MASTER 
NEGATIVE 

NO.  95-82458 


COPYRIGHT  STATEMENT 


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Author: 


American  exporter 


Title: 


Exporter's  gazetteer  of 
foreign  markets 

Place: 

New  York 

Date: 

[1 920] 


MASTER    NEGATIVE   # 


COLUMBIA  UNIVERSITY  LIBRARIES 
PRESERVATION  DIVISION 

BIBLIOGRAPHIC  MICROFORM  TARGET 


ORIGINAL  MATERIAL  AS  FILMED  -    EXISTING  BIBLIOGRAPHIC  RECORD 


Exporter's  gazetteer  of  foreign  markets, 

American  exporter  • 

Exporter's  gazetteer  of  foreign  markets;  a 
condensed  survey  of  the  world's  markets  and 
industries  published  for  tho  use  of  manufacturers, 
exporters,  "bankers,  shipping  and  allied  trades, 
conp,  and  od«  by  Lloyd  R«  Morris...  1920-21. 
He\7  York  city,  American  exporter,  Jojinston  ox- 
port  publishing  co.  il920i  ' 

xxiii,  766  p.  maps.  23^^. 


RESTRICTIONS  ON  USE: 


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This  Service 

todTv  t  "T^'^  l^  }^^  ^^'^t  that  business 
today  IS  no  longer  chiefly  a  matter  of  dealings 
wjthm  single  nations,  but  is  increasingly  worid! 

The   development   of  transportation   and   of 

lenX"'*^*.'- "h  '^^  «""^  ^""^^'•d  t"  ™ing 
market;  ^flu  ^^^^'"P-n^nt  has  unified  all  thl 
markets  of  the  world  into  a  world  market 
At  the  present  time  the  United  States  d™^ 
thaT  didli  ^'^''?"  and  South  Afric?eS 
l&on'4h  eachXl  *'"'"""  '"^'^  «^  *^« 

w'^Jd'eS^^f  *°  ^^^  ^'"^"'^"  Manufac- 
turer a  demand  of  enormous  potential  for  hw 

goods  a  demand  which  it  is  the  function  of 
the  Johnston  Overseas  Service  to  set^oini 
m  his  du-ection  and  for  his  profit.  ^   ^ 

Unique  facilities  are  at  our  disposal;  and  our 
staff  is  expert  in  world  economks  and  thl 

lh^lZ.tai  T^'^  P"^J'"*y-  This^enablel 
o^tA-  •    ^"  Overseas  Service  to  give  -^ur 

trttme^f  v^'"P"'^'  ^^'"^'^  '^'  same  skS 
thtJ  h!^  ./°"  "'""'^  ^^Pect  from  the  agency 
that  handles  your  national  campaigns. 


Excl 


foreign  Adv^ising 


Authentic  Data 

on  more  than 

20,090 

Foreign  Publications 

in  our  files. 


SERVICE  PERFORMED 

1.  Plans,    Prepares    and    Places    foreign    advertising 
campaigns. 

2.  Careful  analysis  of  your  foreign  markets. 

3.  Preparation  of  copy,  display  and  layout  by  men  of 
experience  in  handling  foreign  campaigns. 

4.  Accurate  and  reUable  translation  of  copy. 

5.  Efficient    selection    of    Foreign    Media,    and    most 
advantageous  use  of  space. 

6.  Forwarding,     checking    and    attending    to    fonugn 
payments. 

7.  Furnishing  lists  of  foreign   manufacturers,   johbors, 
dealers,  etc.,  int^-rested  in  your  product. 

8.  Weekly  bulletin  of  valuable  trade  information. 

9.  Other  miscellaneous  assistance  that  will  help  you  to 
increase  your  sales  abroad. 

Write   for   Booklet   7-A   on   WORLD    MEDIA 


Johnston  Overseas  Service 

277  Broadway     New  York,  U.  S.  A. 
Telephone,  Worth  2049 


V 


1 


The  Name — 

AMERICAN    EXPORTER 

Carries  with    it   the   prestige   and 
business  reputation  of  43  years-«) 
essential  to  the  successful  introduc- 
tion of  your  product  abroad. 
That  period  of  43  years  has  been  one 
of  continuous  upward  growth  until 
today  the   name,    AMERICAN 
EXPORTER,  stands  for  even  more 
than  the  name  of  the  world's  leading 
export  medium— it  implies  a  unique 
service  to  the  advertiser. 
The  executives  of  the  AMERICAN 
EXPORTER    are   broad-visioned 
men  who  have  had  years  of  experi- 
ence in  the  export  field-men  whom 
you  mav  consult  and  firom  whom 
you  may  get  accurate  information 
on  foreign  markets. 

The  confidence  that  over  """^--^S^^^jR^Tpt:.' 
put  into  the  name,  AMERICAN  EXPORTER,  «  proot 

of  its  dependability. 

American  Exporter 

17    Battery    Place,   New   York    City 


EXPORTER'S   GAZETTEER 


OF 


FOREIGN   MARKETS 


1 920-2 1 


OTHER  BOOKS  BY  THE  SAME 
PUBLISHERS 

PRACTICAL 
EXPORTING 

By  B.  Olnbt  HotroH. 

530  pp.,  39  documentary  forma.  6x9.   Clotn. 

Tells  how  to  get  and  handle  export  trade. 
written  especially  for  the  manufacturer,  the 
exporter  and  the  student,  by  an  a"thontyon 
the  subject  in  general.  A  rnost  practical  book 
on  all  matters  of  office  and  shipping  pracUce. 

EXPORT 
PACKING 

400  pp.,    150  illustrations.     6x9.     C'o«»- 

By  C.  C.  Mabtin.     With  chapters  by  M.  O. 

Fits    Gbkald.  Superintendent   of   Packing. 

General  Electric  Company. 

Elaborately  and  accurately  illustrated  with 
photographs  showing  successful  export  pack»ng 
methyls  in  boxing,  baling,  nailmg.  water-proof- 
linin?.  sixes  of  cases,  lumber  used,  crating  and 
metric  standards. 


EXPORT  TRADE 
DIRECTORY 

Published  annually.     6x9.     Cloth. 

A  complete  list  of  the  export  commission 

houses,  foreign  buyers.  ™a°"{f<^^"'^" /x,wi^ 
aeents  foreign  exchange  banks  and  bankers, 
nfarine  insurance  companies,  export  tnickmen. 
foreien  freight  forwarders,  etc..  in  all  the  pnn- 
c?ra?United  States  ports;  also  oreign  Consul- 
ates  in  the  United  States.  American  Consulates 
abroad,  etc. 


1 
I 


EXPORTER'S   GAZETTEER 

OF 

FOREIGN    MARKETS 


A  qONDENSED  SURVEY  OF  THE  WORLD'S  MARKETS  AND  INDUSTRIES  PUBLISHED 

FOR  THE  USE  OF  MANUFACTURERS.   EXPORTERS,   BANKERS, 

SHIPPING   AND  ALLIED   TRADES 


Compiled  and  Edited  bt 

LLOYD  R.  MORRIS 

Research  Editor,  THE  AMERICAN  EXPORTER 

(COPTRIOBTSD  1920  BT  JOHN8TON  ExPOBT  PUBLISHING  Co.) 


I 


1920-21 


AMERICAN    EXPORTER 

JOHNSTON    EXPORT    PUBLISHING    CO, 

17  BATTERY  PLACE 
NEW  YORK  CITY 
U.  S.  A. 


Boston 


Philadelphia  Cleveland  Hetpoit  (.'hicaco 

St.  Louis  San  Francisco 


PrinUd  in  /A«  UnUed  States  of  America 


•    •      • 


D  EAL  Advertising  Service  in  foreign 
fields  can  be  rendered  only  by  spec- 
ialists with  an  established  reputation. 

The  Gotham  Advertising  Co.  has 
been  serving  American  exporters  for 
over  twelve  years.  We  have  the  organ- 
ization, proper  over-seas  connections  and, 
above  all,  the  required  experience  to 
render  you  real  service  in  developing 
your  foreign  sales. 

Gotham  Advertising  Co. 

Incorporated  1908 

95  Liberty  Street.  New  York  City 

•Phone,  Cortland  6753 
Cable  Address,  Carwaite,  New  York 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 

Page 

*^  Foreword yii 

^  A  Suggestion  Regarding  the  Interpretation  of  Statistics ix 

PRELIMINARY  TABLES 

<n  Comparison  of  the  Foreign  Trade  of  the  United  States,  Great  Britain,  France  and 

^      Germany,  1869-1919  with  Charts x 

jC  Foreign  Trade  of  the  World's  Principal  Countries xviii 

^  Per  Capita  Imports  and  Exports  of  the  World's  Principal  Countries xx 

t  Addenda xxi 

PART  I 

NORTH  AMERICA 

Dominion  of  Canada 1 

Newfoundland  and  Labrador 10 

St.  Pierre  and  Miquelon 12 

Mexico 13 

Bermuda 22 

Greenland 23 

PART  II 
CENTRAL  AMERICA 

British  Honduras 24 

Costa  Rica 26 

Guatemala 31 

Honduras 37 

Nicaragua 41 

Panama 48 

Salvador 53 

PART  III 

WEST  INDIES 

Bahamas 59 

Barbados 60 

Cuba 62 

Cura9ao 69 

Dominican  Republic 73 

Guadeloupe  and  Dependencies 78 

Haiti. 79 

Jamaica 83 

Leeward  Islands 88 

St.  Kitts,  Nevis,  Anguilla 89 

Antigua,  Barbuda,  Redonda 89 

Monserrat 89 

British  Virgin  Islands 89 

Tortola,  Virgin  Gorda,  Jost- Van-Dykes,  Peters  and  Salt. 

Dominica 90 

Martinique 91 

Porto  Rico 93 

Trinidad  and  Tobago 100 

Virgin  Islands  of  the  United  States 104 

Windward  Islands 104 

Grenada  and  Dependencies 104 

St.  Vincent  and  Dependencies 104 

St.  Lucia 105 

1 


11 


EXPORTERS  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREiaM  MARKETS 


PART  IV 

SOUTH  AMERICA 

Argentina P*«e 

Bolivia 107 

Brazil : 121 

Chile 127 

Colombia. ...         142 

Ecuador 152 

Falkland  Islands. ....]..'..'..'.".'.' 160 

The  Guianas ...                    167 

British  Guiana.  '.WWW.'. 168 

Dutch  Guiana. .             168 

French  Guiana. .      179 

Paraguay 181 

Peru.  . .    ; ; 183 

Uruguay 191 

Venezuela 201 

208 

PART  V 
EUROPE 

Map  of  the  New  Europe ,.    . 

Albania ^ Facing  217 

Andorra .'  ' '  * 217 

Austria 217 

Azores. ...             218 

Belgium 226 

Bulgaria 1 !.'!!.'!."."! ." 229 

Cyprus 235 

Czecho-Slovakia  239 

Denmark ."."!!.*! 240 

Faroe  Islands. 247 

Iceland 254 

Finland 254 

France '  * "    " 257 

Germany ...                 262 

Gibraltar.  . .        274 

Greece 'WW.'.'.'.'..W.W.'.'.W. 288 

Hungary' 289 

Italy •"*""!!!!!!!!!!!!;;;!! 298 

San  Marino 304 

Jugo-Slavia .  W. . . . .  W. ^1^ 

Liechtenstein ! ^1^ 

Luxemburg ....               319 

Malta. :;;.;; 319 

Monaco ' ." 320 

Netherlands 320 

Norway ...               321 

Poland ; 327 

Portugal .'.'.".".'.'.'.'.*.".'.*.';.*!; 332 

Rumania .....! 337 

Russia ...,!.... 345 

New  Russian  States. 352 

Lithuania ] 363 

Latvia i ^^ 

Esthonia .........!.. ^^ 

Ukrainia 365 

Georgian  Republic. 365 

Azerbaijan  Tartar  Republic .'.'.■.■.'.■ '       .'  .'.'.'.'.■.■.■.*.■.■,'.'.■ ogl 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 


m 


Page 

Spain 369 

Sweden 384 

i^witzerianci  • .». ofjyj 

X  xirltey • aij'j 

United  Kingdom  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland 400 

PART  VI 
ASIA 

Aden,  Perim  and  other  Islands 423 

Afghanistan 423 

Andaman,  Nicobar  and  other  Islands 424 

Bahrein  Islands 424 

BaWchistAn 425 

jjriLisii  i^  orxo  xjomco  ••.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• .••.••».•••••  ^*r\j 

Brunei 426 

Sarawak 426 

China 427 

Hong  Kong 444 

Weihaiwei 445 

Macao 446 

Ceylon 446 

Maldive  Islands 451 

French  Indo  China 451 

Hedjaz 455 

India 456 

French  Dependencies. 467 

Portuguese  Dependencies 468 

Japan 469 

Chosen  (Korea) 486 

Taiwan  (Formosa) 488 

Karafuto 490 

Kwantung 490 

Malay  States  (Federated) 493 

Malay  States,  not  in  Federation 495 

Kedah 495 

PerUs 495 

Kelantan 496 

Trengganu 496 

Oman 497 

Persia 498 

Siam 502 

Sikkim 508 

Straits  Settlements 509 

Labuan ~. 513 

Cocos  Islands 513 

Christmas  Islands 513 

PART  VII 
AFRICA 

Abyssinia 514 

Belgian  Congo 521 

British  Africa  (South) 524 

Basutoland 524 

Bechuanaland  Protectorate 525 

Nvasaland  Protectorate 526 

Rhodesia 526 

Swaziland  Protectorate 528 

Union  of  South  Africa 529 


iv 


EXPORTERS  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 


British  Africa  (East) P^® 

British  East  African  Protectorate ^^ 

East  Afnca  (formeriy  German)     ^^ 

Mauritius ...                            ^ 549 

SeycheUes .' 550 

Sokotra ; : 550 

Somaliland  Protectorate 551 

Uganda  Protectorate 551 

Zanzibar  Protectorate         552 

Bntish  Africa  (West) .'.*.'.' 553 

Ascension  Island 555 

Ashanti 555 

Gambia. ...                   555 

Gold  Coast.  ..".'.■.■ 555 

Kamerun 556 

Nigeria 557 

Protectorate  of  S.  W.  Africa" 557 

St.  Helena 558 

Sierra  Leone 559 

^     The  Protectorate.".'  .'.'.■.;.■ 559 

Togo 560 

Tristan  da  Cunha         560 

Egypt ■;;::; 56o 

Anglo  Egyptian  Sudan         561 

French  Africa                       565 

French  West  Africa.... 

Dahomey 567 

French  Guinea.  .......'.' 569 

Ivory  Coast 570 

Mauretania ...               571 

Senegal .' .' 572 

Upper  Senegal  and  Nii^r 573 

French  Equatorial  Africa  (French  Congo) Hi 

Algena *"^ 675 

Madagascar 677 

Comoro  Islands. 680 

Reunion 584 

Tunis 584 

Italian  Africa                    585 

Eritrea 

Italian  Somaliland. ....'.'.' 590 

X  M    T"Po^  and  Cyrenaica. . ..'.'.', 590 

Liberia 590 

Morocco 591 

Fernando  Po 592 

Portuguese  Africa      596 

Angola 

Cape  Verde  Islands. 597 

Portuguese  Guinea 598 

S.  Thom^  and  Princioe   598 

^    5Qg 

PART  VIII 
OCEANIA 

Australia 

Norfolk  Island.  ..'.".*." 600 

British  and  French  Pacific  Islands ^15 

Caroline,  Marianne  and  Palau  Islands     ^16 

Fiji  Islands 616 

Marshall  Islands.         616 

617 


New  Hebrides 

New  Zealand 

Auckland  Islands 

Chatham  Islands 

Cook  Islands 

Kermadec  Islands 

Small  British  Islands 

Tonga,  or  Friendly  Islands 

Dutch  East  Indies 

Timor 

French  Pacific  Islands 

Society  Islands 

Marquesas  Islands 

Leeward  Islands 

Tuamotu  Islands 

Gambier  Islands 

Tubuai  Islands  and  Rapa. . . . 
New  Caledonia  and  Dependencies. 
New  Guinea 

Territory  of  Papua 

Kaiser  Wilhelm's  Land 

Bismarck  Archipelago 

Solomon  Islands 

United  States  Islands  in  Pacific. . . 

Philippine  Islands 


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SUPPLEMENTARY  TABLES 

Foreign  Trade  of  the  United  States 655 

Domestic  and  Foreign  Exports  of  the  United  States 655 

Exports  from  the  United  States  by  Principal  Classes 656 

Relation  of  Exports  of  Manufactured  Goods  to  Total  Exports,  with  Chart 657 

Exports  from  tlie  United  States  by  Grand  Divisions 658 

Exports  from  the  United  States  by  Sea  and  Land 659 

Summary  of  the  Foreign  Commerce  of  the  United  States 660 

Imports  and  Exports  of  Gold  and  Silver  by  Countries 661 

United  States  Exports  and  Imports  of  Foreign  and  Domestic  Merchandise  by 

Customs  Districts 662 

United  States  Exports  and  Imports  of  Foreign  and  Domestic  Merchandise  by 

Countries 664 

United  States  Exports  of  Domestic  Merchandise  by  Articles 667 

Table  of  Time  Differences 686 

Railway  and  Telegraph  Lanes  of  Principal  Countries 687 

Distances  from  New  York,  New  Orleans,  San  Francisco,  and  Port  Townsend  to 

Principal  Ports  and  Cities 688 

Automobile  Census  of  Foreign  Countries 691 

World's  Production  of  Cocoa .  692 

World's  Production  of  Coffee \\',  692 

World's  Production  of  Tea 692 

World's  Production  of  Com 693 

Jorld  s  Production  of  Oats 693 

Worid's  Production  of  Rye 693 

Worid's  Production  of  Wheat 694 

World's  Production  of  Potatoes 694 

World  8  Production  of  Wine 694 

World's  Production  of  Sugar 695 


VI 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


World's  Production  of  Iron  and  Steel !S 

World's  Production  of  Coal  696 

World's  Production  of  Tin.         6^ 

World's  Production  of  Petroleum ^^ 

World's  Production  of  Rubber  ^7 

World's  Production  of  Gold      697 

World's  Production  of  Silver  698 

World's  Production  and  Consumption  of  Textiles .'  .■.'.'.;;: 55? 

&°/K.1„^„rR^°"sur*'^"''^^-*^- ■.:•.•.•.•.:::::■.■.•.•.•.::::  Z 

World's  Shipbuilding. .  .^ .'.'.'.['.'.'.'. 701 

Tonnage  Definitions 702 

The  Principal  Economic  Provisions  of  the  'IViaty  of  Fe&ce  with  Germanv ?m 

Countries  to  Which  Parcel  Post  Service  Extends  Germany 704 

Index 709 

Map  of  the  World. '. '.'. •    • :  •  •  710 

Facmg  766 


FOREWORD 

This  book  has  been  prepared  with  the  object  of  providing  in  readily  accessible  form 
facts  about  the  world's  markets  which  will  be  practically  useful  for  purposes  of  reference 
to  every  American  business  man  who  is  concerned,  either  actually  or  prospectively,  with 
foreign  trade. 

The  scope  of  the  book  has  been  determined  to  a  very  large  extent  by  the  actual  ex- 
perience of  the  editor  in  providing  data  of  this  nature  at  the  individual  request  of  many 
manufacturers  in  almost  every  known  line,  export  managers,  sales  managers,  advertising 
managers,  forwarding  agents  and  others  throughout  the  United  States. 

Heretofore  detailed  information  about  foreign  markets  has  been  obtainable  only  from 
numerous  primary  sources  published  chiefly  in  foreign  languages  and  for  the  most  part  not 
readily  available  to  the  business  man.  In  addition  to  these  obstacles,  the  great  bulk  of 
foreign  statistical  data  has  the  further  disadvantage  of  being  of  little  practical  service  to 
the  American  business  man,  since  the  units  of  currency,  measurements,  capacity,  and  weight 
employed  are  those  of  the  country  of  publication.  In  bringing  together  this  statistical 
material  all  foreign  currencies  have  been  converted  into  their  equivalent  in  dollars,  and  all 
foreign  systems  of  measurement  into  units  of  measure  commonly  understood  by  Americans. 

In  order  to  increase  the  practical  usefulness  of  the  book  the  countries  of  the  world 
have  been  grouped  alphabetically  by  continents  and  other  major  geographical  divisions. 
It  is  believed  that  this  arrangement  will  enable  anyone  who  consults  the  book  to  con- 
veniently survey  in  detail  markets  which  are  geographically  related,  such  as,  for  example, 
Cuba  and  the  other  islands  of  the  West  Indies,  the  Central  American  republics,  or  Australia 
and  New  Zealand.  Individual  maps  have  been  provided  for  the  more  important  countries 
of  the  world,  and  these  have  been  designed  with  the  intention  of  recalling  to  the  reader  the 
geographical  relation  of  each  country  to  its  neighbors,  and  providing  suggestive  illustration 
of  the  principal  topographical  features,  the  location  of  the  chief  towns,  and  the  more  im- 
portant transportation  faciUties. 

The  conclusion  of  the  war  witnessed  the  creation  of  thirteen  new  independent  states  in 
Europe  and  one  in  the  Near  East,  as  well  as  territorial  changes  in  nine  other  European 
nations.  Separate  sections  are  devoted  to  the  new  states  of  Czecho-Slovakia,  Jugo-Slavia, 
Poland,  Finland,  Austria,  Hungary,  Latvia,  Lithuania,  Esthonia,  Ukrainia,  the  Georgian 
and  Azerbaijan  Republics  and  the  Kingdom  of  the  Hedjaz.  It  is  believed  that  the  most 
complete  as  well  as  the  most  recent  information  has  been  included.  The  territorial  changes 
m  Germany,  France,  Italy,  Greece,  Russia,  Rumania,  Turkey  and  Bulgaria  are  indicated  in 
the  maps,  and  consideration  is  given  in  the  text  to  their  economic  significance.  In  addition 
to  the  individual  maps  of  the  more  important  new  states,  a  general  map  of  the  "New  Europe" 
has  been  included  to  indicate  the  geographical  relation  of  the  new  states  to  the  rest  of  Europe 
and  the  relation  of  the  new  boundaries  to  those  obtaining  before  the  war. 

There  will  be  found  under  each  country  detailed  information  upon  the  following  topics: 
(1)  Area,  population,  and  population  of  the  principal  cities  and  towns;  (2)  Commerce; 

vii 


Vlll 


EXPORTERS  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


! 


(3)  Production  and  industry;  (4)  Raaroads,  telegraphs,  telephones;  (5)  Money,  weights 
and  measures,  and  commercial  language;  (6)  Principal  shipping  routes,  customs  tariff, 
coMular  regulations  and  consular  representation;  (7)  Cable  rates,  mail  time,  postal  rates, 
and  regulations  with  respect  to  parcel  post,  money  orders  and  reply  coupons. 

In  the  sections  devoted  to  the  principal  markets  of  the  world  there  will  be  found 
material  on  local  advertising  media,  summarizing  the  classes  of  media  available  to  the 
American  manufacturer  who  contemplates  a  consumer  campaign. 

n^  rl!"^  ^^^^^^  ^^^^^  ^^^^  country  dealing  with  Commerce  includes  tables  showing: 
(1)  The  total  foreign  trade  of  the  country  for  a  series  of  years;  (2)  The  value  of  its  imports 
and  exports  of  each  commodity;  (3)  The  value  of  its  imports  from  each  foreign  country; 

(4)  The  value  of  its  exports  to  each  foreign  country;  and  (5)  The  value  of  its  imports  from 
and  exports  to  the  United  States  for  ten  or  more  years.  In  all  cases  the  tables  include  the 
most  recently  published  figures. 

The  section  under  each  country  deaUng  with  Production  and  Industry  contains  de- 
tailed statistical  information  relating  to  the  various  industries  of  the  country,  including 
agriculture,  hvestock,  forest  resources,  mines  and  metals,  fisheries  and  manufactures.  In 
the  majority  of  cases  there  has  been  included  a  table  showing  the  number  of  each  kind  of 
manufactunng  enterprise  together  with  the  number  of  persons  employed,  capitaUzation 
value  of  annual  output  and  raw  material  consumed. 

There  are,  besides,  supplementary  tables  showing  world  production  and  consumption  by 
countries  of  primary  commodities  and  worid  equipment  by  countries  of  various  industrial 
facibties.  The  index  has  been  made  as  complete  as  the  exigencies  of  space  permitted,  but 
because  the  references  to  commodities  in  text  and  tables  are  so  numerous  no  attempt  has 
been  made  to  index  them.  The  reader  who  wishes  to  find  details  with  respect  to  any 
commodity  m  any  markets  will  find  the  information  desired  under  the  appropriate  section 
m  each  country. 

Attention  is  especiaUy  directed  to  the  pages  of  addenda  containing  the  latest  available 
information  received  after  the  body  of  the  book  had  gone  to  press. 

In  addition  to  his  indebtedness  to  various  government  bureaus  and  to  the  economic 
commissions  of  many  foreign  countries  in  the  United  States,  the  editor  especiaUy  wishes  to 
express  his  cordial  appreciation  of  the  kind  cooperation  of  the  Pan  American  Union  in 
f urmshmg  statistical  information  with  respect  to  Latin  American  countries,  to  Mr.  RoUin 
Sawyer  of  the  Economics  Department  of  the  New  York  Public  Library,  to  Mr.  H.  G.  Winne 
and  Mr.  J.  L.  Hutehison  of  the  Johnston  Overseas  Service  for  material  on  local  advertising 
media  m  foreign  countries,  to  Mr.  C.  C.  Batehelder  of  the  Bureau  of  Foreign  and  Domestic 
Commerce,  and  to  many  of  the  consular  representatives  of  foreign  countries  in  New  York 
City. 

L.  R.  M. 


A  SUGGESTION  REGARDING  THE  INTERPRETATION 

OF  STATISTICS 

Since  the  interchange  of  commodities  between  countries  is  constantly  expanding,  as  is 
evident  from  the  history  of  foreign  trade,  and  the  normal  tendency  of  a  country's  imports 
is  not  to  remain  static  but  to  constantly  increase,  statistics  of  imports  and  exports  should 
be  interpreted  in  the  light  of  this  increasing  growth. 


IX 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


PRELIMINARY  TABLES 


COMPARISON  OF  THE 
UNITED  STATES,  GREAT  BRITAIN, 

FROM  1869  TO 


1809. 

1870. 

1871. 

1872. 

1873. 

1874. 

1875. 

1876. 

1877. 

1878. 

1879. 

1880. 

1881., 

1882.. 

1883.. 

1884.. 

1885.. 

1886.. 

1887.. 

1888.. 

1889.. 

1890. . 

1891 . . 

1892.. 

1893.. 

1894.. 

1895.. 

1896.. 

1897.. 

1898.. 

1899.. 

1900.. 

1901.. 

1902.. 

1903.. 

1904... 

1905... 

1906... 

1907... 

1908... 

1909... 

1910... 

1911... 

1912... 

1913... 

1914... 

1915... 

1916... 

1917. . . 

1918.... 

1919.... 

1919(A). 


(000  omitted) 

$286,118 

392,771 

442.820 

444.177 

522.479 

586.283 

513.443 

540.384 

602.475 

694.865 

710.440 

835.638 

902.377 

750,542 

823,840 

740.514 

742.190 

679.525 

716,183 

695,954 

742,402 

857.829 

884.481 

1,030.278 

847.665 

892.141 

807.539 

882.006 

1,050.994 

1,231,482 

1,227.023 

1,394,484 

1.487.865 

1,381,720 

1.420,141 

1,460.827 

1.518,562 

1,743,864 

1.880,851 

1.860,773 

1.663,011 

1,744,984 

2.049,320 

2.204,322 

2,465,884 

2,364,579 

2.768,589 

4.333,482 

6.290.048 

5,919.711 

7,225,084 

7,922,150 


(000  omitted) 

$417,506 

435,958 

520,224 

626,595 

642.136 

567.406 

533.005 

460.741 

451,323 

437.052 

446,778 

667,955 

642,665 

724,640 

723.181 

667,698 

577,527 

635,436 

692.320 

723,957 

745.132 

789.310 

844.916 

827.402 

866.401 

654,995 

731,970 

779,725 

764,730 

616,050 

697,148 

849.941 

823.172 

903..321 

1,025,719 

991,087 

1.117,513 

1,226,562 

1,434,421 

1,194,342 

1,311,920 

1,556.947 

1.527,226 

1,653,265 

1,813.008 

1,893.925 

1,674,169 

2.197,883 

2.659,355 

2.945.655 

3.095.876 

3,904,406 


(000  omitted) 

$703,624 

828,729 

960,044 

1,070,772 

1.164.615 

1,153,689 

1,046,448 

1,001,125 

1,053,798 

1.131,917 

1,156.218 

1,503,593 

1,545,042 

1.475.182 

1,547,021 

1.408,212 

1.319,717 

1.314,961 

1.408,503 

1.419.911 

1,487.534 

1,647.139 

1.729.397 

1,857,680 

1,714,066 

1.547,136 

1,539,509 

1,661,731 

1,815,724 

1,847,532 

1,924,171 

2,244,425 

2,310.937 

2.28.5,041 

2,445,800 

2,451.914 

2,636,075 

2,970.426 

3,315.272 

2,055,115 

2.974,931 

3,301.931 

3,576,546 

3,857,587 

4,278,892 

4,258,.504 

4,442,758 

6,531,365 

8,949,403 

8,865,366 

10,320,960 

11,826,656 


(000  omitted) 
$1,153,433 
1,187.815 
1,380,018 
1,530,943 
1,513,505 
1,448.514 
1,370,465 
1.249,601 
1,228,042 
1,194,648 
1.210.707 
1.393.833 
1,445,7.54 
1,492,366 
1,486.409 
1,440.323 
1,321,128 
1,308,889 
1,368,766 
1,453.030 
1,535,828 
1,597,439 
1,504,302 
1,419,267 
1.348,694 
1.332,378 
1.389,145 
1.442,330 
1.431.598 
1,430.819 
1,601,638 
1,722.256 
1.690.620 
1.697,300 
1.751,416 
1.803,134 
1.980,919 
2,238,894 
2,517,369 
2,219,695 
2.281.892 
2,595.948 
2,706,429 
2.910,951 
3,085.226 
2,557,310 
2,351.902 
2.934.691 
2,900.240 
2,573,025 
4,678,697 


(000  omitted) 
$1,437,856 
1,475.800 
1.610.884 
1,726.118 
1.806,868 
1,801,069 
1.819.779 
1,826,692 
1.919,445 
1.794.624 
1.766,501 
2,001,251 
1.932,108 
2,009,962 
2,077,470 
1,898,027 
1,805,316 
1,702.608 
1,886,431 
2.081,100 
2,047,298 
2,119,075 
2,062,393 
1.969.415 
1.987,210 
2,027,820 
2.025.111 
2,150.063 
2,104,933 
2,289.906 
2,357,272 
2,542,145 
2,536,872 
2,567,981 
2.637,038 
2,676,047 
2,745,996 
2,9.34,348 
3,038,626 
2.881,754 
3.036,066 
3,296.329 
3.305,565 
3,618,953 
3.736,050 
3.385,646 
4,140.201 
4.609.741 
5.171,840 
6.396,493 
7.960.203 


(000  omitted) 
$2,591,289 
2,663,615 
2,990,902 
3,257.061 
3,320,373 
3,249,.583 
3,190.244 
3,075.293 
3,147,487 
2,989.272 
2,977.208 
3,395,084 
3,377,862 
3,502,328 
3,563,879 
3,338,350 
3,126,444 
3,011,497 
3,255,197 
4.534,130 
3.583,126 
3,716,614 
3.566,695 
3.388,682 
3.335,904 
3.360,198 
3.414.267 
3.592,393 
3.626,531 
3.720,726 
3.958,816 
4.264.401 
4.227,492 

4,265,281 

4.388.454 

4.479,181 

4.726,915 

5,173,242 

5,555,995 

5,101,449 

5,317,958 

5.892,277 

6.011.994 

6.529.904 

6.821,276 

5,942,956 

6,492,103 

7,544,432 

8,072,080 

8,969,518 
12,638,900 


NOTE  (A)  Calendar  year.      The  statistics  .iven  for  Great  Britain.  France  and  Germany  are  for  the  calendar 


FOREIGN  TRADE  OF 
FRANCE  AND  GERMANY 
1919,  INCLUSIVE: 


Year 


1800. 

1870. 

1871. 

1872. 

1873. 

1874. 

1876. 

1876. 

1877. 

1878. 

1879. 

1880. 

1881. 

1882. 

1883. 

1884. 

1886. 

1886. 

1887. 

1888. 

1889. 

1890. 

1891. 

1892. 

1893. 

1894. 

1895. 

1896. 

1897. 

1898. 

1899. 

1900., 

1901.. 

1902.. 

1903.. 

1904.. 

1905.. 

1906.. 

1907.. 

1908.. 

1909.. 

1910.. 

1911.. 

1912.. 

1913.. 

1914.. 

1915.. 

1916.. 

1917.. 

1918.. 

1919.. 


FRANCE 


GERMANY 


Exports 


Imports 


Total 


Exports 


Imports 


Total 


(000  omitted; 
$770,842 
667,008 
636,514 
916,IQ1 
930,646 
907,486 
827,751 
877,764 
843.603 
793,423 
824,110 
890,116 
911.732 
919.452 
880,466 
814.074 
763,508 
819.478 
817,934 
829,514 
926,979 
934.120 
912,890 
878,343 
834,918 
796,125 
885,677 
886,642 
926,979 
902,082 
1,068,255 
1,065.746 
1.007.460 
1.080,221 
1,076,554 
1,108,592 
1,216,286 
1,317,804 
1,400,408 
1.277,853 
1,444,219 
1,564,265 
1,546.. 509 
1,703,032 
1,327,881 
360.678 
759.918 
987.330 
1.160,450 
799.657 
1.681.641 


(000  omitted) 
$773,737 
675.114 
762.929 
868,886 
883,168 
853,639 
861,166 
947.437 
882.010 
982.177 
1,076,747 
1.179,809 
1,157,228 
1,150.666 
1,136,191 
1,011,127 
951,490 
987,581 
953.999 
1,001,091 
1,026,760 
1,052,236 
1,146,034 
991,248 
955.736 
925.435 
949.560 
951.297 
991,634 
1,077,519 
1,128,664 
1,155,877 
1,081,958 
1,099.907 
1,173,440 
1,104,346 
1,169,966 
1,368,563 
1.519,875 
1,385,933 
1,516,401 
1,756,879 
1.893,330 
1,986,742 
1.625,317 
1,235.624 
2,129.909 
2,925,764 
5,317,932 
3,843.5.52 
5,747,254 


(000  omitted) 
$1,544,579 
1,342,122 
1,399,443 
1,786,987 
1,813,814 
1.761,125 
1.788,917 
1.825.201 
1.725,613 
1,776.600 
l,90a857 
2.069,925 
2,068,960 
2,070,118 
2.016,657 
1,825,201 
1,714,998 
1,807,059 
1,771,9.33 
1,830,605 
1,953,739 
1,986,356 
2,058,924 
1,869,591 
1,790,654 
1,721,560 
1.835,237 
1.837.939 
1.918,613 
1.979,601 
2,196,919 
2,221,623 
2,089,418 
2.180.128 
2,249,994 
2,212.9.38 
2,386,2.52 
2,686.367 
2,920,283 
2,663,786 
2,960,626 
3.321,144 
3,439,839 
3,689.774 
2.953.198 
1.596.303 
2,889,827 
.3,913,094 
6,478,383 
4.643.210 
7.428,«;68 


(000  omitted) 


$810,938 
835,473 
818,751 
882,785 
867,084 
909.837 
924.316 
916.487 
718,375 
743,411 
806,068 
822,307 
813,619 
734,967 
760.063 
800,402 
834,454 
851,066 
875.186 
842.425 
780.874 
809.545 
775,850 
871,626 
931,336 
941,446 
965,821 
1,073,995 
1,170.533 
1,129,073 
1,088,006 
1.271,372 
1,324.565 
1,446,506 
1,634,941 
1,792.386 
1.523,019 
1,569,412 
1,778,969 
1,929.243 
2,151,718 
2,403,311 


(000  omitted) 


year  while  those  of  the  United  States  are  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30. 


$1,042,176 
1,188,602 
1,139,560 
1,129,169 
1,168,159 
1,146,053 
1.075,162 
1,137,720 
719,742 
747,353 
799,078 
829,987 
820,581 
744,463 
736,443 
788,380 
882,197 
1,050,577 
1,075,295 
1,087.847 
1,013,755 
1,026,002 
1,000,795 
1.055,045 
1,103,811 
1.187,977 
1.281,857 
1,383,617 
1,458,620 
1,363,049 
1,604.650 
1.513.966 
1.597,241 
1,777,860 
2,057,101 
1,375,208 
1,822.650 
2.029,399 
2,126,322 
2.309.947 
2.544.636 
2,563,354 


(000  omitted) 


$1,853,114 
2,024.075 
1,958.311 
2,011.954 
2,035,243 
2,055.890 
1.999.478 
2.054.207 
1.438,117 
1,490.764 
1.605.146 
1.652.294 
1,634.200 
1,479.430 
1.496,506 
1,588.782 
1.716,651 
1,901,643 
1.950.480 
1.930,272 
1.794.629 
1.835.547 
1.776.645 
1,926,671 
2,035,147 
2,129,423 
2,247,478 
2,457,512 
2,629.153 
2.492,122 
2.592,656 
2,785,338 
2,921.806 
3.224,366 
3,692.042 
3,167,594 
3,345,669 
3,598.811 
3,905,291 
4,2.39.190 
4.696.3.54 
4.966.665 


Xll 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


im)9 


1900 


1901 


1902 


8,MO.00O,00» 


8,400.000.000- 

8.300,000.000- 
8.M0.000.00fr 
8,100.000,000- 


8,000.000.000- 
T.0OO,OOO.OO» 


7.800.000.00» 
7.700.000.00(V 
7.«00.000.00(^ 
7.500.000.000- 
7,400.000,000- 
7.300.000,000 
7.200,000.000 
7.100.000.000- 
7.00O.000.00O 


1803 


1MM 


190S 


1906 


190T 


lOOS 


190* 


COMPARISON  OF  EXPORTS 
1899-1909 


United  States 
France 


Great  Britain 

Germany . . .... 


PRELIMINARY  TABLES 


xiu 


^                       1909            1910            191 1             1912             1913             1914             1915            1916            1917             1918       1919 1 

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1909-1919 

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1 

a  MIA  fWI  IMA. 

y 

1 

a -100  000  005- 

/ 

f 

a  AAA  AAA  OOA- 

/ 

1 

SM0.000.00O 

4  AAA  AAA  AAA. 

/ 

f  - 

/ 

1 

^  7AA  AAA  AAA 

/ 

1 

ft  MM  AAA  AAA. 

/ 

f 

11  JUM  AAA  MM. 

/ 

1 

ft  aAA  MM  OtdL 

/ 

f-- 

ft  ftOA  AAA  AAA- 

/ 

.1 

ft  MM  AAA  OAft 

/ 

1 

S.100.000.00O 
8.000.000.00OJ 

a  IWMl  fWW^  /WWk- 

1 

1 

_  — ^  ^. 

1 

^ 

-*»  " 

'^ 

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— » .«^  _ 

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f      / 

V 

f 

^ 

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/^      '^ 

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Xv7UU,UUQpUUIr 

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/ 

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f 

t.500,000,000 

y 

^^y" 

/ 

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^ 

^r-^ 

X^"-^ 

' 

^^ 

^^ 

"^"^ 

^      ^'     ■    1 

#  aAA  IVM  AML 

<^ 

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* 

#  MM  fWWI  fWV\. 

-^^^ 

1  OM\  IWWfe  IMWk. 

^^ 

f*" 

^ 

^ 

1,700.000.000 

-• 

.'-' 

• 

' 

1,500.000.000- 

1  aOA  AAA  MVk 

-  •  •  • 

• 

• 

• 

. 

* 

• 

1  MM  AMI  MWl. 

• 

• 

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1  AAA  AAA  AAA. 

• 

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. 

.-'        ' 

% 

• 

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• 

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• 

tf 

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1 

1 

AAA  MM  MM. 

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4 


X!V 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


M  ' 


I 


PRELIMINARY  TABLES 


XV 


1»W            1910            ml             I9X«            1913             1914             1915             191«             1917             1918      1919J 

^S.500  000  00&- 

8400  000  OOO- 

ft  900  000  OOO- 

S.800  000  000- 

8.100  000  000- 

8000  000  000- 

7.»00.000,00a- 
7800  000  000- 

COMPARISON  OF  IMPORTS 
1909-1919 

. j 

7  700  000  OOO- 

/ 

7  600  000  000- 

/ 

7,500.000,000- 

United  Sfc 

V9 

ites  .,     ,.,.,- 

Great  Britain 

f— 

7.400,000,000- 
7800  000  000- 

/ 

7  MO  000  OOf^ 

France Germany— 

>—» ♦      m« 

/ 

7.100.000.00(K^ 
7  000  000  000- 

1 

(Value  in  DolUxs) 

r 

6000  000  000- 

/ 

6800  000  000- 

/ 

8  700  000  000- 

/ 

6.600.000  000- 

/ 

6  &00  000  000- 

/   -- 

6  400  000  OOO- 

/ 

A  SOO  000  000- 

/            1 

6  900  000  000- 

A  100  000.000- 

/ 

fl  000  000  000- 

/ 

5S00  000  000- 

. 

/ 

<  800  000  000- 

/ 

A  700  000  000- 

/ 

( 

ft.600.000,000- 
A500  000  00O- 

■/- 

> 

/ 

• 

54^000  000- 

/ 

• 

A  SOOjDOO.OOO- 

1 ._. 

r 

« 

5M0  000  00O- 

¥ 

« 

5  100  000  OOO- 

Xr 

* 

5  000  000  000- 

XI  •. 

t 

4000  000  000- 

/  . 

% 

> 

4800  000  000- 

/    • 

% 

.. ,; 

4  700  000  000- 

/    • 

1 

41100  000  OOO- 

/ 

ft 

4AO0  0O0  0O0- 

/ 

• 

• 

1 

4400  000  000- 

/ 

• 

* 

¥ 

4,800,000,000- 

4  mo  000  000- 

r 

• 

r 

• 

*  - 

• 

4  100  000  000- 

r 

• 

1 

4  000  000  OOO- 

/ 

• 

ft 

• 

8  SOO  000  000- 

/ 

• 

* 

» 

S80OO0OO0O- 

/ 

4  7(wi  onn  IMA- 

/ 

• 

8  flOOOOO  000- 

—  "^ 

% 

■  ■/ 

8  £00  000  QOO' 

4< 

^ 

J 

• 

8.400.000,000-^ 
8  SOO  000  OOO- 

/ 

"^^  / 

• 

/^ 

4  cnn  non  amv- 

r' 

8  100  000  000- 

^^ 

• 

4  nnn  oon  noA- 

^ 

» 

•  onn  rwv)  onn- 

_             ~ 

t  800  OOA  000- 

» 

^ 

9  inc\  nnn  nnn- 

9 

^ 

9  Ann  nnn  nnn. 

0 

> 

y^ 

#  xnn  nnn  ntMU 

^  •  —  • 

/ 

t.400,000.000- 
9  vwi  nnn  non- 

^ 

• 

/ 

^* 

» 

/ 

i.200,000.000- 
1,100,000.000 

9  fWW^  fkAA  rtfWl- 

.-^' 

* 

/ 

^ 

■ 

/ 

r 

• 

/ 

1  onn  AAA  ivw\_ 

--••• 

% 

• 

/ 

1.800.000.00(^ 
1  7on  Ann  nnn. 

-.•' 

*^ 

/ 

,  • 

/ 

1  9u\c\  AAA  Ann. 

^.• 

^^                 • 

.*  ^ 

r 

1  Ann  AAA  Ann. 

.•     ^ 

^ 
* 

1  4An  nnn  /wwv. 

^ 

% 

• 

1  ftnn  nnn  nnn- 

r^ 

« 

• 

1  900  AAA  AOO- 

« 

1  ino  AAA  nnn. 

1  AiV)  fww^  n^vk. 

000  oon  onfk. 

noo  onn  nnn. 

700  oon  nnn. 

AOA  onn  nnn. 

AOn  AAA  t^M\- 

4on  AfV)  fWM\_ 

SOO  000  oon. 

MO  OOA  (^^i^ 

1 

100  000  OOft- 

1 

XVI 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


PRELIMINARY  TABLES 


xvu 


I 


COMPARISON  OF  TOTAL  POMIGN  TRADE 

18W-100g 

UNITED  STATES GREAT  BRITAIN 

(Value  in  DoUtrs)  ^»"«ANT  «^_ 


FRANCE 


5,800.000,000 

5.800,000.000 

5.400.000.00a 

5.200.000.000 

5,000,000,000 

4.800.000,000 

4.800.000,000 

4.400,000,000 

4.200,000.000 

4,000.000,000 

3,800,000,000 

3,600,000.000 

3,400,000.000 

S.200.000.00O 

3.000.000,000 

2.800.000.00O 

2.600.000.00O 

2.400.000,000 

2,200.000,000 

2.000,000.0004^ 

1.800,000.000 

1.600.000,000 

1.400.000,000 

1.200,000.000 

1,000.000,000 

800.000.000 

800.000,000-  — 

400,000.000 

200.000.000 


DNITKI 

)  STAT 

COMPARISON  OF  TOTAL  FOREIGN  TRADE 

1909-1919 

FRANC] 

^.  .      .    -.  .-      .  GERMANY 

(vaiue  in  uouars) 

1909          1910          1011          1912          1913          1914          1915         1916          1917          1918     1919| 

■IS.000,000,000 
12.800,000,000 
12.600.000.000 
12.400.000.000 
12.200,000,000 
12.000.000,000 
11.800.000.000 
11.800.000.000 
11.400.000.000 
11.200.000.000 

11.000.000.000 
in  finn  M)tk  nAA 

. 

1 

/ 

/ 

1 

/ 

/ 

/ 

/ 

/ 

lv,oUU,WIU,UUV 

10.600,000.000 
in  Ant\  fwtn  nnA 

/ 

/ 

in  MM  MM  (MA 

/         ^ 

10.000.000,000 
a  ann  n<M  (ma 

/      / 

/      / 

V.OUV.vUV.WIV 
A  titd%  (MA  niM 

/    / 

V.wWI.UW.UW 
a  A/M  MM  MM 

// 

W.WU.vVU.VUV 

'/ 

V.XUU.vUV.UUV 
A  /WM)  MM  MM 

^ 

A  iUM  MM  MM 

; 

jf^        1 

O.OWJ.wUU.WUV 

a  itMi  non  tit^^ 

/ 

y 

fi  .inn  MM  nnn 

/ 

/ 

0.4UU.UUU.UW 
fi  MM  MM  (MA 

/ 

fi  (KM  (MA  (MA 

/^^ 

o.uvu.uuu.uw 
7.800.000,000 
7,800,000,000 
7,400.000.000 
7,200,000,000 
7.000.000.000 
A  ann  nnn  ami 

r 

•  / 

/'  / 

^ 

/ 

/ 

« 

/ 

/ 

— p 

/ 

/ 

it  <iAn  nnn  nnfv 

^^  \ 

/ 

/ 

H  i/M)  (WM  (MA 

^  '^ 

\ 

> 

/        ' 

8.200.000,000 
8.000.000.000 
5«800.000.000 
5.80O.000.00O 
5,400.000.000 
5,200.000.000 
5.000.000.000 
4.800.000.000 
4,800,000,000 
4,400,000,000 
4.200.000,000 
4,000.000.000 
8.800,000,000 
8.800.000.00O 
S.400.000.00O 
8,200,000.000 
8.000,000.000 
2,800,000.000 
2,800.000.000 
2,400.000,000- 
2.200.000,000 
2.000.000.000 
1.800,000.000 
1.800,000,000- 
1.400.000.0001 
1,200.000.000- 
1,000,000,000. 
800.000.000- 
800.000.000 
400.000,000 

2oo.ooo.ooa 

^ 

\ 

y 

/ 

1 

• 

« 

_ 

y^ 

V 

/^ 

/ 

• 

• 

_^ 

-—  '"*' 

\ 

>/" 

/ 

• 

• 

/ 

^ 

* 

-' 

/ 

( 

/ 

• 

^ 

• 

/ 

• 

ft 

^ 

^^^» 

/ 

• 

.   ...   ^ 

_^ 

"^ 

/ 

« 

1 

. 

^^y^ 

^^ 

^0"^ 

^^ 

• 

^•r 

^ 

^ 

1 
/ 

•  •^ 

^^^^ 

•r 

^^^-- 

:^-^ 

% 

# 

% 

• 

% 

• 

"^ 

' 

' 

« 

• 

• 

\ 

• 

. 

% 

• 

« 

• 

• 

xviii 


■  ( 


^^^^^lE^^^^^ill^^l^LI^^EIGI^MAH 


FOREIGN  TRADE  OF  THEPRINrro  a  77^ 

OF  THE  w5Sd^^  countries 


PRELIMINARY  TABLES 


XIX 


NORTH  AMERICA: 

Canada 

Newfoundland  and  Labrador 
fet  Pierre  and  Miquelon 

Bermuda .         


^^T^T^^^^WCA: 
^ntish  Honduras 

Costa  Rica 

Guatemala 

Honduras 

Nicaragua. .... ..,'"' 

Panama. . 
Salvador.  . ." 


WEST  INDIES: 
Bahama  Islands... 

Barbados. . .  

Cuba [[ 

Curacao 

Dominican  Republic ." .' 

tjaudeloupe.  

Haiti....r 

Jamaica.        

Leeward  Island".:: 

Martinique  

Porto  Rico..'. 

Tnnidad  and  Tob^ 

c™*""  ^"^^""^  °'  ^^^  United  Staies  * 
SOUTH  AMERICA: 

Argentina 

Bolivia 

Braiil... 

Chile ;:::::; 

Colombia 

Ecuador ....    

Falkland  islands 

Guiana,  British. 

Guiana,  Dutch..      

Guiana,  French      

Paraguay '. 

Peru.  ■ 


Uruguay. . 
Vene«iipla 


EUROPE: 

Austria 

Azores 

Belgium.. 

Bulgaria 

Cyprus 

Ciecho-Slovakia' 
Denmark ... 
Iceland ...... 

Finland ..... 

France -.........' 

Germany 

Greece 

Hungary .... 

Malta 

Netherlands .  .  .  .    '  ' 
Norway 

Poland...;;; 

Portugal.  ...;;;;"* 

Rumania •  •  •  • . 

Russia .  . 

Spain ...;;;    ; ; ;  ■  • 

Sweden .... 

switieriand;;; ;;;;;; 

Turkey.. 
United  Kingdc 


1919 
1917 
1917 
1918 
1917 

1917 
1918 
1918 
1918 
1918 
1918 
1918 

1917 

1917 

1919 

1917 

1918 

1917 

1917 
1917 
1918 
1917 
1918 
1917 
1918 

19l9(est) 

1918 

1919(e8t) 

1918 

19l8(est) 

19l8(e8t) 

1917 

1918 

1918 

1915 

1918 

1918(e8t) 

19l8(e8t) 

19l8(e8t) 


lom. 


1910 
1916 
1919 

1914 
1916 

19l2(e8t) 

1917 

1915 

1919(e8t) 

1919 

1913 

1917 

1912 

19l9(e8t) 

1918 

19l9(e8t) 

1916 

19l2(est) 

1916 

1911 

1916 
1918 
1917 
1916 
1914 
1919 


»916,443.432 

21,318,310 

77,494 

82.235.019 

3,278,033 

2.793.773 
3.735.023 
6.634.000 
6,100,000 
5,929.S02 
7,821.660 
5,970,700 

2.398,818 
11,106,451 
315,587.178 
2,744,135 
19,736,152 
7,625.662 
11.000.000 
15.100.000 
4.373.628 
10.917.872 
63.3S9.282 
20,104,427 
1.807,344 


404.145,860 
13,649,956 
337.493,500 
159,167.034 
22,000,000 
9.800,000 
6.108,563 
16,242,249 
2,362,526 
1.657.970 
10,720.073 
62,000,000 
37,000.000 
21,200,000 


585.946.800 
^^4.082,062 
979.571.500 
47.008.443 
„  4.702.410 
354,285,440 
272.5,56.000 
7,027,749 
^  418,107,480 
5.747,254.167 
2,563.354.000 
39.440.692 
449.06,5,000 
3,389.910.126 
13.969.681 
1.050.975,996 
302,782.193 
312,000.000 
45,768.800 
110.060.784 
1.405,250.000 
109,773,375 
203,307.480 
459.051.465 
1.872,463.185 
7.933,398,977 


«1.207.6I3,806 

22,381,762 

,„  416,055 

183,652,725 

231,229 

2,802.967 
9,623.874 

11.319.000 
9.000.000 
7.754,940 
8,900.000 

12,a52,605 

1.956,038 

10,643,954 

477,221,863 

1.106,190 
22.372.344 

9.454,550 
13.000,000 
13,711,197 

5,308,960 
15,708,711 
74,294,022 
23,050,228 

1,542,222 


429,116,220 
71,219.012 
521.184.000 
291,863,277 
35,000,000 
18,000,000 
9,092,588 
16,914,029 
1.304,222 
1.853,620 
11.057,721 
92,000,500 
105,000,000 
24,200,000 


fil7.528,000 
1.561,269 
443,224.500 
30,060,370 
3,443,047 
407,784,818 
259,424.000 
10.606.668 
130,645.560 
1.681,641.424 
2,403,311,000 
21,191.911 
398,452,000 
691,005.290 
2,965.630 
468,463,992 
265,878,067 
300,000,000 
37.796,400 
123,482,031 
293,825,000 
170,626,895 
361.679,400 
472,408,808 
1,171,507,091 
1.678,700,076 


»2,124,057,238 

43,700,072 

^^  493,549 

265,887,744 

3,509,262 

5,596,740 
13,358,997 
17,953,000 
15,100,000 
13,684,742 
16,721,660 
18,023,305 

4,354,856 
,21,750,405 
794,242.578 
3,850,325 
42.108.469 
17,080,212 
24,000,000 
28,811,197 
9.682,588 
26,626,583 
137,683,304 
43,154.955 
3.349,566 

833,262,060 
84.868,968 
858,687,000 
451,030,311 
57,000,000 
27,800.000 
15,201,151 
33,156.378 
3,066,748 
3,511,590 
21.777.794 
154,000.000 
142,000,000 
45,400,000 


1,103,474,800 
5,643.331 
1.422.796,000 
77,0<>8.813 
I         „8, 145.457 
'         762,070,258 
531,980,000 
17.634,417 
,  548.753,040 
7,428,895,591 
4,966,665,000 
60,632,603 
^  847,517,000 
4,080,915,416 
.     16,935.311 
1.519.439,988 
628.660.260 
612.000.000 
83.565.200 
233.542.815 
1.699.075.000 
280.400.270 
564,986,880 
^  931.460.273 
3,043.970,276 
12,612.099,053 


Table  Continued: 


Coimtry 


Year 


ASIA: 

Aden 

Afghanistan , 

Bahrein  Island , 

British  North  Borneo . . , 

China 

Hong  Kong 

Ceylon 

French  Indo-China 

India,  British 

India,  French 

India,  Portuguese 

Japan 

Chosen 

Federated  Malay  States; 

Oman 

Persia 

Siam 

Straits  Settlements 


Table  continued 


on  page  xiz 


AFRICA: 

Abyssinia 

Belgian  Congo 

Basutoland 

Nvasaland  Protectorate ;;;;;; 

Rhodesia,  Southern 

Rhodesia,  Northern 

Union  of  South  Africa 

British  East  African  Protectorate.. 

East  Africa 

Mauritius ; ; . 

Seychelles .' .  ; 

Somaliland  Protectorate 

Uganda  Protectorate 

Zansibar  Protectorate 

Gambia 

Gold  Coast ;;;;;;; 

Nigeria ;;;;;;; 

Protectorate  of  South  West  Africa; 

St.  Helena 

Sierra  Leone ; .  .  . 

Togo ;;; ;; 

Egypt.. 

Anglo-Egyptian  Sudan 

Senegal 

Upper  Senegal  and  Niger 

French  Guinea 

Ivory  Coast 

Dahomey 

Military  Territory  of  the  Niger. .. 

Algeria 

Madagascar 

Reunion 

Tu."i« 

Eritrea 

Italian  Somaliland 

Liberia 

Morocco 

Angola 

CKpe  Verde  Islands 

Portuguese  Guinea 

S.  Thome  and  Principe 

OCEANU: 

Australia 

Guam  Island ;.;;;;;; 

Fiji  Islands ;;;;;;; 

New  Zealand ;..;;;;; 

Cook  Islands ; ; ; ; 

Tonga  Islands 

Dutch  East  Indies ; ; ; 

tE:  ;:;:;;  .•:;;::; 

New  Caledonia 

Territory  of  Papua ; 

Samoan  Islands 

Hawaii ;    ; 

__  Philippine  Islands ;;;;;; ; ; ; ; ; ; 


1918 
1918 
1918 
1917 
1918 
1918 
1917 
1917 
1919 
1917 
1916 
1919 
1917 
1917 
1918 
1917 
1918 
1917 

1916 

1916 

1909 

1917 

1917 

1918 

1918 

1918 

1918 

1917 

1917 

1918 

1917 

1917 

1917 

1917 

1917 

1913 

1917 

1917 

1917 

1918 

1917 

1917 

1917 

1917 

1917 

1918 

1917 

1918 

1917 

1917 

1918 

1916 

1917 

1913 

1917 

1916 

1916 

1917 

1916 

1918 
1918 
1917 
1918 
1917 
1917 
1918 
1916 
1913 
1917 
1918 
1917 
1918 
1919 


Imports 


Exports 


$22,000,150 

6,559,840 

7,810,258 

3,035,006 

774,875,631 

296,136,751 

59,735,959 

72.096,223 

548,389,663 

2,552,465 

3,838,062 

1,148,042,976 

51,237,228 

41,598,007 

741.120 

70,723,206 

38,144,009 

367,143,000 

4,927,094 

13,363,012 

1,266.000 

1,873,855 

1,222,408 

1,728,954 

240,829,000 

13,665,049 

5,392,296 

12,662,540 

412,296 

1,373,994 

4,611,629 

8,554,056 

4,819,302 

16,458,292 

36,609,092 

10,552,177 

249,322 

48,600.000 

1,680,908 

252,195,658 

15,293,436 

23,814,126 

924,615 

4,159,100 

2,491.357 

5,470,957 

344,025 

119,351,880 

26,399,809 

4,246,353 

40,038,096 

4,062,220 

748.378 

902,063 

62,313,014 

9,503,502 

5,310,502 

2,222,813 

6,608,094 

295,595,696 

358,146 

4,915,442 

117,934,488 

452,660 

555.449 

223,500,000 

459,536 

1,638,199 

3,488,480 

1,379,229 

1,463,700 

50,453,563 

107,774,263 


$17,519,089 

5,529,000 

3,971,800 

5,229,714 

631,021,429 

325,899,375 

96,679,791 

83,028,606 

823,574,016 

3,930,700 

1,305,729 

1,109,722,782 

41,724,930 

154,454,631 

764,308 

62,018,460 

59,951,629 

354,023,000 

4,775,320 

28,662,860 

1,715,748 

1,407,626 

9,610,888 

1,668,622 

172,286,000 

8,465,823 

2,889,984 

20,063.931 

436.408 

1,003,473 

22,412,516 

8,985,129 

5,086,009 

30,933,535 

42,427,448 

17,083,585 

266,473 

54,466,340 

2,302,541 

223,674,198 

17,208,458 

25,522,834 

546,089 

3,678,281 

2,083,219 

5,787.456 

299,998 

137,717,820 

16,758.825 

5,169,108 

25,399,692 

2,180,756 

1,170,662 

1,288,915 

24,048.991 

7,250,315 

358,408 

3,111,675 

8,121,938 

364,671,178 

131,757 

10,052,428 

138,566,273 

298,767 

601,473 

217,800,000 

523,738 

1,655,889 

3,858,840 

1,070,121 

1,557,367 

80,946,626 

122,729.238 


Total  Trade 


$39,619,239 

12.088,840 

11,782,058 

8,264,720 

1,405,897.060 

622,036,126 

158,415,750 

155,124,829 

1,371,963,679 

6,483,165 

5,143,791 

2,258,365,75S 

92,957,178 

196,052,638 

1,505,428 

132,741,666 

98,095.638 

721,166,000 

9,702,410 

42,025,872 

2.981,748 

3,281.481 

10,833,296 

3,397,576 

413,115,000 

22,130.872 

8,282.280 

32.726.471 

848,704 

2,377,467 

27,024,145 

17,539.185 

9,905.311 

47.391.827 

79,036,540 

27,635,762 

515,795 

53,066,340 

3,983,449 

475,869,856 

32.511,894 

49,336.960 

1,470,704 

7,837.381 

4,574,576 

11,258,413 

544,023 

257,069,700 

43,158.634 

9.415.461 

65.437.788 

6,242,976 

1,919.040 

2.190,978 

86.362.005 

16.753.817 

5,668,910 

5,334.488 

14,730,032 

660.266,874 

489,903 

14,967.870 

256,500.761 

751.427 

1,156,922 

441,300,000 

983,274 

3,294,088 

7,347,320 

2,449.350 

3.021.067 

131,400.189 

230..503.501 


XX 


I^^2EEElf^?£n^^±0PJ0REWN  MARKETS 


'^^^^^^^^^^O^^^^^c^,  PORBIO^  ,,,^^^^3 


Country 


Year 


North  America: 

Canada 

Mexico... 


Central  America : 

Costa  Rica 

Honduras 

Nicaragua .... 

Panama 

Salvador ... 


West  Indiea: 

Cuba 

Dominican  RepiibHo! 
Guatemala. , 

Haiti ; 

Porto  Rico...     


Argentina.  . 
Bolivia., 


South  America: 

9h 
Braiil 

Chile ;;; 

Colombia 

Ecuador... .. 
British  Guiana 
Dutch  Guiana. 

Paraguay 

Peru 

Uruguay.  ....".'.'.'* ." 

Veneiuela 


Borope: 

Austria 

Belgium. , . .    ' ' ' 
Bulgaria. ...'.'.'" 

Caecho-Slovakia. 
Denmark. 
Finland*.  .... . 

France ........ 

Germany [\ 

Greece 

Hungary...;;;; 

Italy* 

The  Netherlands 
Norway. 

Portugal . . ; ; 

Rumania 

Russia 

Spain ;;;;;; 

Sweden 

Switzerland. 

United  Kingdom ; 


Africa: 

Algeria 

Egypt 

Union  of  South  Africa. 

Asia: 

te:::; 

India  (British) 
Indo-China,  French'. 
Pereia 


Oceania: 

Australia . . . 

Dutch  East  indiei.; ; 

Malay  States.  Federated';; 
New  Zealand ... 

Philippines ; ; 

Siam 


lfote.--*Estimated 


1919 
1918 


1918 
1918 
1918 
1918 
1918 


1918 
1918 
1918 
1918 
1918 


1918 

1918 

1918 

1918 

1918 

1918 

1918 

1918 

1918 

1918 

1918 

1918 


1910 

1913 

1914 

1919 

1914 

1919 

1918 

1913 

1917 

1912 

1919 

1917 

1916 

1916 

1911 

1913 

1917 

1917 

1916 

1919 


1918 
1918 
1918 


1919 
1918 
1919 
1917 
1917 


1919 
1918 
1917 
1918 
1919 
1919 


Imports 


1127.16 
5.30 


8.46 
9.38 
8.43 
17.38 
4.68 


113.27 

27.87 

3.31 

4.20 

52.82 


61.20 
6.50 
10.52 
41.12 
4.33 
4.40 
54.80 
25.77 
10.20 
13.77 
26.81 
7.49 


90.16 
120.20 
10.60 
6.56 
73.04 
88.10 
97.05 
37.04 
14.92 
24.75 
97.73 
48.75 
137.83 
7.68 
14.65 
4.81 
11.47 
53.03 
116.59 
172.13 


21.52 
20.31 
40.31 


20.20 
2.20 
1.73 
4.30 
7.44 


90.64 

4.73 

40.10 

106.81 

11.34 

4.32 


Exports 


1161.08 
11.85 


21.17 
13.84 
11.02 
19.77 
9.36 


157.30 

31.68 

5.65 

4.40 

61.90 


97.97 
34.00 
13.11 
75.42 
6.90 
9.50 
57.17 
14.12 
10.54 
20  45 
76.09 
8.56 


79.61 
93.67 
8.53 
8.72 
79.63 
9.67 
18.38 
35.42 
8.93 
21.96 
19.40 
31.26 
99.32 
6.34 
16.44 
5.25 
11.93 
72.44 
120.97 
101.51 


20.79 
17.08 
12.76 


19.51 
2.21 
2.61 

4.88 
6.53 


103.36 

4.63 

139.30 

126.02 

12.81 

6.78 


Total 


S288.24 
17.15 

30.17 
23.22 
19.45 
37.15 
14.04 

270.57 

59.55 

8.96 

8.60 

114.72 

159.17 
40.50 
23.63 
116.54 
11.23 
13.90 
111.97 
39.89 
20.74 
33.22 
102  90 
16.05 


169.77 
213.87 
19.13 
15.28 
152.67 
97.77 
115.43 
72.46 
23.85 
46.71 
117.13 
80.01 
237.15 
14.02 
31.09 
10.06 
23.41 
125.47 
237.66 
273.64 


42.81 
37.39 
53.07 


39.71 
4.41 
4.34 
9.18 

13.97 


194.00 

9.38 

179.40 

232.83 

24.15 

11.10 


ADDENDA 

The  foUowing  information  waa  received  after  the  text  of  the  book  had  gone  to  press: 

FOREIGN  TRADE  OF  FRANCE 
(Calendar  Year  1919) 


Imports 

Exports 

Food  products 

$1,665,485,973 
2,551,794,855 
1*529,973,339 
• 

Raw  materials 

Manufactured  articles. 

Postal  packages '.!;;;;;;;;;;;; 

Total 

$187,144,959 
373.SO4.909 

1.019,767,996 
100,923,560 

15.747.254.167 

$1,681,641,424 

These  statistics  include  the  trade  of  Alsace  ]Lorraine. 

FOREIGN  TRADE  OF  BELGIUM 
(Calendar  Year  1919) 

.  Bel^an  imports  during  the  calendar  year  1919  amounted  to  $979,571  500   excluding 

loSSd'to^fc224^^^^^^^^^  .^^P^^*«  dTnftlit  samTS 

amouniea  lo  ;H4d,2J4,500.    Total  trade  amounted  to  $1,422,796,000. 

FOREIGN  TRADE  OF  THE  NETHERLANDS 

amou^tt74''s^'S^'°wV^  ""^  the  calendar  year  1919  theimporte  of  the  Netherlands 
amounted  to  $78«,d22,000,  while  exports  amounted  to  $351,348,000. 

FOREIGN  TRADE  OF  JAPAN 
(Calendar  Year  1919) 

^(\Fi  tS^  ^nf  Jk^'^  *'"*^!  °-  "^^P??  ^'^"''^  *^  calendar  year  1919  amounted  to  $2  258  - 
$M09f722^82.         ^  ''"^'''^    '""'"    "^^"^    ^*    $1,148,642,976    and    Sports    at 

Some  of  the  principal  imports  and  exports  of  Japan  for  the  calendar  year  1919: 


Rice 
Beans... 
Sugar.. . 
Raw  cotton 
Oil  cakes. 

Pulp 

Iron  bars. 
Petroleum 

Paper 

Machinery 


1919 


$79,841,850 
17,258,688 
29,057,802 

332,190,900 
66,272,346 
5,254,896 
78,064,986 
10,701,024 
90.093,480 
44,311,542 


Beans 

Waste  milk . . . 

Raw  silk 

Cotton  yams . 

Copper 

Zmc. 

Silk  tissues. . . . 
Cotton  tissues. 
Knit  goods .  .  . 
Toys 


$15,892,674 

9.911,694 

310,512,462 

57,046,298 

9.769,266 

1,459,638 

81,882,156 

139,566,492 

19,351,284 

6.393.324 


li 


XXll 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  Fnnpjn^   ^.^yp^-? 


TRADE  OF  BRITISH  INDU  BY  COUNTRIES  FOR  1918-1919 

India''fbV?he Sytr  fr'om  t'rilt  mrK*"1i%r1f  ^^"^^^  ''<^-)  of  British 
foreign  trade  of  InL  durfn"  i^ili^^\^  t^^ll^^^lX'     '^^  "^"^  "'^"''  °'  '''« 


Imports  From 


1918-19 


Exports  To 


BRITISH    EMPIRE 


La- 


United  Kingdom 

Aden  and  dependencies .... 

Ceylon .!..!! 

Straights   Settlements    (including 

buan) 

Hongkong 

Egypt ...'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'" 

Mauntius  and  dependencies  (including 

Seychelles) ^ * 

Zanzibar  and  Pemba .........] 

East  African  Protectorate! . . . 

Canada 

Australia , ..", 

Other  British  possessionis. . '. . , 


$249,801,377 
2,893,746 
9,506,342 

18,189,940 
5,783,113 
5.307,601 

8,311,434 
2,535,365 
3.461,256 
166,590 
7,039,419 
1,660,643 


1918-19 


BBITIBH    EMPIRE 


Total. 


$314,656,826 


FOREIGN  COUNTRIES 


Russia 

Sweden 

Norway 

Germany 

HoUand 

Belgium 

France 

Spain 

Switzerland 

Italy 

Austria-Hungary . 
Turkey,  A^atip. . 

Arabia 

Persia 

Sumatra 

Java 

Borneo  (Dutch).. 

Siam 

China    (exclusive 
Macao) ..... 

Japan 

Portuguese  East  Africa 

Italian  East  Africa 

United  States * 

Other  foreign  oouotri  es. 


Uni  ted  Kingdom . . 

Gibralter 

Aden  and  dependencies 

Ceylon 

Straights   Settleiiients  *  (includiMLa^ 
buan) »  ^^tr 

Hongkong 

Egypt .....'..'.'.*.".'.',' 

Cape  Colony .  

Natal....  

'^S^ctellS'*.'*^"^^''''^^^  (iiicluding 

Zanzibar  and  Pemba 

gJJ*^frican  Protectorate'. .'.'.'.['.'.'.[ 

British  West*  India  "islands 

Australia  (including  New  Zealand) 
Uther  British  po8se88ij>ns 


Total. 


rOREION  COUNTHIE8 


of    Hongkong    and 


Total. 


Grand  total. 


$15,724 

1,668,410 

2,927,823 

745 

822,529 

20,415 

5,990,527 

1.001,759 

1,488.080 

2.975,826 

49 

1,463,232 

1,291,452 

3,626.753 

186.338 

36.204.361 

1,331.5441 

1,148,027 

8,017,554 

108,759,008 

328,996 

783,121 

52,391,522 

1,302,480 


$233,74^.275 


$548,403,101 


Russia 

Sweden ' 

Norway 

Germany.  .  , 

Holland ;;;; 

Belgium 

France , , 

Spain ! 

Switzerland .  . . . . 
Italy 

Austria-Hungary. , 
Turkey,  Asiatic. . . 

Arabia 

Persia 

Sumatra 

Borneo  and  Java. . 

Siam 

Indo-China,  etc.! 
China    (excliisive 

Macao) 

Japan '[ 

Portuguese  East  Africa .  ! ! 

Italian  East  Africa 

Other  East  African  jwrta.! 

United  States 

West  Indies 

South  America 

Oceania ! ! ! ! 

Other  foreign  countries .  .  . 

Total 

Grand  total 


$226,931,421 

144^0 

6,734.766 

32,808,543 

22,782,724 

15,850,352 

47,847,025 

3.436,326 

7,295,967 

4,129.979 
1.418,343 
2,232,236 
7.841,579 
1.318,218 
23,631,438 
6,696.129 

$410,098,536 


of    Hongkong    and 


$458,363 
1.021,067 

3bi',632 

35,117 

28,771,496 

1,869,590 

494,802 

30,922,194 

479,930 

12.977,860 

5,028,400 

10,231,773 

1.122,814 

11.256,227 

3,480,226 

8,111,981 

9,092,685 

94,550,181 

3,922,951 

187,789 

1.350,097 

107.282,561 

6.003,625 

22,220,843 

1.390.078 

3,731,399 


$366,295,071 
$776,393,607 


FOREIGN  TRADE  OF  DAHOMEY 

vBh^^H^l^JiTJ^y  ^'^A^  ""^  Dahomey  in  1918  amounted  to  $11,258,413, 
valued  at  $5,470,957,  and  exports  at  $5,787,456.  ,*^o,-±io. 


Imports  were 


ADDENDA 


xxm 


FOREIGN  TRADE  OF  CHILE  1918 

Chilian  imports  in  1918  classified  by  groups  of  industries: 


Articles 


Extractive  industries: 

Mineral  products 

Lumber,  fish,  game 

Animals  and  animal  products. 
Agricultural  products. 

Total 


Articles 


1918 


Manufacturing  industries: 
Transportation  supplies . 

Foodstuffs 

Liquors  and  beverages. ! 


$9,369,014 
1,438,965 
4,599,115 

7,485,368 
$22,892,462 


$7,817,559 

12,461,381 

1,307,295 


Tobacco,  manufactured 

Textiles 

Drugs  and  chemicals 

Iron,  steel  and  other  metal  nifts! 

Machinery,  tools,  etc 

Miscellaneous  goods 


Total 

Coins  and  precious  metals. 


Grand  total . 


$496,133 
46,396,006 
14,210.580 
13,893,291 
11,891.021 
12,823.253 


$121,296,539 
14,978,&47 


$169,167,648 


Principal  Chilian  exports  for  1918,  classified  by  groups  of  industries: 


Articles 


1918 


Articles 


1918 


Extractive  industries: 

Mineral  products 

Lumber,  fish  and  game .  .  ! ! ! ! 
Animals  and  animal  products. 
Agricultural  products 


$235,176,734 

702.539 

15.971.689 

12,240,638 


Total. 


Manufacturing  indtistries: 

Foodstuffs 

Liquors  and  beverages. . 
Tobacco,  manufactured. 

Textiles 

Drugs  and  chemicals . 


$264,091,600 


$12,447,899 

167.813 

4.981 

237,728 

664.576 


Metal  goods 

Industrial  machinery .... 
Transportation  supplies. . , 
Miscellaneous  goods , 


Total 

Coins  and  precious  metals 

Total  domestic  products 

Reexports 

Total  domestic  and  foreign  exports 


$841 

5,376 

174,567 

771,456 


Share  of  each  of  the  ports  of  Chile  in  the  export  trade  of  1918: 


$14,475,237 
155.370 


$278,722,270 
13,141.060 


$291,863,267 


Ports 


1918 


Ports 


1918 


Arica 

Pisagua 

Junin 

Iquique 

Calita  Buena. 
Tocopilla.  .  .  . 

Gatico 

Antof agasta . . 

Mejillones 

Cotoso 

Taltal 

Caldera 

Chanaral 

Carrizal  Bajo. 


$2,600,730 

7,921,069 

5,636,419 

50,560,336 

18,411,012 

12,381,433 

1.467.849 

52.819,266 

37,998.517 

13.630,203 

16,094,147 

2,318,556 

97,226 

365,562 


Coquimbo 

Guayacan 

Los  Andes.  .  . 
Valparaiso.  .  . 
Talcahuano.  . 

Tome 

Penco 

Coronel 

Lota 

Lebu 

Valdivia 

Puerto  Montt . 
Punt  a  Arenas. 
Frontiers 


$742,398 

202,099 

7,454,833 

35.590,170 

6,434.621 

2,045,737 

1,154,661 

528,726 

155.479 

9.552 

129,021 

54,654 

15,075,207 

83,842 


PRODUCTION  OF  PIG  IRON  AND  STEEL  IN  GERMANY 

in  ll/sf^*'""  ^""^  ^^^  ^''*  '^''^^  "'^^^^  ^^  1^1^'  compared  with  the  corresponding  period 


Pig  Iron 


Tons 
1919 

3.974,065 


Steel 


Tons 
1918 

6,228,940 


Decrease 
Per  Cent 

36.2 


Tons 
1919 

4,647,323 


Tons 
1918 

8,943,135 


Decrease 
Per  Cent 

47 


CANADA 


NORTH  AMERICA 


DOMINION  OF  CANADA 

The  dominion  comprises  nine  provinces:  Prince  Edward  Island,  Nova  Scotia  New 
Brunswick,  Quebec,  Ontario,  Manitoba,  British  Columbia,  Alberta,  and  Saskatchewan* 
and  the  temtory  of  Yukon  and  Northwestern  Territories,  districts  formerly  known  as  Kee-' 
watin,  Rupert's  Land  and  the  Northwest  Territory.  The  total  area  of  Canada  is  3  603  - 
910  square  miles;  the  total  population,  7,206,643.  '      ' 

Population  of  principal  cities  and  towns  in  1911: 


Cities  and  Towns 


Provinces 


Montreal 

Toronto 

Winnipeg 

Vancouver 

Ottawa 

Hamilton 

Suebec 
alifax 

London 

Calgary 

8t.  John 

Victoria 

Regina 

Edmonton 

Brantfoni 

Kingston 

Maisonneuve 

Peterborough 

Hull 

Windsor 

Sydney. 

Glace  Bay 

Fort  William 

Sherbrooke 

Kitchener 

Guelph 

Westmount 

St.  Thomas 

Brandon 

Mooseiaw 

Three  Rivers 

New  Westminster.. 

Stratford 

Owen  Sound 

Ht.  Catharines.  .  .  . 

Saskatoon 

Verdun 

Moncton 

Port  Arthur 

J-'harlottetown .  .  . 

Sault  St e.  Marie... 

t^hatham 

l^achine .  . . 
Gait 


Quebec 

.   Ontario 

Manitoba 

.  British  Columbia. 

Ontario 

Ontario 

Quebec 

Nova  Scotia 

Ontario 

Alberta 

New  Brunswick 

British  Columbia 

Saskatchewan 

Alberta 

Ontario 

^tario 

Quebec 

Ontario 

Quebec 

Ontario 

Nova  Scotia 

Nova  Scotia 

Ontario 

Quebec 

Ontario 

Ontario 

Quebec 

Ontario 

Manitoba 

Saskatchewan 

Quebec 

British  Columbia 

Ontario 

Ontario 

Ontario 

Saskatchewan 

Quebec 

New  Bnmswick 

Ontario 

Pnnce  Edward  Island. , 

Ontario 

Ontario 

Quebec , 

Ontario 


Population 


. 


470,480 
476,538 
136,035 
100,401 
87,062 
81,969 
78,710 
46,619 
46,300 
43,704 
42.511 
31.660 
30.213 
24,900 
23.132 
18,874 
18,684 
18,360 
18.222 
17,829 
17.723 
16,562 
16.499 
16,405 
15,196 
15,175 
14,579 
14,054 
13,839 
13,823 
13,691 
13,199 
12,946 
12.558 
12,484 
12,004 
11,629 
11,345 
11,220 
11,198 
10,984 
10,770 
10,699 
10,299 


EXPORTERS  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Cominerce 

Trade  of  Canada  for  twelve  months  ending  December  31,  1919  (calendar  year  1919) 
compared  with  twelve  months  ending  December  31,  1918: 


Year 


Imports 


EzPOBTS 


Total  Trade 


1919. 
1918. 


$940,567,781 
906.670.404 


$1,232,255,606 
1.229,204,244 


$2,172,832,387 
2.135,874.648 


CANADA 


Ten-year  table  of  foreign  trade,  1910-1919,  for  fiscal  years  ending  March  31 : 


-^- 

Imports 

Exports 

Imports 

Exports 

IQIO          

$369,815,427 
451.745.108 
521.448.309 
670.089.066 
618.457.144 
445.446.312 

$298,763,993 
290,000,210 
307,716,151 
377,068,355 
455,437.224 
461.442,509 

1916 

$507,817,159 
845,356.306 
962.543.746 
916,443.432 
940,567,781 

$779,300,070 

lOII                 

1917 

1,179,211,100 

1012                

1918 

1.586.169.792 

1Q13              

1919 

1.207,613.806 

1014              

1919* 

1.232.255.606 

1915 

Note  (*)   Figures  for  the  calendar  year. 


Eleven  year  table  of  the  total  foreign  trade  of  the  United  States  with  Canada: 


Value  of  principal  articles  of  import  during  years  ending  October  1918  and  1919: 


Year 

ended 

June 

30 


Exports 


Domestic 


Foreign 


Total 


Imports 


Free 


Dutiable 


Total 


1909. 
1910. 
1911. 
1912. 
1913. 
1914. 
1915. 
1916. 
1917. 
1918. 
1919. 


$153,608,991 
202.548.023 
256,371.775 
314.895.910 
397,426.817 
329,791,348 
283,913,453 
445,913.463 
758,596.251 
744.084,425 


$9,839,665 
13,441,998 
13,434,238 
14.361,284 
18.022,640 
14,925.633 
16,773.359 
22,871,330 
28.580,848 
34.405,597 


Per 

cent. 

free 


Excess  of 
exports  (♦) 

or 
imports  (-) 


$163,448,656 
215,990,021 
269.806.013 
329,257.194 
415,449,457 
344,716.981 
300.686.812 
468.784,793 
787.177,099 
778,490,022 
813.723,031 


$33,309,672 

43,024,372 

46,991,271 

50,214,329 

64,006,573 

115,040,442 

136,784.408 

172,964,669 

252,671,581 

363.464.267 


$46,007,383 
52,ia3,938 
53,872,147 
58,599,039 
56,564.607 
45.649.287 
22.787,304 
31,053,558 
68,277.911 
70,790,300 


$79,317,055 
95,128,310 
100363,418 
108.813,368 
120.571,180 
160,689,709 
159,571,712 
204,018,227 
320,949,492 
434,254.567 
468,954.818 


42.00 
46.23 
46.59 
46.15 
53.09 
71.60 
85.72 
84.78 
78.72 
83.70 


*$84,131.601 
+120.861.711 
+168.942,595 
♦220,433,826 
♦294,878,277 
+184,027,272 
+141,115,100 
+264,766,566 
+466.227,607 
+344.235,455 
+344,768,213 


Value  of  imports  and  exports  showing  principal  countries  of  origin  and  destination 
during  years  ending  October,  1918  and  1919: 


Countries 


Imports 


1918 


1919 


Exports 


1918 


1919 


United  Kingdom 

Australia 

British  East  Indies 

British  Guiana 

British  South  Africa 

British  West  Indies 

Hongkong 

Newfoundland 

New  Zealand 

Other  British  Empire 

Argentina 

Brazil 

China 

Cuba 

France 

Italy 

Japan 

Netherlands 

United  States 

Other  foreign  countries . . . . 

Total 


$69,656,921 

3,967,701 

17,292,461 

5,507,911 

784,592 

8,163,475 

2,334,571 

3.123,041 

6,034,807 

1,831,137 

1,088,323 

783,960 

1,795,163 

1,699,647 

3,981,135 

653,360 

13,093,926 

675,460 

736,106,162 

17,523,698 

$896,097,451 


$81,496,784 

2.975.021 

12,011.067 

7.869,588 

948.734 

10.104.021 

1.649.900 

2,298,669 

5,198,725 

801,225 

1.981,629 

1.597.478 

1,289,570 

9,430,216 

6.562,934 

575,694 

12,443.476 

1,105,276 

714,274,832 

28.738.686 

$902,453,525 


$693,895,712 

11.150,641 

2,470,580 

2,275,881 

8.912.025 

8,370.319 

594,416 

11,109,432 

4,783,336 

2,341,496 

2,137,266 

3.885.370 

2.825,024 

4,321,161 

115,231,069 

6,440,901 

9,113.776 

1,172,499 

424,179,972 

10,760.355 

$1,325,971,231 


$524,158,948 

13,079,704 

5,783,053 

2,678,335 

10,612,343 

10,727,588 

1.240.816 

14,627,201 

6,689,116 

7,250,624 

6,942.533 

1.871.646 

3,196,885 

6,154,571 

66,484.362 

19,548,962 

9.005,454 

2,588,712 

439,341.339 

45.458.615 

$1,197,440,607 


Articles 


1918 


Animals,  living 

Articles  for  army  and  navy . 

Asphaltum  and  asphalt 

Books  and  printed  matter . . 

Breadstuffs 

Bricks,  clays  and  tiles 

Butter 

L^neese ...«•.. 

Chemicals 

Clocks  and  watches 

Coal,  anthracite 

Coal,  bituminous 

Cocoa  and  chocolate 

Coffee 

Cotton 

Curtains  and  shams 

Earthenware  and  chinaware 

Eggs 

Fish 

Flax,  hemp  and  jute 

Furs 

Hides  snd  skins 

Jewelry 

Lard 

Leather 

Meats 

Metals: 

Brass 

Copper 

Gold  and  silver 

Iron  and  steel 

Lead 

Tin 

Zinc 

Musical  instruments 

Paints,  colors  and  varnish .  . 

Paper 

Pickles  and  sauces 

Ribbons. . . . 
Rubber 

Seeds 

Settlers'  effects. .....'..'.'." 

SUk 

Soap !!!!!!. 

Stone,  marble  and  'slate .  . .  . 
Sugar  and  molasses .... 
Tea 

Tobacco , . 

Tobax-co  pipes,  etc 

vegetabes 

Vehicles....      

Vessels...      

Wood...      

Wool... 


$1,836,547 

65,003,364 

394,273 

6,748,935 

24.335,341 

4,690.016 

146.564 

103.204 

31,915,999 

2,359.727 

25.680.108 

45.029.212 

3.764,212 

1.892.447 

66.290.572 

328,392 

2,087,930 

1.086,080 

2,741,161 

14,072,374 

4,646,529 

5,592,815 

826,154 

628,487 

11,083,992 

7,812,297 

4,903,218 

6,251,066 

255,601 

150.431,690 

1.201,192 

14,900,870 
1.447,244 
3,436,476 
3,313,428 
7,857,264 
476.879 
1.766.531 

12,234,767 
2,114,972 
6,008,987 

19,245,061 
1,315,230 
2,046,999 

35,700,901 
8,315,701 

10,072,644 

712,578 

4,274,286 

19,435,946 
2,924,176 

16,248,072 

36,347,340 


1919 


$2,251,479 

11.315,558 

411.961 

9.933.509 

20.361,731 

2,572,382 

706,333 

64,083 

22.038,282 

2,736.710 

30.929.928 

33.283.016 

5.083,387 

3.036,312 

69,293,555 

397,436 

2.872.974 

961.064 

2.730.806 

12.189,027 

5.899.065 

14.342.769 

1.008.172 

631.065 

13.248.589 

19.109.466 

4.546.371 

6.610,848 

455.390 

152.576,431 

749,059 

11.433,089 

855.029 

3,355,044 

3,578,389 

9,056,774 

445.521 

1.897,426 

11,653,687 

2,107,780 

8.768.654 

23.636.355 

1.174,234 

2,537,308 

69.260,240 

5.143,916 

13.204,886 

903,012 

5,125,927 

25,634,601 

6,308,749 

19.637,957 

42,775,314 


DAMAGED  PAGE(S) 


EXPORTERS  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Value  of  principal  articles  of  export  during  years  ending  October  1918  and  1919: 


Articles 


1918 


Animala,  living 

Butter 

Cheese 

Clothing 

Coal 

Cartridges 

Other  explosives 

Fish 

Purs 

Grain: 

Oats 

Wheat 

Other  Rrain , 

Hides  and  skins 

Leather , 

Meats: 

Bacon  and  ham , 

Beef 

Canned  meats 

Pork 

Other  meats 

Metals: 

Aluminum , 

Asbestos 

Brass,  old  koA  scrap . 

GSr";::::;;::;:;;::: 

Iron  and  steel 

Nickel 

Silver 

Milk  and  cream 

Paper,  printing 

Paper,  other 

Rubber 

Seeds,  flax 

Textiles 

Vegetables 

Vemdes: 

Automobiles 

Automobile  parts 

Wheat  flour 

Wood,  unmanufactured . . . . 

Wood  pulp 

Wood,  other  manufactured . 


$21,224,857 

2,922.088 

40,078.058 

15,207,845 

9,573,414 

257,748.932 

38.571.923 

32.515.725 

9.9(M,940 

16.487.528 

229.955,129 

12.433.735 

6.613.650 

14.143.624 

39.561.691 

19.723.346 

2.146.631 

7,518.706 

1.039,723 

7366.659 

7.458,497 

1,877,018 

20.742.821 

10.907.860 

46.236.177 

10.546.035 

17,746,373 

8,166,651 

86,916.852 

6,574.527 

3.814.925 

11.660.631 

18.404,591 

11.985.313 

3,692,524 

1.202,055 

108.637,798 

63,822.510 

31.366.990 

821.441 


Total  exports . 


$1,325,971,230 


1919 


$48,603,362 
8.859.374 
29.862,286 
7.103,791 
10,264.656 
55.199,908 
16.716.168 
42.783.247 
18,344.405 

10.261.151 
130.656.092 
20.484.007 
14.660.764 
13.580.413 

70.234.400 

26,360.581 

5.027.458 

5.458.985 

2,696,366 

3,676,108 
9,332.824 
1.184.816 

15.801.603 
5,601.683 

66,748,571 
8,002,355 

17,288,142 
8,450389 

46.959.687 
9.741.389 
8.204.669 
5.280.826 

17.658.482 

12.700.883 

11,291.104 

3.526.202 

104.796.593 

85.602.681 

35.516.440 

2.376.720 


$1,197,432,807 


Production  and  Industry 
Agriculture: 

The  prairie  Provinces  of  Manitoba,  Saskatchewan  and  Alberta  form  the  granary  of 
Canada.  The  following  table  shows  the  grain  yield  in  bushels  of  four  principal  crops  in  the 
three  provinces  in  1917  and  1918: 


Grains 


Wheat 
Oats.. 
Barley 
Flax.. 


1917 


1918 


211,953.100 

254.877.200 

40.834.100 

8,538,800 


164.436.100 

222.049.500 

47,607.400 

5.776,000 


CANADA 


Total  yield  and  acreage  of  the  Dominion  for  principal  crops  in  1917  and  1918: 


Crop 

1917 

1918 

Yield  in  Bushels 

Area  in  Acres 

Yield  in  Bushels 

Area  in  Acres 

Wheat 

233.742.850 

403.009.300 

55,058.000 

5.935.000 

13.026.000 

16.157.000 

13.684.700(tons) 

262.400(tons) 

78.892.000 

3.857.000 

14.755.850 

12.313.400 

2.392.200 

919.500 

198.881 

497.236 

8.225.634 

109.825 

656.950 

211,888 

189,301,350 

380,273,500 

77.290.240 

5,972,200 

3.099.400 

35,662,300 

14,772,300(ton8) 

446,400(ton3) 

104,364,200 

8,504,400 

Oata 

17.353.902 

Barley 

14,795,336 

Flax 

3,153,711 

Peaa 

1,068,120 

Mixed  Grains 

235,926 

Ha     ind  clover 

921,826 

Alfalfa 

10,544,625 

Potatoes 

196,420 

Rye 

735,192 
555.294 

Number  of  farms  of  various  sizes  in  the  Dominion  in  1911: 


Size  of  Holdings 


Under  1  acre 

1  to  under  5  acres. 

5  to    10  acres 

11  to    50  acres 

51  to  100  acres 

101  to  200  acres 

201  acres  and  over.  .  . 


All  Canada 


Total. 


Number 

29,967 

43.710 

24,347 

88,964 

162,537 

228,236 

132,920 


Manitoba 


710.681 


Number 

1,280 

1.773 

791 

1,575 

2,103 

18,327 

20,498 


Saskatchewan 


46.347 


Number 
317 
246 
214 
729 
941 
48.366 
45.558 


96.371 


The  principal  characteristics  of  the  agricultural  industries  of  the  Provinces  may  be 
summed  up  as  follows: 

Alberta:  wheat,  oats,  barley,  flax  and  rye.  Until  1900  was  center  of  largest  ranching 
industry  on  the  continent;  this  has  given  way  to  farming,  but  is  still  important  Hog 
raising  has  resulted  in  the  establishment  of  packing  plants  at  Calgary,  Edmonton  and 
Lethbndge.    Creameries  and  dairies  are  important. 

British  Columbia:  Agriculture  undeveloped.    There  are  about  25,000,000  acres  of 
tential  farm  land,  nine-tenths  of  which  is  unoccupied. 

Manitoba:  Grain  production,  creameries  and  dairies. 

.    New  Brunswick:  wheat,  barley,  potatoes.     Dairying  extensive. 

^  Nova  Scotia:  hay  and  clover.    The  livestock  industry  is  most  important,  as  pasturage 

Ontario:  Wheat,  bariey,  beans,  potatoes,  etc.    Produces  about  one-half  the  dairy 
>ducts  of  Canada.    Fruit  is  grown  near  Hamilton,  which  is  the  garden  spot  of  Canada 
vnd  tobacco  is  raised.  ' 

Prince  Edward  Island:  Wheat,  bariey,  oats,  etc.    Center  of  fur  trade,  silver  fox  beinir 
raised  on  about  350  ranches.  * 

Quebec:  WTieat,  oats,  etc.    Center  for  raising  French-Canadian  cattle.    Extensive 
dairy  industry.  ^i-cuaivc 

Saskatchewan:  wheat,  oats  and  barley.    Has  a  well  developed  dairy  industry. 
..vestock: 

2'lfi<f,\T'f'^*^-^°'^'^'"^'''*^-    Co^'S,  3,202,283.    Other  cattle,  4,718,657.  Sheep 
2,369,m    Swine,  3  619,382.    There  were  4,060  ranches,  with  a  total  of  5,689,464  acr^ 

rli      K-    ^"J  '"  Saskatchewan,  2,507,527  acres  in  Alberta,  391,170  acres  in  British 
Columbia,  and  64,399  acres  in  Manitoba.  ,        ,  es  in  uritisH 


6 


EXPORTERS  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  Jtf^B^T^T.c 


Mineral  Production: 

undeXelTr'e  I-ITS^^^^  i-  deposits,  largely 

lead,  copper,  coke  and  coal.    New  BmSk'is  rich  in^  ^T"^^  «^^^  ^"^  silver. 

and  manganese.    Gold,  silver   coDDeTTnn  ^H.  i     "^°°'  building  stone,  copper,  gypsun^ 
worked  in  Ontario.    Asbestos,  ma^esito    X^^^^^^  °^*^^  ?^«  are  exSvely 

sulphur  and  various  kinds  of  stoneStitute  th;  nwT.  /'''•'  ^f^^^f'  ««^d,  copper. 
Coal,  u-on,  gold,  copper,  gypsumV  maneanesr  f ,^  f  ""^""^  products  of  Quebec 

in  Nova  Scotia.  ^  manganese,  tungsten,  and  stones  and  clays  are  worked 

Mineral  products  of  Canada  in  the  calendar  years  1916-1917: 


Minerals 


ton 


ton 


Actinolite 

Antimony,  Refined.'.'.'.".". \u 

Antimony,  Ore 

Arsenic,  White,  and  Arsenic  in  Ore 

AsbestoB ■  •< 

Asbestic •• 

Barytes ............'  «• 

Bricks,  Common ....    ■%!« 

Bricks,  Pressed '.'.'.'.'.'.'..'.  •• 

Bricks,  Paving •• 

Bricks,  other •• 

Cement,  Portland ...'.'.'..'. xiuin 

Sri^;::;;;:;;;;:;::::----^- 

Cobalt,  Metallic  contained  in  Chride 

etc '  T  K 

Copper ::::;; j;p- 

Corundum '  '  " "  rw,"' 

Feldspar '.['.'.['.'.'.'.]'.'.""  » 

Fire  Clay  and  Products .  .    .....  | 

Fire-proofing  and  Architectural  ferr'a- 

Cotta •• 

Fluorspar rp^_ 

Gold..". :::::: o° 

Graphite '.  .ll'.'.'.]'.'.  []"  Ton 

Grindstones •• 

Gypsum j •• 

Iron  Ore  (Exj)ortsj ....!... " 

Kaolin „ 

Lead, 


Lime. 


Lb. 


i^"^*= Bush. 

Manganese TnrT 

Magnesite .::;::: ° 

Mica .. 

Mineral  Water. • 

Molybedenite it 

Natural  Gas v*  _,,V^ 

Nickel Mcu.ft 

Oxides 4;''°; 

Peat ■"::::::::::::::; - 

Petroleum bkIo 

Phosphate ■.".:;;:: ^°'^- 

Pig  Iron,  from  Canadian  Ore 

Platinum ' "  n. 

Pottery .'.■.■.■■."." • 

Pyrites rp* 

Quartz ^^^ 

Salt .'.".'.*.".".'.'."],'."".' 

Sand  and  Gravel •• 

Sand-Lime  Brick .... xr^ 

Sewer  Pipes 4 ' 

Silver...    '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. o' 

Slate. .....    ".*".'.".".". '.Squares 

Stone,  Granite "M»«»rco 

Stone,  Limestone  .  « 

Stone,  Marble | 

Stone,  Sandstone • 


Talc. 


Ton 


Tiles,  Drain j' 

Tripolite T«.. 

zi°^ :::::::::::::;:  u^ 


1916 


Quantity 


250 

107,185 

885 

2,186 

133.439 

20,710 

1,368 

237,034.675 

44.947,089 

1,589,893 


5,369,560 

27,517 

14,483,395 

840,536 

117,150,028 

67 

19,488 


1,284 

930.492 

3,955 

3.478 

342,915 

140,608 

1,750 

41,497,615 

5,493,250 

957 

55.413 

1.208 


156.461 

25.467,458 

82,958.564 

8.811 

300 

198.123 

203 

115,691 

15 


309,251 

136,745 

132.903 

8,1.56,207 

16,540,747 


25,459,741 
1.262 


13,104 


620 
23,364.760 


Total . 


Value 


S2.750 

41.823 

94.537 

262.349 

5.199,797 

29.072 

19,393 

1.826,844 

492,355 

30.144 

21.102 

6,547.728 

311,460 

38,817,481 

924.590 

31,867,150 

10.307 

71.407 

234,562 


361,555 
10,238 
19,2.34,976 
325,3(12 
52,782 
738,593 
393,689 
17,500 
3,532.692 
1,0<U.463 
89,544 
563.829 
255,239 
127,806 
156,461 
3.958,029 
29.035.498 
58.711 
1.500 
392,284 
2.514 
1.328.605 
600 
61.069 
1.084.095 
251.226 
717.653 
1,838,320 
12G.235 
716,287 
16,717,121 
6,223 
1,247,267 
2,224,091 
118,810 
146,244 
49.423 
359,387 
12.139 
2.991.623 


•177.201.534 


1917 


Quantity 


Value 


120 


774 


144,185 

9,595 

958 


$1,320 


4,768,488 

36,352 

14.015,588 

1.089.134 

108,860,358 

188 

11.493 


4,249 

747.366 

3.714 

2,279 

339.418 

169,192 

533 

32.072,269 

6,338.212 

158 

58.090 


271,530 

26,465,586 

84,470.970 

9,372 


205,332 


46,022 
49 


403,243 

205.851 

138,909 

7,157,279 


50.476 
709.937 

7,215.389 
18,688 
16.000 

2,017,046 

589,406 

7,699.521 

490,001 

47,643,646 

1,742,014 

29,588.254 

32.153 

54.555 

210,838 

441,369 
68.756 
15,449.426 
402,892 
44,037 
887,170 
690.336 
9.594 
3.571.889 
1.517,918 
14,836 
728.275 
350.732 
145.276 
271.530 
5.003,342 
33,778,388 
81,685 


478.937 


22,150,680 
1.422 


15,812 
'3i.'227,35i' 


768,783 

5,090 

122,878 

1.586.091 

440,444 

1.047,792 

1.908,773 

143,393 

778,159 

18,034,419 

7.789 

613,588 

2,291.692 

55.820 

260.322 

76,539 

434,465 


2,779,547 


$193,271,816 


CANADA 


Fisheries: 

The  Atlantic  coast  line  of  the  Dominion  is  over  5,000  miles  long,  while  the  British 
Columbia,  or  Pacific  coast,  is  over  7,000  miles  long.  Sahnon  and  halibut  fishing  are 
important  industries  of  the  west  coast;  and  the  lobster  fisheries  of  the  Atlantic  coast  are  in 
the  aggregate  the  most  important  in  the  world.  Oyster  beds  are  located  in  the  Gulf  of 
St.  Lawrence.  Fresh  water  fishing  is  extensively  practised.  The  provinces  engaged  in 
the  fish  industry  in  the  order  of  their  importance  are  British  Columbia,  Nova  Scotia,  New 
Brunswick,  Quebec,  Ontario,  Manitoba,  Prince  Edward  Island,  Saskatchewan,  Alberta 
and  the  territory  of  Yukon.    Details  of  the  fisheries  are  given  in  the  following  table: 


Description 


Sea  Fisheries 


No. 


Value 


Inland  Fisheries 


No. 


Value 


Total 


No. 


Steam  fishing  vessels 

Sailing  and  gasoline  vessels 

Boata,  sail  and  row 

Boats,  gasoline 

Carrying  smacks 

Gill  nets,  seines.trap  and  smelt  nets,  etc 

Weirs 

Trawls 

Spears 

Skates  of  gear 

Hand  lines 

Lobster  Traps 

Lobster  canneries 

Salmon  canneries 

Clam  canneries i .  . 

Sardine  canneries 

Freezers  and  ice-houses 

Smoke  and  fish-houses 

Fishing  piers  and  wharves 

Whaling  stations 

Oil  factories 

Fishing  huts  and  cottages,  etc. . . ! . .  ! 

Scows,  pile  drivers,  etc 

Eel  traps 

Crab  traps 

Salmon  traps !..!..! 

Halibut  dories 


46 

1.277 

22,900 

11.936 

567 

153,381 

777 

21.930 


Value 


$815,874 

3,490,939 

1,017,141 

3,359,767 

306.381 

3.334,727 

562.570 

251,959 


125 


Total,  1916-17 

Total,  1915-16  was 


3,000 

74.310 

1.493,157 

644 

86 

20 

7 

885 

8.966 

2,677 

4 

1 


617 


440 
2 

46 


47.500 

65.408 

1,602.980 

653.275 

3,301,648 

30,100 

399,000 

2.680,523 

1.584.710 

2.179.797 

175,855 

43.500 


4,377 
892 


$654,530 


304 


210 
7.726' 


53,010 


4.400 
6,000 
4,600 


25.971,664 
23.260,456 


136,570 
316.315 


1,150,542 
52.970 


616 
'l"2",96i 


613 
212 
252 


58 
234 


280,533 
15.728 
73,995 


171 

1,227 

27.277 

12,828 

567 


62,000 
"538 


2,757,298 
2,595,119 


1.081 

21,930 

210 

3,000 

82.030 

1.493,157 

644 

86 

20 

7 

1,478 

9,178 

2,929 

4 

1 

58 

617 

2:}4 

440 

2 

46 


$1,470,404 

3.490.939 

1.153.711 

3,676,082 

306.381 

4,485.269 

615,540 

251.959 

616 

47,500 

78,369 

1.602,980 

653,275 

3,301.648 

30.100 

399,000 

2,961,056 

1,600.438 

2.253.792 

175.855 

43.500 

62,000 

53,010 

538 

4,400 

6.000 

4,600 


28.728.962 
25.855.575 


Number  of  persons  employed  in  the  industry: 


Numlier  of  men  employed  on  vessels. . 
Number  of  men  employed  on  boats.  .  . 
Number  of  men  employed  on  carrying 

smacks " 

Number  of  persons  employed  "in  fish 

nouses,  freezers,  canneries,  etc 

dumber  men  fishing  (not  in  boats) . . 


Total 


7.669 
51.591 

813 
25.294 


85,367 


Forest  Resources: 


710 
8,106 


386 
73.5 


9,937 


8,379 
59,697 

813 


735 


95,304 


British  Columbia  has  an  estimated  forest  area  of  50,000,000  acres  and  produces  all 
merchantable  woods  and  pulp  woods.     Quebec  with  100,000,000  acres  of  forest,  has  the 

11  l^rJr  '  ^""^^  '"^  ^^"^^^'  ^"""^  '^  *^®  ^*'«^'*^  producer  of  pulpwood.  Alberta  has 
HKnT'iTu^"""^  ^""""^^  producing  pruce,  pine,  cottonwood,  and  poplar.  Manitoba  has 
aoout  1U,000  square  miles,  producing  principally  spruce.     Nova  Scotia  produces  spruce 

70  on^'^'  ^'''^;  r""^^'  ™*P^®  ^""^  ^^""^^  ''''  ^^^"*  8'^  s^^a^e  miles.  Ontario,  with 
/u,uw,OUO  acres  of  forest  area,  produces  spruce,  pine  and  poplar.     The  Yukon  has  large 

P^v  ^^  .  7*^*®  ^"""^  ^^^""^  'P""^^^'  ^^^'^""'  P^P^a^  a°d  birch.  The  forest  area  of 
i-nnce  Edward  Island  is  about  316,000  acres. 


8 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN 


MARKETS 


Wood  pulp  production  of  Canada  in  1916: 


Province 


Quebec 

Ontario '  * 

New  Brunswick. . 

Nova  Scotia 

British  Columbia 

Total 


Cords 
used 


924,272 

637,612 

79,594 

14,437 

108,997 


1.764,912 


Value 


$6,840,489 

5,016,425 

591,705 

76,040 

579,799 


$13,104,458 


Avg.  Val. 
Per  Cord 


$7.40 
7.87 
7.43 
5.27 
6.32 


I  Pulp  Prod. I 
Tons 


686,694 

473,014 

43,374 

14,437 

78,655 


$7.42         1,296.084 


Kinds  of 
Wood 


Spruce 
Balsam  Fir 
Hemlock 
Poplar 
Jack  Pine 


Quantity 
Cords 


1,203,557 

433,154 

82,307 

6,177 

39,717 


Value 


$9,219,414 

3,167.311 

483.633 

41.699 

192,405 


1.764.912    $13,104,458 


Manufactures: 

in  n.  tKe.  „e.  H3S0  ....h.ent  SlTeatl^  tt  B^^^rt- If " 


Capital  invested 


Employees  on  saiari'ea  "(number) I   •1.994,103.272 

Salaries  paid 52,683 

v^e7;sr.''^,^^:'^''^'^^^^'^'o^^^^  60,308,293 

Cost  of  materials. 

Value  of  products .' 


462,200 

229.456.210| 

802,133.862, 

1.407,137,140, 


$2,772,517,680 

73,598 

95.983.506 

,   619.473 

,  457,245,456 

1.602,820,631 

3,015,506,860 


$778,414,408 

20.915 

35.675.213 

157.273 

227,789,246 

800,686.769 

1.608.369,729 


The  gross  value  of  goods  made  in  Canada  in  1  Qi  7  or«       ,.  j  .    ^ 
cost  of  materials  was  $1,602,820,631,  lea^^g  anetlle  aTd"d  K    1'  ^'^^^'^'^69,  and  the 
of  11,412,686,239,  or  S5,449.098  m;re  iZTeZZ^^^^^ 

twenty  leading  industries  with  the  gross  and  net  TlL  n  Tk      P^^^^^^^o'^  in  1915.     The 
in  order  of  precedence:  ^^^""^  ^^  *^«*^  production  are  here  given 


Flour  and  Grist  mill  products 

Stef I  furnaces  and  rolling  mills    

Slaughtermg  and  meat  packing     

Log  products 

Munitions '  . ' 

Pulp  and  paper 

Butter  and  cheese 

Cars  and  car  works 

Bread,  biscuits,  and  confectioiierv 

Sugar,  refined " 

Smelting 

Foundry  and  machine-^hop  'products 

Iron  and  Steel  products    .    .  

Building  and  contracting ...      

Automobiles 

Slaughtoring.  not  including  meat  pkcking"  ' 
rloots  and  shoes .... 

Electric  light  and  power!  .* .' 

Leather,  tanned,  curried  and  finished 

ii.Iectnc  apparatus  and  supplies  


$224,191,735 
170.679.000 
153.279.252 
115,884,905 
112.866.838 
96,340.324 
85. 731.. 339 
78.564..527 
77.223.5K1 
73.32«).260 
69.262.673 
66.94.'-.,483 
58.797.766 
54,668.2.55 
54.466.273 
53.441,466 
49.170.062 
44.536.848 
41.117,128 
40.204.245 


$40,604,799 
62.040,044 
36,082.497 
75.159.877 
70,240.235 
61.627.462 
13,719.662 
39,884.077 
33,022,111 

20.149.349 

33..59 1.253 

43.322.382 

26,777,534 

32,927,335 

18,880.453 

14,771.901 

22.389,519 

44,536,848 

14,492.651 

20,046.238 


Sl,720?00"^\1dt7ST^^^^  -  value  of  production  were 

cent  of  the  grand  total  for  the  Domhiion  '''^'^'^^^y  57  per  cent,  and  51   per 


CANADA 


Number,  capital,  amount  expended  in  materials  and  value  of  products  of  the  groups 
of  industries  of  Canada  according  to  the  Census  of  1916: 


Group  of  Industries 


No.  of 
Establish- 
ments 


Capital 


Employes 


Cost  of 
Materials 


Food  products 

Textiles. 

Iron  and  steel  products 

Timber,  lumber,  etc 

Leather  and  products 

Paper  and  printing 

Liquors  and  beverages 

Chemicals  and  allied  products 

Clay,  glass,  and  stone  products 

Metals  and  products  not  otherwise 

specified 

Tobacco  and  manufactures 

Vehicles 

Vessels 

Hand  trades 

Other 


Totals  for  1915 


6.472 

2.671 
851 

3,187 
524 

1.306 
341 
255 
772 

1.173 

166 

464 

103 

1.584 

1.437 


Value  of 
Products 


21.306 


$199,205,254 

126,490,509 

195.877.015 

263.588.882 

60,269.498 

138,.544.786 

52.283.857 

52.248,.588 

96,376,573 

174.621.994 
23.066.898 

125.965.499 
12,331,341 
32.099,855 

441.132.723 


$1,994,103,272 


62,335 
74,451 
59,361 
68,370 
22,586 
37,064 
5.392 
12,429 
15,767 

29,792 
9,613 

36,825 
5.531 

19,099 

56.268 


$301,618,217 
81.429.429 
59.207.670 
59.212.349 
45.201,497 
29,324,906 
10.129.252 
24.930,308 
10.971,641 

45,931.080 
16,017,707 
40.741,113 
3.035.857 
18,2.54,178 
56.324.658 


514.883  I  $802,135,862 


$388,815,362 

144.686.605 

120,422,420 

123,396.686 

71.063.644 

74.038,398 

34,859,927 

45,410,486 

27.244.813 

90,943,278 
28.987.250 
73.878,212 
8.419,648 
40.729,180 
134,268,231 


Distribution  of  industrial  establishments  employing  more  than   five 
provinces,  according  to  the  latest  available  statistics: 


$1,407,137,140 


persons,   by 


Total  1916 


Establish- 
ments 


Capital 


Canada , 

P.  E.  Island 

Nova  Scotia 

New  Brunswick .  . 

Quebec 

Ontario 

Manitoba 

Saskatchewan. . . , 

Alberta 

British  Columbia. 


Salaries  and 
Wages 


Raw  and 

Partly  Mfg. 

Materials 


Value  of 
Products 


15.593 
261 
781 
630 
5,743 
6,538 
499 
238 
282 
621 


$1,958,705,230 
1,841.690 

125.754,562 
45.970.488 

530.312.464 

946.619.114 
94.690.750 
14,736,860 
41.198,897 

157,580,405 


$283,311,505 

543,954 

17,175,818 

8,767,230 

80.324,17  1 

140,609.691 

13,389.-)r.9 

2.440.062 

4.791,281 

15,269,729 


$791,943,433 

1.499,066 

36.194.004 

21.314.643 

213.754.115 

410,670,537 

38.529,386 

7,417,166 

20,699,967 

41.864.549 


$1,381,.547.225 

2.586.823 

69.345.819 

37.303,900 

381,203.999 

715..531.839 

60,481.446 

13,3.55.206 

29.416.221 

72,  .32 1,972 


Railroads : 

K  •    ^iL'^nr^M® '°  ^l"®  PT'"^^"  ^""^  ^^  standard  gauge  (4  feet,  83^  inches),  the  total  length 
being  38,604  mUes,  of  which  3,944  miles  are  State  owned. 

Post  Offices:  There  were  in  1916,  13,057  post  offices,  of  which  4,690  issued  money  orders. 
Telegraphs: 

In  1916  there  were  55,316  miles  of  telegraph  lines,  of  which  11,843  were  owned  by  the 
government.    Telegraph  offices  numbered  4,621. 
Telephones: 
of  \\I^^  ^^D^ber  of  telephone  instruments  in  use  (1916)  was  548,421,  with  1,600,564  miles 

Radio: 

Npw  R.!f  ^^  M®^^  Z^^^^'^  Stations.    Long  distance  stations  were  located  at  Glace  Bay, 
x^ew  Briton,  Nova  Scotia,  and  at  New  Castle,  New  Brunswick. 
Money,  Weights  and  Measures: 

t2  «nH'll'''''^''^''''"■®''^^  "^  *^®  '^''"^'"  ""^  ^^  ^^^*«-     The  government  issues  notes  of  $5, 
i/lp^oii        ,^^^?^  can  issue  notes  only  of  $5  or  more.     The  value  of  English  sovereim 

miSur^  T^^t'^Ty.  f^^'"''  *^'  ^T'^  "*  ^^^O'     ^he  English  system  of  wefghtraS 

STimlnH'  ''i^^o^'  "'''T^^^?  *^''^*'  ^'  ^^  *^^  ^^"^^^^  8^^^«'  th«  hundredweight  is 
equal  to  100  (and  not  112)  pounds;  the  ton  in  Canada  is  of  2,000  pounds. 

raTer^^^°^*'    Service  extends  to  Canada.    Limit  of  weight  4  pounds,  6  ounces.    Domestic 

Money  orders:     Issued  on  domestic  form. 
International  Reply  Coupons:     Issued. 


*  < 


i 


10 


NEWFOUNDLAND  AND  LABRADOR 

dependency  of  Newfoundland.  PopX.onJ  iSl^f  1^".'  ^^''^  «<»"»«  '""^).  i^  a 
Chief  towns  of  Newfoundland  arfst  Joh  °  L^  7^^""'''''';'*'  ^^^'^^^'  °^  ^^rador,  4,073. 
4,279;  Bonavista.  3,9,1;  CarW  ^^^SnglTst'""'  '''''''  """""^  ''""'''• 

Ther^ateT^^tTCS.^^^^^^^^^^^^^^  -  •>»^.  -tatoe.  ea.ba.,  etc. 

built,  the  latter  centering  at  GraLd  FalWd  fi^p^  fI"'"*'  ""^  ""'"  "^  "^^^  ''««" 

The  tr  of-^JK^^Ztrr:^'^;^^^^^^^^^^^  "^-"^  --^  ««-  •--  been  located. 
100,447;  swine,  27,575.  Fishing "  TosuZ'rtfr^  '^^'  ''*"'^'  *''^7;  «•>««?. 
were  engaged  in  it.     In  the  same  year  t^ere  wT  '°''"'''^''  '°  '^ll,  67,040  persons 

and  5,376  mechanics.  ^  "*  "''"  enumerated  2,915  farmers,  2,260  miners 

Commerce 
and  L^r  '^"^  "^  '"^  '"''^  ^"■^'^^  *-<^^  of  t-e  United  States  with  Newfoundland 


1909. 

1910. 

1911. 

1912. 

191.3., 

1914.. 

1915.. 

1916.. 

1917. 

1918.. 

1919.. 


$3,936,449 
4,063,4'J4 
4.590,4.58 
4.567.734 
4,846,623 
5,697,1281 
5.328,629 
6.994.884 
9,814,274 
9,428,467 


$3,194 

11,308 

13,924 

18,688 

41.995 

37,898 

23,999 

128,957 

112,779 

227,677 


$3,939,643 
4,074.802 
4,604.382 
4,586.422 
4,888.618 
5.735.026 
5,352.628 
7,123.841 
9,927,a53 
9,656,144 

14.545,065] 


$524,422 

385,185 

527,960 

420,771 

465,709 

1,022,947 

1,216,005 

1,586.503 

2,588.098 

6.059,080 


$623,653 
844.503 
952,975 
860.451 
686,166 
292,332 
175,663 
280,185 
405,332 
159,224 


$1,148,075 

1,229.688 

1,380,935 

1,281,222 

1,151,875 

1.315.279 

1,391,668 

1,866.688 

2,993.430 

6.21S..304 

6,032,781 


45.68 

31.32 

38.23 

32.84 

40.43 

77.77 

87.38 

84.99 

86.46 

97.44 


*$2,791.568 
♦2,845,114 
*3.223,447 
*3.305,200 
♦3.736.743 
♦4,419.747 
+3,960.960 
♦5.257.1.53 
♦6.9.3.3.623 
♦3.4.37.S40 
♦8.512,284 


Principal  articles  of  import  for  years  1914-15  to  1916-17: 


Beef  (salted) 

Butter.. .  

Coal 

Flour '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 

Cottons,  woolens,'  silks'  linens 'and  a'Diia'r^i 
Leather  and  leatherware  aPParei 

Mo  Wr  ^*'°"'  '^^^^y  "material")  •.•.■;: 

Pork ■; 

Salt '.'.'.'.'..'.'. 

Sugar. .  

Tea  ■ .  .'l'.'.ll[[['.'.l[[ 

Tobacco ] . .  ^ 

Wines  and  spirits. 


$465,940 
168,145 
849.189 
2,168..579 
1.079.967 
368.688 
885.033 
218.282 
642.911 
112.485 
373,085 
205.731 
115.999 
60.635 


$554,009 
172.373 
935,734 
2.474.891 
2.014.662 
596.664 
1.113.191 
339.502 
609.245 
225.513 
497.261 
353.153 
177.245 
89,871 


$895,532 
158,645 
990.431 
2,939.599 
2.920.146 
714.029 
2.270.658 
466.356 
1,106,774 
274.663 
682,862 
316.183 
210,539 
64,499 


NEWFOUNDLAND  AND  LABRADOR 


11 


Value  of  imports  from  principal  countries  of  origin  from  1912-13  to  1916-17: 


Country 


1912-13 


1913-14 


1914-15 


Austria 

Argentina 

Belgium 

Brazil 

British  West  Indies . 

Canada 

Ceylon 

China 

Denmark 

France 

Foreign  West  Indies. 

Germany 

Greece 

Holland 

India 

Italy 

Japan 

Malta 

Norway 

Portugal 

Russia 

Spain 

St.  Pierre 

Sweden 

Switzerland 

United  Kingdom. . . . 
United  States 


$2,417 


15,156 

177 

308.351 

5.215,577 

140,251 

219 

5.983 

14,206 

2.399 

33,842 

43,801 

46,581 

17,072 

744 

337 

462 

15.623 

18,664 


$4,650 


26,542 

31 

222,801 

4,861,047 

99,421 

3 

3,953 

16,636 

2,999 

59,345 

35,484 

47,320 

9,066 

839 

737 

127 

6,948 

19,970 


$1,517 

15,412 

4,735 

397 

214.202 

4,509.827 

132,011 


Total. 


123,858 

10.510 

9,484 

1,380 

4,405,103 

5,573,733 


113,541 

10.535 

10,593 

5.608 

3,826.529 

5,796,906 


$16,012,365 


$15,193,726 


26 

4.645 

1,387 

10,343 

22.505 

24.269 

12,276 

6,344 

407 

36 

9.842 

9,295 

870 

83,215 

20,101 

11,042 

1,385 

2.311.945 

4.943.752 


$12,350,786 


Values  of  exports  to  various  countries,  1912-13  to  1916-17: 


Country 


Algeria 

Argentina .' , 

Australia 

iaelgium 

Brazil .'    " 

British  West  Indies . 

Canada 

South  Africa ....... 

China [[ 

Columbia 

Costa  Rica ...... 

Denmark .'...' 

France 

Foreign  West' Indie's. 

Germany 

vjrreece . . 

Holland.;;; 

Italy....;::::;;;  • 

Madeira .  . 
Malta 

^oTway ::::: 

ranama 

Portugal . 

Cl_      •       *         

spam . . 

St.  Pierre:::;:::::: 

Sweden . . 

United  kingdom; ; '. 

United  States 


1912-13 


$450 

'4;i45" 

3,150 

2,589,605 

504,963 

2,260,348 

151 

100 

•     ••••••■•a 

486 

6,387 

536 

88,674 

305,224 

284,216 

148,671 

1,158,861 

34,713 

16.585 

3,550 

1,251.160 

1.240.394 

10.071 

2.700 
3.427.026 
1.330.667 


1913-14 


$620 

102,161 

6,476 

3,250 

3,240,487 

526,331 

1,971,809 

206 

4,023 

975 

7.348 

1,972 

71,232 

293,573 

403,662 

176,991 

1,087,858 

18,028 

16,405 

362 

2,482 

988,930 

1,260,649 

8,868 

3.125 

3.256.446 

1.679.362 


1914-15 


$996 

•  •■••••■■■a 

5.755 

"isw.sii* 

533.468 

1,394,663 

86 

" "  19.869 ' 

739 

1.500 

3,381 

13,922 

264 

346,799 

45,430 

897,929 

5,755 

9,169 

155 

1,'023,798' 
1,269,030 
10,684 

'3,'l9'6;.353' 
1,537,385 


$15,134,543 


$13,136,830 


1915-16 


1.109 
252 


350.139 

6.870,456 

201,962 


3 

5,062 
1.415 


38,231 

16.949 

23,666 

2,626 

482 

103 

15,575 

12.186 

77 

175.570 

19,902 

11.595 

2.566 

2,579.614 

7,097,779 


$16,427,336 


1915-16 


$2,458 

•     ••••■•■■a 

6,310 

"3,"l89;746' 
682,925 
2,021,972 


15,346 
21 

"2,"27'9;769' 
2,021,496 
3,789 

*4,582;379* 
2,540,606 


$18,969,493 


1916-17 


5 

508,885 

7,412,300 

221.029 

16 

58 

2,679 

2,253 


20.983 
2,736 
8.421 
1.739 
2,962 


20.755 
38,996 


168.925 

19.286 

29.026 

3.324 

2.620.033 

10.233,899 


$21,318,310 


1916-17 


$650 

i'2;899 

'2,59V,  i27 

987,201 

2,042.117 


to* 

3,565' ■ 

'£,iiii 

250 

4,314 

28,924 

43,366 

"2'6'5'.437" 

"■"U(S9',484" 

127,772 

174,658 

'2,'09'8;589 

23,733 
6,005 


2.919,928 

2,575,069 

13,296 

4,83"6;674 
4,047,842 


$22,381,762 


12 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN   MARKETS 


l\ 


w 


Principal  articles  of  export  for  the  years  1914-15  to  1916-17: 


Articles 


Dry  codfish 

Herring,  pickled .  .  . 

Herring,  bulk 

Herring,  frozen.  . . . 

Salmon,  pickled 

Lobsters,  preserved . 

Cod  oil 

Refined  cod  oil ....  ] 

Seal  oil 

Seal  skins. . 

Whale  oil ',[',[] 

Copper *  * 

Iron  Pyrites...'.*.".'.*, 

Iron  ores 

Lumber 

Pulp  and  Paper  .* .  " 


1914-15 


1915-16 


1916-17 


$7,332,287 
414,278 
96,425 
40,306 
74,910 
92,228 
434.709 
35,837 
292.513 
376,343 
53,327 
39,000 
18,625 
563,189 
1,166 
2,196.413 


$10,394,041 

$12,876,847 

«53,085 

993.741 

133,053 

79.937 

90,006 

49,784 

47.182 

41,297 

148,303 

107,293 

682,334 
254.562 

910.079 
471,629 

403,640 

619,819 

206,449 

433,791 

57.669 

46,233 

111.440 

204^07 

917,741 

99*2,618 

31.008 

147.495 

2,999.377 

2.14S.205 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures:  As  in  Canada. 
Railroads: 

mi  JVSatlr"  '''  """  °'  «°""""*"'  '--■  «-«o  3^  f-t.  -d  forty^ven 
Post  Offices:  Seven  hundred  and  thirty-eight. 
Telegraph  and  Telephone: 

There  are  4,524  miles  of  telegraph  line;  and  926  miles  of  telephone  line 
Parcels  Post: 

>2  eS::tTit"^ctrrr^.^rri\rti^^^^^^^^^  "rrt  «- 

durmg  the  months  of  July,  August  and  SepteXt  '"  ""'''  ^  ''"^'"^'^ 


ST.  PIERRE  AND  MIQUELON 


foundLd  "^h  rTa  omM"  is  te  °  '■"'"  ^""'^  ""^  *°  »"«  -"">  «-'  of  New- 
of  Miquelon  Groupie  :  gh tyl^^h^  ^quTre  m^-™  "',  ■:"'"'?"'"'  ''"'  '■"^-  ^he  area 
three  square  miles^otal  populaton  4  652  ""}^-'^r^"°"'  l^"-  «3;  total  area  ninety- 
chief  town  is  St    Pierre    wh.I  K       '      ■  '^'"°^'  "*  possessions  of  France.     The 

Halifax.    The  iL^  T^ng  ;ictairbir*"T  """""""^  """  ^'^  «'<^«^  ^"^ 
principal  industry  is  cod  fehfn?wht^hrr°"^  "'  """""^  *"  agriculture,  and  the 


MEXICO 


13 


MEXICO 

A  republic  in  North  America,  lying  immediately  south  of  the  United  States 
Jersey   ptnT,1  ^**/^'=<'J^,''''o"t  equal  to  that  of  the  New  England  states.  New  York,  New 
cSa  Sr  ■"';•      r""'  ^''^'"'"'   ^''''  ^'"^'^'   ^^'^''^d,  Kentucky,  korth 

The'^m'iLt'!  °°'^  *'"'  ""^"^  '"  ^*"''°'  *''^  ""y-  °'  ^'"°"'«f.  a^d  the  dry,  or  winter. 
P^ce^Te  r  ™"''  ^''^  "*"*•  '^''^  "''™^^*  """"ths  are  April  and  May,  which 
Sr  vlri„t  ''  fr"  *"'*"'''"'^  ''"^  '""«  *°  November.  The  central  plat  au  has 
greater  vanat.ons  of  temperature  than  the  lowlands,  and  the  nights  are  always  cool. 

agricilJju,^""!?'  ;'«''^*"^f°f. Mexico  are  mining,  the  exploitation  of  the  oU  fields,  and 

wheat  tohJ.n  T^„    ag™"ltural  products  are  corn,  cotton,  henequen  (sLi  hemp) 

Seal  Plant.  coH  "^i  I""'  """"P"'  "'-"f'«=t«""g  industries  consist  of  the  meta  I 
lurgical  plants,  cotton  mills,  breweries,  paper  mills  and  packing  houses. 

reach'rC^lrrd'SmTn;'  ""  °'  ''^  ""''^  """"'"-^  «°  ^^^  ^^^ '«  ^^-^--^ «" 

P  riance,  and  was  one  of  the  most  important  of  our  foreign  markets. 
been^'Sy  S^d"  wHh°'  *"'  """"'''  "  '''''  ''"'  ^'"^^  *''^°  '*^  development  has 


14 


41 


r  I 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OFJOREiaviu.r>..r- 


AB,encan  country,  with  the  exception  of  Cuba  and  A^glnlLa  '^  '°  '^^  °'''"  ^*'"- 

imports  to  $5.30;  exportTtTtlllr        '^       ^       '"'**''  *''^*  '^°"°t<^  *<>  «7.1S; 
rp.  Area  and  Population 

the  al?ormo'"f^'l!ot°  °'  *'^  ''^**''  ^^""°"-  -<»  ^-"^-l  District,  according  to 


Chihuahua 

Sonora ] 

Coahuila 

I^wer  California. 

IHirango 

Oaxaca *  * 

Yucatan. . . . ." 

Jalisco [[[[ 

Tamaulipas  ..,.*" 

Vera  Cruj *  .*  * 

Sinaloa .' ' ' 

Chiapas .'.','* 

Guerrero [[ 

Zacatecas * ' 

San  Luis  Potosi .  * 
Nuevo  Le6n . 


89,974 

76,619 

63,728 

58.328 

42,265 

35,382 

35,203 

33,496 

31,758 

29,283 

27,552 

27,222 

24.995 

24,457 

24,000 

23,678 


405,265 
262,545 
367,652 
52,244 
436,147 
1,041,035 
337  020 
1,202.802 
249,253 
1.124,368 
323,499 
436,817 
605.437 
475,863 
624.748 
368,929 


Michoac^n . 
Campeche . 
Puebla.... 


The  population  of  the  chief  cities 


Tepic . 

Guanajuato 

Tabasco 

Mexico 

Hidalgo ." ,' 

Quer^taro.  .  .  .  ' 

Aguascalientes . 

Morelos 

Colima 

Tlaxcala 

Federal  District 


22,636 

18,086 

12.203 

10,951 

10,948 

10,072 

8,849 

8,575 

4,492 

2,969 

2,733 

2,172 

1.594 

579 


467,097 


991,649 
85,795 
1,092,456 
171,837 
1,075,270 
183,708 
975,019 
641.895 
243,515 
1 18,978 
179.814 
77,704 
183,805 
719,052 

15.063,207 


Mnnf^ro,r  7Qr:oo.T,'...  '  ^"^^.^^-^^jara,  119,468;  San  Louis  Potosi,  68,022;  Leon,  57,722- 

;  M^rida,  62,447 
Aguascalientes, 
48,633;  Toluca, 

estimate  does  not  take  into  accLntX^facXt  ^S^kT^^'T  "'  ^  >*'  '*''*-  •"«  ^is 
amount  of  Indian  blood.  """^  "'  **  '*'"*«  Population  has  a  large 

Statistics  of  Mexican  foreien  traHo  a^^f-'*  u  » 

thetotalforeigntradeof  Mercofn T9trsS2^^^^^  '""^  '''''    ^^  ^^^  of 

to  $82,235,019  and  exports  to  $183,652  7^5  ^^^^'^^'^^'    ^^  *his  total,  imports  amounted 


Year 

ended 

June 

30 


Value  of  the  total  foreien  trade  of  the  United  Stat^  ^>K  M..„„  ,..  „,,,„  ^^^. 


Exports 


Domestic 


1909 

1910 

1911 

1912 

1913 

1914 

1915 

1916 

1917 

1918 

1919 


149,117,067 
57,345,549 
60.247.097 
51,961.408 
52.952.421 
37,080,868 
32,219,9231 
46,366,035 
77,336.643 

105.168.145 


$676,256 

848,155 

1.034,618 

885,721 

1.431.003 

1.667.925 

1.944.524 

1.579,484 

1,667,954 

1.908,888 


$49,793,.323 

58,193.704 

61,281,715 

52,847,129 

54,383.424 

38,748,793 

34.164,447 

47,945,519 

79,004,597 

107,077,033 

119,962,982 


$37,517,986 
48,441.499 
47.713,167 
53.085,903 
63,922.151 
83.770.616 
66,479,605 
83.075.356 
98.560,865 

121,967,230 


$10,194,228 
10.354.444 

9,736,944 
12.829.410 
13,621,691 

8,919,950 
11.133,086 
14.601,188 
13.577,812 
18,692,312 


$47,712,214 
58,795,943 
57,4.50,111 
65.915,313 
77.543.842 
92,690,566 
77.612.691 
97,676.544 
112.138.677 
140,659,542 
157,693,457 


78.64 

82.39 

83.04 

80.54 

82.43 

90.38 

85.66 

85.05 

87.90 

86.71 

•   •   •   •   •       I 


♦$2,081,109 
-602,239 
♦3,831.604 
-13,068,184 
-23,160.418 
-53,941,773 
-43,448.244 
-49.731,025 
-33.134.080 
-33,582.509 
-37.730.475 


MEXICO 


15 


Imports  from  principal  countries  in  1918  (values  in  United  States 


currency) : 


Country 


Country 


United  States. . . 
United  Kingdom 

Cuba 

Spain 

Hindostan 

Guatemala 

Italy 

Switzerland 

Japan 

China 

Nicaragua 


$70,576,314 
4,787,725 
1,377.351 
994,577 
652,533 
510,053 
332,323 
223,923 
166,335 
164,744 
129.603 


Honduras 

Argentina ,[[ 

Peru " 

Salvador * " 

Java 

Ecuador '.'.'.'... 

Dominican  Republic 

Venezuela 

Colombia 

Costa  Rica , 

Other  countries .... 


$94,112 
93,665 
86,935 
69.063 
58.243 
47,917 
42,969 
29,249 
26,157 
25,863 
1.736,366 


Imports  by  major  classifications  during  1918  (values  in  United 


States  currenc3'): 


Classes 


Classes 


Animal  products to  qq^  qo« 

yegetabfe  products .....' it'q^Ht 

Mineral  products. .  18.992,998 

Textiles 

Chemical  products. 
Alcoholic  be 


Jeverages. 


14,404,460 

14,326.997 

5,319,312 

618,616 


Paper,  all  kinds 

Machinery  and  accessories 

V  ehicles 

Arms  and  explosives .  . .  * 
Miscellaneous [][ 

Total 


1,535,236 
5,625,905 
3,299,730 
1,111,098 
7,009,731 

$82,235,019 


United  stats  c™;;.'""""^  '°  ''''  '^°''"*^  *°  ''''"'•'^   ^^   (»82.235,019 

eurrei5,':fth- a^s  trror^ror.r'^.enrt'^^T^^'^  '^-^^ 

$893,916;  France  X3  240     Thn  Iw  *^«y»"40,122,  Great  Britam,  $2,361,204;  Spain. 

^     ,axu,  rrance,  96,z^[).     Ihe  chief  exports  were  minerals  Sll^i  ^^-i  9ftn  ..f  Ju-  I      T 
leum  amounted  to  S,7fimnmn   o^-    u      i         ,   ^""^^rais,  9Liii,&Z6,2iiO,  of  which  petro- 

and  manufactu,^  prS   J^ef^S"™  ""'"^^  '''''''•'^'  '^^"*<'<"^-  ""'SeWS. 
for  the"C  mSmM^Sr  '"  "'  ""'"''"''  *'°"°*""  *'"'  "^  --'^  ^^-ons 


Principal  Countries 


United  States 

Germany . .  

United  Kingdom 

1*  ranee 

Spain [[[ 

Belgium..  [.'.** 

Italy 

India 

Austria-Hiin^a^ 

Switzerland^.!^ 

Canada  

Chile.  ,  .    

Netherlands 

Japan 

Norway     

China...:: 

Sweden .  .  .  : : 

■^gentine.  . • 


1910-1911 


1911-1912 


$56,573,492 
12,781,095 
11.984,485 
9,336,642 
2,839,288 
2,155,837 
1,188,452 
1.049,411 
1,093,390 
725,788 
384,861 
281.580 
282.993 
230,461 
269,198 
213,355 
188,863 
358.978 


1912-1913 


$49,212,836 
11.922,609 
10,753,154 
7,809,138 
2,950,217 
1.639,630 
974,731 
971,490 
1,045,399 
782.278 
482,289 
204,337 
272,762 
279,700 
217,631 
207,819 
363,143 
409,891 


$48,643,778 
12.610.384 
12,9.^0.046 
9,168,977 
5,265,320 
1.401,718 
942,080 
1,430,519 
950,580 
946,083 
151,722 
168,827 
334,746 
448.684 
254,525 
194.969 
375,712 
611,244 


16 


f| 


^XPOHTER-S  OAZETTEER  OF  tOnElGX  MARKETS 


World  Diviaiona 


North  America. . 

Europe 

Asia 

S«nith  America. . 

West  Indies 

Africa 

Oceatiia 

Central  America. 


1910-1911 


1911-1912 


Total. 


|56.n'>S.3o4 

43.234.0,55 

1..'>71.3.«1 

746.4«>2 

101.  two 

1M,906 
73.078 
97.712 

1102.937.136 


$40,605,126 

39,035,729 

1,523.069 

788,097 

81.955 

55.861 

61.272 

49,146 

»91.331.155 


1912-1913 


WS.795.501 

45.617.186 

2,138.616 

959,106 

123,664 

90.245 

94,419 

67,432 

197,886,169 


Imports  by  major  classifications  for  the  same  period 


MinCTal  substances 

>  ejretable  substAnces. . . 

Machiner>-  and  apparatus.' ' ." 

i^^  if  *u*^  mantifacturea  therei>f ." ' 
Amm&l  substances     . 

Ca^o^*°'^  Pharmaceutical  products 
^ars,  cama^s.  wagons,  etc  . 

« ines.  spirits,  etc 

Paper  and  manufactures. 

Arms  and  eiplosivw .■." .' 

AusceUAneous 

Total 


$26,015,294 
10.300,111 
12.005.588 

12.320.135 
8.71ti,62o 
6.495.125 
4.547.603 
3.406.673 
2.S04.470 
1.606.2S4 
4,819.228 


$23,355,989 
15.642.782 
11.691.906 
10.640.786 
8,233,156 
6.037.044 
2,300.445 
3,372,042 
2.560.385 
2.604.172 
4.802.448 


$23,723,453 
15,784.772 
12.249.341 
12.943.176 
9.025.709 
6,308.513 
2.553.314 
3.425.892 
2.643.876 
3.868.784 
5,359,339 


Export,  for  the  same  period  by  world  divisions  and  prineioal  countries: 


World  Divisions 


1910-1911 


1911-1912 


North  America. . 

Europe '/[ 

West  Indies 

Central  America . . . '. 

Oceania ' 

South  America 
Asia.  . 

Total 


1912-1913 


$113,167,055 

31,648.271 

1.105.415 

901.385 

34.687 
20,006 


$146,876,819 


$112,729,956 

34,079.5.')0 

979,005 

1,078,827 

84,909 

33,221 

9.096 

$148,994,564 


$116,761,622 

31.214,968 

886,066 

1.227,552 

103*640 
8,960 


$150,202,808 


Principal  Countries 


1910-1911 


1911-1912 


1912-1913 


United  States 

United  Kin^om. . 

Germany 

France.'. 

Belgium 

Spain 

Cuba 

Canada 

British  Honduras! . 

Guatemala 


$113,167,055 
17.941,176 
4,354,171 
4,654.939 
3,680  792 
792.150 
1.102.185 
917.862 
412.159 
413.677 


$112,729,956 
20.099,328 
6,158,365 
4.164.911 
3.177,322 
1.180,286 
968.713 
678,345 
412,457 
398,585 


•116,017,854 

15,573,551 

8.219,009 

3,575,509 

2,575,624 

1.091.413 

863,938 

743,768 

688,685 

413,154 


MEXICO 


17 


Exports  by  major  classifications  for  tho  same  period 


Articles 


1010-11 


1911-12 


1912-13 


Mineral  products 

Vegetable  products.  . ,  . 

Ammal  products 

Manufactured  products. 
Miscellaneous 


Total. 


$90,002,983 

45,033.fK)l 

8.401.070 

1,804,835 

1,034,331 

$146,876,820 


$93,103,401 

41.70:i,475 

9.030,598 

3.301.789 

865,301 

$148,994,564 


$94.824,.305 

42.071.477 

0.018.916 

1,672.633 

815,477 

$1.50,202,808 


Production  and  Industry 
Mexico's  greatest  natural  source  of  wealth  lies  in  her  mineral  lands.  Coal  Ls  mined  at 
Coahmla,  copper  in  Lower  California,  Michoacan,  Coahuila,  Sonora,  and  Puebla;  petroleum 
near  Tampico,  on  the  Isthmus  of  Tehuantepec,  Tuxpam,  Minititlan  and  the  Papantla 
Distnct,  and  m  the  gulf  coast  district  from  Matamoras  to  Campeche;  gold  and  silver  are 
mined  in  large  territories. 

Petroleum  production  for  fifteen  years: 


Year 


Barrels 


Year 


1905.. 
1906.. 
1907.. 
1908.. 
1909.. 
1910.. 
1911.. 
1912.. 


Barrels 


300,000 

500,000 

1,000,000 

3,481,000 

2,765,000 

4,099,000 

13,655,488 

16,844,066 


1913 

1914 

1915 

1916 

1917 

1918 

1919  (estimate) 


24.574,500 
25.725.403 
32.910,508 
40.000.000 
55.000,000 
03,.s28.S.36 
80.000.000 


The  Republic  of  Mexico  now  ranks  second  in  the  world  in  the  production  of  petroleum. 

The  oil  fields  in  Mexico  are  located  in  the  states  of  Tamaulipas,  San  Luis  Potosi  and 
Vera  Cruz,  m  a  strip  of  territory  varying  from  fifty  to  one  hundred  miles  wide  along  the 
Oulf  of  Mexico.  Among  the  most  important  producing  areas  in  the  coastal  fields  are  those 
of  Ebano,  Panuco,  Topila,  Tepetate-Casiana,  Los  Naranjos,  Cerro  .^zul,  Alazan,  Potrero 
del  Llano  and  Alamo.  Water  has  begun  to  encroach  on  the  fields  of  Alazan,  Potrero  del 
Llano  and  Tepetate,  and  while  these  fields  may  yet  produce  a  large  amount  of  oil,  the  end 
of  their  productivity  may  be  said  to  be  in  sight. 

in  ccHZ'J^  '""  ^'f'"!:  ^^^  T"^^^^  companies,  of  which  only  27  produced  petroleum 
m  commercia  quantities  during  the  year  of  1918.  The  estimated  potential  daily  production 
of  all  the  wells  in  Mexico  was  1,592,740  barrels,  while  actual  daily  production  was  174  872 
barre  s  this  representing  10.98  per  cent,  of  the  potential  production.  There  have  been 
completed,  located,  or  are  now  drilling  in  the  Republic,  a  total  of  1,056  wells  as  foUows- 


Number  of  Locations 

WellaDrillinK.  

Productive  Wells.  .      

Wells  Abandoned  (Unproductive)' 


131 

114 

209 

27 


Wells  Abandoned  (Exhausted) 
Wells  Abandoned  (Dry  Holes)  '. 


Total . 


64 
421 

1.056 


r.rJ^[^^^  ^^  productive  wells  in  Mexico,  it  is  estimated  that  95  per  cent,  of  the  annual 
production  is  produced  from  62  wells.  ^ 


barrels. 


From  1901  to  1918,  inclusive,  there  was  produced  in  Mexico  a  total  of  285.910.7 


98 


18 


^^^^^^:^^:^-^^i^iiEE±2ijoRmG^^ 


pJ:^TT^,^^,:Z^  °^  ^-^^.396  .a^U.  Which  3ho..  .„  .„e.ase  ove.  the 

are  operated  on  the  Gulf  coast  It  pZZIZZZ^''  """.T  '"^'^-  '^°  "'^'^^^^^ 
plant  each  at  Vera  Cru.  and  Minititlan.  Tn^dluonlVh'  '^''  ^f^'^'  ^here  is  also  one 
fcur  new  plants,  three  of  which  may  beTo^^MTrl  '^^'^^'^"''•'^'''^i'^Prohct 
be  built  at  Port  Lobos.  It  is  interesfini  1!  .  .v  ^'"P""''  while  the  fourth  wiU  Drobabl v 
from  Mexico  in  ,918,  l7,m^^Z^l':::lt::;l^^^'^^-^9e,.rreU^^^^^ 

Mining  is  prosecuted  in  24  out  of  ^i  of  * 
gives  the  amount  of  capital  invested  in  tLf  f''     ^^''"^O"^'  and  a  recent  estimate 
S499  000,000  is  from  the'unitXats  S^7  2^"^  -  ^647,200,000,  of  which  amoun 
129,400,000  is  Mexican.    The  total  nlSronf^  ""     "'^'^'  «10,000,000  is  French,  and 
fr    '  7^.'/'"'''  "^^^  ^  ^^^  area  of"^^^^^^  .^^'^^  7^^^-,  ^^Id  at  the  beginning  of 
from  1887  to  1918  was  as  follows :  ^'      ^^^  production  of  gold  and  silver 


1877-78. 

1878-79. 

1879-80 

1880-81 

1881-82. 

1882-83. 

1883-84 

1884-85. 

1885-86. 

1886-87 

1887-88 

1888-89. 

1889-90 

1890-91 . 

1891-92 

1892-93 

1893-94 

1894-95   . 

189.5-96 

1896-97    . 

1S97-9S.. 

1898-99 

1899-00.. 

1900-01 

1901-02.. 

1902-03 

1903-04 

1904-05   . 

1905-06.  . 

1906-07 

1907-08.. 

1908-09.. 

1909-10. 

1910-11..' 

1911-12..  ' 

1912-13.. 

1914 

1915 

1916 

1917 

1918... 


Silver,  Troy  Ot. 


35,510 
41.915 
44,800 
48,164 
44,527 
45,450 
60,185 
43,477 
31,295 
32.491 
31,597 
32.554 
33.335 
43,789 
51,110 
60,397 
59,195 
225,654 
289,409 
326,320 
360,710 
444.529 
382,101 
443,625 
472.406 
478.771 
548.728 
684.405 
877,195 
880,918 
976,403 
1,081,312 
1.163.563 
1,192.147 
1.169.782 
930,174 


.65 
.02 
.64 
.60 


*736,956.16 
869,882.49 
929,753.49 
999,576.17 
924,093.02 
943,256.97 
1.041,512.73 
902,334.41 
649,494.37 
674.306 
655.757. 
675,611 
691.827 
908,773.06 
1.060.723.35 
1,253,453.53 
1.228,494.93 
4,6.33,069.62 
6,006.197.65 
6.772.230.40 
7.485.917.95 
9,225,442.93 
7,722,333.36 
9,206,690.31 
9.903,983.49 
9,936,073.82 
11.387,907.53 
14,203,656.49 
18.204,684.03 
18,281.949.12 
20,263..592.63 
22,440.810.46 
24.147.754.19 
24.740.977 
24,276,816 
19,304,166 
18.000,000 
1 4.000,000.. „ 
7.690.700.00 
9.000.000.00 
10.000.000.00 


Value 


.96 
.06 
.53 
.00 
.00 


Copper  production  from  1912  to  1918  in  .h.r,  tons: 


19.500,051 

19,734,302 

21.634.587 

22,952.631 

22,956,305 

23.215.003 

24.88.5,169 

26.086.699 

26.857.694 

29,468,930 

30.908,753 

32.463.018 

30.742,859 

32.876.610 

36,978.328 

43.374.523 

45.702.193 

45.697.431 

47.895.454 

60.003.858 

65.076.148 

56.920.496 

65.120,.563 

68.387.578 

66.945.824 

65.015.173 

64.676.598 

62,061.823 

59.426.785 

56,491.232 

69.097.790 

73.602.973 

72.514.069 

74.047.341 

80.106.994 

67.824.693 

27.546.752 

39..570.000 

22.838.400 

31,214.000 

40.000.000 


J12.418.451. 51 
12.567.632  00 
13.777,813.49 
14,617,199.00 
14.619,538.99 
14,784,288.49 
15,847,920.50 
16.613.105.51 
17.104.107.01 
18,767.051.99 
19,683.991.49 
30,873,813.00 
19.578.343.60 
20,937,205.51 
23.548.078.00 
27.622.717.00 
29,105.074.99 
29,102.042.50 
30,501.8,36.01 
31.844.5.56.00 
35.074.802.97 
36.249.361.49 
35.109.457.01 
37.163.203.00 
36,265,491.49 
41,404,391.49 
41.188.773.00 
39.523.573.00 
37,802.802.63 
38.554.413.50 
42.683,452.03 
38.538.048.58 
38.185.942.07 
40.439.364.66 
44.814.217.60 
42.817.792.31 
45.000.000.00 
39.000.000.00 


MEXICO 


Lead  production  for  ten  years: 


19 


Vear 


Short  Tons 


Year 


1909. 
1910. 
1911. 
1912. 
1913. 


Short  Ton3 


130.071 
133,048 
137.347 
132,276 
68,343 


1914 

1915. 

1916. 

1917. 

1918. 


Not  available 
Not  available 
24,200 
58,230 
97,537 


Ranking  next  to  mineral  wealth  in  point  of  importance,  but  with  an  annual  production 
of  greater  value,  is  agriculture.  Ten  per  cent,  of  the  land  is  capable  of  cultivation  without 
irrigation,  20  per  cent,  requires  irrigation,  and  70  per  cent,  is  incapable  of  cultivation 
There  are  about  120,000,000  acres  of  land  devoted  to  grazing,  30,000,000  acres  devoted  to 
cultivation,  and  44,000,000  acres  of  forest.  The  methods  of  agriculture  in  vogue  throughout 
Mexico  are  antiquated.  The  principal  products  are  corn,  cotton,  henequen  (sisal  hemp) 
sugar,  wheat,  coffee,  tobacco,  guayule  and  beans.  * 

Cotton  flourishes  principally  in  the  central  states  of  Durango,  Coahuila  and  Chihuahua 
m  the  states  of  TamauHpas  and  Vera  Cruz  on  the  gulf  coast,  Oaxaca,  Guerrero,  Sinaloa 
Sonora  and  Lower  California  on  the  Pacific.     The  average  crop  has  been  estimated  at 
10,000,000  pounds.     In  normal  times  almost  the  entire  crop  is  consumed  within  the  country 
The  latest  statistics  report  139  cotton  mills  in  Mexico  containing  762,149  spindles  and  27,019 
looms,  employing  34,500  operatives  and  consuming  about  162,000  bales  of  cotton. 

Henequen  is  grown  principally  in  the  state  of  Yucatan;  sugar  is  grown  principally  in  the 
state  of  Morelos.     India  rubber  is  being  cultivated  in  the  states  of  Vera  Cruz   Chiapas 
and  Oaxaca,  guayule  in  the  state  of  Durango.    The  sap  of  the  agave  or  maguey  tree  is 
drawn  for  the  production  of  a  native  drink  known  as  ''pulque." 


Stock  raising  is  extensively  practised  in  the  central  region  of  the  republic, 
cattle  census,  which  was  made  in  1913,  was  as  follows: 


The  last 


Head 


Head 


Cattle. . . 
Horses . . 
Mules. . . 
Donkeys . 


5,304,165 
872,544 
340,016 

298,416 


Sheep. 
Goats. 
Hogs., 


3,458,124 

4.240.916 

641,074 


The  chief  manufacturing  industries  are  iron  and  steel  foundries,  guayule  rubber 
factories,  cigar  and  cigarette  factories,  cotton,  wool  and  other  textile  mills,  breweries  and 
distilleries,  factories  which  manufacture  soap,  candles  and  chemical  products,  paper  mills 
Hour  mills,  explosive  manufactories  and  packing  houses.  ' 

The  industrial  census  of  Mexico  begun  in  1917  has  not  as  yet  been  completed   the 
returns  covering  only  nineteen  states.    These  returns  show,  for  states  covered,  a  total  of 
«Qo     f  ^^7f  ^"^^'^ts  of  varying  importance,  classified  as  follows :     Production  of  foodstuffs 
t)98  estabhshments;  textile  industry,  213;  mining  industries,  614;  electric  industry  40  and 
misceUaneous  industries,  2.245.    The  approximate  total  paid  up  capital  of  all  these  industrial 
enterprises  is  $135,000,000,  and  the  number  of  workmen  employed  is  85,000. 
^       Tlie  principal  shoe  factories  are  located  in  Mexico  City,  Le6n,  Guanajuato  and  Guadala- 
jara,  but  smaU  factories  exist  in  all  the  states,  owing  to  the  large  supply  of  raw  material 
ine  brewmg  of  beer  is  an  important  industry  the  principal  breweries  being  located  in 
Monterey,  Mexico  City.  Orizaba  and  Toluca.    The  largest  textUe  mills  are  located  in 


20 


—^^^^^'^l-^^^^II^E^o^FoaEia^^^ 


f 


Mexico  City,  Puebla,  Jalisco,  Orizaba,  Querttaro  anH  <?      t    •    „ 

of  cigaiB  and  cigarettes  is  carried  on  n  Sr^tv  ^  m"^  ^°*°''-  '^''^  -""nufacture 
modem  methods  and  machineiy.    There  are  s^f'n  "  '"'^  ^"^"''^  '''^  the  most 

miportant  ones  being  for  the  most  pa^  ored  bv  A J^"/^  ™?"  """^  '"  ^'«^'=°'  "^e  more 
Money  and  Banks :  ^  American  mterests. 

Until  the  revolution  the  Mexican  CSnv„rr,  .  • 
paper  currency  in  circulation  having  beenZlThv  '^T  T  '"'"'""''  P^P*'  """M-^y.  the 
been  granted.  During  the  revolutirhoweve,  iT^"'^^'^  *°  ''^'"^  concessio.^  had 
money  to  the  amount  of  700,000,0(X)  pesos  bSwhiKT"*'""'^'  P"'^  i»"«d  P«Per 
bon.  The  other  contending  parties  Sise^^^llt:!'  '^'"^ ^"^ °° «««""">» of  redemp- 
June,  1916,  the  Carranza  Government  de^eld  ttlt'f l""""'""  °'  P""^^  ''""^'"'J  •  I" 
no  longer  compulsory  tender,  and  establish^  a  reL™^'  ""™'""'  previously  issued  was 
(0.05  Umted  States  currency)  to  the  p^  ademption  rate  of  fO.lO  Mexican  silver 

In  the  meanwhile  a  new  issue  of  njinof.  f    ♦!. 
the  rate  of  $0.20  Mexican  silver  ($0.lS  S  sLT""'  "'  ^'«».000  Pesos  was  made  at 
or  non-counterfeitable  issue.    The  monetary  unk^rT'^u  ^'"""'  "^  '^'  "^IsiflcabUe. 
There  are  20,  10  and  5  peso  gold  piecT  a"d  a  sub,;>    '''  ""*  ""^^^  P*^°  "^  »«» ""'a-os 
P.eces  (sUver).  2  and  1  centLo  ^eceT'cbronze    anf  ^  7'"^^°'  '"■  ^  ""-^  ">  "^-'-o 
peso  IS  worth  approximately  $0.54.  °'*^  *■"*  ^  «™tavo  pieces  (nickel).    The  gold 

According  to  a  statement  issued  bv  tho  M«,-       m 
standing  obligations  normallv  equivalent  to  ^7^  IloT'^  Department,  there  are  out- 
of  an  external  debt  of  286,944,251  pes^^  a^  SX    M«  ,^''^  """""^y-  "'"'«  "P 
terest  due  on  both  debts.  ™"'  ''*''*  °f  138,795,550  pesos,  and  the  in- 

Railroads: 

the  National  RanTai^Me;^o,"l'LrL^^^^^^^^  T"^''^  'y'*^^  "f  the  country, 

which  operates  the  main  trunk  iines.    The    oLnlr^'°"'™"*'' ''^  »'''' «°vernment 
Mexico  approximates  9,000  miles.  ^^  °'  standard  gauge  railroad  in 

Telegraphs,  Post  Offices,  etc.: 

-dSl^rSSS'"''''*^'' «"•■«"'"'-•■•.<«»  2,.,,,..,  .«,„ 

United  States  consular  officials  arp  «jfnf.v^«  a  *  4 
(AguascaUentes),  Chihuahua  (Chihuahua),C  udad  jlrtTh'h  ^"l^T'"^'  ^8'««<-''''™te, 
Ensenada  (Lower  CaUfornia),  Frontera  TabteT  C^^H^^  """"^o  (°"™8o). 
(Sonora).  Mexicali  (Lower  California),  M«co  fS^l  ^^"^f"'""  W^'isco),  Guavma^ 
Sonora),  Nuevo  Laredo  (Tamaulipi),  S^nS  Slwf  ,^'^r° '*°'''' ^°'^=''- 
Salma  Cruz  (Oaxaca),  Saltillo  (Coahuila)  SarT,,if^/  ^S  "''  ^"^^  (Yucat.ln), 
(Tamaulipas),  Torre6n  (Coahuila),  Ve  a  Cruz  (Ve,^  C  ,  ^"  ^"''  ^°'^'^'  ^ampico 
moros  (Tamaulipas),  and  Mazatlak  (sinaloa)  '  '^''"^'"""<>  (Colima),  Mata- 

Mexican  consular  officials  are  stationed  at  ri,ff„„    r,      . 
Nogales,  Phoenix,  Tucson,  Yuma  Mobf  ^0,1  i       '  ^"«^'  «lobe,  Jerome    Naco 

Stockton    Denver,  Jacks;nZ  '  Sul^  cCg'^'iT  O  V'''"  ""'T'  ^"  ^-^-: 
Kansas  City,  St.  Ix>uis,  Columbus,  Sant«  Fe   Buffi   nTw  V  T^-^"'"™^'   ^< 
Philadelphia,  Pittsburgh,  Manila  San  T>„n  *'  """fa'"'  New  York,  Cincinnati,  Portland 
Pass,  El  Paso,  Fort  Worth.  Galve;ton  H  dalgo  727   P  ^T^  '^''™*'"-  ^'  «-   S 
San  Antonio.  Zapata,  Salt  Lake  City!  ^'^^^i:Tn^:.Z' ^^T^^^^^  ^^ 


MEXICO 


21 


Language:  Spanish. 
Local  Advertising  Media : 

Among  the  local  advertising  media  in  Mexico  City  are  two  large  daily  newspapers  of  a 
progressive  character.  There  are  also  a  number  of  smaller  daily  newspapers  and  eight 
general  weekly  papers,  one  of  which  is  published  in  EngUsh,  and  four  Spanish  magazines. 
There  are  three  monthly  magazines,  a  monthly  automobile  review,  an  agricultural  journal, 
a  medical  journal,  an  aviation  review  and  a  sugar,  tobacco  and  coffee  paper. 

There  are  three  dailies  published  in  Guadalajara,  two  in  Chihuahua,  two  in  Mazatlan, 
four  in  Merida,  six  in  Monterey,  which  also  has  a  commercial  magazine,  two  in  Pueblaj 
three  in  Tampico,  which  also  has  a  weekly  magazine,  four  in  Vera  Cruz,  one  in  Orizaba 
and  one  in  San  Louis  Potosi.    There  are  numerous  other  papers. 
Shipping  Routes: 

New  York  &  Cuba  Mail  S.  S.  Co.  (Ward  Line). 

American  and  Cuban  S.  S.  Line. 

Rail  routes  via  Laredo,  Eagle  Pass,  El  Paso  or  Nogales. 
Customs  Tariff: 

Most  articles  are  subject  to  specific  duties  based  usuaUy  upon  weight.    Gross  weight 
legal  weight  and  net  weight  of  shipments  must  be  given.  ' 

Consular  Regulations: 

Consular  invoices  are  required  in  quadruplicate  for  steamer  shipment.  In  the  case  of 
rail  shipment  the  railroad  company  takes  out  the  invoice  at  the  border.  Packages  may  be 
marked  with  either  stencil  or  brush;  weights  need  not  be  marked.  Consular  blanks  cost 
$0.15  per  set.  Certification  of  each  set  of  invoices  costs  3  per  cent,  of  the  value  declared* 
the  minimum  charge  is  $0.50.  ' 

Postal  Rates: 

United  States  domestic  letter  rate. 
Parcel  Post: 

Service  extends  to  Mexico.    Limit  of  weight,  20  pounds.      Rate,  12  cents  per  pound 
or  fraction  thereof.    A  dehvery  fee  of  5  cents  is  collected  on  all  parcels.    A  surtax  of  25 
per  cent,  of  the  import  duties  is  imposed  upon  all  goods  imported  by  parcel  post. 
Money  Orders:  Not  issued. 
International  Reply  Coupons:  Issued. 


It 


22 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


BERMUDA 

Bermuda  .s  a  British  naval  base,  but  owes  its  importance  to  its  popularity  as  a  winter 

^r  pX  [ j;^~-  .xro:[^:  r  e-^  :^^^ 

S  ZllStTsS  ""  "^  ^■'^^^  ^'^'^  -  Cam^^retrtstT^:nTeS 

Son  Tw'^.llTh^r  ^"*«;,"'^°'^  °^  ^™"'''''  ^'^•'  ""*  t''*  B«°k  of  N.  T.  Butt^rfield  & 
Son,  Ltd.,  both  local.  Bdls  of  exchange  are  issued  by  the  government,  which  is  also  author- 
«ed  to  issue  paper  currency.     Money,  weights  and  measures  are  as  in  GreaTBritar 

pretrvi:Trisr  ."rSarof"^^^^^^^^^ 

Commerce 
Value  of  the  total  foreign  trade  of  the  United  States  with  Bermuda  for  11  years: 


Year 

ended 

June 

30 


Exports 


Domestic 


Foreign 


Total 


Imports 


Free 


1909 

1910 

1911 

1912 

1913 

1914 

1915 

1916 

1917 

1918 

1919 


$1,064,917 
1,186.750 
1.280,756 
1.419.367 
1.400.012 
1.427.719 
1,460.690 
2.103.958 
2.704.611 
2,230.115 


Dutiable 


Total 


$98,709 

137.209 
76,875 
47,353 
66,400 

186.097 
25.260 

123,273 
24,626 
49.491 


$1,163,626 
1,323.959 
1.357.631 
1.466.720 
1.466,412 
1.613.816 
1,485,950 
2,227,231 
2.729.237 
2.279.606 
1,977.179 


Per 

cent, 
free 


Excess  of 
exports  (♦) 

or 
imports  (-) 


$46,279 

59,374 

71,103 

73.579 

71,775 

239.484 

274.766 

390.701 

632.992 

550.215 


$431,426 
532,149 
528.413 
549.288 
411.461 
455.935 
226,146 
317.979 
314.997 
154.325 


$477,705 
591,523 
599,516 
622,867 
483,236 
695,419 
500,912 
708.680 
947,969 
704,540 
1.476,954 


9.69 
10.04 
11.86 
11.81 
14.85 
34.44 
54.85 
55.13 
66.78 
78.10 


$♦685,921 

♦732.436 

♦758.115 

♦843.853 

♦983.176 

♦918.397 

♦985.038 

♦1,516,551 

♦1.781.268 

♦1,575.066 

♦501,225 


Value  of  imports  from  the  principal  countries  trading  with  Bermuda  in  1916  and  1917: 


Country 


1916 


1917 


Count  rj' 


United  Kingdom 

Canada \ 

Other  British  Possessions. .  . 
United  States 


1916 


1917 


$556,892 

397.620 

50,772 

2,557,006 


$232,288 

700.437 

70.353 

2.271,583 


Other  Countries, 
Total 


$8,830 
$3,57V.i26 


$3,372 
$3,278,033 


iiltrZf  "^"^""  '""^^  from  Canada  are  barrels,  cheese,  fodder,  pr^erved  fish, 


BERMUDA-GREENLAND 


The  exports,  with  the  exception  of  potatoes  and  onions,  are  unimportant.    There  are 
practically  no  manufactures. 

The  potato  and  onion  exports  were  as  follows  in  1916  and  1917: 


1916 


1917 


Potatoes  (bbls.) 
Onions  (crates) . 


55,165 


$283,892 
162,547 


74,470 
132.000 


$528,223 
231,229 


GREENLAND 

Denmark's  sole  remaining  colonial  possession  is  Greenland?*  It  has  an  area  of  46,740 
square  miles,  and,  in  1911,  a  population  of  13,459,  of  whom  6,425  were  men  and  7,034 
women.  The  largest  town,  Sydproven,  has  a  population  of  789.  The  trade  of  Greenland 
is  a  government  monopoly  of  Denmark.    Statistics  of  commerce  in  1917: 


Exports  to  Denm.\rk,  1917 


Kroner 


Dollars 


Imports  from  Denmark,  1917 


Kroner 


Dollars 


Seal  and  fish  oil . . 
Seal  and  fish  skins 
Blue  fox  skins .... 
\Miite  fox  skins .  . 

Bear  skins 

Shark  skins 

Eiderdown 

Feathers , 

Salt  fish 

Other  products. . . , 

Total 


620,145 

$166,198 

21,670 

5,807 

1,830 

487 

1,330 

356 

114 

30 

7,286 

1,952 

31,141 

8,345 

19,923 

5,339 

157,160 

42,118 

6,465 

1.832 

905,098 

242,566 

Agricultural  products 

Fire  arms 

Textiles 

Cordage 

Tobacco 

Edge  tools 

Wood,  construction  material, 

etc 

Soap  and  candles 

Other  products 

Total 


411,666 
59,071 

128,355 
49,328 
37,773 
33,333 

47,019 

3,525 

33,707 


801,777 


$110,326 

15,831 

8,523 

13,219 

10.123 

8,933 

10,601 

944 

9.033 


214,876 


fruits  and  flour. 


24 


I 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


CENTRAL  AMERICA 


*  »  .  V    .  BRITISH  HONDURAS 

A  British  colony  in  Central  America,  on  the  Caribbean  Sea     Are.-,  S  IQS  <,„.,«.        i 
Population  (census  of  191  n  40  4^8     PKi^f  ,  "uean  isea.     Area,  8,598  square  miles. 

10,478,  largi  Ne.ro.     p"nciS'Sodu^L1.  Tol^^^  »«"> 

man^ove  bark,  logwood,  mahogany.     Bananas,  plantaii^^'anlt'co^'u^'a^fX^ 

Railroad;  25  miles  (Stann  Creek  Railway). 

Behze  is  connected  by  telephone  and  telegraph  with  Coronal  and  Consejo  in  the  north 

United  States  gold  is  the  standard  currency,  British  sovereiims  Anri   i^  e 
being  lega  tender  at  $4.86  and  $2.43.    There  is  a  paper    sue  of  S^^^^^^     ^ilveTdT' 
are  current,  as  are  bronze  cent  and  five-cent  pieces  ^"""^'^ 

Commerce 
The  total  value  of  the  trade  of  the  mlnnv  ir^  101*7  uu^  1    x  /? 
to  $5,596,740.  ^      ^^^  ^^^^  ^^*  ^«"'^«  available)  amounted 


BRITISH  HONDURAS 


25 


Eleven  year 

table  of  the  total  foreign  trade  of  British  Honduras  with  the  United  States: 

Exports 

Imports 

Excess  of 

Year 

Per 

exports  (*) 

ended 

cent, 
free 

or 

June 

imports  (-) 

30 

Domestio 

Foreign 

Total 

Free 

Dutiable 

Total 

1909 

$1,078,233 

$3,665 

$1,081,898 

$670,357 

$178,568 

$848,925 

78.97 

•^232,973 

1910 

1,206,962 

4.890 

1,211,852 

800,124 

266,285 

1,066,409 

75.03 

♦145,443 

1911 

1,559,257 

3,326 

1,562,583 

868,029 

316,344 

1,184,373 

73.28 

+378.210 

1912 

1,467,476 

1,190 

1,468,666 

1,058,008 

202,565 

1,260,573 

83.93 

+208,093 

1913 

1.464,166 

2,059 

1,466,225 

1,231,856 

331,346 

1,563,202 

78.80 

-96,977 

1914 

1,696,794 

2,644 

1,699,438 

682,942 

2,099,275 

2,099,275 

67.46 

-399,837 

1915 

1,380,941 

1,655 

1,382.596 

912,991 

430,309 

1,343,300 

67.87 

+39.296 

1916 

1,594,108 

1,605 

1,595,714 

995,745 

251.212 

1,245,957 

79.85 

+349.757 

1917 

1,902,071 

4,804 

1,906,875 

969,775 

416,304 

1,386,079 

69.96 

+520.796 

1918 

2,383,055 

37.129 

2.420.184 

1.541,775 

819,583 

2,361,358 

65.29 

+68,826 

1919 

2.307.804 

2.729.655 

-421,851 

Distribution  of  imports  and  exports,  1917: 

Countries 

Imports 

Exports 

Total 

United  Kingdom 

$390,369 
14.690 

405.059 

2.038.885 

102,585 

120,014 

96,359 

30,871 

2,388,714 
$2,793,773 

$179,827 

$570,196 

British  Possessions 

14,690 

Total  British  Empire 

United  States 

179.827 

2.340.073 

70.448 

161.838 

45.956 

4.825 

2,623,140 
$2,802,967 

684,886 
4,378.958 

Guatemala 

Mexico 

Honduras 

Other  foreign  countries 

173.033 

281.852 

142.315 

35.696 

Foreign  Countries 

Grand  Total 

6.011.854 
$5,596,740 

Chief  imports,  1917:  gum,  $161,838;  apparel,  $86,994;  flour,  $235,224;  boots  and  shoes, 
$125,874;  hardware  and  cutlery,  $80,676;  machinery,  $33,534;  rice,  $118,098. 

Chief  exports,  1917:  mahogany,  $862,164;  logwood,  $122,958;  bananas,  $219,672;  cedar, 
$69,012;  cocoanuts,  $157,464;  chicle,  $878,202. 

Value  of  imports  from  United  States,  1918,  $2,420,184. 

Value  of  exports  to  United  States,  1918,  $2,361,358. 
Language:  English. 

Shipping  Routes:  United  Fruit  Company. 
Customs  Tariff: 

The  customs  tariff  enumerates  about  50  articles  upon  which  specific  duty  is  assessed 
principally  upon  the  basis  of  weight;  some  articles  are  assessed  on  the  basis  of  value.  There 
is  a  large  free  list. 

Consular  Representatives:  United  States  consular  officials  are  stationed  at  Belize. 
Consular  Regulations:  No  documents  required;  no  restrictions  as  to  marks. 
Cable  Rates:  Thirty-five  cents  a  word  from  New  York  or  New  England  states. 
Postal  Rates:  Same  as  to  Great  Britain.    United  States  domestic  letter  rate. 
Mail  Time:  To  Behze  via  New  Orleans,  7  days. 
Parcels  Post: 

Service  extends  to  British  Honduras.  Limit  of  weight  22  pounds.  Rate  12  cents  per 
pound  or  fraction  thereof.  Prohibitions:  Bullion;  coins;  tobacco  packed  with  other 
merchandise;  tobacco  sweetened  with  leaves  of  plants  other  than  tobacco;  saccharine. 


26 


EXPORTERS^ZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Money  Orders:  Not  issued. 
Intemational  Reply  Coupons:  Issued. 


COSTA  RICA 

northwest  by  the  Pacific  Ocean  H^.T  ^  ^^^nama,  and  on  the  southwest,  west  and 
ticut.  Massachusetts "nd  y^onit^Z^"'""^"""'''''  "'"^'''*°*  '*'  '*"''  °'  ^onnec- 

to  Jri!:rand1het  i^^n^  J^Sf  toIS  r'^"  ~^'  '"«  ^  ^-^  ^PH. 
fortnight  of  dry  weatherf  known^lhL  "vera^Sf  de  S^^n  T  ''-^""i'  '".''""P'*"  ''^  " 
u>  the  .onth  of  .u„e.   The  so-cal.ed  winti^^^f!:  t^Tj^^^Z^- ^t^^^^' 

p.anti^:„ra:;!ti;rfr  el?tt.^tr  ^^^^^^^  •='"'-•  -^^  «^--  "— 

investment  of  AmerL  J  clD.tajTr^;»pL''u''^  '^"•'"'"'°  '''*^"^'  ""d  th"  large 
the  developmen^of  tre  co^t^    lt,.f '^"  ^"^  ^"  ^'"°«t  «-<""«iveIy  responsible  for 

supplied  by  the  United  Stated'  '^^  ''°'-  "'  *^'»  ^'""'^  '«"•«''  ^P^'te  are 

cent-'^of  te  Zui  e^^  "xlfpelt^fT'  '*"'^^  T""^  ''  ^'  -"'•  -<^  ^-"^  «>  per 
imports  to  $8.46.  e^S  toSl  tT     '  '°  '"^^  "'  ^^""^  ^"^  '^°""t«<'  ^^  «0-^; 

Area  and  Population 

totaS,:^t'atl3'it:r ^^^^^^  i-to  ««tons.    The 

are  shown  in  the  foUowingteble"  "^  eubdivisions  with  their  population 


Provinces 


San  JoF^ .  .  . 

Alajuela 

Cartago . . . . 
Heredia .  . . . 
Guanacaste. 

Limon 

Puntarenas . 


Population 


Total. 


136.936 
109.063 
72.217 
47.859 
42.120 
23,916 
22,884 


Capital 


454,995 


San  Joe6 .  .  . 
Alajuela.. 
Cartago . . . . 
Heredia .  . . . 

Liberia 

Port  Limon. 
Puntarenas . 


Population  of  the 

Canton  in  which  the 

Capital  is  situated 


49.781 
28.766 
32,586 
15.553 
6,650 
13.285 
11,706 


Commerce 


COSTA  RICA 


27 


Value  of  the  total  foreign  trade  of  the  United  States  with  Costa  Rica  for  11  years: 


Year 

ended 

June 

30 

EzPOBTS 

Imports 

Excess  of 
exports  (♦) 

or 
imports  (-) 

Domestic 

Foreign 

Total 

Free 

Dutiable 

TotAl 

Per 
Cent. 

1909 
1910 
1911 
1912 
1913 
1914 
1915 
1916 
1917 
1918 
1919 

$2,288,890 
3,031.369 
3,434,844 
3,595,149 
3.434.753 
3,450.938 
2.351,005 
3.483.728 
3.859.870 
1,874,622 

•   •••■>• 

$18,206 
19,141 
38,532 
52.038 
80.155 
60.448 
62.313 
84.478 

124.984 
28.602 

$2,307,096 
3,050,510 
3,473,376 
3,647,187 
3,514,908 
3,501,386 
2,413,318 
3,568.206 
3,984.854 
1,903,224 
4.175,646 

$2,654,431 
3,628.047 
4.834,213 
3.813.432 
3,092.878 
3,565.628 
3,498.530 
4.161.303 
5.101,719 
7.540.995 

•   •■•••• 

$55,563 

13.251 

4,203 

4,419 

5.857 

4,736 

46.637 

174.112 

518.426 

74,487 

$2,709,994 
3.641,298 
4.838.416 
3.817.851 
3,098.735 
3.570.364 
3.545.167 
4,335.415 
5.620.145 
7.615,482 
8,222.108 

97.95 
99.64 
99.92 
99.88 
99.81 
99.87 
98.68 
95.98 
90.78 
99.02 

-$402,898 

-590.788 

-1,365,040 

-170.664 

♦416.173 

-68.978 

-1.131.849 

-767.209 

-1.635.291 

-5.712,258 

-4,046,962 

Value  of  foreign  trade  during  eleven  years: 


Year 

Imports 

Exports 

Total 

1908 

1909 

1910 

1911 

1912 

1913 

1914 

1915 

1916 

1917 

1918 

$5,629,405 
6,109,938 
7,897,736 
8,872,161 

10,079,306 
8,685,108 
7,551,679 
4,478,782 
6,603.925 
5,596,240 
3,735,023 

$7,757,525 

8,176,257 

8,374,364 

8,924.191 

9,964,005 

10.321.568 

10.861.748 

9.971,582 

11.121,172 

11,382.166 

9,623,874 

$13,386,930 
14.286.195 
16.272.100 
17,796,352 
20,043,311 
19,006,676 
18,413,427 
14,450,364 
17.725.097 
16.977.406 
13.358,997 

Principal  imports  during  4  years  and  the  principal  countries  of 

origin: 

Articles 

1913 

1914 

1915 

I9iii 

Automobiles 

United  States 

Cattle 

Nicaragua 

Coffee  Backs 

United  Kingdom 

United  States 

Cotton  Goods 

United  States 

United  Kingdom 

Germany 

France 

^Italy 

Drugs  and  chemicals 

United  States 

United  Kingdom 

France 

Germany 

Electrical  material 

United  States 

Flour 

,  United  Staites! '.'.'.'.'.'.'. 
Lard 

United  States!!!!!.'!! 
Railway  Material 

United  States 

Rice 

United  States!! !!!!!! 

Germany 

Wheat 

United  States! ! !!!!!! 
Coal 

United  States!!!!!!!! 
Note:     ©  Not  available 


$69,606 

65.678 

323.067 

323,067 

88,958 

69,424 

11,161 

828,948 

243,802 

355,042 

124,699 

39,009 

51.463 

150.142 

76,173 

23,378 

24,039 

29,690 

150.339 

121.416 

258.407 

257.457 

200,362 

194,968 

296,772 

272.242 

143,393 

31,621 

82.088 

219,487 

219.487 

261,975 

258,329 


$29,860 

26,740 

221.885 

221,885 

77,389 

65,710 

8,104 

800,291 

285.041 

302.333 

112.613 

34.247 

37,997 

162,898 

90,547 

23,847 

19,924 

23,063 

174,341 

159,432 

189,329 

183.542 

204.927 

202,485 

241,139 

140,981 

160,311 

59,383 

76.405 

366,641 

366,624 

250,226 

228,224 


$23,282 

18,164 

95,964 

95,964 

98,531 

83,919 

13,220 

466,699 

266,333 

129,848 

4,491 

10,907 

30,749 

115,903 

85,194 

11,196 

4,977 

4,065 

95,176 

86,773 

224,480 

209.662 

144.181 

142,270 

62,387 

59.725 

108,640 

93,283 

323,567 

323,567 

106,953 

92.039 


$68,218 

68.218 

184,236 

171,457 

131,118 

90,614 

38.163 

657.447 

416,758 

165,014 

109 

28,128 

25,302 

73,486 

61,901 

10,238 

3.482 

ii2,746 
101,716 
488,660 
470.670 
174,304 
172,610 
29,914 
5,737 
142.859 
122,076 

■     '262 
262 
0 


28 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Imports  by  countries  during  5  years: 


Countries 


United  States . . . 
United  Kingdom 
Spanish  America 
Central  America. 

France 

Spain 

Italy 

Germany 

Belgium 

Other  countriea .  . 

Total 


1913 


1914 


»4.467.829 

1,289.324 

303,683 

349,717 

387.514 

158,974 

170,958 

1,340,998 

46,958 

169.513 


S8.685.108 


$4,022,147 

1,088.576 

330.262 

270.942 

300,771 

136.689 

177.293 

1,065.468 

34.903 

124.628 


1915 


17.551.679 


$3,031,907 
548,810 
254,856 
131.584 

84,132 
117.849 
137.615 

42,969 

933 

128,027 


1916 


$4,677,407 
790.851 
310.866 
223,820 
180,228 
162.578 
124.923 
1,340 

'l3l',9i2 


1917 


$4,478,782 


$6,603,925 


$3,887,603 
706.257 
355.027 
216,809 
137,973 
112,785 
83.527 
559 


94.700 


$5,595,240 


Exports  by  principal  countries  of  destination  for  5  years: 


Countries 


United  States... 
United  Kingdom. 
Spanish  America. 
Central  America. 

France 

Germany ,[ 

Other  countries .  . 


1913 


1914 


$5,240,793 
4,318,006 
59,721 
38.618 
95.636 
504.381 
64.413 


■To**' $10,321,568 


$4,893,566 

5.192.253 

72,539 

40,264 

123,697 

471.907 

67.522 


1915 


$10,861,748 


$4,864,803 

4.438.233 

324.616 

90.217 

62,975 

13.225 

227,107 


1916 


$9,971,582 


$6,830,977 

3,668.408 

324.616 

131.652 

93.418 

7'2.i6i 


1917 


$11,382,166 


$8,119,295 

2,496,191 

628.188 

79.159 

31.886 

27.447 


$11,382,166 


inco^ete?  "^"^  ^"^  ^  ''"^  "^"^  "'^'^'^^ '"'""'"«'  °f '''««"»«°"  (»'»«'«<»  fo^  1917 


Articles 


1913 


1914 


Bananas 

United  States . . ! 
United  Kingdom . 

Coffee 

United  Kingdom. 

United  States 

Germany 

Gold  and  Silver.  . .. 

United  States 

Cacao 

United  Kingdom. 
United  States. . . 
Cattle  hides.  .  .    . 

United  States 

Spain 

Germany ', 

Rubber .    ' 

^United  States..'!! 

Woods 

United  States. . ! ! 

Germany 

Sugar ! ' 

United  States .  . ! ! 
United  Kingdom . 


1915 


1916 


1017 


$5,194,428 

3.884.946 

1.284.847 

3.605.029 

2.956.123 

216.302 

288.402 

1,021,473 

1.021.473 

105,034 

61.741 

9,644 

132.883 

52.825 

65".5i7 
44.482 
38,202 

141.361 
3,750 

100.244 


$4,725,754 
3,281.012 
1.444.742 
4.663.360 
3,533.895 
467.269 
483,124 
888.599 
888,599 
84,507 
39.192 
9,898 
110.780 
50.207 
5.123 
39.584 
12.134 
11,148 
123,814 
32,204 
16,461 
19,216 
4.300 
13.985 


$4,427,566 

3.087.826 

1,339,741 

3.730,307 

2.877,932 

547.982 

55,955 

805.897 

805,897 

174,809 

101.674 

66.897 

151.064 

99.069 

38.332 

49.488 
48.192 
49,372 
25.581 

69.686 
69.686 


$4,677,313 
3.394,529 
1,282.784 
4.242.338 
2,129.654 
1,789.842 

i, '008.949 

1.006,949 

223,369 

149.226 

65.041 

161.755 

132,494 

11,677 

"'65,149 
65,149 
51,213 
33,825 

'  241,658 
241,058 


$4,040,625 
3.'779".747 

'  '906.243 


Production  and  Industry 
coffee,  the  statistics  of  e.xports  being  given  above  under  Commerce.    The  mineral  resources 


COSTA  RICA 


29 


of  the  republic  are  large,  especially  on  the  Pacific  Coast.  Gold  is  the  principal  mineral 
mined,  and  the  chief  mining  fields  are  located  in  Abangarez,  La  Union,  Aguacate  and 
Montezuma.  A  manganese  field  has  recently  been  discovered,  and  oil  lands  in  San  Jos^, 
Guanacaste,  and  Alajuela  are  being  developed  by  an  American  corporation.  Sugar  is 
cultivated,  and  is  an  industry  of  growing  importance  in  the  western  and  central  provinces. 
Large  forest  areas  exist,  producing  mahogany,  rosewood  and  cedar. 

The  largest  single  interest  in  Costa  Rica  is  held  by  the  United  Fruit  Company,  which 
in  1917  held  properties  valued  at  $12,851,798.  It  then  owned  240,500  acres  of  land,  38,196 
acres  of  which  were  improved,  and  203,304  acres  unimproved.  It  leased  5,281  acres,  921 
of  which  were  improved,  and  4,630  of  which  were  unimproved.  There  were  29,914  acres 
cultivated  in  bananas,  7,495  in  cacao,  652  in  cocoanuts,  107  in  pineapples  and  the  rest  in 
pasturage.    The  company  owned  in  1917,  2,737  cattle  and  1,650  other  animals. 

!Manufacturing  is  not  extensive  in  Costa  Rica.  There  are  4,678  commercial  and  manu- 
facturing establishments,  2,692  of  which  are  controlled  by  Costa  Ricans,  518  by  Chinese, 
439  by  Spaniards,  254  by  British,  168  by  Italians,  and  105  by  citizens  of  the  United  States. 
They  comprise  coflfee-drying  establishments,  sugar  mills,  a  national  liquor  distillery,  (dis- 
tilling is  a  government  monopoly),  several  tobacco  factories,  29  iron  foundries  and  shops, 
8  ice  factories,  62  steam  saw  mills,  and  a  brewery. 
Money  and  Banks. 

The  gold  standard  was  adopted  in  1896.  The  unit  is  the  colon  of  100  centimos,  equiva- 
lent to  $0,465  United  States  currency.  Gold  pieces  of  20,  10,  5  and  2  colones  are  coined, 
and  there  is  a  subsidiary  coinage  of  50,  25,  10  and  5  centimos  in  silver  and  1  centimo  in 
copper.  Paper  currency  is  widely  in  circulation.  Following  the  outbreak  of  the  world  war, 
the  government  created  as  a  bank  of  issue  the  International  Bank  of  Costa  Rica,  which 
is  to  have  existence  only  during  the  war.  There  are  three  public  banks  in  Costa  Rica,  the 
Bank  of  Costa  Rica,  the  Anglo-Costa  Rican  Bank,  and  the  Mercantile  Bank.  An  agency 
of  the  Royal  Bank  of  Canada  is  established  there,  and  there  are  three  private  banks. 

There  have  been  two  external  loans  as  follows:  In  1911  there  was  an  issue  of  4%  to 
5%  gold  refunding  bonds  to  the  amount  of  £2,000,000,  secured  by  a  first  charge  on  all 
customs  duties.  In  1911  another  loan  amounting  to  35,000,000  francs  at  5%  was  arranged 
for  with  bankers  of  France,  Germany  and  the  United  States. 

Weights  and  Measures: 

The  metric  system  of  weights  and  measures  prevails. 
Railways  : 

There  are  338  miles  of  railway  in  actual  operation,  all  3  ft.  6  in.  gauge,  82  miles  of 
which  belong  to  the  government  and  256  to  the  Northern  Railway  Co.  This  line  runs  from 
Port  Limon  on  the  Atlantic  coast  to  San  Jos^,  and  is  extended  to  Alajuela.  The  Pacific 
Railway,  owned  by  the  government,  runs  from  Puntarenas,  on  the  Pacific  coast,  to  San  Jos^ . 
a  distance  of  69  miles,  with  a  branch  into  Alajuela.  Branches  of  the  Northern  Railway 
extend  into  the  banana  producing  country.  Thirty-four  cities  and  towns  in  Costa  Rica 
have  electric  lighting  facilities,  power  being  furnished  by  the  waterfalls  in  the  highlands, 
nnd  88  cities,  towns,  and  villages  have  water  supply.  There  is  a  tramway  at  San  Jos€. 
Post  Offices  and  Telegraphs: 

There  are  147  telegraph  offices  and  about  1,535  miles  of  line,  also  1514  telephones. 
Diplomatic  and  Consular  Representatives: 

There  are  at  date  of  writing  no  officially  recognized  consular  officials  of  Costa  Rica  in 
the  United  States.  A  few  of  those  representing  a  previous  political  regime  still  perform 
consular  functions. 


30 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


GUATEMALA 


31 


The  United  States  maintains  a  consul  in  San  inaA  *«^  t>«^  t  • 
Rati  Tna/  o,.^  !>««♦  T  •  "«  «  cuuam  m  oan  josc,  and  Port  Limon;  vice-consuls  in 

Ban  Jos^  and  Port  Limon,  and  a  consular  agent  in  Puntarenas. 
Customs  Tariff: 

D^vaT^v^n'th  ^K  *'T  "^V'^^ii."  *''*  ^°«*»  «'•"«  t""ff'  "-d  »"  "rticles  enumerated 
pay  duty  on  he  basis  of  weight.  There  are  two  surtaxes;  of  50  and  2  per  cent,  respectively 
of  the  normal  rate.    Prohibited  imports  include  war  arms  and  materi^,  silvert  wwd« 

Z^  ?h",'  rr  1 ""'  "*"'  ''""''"  '^"'-  •"  ^'^  -  "-»-"  testi;g  more "ra^  W' 
centigrade  and  alcohol  of  current  quality.  s     "  «  tuau  w 

Duties  on  advertising  matter: 
Article 

SSiS  f^  '^*^°«~P»>«1  advertiaementa.  unf ramed  and  common  calendar-  ^^n^,"^** 

Framed  advertisements  on  paper  or  cardboard  common  calendars |o .  01 

Advertisements  without  commercial  value  on  slasa 21 

Advertisementa  on  iron  plate. . .  01 

nna 

Consular  Regulations 

Consular  invoices  are  not  required  at  present.    Two  copies  of  commercial  invoice 

a'dTo^Tl  w^^^^^^^^^^^  ''  ^'^^"^^^•'  ^T  °^  ^^^^^  ^'^^  --'-'  -^«h^«  of  ea?h  pacla 

and  total  weights  m  kilograms,  ongm  and  cost  of  merchandise,  etc.,  should  be  sent  to  the 

consignee  who  must  present  it  with  bUl  of  lading  or  be  subject  to  k  fine     pLkages  may 
be  marked  with  either  stencil  or  brush.  i^atKages  ma> 

Language:    Spanish. 
Local  Advertising  Media: 

Limon^"'  "'  '™  ^^"^  "^'^POP^'S  in  San  Josg  carrying  advertising  and  one  daUy  in  Port 

Shipping  Routes; 

United  Fruit  Company. 
Cable  Rates:    From  New  York  or  New  England  states,  $0.49  per  word. 
Postal  Rates :    Postal  Union  rates. 
Maa  Time:    Seven  days  to  Port  Limon  via  New  Orleans. 
Parcel  Post:    Service  extends  to  Costa  Rica. 
International  Reply  Coupons :    Redeemed. 
Money  Orders:    Issued. 


GUATEMALA 

A  repubUc  of  Central  America  bounded  on  the  west  and  north  by  Mexico,  on  the 
northeast  by  British  Honduras,  on  the  east  by  the  Gulf  of  Honduras  and  the  repubUc  of 
Honduras,  on  the  southeast  by  Salvador  and  on  the  south  by  the  Pacific  Ocean.  In  area 
it  is  approximately  equal  to  Pennsylvania  and  Delaware. 

The  climate  of  Guatemala  is  tropical.  There  are  two  seasons,  the  rainy  and  dry. 
The  rainy  season  in  the  interior  lasts  from  May  to  October,  but  on  the  coast  sometimes 
continues  until  December.  The  coolest  month  is  January  and  the  hottest  is  May.  The 
average  rainfall  is  very  heavy,  especially  on  the  Atlantic  Coast. 

The  principal  products  of  Guatemala  are  coffee  and  bananas.  Coffee  is  grown  on 
some  2,000  plantations,  and  the  development  of  the  bana'ha  plantations  is  being  carried 
on  by  American  interests.  Sugar  growing  and  the  livestock  industry  are  being  developed, 
and  mining  is  important.  Normally,  Guatemala  purchases  more  than  50  per  cent,  of  her 
total  annual  imports  from  the  United  States.  In  1917  the  share  of  the  United  States  in 
the  total  imports  of  Guatemala  was  80  per  cent.,  while  the  annual  average  share  of  the 
United  States  during  the  five  years  ending  in  1917  was  66  per  cent.  Of  the  total  imports 
in  1918  the  United  States  supphed  68  per  cent,  and  took  71  per  cent,  of  the  total  exports. 
The  per  capita  foreign  trade  of  Guatemala  amounted  to  $8.96;  imports  to  $3.31:  exports 
to  $5.65. 

Area  and  Population 
The  total  area  of  the  republic  is  estimated  at  48,290  square  mUes.  The  population  in 
1903  was  1,842,134;  and  is  at  present  estimated  at  2,119,165.  For  purpose  of  administra- 
tion the  country  is  divided  into  23  provinces.  About  60  per  cent,  of  the  population  are  pure 
Indian,  the  rest  being  principally  Mestizo.  The  capital  is  Guatemala  City,  with  an  esti- 
mated population  of  125,000.  The  city  was  totally  destroyed  by  earthquake  in  1917.  Other 
important  cities  are  Quezaltenango  (population  estimated,  28,940),  Totonicapam  (popula- 
tion estimated,  28,310),  Coban  (population  estimated,  30,770),  Puerto  Barrios  (population, 
2000).  The  Departments,  with  their  capitals  and  the  population  of  the  capitals  are  shown, 
in  the  following  table: 


Department 


Capital 


Population 


Alta  Verapa* .  . 

Amatitlan 

Baja  Verapa* .  . 
Chimaltenango. 
Chiquimula.. 

ElPet^n 

El  Quiche 

Esquintla 

Guatemala.  .  .  . 

Huehuetenango 

Itabal 

Jalapa [[ 

Jutiapa .  .  * .  i .  ] 
Quezaltenango . 
Retalhuleu .  .  .  . 
Sacatepgques .  . 

Ban  Marcoa 

Santa  Rosa 

soioifi ;; 

Suchitepequez . . 
Totonicapan. .  . 
Zacapa 


Cob^n 

Amatitlan 

Salamd 

Chimaltenango . 
Chiquimula. . . , 

Florea 

Santa  Cruz .... 

Esquintla 

Guatemala  City 
Huehuetenango . 

Livingston 

Jalapa 

Jutiapa 

Quezaltenango. 
Retalhuleu.  .  .  . 

Antigua 

San  Marcos.... 
Cuajiniquilapa . 

Solola 

Mazatenango.  . 
Totonicapam.  .  . 
Zacapa 


30.770 

8.408 

10,608 

3.749 

12.562 

1.671 

11.914 

12.343 

125,000 

10,279 

1,978 

12,246 

11.023 

28,940 

6.327 

10.150 

6,036 

3,062 

7,627 

6.970 

28.310 

11.964 


32 


EXPORTERS  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Guatemala  City  is  situated  on  a  plateau  5,000  feet  above  sea  level,  with  a  perpetually 
spring-like  cUmate,  and  is  connected  by  railway  with  Puerto  Barrios,  194  miles  away  on  the 
Caribbean  coast,  and  San  Jos^,  85  miles  away  on  the  Pacific  coast.  Quezaltenango 
is  7,  351  feet  above  sea  level,  and  by  rail  is  120  miles  west  of  Guatemala  City.  It  is  75  miles 
by  rail  from  the  Pacific  port  of  Champerico. 


Commerce 

The  value  of  the  total  foreign  trade  of  Guatemala  in  1918  was  $17,953,000.    Of  this 
total,  imports  amounted  to  $6,634,000  and  exports  to  $11,319,000. 

Total  foreign  trade  of  the  United  States  with  Guatemala  for  eleven  years: 


Year 

Ended 

June 

30 


Exports 


Imports 


Domestic 


Foreign 


Total 


Free 


Dutiable 


Total 


1909. 
1910. 
1911. 
1912. 
1913. 
1914. 
1915. 
1916. 
1917. 
1918. 
1919.. 


$1,688,432 
1,939,495 
2,409,383 
2,495,789 
3,620.898 
3,579,988 
2.729.999 
3,774,206 
5,336,073 
5,470,024 


$17,724 
19,751 
22,386 
23,263 
37.689 
21,825 
39.271 
73,824 
50,204 
93,469 


$1,706,156 
1,959,246 
2.431.769 
2.519,052 
3.658,587 
3,601.813 
2,769.270 
3,848.030 
6.386.277 
5,563.493 
5,946,331 


Per 

Cent. 

Free 


Excess  of 
Exports  (♦) 

or 
Imports  (-) 


$3,097,314 
1,779,387 
2.517,536 
2,613,957 
3,021,657 
4,038,215 
6,470,763 
8,579,049 
9,786,679 
7,664,523 


$51,175 

52,937 

44,952 

30.080 

85.324 

40,397 

87,783 

145,679 

271,761 

158.437 


$3,148,489 
1.832,324 
2,562.488 
2.644,037 
3,106,981 
4.078,612 
6.558.546 
8.724.728 

10.057.330 
7,822.960 

11,115.721 


98.38 
97.11 
98.25 
98.86 
97.25 
99  01 
98.66 
98.33 
97.30 
97.97 


-$1,442,333 

♦126.922 

-130.719 

-124.985 

♦551.606 

-476,799 

-3,789.276 

-4,876.698 

-4.671,063 

-2.259,467 

-5.168.390 


Imports  by  principal  countries  of  origin  for  5  years: 


Countries 

1913 

1914 

1915 

1916 

1917 

United  States 

$5,053,060 
1,650,387 
402,025 
113,578 
111.475 
305,151 
1.713 

$4,879,200 
1,389.645 
317.631 
104.207 
131,234 
221,463 

$3,751,761 

577,206 

124,492 

107,349 

77,528 

78,786 

87,825 

32,170 

55.964 

2.931 

5.318 

146.053 

1.114 

10.578 

4,119 

9,282 

$5,072,476 

$6,535,407 

1.320.994 

186,893 

162.673 

94.206 

47.953 

47,410 

45,611 

42,763 

13,309 

12,086 

6,211 

5,941 

1.235 

100 

16,502 

$8,539,294 

United  Kingdom 

$7,200,000 

France 

1,000,000 

Mexico 

160.000 

Snain 

China  and  Japan 

90,000 

Netherlands .'. 

Sweden 

Italy 

Central  America 

12.5.3  i  6 

29.768 

2.094 

2.043.329 

75 

121, .543 

98,.599 

4,215 

$10,062,238 

123,005 

35,176 

2,525 

1,842,738 

955 

171,508 

28,525 

56,975 

$9,331,115 

Cuba '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.['. 

Germany 

Jamaica 

Belgium .!.!.!! 

South  America 

Other  countries.  .    . . 

•    • •   • 

Total 

$8,991,573 

The  customs  valuations  of  imports  for  1916  and  1917  amounted  to  only  $6,725,601  and 
$7,193,259,  respectively.  The  Statistical  Bureau  of  Guatemala  adds  to  these  figures  25  per 
cent  as  above  given,  to  cover  ocean  freights,  insurance,  commissions  and  other  Uke  charges. 


GUATEMALA 


Principal  countries  of  origin  of  imports  for  3  years: 


Countries 


Cotton  textiles  and  manufactures . 

United  Kingdom 

United  States 

Germany 

Italy 

France 

Spain 

Iron  and  Stee!  manufactures 

United  States 

Germany 

United  Kingdom 

Food  Products 

United  States 

United  Kingdom 

Central  America , 

Germany , 

South  America 

Railway  Material 

United  States 

Belgium 

Wheat  flour 

United  States 

Agricultural  and  Industrial  machinery 

United  States 

United  Kingdom 

Germany 

Wines  and  liquors 

France 

United  States 

United  Kingdom 

Spain 

Italy 

Germany 

Drugs  and  medicines 

United  States 

France 

United  Kingdom 

Germany 

Silk  textiles  and  manufactures 

China  and  Japan 

France 

Germany 

Wooden  textiles  and  manufactures . . . 

United  Kingdom 

United  States 

Italy 

Germany 

Linen,  hemp,   and  jute  textiles  and 

^  manufactures 

United  Kingdom 

United  States '. 

Germany 

Petroleum 

United  States ....'.'.'.'.. 

Mexico 

Lumber !.!..".*!,'*!!"' 

All  to  the  United  States. 

Paper  and  stationers'  supplies 

I  nited  States 

Spain .*. 

Germany 

Manufactures  of  leatlier! ".'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 

I  nited  States 

Vjermany 

Manufactures    of    glass,    china    and 

earthenware 

United  States 

Germany 

Manufactures  of  wood  or  of  wood  and 
iron 

United  States! ...'.'....'.'.'.'.'.'.','.'.'. 

Germany ','.'.'.' 

^  Sweden ... 

Coal 

United  States! !!!!!! 

Manufactures  of  lead,  tin,  copper  and 
_,  alloye 

tmted  States !!!!!! 

_Germany ' ' 


Tons 


8,235 
8,235 


10,946 
10,946 


15,741 
15,741 


1915 


$758,570 

241,848 

4.55,540 

25,884 

21,437 

1,970 

1,672 

121,198 

86,769 

10,040 

11,458 

538,236 

488,350 

17,787 

1,528 

2,145 

i2i'.844 
121.844 

soe'.sio 

506,510 

127,433 

103,823 

13,449 

5,596 

125,583 

42,241 

39,328 

19,699 

13,201 

5,390 

2.916 

108,669 

68,239 

23,215 

6,700 

5,927 

68,525 

21,216 

6,566 

6,886 

52.308 

22.973 

9.307 

3.818 

11.228 

252.481 
108.777 
100,854 
4.248 
110,925 
110,925 

'78,666 

147,243 

102,516 

29,637 

4,073 

94,661 

87,200 

596 

27,859 

19,863 

4,476 

86,727 
34,473 
10.733 
25,686 
46,398 
46,398 

18,416 

14,798 

1,132 


1916 


Tons 


9,911 
9.911 


26,907 

20,515 

6,392 


9,017 
9,017 


$1,676,030 

701,449 

952.086 

1,500 

10,053 

2,061 

6,400 

348,327 

323,149 

22,988 

488,073 

397,163 

39,521 

12,068 

766 

'  175,789 
172.416 

'  6V2.869 

612,809 

206,619 

198,535 

7,884 

'  26i',i33 

87,636 

87,480 

37,786 

29.171 

14.012 

72 

213.754 

157.622 

38.069 

14.571 

508 

47,345 

25,920 

2,804 

140 

82,897 

39,038 

37,312 

1,975 

40 

289.952 
135,405 
123.848 

'  223'.26i 

193.929 

29,271 

35,258 

182,585 
147,515 
14,391 
126 
179.102 
173,377 


51,951 

46,441 

567 

145,869 

101,854 

1,453 

988 

30,047 

30,047 

29,776 
28,774 


33 


1917 


Tons 


10.300 


$2,294,425 

*  399,609 
'  43"7*687 


128,170 

i.'0()i3",65i 
157,239,' 

*7'7'.527 


213,283 

'li'2,ii8 
136,946 


28,867 


510 


34 


EXPORTERS  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Imports  by  principal  articles  for  5  years: 


Articles 


1913 


1914 


1915 


1916 


Cotton  textiles  and  manufactures 

Iron  and  steel  manufactures 

Food  products 

Railway  material 

Wheat  flour ,' ' 

Agricultural  machinery 

Wines  and  liquors !.!.... 

Drugs  and  medicines 

Silk  textiles  and  manufactures 

Woolen  textiles  and  manufactures .  . . 
Linen,   hemp  and  jute   textiles   and 

manufactures 

Petroleum !!!."!],! 

Lumber '...[.'.'.'... 

Paper  and  stationers'  supplies. ...!!! 

Manufactures  of  leather , 

Manufactures    of    glass,    china    and 

earthenware 

Manufactures  of  wood  or  of  wood  and 

Cor.::::::::;:::::::;::::::::;. 

Manufactures  of  lead,  tin,  copper  and 

alloys 

Miscellaneous 


Total 


»1,734,833 
685,548 
666,856 
426.827 
394,932 
350,367 
347,752 
268,523 
263.448 
253,107 

222.321 
184.937 
179.880 
179,798 
156,689 

106,826 

88,853 
45,418 

37,638 
1,464,772 

$7,959,325 


$1,289,105 
515.517 
545.087 
423.226 
509,280 
374.594 
245.876 
279,666 
221,169 
220.620 

224,764 
182,117 
111.797 
165,399 
143,448 

123,724 

199.143 
49,582 

25,264 
1.499,465 

$7,348,843 


$  758,570 
121,198 
538,236 
121,844 
506,510 
127,433 
125,583 
108,666 
68.526 
62.308 

252,481 
110,925 

78,667 
147.243 

94.661 

27,859 

86,727 
46,398 

18,416 
680,888 

$3,973,139 


$1,676,030 
348,323 
488,077 
175,789 
612.809 
206,619 
261,133 
213,753 
47,345 
82,897 

289.952 
223.201 
35.258 
182,586 
179,102 

51,951 

145.869 
30.047 

29.776 
1,445.084 

$6,725,601 


Note:  In  the  table  above,  the  imports  through  the  land  frontier  are  not  included. 


Exports  by  principal  articles  for  5  years: 


Articles 


1913 


1914 


1915 


1916 


Coffee,  clean 

Coffee,  in  parchment. . . . , 

Bananas 

Cattle  hides 

Sugar,  including  panela. . . 

Woods 

Chicle 

Rubber 

Skins 

Sheepskins,  dressed 

Hats 

Honey 

Distillates 

Horns 

Clothing,  wool 

Live  animals 

Indigo 

Sarsaparilla 

Gold,  native 

Mineral  products 

Frijoles  (beans) 

Tobacco 

Miscellaneous 

Exports  through  the  fron- 
tiers of  Salvador  and 
Honduras 


$9,904,877 
2.349.847 
825,670 
455.476 
349.052 
247.759 
142,108 
100,323 
24,676 

'ld,i44 
9,127 
5.820 
1,695 
1,405 
1,360 


901 

760 

399 

8,227 


1917 


$2,294,425 
399,609 
437,687 
128,170 
1,008,051 
157,239 
77,527 
278,263 
112,118 
136,940 

232.737 
252,826 
10,632 
239.263 
206,952 

74,800 

177.482 
5,322 

107,958 
855,268 

$7,193,259 


1917 


10,300 


$14,449,926 


$8,892,102 

1,499.663 

1.017,141 

341,101 

354.382 

301.571 

227,742 

14,767* 

28,541 

110 

4,002 

8,978 

9,160 

1,532 

6,689 

3,260 

93 

'll',589 

813 

1,227 

6,054 

13,152 


11,368 
$12,754,027 


$8,009,649 

939.746 

1,082. 4  2<) 

506.962 

322.728 

176.231 

231.624 

49,331 

33.740 

24,574 

8.923 

10.979 

5.064 

102 

2.048 

45,463 

32 

15,690 
46,398 
495 
18,953 
26.231 


10,150 
$11,566,686 


$7,825,250 

241,266 

1,025,438 

566,190 

422,295 

116,964 

130,302, 

68.823 

25.725 

24,209 

7,234 

126 

1.524 
1,075 
4,840 


4.279 
89,044 

1.388 
16.118 
46.126 


19,710 
$10,637,886 


$5,355,577 

74,735 

990.790 

435,477 

450,239 

138.254 

59,694 

64,184 

47,698 

7.373 
14.693 

36 

10,016 
2,340 


46,972 

487 

4,348 

106.819 


$7,809,732 


GUATEMALA 


35 


Exports  by  principal  countries  of  destination  for  5  years: 


Countries 


1913 


1914 


1915 


1916 


United  States 

Netherlands 

Sweden , 

British  Honduras 

Central  America , 

Germany 

United  Kingdom 

Italy 

South  America 

Mexico 

Spain 

Denmark 

Norway 

Cuba 

France 

China  and  Japan 

Switzerland ] 

Austria-Hungary 

Canada 

Belgium 

Exports  through  the  fron- 
tiers of  Salvador  and 
Honduras 


$3,923,354 
47,632 

'  '257,677 

71,234 

7.653.557 

1.600.029 

606 

264,056 

77,970 

4,734 


21,268 
71 

514.2i3 
2.693 
1,332 


1917 


10,300 


$14,449,926 


$4,874,379 

173,417 

19,999 

230,800 

149,608 

5,412,580 

1,245,906 

6,678 

98,114 

137,252 

6,799 


6 
34,185 


306.105 

2,123 

45,718 


11,369 


$12,754,027 


$6,881,411 

1,771,241 

650,903 

272,334 

132.835 

50,237 

1,049,937 

45,848 

367,901 

145,667 

23,012 

204,043 

61,396 

18 

212 

2,266 

5,897 

149 

1,138 


10,151 
$11,566,586 


$6,668,674 

947,042 

245,183 

147,647 

108,540 

91,668 

86,087 

74,933 

74,473 

72,169 

47,569 

35,837 

11,003 

6,619 

837 

5 

•  ••••••• 

•  •••■•a. 


19,710 
$10,637,886 


$7,600,000 


65,000 


35,000 


$7,809,732 


Production  and  Industry 

Under  the  National  Land  Law  of  1894  State  lands  with  the  exception  of  those  on  the 

^ZTr.  ""k  V""'-  rZ^'''''^  '°'  ''''■  *•>«  '"''^°"'"  •'"•ding  -Uot«l  to  any  one^c  W 
being  15  catenas  (about  1,687  acres),  which  cannot  be  sold  under  10  years.    In  19mh^ 

^^^ent  took  over  aU  mineral  lands,  aUowing  the  concession  of  expiration  onfy  ^1£ 

TTie  principal  industry  of  the  republic  is  agriculture,  and  the  chief  crop  is  coffee  Thp 
foUowxng  tab  e  shows  the  number  of  coffee  plantations  in  1913.  their  pr^ictton^d  tte 
nationahty  of  their  proprietors:  proaucuon  and  the 


Nationality 


Number 
of  planta- 
tions 


Production 

in  quintals 

of  101 

pounds 


Nationality 


Guatemalan 
German . . . . 
AuBtrian .  . 
Belgian.  .  .  . 
Colombian . 
Chinese .  . . . 
Costa  Rican 
Chilean.  .  .  . 
Ppanish .  .  . . 
French 


1,657 
170 
4 
9 
7 
1 
2 
2 

'  84 
21 


Number 
of  planta- 
tions 


Production 

in  quintals 

of  101 

pounds 


525,356 

358,353 

630 

6,018 

1,266 

15 

1,008 

57,402 

12,661 

1,119 


Honduran 

Italian 

English 

Mexican 

Nicaraguan 

American 

Salvadorean 

Swiss 

Mixed  Companies 


7 

6,608 

19 

16.380 

20 

12.046 

29 

700 

6 

140 

16 

19.286 

11 

2,255 

9 

14.185 

6 

12,920 

2.079 

1.046,236 

655,386  h^o?a^,i;',,T^"t^  "^T"  l"''""'^  importance.    In  1914  there  were 
lead  of  cattle,  114,451  horses  and  mules,  402,120  sheep,  58,870  goate,  176,510  pigs. 


36 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


The  forest  resources  of  the  republic  are  chiefly  in  the  Department  of  Peten  producing 
campeche,  mahogany,  dye  woods,  hard  woods,  chicle  and  henequen  (sisal).  Mineral 
resources  are  being  developed  principaUy  in  the  Departments  of  Chiquimula  and  Huehue- 
tenango,  and  comprise  sUver,  copper,  and  gold.  There  are  about  135  mines  in  the  repubUc 
The  most  miportant  manufacturing  enterprise  is  the  Cantel  Cotton  Mills  at  Quezaltenango* 
which  import  the  largest  part  of  the  cotton  which  they  consume  from  the  United  States' 
There  are  also  sugar  miUs  and  refineries,  several  smaU  tanneries,  a  shoe  factory  operated  by 
steam  power^  which  hkewise  makes  stationery  and  envelopes;  two  breweries,  one  in 
Guatemala  City  and  one  in  Quezaltenango;  furniture  works,  and  tobacco,  soap,  candle 
and  mineral  water  factories. 

Railways : 

Guatemala's  only  important  railway  system  is  operated  by  the  International  Railways 
of  Central  America,  mcorporated  in  1912  as  a  consolidation  of  the  Guatemala  Central  Rail- 
way, the  Guatemala  Railway,  the  Occidental  Railway  and  the  Ocos  Railway.  The  com- 
pany's hnes  now  extend  from  the  Carribbean  port  of  Puerto  Barrios  to  Guatemala  City 
(194  miles),  thence  to  San  Jos^  on  the  Pacific  coast,  (74  miles),  with  a  branch  from  Santa 
Mana  through  wide  coffee  districts  to  Mazatenango,  (60  miles),  and  thence  to  Champerico, 
a  port  on  the  Pacific  (42  miles);  an  extension  runs  from  Las  Cruces  to  the  Mexican  frontier] 
(54  miles),  and  an  extension  in  the  Republic  of  Salvador  of  99  miles  runs  from  La  Union 
westward  to  Zacatecoluca.  The  total  mileage  of  the  International  Railways  is  445;  195 
miles  are  operated  by  the  Atlantic  division,  139  by  the  Central  division,  12  by  the  bcoa 
division,  and  99  by  the  Salvador  division. 

The  Company  has  projected  a  system  which  should  eventually  be  carried  through 
Nicaragua,  Costa  Rica  and  Panama,  givmg  an  all  rail  route  between  the  United  States, 
Mexico,  Guatemala,  Salvador,  Honduras,  Nicaragua,  Costa  Rica,  Panama,  and  the  Canal 
Zone.  Besides  this  system  the  United  Fruit  Company  operates  92  miles  of  railway,  and  the 
Verapaz  Railway  has  a  29  mile  Une  from  Panzos  to  Panacajche.  There  are  also  light  rail- 
ways owned  by  various  coffee  plantations. 

There  are  about  4,300  miles  of  telephone  and  telegraph  wires  in  operation  with  approxi- 
mately 333  offices  and  stations.    Highway  construction  is  being  pushed;  at  present  the 
majority  of  traffic  away  from  the  railways  is  by  mule. 
Post  Offices: 

There  are  425  post  offices. 

Money : 

The  silver  standard  is  nominally  the  basis  of  the  republic's  currency,  the  theoretical 
unit  being  the  silver  peso  of  100  centavos,  with  an  exchange  value  of  approximately  SO  63 
United  States  currency.  The  actual  currency  in  use  is  inconvertible  paper,  having  no  fixed 
value  in  terms  of  gold  or  foreign  exchange,  the  unit  of  account  being  the  theoretical  silver 
peso.  There  is  a  subsidiary  coinage  of  ^  and  ^  pesos  (silver),  and  reales,  (12>^  centavos) 
and  the  }4  and  }4  real  in  nickel  and  copper.  ' 

Weights  and  Measures : 

The  metric  system  of  weights  and  measures  has  been  officially  adopted,  but  the  old 
Spanish  terms  prevail.    These  are  the  onza  (ounce)  libra  (pound,  equals  1.043  lbs  )  arroba 
(25  Hbras),  quintal  (100  hbras),  tonelada  (ton  of  20  quintals),  and  fanega  (VA  bushels). 
Language :    Spanish . 

Local  Advertising  Media: 

The  principal  local  advertising  media  are  the  two  leading  dailies  in  Guatemala  City 
There  is  also  a  weekly  magazine,  a  weekly  commercial  paper  and  an  agricultural  monthly.' 


GUATEMALA 


37 


Shipping  routes: 

United  Fruit  Company. 

Morgan  Line.     (Southern  Pacific.) 

Panama  Railroad  Steamship  Line. 
Consular  Representatives: 

A  minister  of  the  United  States  is  located  at  Guatemala  City. 

United  States  consular  officials  are  stationed  at  Guatemala,  Livingston,  Puerto  Barrios, 
San  Jos^  de  Guatemala. 

Consular  officials  of  Guatemala  are  stationed  at  Mobile,  Los  Angeles,  San  Diego, 
San  Francisco,  Pensacola,  Chicago,  Kansas  City,  Louisvilje,  New  Orleans,  Baltimore, 
Boston,  Gulfport,  St.  Louis,  Jersey  City,  New  York  City,  Philadelphia,  San  Juan, 
Providence,  Galveston,  St.  Thomas  and  Seattle. 

Customs  tariff: 

The  custom  tariff  of  Guatemala  provides  for  ad  valorem  duties  assessed  on  arbitrarily 
established  valuations  set  forth  in  the  tariff  act  itself. 

Consular  regulations: 

Five  copies  of  consular  invoices,  procurable  only  at  the  consulate,  ($0.35  per  set  of  5) 
are  required  and  must  be  filled  out  in  Spanish.  Two  certified  copies  must  be  forwarded 
to  the  consignee.  Spearate  invoices  must  be  drawn  for  each  different  mark.  Certification 
of  invoices  is  charged  for  at  the  rate  of  2  per  cent,  of  the  declared  value;  every  extra  invoice 
$1.00.  Certification  of  each  set  of  2  bills  of  lading  costs  $1.00;  each  extra  bill  of  lading 
$1.00. 
Cable  Rates: 

San  Jos^  $0.44  per  word;  other  places  $0.49  per  word  from  New  York  or  New  England 
states. 

Postal  rates:  Postal  Union  rates. 

Mail  Time:     Seven  days  via  New  Orleans  to  Guatemala  City. 

Parcel  Post: 

Service  extends  to  Guatemala.     Limit  of  weight,  22  pounds, 
or  fraction  thereof. 
Money  orders:  Not  issued. 
International  reply  coupons:  Not  issued. 


Twelve  cents  per  pound 


HONDURAS 


A  repubUc  of  central  America  bounded  on  the  north  by  the  Caribbean  Sea,  east  by 
Nicaragua,  the  Pacific  Ocean  and  Salvador  and  west  by  Guatemala.  Its  area  is  approxi- 
mately equal  to  that  of  Louisiana. 

There  are  but  two  seasons,  the  wet,  from  May  to  November,  and  the  dry,  from 
November  to  May.  The  climate  of  the  Atlantic  coast  land  is  moist  and  hot,  but  on  the 
highlands  of  the  interior  is  temperate. 

The  principal  industries  of  Honduras  are  agriculture,  mining,  the  raising  of  livestock  and 
the  cutting  of  timber.  Bananas  and  cocoanuts,  both  grown  on  the  Caribbean  coast,  are 
the  principal  agricultural  products,  silver  the  principal  mineral  product,  and  mahogany 
and  dyewoods  the  most  important  of  the  timber  resources.  A  considerable  amount  of 
American  capital  is  invested  in  both  the  mines  and  the  banana  plantations  of  Honduras. 


1  ' 

;   r 


38 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


More  than  two-thirds  of  the  total  imports  of  Honduras  are  ordinarily  supplied  by  the 
United  States.  During  the  five  year  i)eriod  from  1912-13  to  1916-17  the  average  share  of 
the  United  States  in  the  import  trade  of  Honduras  was  82  per  cent.,  the  minimum  share 
being  67  per  cent,  during  the  year  1912-13,  and  the  maximum  share  being  91  per  cent, 
in  1915-16.  Of  the  total  imports  in  1918  the  United  States  suppUed  83  per  cent,  and  took 
88  per  cent,  of  the  total  exports.  The  per  capita  foreign  trade  of  Honduras  in  1918 
amounted  to  $23.22;  imports  to  $9.38;  exports  to  $13.84. 

Area  and  Population 

Honduras  is  the  third  largest  of  the  Central  American  republics.  It  has  an  estimated 
area  of  46,250  square  miles,  and  an  estimated  population  of  650,000,  (553,446,  according 
to  the  census  of  1910),  or  14  per  square  mile.  The  inhabitants  are  principally  Indian  with 
varying  degrees  of  Spanish  blood,  and  a  large  number  of  Negroes  on  the  Caribbean  (north- 
em)  Coast.  The  country  is  divided  into  17  departments  and  1  territory.  La  Mosquitia, 
which,  although  the  second  largest  geographical  division,  is  virtually  unexplored  forest 
land  populated  by  native  Indians  who  speak  no  Spanish. 

The  capital  of  Honduras  is  Tegucigalpa,  with  a  population  of  58,950  m  1914.  It  has 
the  distinction  of  being  the  only  capital  city  in  the  Americas  not  accessible  by  raih^ad. 

The  chief  ports  are  Amapala,  on  the  Pacific,  and  Puerto  Cort&,  Tela,  Ceiba  and 
Trujillo  on  the  Atlantic.  Other  cities  are  La  Esperanza  (pop.  11,453),  San  Pedro  Sula 
(pop.  7820)  and  Sants  Rosa  (pop.  10»574). 

The  climate  is  tropical  along  the  coast  fines  and  cool  in  the  mountainous  regions  and 
plateaus  of  the  interior.  The  territory  of  the  repubfic  is  mountainous  throughout,  with 
high  plateaus  and  valleys,  among  them  the  plain  of  Comayagua,  40  miles  in  length.  ' 

Commerce 

The  value  of  the  total  foreign  trade  of  Honduras  in  1918  was  $15,100,000.  Of  this 
total,  imports  were  estimated  at  $6,100,000  and  exports  at  $9,000,000. 

According  to  official  reports,  the  foreign  trade  of  Honduras  for  the  fiscal  year  ending 
July  31,  1917,  was:  Imports,  $6,293,162  U.  S.  gold,  and  exports,  13,383,630  pesos  silver. 
Estimating  the  gold  premium  at  66  (i.  e.,  1.66  pesos  silver  =  $1  gold),  the  exports  expressed 
in  gold  would  be  $8,030,177,  and  the  total  foreign  trade  $14,323,339  (U.  S.  currency). 

For  the  preceding  fiscal  year  (1915-1916)  the  foreign  trade  was:  Imports,  $4,452,109 
gold;  exports  10,476,412  pesos  silver.  Expressed  in  gold  (gold  premium  estimated  in 
this  year  at  150),  the  exports  would  be  $4,190,565,  U.  S.  currency,  and  the  total  trade 
$8,642,674. 

The  chief  imports  are  cotton  textiles,  foodstuffs,  pharmaceutical  products,  boots  and 
shoes,  machinery,  implements  and  manufactures  of  iron  and  steel. 

Value  of  the  total  foreign  trade  of  the  United  States  with  Honduras  for  eleven  years: 


Year 

ended 

Exports 

Imports 

Excess  of 
exports  (♦) 

or 
imports  (-) 

June 
30 

Domestic 

Foreign 

Total 

Free 

Dutiable 

Total 

Per 
Cent. 

1909 
1910 
1911 
1912 
1913 
1914 
1915 
1916 
1917 
1918 
1919 

$1,466,315 
1.579,208 
2,096,424 
2,412,425 
3,113.801 
4,779,980 
4,907,414 
4,558,981 
5,668,001 
4,560,212 

$33,317 
26,285 
29,590 
48,844 
54,961 
93,532 
97,029 
50,434 
24,553 
67.917 

$1,499,632 
1.605.493 
2.126,014 
2,461,269 
3,168.762 
4,873,512 
5.004,443 
4.609.415 
5,692,554 
4,618,129 
5.519,137 

$2,123,276 
2,003.636 
2,650,340 
2,774,945 
3,195,143 
3,108,689 
2,571,096 
2,804,367 
4,059.760 
4,479,170 

$27,476 

8,589 

6,669 

6,027 

5,448 

21.639 

22.428 

174,106 

627,395 

956,639 

$2,150,752 
2.012.225 
2,657,009 
2,780,972 
3.200,591 
3,130,328 
2.593,524 
2.978,473 
4,687,155 
5,437,809 
6,250,412 

98.73 
99.57 
99.75 
99.78 
99.83 
99.31 
99.14 
94.15 
86.61 
82.37 

-  $651,120 

-  406,732 

-  530,995 

-  319,703 

-  31,829 

-  1.743.184 

♦  2.410,919 

♦  1,630,943 

♦  1,005,399 

-  819,680 

1 

-     731,276 

HONDURAS 


39 


Imports  by  countries  for  the  last  five  fiscal  years  in  U.  S.  currency: 


Countries 


1912-13 


1913-14 


1914-15 


1915-16 


1916-17 


United  States. .. 
United  Kingdom 
Central  America. 

Germany 

France 

Spain 

Italy 

Belgium 

Mexico 

Japan 

Other  countries 


Total 


$3,463,662 

751,652 

97,960 

558.327 

148,280 

45,857 

32.842 

12,418 

5,639 

11.800 

4.242 

$5,132,679 


$5,262,043 

496.205 

94.701 

521,837 

141.598 

39,901 

42,942 

9,381 

1,750 

17,249 

3.323 

$6,624,930 


$5,177,000 
327,000 
113,000 
96,000 
55,000 
31,000 
25,000 


6,000 
44,000 

$5,87i.000 


$4,082,584 
100,000 
150,000 

"50,666 


$4,452,109 


$5,618,000 
200,000 
150,000 

50,666 


$6,293,162 


Note:— Gold  premium  averaged  as  follows:   1912-13  and  1913-14,  150;  1914-15,  175;  1915-16.  150;  1916-17, 
166  2-3. 

Value  of  exports  by  countries  of  destination  for  the  last  5  years: 


Countries 


1912-13 


1913-14 


1914-15 


1915-16 


1916-17 


United  States .  .  . 
Central  America 
United  Kingdom 

Italy 

Germany 

Peru© 

France® 

Mexico® 

Other  oountries . 

Total 


$2,765,482 

166,647 

56,559 

131 

169,746 

11.596 

5.007 

4,106 

1,692 

$3,180,966 


$2,974,096 

221,343 

53.352 

120 

164,586 

2,316 

3,852 

1.664 


$3,421,329 


$3,060,766 

53,801 

14,091 

4,026 

707 


29.188 
$3,162,579 


$4,000,000  ff 

loo.ooog 

10,000® 


6,000® 


$4,190,565 


$7,679,291 
181,619 

" '  2,286 

■  ■ ' "  9,786 

19,1130 

1.980 

136,114 

$8,030,177 


Note:  ®  In  1914-15  included  in  "other  oountries."     ®  Estimate. 

The  principal  exports  are  bananas,  cocoanuts,  coffee,  hides,  rubber,  cattle,  mahogany, 
gold,  and  silver. 

Production  and  Industry 

The  four  principal  sources  of  national  wealth  are  agriculture,  the  raising  of  Uvestock, 
timber  resources  and  mining.  The  principal  crop  is  bananas,  which,  with  cocoanuts,  are 
grown  extensively  on  the  Caribbean  Coast,  never  further  inland  than  from  50  to  75  miles. 
The  annual  value  of  the  exports  from  Puerto  Cortes  averages  $1,000,000.  Tobacco  is 
grown  extensively  in  the  Departments  of  Coban  and  El  Paraiso,  and  is  exported  to  neigh- 
boring countries  and  to  Peru.  Wheat,  corn,  rice,  beans,  coffee  and  indigo  are  likewise 
cultivated.  There  are  3658  farms  and  1561  cattle  ranches.  There  were  in  1914,  489,000 
head  of  cattle  in  the  repubUc,  10.57  per  square  mile  and  1.78  per  capita.  There  were, 
besides,  43,549  horses  and  14,000  mules.  The  center  of  this  industry  is  the  Departments  of 
Olancho  and  Cholubeca,  Cortes,  Colon,  Atlantida  and  Yoro. 

The  mineral  wealth  of  the  country  consists  of  silver,  gold,  copper,  iron,  lead,  antimony 
and  mercury.  The  richest  silver  mine  in  Central  America  is  located  at  San  Juancito, 
about  20  miles  from  Tegucigalpa. 

Mining  claims  may  be  denounced  by  any  individual  to  the  extent  of  1000  hectares 
(hectare=2.47  acres),  and  free  entry  through  the  customs  at  Amapala  is  granted  to  all 
mining  equipment  imported.  There  have  been  700  mines  denounced  thus  far.  The  princi- 
pal forest  resources  are  mahogany  and  dyewoods. 


¥ 


'i 


I  » 

1 


40 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN '^MARKETS 


NICARAGUA 


41 


There  are  106  registered  factories  in  the  republic,  the  only  articles  of  domestic  manu- 
facture exported  being  "Panama"  hats  and  cigars.    Other  establishments  produce  soap 
(^rstilir  ''^^^'  ^""^  ^^^""^  *'^  ^^""^^^^  foundries,  sugar  refineries  and  aguardiente 

Railways : 

The  total  length  of  railways  in  operation  in  1916  was  approximately  321  miles  all  the 
mileage  being  located  on  the  Caribbean  side  of  the  repubhc,  most  of  it  having  been  built  to 
facihtate  the  banana  and  timber  trade.  The  National  Railway  is  55  mUes  in  length  and 
runs  from  Puerto  Cortes  via  San  Pedro  Sula  to  PotrevUlos.  The  Tela  Railroad  operates  23 
miles  of  track.    Other  Unes  are  operated  by  banana  cultivating  interests. 

Telegraphs,  Telephones  and  Post  Offices: 

There  are  4^865  miles  of  telegraph  hne  and  267  offices;  552  miles  of  telephone  hne  and 
301  stations;  207  post  offices  The  capital,  Tegucigalpa,  is  without  railroad  communica- 
tion of  any  kmd.  A  hne  of  freight  and  passenger  automobiles  runs  from  Amapala  on  the 
Pacific  Coast  to  the  capital,  making  the  trip  in  12  hours.  From  Puerto  Cortes,  on  the 
Atlantic  coast  the  tnp  takes  1  week.  Traffic  is  still  largely  handled  by  bullock  carts 
though  the  automobile  is  growing  in  favor.  ' 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures: 

The  currency  of  the  republic  is  based  on  the  saver  standard,  the  unit  being  the  peso 
of  100  centavos.  The  value  of  the  peso  fluctuates  with  the  rise  or  fall  in  the  price  of  silver 
m  the  International  market.  There  is  a  subsidiary  sUver  coinage  of  50,  25  20  10  and  5 
centavo  piec^.  Paper  banknotes  are  in  circulation,  and  these  Ukwise  fluctuate  greatly 
in  value.  There  are  3  banks  in  Honduras,  the  Banco  de  Hondm-as  with  head  office  at 
Tegucigalpa  and  6  branches,  the  Banco  de  Comercio  at  Tegucigalpa,  and  the  Banco  Atlan- 
tida  at  Ceiba.  The  metric  system  of  weights  and  measures  is  legal,  but  the  American  system 
and  Spamsh  vara  of  32  inches,  arroba  of  25  lbs.,  quintal  of  100  lbs.,  tonela^a  of  200^^^ 
are  hkewise  m  general  use.  ^* 

Diplomatic  and  Consular  Officials: 

The  United  States  has  a  minister,  consul,  and  vice  consul  at  TeeuciiralnR-  r.nn-,.i. 
and  ^ce  consuls  in  Ceiba  and  Puerto  Cortes,  and  consular  agents  in  BoZZnlliTT^ 
San  Pedro  Sula  and  Amapala.  '  *^""*'**"'  ^*^*»> 

Honduras  has  a  minister  at  Washington,  consuls  general  in  New  York  San  PVa«  • 
and  New  Orleans    consuls  in  Waahington,  D.  C,  and  Mobile   hTn^t;  Z^tZ 
Angeles,  Tampa,  St  I^u.s,  Boston,  Chicago,  Kansas  City,  Gaiveston.  and  a^tonor^y 
Vice  consul  in  New  York.  "unorary 

Language :    Spanish. 

Shipping  Routes: 

United  Fruit  Company. 

Panama  Railroad  Steamship  Line. 

Morgan  Line  (Southern  Pacific). 
Customs  Tariff: 

The  customs  tariff  of  Honduras  provides  specific  duties  on  gross  weight  oerhRlfHi. 

gram  upon  approximately  1660  enumerated  articles. 
Consular  Regulations: 

Four  copies  of  consular  invoice  drawn  in  Spanish  are  required      Bills  nf  i  ^• 
must  be  certified  by  the  consul   (charge  $1.00).    Certification  offconsullrinvoLt^ 


charged  for  on  a  shding  scale  based  upon  the  value  of  the  shipment.  Commerical  in- 
voice must  be  certified  by  the  consul  (no  charge)  and  must  be  presented  by  consignee. 
Numbers  must  be  marked  on  each  package  to  correspond  with  those  on  bills  of  lading  and 
consular  invoices.    Packages  may  be  marked  with  either  stencil  or  brush. 

Cable  Rates:     Forty-nine  cents  a  word  from  New  York  or  New  England  States. 

Postal  Rates:    Postal  Union  rates. 

Mail  Time:    Eight  days  to  Puerto  Cortes  from  New  York. 

Parcels-Post:    Service  extends  to  Honduras.     Limit  of  weight,  11  pounds.    Prohibitions: 

Arms  and  ammunitions. 

Money  Orders:    Issued. 

International  Reply  Coupons:    Issued. 


NICARAGUA 

A  republic  of  Central  America,  bounded  on  the  north  by  Honduras,  on  the  east  by 
the  Carribbean  Sea,  on  the  south  by  Costa  Rica,  and  on  the  west  by  the  Pacific  Ocean. 
Its  area  is  approximately  equal  to  that  of  the  state  of  New  York. 

The  climate  of  the  interior  uplands  is  mild  and  healthy,  but  elsewhere  is  distinctly 
tropical.  There  are  two  seasons,  the  wet  from  May  to  November  on  the  Pacific  sloj>e  and 
from  June  to  December  on  the  Caribbean,  and  the  dry,  which  lasts  throughout  the  winter 
months. 

The  principal  industries  of  Nicaragua  are  agriculture  and  mining.  The  chief  agricul- 
tural products  are  bananas,  which  are  grown  in  the  vicinity  of  Bluefields,  on  the  Carribbean 
coast,  sugar,  coffee  and  cocoa;  the  principal  mineral  product  is  gold.  American  investments 
in  Nicaragua  are  extensive,  and  the  financial  affairs  of  the  country  are  practically  controlled 
by  American  banking  houses.  The  United  States  Government  exercises  supervision  over 
the  foreign  relations  of  the  government  as  well  as  over  its  fiscal  condition. 

An  important  factor  which  should  be  taken  into  consideration  in  transacting  business 
with  Nicaragua  is  the  almost  total  lack  of  communication  between  the  Caribbean  and 
Pacific  coasts. 

The  United  States  normally  supplies  more  than  half  of  Nicaragua's  imports,  the 
annual  average  share  of  the  United  States  during  the  last  six  years  for  which  statistics 
are  available  having  been  82  per  cent. 

Of  the  total  imports  the  United  States  in  1918  supplied  78  per  cent,  and  took  82  per 
cent,  of  the  total  exports.  The  per  capita  foreign  trade  of  Nicaragua  amounted  to  $19.45; 
imports  to  $8.43,  exports  to  $11.02. 

Area  and  Population 

The  estimated  population,  1914,  was  703,540.  About  75  per  cent,  of  the  inhabitants 
live  in  the  western  half  of  the  republic.  For  administrative  purposes  the  country  is  divided 
into  thirteen  departments  and  five  districts,  as  follows: 

Departments:  Bluefields  (formerly  Zelaya),  capital,  Bluefields;  Managua,  capital, 
Managua;  Granada,  capital,  Granada;  Leon,  capital,  Leon;  Carazo,  capital,  Jinotepe; 
Rivas,  capital,  Rivas;  Chinandega,  capital,  Chinandega;  Esteli,  capital,  Esteli;  Jinotega, 
capital,  Jinotega;  Nieva  Sevogia,  capital,  Ocotal;  Matagalpa,  capital,  Matagalpa;  Rio 
Grande,  capital,  Rio  Grande;  Chontales,  capital,  Juigalpa. 

Districts:     Cabo  Gracias,  Prinzapolca,  Rio  Grande,  Siquia,  San  Juan  del  Norte. 

The  capital  of  Nicaragua  is  Managua  (population  34,872).    Other  cities  are,  Leon 


(I 


42 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


13  miles  from  the  PaciBc  coast  and  45  miles  northwest  of  Managua  (population  62  569V 
Granada,  (population  17,100);  Corinto,  the  chief  Pacific  port  (po^at  on  2^mr<?.„  T      ' 

15  o^T-  k^'"'f '°°  /''•^''  •""^^^••^''  *■>«  '"^«'  p««  Ti^T^^^Zo^l^llZ 

^'^  '  m"""  (P<'P'J''t'on  14.000);  Matagalpa  (population  15,570);  Jinotega  (ZuTatio! 
10^     T      7"   '"''"""°°  ''•"*^^'  Chinandega  (population  10,6m;Ca  (Zution 

Commerce 

The  value  of  the  total  foreign  trade  of  Nicaragua  in  1918  was  $13  6S4  749     nf  ,u- 
total  imports  amounted  to  $5,929,802  and  exports  ^$7,754,9^         ^13,684,742.     Of  this 


Value  of  the  total  foreign  trade  of  the  United  States  with  Nicaragua  for  11  yeare: 


Excess  of 
expKjrts  (♦) 

or 
imports  (-) 


1909 
1910 
1911 
1912 
1913 
1914 
1915 
1916 
1917 
1918 
1919 


$1,334,651 
1,653.553 
2.452.945 
2,424,409 
2,756,583 
2,563.071 
1,972,022 
3,008.259 
4.467,341 
4,254.481 


120,736 
37,239 
22.847 
62.469 

169,224 
65,963 

115,656 

160,845 
66.272 

123.207 


11,355,287 
1.690,792 
2.475,792 
2.486,878 
2,925,807 
2,629,034 
2.087,678 
3,169.104 
4.533,613 
4,377,688 
5,519,137 


$850,016 
1.249.792 
1.440.831 
1.503.321 
1.433.933 
1.385.331 
2,179,784 
2,346,583 
2,744.890 
4.385.785 


$154,795 

72.168 

1,468 

1.826 

4.006 

9.917 

22.126 

48.241 

281.168 

204,252 


$1,004,811 
1.321,767 
1.442.299 
1.505.147 
1.437.939 
1,395,248 
2.201.910 
2.394,824 
3,026,058 
4,590.037 
4.596,302 


$84.60 
94.54 
99.90 
99.88 
99.72 
99.29 
99.00 
97.90 
90.71 
95.55 


$350,476 
369,025 

1.033.493 
981.731 

1,487.868 

1.233.786 
114,232 
774,280 

1,507,555 
212.349 
922,835 


Foreign  trade  of  Nicaragua  during  11  years: 


Year 


Imports 


Exports 


Total 


1908 
1909 
1910 
1911 
1912 


$2,958,878 
2,583.257 
2,856,305 
5,724.695 
4.966.820 


^9^3 i     5.770.006 


Year 


$3,647,984 
3,989.428 
4,545.022 
6.579.414 
3.861.516 
7,712,047 


Imports        Exports 


$6,606,862 

1914 

6,572,685 

1915 

7,401,327 

1916 

12.304,109 

1917 

8,828,336 

1918 

13,482.053 

Total 


4,134.323 
3.159.220 
4.777.597 
6.393,068 
5,929,802 


4.955.050 
4.567.201 
5,284.863 
5,975,256 
7,754,940 


Imports  by  countries  for  6  years: 


9.089,373 

7,726,421 

10,062,460 

12.368.324 

13.684.742 


United  States 

United  Kingdom 
France 

Italy ; ; ; ; ; 

Spain '.'..'" 

Salvador 

Honduras 

Costa  Rica 

West  Indies ......." 

Guatemala [[ 

British  Honduras 

Germany •  •  •  •  • 

Japan 

China 

Coimtries  of  Africa ...... 

Ofher  countries  of  America 
Other  countries  of  Europe . 


Total 


$2,549,026 

939.290 

256.255 

121,610 

58,656 

77.340 

3.490 

2,659 

'  i'6.785 

604.038 
15.. 569 

130,292 
129 

102,914 
88.767 

$4,966,820 


$3,244,008 

1,150,611 

400,677 

144.361 

55,883 

13,203 

141 

3,234 

798 

'  619,213 

5,227 

67,932 

28.470 
36,149 

$5,770,006 


$2,566,368 

718,264 

254,108 

115,312 

53,969 

3,779 

1.206 

3,299 

i.553 

391,41  i 

1 

665 

7.061 
17.327 

$4,1.34.323 


$2,592,799 

302,294 

138,218 

43,963 

20,247 

3.059 

2,106 

4.030 

9i4 

36,960 
136 
196 

9.i62 
5.196 


$3,855,900 
610,522 
202.205 
34.246 
29,,399 
9.288 
8.516 
4,196 
4,055 
1.381 
951 
321 
146 
39 

8,586 
7,846 


$5,171,468 
818,614 
249,359 
40,968 
32,407 
29.985 
4.145 
10.627 
5.203 
3.321 
375 
388 
441 
28 

2l'.i56 
4.583 


NICARAGUA 


43 


Imports  by  articles  and  principal  countries  of  origin  in  1917: 


Values  1917 


Articles 


Values  1917 


Cotton  Goods: 

Piece  goods 

United  States 

United  Kingdom 

France 

Raady-made  clothing 

United  States 

Thread 

United  Kingdom 

France 

All  other 

United  States 

United  Kingdom 

Liquors,  beers,  wines,  etc: 

Malt  liquors 

Uniteid  States .■••,••• 

Mineral  waters,  natural  and  artificial. . 

United  States 

Spirits     distilled     (brandy,     whiskey, 
cordials,  and  liquors) 

United  States 

United  Kingdom 

France 

^nes 

United  States 

Italy 

All  other 

United  Kingdom 

Cement 

United  States 

Vegetable  fibers: 

Bags  and  jute 

United  Kingdom 

United  States 

Linen  piece  goods 

United  States 

Other  manufactures  of  linen 

United  States 

United  Kingdom 

All  other  vegetable  fibers 

United  States 

Manufactures  of  iron  and  steel: 
Bars,  rods,  ingots  castings  and  struc- 
tural  

United  States 

Cutlery 

United  States 

Domestic    ware,    including    enameled 
ware 

United  States 

Agricultural  machinery 

United  States 

Sewing  machines 

United  States 

All  other  machinery 

United  States 

Rails 

United  States 

Sheets  and  plates,  including  galvanized 
iron  and  tinplate 

United  States 

Tools  and  implements. . . 

United  States 

United  Kingdom, 
Wire 

United  States. ..........'.'.'.'.'.'.'..'. 

Nails,  and  all  other  manufactures  of 

iron  and  steel 

United  States 


$1,412,260 

891,654 

417,133 

95,169 

220.585 

212.594 

86.786 

63.418 

14,412 

155,575 

96,926 

42,130 

46,447 

42,722 

6,466 

4,402 

43.129 

22,339 

11.052 

8,983 

47.179 

27,101 

10.351 

9,593 

7,305 

20.620 

20.585 

92,210 

75.624 

16.388 

16.559 

15.009 

3.522 

1,812 

1,505 

52.806 

43,729 


25.076 
24.833 
12,131 
11,830 

40,982 

38.759 

3.613 

3.613 

14.173 

14,135 

440,224 

429,322 

27,068 

27,068 

35,812 
35,812 
82,818 
70,202 
10,902 
44,493 
43,173 

1,140,188 
135,324 


Woolen  Goods: 

Caipets 

United  States 

Piece  goods 

United  Kingdom 

United  States 

Wearing  apparel 

United  States 

United  Kingdom 

All  other  manufactures  of  wool 

United  States 

Paper  and  Manufactures: 

Books  and  other  printed  matter 

United  States 

France 

Newsprint  paper 

United  States 

Surface-coated  paper  and  blank  books 

United  States 

All  other  paper 

United  States 

Spain 

Oils — mineral: 

Petroleum 

United  States 

Benzine,  gasoline  and  naptha 

United  States 

All  other 

United  States 

Hides,  skins,  and  manufactures: 

Hides  and  skins— dressed 

United  States 

Boots  and  shoes 

United  States 

All  other  manufactures  of  leath^. ... 

United  States 

Food  products: 

Rice 

United  States 

Wheat  flour 

United  States 

Indian  corn 

United  States 

Sugar 

United  States 

CofTee 

United  States 

Meat  and  dairy  products: 

Butter,  cheese,  and  substitutes 

United  States 

Meat  products,  unclassified 

United  States 

Milk  and  substitutes 

United  States 

Fruits  and  products: 

Fruits,  canned  and  preserved 

United  States 

Vegetables  and  products: 

Beans 

United  States 

Prepared  or  preserved  vegetables  .... 

United  States 

Fish  and  fish  products: 

Canned  or  preserved  fish 

United  States 

Chemicals,  drugs  and  medicines 

United  States 


1,354 

1,198 

34,787 

15,806 

15.535 

36.427 

17.941 

15.056 

1,460 

728 

18,449 
11,224 

3.837 
12.193 
12.193 
40,105 
34,694 
38.545 
27.519 

5,782 

10,495 

101,495 

103,965 

123.918 

72.114 

71,502 

102,443 
101,864 
113,023 
112,583 
14,274 
12,737 

180.807 

154,100 

400,322 

400,322 

18,177 

18.177 

7,529 

7.529 

17.239 

15,349 

23.240 
23.036 
36.187 
35.802 
13,712 
13,678 

27.202 
20.561 

89,985 
89,484 
18.554 
16,732 

31.128 

30.121 

501.561 

398,727 


I 


I 


$3,159,220     $4,777,597      $6,393,068 


Continued  on  page  44 


44 


If 

I 

i 


I 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Table  Continued: 


Silk  goods: 

Piece  goods 

United  States.  .  . 

WearinK  apparel 

United  States 

France ' ' 

All  other  silk  manufactures 

Lnited  States 

France ] 

All  other  imports: 

Olive  oil 

United  States. ..'..' 
United  Kingdom . 

Spain ' ' 

Other  vegetable  oils 

United  States.  ..      

Dynamite 

United  States.  .  ." .' 

Gunpowder  and  other  explosives  ' 

Umted  States 

Rubber,    gutta-percha,    celluloid' 
manufactures . 
Umted  States.  .  

Soap •_  ; 

iMited  States.  ...'.' 

United  Kingdom.    , 

Jewelry 

United  States.  ..'.'.*.' 

Gold  and  silver  manufactures 

Umted  States 


and 


24.237 
20,097 
42,591 
31,611 

9,233 
22,652 
15.707 

4.924 

6,972 

2,197 

2,112 

1,652 

98,836 

98,417 

70,674 

70,674 

32,004 

32,002 

37.257 

35,635 

18,199 

15,589 

75,938 

47.714 

27,632 

14,756 

13,329 

65,405 

65,026 


All  other  imports — Con. 
Copper  and  manufactures 
United  States 


Wood  and  manufactures: 

Furniture 

United  States.  '.'.'..'. 

Other  manufactures  of  wood." 

United  States 

Perfumer>-,  cosmetics  and  toilet  articiee 

r ranee. ... 

United  States.'  .'.'.".'.*.'■■ 

Paints,  pigment*,  and  dyes 

,  Umted  States 

Hats  and  caps.  .  

United  States.. 

Italy '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.v.'. 

Tobacco  and  manufactures: 

Cigars  and  cigarettes  . 

United  States.  ..  .  

All  other 

United  States. 

Candles ' 

United  States.  ..........', 

Glass  and  glassware  . 

United  States 

Matches 

United  States. 

Coal 


United  Stat« 


Imports  by  principal  articles  for  6  years: 


Articles 


1912 


1913 


1914 


1915 


Cotton  goods 

Liquors,  beer,  wines,  and  other 

beverages 

Cement 

Vegetable  fibers  and  manufac- 
tures  

Iron  and  Steel  manufactures 

Woolen  goods 

Paper  and  manufactures 
Petroleum "  *  ' 

Hides  and  skins  and  manufac- 
tures  

Food  products: 

Rice 

Sugar 

Coffee ■  ■  ■  ■  ■ 

Meat  and  dairy  products.  ' 
Fruits  and  products. 

Wheat  flour '.  ' .' '  ' 

Vegetables  and  products  . 

Indian  corn 

Fish  and  fish  products 
All  other 

Chemicals    drugs,    knd    m'edi 
cines 

Silk  goods 

All  other  imports. .  . . . 


Total . 


$1,259,869 

227,835 
16,273 

72,691 
658,507 
89.746 
77,830 
45.255 

140,556 

230,801 
29,899 
19,575 

117.193 
23,458 

469,325 
93,538 
57,965 
37,989 
32.927 

173,125 
149,085 
964,378 

$4,996,820 


1916 


$1,417,32    $828,215 


238,881 
14,419 

135.008 

786,901 

95,797 

81,776 

106.377 

223.205 

172.645 
36.941 
28,383 
137,196 
27.272 
223,744 
97,574 
35,813 
51,265 
79,184 

231,959 

149,905 

1.398,729 

$5,770,006 


140.789 
16.531 

116.388 

520,790 

83,997 

67,445 

83,905 

186.449 

134.882 
26.718 
23.590 
88.005 
21.247 
336,895 
73,669 
15,199 
28,892 
65,469 

200.346 

8l»,0ti9 

985.833 

•4,134,323 


$592,206 

74,221 
12,734 

77.173 
380.871 
33.170 
53.729 
87,085 

145,497 

145.550 
26.542 
17,195 
72.740 
13.010 

378,394 

67,697 

54,382 

9.670 

53.483 

181.724 

47,441 

634,706 

$3,159,220 


$1,156,821 

111.646 
20.575 

203.032 

608.468 

38.045 

69.291 

88.760 

233.062 

131,397 
17,704 
21,144 
82,042 
20,131 

294,843 
94,243 
10.605 
21.213 
71,962 

430.566 

50.853 

1.001,204 

$4,777,597 


63,191 
66.204 

11.059 

10,738 

18.889 

17.692 

54.314 

28.431 

23.392 

25.087 

24.938 

40,763 

25,602 

10,743 

18,150 

13,219 

13,157 

13,064 

37,058 

36,330 

32,096 

31,613 

28,194 

28,192 

12,760 

12,760 


1917 


$1,875,209 

152,816 
20,621 

165,097 

866,479 

74,028 

109,373 

101.495 

229,741 

180,807 
7,529 
17,239 
79,744 
31,552 
400.322 
124,360 
18,178 
31.128 
51.262 

501,661 

89,481 

1.265,046 

$6,393,068 


NICARAGUA 


Exports  by  articles  and  principal  countries  of  destination  in  1917; 


Quantity 


Value 


Quantity 


Coffee: 

Cleaned Kilos 

7,514.511 

United  States " 

4,112.227 

France " 

2,335,470 

Italy " 

Spam " 

Shell •• 

738,281 

156,110 

849,324 

United  States " 

809,722 

Discolored " 

64.459 

France " 

19,209 

Italy •' 

22,296 

Spaxn •• 

15,527 

Gold: 

Amalgamated 

In  bars 

Concentrates 

Dust 

All  of  the  above  to  the  U 

nited  State 

SUver: 

In  bars 

Concentrates 

All  to  the  United  States. 

Bananas Bunches 

959,855 

United  States " 

959,855 

Hides  and  skins: 

Cattle  hides Kilos 

1,123,928 

United  States " 

1,121,613 

Deerskins ** 

102,250 

United  States ** 

102,215 

Rubber " 

295.350 

United  States " 

295,221 

$1,532,932 

855,945 

475,645 

134,456 

30,975 

220,334 

209,796 

8,340 

2.505 

2,908 

2,547 

427,633 

166,183 

287,559 

36,539 


s. 


34,462 
64.264 

479.927 
479.927 

460,73S 

459,228 

61,696 

61.575 

$258,852 

258,706 


Woods: 

Mahogany 

United  States 

Cedar 

United  States 

Nambar 

United  States 

Dyewoods  and  dyes 

France 

Italy 

Sugar Kilos 

United  States " 

Canada *' 

Cocoanuts No. 

United  States " 

Cacao Kilos 

United  States " 

Salvador " 

Cotton " 

United  States " 

Spain " 

Copper — old 

United  States 

Indian  corn Kilos 

Guatemala " 

Salvador " 

Containers  (drums, 

cylinders,  etc.) 

United  States 


2,911,012 

2,028,319 

620,529 

1,097.423 

1.020,023 

137,829 

89,484 

26,380 

56,365 

24.747 

31.618 


931,443 
802,080 
128.443 


Exports  by  articles  for  6  years : 


Articles 


1912 


1913 


1914 


1915 


1916 


Bananas Bunches. 

Value... 
Cacao Kilos    ,. 

Value. . . 
Cocoanut.s Number 

^  .  Value. . . 

Coffee Kilos    .. 

_,  Value... 

Cotton Kilos    .. 

n  ij  Value. . . 

Gold Kilos    .. 

„. ,          .   ,  .  Value. . . 

Hides  and  skins Kilos    . . 

Rubber Kilos    .. 

„  Value... 

Sugar Kilos    .. 

ur     A  Value... 

Wood Sq.ft... 

Dyewoods  and  dyes Sq.  ft .  ! . 

o;,  Value . . . 

8>'ver Kilos    .. 

r. »  •  Value . . . 

Containers,  empty  (tanks, 

drums,  cylinders,  etc.) . . .  Kilos    . . 

AH  other  exports Value '. . 

Total 


1.447,077 

$423,049 

35,544 

$16,545 

702.736 

$16,700 

6.162,711 

$1,773,105 

116.277 

$25,957 


$907,134 
749.770 

$249,024 
153,760 

$164,830 

356,980 

$25,915 

5,050 

$120,535 

3,087,047 

$20,231 


$118,491 


$3,861,516 


1,393,026 

$429,802 

66,086 

$39,828 

864,857 

$18,741 

11,192,908 

$5,004,449 

873 

$140 


$1,063,077 

684,082 

$326,599 

221,432 

$278,763 

497,217 

$31,805 

7,734 

$321,869 

3.984,053 

$39,455 

508 

$17,137 

273,448 

$37,858 

$102,524 


$7,712,047 


45 


Value 


1,198,125 

1,189,082 

79,988 

79.808 

15,180 

15,180 

6,544 

4,000 

2.544 

231.797 

168,704 

40.289 

30,322 

29,017 

43,861 

23,826 

11,221 

18,959 

9,530 

9,429 

9,697 

9,347 

36,076 

30,334 

5,702 

33,241 
33.241 


1917 


1.525,589 

1.105.648 

1,110,505 

959,856 

$504,191 

$371,947 

$493,567 

$479,928 

62,291 

103,366 

125,695 

137.829 

$29,064 

$37,985 

$57,578 

$43,861 

1,141,543 

965.436 

1,168,356 

1,097,423 

$25,878 

$11,942 

$30,540 

$30,322 

10,350,775 

9.132,547 

10,452,839 

8,428,294 

$2,295,397 

$1,982,660 

$2,170,786 

$1,761,607 

5.698 

94,170 

16,875 

56,366 

$995 
1.919 

$31,105 

$6,774 

$18,959 

$891,025 

$935,261 

$958,943 

$925,628 

783.476 

1,131,584 

1,182,641 

1,226,216 

$401,063 

$535,711 

$499,806 

$522,473 

142,788 

223,314 

295.949 

295,350 

$124,326 

$173,473 

$266,476 

$258,852 

709,246 

212.104 

3,034,538 

2.911,012 

$47,348 

$15,782 

$248,411 

$231,797 

11,895 

7,541,762 

9,684,459 

19,587,125 

$456,239 

$272,049 

$373,601 

$1,304,785 

2,917.804 

6,756,723 

1,852,435 

818,000 

$18,503 

$49,601 

$16,095 

$6,544 

636 

220 

124 

not  sub- 

$52,697 

$20,712 

$9,330 

di\'ided 

309,403 

286.542 

253.708 

not  sub- 

$34,207 

$29,793 

$27,087 

divided 

$74,117 

$99,180 

$135,869 

$390,500 

$4,955,050 

$4,567,201 

$5,284,863 

$5,975,256 

46 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


NICARAGUA 


47 


Exports  by  countries  of  destination  for  6  years: 


1012 


1913 


1914 


1915 


1916 


1917 


United  States 

France 

Italy 

United  Kingdom 

Canada 

Spain 

Salvador 

Guatemala 

Honduras 

British  Honduras 

Costa  Rica 

China 

Germany 

Other  countries  of  Europe . . . 
Other  countries  of  America .  , 

Total 


Sl.766.548 

626,083 

48,437 

515.381 

i",779 

23,009 

721 

31.147 

'9.177 

'  702,256 

108,959 

28,019 

$3,861,516 


$2,722,386 

1,763.187 

98,169 

998,564 

2.769 
24.049 
17,386 
46,436 

7,542 

1,246 

1,887,698 

118.451 

25,176 

$7,712,047 


$2,428,383 

1,156,498 

203,485 

367,066 

5,388 
27.915 

6.886 
15,695 

V.439 

660,756 

145,428 

36,111 

$4,966,060 


$3,079,810 
600,684 
274,312 
438,500 

'35,217 

10.134 

3,623 

17.438 

6',57i 
12,766 

'64,318 
23.828 

$4,567,201 


$3,730,952 

925,744 

253,512 

37,966 

35,900 

27.137 

23,137 

14,549 

8,169 

3,767 

3.497 


139.366 
81,178 

$6,284,863 


$5,092,469 

488,363 

145.420 

2,362 

48,539 

45.707 

24.004 

37.679 

4,859 

80 

9,913 


7.696 
68.266 

$5,975,266 


Production  and  Industiy 

Nicaragua's  principal  sources  of  wealth  are  her  agricultural  industry  and  gold  mines. 
The  chief  crops  are  bananas,  which  are  grown  near  Bluefields,  and  shipped  to  New  Orleans; 
sugar,  which  is  grown  on  the  west  coast,  where  the  by-products,  molasses,  rum  and  alcohol 
are  also  produced;  coffee;  cocoa,  of  which  the  average  yield  is  about  600  lbs.  to  the  acre, 
cocoanuts,  and  pineapples.  Corn,  rice,  and  beans  are  also  raised,  and  the  livestock  industry 
is  developing,  a  recent  estimate  reporting  750,000  cattle  in  the  republic. 

The  forest  wealth  includes  almost  every  variety  of  hard  woods,  but  in  this  industry 
equipment  and  transportation  require  development.  Gold  is  extensively  mined  in  the  east- 
em  portion  of  the  republic.  Manufacturing  has  not  developed,  there  being  only  a  few 
small  ice  factories,  about  a  dozen  saw  mills,  some  furniture  and  cabinet  making  establish- 
ments, several  bottling  plants,  and  a  few  hat  factories.  Food  for  the  eastern  portion 
of  the  republic  is  chiefly  imported  from  the  United  States. 

Money  and  Banks : 

Until  March,  1913,  the  monetary  unit  was  the  silver  peso  with  a  value  of  $0,435,  but 
the  actual  currency  was  inconvertible  paper.  Since  the  estabhshment  of  the  National  Bank 
of  Nicaragua,  Inc.,  controUed  by  New  York  bankers,  the  gold  standard  has  been  adopted 
The  theoretical  unit  is  the  gold  cordoba  of  100  centavos,  with  a  value  equivalent  to  $1.00 
United  States  currency.  No  gold  coins  have  been  struck,  but  the  conversion  rate  for  paper 
was  estabhshed  at  12.50  pesos  paper  for  1  gold  cordoba.  Other  prospected  gold  coins  are 
10,  5,  and  2^  cordobas.  The  silver  coins  are  the  cordoba,  half  and  quarter  cordoba,  10,  5 
1,  and  3^  centavo  pieces.  '      '    ' 

The  total  debt  of  the  country  aggregates  $13,780,662,  of  which  $7,110,000  is  external 
and  $6,670,662  is  internal.    The  average  income  of  the  government  is  about  $2,500,000. 

Weights  and  Measures: 

The  metric  system  of  weights  and  measures  have  been  in  use  since  1893. 

Railways: 

There  is  only  one  railroad.  The  Pacific  Railway  of  Nicaragua,  with  a  total  mileage  of  171 
which  runs  from  Ck)rinto  to  Chinandega,  Leon,  Managua,  Granada  and  Dinamba.  ' 


Telegraphs  and  Telephones: 

There  are  130  telegraph  offices  and  3,637  miles  of  telegraph  lines;  805  miles  of  telephone 
line,  and  wireless  stations  are  projected  for  Managua,  Granada,  San  Carlos,  San  Juan  del 
Norte  and  Castillo. 

Post  Offices: 

In  1915  there  were  130  post  offices. 

Language:    Spanish. 

Shipping  routes: 

United  Fruit  Company. 

Panama  Railroad  Steamship  Line. 

Morgan  Line  (Southern  Pacific). 

Consular  Representatives: 

United  States  consular  officials  are  stationed  at  Bluefields  and  Corinto. 

Nicaraguan  consular  officials  are  stationed  in  the  following  cities:  Los  Angeles  and  San 
Pedro,  Sacramento,  San  Francisco,  Chicago,  Kansas  City  (Kansas),  New  Orleans,  Minne- 
apohs,  Kansas  City  (Missouri),  St.  Louis,  New  York  City,  Cincinnati,  Philadelphia, 
Manila  (P.  I.),  Houston,  Norfolk,  St.  Thomas,  Seattle. 

Customs  Tariff: 

The  customs  tariff  of  Nicaragua  provides  specific  duties  on  gross  weight  per  kilogram 
on  a  schedule  of  approximately  1,630  enumerated  articles. 

Consular  regulations: 

Consular  invoices  (six  copies;  cost  $0.25;  if  two  pages  $0.50)  must  be  made  out  in 
Spanish.  Certification  of  each  set  of  bills  of  lading  costs  $2.00.  A  commercial  invoice 
in  Spanish  must  be  furnished  the  consignee.  Consular  invoices  must  be  taken  out  for  all 
shipments  valued  at  over  $50.00  even  when  sent  by  parcel-post.  Packages  may  be  marked 
with  either  stencil  or  brush.    Separate  invoices  must  be  drawn  for  each  mark. 

Cable  Rates: 

San  Juan  del  Sur  $0.44  per  word;  other  places  $0.49  per  word  from  New  York  or 
New  England  states. 

Postal  rates :    Postal  Union  rates. 

Man  time:    Greytown,  via  New  Orleans,  7  days. 

I  Parcel  Post:    Service  extends  to  Nicaragua.    Limit  of  weight  11  pounds.     If  the  value 
I  \^^  ^^'^^^  °^  ^^  several  parcels  sent  by  the  same  maU  from  the  same  person  to  the  same 
addressee  exceeds  $50  in  value,  the  declaration  must  be  certified  by  the  Nicaraguan  consul . 
Prohibitions:  Telegraph  and  telephone  apparatus,  arras  and  ammunition,  coining  instru- 
ments, police  whistles, 
j  Money  orders :     Not  issued. 

Ilntemational  reply  coupons :    Not  issued. 


48 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


PANAMA 


49 


PANAMA 

A  republic  in  Central  America,  occupying  the  Isthmua  of  Panama,  bounded  on  the  north 
by  the  Caribbean  Sea,  on  the  east  by  Colombia,  of  which  it  was  formerly  a  part,  on  the  south 
by  the  Gulf  of  Panama,  an  arm  of  the  Pacific  Ocean,  and  on  the  west  by  Costa  Rica.  Its 
area  is  approximately  equivalent  to  that  of  the  state  of  Maine. 

The  climate  of  Panama  is  tropical.  There  is  a  wet  and  a  dry  season.  The  wet  season 
18  from  the  middle  of  April  to  the  middle  of  December,  and  the  rain  is  frequent  and  heavy, 
though  of  short  duration.  During  the  wet  season  southeast  winds  prevail,  and  during  the  dry 
season,  northeast  winds. 

The  principal  products  of  Panama  are  bananas  and  cocoanuts.     Minmg  is  an  important 
industry,  the  principal  mineral  products  being  gold,  manganese  and  copper.  Timber  cutting 
the  growing  of  citrus  fruits,  and  the  pearl  fisheries  are  likewise  industries  of  some  importance! 

Within  the  boundaries  of  Panama  is  the  American  possession  of  the  Canal  Zone  a 
strip  of  land  five  miles  wide  on  either  side  of  the  Panama  Canal,  with  certain  islands  in  the 
Bay  of  Panama.  The  total  area  of  the  Canal  Zone  is  5023^  square  miles,  and  its  population 
IS  35,049,  of  whom  18,840  are  Americans.  The  total  area  of  the  zone  is  approximately 
one  and  sixty-five  one  hundredths  per  cent,  of  the  total  area  of  the  Republic  of  Panama 
which  is  32,380  square  miles.  ' 

The  cities  of  Panama  at  the  Pacific  entrance  to  the  canal  and  Col6n  at  the  Atlantic 
entrance  remain  as  a  part  of  the  republic,  but  complete  jurisdiction  over  the  cities  with 
respect  to  samtary  matters  is  possessed  by  the  United  States.  Cristobal,  the  Atlantic 
entrance  to  the  Canal,  and  Balboa,  at  the  Pacific  entrance,  which  have  become  the  ports  for 
Col6n  and  Panama,  respectively,  are  included  in  the  territory  of  the  Canal  Zone. 

United  States  statistics  of  foreign  commerce  do  not  distinguish  between  exports  to 
the  Canal  Zone  and  those  to  the  Republic  of  Panama.  The  official  statistics  compiled  by 
the  Republic  of  Panama  do  not  include  the  imports  of  the  Canal  Zone  in  those  of  the 
Republic.  Of  the  total  imports  in  1918  the  United  States  supplied  81  per  cent,  and  took 
98  per  cent,  of  the  total  exports.  The  per  capita  foreign  trade  of  Panama  amounted  to 
$37.15;  imports  to  $17.38;  exports  to  $19.77. 


Area  and  Population 

The  estunated  population  of  the  republic  in  1916  was  450,000. 
into  eight  provinces  as  follows: 


The  republic  is  divided 


Provinces 


Capitals 


Population 

of 
Capitals 


Provinces 


Bcoas  del  Toro 

Cocl6 

Col6n 

Chiriqui 


Capitals 


Bocas  del  Toro 

Penonom6 

Colon 

David 


9,000 

6.000 

30,000 

15,000 


Population 

of 
Capitals 


Herrera .  .  . 
Los  Santos. 
Panama. . . 
Veragua. . . 


Chitr6 

Los  Santos  (Las  Tablas) 

Panamd 

Santiago 


6,000 

8,000 

50.000 

7,000 


The  population  is  chiefly  "Mestizo,"  or  mixed  Indian,  Spanish  and  Negro  blood  there 
being  about  200,000  of  this  class.  There  are  about  3,500  Chinese,  many  West  Indian 
Negroes,  and  a  comparatively  small  number  of  European  and  American  immigrants. 


Commerce 

The  value  of  the  total  foreign  trade  of  Panama  in  1918  was  $16,721,660.     Of  this 
total,  imports  amounted  to  $7,821,660  and  exports  were  estimated  at  $8,900,000. 

Value  of  the  total  foreign  trade  of  the  United  States  with  Panama,  including  the  Canal 
Zone,  for  11  years: 


Year 
en  dp<l 

Exports 

Imports 

Per 

cent, 
free 

Excess  of 
exports  (♦) 

or 
imports  (-) 

June 
30 

Domestic 

Foreign 

Total 

Free 

Dutiable 

Total 

1909 
1910 
1911 
1912 
1913 
1914 
1915 
1916 
1917 
1918 
1919 

$16,717,140 
20.489.503 
20,790.661 
23.435.745 
24.464.748 
22.440.472 
18,837.025 
23,221,615 
28,357,194 
23,426,864 

$80,390 
106.868 

77.258 
112.124 

97.499 
237,762 
372,028 
239,196 
171,013 
214,252 

$16,797,530 
20.596.371 
20.867.919 
23.547.869 
24.562.247 
22.678.234 
19.209.053 
23.460,811 
28.528.207 
23.641.116 
21.262.539 

$1,594,783 
2,035,945 
3.285.785 
4.361.505 
4,186,908 
4,480,257 
4,346,620 
5,311,662 
7,543,045 
7,722,486 

$82,211 

193,244 

220,950 

63,539 

47,102 

29,462 

41,516 

24,637 

42,286 

122,904 

$1,676,994 
2.229.189 
3.506,735 
4.425,044 
4.234,010 
4.509.719 
4.388,136 
5.336.299 
7.585.331 
7.845,390 
8,301,149 

95.10 
91.33 
93  70 
98.56 
98.89 
99.35 
99.05 
99.54 
99.44 
98.43 

$♦15,120,536 
♦18,367,182 
♦17,361,181 
♦19,122,825 
♦20,328,237 
♦18,168,515 
♦14.820,917 
♦18,124,512 
♦20,942,876 
♦15,795,726 
♦12,961,360 

Foreign  trade  of  the  republic  for  10  years,  excluding  the  Canal  Zone: 


Year 

Imports 

Exports 

Total 

Year 

Imports 

Exports 

Total 

1908 

$7,806,812 
8.756.308 

10.056,993 
9,896,988 
9,871.617 

11.397,000 

$1,827,055 
1,502,475 
1.769,330 
2,863,425 
2.064,648 
5,383,028 

$9,633,867 
10,258,783 
11,826,323 
12,760,413 
11,936,265 
16,780,028 

1914 

1915 

1916 

1917 

1918 

$9,891,553 
9,037,200 
9,197,370 
9,223,170 
7,821,660 

$3,800,517 
3.422,755 
5,506,725 
5,624,176 
8.902,000 

$13,692,070 
12,459,955 
14,704.095 
14.847.346 
16,721,660 

1909 

1910 

1911 

1912 

1913 

Imports  by  countries  of  origin  for  5  years,  excluding  the  Canal  Zone: 


Countries 

1913 

1914 

1915 

1916 

1917 

United  States 

$6,378,702 

2,465,432 

256,773 

238,694 

79,950 

336,816 

162,574 

8,945 

5.946 

168.882 

2.102 

208,540 

5,476 

1,076,168 

$6,344,873 
1.755,026 
243,119 
177,367 
57,735 
211,545 
105,099 

42,73i 
127,666 

301,036 

3,575 

461,960 

59,921 

$9,891,553 

$6,822,236 
983,404 
209,449 
190,558 
40,791 
170,555 
142,349 

104,550 
90,322 

"230 

35,025 

247.731 

$9,037,200 

$6,674,993 

1,267,149 

565.950 

172,821 

143,293 
91,588 
45,066 
24,974 
37,085 
5,304 

169,147 
$9,197,370 

$7,063,319 
888,365 
580,240 
233.476 

United  Kingdom 

China  and  .lapan 

Spanish  America 

Denmark 

France 

129,445 

Spain 

103,840 

Sweden 

81,917 

Netherlands 

16.756 

Italy 

8.305 

Switzerland 

5,086 

Belgium 

Austria-Hungary 

Germanv 

597 

Other  countries 

111,824 

Total 

$11,397,000 

$9,223,170 

»    • 


Ml 
I 


50 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Imports  by  principal  articles  for  2  years,  excluding  the  Canal  Zone: 


Articles 


Tons 


1916 


Tons 


1917 


Articles 


Codfish 

Salt  Pork 

Canned  Beef 

Hams 

Sardines 

Preserved  meats . . 
Condensed  milk. .  . 

Eggs 

Lard 

Butter 

Margarine 

Cheese 

Rice 

Com  flour 

Wheat  flour 

Onions 

Beans 

Potatoes 

Other  vegetables .  . 
Tea 

oiiveOii.'!'.  !".'.;.■; 

Cottonseed  oil ... . 

Sugar 

Jam  jellies 

Canned  vegetables 

Biscuits 

Beer 

Red  wine 

Whiskey 

Cigarettes 

Cigars 

Leaf  tobacco 

Petroleum,  refined. 

Gasoline 

Fuel  oil 

Coal 

Cement , 

Cotton  thread 

Textiles,  cotton .  . . , 

"        woolen 

linen 


7,143 
371 

7,855 


1,104 


148 


9,926 
12,753 


$37,936 
56,970 
28,260 
47,387 
24,116 
76,923 
146,766 
38,866 
149.990 
58,568 
40.061 
35.558 
306,951 
31.658 
397,944 
43,764 
55,686 
59.437 
31,343 
31,769 
23.828 
69,603 
98,541 
58.945 
39.410 
56,815 
56,229 
42,126 
83,049 
72,189 
116,426 
49,530 
99,470 
65,805 


15,558 

197 

3,805 


Tons 


1916 


Tons 


1917 


1,268 


32.793 
120,230 

57.209 
617,519 
136,368 

54,702 


111 


12 
9.531 


$46,989   Textiles,  silk 

43.132   Ready-made  clothing. 
22.262   Drygoods  and  notions. 

31.296  Straw  hats 

17.364    Boots  and  shoes 

23.521   Soap,  fine 

164,328        •'      ordinary..    .    "  ' 
20,749  Perfumery...    . 
112.360  Matches... 

149.242  Paints,  prepared    

39,475         **      unprepared .  .  . 
19,383  Chemical  and  pharma- 
348,394       ceutical       products, 

18.727        unenumerated 
398.284    Mineral  waters. . 

51.613   Glai^sware 

53.319  Chinaware 

52.474    Building  lumber. 

13,403    Furniture 

11.002  Other  manufactures  oif 
18,084        wood... 
65,608  Cordage... 

68.235   Steel  ingots 

56,045  Other  manufactures  of 

33,482       steel 

67,830   Wire,  barbed ■■ 

34.189       "     fence 

36,061  Jlron  tubing 

23,563   Railway  material 

37,895   Nails 

63.478   Hardware .;.■.■.■; 

53,437   Electrical  material 

92.028  Indu.strial  machinery 
89.290  not  enumerated.  . . . 
77.005   Automobiles 

,^-^'^^  "  supplies 

107.665  •'  tires. . 

47,013  Paper,  wrapping. . . 
639,729         "      writing 

79,290         "      print 

56,577 


88,607 

695,325 

189,301 

48,830 

423.312 

11,082 

174.758 

153,651 

36.427 

54.477 

21,775 


378,477 

29.049 

22,668 

33,266 

199.578 

168,525 

114.532 
30.164 
26.297 

22,501 


22,635 
62,764 
80.394 
2.5.041 
75.607 
164,578 

38.302 

215.105 

34,944 
23,239 
27,029 


85,417 

233,377 

56,018 

27,067 

406.405 

23,530 

258.601 

51.405 

44,574 

50,995 

16,013 


252,031 

7,675 

17,616 

31.852 

210.466 
63,194 


40,212 
28,814 

20,430 
59,984 
8,906 
23,667 
14,485 

333,723 
59,121 

145,399 

34.360 

[64,578 

{64,202 

160,745 

58,908 

44,483 

41.360 


Note:  Of  the  imports,  the  United  States  supplied  73  per  cent,  of  the  whole  in  1916,  and  77 


percent,  in  1917. 


Exports  by  countries  of  destination  for  5  years,  excluding  the  Canal  Zone: 


Countries 


1913 


1914 


1915 


United  States .  . . 
United  Kingdom 

Italy 

Spain 

France 

Germany 

Spanish  America 
Canal  Zone©. . . 
Other  countries . 

Total 


$4,801,608 

65,024 

310 

i'5,776 
213,939 
281,067 

"    "  2.364 

$5,383,028 


1916 


$3,269,696 

109,869 

2,778 

1,543 

1,646 

125,899 

197.692 

48,269 

240,818 

$3,800,517 


1917 


$3,118,754 

42,064 

1,120 

8,804 

2,400 


74,494 
175,119 

$3,422,755 


$5,360,788 

55,687 

27.787 

336 


62,127 


$5,506,725 


Note:  ©In  1913  included  in  United  States. 


$5,527,913 

7.712 

400 

359 


87,792 


$5,624,176 


PANAMA 


51 


Exports  to  the  United  States,  97  per  cent,  of  the  whole  in  1916,  and  98  per  cent,  of  the 
whole  in  1917,  excluding  the  Canal  Zone: 


Article 


1916 


Quantity 
(in  Kilos) 


Value 


1917 


Quantity 
(in  Kiloe) 


Value 


Cacao 

Cocoanuts  (count) 

Bananas  (bunches) 

Balats 

Rubber 

Tortoise  shell 

Mother  of  pearl 

Cocobolo  wood 

Hides 

Nispero  (medlar  tree  gum) 

Mangrove  bark 

Woods,  fine 

Deerskins 

Sldns,  other 

Tallow 

Tagua  (ivory  nuts) , 

Ipecac 

Antiquities 

Manganese© 

Gold  dust 

Old  metals 

Precious  stones 

Silver  coin 

Miscellaneous 


252,358 

11,917.409 

114.629,907 

894,052 

76.211 

5,872 

174,507 

805,812 

167,511 

291,972 

1,936,721 

1,604,065 

29,084 

34,222 

177,625 

1,294,107 

9,533 

'i,"9b7",666 

246,543 


23,584 


$43,490 

718,280 

2,370,553 

466,603 

45,986 

40,612 

25,230 

25.627 

284,201 

137,324 

87,017 

84,505 

24,210 

17,170 

29,488 

185.467 

39,727 

300,002 

328,684 

34,510 

33,371 


315,196 

9,777,777 

152,744,150 

663,198 

51,579 

4,565 

196,676 

2,600,000 

714,846 

402,090 

60,635 

590,959 

45.845 

V66",266 

3,843,190 

6,392 

'4,425,666 

'203,256 


$72,630 

707,637 

2,467,442 

513.263 

60,576 

26,558 

23.543 

92.818 

332.512 

309,044 

1,661 

16,210 

26.371 

38",464 

202,431 

21.540 

'20,888 
6,108 
38,322 
33,367 
400,000 
16.845 


Note:  ©Manifestly  an  error  in  1917  in  the  original  report. 

Production  and  Industry 
Although  the  soil  of  Panama  is  very  fertile,  agriculture  is  as  yet  undeveloped.  Bananas 
form  the  largest  crop,  coffee,  cacao,  sugar  cane,  tobacco,  rice  and  com  are  also  raised.  Co- 
coanuts and  pineapples,  together  with  citrus  fruit,  are  other  crops  of  importance.  Stock 
raising  has  assumed  some  importance  and  hides  are  exported.  Recent  estimates  place  the 
number  of  cattle  at  65,000;  horses,  17,000;  miles,  1,500;  pigs,  28,000;  goats,  3,000. 

Rubber,  mahogany  and  other  hard  woods,  copaiba,  sarsaparilla,  ippecacauanha  are 
produced.  Pearl  fisheries  are  located  on  the  Pearl  Islands,  in  the  Gulf  of  Panama,  and 
Coiba  Island  in  the  west.  Tortoise  shell  is  exported,  and  coral  and  sponges  are  found  on 
the  coasts. 

The  mining  districts  are  Darien  and  Veraguas  Province,  producing  manganese,  gold  and 
copper.  Sugar  mills,  chocolate,  soap,  ice,  mineral  waters  and  "Panama"  hat  factories 
constitute  the  chief  manufacturing  enterprises.  The  following  table  shows  the  area  of  land 
under  cultivation,  the  number  of  houses,  and  the  value  of  each  in  1914-15: 


Provinces 


Number  of 
Houses 


Income 


Value 


Acreage  of 
Holdings 


Value 


Bocas  del  Toro . 

Cocl6 

Col6n 

Chiriqui 

Los  Santos. . . . , 

Panama 

Veraguas 


ToUl. 


2,083 
1.033 
1,200 
1.201 
1,678 
3.513 
465 

10,898 


$172,935 
52,468 

1,017,638 

109,918 

59,691 

2,687,136 
28,726 

$4,128,512 


$1,098,847 

430.730 

4,167,725 

1,016,560 

430,350 

12,794,095 

233,600 

$20,171,907 


118,599 
154,691 

10,161 
300,470 
124,910 
515,004 

65,316 

1,289,151 


$794,206 

702,331 

61.050 

1.144,645 
445,655 

2,211,748 
370,655 

$5,730,290 


Money,  Weights  and  Measures: 

The  monetary  unit  of  the  currency  is  the  gold  balboa  (not  as  yet  coined)  equivalent 
to  $1.00  United  States  currency.    Silver  coins  are  the  half  balboa,  locally  called  the  peso, 


!  i 


52 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


with  a  value  of  $0.50  United  States  currency;  1/4,  1/5,  1/10  balboas,  and  2^  cent  nickle 
pieces.  There  is  no  paper  money.  United  States  currency  circulates  freely  at  its  face 
value. 

The  metric  system  of  weights  and  measures  prevails,  but  the  American  system  has 
limited  use. 
Railways: 

The  Panama  Railroad,  owned  by  the  United  States  Government,  is  47  miles  long, 
and  extends  from  Colon  to  Panama.  The  Republic  of  Panama  in  1914  constructed  a  53 
mile  narrow  gauge  (3  ft.)  railway  in  the  Province  of  Chiriqui,  extending  from  the  Pacific 
port  of  Pedregal  to  David,  the  capital  of  the  province,  and  to  Boquete,  with  a  branch  from 
David  to  La  Concepcion.  The  United  Fruit  Company  owns  270  miles  of  railway  radiating 
from  the  port  of  Bocas  del  Toro,  constructed  primarily  for  the  banana  trade.  Ultimately 
these  will  join  up  with  the  same  company's  Costa  Rican  lines. 
Post  Offices  and  Telegraphs: 

There  are  96  post  offices  and  37  telegraph  offices.  The  United  Fruit  Company  operates 
a  wireless  station  at  Bocas  del  Toro,  and  the  government  of  Panama  has  a  contract  for  the 
establishment  of  another  by  the  same  company  at  Colon.  There  are  direct  cables  from 
Colon  to  the  United  States  and  to  Europe,  and  from  Panama  to  North  and  South  American 
ports. 

Language:    Spanish;  Engh'sh  in  the  Canal  Zone. 
Local  Advertising  Media: 

Local  advertising  media  include  two  dailies  which  are  published  in  Panama  City  in 
English  and  Spanish,  and  which  also  have  weekly  editions  which   circulate  throughout 
Central  America  to  a  considerable  degree. 
Shipping  Routes: 

Panama  Railroad  Steamship  Line. 

United  Fruit  Company. 
Consular  Representatives: 

Panama  has  consuls  general  in  New  York  and  New  Orieans,  consuls  in  Chicago, 
Boston,  Kansas  City,  Galveston,  San  Juan  (P.  R.),  honorary  consuls  in  Gulf  port,  Norfolk,* 
and  Ponce  (P.  R.),  and  vice-consuls  in  Baltimore  and  Seattle. 

The  LTnited  States  maintains  consular  officials  in  Colon  and  Panama. 
Customs  Tariff: 

The  customs  tariflf  of  Panama  enumerates  four  classes  of  goods.     (1),  Articles  which 
may  be  imported  free  of  duty;  (2),  articles  taxed  at  the  rate  of  10  or  20  per  cent,  ad  valorem  • 
(3),  Articles  which  pay  a  specific  duty,  usually  by  weight;  and  (4),  prohibited  articles. 
Consular  Regulations: 

Seven  copies  of  consular  invoice  in  Spanish  are  required,  and  the  forms,  costing  $0  30 
per  set,  are  procurable  only  at  the  consulate.  Certification  of  invoices,  original  and  two 
copies,  costs  mne  tenths  of  one  per  cent,  of  the  stated  value;  certification  of  four  copies  of 
bill  of  lading  cost  $1.00  if  the  value  is  not  in  excess  of  $100,  or  $3.00  if  it  is;  these  charees 
are  paid  by  the  consignee.  Goods  cannot  be  consigned  "to  order."  Packages  mav  bp 
marked  with  either  stencil  or  brush.  ^ 

Cable  Rates:    Thirty  cents  per  word  from  New  York  or  New  England  states. 
Postal  Rates: 

Letters:  Domestic  letter  rate  of  $0.02  for  each  ounce  or  fraction  thereof.    Post  cards 

Mail  Time :  Seven  days  to  Colon  from  New  York. 

Parcel-Post:  Service  extends  to  Panama.    Limit  of  weight,  20  pounds. 

Money  Orders:  Issued. 

International  Reply  Coupons:  Not  issued. 


SALVADOR 


53 


SALVADOR 

The  smallest  and  most  densely  populated  of  the  republics  of  Central  America;  bounded 
on  the  north  and  east  by  Honduras,  on  the  south  by  the  Pacific  Ocean,  and  on  the  west  by 
Guatemala.     Its  area  is  approximately  equal  to  that  of  Massachusetts  and  Connecticut. 

The  lowlands  of  Salvador  are  hot,  but  the  climate  of  the  table  lands  and  mountain 
slopes  of  the  interior  is  temperate.  There  are  only  two  seasons,  the  wet,  which  the  Sal- 
vadoreans call  winter,  from  May  to  October,  and  the  dry,  or  summer  season,  from  Novem- 
ber to  April.  In  July  and  August  there  are  high  winds  followed  by  heavy  rains  and  thunder- 
storms; in  September  and  October  the  rain,  although  not  heavy,  is  continuous. 

The  principal  industry  of  Salvador  is  agriculture,  the  chief  products  being  coffee  and 
bananas.  Balsam  of  Peru  is  likewise  an  important  product.  The  universal  w^ealth  of  the 
country  is  great,  and  gold,  silver,  iron  and  copper  are  actively  mined. 

Salvador  has  a  very  small  railway  mileage,  the  principal  line  running  from  Acajutla 
the  principal  port,  to  San  Salvador,  the  capital  city.  Salvador  will  be  connected  by  rail 
with  the  Atlantic  coast  upon  the  completion  of  the  system  of  the  International  Railways  of 
Central  America,  which  will  have  a  line  running  from  Guatemala  to  San  Tecla,  Salvador. 

In  1917  the  share  of  the  United  States  in  the  total  imports  of  Salvador  was  62  per  cent., 
as  compared  with  40  per  cent,  in  1913.  Of  the  total  imports  in  1918,  the  United  States 
supphed  56  per  cent,  and  took  85  per  cent,  of  the  total  exports.  The  per  capita  foreign 
trade  of  Salvador  amounted  to  $14.04;  imports  to  $4.68;  exports  to  $9.36. 

Area  and  Population 
The  estimated  total  population  of  Salvador  in  1917  was  1,287,722. 


Departments 


Capitals 


Population 

of 

Capitals 

(Urban  and 

rural) 


Departments 


Capitals 


Population 

of 

Capitals 

(Urban  and 

rural) 


San  Salvador. . 
La  Libertad. . , 
Sonsonate .  .  . . 
Ahuachap&n .  . 
Santa  Ana . . . . 
Chalatenango . 
Cuscatldn .  .  .  , 


San  Salvador 

Neuva  San  Salvador. 

Sonaonate 

Ahuachap6n 

Santa  Ana 

Chalatenango 

Cojutepeque 


7,5.000 
22,100 
15,000 
24,1.50 
59,420 
9,120 
12,070 


San  Vicente 

Cabaflas 

La  Paz 

Usulutdn .  .  . 
San  Mieuel . 
Morazdn .  .  . 
La  Union.. . 


San  Vicente 

Sensuntepeque 

Zacatecoluca 

Usuliitdn 

San  Miguel 

San  Francisco  Got  era. 
La  Union 


25,370 
15.550 
26,000 
15,725 
30,000 
8,950 
5,700 


The  principal  cities  are  San  Salvador,  the  capital,  (population  65,148),  Santa  Ana 
(population  58,820);  San  Miguel  (population  29,374);  Nueva  San  Salvador  (population 
22,423);  San  Vincente  (population  25,863),  and  Sonsonate  (population  14,752). 

Commerce 

The  value  of  the  total  foreign  trade  of  Salvador  in  1918  was  $18,023,305.    Of  this 
total,  imports  amounted  to  $5,970,700  and  exports  to  $12,052,605. 
Total  foreign  trade  for  10  years: 


Year 


Lm  PORTS 


Exports 


Year 


Imports 


1908. 
1909. 
1910. 
1911. 
1912. 


$4,240,500 
4.176,941 
3,745.249 
5,451,161 
6,774,859 


Exports 


16,127,220 
6,734.539 
7,243,102 
8,816,726 
8,869,768 


1913. 
1914. 
1915. 
1916. 
1917. 
1918. 


6,173,544 
4,958,624 
4,022,167 
5,823,619 
6,869,276 
5,970,700 


8,943,529 
10,715,521 
10,484,641 
11,517,715 
10,620,014 
12,052,605 


i 

iJ 


54 


EXPORTERS  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Value  of  the  total  foreign  trade  of  the  United  States  with  Salvador  for  11  yeara: 


Year 

ended 

June 

30 


Exports 


Domestic 


Foreign 


1909 
1910 
1911 
1912 
1913 
1914 
1915 
1916 
1917 
1918 
1919 


Total 


IXPORTS     . 


Free 


$1,452,045 
1,309,744 
2,090,053 
2,405.293 
2,302,705 
2,111,220 
2,069,092 
3,007,437 
4,352,692 
9.394,334 


$10,090 

7.213 

10,660 

15,991 

87,266 

43,918 

32,874 

40,903 

39,552 

84,998 


$1,462,135 
1,316,957 
2,100.713 
2,421,284 
2,389,971 
2,155.138 
2,101,966 
3,048,340 
4,392,244 
3,479,332 
5,038,229 


$934,135 

1.173.933 

1,461,662 

1,517,687 

1,370,972 

1.141,446 

1,821,483 

1.695.033 

4,259,284 

6,197,980 


Dutiable 


Total 


Per 

cent, 
free 


Excess  of 
exports  (♦) 

or 
imports  (-) 


$35,321 

2,460 

2.130 

2,267 

596 

16,874 

125,899 

434.835 

751,571 

672,452 


$970,137 

1,176,393 

1.463,792 

1.519,954 

1.371,568 

1.158,320 

1,947,382 

2,129,868 

5,010,855 

6,870.432 

5,473.599 


96.36 

99.79 

99.85 

99.85 

99.96 

98.54 

93.53 

79.58 

85.01 

90.21 


Imports  by  countries  of  origin  for  5  years: 


♦$491,998 

♦  140,564 

♦  636.921 

♦  901,330 
♦1,018,403 

♦  996,818 

♦  154,584 

♦  918,472 

-  618,611 
-3.391,100 

-  235,390 


Countries 


United  States $2  491  706 

United  Kingdom l'603',846 

France 

Japan 

Italy " ; ; 

Spain '.'.'.'. 

Sweden .'.*.!.' 

China ' 

Switzerland 

Denmark 

Mexico .'..'.*.!!! 

Netherlands 

Germany \\\ 

Belgium "  ]  ] 

Austria-Hungary ...'.".!] 
Other  countries 


418,111 
87,615 
224,827 
110,258 
18.751 
56,889 
8.948 
4,076 
58,009 
92,680 
713,855 
204,195 
24,943 
55,595 


Total $6,173,544 


$2,027,732 
1,283,636 
298,285 
97.413 
234,263 
106,581 
22,378 
48,194 
14,293 
6,536 
29,788 
79,901 
484,796 
138,384 
18,095 
68,349 

$4,958,624 


$2,474,281 
966,939 
131,983 
56,038 
113.973 
69,169 
21.317 
24.217 
5,114 
16,989 
9,744 
58,545 
40,038 
10,239 
2,213 
21,368 

$4,022,167 


$3,586,508 
1,338,700 
316,136 
113,685 
166,423 
148,185 
41,834 
26,547 
3,660 
11,281 
4.955 
36,469 
935 
227 
22 
28,025 

$5,823,619 


$4,280,573 

1,680,349 

310.151 

211,830 

145,691 

140,806 

38,085 

32,524 

8,695 

2.359 

1,652 

1.110 

83 

M 

35,6i4 


$6,869,276 


Exports  by  countries  of  destination  for  5 


years: 


United  States... 

France 

Italy 

Norway 

United  Kingdom 

Peru 

Panama 

Chile 

Mexico 

Spain 

Denmark 

Nicaragua 

Ecuador 

Costa  Rica 

Honduras 

Guatemala 

Netherlands .... 
Austria-Hungary 

Belgium 

Russia 

Sweden 

Germany 

Other  countries .  . 


Total. 


$2,823,851 
2.030.346 
1,208.377 
262,090 
705,608 
4,767 
58,498 
77,155 
14,789 
47,825 
17,891 
8,246 
4,684 
42.759 
22,936 
3,331 
93.519 
505,974 
894 
12.106 
283,373 
1,699,694 
10 

$9,928,723 


$2,662,168 
1,559,639 
1,087,511 
421,784 
595,528 
16,739 
43,232 
32.329 
280 
115.369 
32,789 
6,045 
21,620 
27,910 
7,234 
6.711 
332.217 
809,015 
7,015 
28,444 
368,307 
2,614,350 
259 

$10,796,495 


$3,715,551 

1.098,312 

927.921 

1.542,787 

415,747 

600 

67,189 

44,764 

9,797 

61,882 

609,162 

1.860 

3.080 

20,688 

7.289 

2.181 

1.127,043 

4,575 

W.TTO 

854,630 

11,934 

109 

$10,563,871 


$4,102,410 

2.779,179 

1.175.421 

1,420,184 

67,253 

43,452 

103.220 

123,158 

'90.428 

162.660 

9.211 

10.600 

18.478 

27.268 

5.146 

210,312 


1.217.961 
38.520 


$11,604,751 


$9,641,060 
3.352,743 
1.497.955 
4.775,634 
268.901 
198.467 
143.217 
135,529 
102,936 
72,485 
48.415 
27.628 
25.728 
22.885 
17.980 
17,702 
9.199 


$16,050,400 


SALVADOR 


Source  of  principal  imports  in  1916  and  1917: 


Countries 


1916 


Quantity 
Kilos 


Fertilisers 

United  States 

United  Kingdom 

Fence  Wire 

United  States 

Cotton  yarn 

Japan 

United  Kingdom 

Spain 

United  States 

Cotton  thread 

United  Kingdom 

Japan 

United  States 

Cotton  piece  goods,  white 

United  Kingdom 

United  States 

Cotton  prints 

United  Kingdom 

United  States 

France 

Italy 

Cement 

United  States 

Boots,  shoes,  and  findings 

United  States 

Italy 

Leather  and  leather  goods 

United  States 

Drugs  and  medicines 

United  States 

United  Kingdom 

France 

Iron  tubing 

United  States 

Iron  in  bars  and  plates 

United  States 

Iron  for  roofing 

United  States 

Machinery,  agricultural 

United  States 

United  Kingdom 

Machinery,  industrial 

United  States 

Wheat  flour 

United  States 

Woolen  piece  goods  and  other  manufac- 
tures  

United  Kingdom 

United  States 

Italy 

Liquors,  distilled 

France 

United  Kingdom 

Spain 

United  States 

Wines 

France 

United  States 

Spain 

Soap  and  candle  grease 

United  States 

Paper,  news  print 

United  States 

Petroleum  and  fuel  oil 

United  States 

Oil.  edible \  .\\"  " 

United  States 

Basrs  for  cofTee  and  sugar 

United  Kingdom 

United  States .........'.'.'.'. 

Silk  fabrics  and  manufactures  of 

Japan 

Automobiles 

United  States. .........' \ 

Lard 

United  States! ....'.''". 


190,636 

154,891 

25,573 

527,487 

269,754 

179,982 

60,105 

16,595 

4,617,876 

4,616,976 


6.642,053 
6.642,053 


967,762 
871.503 


886,427 
630,734 
195,144 


Value 


$48,137 
32.318 
15.819 
27,894 
27,236 
42.516 

21.621 
12,442 
9,053 
328,354 
238,165 
35.026 
33,930 
172.230 
143,290 
20,555 
627,352 
351,818 
195,531 
49,215 
29,225 
49,612 
49,600 
82,602 
56,816 
19,051 
348,376 
337,834 
280,012 
141,021 
94,700 
41,204 
34,609 
33,690 
32,985 
32,122 
44.157 
42.049 
79,508 
62,481 
17,027 
41,636 
35,814 
375,085 
375,086 

42,414 

22,716 

13,031 

1,476 

50.305 

31.197 

9,802 

5,686 

5,376 

57,044 

17.226 

15.223 

15.002 

205,049 

182,218 

29,337 

28,760 

56,995 

56,995 

33.570 

23,204 

222.493 

153.847 

55,046 

58,182 

48,940 

87,622 

87.622 

66,397 

66,397 


55 


1917 


Quantity 
KUos 


219,676 

193,123 

9,824 

626,076 

372.025 

163.621 

64,013 

23,152 

7,301,089 

7,301,089 


4,922,768 
4,922,768 


933.495 
919,699 


962,499 
829,544 
132.183 


Value 


$22,146 
13,626 
5,453 
25.862 
25.862 
109.903 
64,376 
16.221 
16,016 
14,291 
197,026 
175,748 
1.299 
13.922 
249.484 
216,574 
9.190 
982,664 
607,191 
248,933 
68,595 
63,339 
87,078 
87,078 
61,665 
39,972 
1.490 
208,984 
203,984 
230,302 
122,864 
70,716 
33,927 
26,627 
24.894 
68,132 
67,667 
92,946 
92,667 
69,310 
52,704 
16,606 
26,332 
26,332 
442,040 
442,040 

40.668 

21.760 

16.661 

470 

15,095 

298 

8,286 

2,688 

3.701 

59,166 

15.968 

19,146 

13,573 

237,202 

230,133 

24,190 

23,006 

98.196 

80.224 

19,594 

14,416 

280,886 

240,176 

37,416 

98,625 

85,773 

101,546 

101.646 

35,961 

24.322 


56 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Imports  by  principal  commodities  for  5  years: 


Articles 


1913 


1014 


Fertilizers 

Fence  wire 

Cotton: 

Yarn 

Thread 

Piece  goods,  white. . . .  1 

Prints ] 

Other  piece  goods  andf 

manufactured J 

Cement 

Boots,  shoes  and  findings . 

Glass  and  glassware 

Leather  and  leather  goods 

Drugs  and  medicines 

Spices  and  tea 

Iron  manufactures: 

Tubing 

Nails 

Bars  and  plates 

Agricultural     imple- 
ments  

Roofing  iron 

All  other 

Machinery: 

Agricultural 

Industrial 

Mining 

Other 

Typewriting    and    adding 

machines 

Wheat  flour 

Woolen   piece   goods  and 

other  manufactures.  . 

Books,  printed 

Liquors,  distilled 

Beer 

Wines 

Soap  and  candle  grease. . 
Haberdashery  and  notions 
Furniture 
Paper 


News  print , 


All  other 
Oils: 

Petroleum  and  fuel  oil . 

Edible 

Perfumerj- 

Bags  for  cofTco  and  sugar. 
Silk: 

Thread 

Fabrics    and    manut.  o- 

tures  of 

Hats: 

Panama. . 

Other.... 
Automobiles 
Lard 


$123,601 
54,351 


167,082 
1,743.538 

42.074 
234,779 

26,579 

260,020 

477,678 

9,298 


759.866 

91,374 
242.569 

33*3',i39 

65,614 
15.328 
60,663 
46.492 
123,198 
160,465 
42,738 
18,962 

37,169 

53.263 

16,031 

12.198 

126.614 

19.323 

114,170 

6,031 

38,919 

® 

571 


$64,716 
45,088 

8,983 
152,239 
249,484 
611.555 

731,686 
30,265 
47,279 
23,189 
245,377 
203,687 
14,612 

41.659 
10.290 
11.404 

11.861 

36,315 

146,167 

144.582 
78,049 

'  40,326 

9,103 
319,051 

53.801 
11.057 
65.935 
18.009 
94.080 
102,016 
19,986 
14,070 

14.090 
33,243 

29,939 

18.466 

14,776 

154,452 

19,558 

148,632 

5,585 

44,670 

34,011 

15 


1916 


$32,932 
25,568 

5,373 
112,692 
172,723 
318,745 

472,407 

38,237 

41,585 

11,086 

195.769 

232..500 

5,113 

21,262 

9,573 

13,897 

4,321 
24,638 
91.610 

96,883 

21,645 

25.261 

4,958 

6.885 
392.772 

15.407 

8.179 

39.198 

16.177 

48.906 

106,467 

8,300 

11,290 

11,006 
18,499 

29,982 

18,.345 

13,102 

171,177 

7,251 

62,139 

4,543 
10.522 
26,990 
68,771 


Note:  ©Not  separately  stated. 

Distribution  of  principal  exports  in  1916  and  1917: 


Countries  and  Articles 


1916 


Quantity 
Kilos 


Value 


Indigo 

France 

United  States 
Peru 


165,088 
28,368 
66.263 
33,087 


$259,378 
85,034 
67.991 
43,452 


1916 


$48,137 
27,894 

42,516 
328,354 

93,015 
627,352 

851.403 
4^,612 
82.602 
24,130 
348.376 
2H0.012 
25.004 

34.609 
27.564 
32,985 

4.500 

44,157 

110,652 

79,508 
41,636 
33,404 
14,544 

23.090 
375,085 

42,414 
17,713 
50,305 
29.012 
57.044 
205.049 
22.121 
9.800 

29.337 
37.818 

56.993 

33.570 

36,848 

222,493 

3,013 

58,182 

11.024 
33.048 
87.622 
66,397 


1917® 


1917 


Quantit  v 
Kilos  ■ 


$22,145 
25,862 

109,903 
197,026 
249,484 
982.664 

970,807 
87,078 
51,655 
26,240 
208,984 
230.302 
16,081 

26,527 
47,053 
68,132 

6,681 

92,946 

126,946 

69,310 
26,332 
60,508 


16.721 
442,040 

40,668 
10,484 
15,095 

7.672 

59.166 

237.202 

25.317 

8.416 

24.190 
107.916 

98.195 

19.594 

29.964 

280,886 

10,600 

98,625 

6,740 

12,665 

101,546 

35,951 


Value 


200,441 


$655,233 


Continued  on  page  57 


SALVADOR 

57 

Table  Continued: 

1916 

1917® 

Countries  and  Articles 

Quantity 
Kilos 

Value 

Quantity 
Kilos 

Value 

Sugar 

United  States 

Panama 

Balsam 

United  States 

Germany 

Coffee,  clean 

France 

United  States 

Norway 

Sweden 

Italy 

Germany 

Coffee  in  parchment 

United  States 

United  Kingdom 

Germany 

Cattle  hides 

United  States 

Germany 

Rubber 

United  States 

Germany 

Gold  in  bars 

United  States 

Gold  and  silver  amalgamus,  concentrates, 

United  States ...................'.'.'.'. 

United  Kingdom 


2,657,112 

1,725,122 

749,754 

64,556 

61,365 

35,585,498 
10,372,908 
7,186,976 
7,326,635 
4.696,397 
3,320,804 

*  171,228 
158,058 


263,607 
252,307 

'  29,537 
27,426 


258,611 
155,750 
91,368 
119,398 
115,327 

9,317,861 
2,688,349 
2,183.768 
1,420.184 
1,216,150 
1.156.304 

30,774 
28,500 


111,726 

86,692 

"30,ii8 
28,427 

558,054 
558,054 

766,164 

766,935 

922 


5,296,772 

88,236 

36,017,774 


235,047 

'l26",4i9 
'  29,536 


628,502 

'  227, i35 

12,597,552 


90.695 

■  80,66  i 

34,693 

616,232 


Note:   ©Segregations  by  countrie.s  not  available,  but,  with  the  exception  of  coffee,  nearly  all  the  exports  in  this 
year  were  to  the  United  States. 

Exports  by  principal  commodities  for  5  years: 


Articles 


1913 


1914 


1915 


1916 


1917 


Indigo 

Rice 

Sugar 

Panela  (a  kind  of  sugar) . . 

BaLsam 

Coffee: 

Clean 

In  parchment 

Cattle  hides 

Rubber 

Gold  in  bars 

Silver  in  bars 

Gold  and  silver  amalgams, 

concentrates,  etc 


$55,898 

1,944 

76,858 

94,397 

7,810,318 
97,133 
93,631 
19,095 
81,405 
21,572 

973,736 


$98,861 

10,983 

83,651 

32 

82,720 

8,770,360 

227,341 

48,541 

5,505 

512,856 


859,095 


$79,620 

620 

211,154 

99,8i5 

8,196,340 

132,824 

97,442 

21,310 

707,027 


926,922 


$259,378 
15,716 

258,611 
10,488 

119,398 

9,317,801 

30,774 

111,726 

30,118 

558,054 

26,314 

765,616 


$655,233 

11,970 

628.502 

7,652 

227,135 

12,597,552 
90,695 
80.061 
34,693 
616.232 
21,632 

558,257 


Production  and  Industry 
Agriculture  is  the  principal  industry,  and  the  principal  product  is  coffee.  In  1916 
there  were  in  crops  153,517  acres,  principally  in  the  departments  of  La  Libertad,  Santa  Ana, 
Ahuachapan,  La  Paz,  Sonsonate  and  Usultan.  Rubber,  tobacco,  balsam  of  Peru  and  cacao 
are  also  grown.  Efforts  are  being  made  to  encourage  the  cultivation  of  wheat  and  cotton. 
Gold,  silver,  iron,  copper  and  mercury  are  mined  by  native,  American  and  British  companies. 
Leather  goods,  soap,  cigars  and  textiles  are  manufactured  locally,  but  manufactures  are 
of  relatively  little  importance.  Cattle  raising  and  a  dairy  industry  are  being  developed. 
Railways: 

Total  mileage  204,  all  narrow  gauge.     Equipment,  (1916),  7  locomotives,  8  passenger 
cars,  97  freight  cars,  and  3  service  cars. 


I 

•i 
4 


58 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


THE  BAHAMAS 


59 


i 


Roads:    Total  mileage  about  1,470. 
Post  Offices,  Telegraphs,  Telephones: 

Post  offices  number  152,  telegraph  offices,  229,  mileage  of  telegraph  wires,  2,420,  tele- 
phone stations  number  221,  with  2,267  miles  of  line.  There  is  a  wireless  station  at  Laa 
Somas  de  Candelaria. 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures: 

The  currency  is  on  a  silver  basis,  the  unit  being  the  peso  of  100  centavos  with  a  par  value 
of  10.972  U.  S.  currency,  and  a  real  value,  which  fluctuates  widely  but  is  normally 
about  $0,365.  There  are  subsidiary  coins  in  silver  of  25  and  10  centavos,  and  nickel  coins 
of  5,  3  and  1  centavos  and  0.05  pesos.  Notes  are  issued  by  three  banks  of  issue,  and  con- 
vertible into  silver  at  an  exchange  rate  of  about  $0.40. 

The  metric  sj'stem  of  weights  and  measures  is  used  in  foreign  trade.    The  old  weights 
and  measures  stUl  in  use  are:  the  libra  of  1,043  pounds,  avoirdupois;  the  quintal  of  104.3 
pounds  avoirdupois,  the  arroba  of  25.35  pounds  avoirdupois  and  the  fanega  of  1.575  bushels. 
Language:  Spanish. 
Consular  Representatives: 

Salvador  maintains  in   Washington,   as  diplomatic  representative  of  the  republic, 
a  Minister.     There  is  a  consul  in  San  Francisco,  honorary  consuls  at  Los  Angeles,  Chicago, 
New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  and  Philadelphia,  and  an  honorary  vice  consul  at  New  Orleans! 
The  United  States  maintains  a  diplomatic  representative,  a  minister,  in  San  Salvador. 
Shipping  Routes: 

Panama  Railroad  Steamship  Line. 

United  Fruit  Company. 

Royal  Mail  Steam  Packet  Company. 
Customs  Tariff: 

The  customs  tariff  of  Salvador  provides  specific  duties  based  on  gross  weight.  There 
are  various  surtaxes  imposed  for  the  benefit  of  certain  government  departments  or  construc- 
tion activities. 

Consular  Regulations: 

Consular  invoices  (costing  $0.25  per  set)  are  required  in  quadruplicate.  Bills  of  lading 
must  also  be  certified.  Each  package  in  a  single  shipment  must  be  marked  with  a  different 
number,  and  these  numbers  must  appear  in  the  consular  invoice.  The  consul  charges  $1.00 
for  certification  of  bills  of  lading;  $1.00  for  invoices  up  to  $25.00  in  value,  and  on  a  sliding 
scale  for  shipments  valued  in  excess  of  $25.00. 

Cable  Rates: 

La  Libertad,  $0.44;  other  places,  $0.49  per  word  from  New  York  or  New  England 
states. 

Postal  Rates:  Postal  Union  rates. 
Parcel  Post: 

Service  extends  to  Salvador.  Limit  of  weight,  20  pounds.  A  delivery  fee  of  5  cents 
is  collected  on  all  parcel  post  packages.  Two  copies  of  the  "Customs  Declaration"  must  be 
attached  to  each  parcel.  Prohibitions:  Nitrate  of  potash;  saltpeter;  arms;  ammunition- 
coining  instruments;  roulettes.  ' 
Money  Orders:  Issued. 
International  Reply  Coupons:    Not  redeemable. 


THE  WEST  INDIES 


THE  BAHAMA  ISLANDS 

A  group  of  20  inhabited  and  many  more  uninhabited  islands,  extending  more  than  700 
miles  from  the  Mantanilla  Cays  to  the  Mouchois  Bank,  and  lying  east  of  Florida  and  north- 
east of  Cuba.  Their  total  area  approximates  4,404  square  miles.  The  islands  are  a  de- 
pendency of  the  United  Kingdom.  The  principal  islands  with  their  population  (census  of 
1911)  are:  New  Providence,  13,554;  Abaco,  4,463;  Harbour  Island,  1,031;  Grand  Bahama, 
1,824;  San  Salvador,  5,072;  Long  Island,  4,150;  Mayaguana,  358;  Eleuthera,  6,533;  Exuma, 
3,465;  WatUngs  Island,  617;  AskUns  Island,  1,733;  Crooked  Island,  1,541;  Great  Inagua, 
1,343;  Andros  Island,  7,545.  The  estimated  population  of  the  entire  group  on  January  1, 
1915,  was  55,639.  The  capital  of  the  islands  is  Nassau,  on  the  island  of  New  Providence. 
The  climate  is  generally  fine,  but  hurricanes  and  droughts  are  common.  The  cold  season 
is  from  November  to  May. 

Commerce 
Value  of  imports  and  exports,  1914-1918:^ 


Year 

Imports 

Exports 

Total 
Trade 

Year 

Imports 

Exports 

Total 
Trade 

1914 

$1,786,166 
1,766,172 
2.308,825 

$1,086,166 
1,183,074 
1,616,820 

$2,872,332 
2,949,246 
3,925,645 

1917 

$2,398,818 

$1,956,038 
1,273,234 

1916 

1918 .'.■; 

$4,354,856 

1916 

The  chief  exports  are  sisal  hemp,  sponges,  bark,  cocoanuts,  hides,  grapefruit,  ti'ined 
pineapple,  fresh  and  canned  tomatoes. 

The  principal  imports  are  cotton,  hnen  and  woolen  goods,  flour,  earthenware,  hardware, 
hominy,  rice,  sugar,  milk,  lard,  butter,  spirits,  cigars,  etc. 

Production  and  Industry 
The  principal  industries  are  the  planting  of  sisal  and  the  sponge  fisheries.    Oranges 
grapefrmt  and  tomatoes  are  exported.    Cocoanuts,   com,   peas,   beans,   pumpkins  ar^ 
grown  on  some  of  the  islands.    There  are  several  fruit  canneries  of  importance. 
Comnunications,  Banks,  Money,  Weights  and  Measures: 

There  is  a  weless  station  at  Nassau,  and  381  telephone  stations.    The  only  bank  is  a 
branch  of  The  Royal  Bank  of  Canada  at  Nassau.    Money  and  weights  and  measures  are  as 
m  ureat  Bntam.    Amencan  currency,  although  not  legal  tender,  is  accepted. 
Language:  EngUsh. 
Shipping  Routes: 

To  Nassau:  New  York  and  Cuba  Mail  S.  S.  Co.     (Ward  Line  ) 
To  Turks  Island  (Grand  Turk) :  Clyde  Steamship  Co. 
I  Customs  TariflP: 

I  for  c^S!n!5^f^"**^  ^^®^  principally  upon  weights  are  levied  upon  most  food  stuflfs  imported 
c^tt^TTf'''"'  m"^  valorem  duties  are  levied  upon  cigarettes,  certain  liquors,  vaseline, 

E.  i^?^  sails  motor  cars,  boats  and  cycles,  marUne,  copper  nails,  pitch,  rope,  seine 
Unnn'cf^  ^\"''  ^"""^z.'  ^^  ^^^  manufactured  tobacco,  typewriters,  vehicles  and  wines. 

lof  2.?  n         ^?  80  specified,  and  not  classified  as  free  of  duty,  there  is  an  ad  valorem  duty 

Icahl  Pr/^^V^^'^a"^  articles  are  prohibited;  among  them  tinned  skimmed  milk,  etc. 

I  awe  Kates:  Thirty-five  cents  per  word  from  New  York  and  New  England  states. 


:l 


in 


60 


EXPORTERS  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Postal  Rates: 

Letters:  Two  cents  per  ounce  or  fraction  thereof.    Other  matter  at  Postal  Union  rates. 

Mail  Time:  Approximately  4  days  from  New  York. 
Parcel  Post: 

Service  extends  to  the  Bahamas.    Limit  of  weight,  11  pounds.    Prohibitions:  Base 
or  counterfeit  coins  and  British  coin  not  up  to  the  standard. 
Money  Orders:  Issued. 
International  Reply  Coupons:  Issued. 
Consular  Representatives. 

There  is  a  United  States  consular  official  stationed  at  Nassau,  N.  P. 


BARBADOS 

The  easternmost  island  of  the  West  Indies,  and  a  British  dependency.  Geographically 
it  forms  one  of  the  Leeward  Islands.  It  is  21  miles  long  from  northwest  to  southeast  and 
its  greatest  width  is  14  miles.  The  total  area  is  166 H  square  miles  or  106,560  acres.  It  is 
one  of  the  most  densely  inhabited  districts  in  the  world,  the  total  population  (1911)  being 
171,982,  or  1,033  to  the  square  mile.  The  ratio  of  Negro  to  white  population  approximates 
9  to  1,  and  there  are  many  mulattoes.  The  white  population  is  principally  EngUsh.  Bridge- 
town, the  capital,  has  an  estimated  population  of  30,000.  Barbados  is  in  the  hurricane  belt,, 
and  hurricanes  occur  from  June  to  October.  January,  February,  March  and  April  are  the 
dry  months,  the  wet  season  occuring  from  May  to  December. 

Commerce 

Total  foreign  trade  of  the  United  States  with  the  Barbados  for  seven  years: 


Year 

Exports 

Impokts 

Excesa  of 
Exports  (♦) 

June 
30 

Domestic 

ForeiKii 

Total 

Free 

Dutiable 

Total 

Per 
Cent. 
Free 

or 
Imports  (-) 

1913. . . 
1914... 
1915... 
1916. . . 
1917. .. 
1918. . . 
1Q1Q 

$1,481,850 
1,398,463 
1,270,679 
1 .632.323 
2.332.747 
2,656,461 

$2,834 
14.471 
11,021 
17,884 
12,424 
44,695 

$1,484,084 
1,412,934 
1,281,700 
1,650,207 
2.345.171 
2,701,156 
3,752,541 

$5,5,781 
74,998 
62,291 
83,552 
73,387 

118,383 

$279,568 
184,717 
324,452 
311,766 
548,008 
566,719 

$335,349 
259.715 
386,743 
395,318 
621,395 
685,102 
539,158 

16.63 
28.88 
16.11 
21.14 
11.80 
17.28 

♦$1,149,335 
♦1.153,219 
♦894.957 
♦1,254,889 
♦1.723.776 
♦2,016,054 
♦3,213,383 

The  value  of  imports  for  the  year  1917  reached  a  total  of  $11,106,451,  an  increase  of 
$2,113,328  over  the  1916  imports.  Exports,  valued  at  $10,643,954,  showed  a  decreaae  of 
$83,314  from  the  previous  year. 

Imports  from  principal  countries  of  origin  in  1916  and  1917: 


Country 


1916 


1917 


Country 


1916 


1917 


United  Kingdom. 
Canada 


$2,901,031 
1,555,253 


$3,001,064 
1.703,925 


United  States. 


$3,034,632 


$4,098,394 


Percentage  of  imports  from  principal  countries  of  origin  in  1916  and  1917: 

Country 

1916 

'     1917 

Country 

1916 

1917 

¥TnWAr)    \Cirtrtiii\Tin 

32 
17 

27 
15 

United  States 

33 

37 

CatxaAa                   

BARBADOS 


61 


Distribution  of  exports  in  1916-1917: 

Country 

1916 

1917 

Country 

1916 

1917 

United  Kingdom 

$1,101,966 
5,863,803 

$2,492,679 
4.190,491 

United  States 

$698,721 
373.874 

$567,385 

Canada 

Newfoundland 

401.562 

Principal  articles  of 

export  in 

1916  and  1917: 

Articles 

1916 

1917 

Articles 

1916 

1917 

Bread  and  Crackers 

$30,807 
47,846 
36,041 

$53,192 
31,774 

19.884 

Sugar 

$5,350,835 

2,627,189 

44.033 

$5,134,249 

Raw  cotton 

Alolasses 

2.497  286 

Fresh  vegetables 

Rum 

52.789 

Production  and  Industry 

The  principal  products  of  the  island  are  sugar,  molasses,  rum,  sea-isiand  cotton,  and 
manjack.  There  are  320  sugar  estates,  of  which  107  have  steam  works.  Sugar  exports 
for  3  years:  1914,  29,424  tons;  1915,  29,927  tons;  1916,  55,452  tons.  Molasses  exported 
in  1915,  6,020,311  gallons;  1916,  9,816,015  gallons.  There  are  4  rum  distilleries  on  the 
island.  Cotton  exports  1916:  raw,  137,718  pounds,  linters,  5,305  pounds.  There  is  a 
manjack  mine  employing  36  persons  at  Springvale. 

Language:  English. 

Shipping  Routes: 

Quebec  Steamship  Company. 
Raporel  Steamship  Line. 

Customs  Tariff: 

Specific  duties  are  levied  upon  many  articles;  ad  valorem  duties  upon  others.  Barbados 
is  a  party  to  the  English  preferential  tariff  agreement,  and  thus  goods  of  British  manufac- 
ture are  admitted  at  lower  rates  than  those  of  other  countries  which  pay  duty  under  the 
general  tariff.  Certain  goods  imported  from  the  United  States  and  other  countries  having  a 
convention  with  Great  Britain  providing  for  "the  most  favored  nation  treatment"  pay  a 
specific  duty.  There  is  a  large  list  of  goods  which  may  be  imported  free  of  duty. 
Consular  Regulations: 

No  consular  documents  are  required,  and  there  are  no  restrictions  as  to  weights, 
marks,  etc. 

Cable  Rates:  Thirty-six  cents  per  word  from  New  York  or  New  England. 
Postal  Rates: 

United  States  letter  rate  for  letters.    Other  matter  is  subject  to  Postal  Union  rates. 
Mail  Time:  From  New  York  direct,  8  days. 
Parcel  Post: 

Service  extends  to  Barbados.    Limit  of  weight,  11  pounds.     Prohibitions:  Counterfeit 
,  coin,  coin  or  bullion  exceeding  $25  in  value;  articles  bearing  false  or  misleading  manufactur- 
ing or  trade  marks;  cotton  seeds;  arms  and  ammunition. 
I  Money  Orders:  Issued  on  domestic  forms. 
International  Reply  Coupons:  Not  issued. 


62 


EXPORTERS  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


CUBA 

A  republic,  and  the  largest  and  most  populous  of  the  West  India  Islands.     Its  area 

tlTnTr^  "^  '^"'^  T  '^^' '^  ''''  '*"'"  "^  Pennsylvania,  and  the  population  of  Havana, 
the  capital  and  principal  city,  is  equal  to  that  of  Baltimore. 

Because  of  its  great  resources  and  large  population,  its  propinquity  to  the  United 
States,  and  a  preferential  tariff  givmg  many  products  from  the  United  States  an  advan^a^ 
over  similar  products  from  any  other  country,  Cuba  constitutes  one  of  the  most  ^^rt!nt 

r  ^tr  '*"  JT  -^T'k  r"'^^^^"-    ^"^  '^^^^  ^  ^"^^  --ed  in  value  tCto 

tZiJ^^rJ        Zl^^^''^!^  ^'^  ^™^"^*-    Approximately  70  per  cent,  of  Cuba's 
foreign  trade  is  with  the  Umted  States. 

The  climate  of  Cuba  is  tropical.  There  are  two  distinct  seasons,  a  dry  season  from 
November  to  April,  and  a  wet  and  hot  season. 

Cuba's  principal  product  is  sugar.  The  island  raises  about  33J  per  cent  of  all  the 
cane  sugar  of  the  world.    The  next  most  important  product  is  tobaccf 

inci.idTch~  ^'  ^"^""^  ^^^^'^  ^  ^^^^^^'  ^"  ^"^^'  -^  *^^  -o-t  is  being 

Of  the  total  imports  to  Cuba  in  1918  the  United  States  suppUed  74  per  cent  and  took 
70  per  cent  of  the  total  exports.     The  per  capita  foreign  trade  of  Cuba  amL^  to  $4^7 
imports  to  $113.27;  exports  to  $157.30.  amouniea  to  »J7U.57, 


CUBA 


Area  and  Population 
The  area  of  Cuba  is  44,215  square  miles     Thp  nnn„iof;^«   f*u 
cities  according  to  the  census  of  IQieTaTas  foU.^f      ^^"^"^'^'^'"^"^^^ 


Province 


Area 
Sq.  miles 


Population 
in  1916 


Population 

per  sp. 

mile 


Havana 

Pinar  del  Rio . 
Matanzas.  . .  . 


Province 


3,174 
5,212 
3,260 


Area 

Sq.  miles 


688,057 
269,166 
280,353 


Population 
in  1916 


Population 

per  sq. 

mile 


216.77 
51.67 
85.99 


I  Santa  Clara 
Camagfley., 
Oriente 


Total. 


8,266 
10.076 
14,227 

44,215 


595,229 
193,201 
604,530 

2,627,536 


72. 

18.87 

42.40 

59.65 


The  chief  towns  are  (population  in  1916)  Havana  '^'jq  9<^q.  q    .•        7~Z 
Matanzas,  56,468;  Cienfueeos  S2  009-  n         ^^^^^^'  '^59,259;  Santiago  de  Cuba,  63,041: 

The  population  is  71.9  per  cent,  white,  28.1  per  cent.  Negro. 

•  Commerce 

tion  amounted  to  $1,433,548.    fn  IGiS  the  ^  ""'^r"  *°  «477,221,863.     Re^xporta- 
import«,  $297,622,2U,  and  expo^  S^Sl  """  ^'"''^'''^-  ""-^ting  of 

Value  of  the  total  foreign  trade  of  the  United  States  with  Cuba  for  eleven  years: 


Year 

June 

30 


Exports 


Domestic 


Foreign 


1909 

1910 

1911 

1912 

1913 

1914 

1915 

1916 

1917 

1918 

1919 


Total 


$42,629,871 

51,794,848 

59,962.955 

61,133,985 

69.605,532 

67,798.245 

73,988,794 

123,425,573 

174,885.578 

227.019,934 


Imports 


Free 


Dutiable 


Sl.283,485 

1.063.910 

746,107 

1.069,066 

975.622 

1.086,183 

1,541.588 

3,773.005 

3.406,750 

8,449,674 


S43.913.356 

52,8.58.758 

60,709,062 

62.203.051 

70..581,154 

68.884.428 

75.530,382 

127.198.578 

178.292..328 

235.469.608 

220,545,706 


Total 


13.404.366 

3.705.045 

4,001,275 

3.995.079 

3,3.58.290 

7.8S7.124 

11,331.628 

14,8.34,933 

15.702..^55 

13,791,168 


Per 

cent. 

free 


Excess  of 
exports   (♦) 

or 
imports   (-) 


593,317,827 

118.822.992 

106.308.193 

116,1.59.247 

121.729,883 

123,416.470 

174,375.275 

214,142,634 

237,693.055 

250,232.838 


$96,722,193 

122,528,037 

110,309,468 

120.154.326 

126,088.173 

131,303,794 

185,706,901 

228,977,667 

253,395,410 

264,024.006 

337,654,142 


3.52 

3.03 

3.63 

3.32 

3.46 

6.01 

6.10 

6.48 

6.20 

5.22 


-$52,808,837 
-69.669,279 
-49.600,406 
-57.951,275 
-55.507,019 
-62,419,366 
-110,176,519 
-101,778,989 
-75,103,082 
-28.554,398 
-117.108,436 


Foreign  trade  of  Cuba  for  eleven  years: 


1907-1908 
1908-1909 
1909-1910 
1910-1911 
1911-1912 
1912-1913 


»98,829,000 
,86.791.000 
1«3,446,000 
108.098,000 
,120,229,000 
*135,810,590 


$112,122,000 

117,564,000 

114,039,000 

129,199,000 

.146,788.000 

$165,208,265 


$210,951,000 
204,355,000 
277,485,000 
237,297.000 
267,017,000 

$301,018,855 


1913-1914 
1914-1915 
1915-1916 
1916-1917 
1917-1918 


134,008, 13S 
128,132,090 
201,024,670 
261,377,234 
297,622,214 


170,797,851 
219,447.322 
336,801.378 
357,040,783 
413,325,251 


304,805,989 
347.580,311 
537,826,048 
618.418,017 
710.947.460 


I! 


64 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Distribution  of  the  foreign  trade  of  Cuba  for  1918: 


Imports 


1918 


Exports 


1918 


United  States , 

United  Kingdom 

Spain 

France 

Germany 

Other  Countries  of  America 
Other  Countries  of  Europe . 
All  other  countries 

Total 


$222,262,276 

9,154,567 

10,392,529 

7,044,221 

2 

20.257.023 

2..302,336 

26,149,260 

$297,622,214 


United  States 

Spain 

United  Kingdom 

France , 

Germany 

Other  Countries  of  America 
Other  countries  of  Europe . 
All  other  countries 

Total 


$293,997,619 

6.775.875 

95,817.266 

5,656.957 

'  9.428,679 

495,154 

1,154.301 

$413,325,251 


Imports  by  classification  of  articles  for  five  fiscal  years: 


Articles 


1912-1913 


1913-1914 


1914-1915 


1915-1916 


Earths,   stones   and   manu- 
factures of: 

Stones  and  earths 

Mineral  oils,  bitumen,  etc. 

Glass  and  crystal  ware .  .  . 

Earthenware  and  porcelain 
Metals    and    manufactures 

of: 

Gold,  silver  and  platinum 

Iron  and  steel 

Copper  and  alloys 

All  other  metals 

Chemicals,     drugs,     paints 

and  perfumeries: 

Primary  products 

Paints,  etc.  varnishes  and 
inks 

Chemical  products 

Oils,  soaps,  etc 

Fibers     and    manufactttres 

of: 

Cotton 

Other  vegetable  fibers. . 

Wool,  hair,  etc 

Silk 

Paper     and     manufactures 

of: 

Paper  and  cardboard 

Books  and  prints 

Wood  and  other  vegetable 

substances: 

Wood  and  manufactures  of 

All-other 

Animals    and   animal     pro- 
ducts: 

Animals 

Hides,  skins,  and  feathers 

Manufactures  of  leather. 
Instruments,  machinery  ap- 
paratus: 

Musical  insturments, 
watches  and  clocks .... 

Machinery 

Apparatus 

Foods  and  drinks: 

Meats 

Fish 

BreadstufFs 

Fruits 

Vegetables 

Beverages  and  oils 

Dairy  products 

All  other 

MisceIlaneou.s 

Articles  free  of  duty 


Total. 


$1,616,725 

1.346.830 

1.796,<K)2 

939,163 


237.890 
6.S14.244 
1.102.349 

376,618 


632,113 

874,359 
4.246.634 
2.334,144 


12.647,332 

4,739.402 

1.220,257 

524.291 


1,764,799 
449,945 


3.674,558 
289.224 


416.261 

703.961 

5,806,433 


321.926 

11.436,444 

3.587.936 

12,629.886 
1.833.800 

16.440,564 
768.201 
5,512,7til 
3.459,419 
2.908,422 
5,7t>5,4S(i 
3,581.979 

13,00{).332 

$135,801,590 


$1,801,636 
1,521.616 
1,577.972 
1,099,527 


351,867 
7,400,425 
1.108.818 

394,450 


496,440 

868.261 
4,159,059 
2,302.883 


10.478.932 

5.3S2.098 

1.216.528 

295.314 


1,949,875 
485,192 


3.344.998 
227.756 


379,2.58 

810,904 

5.109,520 


371.653 

11.061.667 

3,986,826 

12.636,236 
2.289.5.53 

16.175.070 
800.265 
5.170,20;J 
3,997,262 
3,313.834 
5.231,975 
4,886.361 

10.951,949 

$134,008,138 


$1,384,209 

1.447.779 

1.021.971 

766,079 


209.581 

5.340,326 

734,498 

244,529 


532,481 

764.173 
5,119,590 
2.506,789 


9.715,869 

6.203,707 

822.476 

544.923 


1.601.458 
316.589 


3.026.151 
217.996 


282.156 

756.818 

5,532.295 


227.382 
8.538,012 
3.295.803 

11,110.964 
2.510.331 

17.9.54,196 
770,5S0 
6.000.034 
4.245.005 
3.241.295 
4.424.075 
3,767,855 

12.823.419 

$128,132,090 


$2,008,162 

2.380.552 

1.644,871 

902,967 


377,763 

8.488,552 

962.404 

349,661 


676,817 

1.056,377 
6.834.837 
3.264.819 


12.819,237 

6,377.227 

1.399.093 

876.648 


2.573.381 
275.308 


6.037.296 
377.355 


404,445 
1.113,848 
7.072.899 


338.235 

19,.543.575 

6.779.467 

13.975,932 
4.119.831 

21.999.946 
1.200,362 
8,773,508 
5.096.0S2 
3,710,983 
4.899,725 
5.215.9S2 

39.199,633 

$201,023,070 


1916-1917 


$2,034,159 
3.109.421 
2.004,183 
1.258,902 


676.999 

15.233.541 

1,742.475 

424.960 


730.180 

1,340.802 
8.667.812 
4.347.095 


17.821.931 

9.120.791 

2.270.238 

936.173 


3.929,006 
329,386 


6,107,768 
568,687 


693.888 
1,207.958 
8,256,171 


430.004 
29.974,076 
11.960,479 

20,823,774 
3,283.455 

25.845.427 
1,451,324 

11,460.918 
6,410.684 
4.060.992 
6.293.348 
7.419.671 

40.124.657 

$261,377,234 


CUBA 


Iniiwrts  by  countries  whence  shipped  for  five  fiscal  years: 


Countries 


1912-1913 


1913-1914 


1914-1915 


United  States. .  . 

United  Kingdom . 

Spain 

France 

British  India 

Uruguay 

Porto  Rico 

Canada ".  . 

Mexico 

China 

Italy 

Argentina 

Japan 

Netherlands 

Switzerland 

Chile 

Denmark 

Norway 

Germany 

Other  countries.  . 


$71,753,872 
17,411.522 
10.002.302 
8,237.276 
2.;}60,438 
2,224,436 
3,403,716 
1.498,964 
938,180 
130,943 
624,560 
1,057,796 
170,854 
768.316 
385,386 


234,478 

850,400 

9,515,104 

3,033,047 


Total $135,810,590 


$71,420,042 
15.618.673 
10,884.058 
8.257.297 
2,896,929 
1.714.298 
2.987.510 
1,664.902 
1,353,899 
118,423 
770.019 
1,457,633 
141,789 
992..353 
480.082 
1,938 
204.802 
1,419,025 
8,275,766 
3,347,800 

$134,008,138 


$78,971,636 
15.003.714 
10.459,420 
4,240,171 
3,023,206 
1,588.847 
2.427,750 
1,309.457 
1,710,763 
151.016 
717,161 
888.244 
97.238 
1,779.861 
143,844 
123,018 
253,516 
2,186.724 
2.218,556 
837,343 

$128,132,090 


Exports  by  classification  of  articles  for  five  years: 


Articles 


1912-1913 


1913-1914 


1914-1915 


Animals  and  animal  products ; 

I^ive  animals 

Hides  and  skins .......... 

Other  animal  products .... 
augar  and  molasses : 

Sugar 

Molasses 

Confectionery. ... 
Fruits,  grains  and  vegetabies: 

rruits 

Grains ' 

Marine  products: 

Tortoise  shell 

Sponges 

Mtneral  products: 

A.splialt 

Jr.""'  8ol<j  and  copper  ores! '. 
Uld  metals 

Forest  products: 

Vegetable  fibers 

Woods ...  ■  ■  ■  ■ 

Tobaclo^"^  tanning  materiaV.  [ 

Unmanufactured .  . 

-Manufactured..  

Miscellaneous: 
J^pe  products .  . 

Distilled  products    

Uther  articles 

He-exportations.    

I  Money 

Total 


$10,617 

2,431.421 

111,043 

111,797,751 

1,978.071 

68,593 

2.474,949 
705.223 

44,344 
295,354 

60,924 

4,837,798 
49,483 

214,2.33 
2.314,105 


21,649,893 
13.913.650 

833.004 
493.549 
435.865 
487.325 
890 


$14,869 

2,568.154 

150.147 

119,742,942 

2.434.908 

83.296 

2,823.672 
739,539 

46,688 
300,472 

23,951 

4,203,121 

154.904 

51,169 
1,660,819 


19,007,213 
13,773,202 

874,408 
531,944 
2.59,036 
624,388 
667,210 


$8,597 

2.413.711 

102,615 

175,610,919 

2,726.956 

57,681 

2,708,829 
724,434 

2.870 
182,261 

11.070 

3,798,470 

81,797 

88,148 
878,685 


14,637,303 
8,312,134 

455,518 
624,311 
718,209 
769,083 
4,533.721 


1915-1916 


$149,590,768 
16,714.838 
12.399,319 
5,358,342 
3,410.185 
2.661.578 
2.427,.344 
1.310,067 
1,207,097 
426,062 
735,783 
766,610 
260,420 
802,800 
222,091 
16,412 
256,791 
1.296,031 
64,367 
929,593 

$201,023,670 


1915-1916 


$11,011 

3,338,309 

111,479 

252,696,678 

3,169,516 

77.513 

2,699,341 
847,958 

11,330 
199,091 

15,294 

6.978,610 

304,106 

134.706 
846.167 


16.264.491 
9.495,369 

704.,351 

2.916.450 

301.037 

831.534 

34.847.037 


65 


1916-1917 


$194,822,851 
19,352,765 
16.151.692 
6.227,217 
4.578,116 
4,239,010 
3.168.664 
3,630,870 
2,573.712 
1,232.787 
738.061 
694,553 
647,067 
526.191 
461,063 
394,600 
380,525 
356,631 
3,170 
197,689 

$261,377,234 


1916-1917 


$8,177 

3,151,278 

107.190 

272.046.686 

7.078,821 

104,372 

2.541.353 
676,556 

29,694 
228.091 

12.229 

12,039.614 
49,545 

312.165 

1,585.871 

75 

17.626.575 
9,689,418 

983,238 
2,405,114 

414.967 

1.240,.554 

24.708.200 


66 


EXPORTERS  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Exports  by  countries  for  five  fiscal  y 


ears; 


Countries 


1912-1913 


1913-1914 


1914-1916 


United  States 

United  Kingdom 

Spain 

France 

British  West  Indies! 

Argentina 

Canada .... 

Italy 

Portugal 

Mexico 

Netherlands .... . . '. 

Uruguay ," 

Australia 

Denmark ...... 

Germany 

Other  countries .... 


1915-1916 


1916-1917 


Total. 


$132,581,459 

15,663,022 

878.236 

1,825,766 

28,775 

1,518,857 

2,919,664 

36.087 

33,809 

61,065 

594,140 

415,836 

338,885 

249 

6.497.665 

1,814,750 

$165,208,265 


$136,936,029 

18,245.309 

1.326.109 

2,651,792 

36.069 

971,820 

2,065,715 

91.273 

16,250 

30,511 

374,585 

342,797 

412,643 

1,306 

4.436.040 

2.858,603 

$170,796,858 


$185,995,364 

24.218,061 

3,156,967 

854,035 

9,131 

582.969 

1,415,946 

49,899 

58,403 

61,733 

807,547 

239.695 

230,810 

107.229 

644.582 

1,014.951 

$219,447,322 


$247,197,416 

52,378,661 

20,339^25 

8.366.324 

2,989 

1.058,718 

770,341 

2,380,642 

34.045 

111.927 

1,830.252 

348.847 

228,315 

406.942 

7* 

1.346.627 

$336,801,378 


$255,728,562 

53.457,223 

29,807,450 

9,031,096 

1,686.639 

1,501.976 

1,022,164 

764,551 

743,084 

639.198 

341.724 

302,464 

240,351 

185.427 

'  i, '587,874 

$357,039,783 


Production  and  Industry 
The  principal  resources  of  Cuba  are  smrar  anH  f/^ha/.o/^     T>k    •  i     j  •   .i    , 
sugar  producer  in  the  world,  and  also  ^oTfine  to^al       rtlTli         ^l^^'°*  '"'' 
.tatiatice  for  sugar  production  since  iSo.  L  Jns  0/2  240  XtZ^.  '*""'  ^""^  '""^ 


Year 


Tons 


1900. 
1901. 
1902. 
1903. 
1904. 
1905. 
1906. 
1907. 
1908. 
1909. 


308,543 

635,856 

850,181 

998,878 

1,040.228 

1,163,258 

1,198.749 

1,427,673 

961,958 

1,513.582 


Year 


1910 

1911... 
1912.... 

1913 

1914... 

1915 

1916. ... 
1917... 

1918 

1919  (estimated) 


TODB 


1,804,349 
1,480,217 
1,893,687 
2,429.240 
2.596.567 
2,582,845 
3,006,624 
3.019,938 
3.444,605 
4.010,571 


The  following  table  showa  the  number  of  sugar  plantations  in  each  of  the  provinces: 


Province 


Number 
of 
Plan- 
tations 


Output 

in  bags 

1918 

crop 


Estimated 
total 
1919 
crop 


Pinar  del  Rio 

Havana 

Matanzas.  .  . 
Santa  Clara. . 


11 
22 
40 
71 


Province 


Number 
of 
Plan- 
tations 


Output 
in  bass 
19lF 
crop 


521.051 
2.446.595 
4.834,325 
6.395.926 


784.000 
2.695.000 
5.098.000 
7.320.000 


Estimated 
total 
1919 
crop 


Camaguey . 
Oriente 


Total . 


21 
46 

211 


3,735.130 
6.171.832 

24.104,859 


5.065.000 
7.608.000 

28.570.000 


The  approximate  acreage  under  cultivation  of  suirar  is  l  ^Rd  «i9  ♦».«  «„ 
acre  being  4.900  pounds     Of  the  total  area  plan^Ll^ane  S  I'i'r^rtTco^^C 
by  the  mill  owners,  while  44  per  cent,  is  cultivated  by  independent  faLe™  whnTi  71 
cane  to  the  m.lls.    In  1917  the  mills  numbered  201,'over  Sx.  ^^IZTiTy^l'^^. 

r=e-Trrtrf:=rrgrp=/z^^^^^^^ 


CUBA 


67 


The  production  of  alcohol  from  molasses,  or  "raiel,"  as  the  waste  product  of  the  sugar 

[mill  is  named,  grew  from  200,500  gallons  in  1912  to  2,570,329  gallons  in  1918.     The  exports 

of  the  miel  to  the  United  States  amounted  in  1912  to  55,765,635  gallons,  and  in  1916  to 

128,506,459  gallons.    Ten  new  distiUery  plants  are  being  constructed  with  a  view  to  making 

use  of  this  material,  much  of  which  has  previously  been  an  economic  waste. 

Alcohol  made  from  molasses,  after  supplying  local  demand,  is  exported  in  considerable 
quantities. 

The  center  of  the  tobacco  region  is  the  Province  of  Pinar  del  Rio,  in  which  a  strip  of 
land  90  miles  by  10,  known  as  the  Vuelta  Abajo,  produces  the  grade  of  that  name,  generally 
considered  the  finest  grown.  Other  grades  of  excellent  quahty  are  produced  in  the  Provinces 
of  Havana  and  Santa  Clara,  the  poorest  Cuban  tobacco  being  produced  in  the  Province  of 
Oriente.  The  manufacture  of  cigars  and  cigarettes  and  the  preparation  of  tobacco  is,  next 
to  the  manufacture  of  sugar,  the  principal  purely  manufacturing  industry  of  the  republic. 

Fruits,  chiefly  pineapples,  grapefruit,  oranges,  lemons,  bananas  and  cocoanuts  are 
grown  in  considerable  quantities,  and  are  exported.  In  the  Province  of  Oriente  iron,  cop- 
per and  manganese  mines  are  extensively  worked,  1,510  mines  being  registered  in  1913. 
There  are  rich  asphalt  beds  as  yet  not  extensively  worked.  There  are  large  forest  areas 
producing  cedar  and  mahogany,  the  former  being  extensively  manufactured  locally  into 
cigar  boxes,  and  the  latter  exported. 

In  1916  the  total  number  of  cattle  on  the  island  amounted  to  4,000,000,  an  average  of 
87  per  square  mile  and  1.62  per  capita.  The  cattle  ranches  are  located  principally  in  the 
Provinces  of  Camagiiey,  Oriente,  and  Santa  Clara. 

Cacao,  coflFee  and  cereals  are  minor  products,  the  production  of  cotton  is  being  experi- 
mentally undertaken,  agriculture  is  being  developed,  and  sponges  are  gathered  on  the  south 
coast  at  Batabano. 
Language:  Spanish. 

Local  Advertising  Media: 

The  press  in  Cuba  is  progressive  and  flourishing,  and  the  newspapers  and  magazines 
rank  high.  There  are  four  important  morning  daihes  in  Havana  and  three  important 
evenmg  daihes  besides  a  number  of  less  important  newspapers.  There  are  three  weU  edited 
weekly  magazines  of  a  high  type,  also  one  with  a  more  popular  appeal.  There  is  a  general 
monthly  magazine,  artistically  printed,  also  two  automobile  monthhes,  a  sugar  trade 
review,  an  engineering  journal  and  two  dental  pubhcations.  There  are  also  daihes  in 
important  cities  throughout  the  island,  including  five  in  Santiago. 
Money  and  Banking: 

The  coinage  law  of  1914  estabhshed  the  national  comage  on  the  gold  basis  the  unit 

bemg  the  gold  peso  with  a  value  equivalent  to  that  of  the  United  States  doUar.    There  are 

^,  10,  5,  4  and  2  peso  gold  coins;  1  peso,  40,  20,  and  10  cent  silver  coins,  and  5.  2  and  1 

,  cent  mckel  coins.    United  States  coinage  is  legal  tender  in  Cuba.    There  is  no  paper  money 

Weights  and  Measures:  The  metric  system  obtains. 
Railways: 

Danil^'^J^?  approximately  2  415  miles  of  railway  in  Cuba,  the  property  of  four  oom- 
S.  W  y^  «*J'"'y«  of  Havana,  the  Cuba  Railroad,  the  Cuban  Central  Railway 
hi  wf    '.?  ^rr  "IH^^T-    '^''^  "°^  "o^  """^^^  *h«  "••i^f  «i«es  and  porta 

consideration.  The  larger  sugar  estates  possess  their  own  raihx.ads  which  connect  with  the 
mam  hnes. 


[Telephones:  Telephone  service  is  suppHed  in  114  towns,  16,000  instruments  being 


« 


t 


m  use. 


I 


68 


!         i 


^^^l2^IEEL2^?^nEl_^lJORmGN  MARKETS 


Post  Office  and  Telegraph: 

operi;'eJ'by  '^:'^::2lr'  """^^  '  '-'""-  '"'"°-  -«>  226  telegraph  stations,  a.. 
Shipping  Routes: 

New  York  and  Cuba  Mail  S.  S.  Co.  (Ward  Line) 
Munson  Steamship  Line. 
United  Fruit  Company. 

Cuban  AH  Rail  Route  (Key  West,  Fla ) 
Customs  Tariff: 

cip  JS  t^^"^i'^:^2^Z  S  r  ^  "-'7'  '^**-  -'■e  Re. 
from  2.5  to  40  per  cent,  on  manufactures  of  the  Unft^Statt  """'"'^  '"'  P''''^'*'"'-  "' 
from  any  other  nation.  The  preferential  reIc«o^appt  °T  '""'/"  '""^  ''"P""^' 
mcludmg  manufactures  of  copper  iron  and  st^fl.  .^'^^  .  ^**'  ''*"«'>'  °f  Koods, 
from  the  United  States  other  l^rosespeS  fort "f  ""j'  r'*.""  ^~<^-  ^"  -P°^t^ 
procity  Treaty  and  not  admitted  f r^of  d2  ^e  «  r^^'^  t^^ 
the  rate  of  duty  imposed  on  such  merthlnd^'bTthX:  iZ'''  ""'^  ^"'=*""'  '""" 

Samples  of  dutiable  merchandise  oav  f.,11  Hnf, 
less  than  $500  are  declared  as  samples  and    "^^^^^^  "'"^^''''^    ^'  '"'"P^^  ^^'^  ^^^^ed  at 
the  duty  paid  will  be  refunded.    Certain  sl^L^^^^^^  "^'^'l  ^  ^^^«'  ^5  per  cent,  of 

of  duty.  ^'^'''  '^™P^^'  °^  '^^  commercial  value  are  admitted  free 

Consular  and  Diplomatic  Representatives: 

Cuba  mamtains  a  minister  in  Wfl«hinfTf««   o  i 

New  Yorlc  Mobile,  San  FrancSc"  It  S' Key  W^f  Sl '  V^^^"  ^•'^''-  --"'«  '- 
Baltunore,  Boston,  St.  Louis,  Philadelphia,  Galviton  ChkrT^'^  '  S"""^"'  New  Orleans, 
gues.  Ponce  and  San  Juan  (P.  R.),  vice^on^X^  w„.h-  .  "'  N^'^"  News,  Maya- 
honorary  consuls  in  Atlanta,  Brunsw Xan^  Savannl  F^  °  T^  ^^^  ^"''^  C'V.  and 
geles,  Louisville  Detroit,  Gulfport,  P^^oi,  C^  arcr'  '^T'^.t'  ^  ^n- 
Norfolk,  Aguaddlaand  Arecibo  (P.  R.)  and  St.  ThomTv.Vrin  iSS""*''  ^'"'"*°«'Ka. 

The  Umted  States  maintains  a  mini«f»r  «„,i  ■  '^'a^Os. 

Havana,  Cienfuegos,  Santiago  3  NurtSvi^^^onsXtrH™'  "'  "''^'"'a,  consuls  at 
^as,  Nuevitas,  Antilla  and  Santiago,  and  consiJT^'n  ,  „f  o*  k"^'  ^'™f"eKo«.  Matan- 
Cardenas,  Nueva  Gerona,  (Isle  of'pines),  cTrntn^rTand  ManztX"'  ''"^''  '*  «""«"'' 
Consular  Regulations:  ^^lauzanmo. 

Five  copies  of  consular  invoices  are  required  for  R«,ror.„        j  * 
They  may  be  drawn  in  either  English  or  SpanisCbut  i  irawn"^^  'Tk"'^^^  P^"«- 

m  Cuba  withm  the  48  hours  allowed  for  customs  en  rv  BhL  nf  f  ^  ""^'^  ^^  translated 
by  the  consul,  and  for  this  purpose  non-negoSe  copies  mav  h  "^'^^  T^  ^«  ^^^^^^^^ 
cost  $0.10  per  set,  and  consular  invoices  up  to  SsX^  v^  '  "'^-  ^^"^^^^r  blanks 
$5.00  to  $49.99  the  charge  is  $0.50;  fror$50  00  to  $^0  m  f ^'  T  '"'^^^^  ^'^-  From 
$2.00  plus  $0.10  for  each'additional  $lS^o™ion  IS  Cert  ^'r''  *'.f '  "^^^  «200 
costs  $1.00  per  set.  Extra  consular  invoices  are  certified  at  $0  ^  ^f  h  '"  p^^  .^'"^  ^^  ^^^^«« 
marked  with  either  stencil  or  brush.  certmed  at  $0.50  each.     Packages  may  be 

Cable  Rate : 

Havana,  $0.15;  other  offices,  $0.20  per  word  from  New  York  or  New  Fn.i      i  ^. 
Postal  Rates:  United  States  domestic  rate.  ^^'^"^  ^^^^• 

Mail  Time:  Four  days  to  Havana  direct. 
Parcel  Post: 

Service  extends  to  Cuba.     Limit  of  weiehf  4  nnimrla    a 
must  be  taken  out  for  all  parcels  sent  bv  l^rtlpLt  '      """'^'-     ""  ''"'^"'"  '"^"''^ 

Money  Orders:  Issued  on  domestic  forms. 
International  Reply  Coupons:  Issued. 


CURACAO 


69 


• 


CURACAO 

(Dutch  West  Indies) 

The  Dutch  colony  of  Curasao  consists  of  six  islands  in  the  Caribbean,  the  area  and 
population  of  which  are  shown  in  the  following  table: 


Islands 


Square 
Miles 


Population 


Cura9ao 
Bonaire. 
Aruba.. 


Islands 


Square 
Miles 


210 
95 
69 


34,168 
6,714 
9,481 


St.  Martin® 
St.  Eustatius 
Saba 


17 

7 
5 


403 


Population 


3,369 
1,410 
2,339 

57,381 


Note:  ©Only  the  southern  part  belongs  to  Holland;  the  northern  to  France. 

'^^  population  is  mixed;  there  are  many  Dutch  and  Germans,  some   English,  some 
01  Latm  American  extraction  and  a  large  proportion  of  Negroes.    The  colony  is  adminis- 


It  4 

r    I 


I 


,j"^ 


70 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


trated  by  a  governor  and  council  appointed  by  the  queen  of  Holland.  The  island  of  Cura9ao 
proper  is  41  miles  from  the  coast  of  Venezuela.  Rainfall  is  scanty,  and  agriculture  suc- 
ceeds only  where  irrigation  can  be  practised.  The  capital,  and  only  important  town,  is 
Willemstad. 

The  principal  industries  are  the  making  of  straw  hats,  mining  of  phosphate,  some  gold 
and  silver,  and  the  growing  of  sisal.  There  is  an  ostrich  farm,  and  a  petroleum  refinery; 
and  the  building  of  schooners  is  an  important  industry.  Orange  peel  which  is  an  ingredient 
of  the  Curasao  liqueur  (manufactured  in  Holland)  is  shipped  from  the  island. 

There  are  two  banks;  the  Cura9ao  Bank,  a  government  institution,  and  Maduro's 
Bank.    As  a  coaling  port,  the  island  does  a  large  business. 

Good  harbor  facihties,  low  port  dues,  and  a  bonded  warehouse  system,  together  with 
its  strategic  geographical  position  on  the  trade  routes  to  the  West  Indies  and  northern  coast 
of  South  America  make  Cura9ao  a  trading  port  of  unusual  importance. 

Commerce 

Imports  in  1916,  $2,461,527  United  States  currency. 
Exports  in  1916,  $967,339  United  States  currency. 

Total  imports  [of  Cura9ao  with  the  share  supphed  by  the  United  States  during  1916 
and  1917: 


Articles 


1016 


From  all 
countries 


From  the 

U.S. 


1917 


From  all 
countries 


From  the 
U.S. 


Automobiles 

Bay  mm 

Beans  and  peas 

Beer  and  malt  extracts. 

Biscuits 

Butter 

Candies  and  chocolates. 

Canned  goods 

Cattle 

Cement 

Cheese 

Cigars 

Cigarettes 

Clothing,  ready  made .  . 

Coal,  bunker 

Copper  sheeting 

Corn 

Corn  meal 

Drugs  and  chemicals. . .  . 

Enameled  ware 

Farm  implements 

Fish: 

Cod 

Other 

Flour,  wheat  and  rye .  .  . 
Fruit: 

Fresh 

Preserved 

Furniture 

Glass  and  glassware 

Goats 

Gold  and  silver  ware . . .  . 

Hats,  straw 

Lard 

Leather: 

Sole 

Other 

Liquors: 

Gin 

Rum 

Other 


$23,035 
6,070 
16,340 
10,166 
20.438 
29,278 
10,500 
48,270 
16.114 
11.586 
11,734 
16.315 
42.207 
9,766 
98,636 
11,102 
28,847 

205,494 
21,220 


2,282 

3,888 
177,796 

8,670 

2.352 
12.908 

6,390 
542 

1,674 
10,510 
34,618 

22.262 
7,242 

25.486 
45,518 
21,140 


$23,035 

"iV.SOfl 
5.286 

16.868 

18,124 
7,714 

34,568 

'lV.528 

3,502 

250 

124 

8,294 
97.010 
11.094 
12.621 
203,020 
12,500 


2,672 

166,054 

1,464 
1,848 

11,116 

4,268 

90 

1,592 

5,780 

34,210 

1,384 
7,224 


6,946 
208 


$10,655 

1.260 

11,905 

8,799 

17.279 

23,649 

9.388 

40.382 

18,452 

18,494 

9,157 

6,649 

37,187 

6,535 

233,250 

19,131 

91.436 

131,332 

16,125 

6,169 

1,195 

1,816 

4.103 

239.290 

9,600 

1,748 

13.032 

4.654 

2.038 

4.715 

10.459 

30.531 

21,866 
9.134 

4,324 

30,367 

6,202 


$10,656 

1,257 

2,967 

6,670 

15,028 

16.736 

8,463 

33.701 

17,668 

5,160 

1,281 

1.408 

6.1.57 

225.133 

19,131 

1.027 

131,275 

14,333 

5,086 

1,195 

1.630 


217,068 

1.105 

1,679 

12,766 

3.925 

4"63i 

6,234 

29,817 

1,550 
8,778 

58 
4.180 
2,036 


Continued  on  page  71 


Tabic — continued: 


Articles 


CURACAO 


191C 


From 
All  countries 


U.S. 


Lumber : 

Building 

Hardwood 

Machinery: 

Electrical 

Agricultural 

Industrial 

Mining 

Street  car 

Matches 

Manufactures: 

Iron 

Other 

Meat: 

Dried 

Salt 

Pork  heads 

Naval  Stores 

Notions 

Oils: 

Crude 

Gasoline 

Kerosene 

Linseed 

Other 

Oleomargarine 

Onions 

Paints 

Perfumes 

Pianos  and  organs.  .  . 

Potatoes 

Pottery  and  porcelain 

Rice 

Roof  tiles 

Rope 

Sacks,  empty 

Shoes 

Soap 

Starch 

Straw  for  hats 

Sugar: 

Brown 

White 

Tea 

Tobacco: 

Manufactured 

Unmanufactured . 

Wine 

All  other  aticles 

Total 


$45,302 
2,844 

5,004 

2,632 

357,706 

19,640 

642 

4,436 

8,784 
240,861 

2,167 
9,426 

15,751 
852 

10,434 


16,686 

21,454 

3,334 

15,971 

14,550 

5,952 

6,978 

15,774 

3.709 

12.898 

4.152 

7.456 

1.936 

13.408 

42.564 

20.972 

22,426 

8,241 

38,020 

76,090 

25,150 

3,076 

21,184 

3,018 

11,276 

298,936 

$2,461,528 


S35,405 


6,004 

2,604 

325,502 

11,022 

392 

2,151 

7.934 
159,113 


9,232 

15.251 

852 

8.922 


16,606 
20,896 
1.204 
14,331 
9,132 
2,246 
1,968 
3,688 
3.540 
8,297 
2,804 
3.772 

12,980 

2,224 

18,680 

14.210 

874 


60 

24.570 

310 

19.881 

2.892 

96 

191.963 

$1,721,607 


71 


1917 


From 

All  Countries 


U.S. 


$67,932 
12,460 

5.348 

305.344 
6,310 
1,684 
5.741 

4.758 
200,338 

7.471 
4,829 
8,749 
1.321 

8,789 

101,198 
35,172 
29,878 

7,030 
24,372 
13.653 

7,604 

7,209 
20,327 

1,287 
14,688 

4,774 
11,105 
966 
19,467 
39,556 
23,092 
16,770 
11,574 
55,752 

112,456 

20,115 

1,719 

15,502 

4,496 

9,480 

383,601 

$2,744,135 


$60,049 
3,320 

5.348 

298.984 
5,207 
1,638 
4,971 

4,499 
154,568 


4,474 

7,988 
1,035 
7,808 


35,150 

29,623 

5.899 

20,695 

10,741 

3,055 

4,274 

11.688 

1,287 

9.666 

2,276 

8,149 

19,353 
23,621 
22,556 
13,462 
1.238 


72 

17,383 

1,351 

14,389 

4,474 

2,484 

295,047 

$1,920,199 


Total  foroign  trade  of  the  United  States  with  the  Dutch  West  Indies  for  seven  years: 


Year 

Ended 

June 

30 


1913. 

1914 

IQl.!. 

1916 

1917. 

1918. 

1919. 


Exports 


Imports 


Domestic 


$1,012,815 
901.268 
1,103.868 
1, 533.0^)3 
1.962.872 
1,606.844 


Foreign 


Total 


Free 


Dutiable 


Total 


Per 
Cent. 
Free 


Excess  of 
Exports  (♦) 

or 
Imports  (-) 


$7,689 
5.272 
6,720 

30.541 
8,244 

15.952 


$1,020,504 
906.540 
1.110.588 
1,569,604 
1,971,116 
1,622,796 
1,424,440 


$482,519 
370..560 
479.741 
726,007 
737,055 
644,704 


$192,843 
142,399 
119,231 
118,717 
163,220 
411,918 


$675,362 

71.45 

512,9.59 

72.24 

598,972 

80.09 

844,784 

85.95 

900,275 

81.  SS 

1,056,622 

61.02 

2,240,746 

♦$345,142 
♦39.3,581 
♦511.616 
♦724,820 

♦1.070,841 
♦566,174 
-816,306 


72 


EXPORTERS  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Exports  to  the  United  States  during  1916  and  1917: 


Aloea 

Balsam,  copaiba 

Beans 

Chicle,  gum 

Coffee 

Copper,  old 

Divi-divi 

Hats: 

Palm 

Straw 
Hides 
Honey 

Mangrove  bark 
Manure 
Salt 
Skins: 

Calf 

Deer 

Goat 

Sheep 
Sugar 

Seed,  castor 
Woods: 

Box 

Brazil 

Fustic .  . 

Lignum-vitae 
Log 

Vera 

Other 
Wool 
All  other  articles 

Total 


Money: 

The  luLT^.:^^^^^^^  -^  -  supplemented  by  a  colonial  coinage. 

into  ?00  cen\r7heTe  a^e  tn^^^^^^  ^^l"?  'T°^^'  ^  *^^  "^*  «^  -»-«'  ^-^  is  divided 

Dieces     Unitorl  ^ilT  '       ""  "^  ^  ^^"^  P*^^'^«'  ^"d  copper  2i^,  1  and  H  cent 

pieces.     United  States  currency  is  accepted  at  a  2  per  cent,  discount 

Weights  and  Measures:  Metric  system. 
Diplomatic  and  Consular  Representatives: 

The  United  States  has  a  consul  at  Willpmafo^i      x>  ^  .- 

take  charge  of  the  inte.sts  of  cia^ao  ^  the  U^^ted  sC  "  "'  *'"  '"''''""""'' 

Languages: 

most^lr„TtVro:Ti„l';rr:  7  Tr.'-  ^"'^^  •'"''  ^"^"^"^  ^pa^h  being 

Tk    TV-  "iJ'  w"Pio>ea.     ii^ngljsh  is  understood  by  the  business  mpn  r^f  ♦».«  •  i    T 

The  ^egroe.  and  lower  classes  speak  a  patois  known  as  plpiamen^.  ^"  "'*'"'• 

Shipping  Routes : 

Royal  Dutch  West  India  Mail  Line 
Red  "D"  Line. 

Customs  Tariff: 

The  customs  tariflF  of  Curacao  fixes  thp  valii«f;^«  ^f        *      .-  , 
ad  valorem  duty  on  the  fixed  value  "''''^  ^'^^'^^  ^^^  ^«««es  an 


CURACAO 

» 


73 


Consular  Regulations: 

No  consular  documents  are  required,  nor  are  there  any  restrictions  as  to  marks,  weights, 
etc. 

Cable  Rates:  To  Cura9ao  $1.38  per  word  from  New  York  and  New  England  states. 
Postal  Rates:  United  States  domestic  letter  rates. 
Mail  Time:  About  8  days. 
Parcel  Post: 

Service  extends  to  Cura9ao,  Aruba,  Bonaire  Saba,  St.  Eustatius  and  Dutch  part  of 
St.  Martin,  via  Curasao.    Parcels  cannot  be  registered.     Prohibitions:  Coin  and  instru- 
ments for  manufacture  thereof;  ammunition  and  arms,  except  upon  special  permit  of  gov- 
ernment.    Two  copies  of  the  "Customs  Declaration"  must  be  attached  to  each  parcel. 
Money  Orders:  Not  issued. 
International  Reply  Coupons:  Issued. 


DOMINICAN  REPUBLIC 

A  republic  in  the  West  Indies  occupying  two-thirds  of  the  island  of  Santo  Domingo  or 
Haiti.  The  area  of  the  Dominican  Repubhc  is  approximately  equivalent  to  that  of  Massa- 
chusetts and  Vermont. 

Since  1915  the  republic  has  virtually  been  a  protectorate  of  the  United  States,  being 
garrisoned  by  the  United  States  Marine  Corps  and  governed  by  a  United  States  naval 
officer.  Under  these  conditions  the  foreign  commerce  of  the  republic  has  increased 
enormously. 

Of  the  total  imports  of  the  Republic  in  1918  the  United  States  supplied  80  per  cent,  and 
took  81  per  cent,  of  the  total  exports.  The  per  capita  foreign  trade  of  the  Dominican 
Republic  amounted  to  $59.55;  imports  to  $27.87;  exports  to  $31.68. 

The  climate  is  tropical,  and  there  are,  in  general,  two  seasons,  the  rainy,  from  April 
to  October,  and  the  dry  from  October  to  April. 

The  principal  products  of  the  Dominican  Republic  are  cacao,  sugar  and  cocoanuts. 

Area  and  Population  > 

The  area  of  the  republic  is  estimated  at  19,325  miles.  The  population  by  provinces  is 
shown  by  the  following  table: 


Province  of 


Population 


Capital 


Province  of 


Population 


Capital 


Santo  Domingo, 
iSeybo 

Asua * . 

Santiago 

Espaillat ...... 

La  Ve<?a 

'  San  Pedro 
Macoris 


127,976 
68,135 
59,783 

123,972 
64,108 

105,000 

28.000 


Santo  Domingo 

Santa  Crut  del  Seybo 

Azua 

Santiago  de  los  Caballeros 

MocB. 

Concepcion  de  la  Vega 

San  Pedro  Macoris 


Barahona. . . . 

Samand 

Pacificador.  . 
Puerto  Plata. 
Monte  Cristi , 


17,891 
12,675 
90.569 
55,864 
41,459 


Barahona 

Santa  Barba  de  Samana 
San  Francisco  de  Macoris 
San  Felipe  de  Puerto  Plata 
San  Fernando  de  Monte 
Cristi 


[Note:  Population  from  "Renacimiento"  of  Santo  Domingo,  February  1,  1917. 

1 40 ni^^^u^^^^  '^'  however,  believed  to  be  high.    Santo  Domingo  City,  the  capital,  has 
^",uuu  inhabitants;  Santiago  de  los  Caballeros,  45,000,  San  Pedro  de  Macoris,  20,000,  La 
L  Tq  ^PP^°^"™ately  8,000;  Azua,  Monte  Cristi,  San  Francisco  de  Macoris,  Moca,  Samand 
and  Sanchez  from  4,000  to  5,000  each. 


■   } 

i 

i 

r  1 

M 


74 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Commerce 

The  value  of  the  total  foreign  trade  of  the  Dominican  Republic  in  1918  was  $42,108,496. 
Of  this  total,  imports  amounted  to  S19,736,152  and  exports  to  $22,372,344. 

Value  of  the  total  foreign  trade  of  the  United  States  with  the  Dominican  Republic  for 
eleven  years: 


Year 

ExroRTS 

Imports 

Excess  of 

ended 

Per 

cent. 

exports  (*) 

June 

or 

30 

Domestic 

Foreign 

Total 

Free 

Dutiable 

Total 

free 

imports  (-) 

1909 

$2,501,919 

$77,401 

$2,579,320 

$2,063,170 

$1,590,710 

$3,653,880 

56.47 

$-1,074,560 

1910 

3,030,520 

75,882 

3.100.402 

2.356.020 

106,696 

2,402.716 

95.67 

♦    643.680 

1911 

3,741,197 

64,132 

3,805.329 

3.003.4HS 

628,965 

3,632.453 

82.69 

♦    172.876 

1912 

4,353,380 

72,102 

4.425.4S2 

3.772.953 

612,117 

4.385.070 

86  04 

♦      40.412 

1913 

5,750,989 

51.778 

5,802,767 

3.599.642 

129,132 

3.728,774 

96.54 

♦2,073.993 

1914 

4.862,843 

54,358 

4,917,201 

3.700.755 

176,079 

3,870,834 

95.46 

♦1.040,307 

1915 

5,248,536 

431,763 

5,080,299 

6.040,114 

3,180.283 

9,820,397 

67.57 

-4,140,098 

1916 

7,143,323 

484,180 

7,027,503 

8.290.040 

5,100.013 

13.450,053 

61.65 

-5,829,  l.-iO 

1917 

13,359,473 

434,952 

13,794.425 

8,070,291 

6.210,008 

14,892.299 

58.26 

-1.096.874 

1918 

15,107,090 

904,600 

16,011,690 

4,802,408 

3,259,004 

8,061,412 

59.57 

♦7.950.278 

1919 

15,578,063 

9,801,954 

♦5.776,709 

The  total  foreign  trade  for  11  years: 


Year 

iMPOaxs 

Exports 

Total 

Year 

Exports 

Imports 

Total 

1908 
1909 
1910 
1911 
1912 
1913 

$4,767,775 
4,425.913 
6.257.691 
6.949.602 
8.217.898 
9.272,278 

$9,396,487 
8,113.690 
10.849,023 
10,995,546 
12,385,248 
10,469,947 

$14,104,202 
12,5.39,603 
17,107,314 
17,945,208 
20,603,146 
19,742,225 

1914 
1915 
1916 
1917 
1918 

$6,729,007 
9,118.514 
11.664,430 
17,400,004 
l<>,730,ir>2 

$10,588,787 
15.209.061 
21,527,873 
22.444,.580 
22,372,344 

$17,317,794 
24.327,575 
33,192.303 
39,844.644 
42,108,496 

Total  foreign  trade  during  1917  and  1918,  showing  distribution  by  countries: 


Countries 


1918 


1917 


Countries 


1918 


1917 


United  States. . . 

Porto  Rico 

Cuba 

United  Kingdom. 

France 

Italy 

Spain 

Canada 

Netherlands 

Denmark , 

Belgium , 

Switzerland 

Sweden , 

Gibraltar 

Japan 


$35,207,332 

3,010,543 

253.847 

942,132 

780,964 

39,869 

842,195 

595,724 

2,059 

24,126 


4,617 

3,171 

18.000 

2,257 


$32,267,1.38 

2,531,825 

88,536 

809,535 

484.270 

105.013 

401.797 

2,502,309 

173,971 

86,200 

108 

19,121 

6,593 

15,000 

112 


French  Africa 

Ecuador 

Mexico 

Argentina 

Venezuela 

French  West  Indies. . . . 

Virgin  Inlands 

Haiti 

Other  British  West  Indies 
Dutch  West  Indies.  .  .  . 

Jamaica 

Canary  Islands 


Total . 


$10,000 

1,121 

9.500 

2,579 

2,370 

23,259 

28,272 

169.669 

12.435 

83.524 

32,928 


$42,108,496 


$2,370 


47.936 

28.692 

163,085 

6,325 
31,285 

2,177 
11,120 


$39,844,644 


DOMINICAN  REPUBLIC 


75 


Principal  imports  during  1917  and  1918: 


Articles 


1917 
Value 


1918 
Value 


Agricultural  machinery,  tools,  and  implements 

Automobiles 

Other  cars,  carriages,  other  vehicles,  and  parts  of 

Cement 

Chemicals  and  pharmaceutical  products,  simple  drugs,  oils,  fats,  waxes, 

and  their  derivatives 

Coal,  coke,  briquettes,  and  other  fuels 

Cotton 

Fibers,  vegetable  and  manufactures 

Foodstuffs,  meats,  fish,  grains,  fruits,  vegetables,  and  preparation  of 

(except  rice  and  wheat  flour) 

Rice 

Wheat  Flour 

Liquors  and  beverages 

Hides  and  skins  and  manufactures 

Iron  and  steel  and  manufactures 

Machinery  and  apparatus 

Oils,  mineral 

Paints  and  pigments 

Woods  and  manufactures  of 

All  other  articles 

Total 


$124,620 
121,984 
234,182 
189,989 

477,056 
175.244 

3,943,199 
478,349 

1,261,550 

1.317,112 
833,149 
404,875 
714,398 

1,841,624 

1,304,699 
518,498 
140,852 
400,146 

1,828.538 

$17,400,064 


$238,045 
199,265 
427,832 
227.065 

352,468 

182,297 

3,643,806 

1,088,426 

1,375,458 

2,543.320 
612,786 
345,416 
782,562 

1,501,531 

1.888,292 
619,274 
140,244 
475,710 

3,425,195 

$20,168,952 


Value  of  imports  showing  principal  countries  of  origin  in  1917  and  1918: 


Countries 


1917 


1918 


Countries 


1917 


1918 


United  States. . . 

Porto  Rico 

Cuba 

United  Kingdom 

France 

Italy 

Spain 

Netherlands .... 

Denmark 

Belgium    

Switzerland 

Virgin  Islands.. . 
Haiti 


$14,320,351 

1,817,836 

50,173 

60.3,111 

190,580 

95,329 

193,870 

9,571 

72,016 

168 

19,121 

3,629 

960 


$17,037,041 

1,790,409 

121,773 

529,351 

99.084 

34,716 

48,795 

2,059 

24,126 

4,617 

5,472 
4,041 


Other  British  West  Indies 

Ecuador 

Dutch  West  Indies.  .  .  . 

Mexico 

Jamaica 

Sweden 

Venezuela 

Canada 

French  West  Indies 

Japan 

China 


Total. 


$1,867 
"  8,i4i 


564 
6.593 


13 

6,059 
112 


$17,400,064 


$7,734 

1.121 

8.886 

9,500 

1,697 

3,171 

2.370 

164 

20 

2 

3 


$19,736,152 


Principal  articles  of  export  during  1917  and  1918: 


Articles 

1917 

1918 

Countries 

1917 

1918 

Animals,  cattle 

Beeswax 

$37,870 
180,183 
4,845,275 
228,371 
32,164 
189,942 
292,068 
236,408 

$59,180 

103,137 
3,917,012 

536,573 
51,410 
85.587 
83,509 

584,779 

Molasses 

$157,563 

13,386,463 

349,216 

1,658,521 

104,660 

745,876 

$22,444,580 

$142,356 

Cacao,  crude 

Coffee 

Sugar,  raw 

Sugar  cane 

11,991,399 
513,402 

Cotton,  raw.  .......... 

Tobacco  leaf 

Woods 

3.623,780 
35,458 

vjuaioKins 

Hides  of  cattle . 

All  other  articles 

588,932 

Honey 

$22,372,344 

76 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


DOMINICAN  REPUBLIC 


77 


Value  of  exports  and  principal  countries  of  destination  during  1917  and  1918: 


Countries 


1917 


1918 


Countries 


1917 


1918 


United  States 

Porto  Rico 

Cuba 

United  Kingdom 

France 

Italy 

Spain 

Canada 

Virgin  Islands 

Haiti 

Other  British  West  Indies 
Dutch  West  Indies 


$17,946,787 

713.898 

38,363 

206.424 

293.690 

9,684 

207,927 

2.562.356 

25,063 

162,125 

4,458 

23.144 


$18,170,291 

1,226,134 

132,074 

412.781 

681,880 

5,153 

793,400 

595.560 

22,800 

165,628 

4,701 

74,638 


Gibraltar 

French  Africa 

Jamaica 

French  West  Indies. 

Argentina 

Japan 

Netherlands 

Denmark 

Canary  Islands 


Total . 


$15,000 
2,370 
1,613 

41.877 


164,400 
14,190 
11.120 

$22,444,580 


$18,000 

10.000 

31.231 

23.239 

2.579 

2.255 


$22,372,344 


Production  and  Industry 

Agriculture  is  the  principal  industry.  Tobacco  is  cultivated  in  the  northern  part  of 
the  republic,  and  the  entire  crop  was  formerly  bought  by  Germany.  Cacao  is  grown  in 
the  eastern  section,  and  with  sugar,  forms  the  principal  export.  Cotton  and  coflfee  are 
extensively  cultivated;  cocoanuts,  bananas,  and  various  hardwoods  are  exported. 

The  following  table  shows  the  value  and  geographical  distribution  of  the  principal  crops 
in  1915  and  1916: 


Cacao 

Coffee 

Sugar 

Tobacco  leaf 

Ports 

1915 

1916 

1915 

1916 

1915 

1916 

1915 

1916 

Axua 

$37,479 
9,178 

$21,576 
12,924 

$284,051 

$545,279 

Barahona 

$1,108 
2.575 
2,356 

Comedador 

$20,704 
14,380 

Dajabon 

279 

La  Romana 

$260,889 

$112,654 

163 

11 

1.022 

7,233 

145,357 

Las  Lajas 

Macoria 

Monte  Cristi 

234.016 
1,756 
924,113 
208.876 
2.964,642 
269,462 

279,000 

3,302 
99,378 

6,071,120 
95 

9,616,024 

660 

15,490 

649,900 

122 

86,955 

853,704 

Puerto  Plata 

916.950 

187,735 

4,249,970 

212,360 

3,421 

Samana 

Sanchex 

47.146 
210,842 

13,564 
166,083 

271,652 
110 

478,077 
8,526 

Santo  Domingo. . . 

1.315,838 

1,863,673 

Totals 

$4,863,754 

$5,958,669 

$458,431 

$316,827 

$7,671,383 

$12,028,297 

$972,896 

$1,433,423 

The  repubUc  has  mineral  resources  of  some  importance,  comprising  copper,  silver,  iron, 
lignite,  salt  and  petroleum;  of  these  copper  only  is  worked  at  one  mine.  Manufacturing 
is  of  little  importance. 

Money,  Banks,  Weights  and  Measures: 

The  gold  standard  has  become  the  theoretical  basis  of  the  monetary  system,  the  theo- 
retical unit  being  the  gold  peso,  equivalent  in  value  to  the  United  States  dollar.  No  gold 
coins  have  been  struck,  and  the  metalUc  currency  of  the  United  States  is  legal  tender  at 
par.    The  paper  peso  is  worth  approximately  $0.20  United  States  currency. 

The  foreign  debt  in  1918  amounted  to  $13,686,000.  Revenues  in  1918,  $3,163,000; 
expenditures,  $2,953,000. 

The  principal  banks  are  The  International  Banking  Corporation,  which  has  branches  at 
Santo  Domingo  and  Puerto  Plata,  and  which  is  the  depositary  of  the  receiver  of  customs; 


the  Royal  Bank  of  Canada,  with  branches  at  Santo  Domingo,  San  Pedro  Macoris,  Santi- 
ago, Sanchez  and  Puerto  Plata,  and  the  National  Bank  of  Santo  Domingo. 

The  metric  system  is  legally  in  force,  but  the  American  system  is  usual  also. 
Railways: 

There  are  153  miles  of  public  railway  and  some  250  miles  of  private  railroad  on  the  large 
estates. 

Post  ofSces,  Telephones  and  Telegraph: 

There  are  87  post  offices,  60  telephone  and  telegraph  offices,  1,175  miles  of  telephone 
wire,  and  690  telephones  in  the  larger  cities;  352  miles  of  telegraph  Une.  Submarine 
cables  connect  Puerto  Plata  with  New  York  and  Porto  Rico,  and  Santo  Domingo  with  Porto 
Rico  and  Curasao.  There  are  two  small  wireless  stations  at  Santo  Domingo  and  La 
Romana  with  a  radio  to  Porto  Rico,  and  a  smaller  one  at  San  Pedro  de  Macoris.  The 
military  government  has  erected  its  own  stations. 
Diplomatic  and  Consular  Representatives: 

The  Dominican  Republic  has  a  minister  in  Washington,  consuls  general  in  New  York 
and  San  Juan  (P.  R.),  Consuls  in  Boston,  Philadelphia,  Mayaguez  and  Ponce  (P.  R.),  vice 
consuls  in  Mobile,  Chicago,  Baltimore,  Kansas  City,  Wihnington,  Norfolk,  AquadiUa, 
Guamca  and  Ponce  (P.  R.),  honorary  consul  in  San  Francisco  and  honorary  vice  consuls 
in  Galveston,  Arecibo,  Guanica  and  San  Juan  (P.  R.). 

The  Um'ted  States  has  a  minister  in  Santo  Domingo,  consul  at  Puerto  Plata,  vice  con- 
suls at  Santo  Domingo  and  Puerto  Plata  and  consular  agents  at  Monte  Cristi,  Samand, 
banchez,  Azua,  La  Romana,  and  San  Pedro  de  Macoris. 
Language:  Spanish. 
Shipping  Routes: 

Clyde  Line. 

Bull  Insular  Line. 
Customs  Tariff: 

The  customs  tariflF  of  the  Dominican  RepubUc  imposes  specific  duties,  usually  on  the 
oasis  of  weight,  although  some  articles  are  subject  to  ad  valorem  duties.  There  are  surtaxes 
ranging  from  50  to  150  per  cent,  on  certain  classes  of  goods. 

Advertising  matter  without  commercial  value  is  admitted  free. 
Consular  Regulations: 

Consular  invoice  in  Spanish  and  in  quadruphcate  is  required.  Four  copies  of  bill  of 
o!?f!ffI?"^.  be  certified.  Consular  invoices  are  $0.15  per  set;  charge  for  certification  are 
collected  at  port  of  entry.    Shipments  cannot  be  consigned  "to  order." 

Cable  Rate:  Thirty  cents  a  word  from  New  York  and  New  England  States. 
:  r'ostal  Rate : 

lUnin^l^"^'  ^°il^  ^*^*^  ^^**®^  '**®  ^^  ^^-^  P«f  ^^^^'e  or  fraction  thereof.    Postal 
[  union  rates  on  other  matter. 

^Mail  Tune:  Seven  days  to  Santo  Domingo  City. 

Lrf  .^""'V  ^"^"^   ^''^''^   *"*   Dominican    Republic.    Prohibitions:   Coin,    precious 
metals,  jewels,  etc.,  daggere,  firearms. 

[International  Reply  Coupons:  Not  issued. 
loney  Orders:  Not  issued. 


f 


i 


i 


78 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


GUADELOUPE  AND  DEPENDENCIES 

Two  islands  of  the  French  West  Indies  separated  by  a  narrow  channel  (River  Sales, 
4  miles  long),  and  lying  between  the  islands  of  Montsorrat  and  Dominica,  and  79  miles  north 
of  Martinique,  which  with  5  smaller  islands,  constitute  a  French  dependency.  The  two 
islands  of  Guadeloupe  are  Grande  Terre,  the  northwestern  portion,  (area  255  square  miles) 
Basse  Terre,  the  southwestern  portion  (area  364  square  miles).  Its  dependencies  are  the 
smaller  islands  of  Marie  Galante,  Les  Saintes,  D^sirade,  St.  Barthdlemy,  and  the  northern 
half  of  St.  Martin,  the  southern  half  being  under  Dutch  control,  with  a  total  area  of  688 
square  miles.  Population  (1912)  212,430,  of  whom  approximately  75  per  cent,  are  Negroes. 
Chief  cities:  Basse  Terre,  (capital),  with  8,656  inhabitants,  and  Pointe-^-Pitre 
with  22,664  inhabitants,  in  Grande  Terre.     The  language  of  the  educated  classes  is  French; 

the  laborers  speak  a  patois. 

Commerce 

The  United  States  statistics  of  foreign  commerce  classify  trade  with  Guadeloupe  under 
the  general  heading  of  trade  with  the  French  West  Indies.  Trade  of  the  United  States 
with  the  French  West  Indies  for  a  series  of  years  ending  June: 


Imports 

Exports 

1917 

1918 

1919 

1917 

1918 

1919 

$104,953 

$122,960 

$61,128 

$5,520,335 

$6,381,127 

$7,614,692 

The  total  trade  of  Guadeloupe  in  1917  amounted  to  $17,000,000. 
Imports  during  1916  and  1917: 


Countries 

1916 

1917 

Countries 

1916              1917 

FYftnce               

$1,717,682 
44,069 
67.083 

$1,964,045 

157,498 

8.405 

British  colonies 

$265,075 

2.426.055 

296.392 

$643,453 

French  colonies 

United  States 

All  other 

4,343.822 

Enirland 

508.439 

Total 

$4,816,356 

$7,625,662 

Quantity  and  value  of  the  principal  exports  during  1916  and  1917: 

Articles 

Quantity 

Value 

Quantity 

Value 

1916 

1916 

1917 

1917 

Cocoa 

. . .  .pounds.. 

1,583,258 

$447,843 

2.3.36.700 

$499,554 

Coffee 

. . .  .pounds. . 

1.921,416 

534,273 

1.110.625 

271,713 

Sugar  and  molasses: 

Molasses 

Kftls 

183.382 

43.825 

160.098 

35,090 

Rum 

gals 

3,278.442 

2.321.883 

3.342.690 

4,875, 135 

Sugar 

.  . . .  tons .... 

37.592 

4.499.873 

34.028 

3,650,927 

Vanilla  and  vanillin 

. . .  .pounds. . 

69,401 

6«,382 

41.985 

67,824 

All  nt.Vi^r  ftrtinles 

229.600 
$8,145,679 

64,307 

Total                    

$9,454,560 

Total  imports  and  exports  for  five  years,  1912  to  1916: 


Imports 


1912 
1913 
1914 


$3,768,000 
3.893,000 
2,713.000 


Exports 


Imports 


Exports 


$5,034,000 
3.529.000 
4,667,000 


1915. 
1916. 


$3,784,000 
4,649,000 


$5,155,000 
8,214,000 


GUADELOUPE 


79 


The  last  detailed  report  of  the  imports  and  exports  of  the  colony  is  for  the  pre-war 
year  1913: 


Articles 


Imports 


Exports 


Articles 


Imports 


Exports 


Animal  products: 

Live  animals 

Animal  products 

Raw    material    for    medi- 
cines, perfumes,  etc 

Miscellaneous 

Total  animal  products  .  . 

Vegetable  products: 

Flour 

Fniits  and  grains 

Colonial  products 

Oils  and  vegetables 

Medicines 

Wood 

Cordage,  yam,  etc 

Dyea  and  tannin 

Miscellaneous 

Beverages 

Total  vegetable  products 


$9,785 
258.416 

221.358 
1.048 


$490,607 


746,583 

21.234 

476,775 

179,537 

1.107 

106,115 

7,879 

25 

26,520 

213,333 


$  321 

25,429 

7,625 
1.925 


$1,779,108 


$35,300 


33,650 

34,196 

2.461,250 

13.387 

2,053 

3,412 

6,619 

4,712 

2,105 

806.187 


$3,367,571 


Mineral  products: 

Marble,     stones,     earthen 

ware,  etc 

Metals 

Manufactured  articles: 

Chemical  products 

Prepared  dyes 

Paints 

Miscellaneous 

Pottery 

Glassware 

Thread  (yarn) 

Cloth 

Paper 

Hides  and  skins 

Metal  goods 

Arms,  powder,  etc 

Furniture 

Woodenware 

Musical  instruments 

Esparto  and  wickerware. . . 
Miscellaneous 

Total  mineral  and  mfg'd 
products 

Grand  Total 


$115,250 
135,896 

142.714 
987 
12,344 
81,680 
27.710 
20,892 
37,271 

342,524 
23.299 
38.551 

221,792 

2.885 

16.657 

136.115 

7.752 

17,941 

241,763 


$1,372,877 


$3,893,738 


$         44 

22.929 

4.209 

183 

1.558 

7,860 

1.216 

238 

635 

26.425 

1.128 

1,078 

26,038 


1.593 
5,436 
2.385 
1,389 
22.248 


$    103.616 


$3,529,463 


Banks  and  Money: 

There  are  two  banks  in  Guadeloupe;  the  Banque  du  Commerce  and  the  Banque  de  la 
Guadeloupe,  the  latter  being  a  semi-official  institution.    Currency  is  as  in  France. 
Weights  and  Measures:  The  metric  system  prevails. 


HAITI 

A  Negro  repubhc  occupying  the  western  part,  and  about  one-third  of  the  area  of  the 
island  of  Santo  Domingo  or  Haiti.  The  area  of  the  repubhc  is  approximately  equivalent 
to  that  of  the  combined  areas  of  New  Jersey  and  Delaware. 

In  1915  the  government  of  Haiti  ratified  a  treaty  with  the  United  States  which  vir- 
tually established  an  American  protectorate  in  Haiti.  It  has  since  had  a  garrison  of 
United  States  marines.  Since  this  protectorate  was  estabhshed,  the  trade  and  commerce 
of  the  republic  have  greatly  increased. 

The  chmate  is  tropical,  and  there  are  two  seasons,  the  rainy  from  April  to  October, 
j  and  the  dry  from  October  to  April. 

The  principal  products  of  Haiti  are  coffee  and  cacao. 

Of  the  total  imports  of  Haiti  in  1918  the  United  States  supplied*85  per  cent,  and  took 
i!f^^^"*•  ^^  *^®  ^^^^  exports.  The  per  capita  foreign  trade  of  Haiti  was  estimated  at 
•w;  imports  at  $4.20,  exports  at  $4.40. 


I 


: 


80 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Commerce 
The  total  foreign  commerce  for  the  year  1917  amounted  to  about  $24,000,000;  exports 
amounted  to  about  $13,000,000;  imports  to  $11,000,000.     No  official  statistics  of  foreign 
trade  have  been  published  since  1913.    The  following  statistics  are,  however,  approximately 
correct;  1918,  imports,  $10,500,100;  exports,  $11,000,000;  total,  $21,500,000. 

No  figures  are  available  for  total  imports  by  countries  and  articles.     FoUowing  are 
some  of  the  pnncipal  exports  from  the  United  States: 


Articles 


1913 


1914 


1915 


1916 


1917 


Building  material  : 

Cement bbls. . 

Lumber ft 

Drugs,  etc.: 
Bicarbonate  of 

soda lbs.. 

Potash *• 

Soap •• 

Drygoods: 

Cotton  cloth: 

Bleached yds . 

Unbleached " 

Denim " 

Drills " 

Ginghams " 

Nankinette " 

Zephyrs " 

Glass  Tumblers ....  do» . 

Hardware,  metals,  etc.: 
Cooking  utensiN.  .lbs. . 

Iron: 

Bars " 

Pipes •• 

Sheets " 

Nails,  cast " 

Copper " 

Wire,  bottling " 

Provisions: 

Bacon " 

Biscuits " 

Butter 

Candy " 

Cheese. . " 

Codfish 

Flour bbls. 

Hams lbs.. 

Herring,  smoked,  bxs. , 
Herring,  pickled  .bbls. 

Lard lbs.. 

Macaroni " 

Rice •* 

Onions " 

Pork,  salted bbls.. 

Potatoes " 

Salt,  table lbs. 

Sugar " 

Beef,  salted bbls. . 

Mackerel,  salted..     *' 

Wheat " 

Tobacco  leaf lbs. . . 

Bags,  paper no . . . 

Rope — manila.. .  .lbs. . . 

Oakum " 

Kerosene gals. . 

Paints,  in  tins lbs. . . 

Paints gals.. 

Ochre,  yellow. .  .  .lbs. , . 
Sail  cloth yds.  . 


21.954 
4,767,016 


9,154 

3,396 

8.069,723 


549,540 

2.873,249 

1,027,333 

875,050 

97,115 

2,270.697 

125,844 

14.284 

417,678 

293.029 


417,468 

85,516 

360,000 

3,476 

47,497 

591,952 

46,968 

42,392 

2.988,263 

190,002 

150,855 

186,255 

23,615 

4.402.779 

59.211 

® 

79,401 

9,128 

1.408 

® 

8,648.147 

2,499 

1,752 

661,756 

1,089,788 

54,906 

52,558 

29,117 

928,093 

71,284 

5,393 

45,465 

® 


15,650 
3,527,049 


5,968 

4,088 

6,145,520 


544,160 

287,300 

1.445,571 

730,978 

13,500 

4.2.56,300 

40.276 

7.449 

3.207 

273,565 

® 
® 
246.085 
76,400 

® 

1.264 

39.297 

414,733 

20,909 

19,490 

1.447.253 

137.538 

626,235 

156,264 

1,006 

1,183,606 

58,070 

® 

37,106 

6,802 

902 

4.895 

790.794 

1.228 

857 

124.300 

890,512 

1.070.900 

32.300 

31.456 

87.565 

32.630 

41.314 

® 

32.330 


©10.455 
1.257,585 


19.527 

1,330 

5,383,135 


840,380 

12.700 

1.800.750 

900,376 

190,700 

6,000,210 

46.000 

3.145 

2.294 

542.895 
33,461 
19,437 
235.746 
159.288 
444.000 

1,303 
43.656 
441.213 
35.698 
39.234 
395.277 
®146,402 
56,731 
58,031 
12,166 
3,188.086 
69.289 
1,773.252 
40,602 
2,917 
1.096 
5,338 
978,625 
761 
419 
® 
506.257 
638.000 
42.897 
25,332 
330.379 
38.792 
4.458 
18,150 
31,683 


®39.526 
2,454,622 


87,914 
® 
6.879.136 


2.108.574 
9.357.321 
2.516,721 
2.094.726 
1.879,046 
6.707,967 

® 

9.343 

2.382 

864.304 
115.111 

® 
381.846 
245,500 
160.000 

2.365 

71.559 

477,814 

56.864 

67.560 

1.400,218 

®205,986 

108.334 

121.122 

24.151 

4,101.308 

91.807 

2.521.771 

42.989 

6.144 

1.514 

5.210 

908.736 

1.390 

604 

® 

43,685 

2,509,000 

® 

® 

701,161 

122,962 

1,300 

51,219 

82,789 


36.922 
3,061.352 


0,529,998 


266,758 

4.570.891 

920,169 

®  1.390. 126 

®658,436 

2,076,086 

33.935 

10.700 

® 

211.066 
186.082 

® 
317.166 

116.000 

®2.284 

21.650 

375.702 

43.154 

1.144.748 

1.736.133 

® 

74.873 
82.393 
17,004 
2,236,237 
79,071 
915,780 

® 
2,410 

® 

6.606 
269.988 


1,108.109 

® 

18.931 

32.758 

797.014 

344,524 

48.072 

® 


Note:  ®  Bags.         ®  Pieces.         ®  Barrels.         ®  Bags  of  196  lbs.  each.         ®  Not  reported. 


HAITI 


81 


The  value  of  the  total  foreign  trade  of  the  United  States  with  Haiti  for  11  years: 


1909 
1910 
1911 
1912 
1913 
1914 

iyi5 

1916 
1917 
1918 
1919 


$3,857,042 
4.381.513 
5,226.640 
7.042.772 
6.426,873 
5,431,712 
3.080.735 
6,288,016 
7,216,734 
8,196.863 


$80,317 

116.936 

132,121 

229.227 

213.282 

108.993 

103.883 

2.54.963 

153.062 

163,059 


$3,937,359 
4.498,449 
5.358.7G1 
7,271.999 
6,640.265 
5,540,705 
3,184.618 
6.542,979 
7.370,390 
8.359.922 

12.152.876 


$522,416 

786.568 

785.246 

794,181 

872.139 

686.511 

1,538.183 

2,555.390 

4.002.825 

4,375,201 


$3,531 

4,011 

28.467 

5.997 

2.592 

5,296 

4,053 

4,950 

231,706 

440,343 


$525,947 
790,579 
813,713 
800,178 
874.731 
691.807 
1,542,830 
2,560.340 
4.234.531 
4,815.544 
9,496,937 


99.33 

99.49 

96.50 

99.25 

99.70 

99.23 

99.70 

99.60 

94.53 

90.86 


Excess  of 
exports  (+) 

or 
imports  (-) 


^$3,411,412 


3,707.870 
•  4.545,041 
■  6.471.828 
5.765.534 
4.848.898 
1,641.782 
3,982.639 
3,135,865 
3,544.378 
2,655.949 


JP^Porta  by  countries  for  5  years: 


United  States... 
United  Kingdom 

France 

Germany. ...'.'.' 
Other  countries 


$5,908,956 
595,319 
817,335 
635,543 
242,972 


$6,381,688 
409,811 
345,190 
338,004 
138,099 

$7,612,792 


$3,806,673 

296.228 

167.779 

20.509 

63,574 

$4,344,763 


$8,775,064 
719,959 
407.336 

349.64i 

$10,312,000 


$8,500,000 
700,000 
500.000 

1,300.666 

$11,000,000 


Estimated  exports  by  principal  countries: 


United  States... 
r  ranee. 

United  ki^dom 
Germany 


$1,000,000 

6.000,000 

800.000 

4.200,000 


$1,171,649 
3.500.000 
1,000,000 
3.000.000 


$1,494,927 

5,000,000 

1,000,000 

100,000 


$3,744,510 
4,000.000 
1,100,000 


$3,542,167 
4,2000,00 
1.000,000 


^OTis  of  the  four  products  of  Haiti  for  10  years: 


Years 


Coffee 


Cacao 


1908 

1909 

1910 

1911 

1912 

1913" 

1914  ' 

191.5  ■ 

1916  ■ 

1917" 


Cotton 


Campeachy 

logs  and 

roots 


Pounds 
60,649,613 
39.1.36.535 
77.417.662 
51.795.619 
79.276,555 
57,593,830 
81,484,525 
36,260,085 
45,062.354 
47,423,101 


Pounds 
5,918,968 
4,433.282 
4,152,660 
3,2as,350 
6,905,338 
3,919.120 
6.629,844 
4,200.406 
3,395,554 
4,896.076 


Pounds 
3,002.440 
3,527,359 
3.778,118 
4,198,227 
4,338,837 
4,287.722 
3.492,458 
2,492,982 
2,890,870 
8.381,786 


.  Pounds 

109,237,870 

88.408.031 

96,61.639 
75.197.092 
94.870,193 
97.198,150 
72,080.450 
49.832.611 
231.258.891 
56,759,328 


i\ 


! 


1 


82 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Production  and  Industry 

The  industries  of  Haiti  are  chiefly  agricultural.  The  principal  crops  are  coffee,  cacao, 
the  annual  output  of  which  is  estimated  at  approximately  6,000,000  pounds;  cotton,  to- 
bacco and  sugar.  There  are  several  sugar  refineries,  and  rum  and  other  spirits  are  distilled 
for  local  consumption. 

Dyewoods,  chiefly  campech^  and  fustic,  are  abundant  and  exported.  Mineral  resources 
comprising  gold,  silver,  copper,  iron,  antimony,  tin,  coal,  sulphur,  kaohn,  nickel,  gypsum 
and  limestone,  are  as  yet  undeveloped.  Manufactiu-ing  is  Umited,  shoes  being  the  principal 
article  produced. 

Money  and  Banks: 

The  gold  standard  is  theoretically  established,  having  as  its  unit  the  gourde,  with  a  value 
of  $0,965.  No  gold  coin  has  ever  been  issued;  the  paper  currency  is  not  convertible,  and 
the  average  value  of  the  paper  gourde  is  about  $0.20.  There  is  a  subsidiary  coinage  of 
nickle  50,  20,  10  and  5  centime  pieces,  and  bronze  3,  2  and  1  centime  pieces.  Customs 
duties,  which  constitute  the  principal  source  of  national  revenue,  are  now  payable  in  United 
States  gold.  The  Banque  National  de  la  Republique  de  Haiti,  established  in  1910  and  since 
1916  controlled  by  the  National  City  Bank  of  New  York,  is  the  only  bank  in  the  republic . 

Weights  and  Measures :  The  metric  system  of  weights  and  measures  prevails. 

Railways,  Telegraphs  and  Post  Offices: 

There  are  163  miles  of  railway  in  operation,  55  being  controlled  by  the  Central  R.  R.  of 
Haiti;  108  by  the  National  R.  R.  of  Haiti,  which  is  constructing  a  system  having  a  projected 
total  mileage  of  321.    There  are  30  post  offices  and  about  124  miles  of  telegraph  line. 

Language:  French. 

Shipping  Routes: 

Royal  Dutch  West  India  Mail. 

Raporel  Line. 

Panama  Railroad  Steamship  Line. 

Customs  Tariff: 

There  are  some  1,500  articles  enumerated  in  the  Haitian  tariff,  most  of  which  are  sub- 
ject to  specific  duties,  on  the  basis  of  weight;  certain  articles  pay  ad  valorem  duties.  There 
is  a  small  free  list.  Cordage  and  beer  of  American  origin  pay  reduced  duties.  There  are, 
in  addition,  surtaxes  on  importation,  of  50,  33 3^^  and  25  per  cent. 

Consular  Regulations: 

Six  consular  invoices  in  either  English  or  French,  are  required.  Blanks,  per  set  of  6 
cost  $0.06.  Certification  costs  $1.00.  There  is  no  charge  for  certification  of  bills  of  lading, 
five  signed  copies  of  which  must  be  certified.  Packages  may  be  marked  with  either  stencil 
or  brush,  and  net  weight  in  pounds  as  well  as  name  or  initials  of  consignee  must  be  marked 
on  the  package. 

Consular  Representatives: 

United  States  consular  officials  are  stationed  at  Cape  Haitien  and  Port  au  Prince. 
Consular  officials  of  Haiti  are  stationed  at  San  Francisco,  Chicago,  New  Orleans,  Boston, 
New  York  City,  Chester  (Pa.),  Mayaguez  (P.  R.),  Ponce,  San  Juan  and  St.  Thomaa. 


HAITI 


83 


Cable  Rate: 

Cape  Haiti,  Port-au-Prince,  Mole  St.  Nicholas,  from  New  York  or  New  England, 
$0.80  per  word.    To  other  places  $1.30  per  word  from  New  York  and  New  England. 

Postal  Rates:  Post-al  Union  rates. 

Mail  Time:  To  Port-au-Prince  direct,  about  6  days. 

Parcel  Post:  Service  extends  to  Haiti,  limit  of  weight  11  pounds. 

Money  Orders:  Not  issued. 

International  Reply  Coupons:  Issued. 


JAMAICA 

The  largest  island  of  the  British  West  Indies,  lying  about  80  miles  south  of  Cuba.  Its 
area  is  approximately  equivalent  to  that  of  the  state  of  Connecticut. 

The  coast  lands  are  warm  and  humid,  but  the  climate  of  the  uplands  is  mild  and 
equable.    There  are  two  rainy  seasons,  lasting  about  three  weeks  each,  in  May  and  October. 

The  principal  industries  of  Jamaica  are  agriculture  and  fruit  growing,  the  chief  products 
being  bananas,  sugar,  cacao,  coffee  and  oranges. 

Area  and  Population 

Jamaica  has  a  length  of  144  miles;  its  greatest  width  is  49  miles,  and  its  total  area  is 
4,193  square  miles,  or  2,683,250  acres.  Of  this  amount  only  645  square  miles,  or  413,440 
acres  are  flat  land,  the  rest  being  hills  and  mountains,  and  in  large  part  uncultivatable.  In 
1911  the  island  had  a  total  population  of  831,383  (397,439  males  and  433,944  females)  of 
whom  15,605  were  white,  163,201  were  half  breeds,  630,181  were  negroes,  17,380  were 
West  Indians,  2,111  were  Chinese  and  3,623  were  unclassified.  Kingston,  the  capital,  is 
also  the  largest  city,  having  a  population  of  57,379.  Other  towns  are  Half  Way  Tree 
(pop.  23,322);  Spanish  Town  (7,119);  Montego  Bay  (6,616);  Port  Antonio  (7,074) ;  Savanna- 
la-Mar  (3,400);  Morant  Bay  (1,984);  Port  Maria  (3,833);  St.  Anna  Bay  (2,592);  Falmouth 
(2,288);  Lucea  (1,447);  Black  River  (1,262);  Mandeville  (1,198). 

Commerce 

Total  foreign  trade  of  the  United  States  with  Jamaica  for  nine  years: 


Year 
Ended 

Exports 

Imports 

Excess  of 
Exports  (♦) 

or 
Imports  (-) 

June 
30 

Dr>mestic 

Foreign 

Total 

Free 

Dutiable 

Total 

Per 
Cent. 
Free 

1911... 
1912... 

1913  .. 

1914  . . 
1915... 
1916. . . 
1917. . 
1918... 
1919... 

$4,340,827 
4,928,946 
5,242,742 
5,212,760 
4,489,746 
6,.356,158 
7.966,886 
7,628,361 

$38,758 

44,349 

44,477 

41,364 

74,957 

128,049 

107,888 

205,735 

$4,379,-585 
4,973,295 
5,287,219 
5,254,124 
4,564,703 
6,484,207 
8,074,774 
7.834,096 
7,579,635 

$6,006,682 
6,101,259 
5,151,358 
6,424,042 
5,237.547 
4,279,680 
3,528,972 
2,639,600 

$236,018 
224,047 
140,030 
277,871 
324,038 
487,345 
710,968 
643,376 

$6,242,700 
6,325,306 
5,291,388 
6,701,913 
5,561,585 
4.767.025 
4,239,940 
3,282,982 
3,377,210 

96.23 
96.46 
97.35 
95.86 
94.17 
89.78 
83.24 
80.40 

$-1,863,115 
-1,352,011 
-4,169 
-1,447.789 
-996,882 
♦1.717,182 
♦3,834,834 
♦4,551,114 
♦4,202,425 

} 


>5 


;  ] 


84                   EXPORTERS  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN 

MARKETS 

Value  of  imports  from  the  United  States,  United  Kingdom,  and  British  possessions, 
for  the  five-year  period  1912-1010: 

Article 

1912 

1913 

1914 

1916 

1916 

Food  stuffs: 

United  Kingdom 

British  Possessions 

United  States 

Other  countries 

Total  Foodstuffs.  .  .  . 
Liquors: 

United  Kingdom 

British  Possessions 

United  States 

Other  countries 

Total  Liquors 

Tobacco  and  Cigars: 

United  Kingdom 

British  Possessions 

United  States 

Other  coimtries 

Total  Tobacco 

Household  Furniture: 

United  Kingdom 

British  Possessions 

United  States 

Other  countries 

Total  Funuture 

Clothing: 

United  Kingdom 

British  Possessions 

United  States 

Other  countries 

Total  Clothing 

Hardware  and  Ironmon- 

United  Kingdom 

British  Possessions 

United  States 

Other  countries 

Total  Hardware 

Building  Materials: 

United  Eangdom 

British  Possessions 

United  States , 

Other  countries , 

Total    Building    Ma- 
terials  , 

Estates'    Machinery    and 

Supplies: 

United  Kingdom 

British  Possessions 

United  States 

Other  countries , 

Total  Estates'Machin 
cry  and  Supplies. 
Other  Machinery  andTools 

United  Kingdom 

British  Possessions 

United  States 

Other  countries 

Total    Machinery    and 

Tools 

Coal  and  Coke : 

United  Kingdom 

British  Possessions 

United  States 

Other  countries 

Total  Coal  and  Coke  . . 
Books  and  Printed  Matter 

United  Kingdom 

British  Possessions. . . . 

United  States 

Other  countries 

Total  Books 

Miscellaneous: 

United  Kingdom 

British  Possessions. . . . 

United  States 

Other  countries 

Total  Miscellaneous 


$703,713 

1,392,054 

2.669,301 

58,320 

4,823,388 

343,597 

1.098 

58,543 

77.298 

480,536 

36,104 
111 
19,308 
14,283 
69,806 

16,980 
3,538 

32,921 
3,406 

66.845 

2.145,194 

1,219 

885,292 

34.540 

3,066,245 


407,102 

2,289 

287,303 

30.875 

727,569 

293,184 

30,909 

597,187 

6.313 

927,593 


287.318 

14 

37,130 

4.116 

328,578 

27,118 

'  43,636 
2,405 

72,553 

2,298 

■2J88,i73 

296',47i 


62,057 

2.493 

12.208 

792 

77.650 

2.155,395 

179.270 

1.258,239 

310.923 

$3,903,827 


$794,274 

1.247.216 

2,751.532 

89.462 

4,882,484 

290,521 

1,414 

46,709 

66,985 

405.629 

41,723 

636 

24,081 

8,621 

76,061 

13,714 
1,769 

33,893 
1.788 

61.164 

1,472,103 

6,347 

788,141 

34,656 

2,301.247 


392.381 

1.628 

190.302 

27,162 

611,473 

365,987 

50,336 

606,440 

6.522 

929.284 


171.810 

31,356 
32,498 

235,664 

25,898 

520 

66,911 

1,633 

93,962 

1,691 

'  223,659 

24 

224,774 

47,890 

2,342 

10,716 

121 

61,069 

1,775,882 
184,208 

1,670.848 

297,114 

$3,918,062 


$662,884 

1,024,833 

2,141,019 

84,452 

3,913,188 

279,124 

1,244 

59,102 

44,770 

384,240 

50,121 

326 

14,196 

8,752 

73.394 

9,764 
1,360 

36,069 
748 

46,931 

1,297.348 

3.849 

904,761 

56,162 

2,262.120 


342.474 

3,698 

196,071 

15,061 

667,304 

209,801 

16,543 

420.025 

2.561 

648.930 


164.062 

"  '43,778 
7,353 

205,193 

67,474 

'  78,ii6 
2,206 

137,790 

1,190 

486,763 

4iB7,953 


45,806 

3,761 

8,653 

340 

58,469 

1,602,706 

219,885 

1,547,321 

244.103 

$3,614,016 


2,245 
495 

18,927 
447 

21,484 

1,131,310 
4,626 

1,355,162 
7.907 

2,499,005 


243.352 

1,117 

254,717 

801 

499,987 

91,562 

2,677 

276,966 

1,258 

372,463 


135,530 

"  5l',239 
68 

186,837 

10,677 

1,370 

86,660 

14 

97,621 

462 

'298,365 
'29i8',8i7 


34,583 

1,487 

5,691 

77 

41,738 

1,071,630 

89,122 

1,638,850 

148,405 

$2,948,007 


$777,838 

1,077.826 

2,009,087 

91.013 

3,955,764 

$929,197 

1,173,077 

3,110.006 

113.233 

6,325,513 

210,467 

835 

81,730 

13.034 

306.066 

291,580 

8,733 

99,790 

21.388 

421,491 

44,279 

38 

27,352 

1,982 

73,652 

38,685 

146 

44,998 

58 

83,886 

4,967 
442 

19,814 
111 

26,324 

1,381,396 
2.318 

1.524,353 
5,684 

2.913,651 


166,586 

14,896 

341,458 

1,375 

524.314 

39,166 

12.830 

628.680 

6.603 

686.270 


134,087 

1,224 

93,807 

1,759 

230,877 

18,740 

908 

132,430 

801 

152.879 

1,015 

*  453.277 

48 

454.340 

39,769 

1.492 

6,736 

48 

48.045 

1,871,663 

130,631 

2.310,293 

64,472 

$4,377,059 


JAMAICA 


85 


The  gain  of  the  United  States  in  Jamaica's  trade  is  shown  in  the  following  table  of 
imports  from  the  United  States  and  the  United  Kingdom  during  1916  and  1917: 


Articles 


From  United  States 


1916 


1917 


From  United  Kingdom 


1916 


1917 


J'rom  All  Countries 


1916 


Books  and  printed  matter .  . 

Building  material 

Clothing  and  boots 

Coal  and  coke 

Cotton  manufactures ...... 

Agricultural  machinery 

Foodstuffs 

Hardware  and  ironmongery 

Household  furniture 

Liquors 

Machinery  and  tools 

Oils 

Tobacco  and  cigars 

All  other  articles 

Total 


$6,745 

529,388 

1,526,392 

453,884 

937,390 

93,933 

3,114,166 

341,915 

19,840 

99,924 
132,607 
395,340 

45,059 
980,668 

$8,677,251 


$7,979 
502,539 

1,913.712 
852.041 

1,346,760 
128,959 

4,202,549 
414,149 
18,556 
127,745 
121,526 
580,865 
109,647 

1,008,879 

$11,335,904 


$39,822 

39.212 

1,383,244 

1,017 

1,000,976 

134,267 

930,441 

166,809 

4,964 

277,137 

18,765 

27,773 

38,737 

845,695 

$4,908,849 


$28,951 

48,636 

1,009,181 

1.012 

762.955 

122.319 

332.718 

93.918 

1.129 

136.919 

36,785 

18,021 

15,646 

655,457 

$3,163,648 


$48,125 
587,075 

2,915,033 
454,949 

1,939,227 
231,193 

5.332.647 
525.017 
25.363 
407.467 
153,095 
426,846 
84,010 

1,990,187 

$15,120,234 


1917 


$37,871 
370,091 

2,930,295 
853,054 

2,112,037 
260,781 

5.857.908 
527,631 
20,921 
295,728 
160,142 
643,517 
125.380 

1.980,607 

$16,175,963 


The  foreign  trade  of  Jamaica  was  distributed  as  follows  in  the  years  1916  and  1917: 


Countries 


Imports  From 


1916 


1917 


Exports  To 


1916 


1917 


United  Kingdom 

Canada 

Other  British  colonies 

United  States 

Denmark 

France 

Italy 

Netherlands 

Norway 

Panama 

St.  Thomas,  ^^^gin  Islands. 

Sl^etien 

All  other  countries 


Total. 


$4,908,849 

1.132,479 

186,844 

8,677,251 

26.567 

18,707 

2,336 

40,568 

67,065 

4,137 

24,284 

14,132 

17,015 

$15,120,234 


$3,163,648 

1,086,977 

487,997 

11,335.904 

4,828 

7,434 

13,640 

25.630 

1,337 

2,833 

15.765 

14,532 

16,438 

$16,175,963 


$5,964,971 

1,883,170 

247,042 

4,480,610 

*  '694,259 
130,197 

V9,753 
188,036 


121,496 
$13,729,534 


$6,412,113 

1,825,142 

348,967 

3,381,060 

"  627,214 
124.096 

458 

178,065 
1.357 

"I'ee'.ios 

$12,064,674 


Imports  and  exports  under  the  Board  of  Trade  headings  for  the  period  1913-1917: 


Articles 


Food,  drink,  and  tobacco 

Raw   materials    and   articles  'mainly  '  un- 
manufactured  

Articles  wholly  or  mai^'y  ma'nuf  aotiired .' .' '. 


Total. 


Food,  drink,  and  tobacco. . . 

frctHre?*^^  and  articles  mainly  iin'mknu- 
Articles  wholly 'or  mainly  manufactured: '. 
Total 


Imports 


1913 


1914 


1915 


1916 


1917 


$5,958,489 

692,861 
7,244,592 

$13,795,942 


$4,967,008 

1,369,740 
6,084,492 

$12,421,240 


$4,859,004 

686,582 
6,781,835 

$11,327,421 


$6,047,132 

1.546,768 
7,258,305 

$14,852,205 


$6,925,944 

2.035,267 
7,082.071 

$16,043,282 


Exports 


8,985,980 

898.090 
1.053.981 

$10,938,051 


11,790,303 

935,282 
1.044,380 

$13,769,965 


8,373,082 

1,204.882 
1,255.834 

$10,833,798 


8.901.843 

2,540.237 
2,194.309 

$13,636,389 


8.406.051 

1,463,215 
2.157.582 

$12,026,848 


€ 


1 1 
i  i 


11 


86 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


JAMAICA 


87 


Proportionate  distribution  of  imports  and  exi)orts  from  1914  to  1916: 


Imports 

EXPOKTS 

Country 

1914 

1915 

1916 

1914 

1915 

« 
1916 

United  Kinsdom    

38.4% 

47.6% 

8.2% 

5.8% 

33.2% 

54.6% 

9.0% 

3.8% 

32.4% 

57.4% 

7.5% 

2.7% 

18.2% 

60.9% 

7.2% 

13.7% 

38.1% 

46.8% 

7.5% 

7.6% 

43.4% 

United  States   

32.7% 

C!AnA.dai              

13.77o 

Other  countries 

10.2% 

Principal  exports  in  1916  and  1917: 


To  United  States 

To  Unitee 

>  Kingdom 

To  All  Countries 

Articles 

1916 

1917 

1916 

1917 

1916 

1917 

O&cfto    • 

$262,080 

'  '6'7'7',972 

307,845 

1,223.541 

1,051,397 

750,925 

60,757 

13,427 

8,122 

3,142 

131,402 

$4,480,610 

$137,371 

'  ■5'6'7'.264 
218,068 
442,597 
92U,302 
832,371 

■  i^'i'ess 

10,984 

77,859 

905 

42,656 

$3,381,000 

$472,629 

'  "I'l's.ssi 

129,337 

370,438 

11H,523 

1,832.690 

■  ■l'4'7'.747 

1,641,339 

1,067.326 

31.588 

39.473 

$5,964,971 

$304,013 

'97.943 

96,955 

151,270 

240.249 

1.914,685 

'  'l"8'6',567 
176,692 

2,128,807 
47,453 
67,474 

$5,412,113 

$314,340 

31,769 

873,001 

706,177 

1.983,614 

1,227,243 

3,161,308 

24,970 

213.187 

1,762,106 

2,447,217 

252,255 

232,347 

$13,729,534 

$573,531 

Cattle       

39,102 

dncoftniitfl         

721,965 

Coffe©        

569,264 

T^vpivooofl 

774.615 

Fruit              

1,211,899 

CinorAr   ptc          

3,565,310 

Horses           

1,061 

Pimento 

348,611 

Rum 

271,234 

Sugar       

3,426,259 

TnKpoft  And  nicrars    

319,889 

All  other  articles 

241.834 

Total   

$12,064,574 

Agricultural  exports  of  Jamaica  for  the  years  1915  to  1917: 


Products 


Year  ended  May  31 — 


1915 


1916 


1917 


Coffee hundredweight 

Cacao '        . 

Cocoanuts number 

Bananas stems 

Oranges number 

Grapefruit package-s 

Cotton pounds 

Honey ••••••  •gallons 

Ginger hundredweight 

Pimento "     ,, 

Rum gallons 

Dyewoods .ton.«i 

Dyewood  extract packages 

Sugar ^ouB 


72,415 

65,548 

30,129,432 

12.875.163 

14,002,200 

24,782 

44,692 

88.182 

8,819 

72,600 

767.774 

47.836 

24.988 

14.279 


67.261 

63.758 

25.039.961 

5,724.931 

25.187.560 

54.094 

34,986 

135.323 

18.081 

116,911 

1,557,449 

70,315 

30,913 

22,518 


64,103 

64,988 

27,373,243 

2,429,680 

11,551,677 

36,250 

65,281 

135,464 

19,688 

57,284 

1,216,868 

67,604 

26,285 

26,715 


Production  and  Industry 

Jamaica's  principal  source  of  wealth  is  her  agricultural  produce;  bananas,  sugar, 
cacao,  coffee,  cocoanuts,  pimento,  tobacco,  oranges,  ginger  and  annatto.  Privately  hekl 
acreage  amounts  to  2,126,411;  1,114,283  being  wood  and  "ruinate,"  and  1,013,025  under 
cultivation.  Of  the  latter,  739,917  acres  are  grazing  land  and  273,108  are  under  various 
crops,  as  follows:  31,727  acres  under  sugar,  11,088  acres  under  cacao,  18,175  acres  under 
coffee,  29,731  acres  under  cocoanuts,  881  acres  under  tobacco,  1,126  acres  under  oranges, 
89  acres  under  ginger  (231  in  1914),  1,243  acres  under  cassava. 

The  forest  lands  of  the  islands  produce  113  timbers,  46  of  which  are  suitable  for  cabinet 
work;  35  for  house  work  and  furniture;  for  general  purposes,  35  for  outside  and  40  for  inside 


work;  20  for  turnery;  17  for  carriage  and  wagon  work;  17  for  posts;  15  for  shingles;  12  for 
supplies;  9  for  railway  ties;  8  for  millwork;  8  for  coopering;  6  for  fuel.  Among  these  woods 
are  mahogany,  cedar,  mahoe,  sabinwood,  rosewood,  logwood  and  fustic.  There  are  but 
two  saw  mills  on  the  island;  the  wood  which  grows  on  small  tracts  on  the  hills  and  mountains, 
being  principally  sawed  by  hand. 

Manufacturing  is  not  extensive;  the  two  principal  industries  in  this  field  being  the  pro- 
duction of  Jamaica  rum,  said  to  be  the  finest  in  the  world,  by  approximately  80  stills;  the 
manufacture  of  "jippi-jappa"  ("Panama")  hats,  and  the  manufacture  of  banana  food 
products,  principally  dried  bananas  (banana  figs),  banana  flour  and  meal.  Other  industries 
are: 

Kingston:  1  match  factory;  1  ice;  5  aerated  water  and  soft  drink;  4  cigar  and  cigarette; 
1  biscuit  and  cracker,  and  1  leather  factory  and  tannery,  and  2  small  breweries. 

Port  Antonio:  1  ice  factory;  1  bottling  works  for  soft  drinks;  2  copra  factories;  2  cigar 
factories;  1  tannery. 

St.  Mary:  2  banana  flour  factories;  1  small  brewery. 

St.  Anns  Bay:  1  factory  for  extraction  of  essential  oils;  1  coffee  mill;  1  small  grist  mill. 

Trelawney:  1  starch  factory. 

Montego  Bay:  1  ice  factory;  1  aerated  water  botthng  works;  1  small  distillery. 

Savanna-la-Mar:  2  aerated  factories;  2  steam  bakeries. 

Georges  Plain:  1  rice  treating  plant;  1  hme  juice  factory. 

St.  Elizabeth:  1  dye  factory. 

Manchester:  1  aerated  water  factory. 

Trout  Hall:  1  banana  products  factory. 

Aenon  Town:  1  banana  products  factory. 

Spanish  Town:  1  dyewood  extract  factory. 

Linstead:  1  electrical  plant,  1  ice  factory. 

Railways: 

Jamaica  has  197^  miles  of  4-foot  8^inch  gauge,  operated  by  the  government.  There 
are  electric  fights  and  tram-fines  in  Kingston.  There  are  over  2,000  miles  of  main  road, 
and  adequate  telephone  and  telegraph  systems. 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures:  As  in  Great  Britain.     American  coins  are  current. 

Language:  Engfish. 

Local  Advertising  Media: 

One  of  the  daily  newspapers  published  in  Kingston  is  a  popular  advertising  medium, 
which  circulates  throughout  the  island.     There  are  also  two  weeklies,  published  in  Kingston. 

Shipping  Routes: 

United  Fruit  Company. 
Royal  Mail  Steam  Packet  Co. 

Customs  Tariff: 

The  customs  tariff  of  Jamaica  provides  specific  duties  for  most  articles  and  ad  valorem 
duties  on  a  few. 

Consular  Regulations: 

No  consular  documents  are  required  and  there  are  no  regulations  as  to  marks, 
weights,  etc. 

Cable  Rates:  From  New  York  or  New  England  states  $0.36  per  word. 

Postal  Rates:  Postal  Union  rates. 


i\ 


88 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Mail  Time:  To  Kingston  direct,  5  days. 
Parcel  Post: 

tService  extends  to  Jamaica  and  Cayman  Islands.     Limit  of  weight,  11  pounds.     Ilate 
12  cents  per  pound  or  fraction  thereof.    Each  parcel  must  be  accompanied  by  a  customs 
declaration,  describing  the  contents  and  giving  the  value  of  the  package. 

Money  Orders:  Issued  for  Jamaica  and  Ca>Tnan  Islands  on  domestic  form. 

International  Reply  Coupons:  Not  issued. 

Consular  Representatives:  United  States  has  a  consular  official  stationed  at  Kingston. 

ISLANDS 

The  population  of  Grand  Cayman,  Little  Cayman  and  Cayman  Brae  is  5,564;  2  322 
of  whom  are  white;  2,211  half  breed,  and  1,031  Negro.  The  industries  are  cocoanut  raising, 
turtle  raising,  etc.  Communications  are  irregular,  and  all  trade  is  handled  through  Jamaica! 
The  trade  of  the  islands  is  small,  and  emigration  has  been  steady.  The  Turks  and  Caicos 
Islands  are  geographically  a  part  of  the  Bahamas,  but  are  governed  as  a  dependency  of 
Jamaica.    Seat  of  the  government  is  at  Grand  Turk  (population  about  1,700). 

The  population  in  1911  was  5,615,  of  whom  286  were  white.  Principal  industry,  salt 
raking.  Total  imports  amount  to  about  $139,140,  and  are  flour,  meats  and  rice.  Total 
exports  amount  to  about  $135,108  and  are  salt,  sisal  and  sponges.  The  cable  station  is  at 
Grand  Turk. 

There  are  about  30  islands,  8  of  which  are  inhabited.  The  largest  is  Grand  Caicos  20 
miles  in  length,  6  in  width.  Currency,  weights  and  measures  as  in  Great  Britain.  Ameri- 
can currency  is  subject  to  a  discoimt  of  1^  per  cent. 


THE  LEEWARD  ISLANDS 

The  Leeward  Islands,  a  British  possession,  comprise  Antigua,  with  Barbuda  and 
Redonda,  Dominica,  St.  Kitts-Nevis,  Montserrat,  the  British  Virgin  Islands,  and  several 
islands  of  less  importance.  They  Ue  to  the  north  of  the  Windward  Islands  and  southeast 
of  Porto  Rico.  The  colony  is  divided  into  5  Presidencies:  St.  Kitts,  with  Nevis  and  An- 
guilla;  Antigua,  with  Barbuda  and  Redonda;  Montserrat,  the  Virgin  Islands  and  Dominica. 

Area  and  Population 

Area  and  population  according  to  census  of  1911: 


Islands 


Square  miles 


Males 


Females 


Total 


Antigua 

Barbuda  and  Redonda 

Virgin  Islands 

Dominica 

St.  Kitts 

Nevis 

Anguilla 

Montserrat 

Total 


108 
62 
58 

305 
65 
60 
36 
32 

716 


13.989 

2,613 
15,231 
10.969 
6,521 
1,662 
5,246 

55.130 


18,280 

2,949 
18,632 
15,314 
7.424 
2.513 
6.951 


72,063 


32,269 

5.566 
33,863 
26.283 
12,946 

4.075 
12.196 

127.193 


Commerce 
Total  foreign  trade  of  the  islands  1913-1918: 


1913-14 


1914-15 


1915-16 


1916-17 


1917-18 


Imports. 
Exports . 


$2,859,439 
2.740.860 


$3,029,290 
3,020,023 


$2,840,757 
3,249,989 


$3,114,907 
5.439,5.32 


$4,373,628 
5,308,960 


LEEWARD  ISLANDS 


89 


(1).  St.  Kitts  and  Dependencies: 

Temperature  ranges  from  75°  to  85°,  eastern  side  of  island  being  coolest.  Hurricanes 
are  likely  to  occur  in  March,  August  and  September.  Basseterre,  on  the  southwestern  side 
of  the  island,  has  about  10,000  inhabitants  and  is  the  only  business  place  of  any  importance 
and  the  main  trading  place  for  the  island  of  Nevis.  Most  of  the  houses  are  of  frame  con- 
struction; some  have  one  story  of  coral  rock  and  the  rest  frame.  There  are  few  stone 
houses.  The  town  has  ample  customs  and  warehouse  space,  2  piers,  170  and  200  feet  long. 
Ships  anchor  in  the  open  roadstead  and  lighters  are  used  in  landing  freight. 

Water  supply  is  piped  from  the  hills.  Population  is  largely  Negro  and  Negroid. 
The  island  is  strictly  agricultural,  the  principal  crop  being  sugar.  There  are  several 
modem  sugar  estates  and  2  "centrals"  financed  by  British  capital,  using  steam  tractors, 
many  miles  of  plantation  tram  Unes,  and  generally  modem  equipment. 

The  Colonial  Bank  and  The  Royal  Bank  of  Canada  have  branches  in  St.  Kitts.  The 
peculiarities  of  the  market  as  differentiated  from  other  West  Indian  islands  are  that  flour 
is  desired  in  sacks  rather  than  barrels,  and  other  goods  are  required  in  smaller  packages, 
adapted  to  a  population  unable  to  buy  large  quantities  at  a  time.  Flour,  corn  meal,  pota- 
toes, butter,  and  cheese,  condensed  milk,  biscuits,  plain  and  fancy,  canned  meats  and  fish 
(dry  salted,  smoked  and  canned,  such  as  salmon  and  cheap  sardines),  jams,  jellies,  apples, 
dried  fruit  and  cooking  oil  are  the  principal  foodstuffs  imported. 

In  textiles,  cotton  goods,  aside  from  sugar  bags  and  burlap  for  cotton  bales,  which  are 
principally  imported  from  Gre^t  Britain,  are  the  chief  item.  American  prints  and  colored 
cottons  are  the  favorites  as  well  as  sheetings,  drills  and  domestic;  in  the  finer  grades  of  white 
goods  the  English  product  is  considered  superior.  Shoes  were  coming  into  general  use 
before  the  advance  of  high  prices  consequent  upon  the  war;  sizes  generally  bought  are 
quite  large. 

The  purchasing  power  of  the  laboring  classes  is  small,  wages  being  not  over  $0.60  per 
day  for  men  and  $0.40  per  day  for  women.  Miscellaneous  hardware  is  in  demand,  but 
there  is  only  a  small  demand  for  ready-made  clothing. 

St.  Kitts  is  a  party  to  the  preferential  tariff  agreement  with  Canada. 

Ne\is  is  separated  from  St.  Kitts  by  a  strait  2  miles  vnde.  Population,  1911,  12,945. 
Charlestown,  the  chief  town,  has  a  population  of  1,500.  The  whole  trade  of  Nevis  is  carried 
on  with  Basseterre. 

Anguilla,  an  island  14  miles  long,  has  a  population  (1911)  of  3,890.  It  has  no  industries 
or  trade  of  any  importance,  and  is  reached  by  sailing  vessels  only. 

(2).    Antigua: 

Area,  108  square  miles.    Climate  dry  and  pleasant;  hurricanes  in  summer.     Popula- 
tion chiefly  Negro.     Principal  town,  St.  Joyn,  9,262  inhabitafits.     Principal  products, 
sugar,  molasses,  rum,  cotton  and  pineapples.     Neither  Barbuda'nor  Redonda,  which  islands 
are  attached  to  Antigua  for  administrative  purposes,  are  of  any  commercial  importance. 
(3).    Montserrat: 

Area,  33  square  miles.  Greatest  length  12  miles;  greatest  width  8  miles.  Principal 
products,  cotton,  (2,350  acres,  382,522  pounds  of  lint  in  1914);  sugar;  lime  juice,  (1,000 
acres  under  lime  trees,  average  output  156,736  gallons  1913-14;  236,362  gallons  1905-13); 
cotton  seed,  cattle  and  papain. 

(4).    Vu-gin  Islands: 

Include  islands  of  Tortola,  Virgin  Gorda,  Anegada,  Jost-Van-Dykes,  Peters  and  Salt. 
They  lie  east  of  Porto  Rico  and  close  to  Virgin  Islands  of  the  United  States.    Cotton  is  the 


kXF' 


90 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


MARTINIQUE 


91 


li 


!i|| 


staple  industry,  small  quantities  of  sugar,  cocoanuts  and  onions  are  also  produced.     The 
seat  of  the  administration  and  principal  town  is  Roadtown,  on  the  island  of  Tortola. 

(5).    Dominica: 

Greatest  length,  29  miles,  greatest  width,  13  miles.  Only  a  small  part  of  the  land  is 
cultivatable  because  of  the  rough  and  broken  surface.  It  is  well  timbered  and  well  watered, 
and  the  arable  land  is  fertile.  Principal  town,  Roseau.  Principal  products  are  limes  and 
lime  juice  and  oil;  also  some  cacao,  coffee  and  fruit. 

Warm  springs  abound  on  the  island  and  there  are  sulphur  deposits.  St.  Thomas 
exports  (to  the  United  States)  in  1916  amounted  to  66  tons,  valued  at  $5,339.  Lime  and 
hmestone  are  quarried  and  used  for  building  purposes.  A  total  of  29,037  bags  of  Ume 
valued  at  $7,090,  and  2,449  tons  of  hmestone,  valued  at  $1,489  were  exported  in  1916. 

In  addition  to  the  gas  and  electric  Ught  plants,  there  are  9  factories  in  the  colony  as 
follows:  2  cotton,  2  ice,  2  biscuit,  1  manure  and  chemical  plant,  1  tobacco  and  1  cigar  and 
tobacco  factories.  Much  of  the  revenue  of  the  island  is  derived  from  its  popularity  as  a 
resort  of  tourist  travel. 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures: 

Money,  weights  and  measures  as  in  Cireat  Britain.  In  St.  Kitts,  Canadian  and  Ameri- 
can bills  circulate,  and  accounts  are  frequently  kept  in  dollars. 

Language:  English. 

Shipping  Routes: 

Quebec  Steamship  Co. 
Raporel  Line. 

Customs  Tariff: 

Antigua,  St.  Kitts  and  Nevis,  Montserrat  and  Dominica  each  have  a  separate  tariff. 
In  each  case  the  duties  assessed  are  specific ;  on  weight  or  measure  and  not  on  value.  These 
islands  are  parties  to  British  and  Canadian  preference  agreements. 

Consular  Regulations: 

No  consular  documents  are  required  and  there  are  no  restrictions  as  to  marks, 
weights,  etc. 

Cable  Rates: 

From  New  York  or  New  England  states  to  Antigua,  $0.36;  St.  Kitts,  $0.36;  St. 
Thomas,  $0.50. 

Postal  Rates: 

United  States  domestic  letter  rates;  Postal  Union  rates  apply  to  other  classes  of  matter. 
Mail  Time:  Varies. 

Parcel  Posts: 

Service  extends  to  Leeward  Islands.  Limit  of  weight,  11  pounds.  Rate,  12  cents 
per  pound  or  fraction  thereof.  Prohibitions:  goods  bearing  any  name  or  trade-mark  of 
any  manufacturer,  dealer  or  trader  in  the  I^nit^d  Kingdom  or  any  British  possession, 
unless  such  name  or  trade-mark  is  accompanied  by  a  definite  indication  of  the  country  in 
which  the  goods  were  made  or  purchased. 

Money  Orders :  Issued  to  all  islands  on  domestic  forms. 

International  Reply  Coupons:  Issued  to  all  islands  with  the  exception  of  Antigua. 


MARTINIQUE 

An  island,  one  of  the  French  West  Indies,  lying  between  Dominica  and  Santa  Lucia, 
approximately  43  miles  long  and  20  miles  wide,  the  superficial  area  being  estimated  at  about 
380  square  miles  or  244,000  acres.  It  has  been  a  French  possession  since  1635,  and  its 
government  is  administered  by  a  governor  and  General  Council. 

The  island  is  of  volcanic  formation  and  has  had  severe  seismic  disturbances,  the  most 
violent  of  which  was  the  eruption  of  Mont  Pelee  on  May  8,  1902,  which  destroyed  the 
capital  city  of  St.  Pierre,  almost  all  the  25,792  inhabitants  perishing  in  the  disaster.  The 
total  population  of  the  island  (1916)  is  193,087. 

The  present  capital  and  principal  commercial  town  is  Fort  de  France  with  26,400  in- 
habitants. The  chief  products  are  sugar,  rum,  cocoa,  coffee,  tobacco  and  limes.  Manioc 
starch  is  manufactured  for  local  consumption.  There  are  45  sugar  works  and  100  rum 
distilleries.  Other  industrial  establishments  include  8  lemonade  factories,  1  pineapple 
cannery,  1  plant  for  the  manufacture  of  cocoa  powder  and  cocoa  butter,  1  cooperage  plant, 
1  pottery  factory,  11  gaseous  Avater  factories,  4  printing  presses  and  2  foundries.  The 
manufacture  of  charcoal,  universally  used  as  fuel,  has  deforested  the  island  almost 
completely. 

Commerce 

United  States  statistics  of  foreign  commerce  classify  trade  with  Martinique  under 
the  general  heading  of  trade  with  the  French  West  Indies.  For  statistics  of  United  States 
trade  with  the  French  West  Indies,  see  page  78. 

The  foreign  trade  of  Martinique  in  1917  showed  an  increase  of  more  than  100  per  cent, 
over  the  average  for  the  five  preceding  years.  France  takes  most  of  the  exports.  In  1917 
the  United  States  received  goods  from  the  island  valued  at  $14,127. 

The  sugar  exports  for  1917  were  20,881  metric  tons,  valued  at  $3,802,024,  while  in  1916 
they  were  34,444  tons  valued  at  $5,143,103.  In  spite  of  this  decrease  the  total  exports 
showed  an  increase  in  value  of  over  33  per  cent,  over  1916. 

Value  of  imports  from  various  countries  during  1916  and  1917: 


Countries  of  oriKin 


1916 


1917 


Countries  of  origin 


1916 


1917 


Argentina . 
Brazil , 


British  Empire: 

Great  Britain 

India 

Colonies 

Chile 

Dominioan  Republic. 

Dutch  Guiana 

F.cuador 

France 

French  Colonies . . 
Haiti.  .  . 
Italy 


$5,558 
5,100 

399,446 

36,808 

700,858 

139,188 


20,971 

4,342 

1,847,340 

162,950 

4,200 

456 


$10,047 
11.385 

597.664 

16.605 

1,460,945 

321,264 

38,579 

24,165 

6,199 

2,0.'>6,85S 

205,808 

1,576 

1,205 


Netherlands 

Panama 

Peru 

Porto  Rico 

St.  Croix 

St.  Martin 

Spain 

Sweden 

Switzerland 

St.  Thomas 

United  States \ 

Venezuela 

All  other 


Total . 


$930 
4.364 


79,193 


21,140 
1,628 
1,607 

11,817 

18,940 
2,966,884 

97,566 
2,517 


$6,533,803 


$2,226 
6.174 
1,158 

39,399 
6,677 

12,403 
1.301 


6,355 

6,940 

5,652,727 

411,728 

18,502 


$10,917,872 


The  United  States  supplies  the  island  with  most  of  its  foodstuffs,  salted  and  preserved 
meats,  provisions,  feedstuffs,  coal,  petroleum  products,  oils,  woods,  tobacco,   ament,  chemi- 
cai  products,  automobiles,  metals,  machines  and  machinery,  a  total  of  nearly  52  per  cent. 
I  of  all  imports. 

rnrH^^^^^^j^l'PP^^®^  "^^^*  °^  *^®  clothing  and  textile  fabrics,  manufactured  articles,  yarns, 
of  the^total  ®^'  ^^^  beverages.     France's  share  in  the  imports  is  about  20  per  cent. 


92 


f] 


EXPORTERS  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Quantity  and  value  of  the  principal  exports  during  1916  and  1917: 


Articles 


1916 


Metric  tons 


Value 


1917 


Metric  tons 


Value 


Cacao 

Lime  juice. 

Coffee 

Hides 

Pineapples. 
Pottery .  .  . 

Rum 

Semolina.  . 

Sugar 

Skins 

Vanilla. . .  . 


Total 

Re-exports. 


Grand  Total. 


385.94 

1.76 

3.60 

110.40 

69.25 

44.62 

♦6,175,933 

7.84 

34.443.50 

3.75 

.80 


$189,798 

289 

1,450 

28,500 

13,160 

3,153 

5,522.948 

1,500 

5,143,103 

1,136 

18,449 

$10,927,225 
843,812 

$11,771,037 


379.2 

10.1 

5.5 

176.8 

160.2 

10.9 

♦6,980,610 

9  3 

20,880.8 

4.5 


Gallons. 


$205,595 

1,438 

3,122 

41,827 

42,991 

1.786 

9,592,223 

3,287 

3.802,630 

2,572 

14.682 

$13,720,038 

1,988,673 

$15,708,711 


Money:  The  currency  is  the  same  as  in  France. 
Weights  and  Measures:  The  metric  system  prevails. 
Language:  French. 

Shipping  Route:  Raporel  Steamship  Line. 
Customs  Tariff: 

French  imports  are  free;  but  foreign  imports  pay  the  duties  of  the  French  tarifT. 
Consular  Regulations:  No  consular  documents  are  required. 
Cable  Rates:  From  New  York  or  New  England  states,  $0.95  per  word. 
Postal  Rates:  Postal  Union  rates. 
Mail  Time:  Nine  days. 

Parcel  Post:  Service  extends  to  Martinique.     Two  copies  of  customs  declaration  must  be 
attached  to  each  parcel. 
Money  Orders:  Not  issued. 
International  Reply  Coupons:  Issued. 


PORTO  RICO 


03 


PORTO  RICO 

The  most  easterly  and  the  fourth  largest  island  of  the  Greater  Antilles,  and  a  possession 
of  the  United  States,  lying  about  70  miles  east  of  Haiti  and  500  miles  southeast  of  Cuba. 
The  cUmate  of  Porto  Rico  is  tropical,  the  temperature  being  moderated  by  the  northeast 
trade  winds.  There  are  two  seasons,  the  rainy  from  June  to  November,  and  the  dry  from 
November  to  June. 

Agriculture  is  the  principal  industry,  and  sugar,  tobacco,  coffee  and  fruit  are  the 
principal  crops.  Over  400,000  tons  of  sugar  are  annually  produced.  Grape  fruit  is  the  most 
important  single  fruit  crop,  but  other  citrus  fruits  as  well  as  pineapples  and  cocoanuts  are 
Ukewise  raised.  Cotton  growing  is  being  developed.  Manufacturing  is  relatively  unim- 
portant, the  principal  branches  being  the  manufacture  of  cigars,  cigarettes  and  drawn  work. 

The  estimated  per  capita  imports  of  Porto  Rico  in  1918  amounted  to  $52.82.  In 
the  same  year  the  per  capita  exports  amounted  to  $61.90.  The  share  of  the  United  States 
in  the  imports  of  Porto  Rico  in  1918  was  92  per  cent.,  in  the  exports,  88  per  cent. 

Area  and  Population 

The  area  of  Porto  Rico  is  3,606  square  miles.  The  estimated  population  in  1915 
was  1,200,100.  The  principal  towns  are  San  Juan  (population,  1910,  48,716),  Ponce 
(population,  63,444),  and  Mayaguez  (population,  42,429). 

Commerce 

Value  of  merchandise  shipped  from  Porto  Rico  to  the  United  States  and  foreign 
countries  for  the  ten-year  period  1909-1918: 


Years 

• 

To  the 
United  States 

To  Foreign            »,      , 
countries              *°^*' 

Years 

To  the 
United  States 

To  Foreign           -,      , 
countries               loxai 

1909 
1910 
1911 
1912 
1913 

$26,394,312 
32,095.645 
34.765.409 
42.873.401 
40,538,623 

$3,996,913 
5.864,574 
5.152,958 
6,832,012 
8,564,942 

$30,391,225 
37.960,219 
39,918,367 
49,705,413 
49.103,565 

1914 
1915 
1916 
1917 
1918 

$34,423,180 
42.311,920 
60.952.768 
73,115,224 
65,514,989 

$8,679,582 
7.044.987 
5,778,805 
7.855.693 
8,779,033 

$43,102,762 
49.356.907 
66,731.573 
80.970.917 
74,294.022 

counS^rl^mWl!'^?'^''^  Shipped  mto  Porto  Rico  from  the  United  States  and  foreign 
couniries,  durmg  the  ten  year  penod,  1909-1918: 


Years 


1909 
1910 
1911 
1912 
1913 


From  the 
United  States 


From  For- 
eign countries 


Total 


Years 


From  the 
United  States 


From  For- 
eign counties 


Total 


$23,618,645 
27,097,654 
34.671,958 
38,470,963 
33,155,005 


$2,925,781 
3,537,201 
4,115,039 
4,501,928 
3,745,057 


$26,544,326 

1914 

30,634,855 

1915 

38,786,997 

1916 

42,972,891 

1917 

36,900.062 

1918 

$32,568,368 
30,929,831 
35,892,515 
49,539,249 
58.945,758 


$3,838,419 
2.954.465 
3.058,641 
4.005.975 
4.443,524 


$36,406,787 
33.884,296 
38.951.156 
63.545.224 
63,389,282 


? 


t 

\ 

\ 

c 


94 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Imports  from  United  States  and  foreiRn  countries  for  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1918: 


From  United  States 


Quantity 


Agricultural  implements 

Animals 

Breadstuffs: 

Bread  and  biscuits lbs. 

Cornnieal bbls. 

Oats bushels 

Wheat  flour bbls. 

Rice lbs. 

All  other 

Candles lbs. 

Car,  carriages  and  parts  of 

Cement bbls. 

Chemicals,  drugs,  dyes  and  medicines. . . 

Coal tons 

Cocoa  and  chocolate,  prepared 

Cotton,  manufactures  of: 

Cloths yds. 

All  other  manufactures  of 

Earthen,  stone  and  china  ware 

Explosives 

Fertilizers tons 

Fibers,  vegetable  and  textile  grasses: 

Cordage lbs. 

Jute  bags 

All  other 

Fish: 

Dried,  smoked  or  cured lbs. 

All  other 

Fruits  and  nuts 

Glass  and  glassware 

India  rubber,  manufactures  of 

Instruments  and  apparatus,  scientific .  .  .  . 

Iron  and  steel,  manufactures  of 

Leather  and  manufactures  of 

Meat  and  dairy  products : 

Bacon lbs. 

Hams  and  shoulders  aired lbs. 

Pork,  pickled lbs. 

Lard lbs. 

Lard  compounds lbs. 

All  other  meat  products 

Butter lbs. 

Cheese lbs. 

Milk,  condensed lbs. 

Musical  instruments  and  parts  of 

Oils: 

Mineral gals. 

Vegetable 

Paints,  pigments  and  varnishes 

Paper,  manufactures  of 

Perfumeries,  cosmetics  and  toilet  prep. . . . 

Seeds 

Silks,  manufactures  of 

Soap: 

Toilet  or  fancy 

All  other 

Spirits,  wines  and  malt  liquors : 

Malt  liquors gals. 

Spirits,  distilled  proof gals. 

"Wines gals. 

Champagne,  dot qts. 

Sugar,  refined lbs. 

Straw  and  palm  leaf,  Sifrs.  of 

Tobacco  and  manufactures  of : 

Unmanufactured lbs. 

Manufactures  of 

Toys 

Vegetables: 

Beans  and  dried  peas bushels 

Onions bushels 

Potatoes bushels 

All  other  canned 

All  other,  incl.  pickles  and  sauces 


3.255,108 

23.556 

131.929 

295,796 

125,131,832 

'937,846 

248.467 

104,908 


44.922,200 

'    "  40,289 
856,012 

10.860,900 


110,959 
2,770.625 
7.183.263 
2.609.956 
6.164,577 

'861,909 
1,163,022 
3,667,089 


5,916.744 


86,548 

9.848 

20,375 

*3,'0'l'7'.2i5 
2,003.224 


218.608 

40,928 

261,911 


Value 


$62,194 
5,766 

400.323 

219.870 

1 14.K50 

3,280,9(10 

9.144.940 

294.077 

145.0<H 

1.562.807 

559,692 

926,163 

627.453 

68.495 

4.734.248 

3.675.765 

284.127 

52.978 

2.927,249 

177,706 

1.085,958 

275,829 

1,111,368 

267,433 

220.343 

166,793 

954.415 

32.380 

5,012.359 

2.325,309 

29.667 
674.623 

1,677,892 
734.878 

1,316.446 
578.460 
182.827 
328.714 
651.105 
68,116 

1.416.416 
162.482 
336 .6H1 

1,190.754 
134.837 

■426,575 

75,825 
764.524 

44,134 
67.256 
17.032 

■24'5',674 
91.727 

637.872 

120.103 

69,130 

1.259.334 

86.263 

310.949 

64.431 

9.809 


FnOM    FOREION  COUNTRIB8 


Quantity 


2.617,456 


75,233 


623 

176 


6,284,174 


86,280 
8,436 


13,524,000 


2,409 

1.767 

26.227 

607 


18,683 
3.572 
6.991 


Value 


$51,246 
17,780 

3.416 


94.511 
2.063 


279.379 
3,398 
1.944 

19.012 

128.678 

355 


2.477 

94 

640,342 

63.234 

880.040 

8.302 

46.264 

4.217 

337 


6.952 
34,782 


85,916 
63,667 

1,939 
226 

1,723 

257.236 
78,918 
2.011 
95.488 
32,319 
25,329 
352 

7.837 


1,923 

8.431 

37,707 

9.092 


5.749 

19,681 

5 

1,459 

72,467 
3,763 

10,766 
3,697 

99.284 


PORTO  RICO 


95 


Tabic  CorUinued: 


Distribution  of  imports  for  5  years,  ending  June  30,  1918: 


Countries 


United  States 

Au.stria-Hungary 

Belgium 

Denmark 

France 

Germany 

Italy 

Netherlands , 

Norway 

Spain 

Sweden 

Switzerland 

United  Kingdom 

Canada 

Newfoundland 

Panama 

Mexico 

West  Indies: 

BritLsh 

Cuba 

Virgin  Islands 

Dutch 

French 

Haiti 

Dominican  Republic .  .  . 

Ar>rentina 

Colombia ',  , 

Ecuador [[[] 

Brazil 

Peru '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 

Uruguay 

Venezuela 

East  Indies — British  India 

Japan 

Canary  Islands 

Nicaragua 

Tripf)li 

Hongkong 

Costa  Rica .  . 

British  East  Africa 

Chile 

British  Guiana . .  .  . 


Imports 


1914 


$32,568,368 

4,964 

63.563 

121,956 

309,376 

336.109 

74.205 

234,084 

772.266 

5,659 

548 

475.639 

594.344 

60,872 

'  20,996 

70,553 

52.006 
4.877 

13,165 

6 

2.610 

92,605 

81.800 
3,079 


4.330 

3.790 

394.499 


1915 


60,473 
90 
21 


Total I  $36,406,787 


$30,929,831 

5.043 

16,033 

90,026 

140,059 

139.373 

76,033 

159.078 

4,446 

679.415 

1.296 

2,011 

339.681 

606.328 

8.272 

13 

87.986 

735 

68.871 

4,868 

7.224 

1,360 

"2"3'4',356 

60.550 

5,295 

184 

iii 

38,113 

16,232 

205.928 

291 

50.241 

5 

118 


$33,884,296 


1916 


$35,802,515 

370 

80.979 

144,209 

1.011 

61.551 

23.805 

15.748 

650,317 

23.146 

295 

351.011 

651.183 

12.142 

212,526 


65.754 

29.060 

6,309 

14.419 

16 

382.441 

36.336 

7,430 

i4 

1,244 
4.457 

11.588 

196.917 

1.316 

54,461 


30 

18.828 


$38,051,156 


Coffee  and  sugar  exports  for  5  years,  1914  to  1918: 


Year 


Continued  on  page  95 


1914. 
1915. 
1916. 
1917. 
191S 


Coffee 


Pounds 


Value 


50.211,947 
51.125.620 
32.144,283 
39.615.146 
37.618.613 


Year 


$8,193,544 
7.082,791 
5,049.283 
5.892.081 
5.506,316 


1914. 
1015. 
1916. 
1917. 
1918. 


1917 


$49,539,249 


85,252 
157.101 

'66.734 

3.927 

9.705 

985.370 

32.141 

'i9i,i22 

776,482 

93.058 

'251,269 

10 

73,966 

20,016 

35.235 

4,685 

1,666 

595,450 

14,958 

433 

30 

19.955 

1.928 

31.831 

17,650 

446.727 

7.371 

54.199 


27,251 
453 

$53,545,224 


rnOM  United  States 

Prom  foreign  cotJNTRiES 

Quantity 

Value 

Quantity 

Value 

Wood  and  manufactures  of. 

Boards,  deals,  planks,  etc M  ft. 

Furniture 

14,646 

612,232 

335,764 

87,551 

271,644 

2,604,557 

$58,945,758 

1.639 

46.129 

4.908 

12.700 

535 

1.265,982 

All  other 



Wool,  manufactures  of 

All  other  articles 

Total  Value 

$4,443,624 

1918 


$58,945,758 


54,231 
147,211 

51.726 
1,631 

'  623,64i 

23.767 

4.002 

253.732 

863.550 

38.021 

257.236 

430 

85,634 

29,345 

43.346 

1.652 

1.652 

1,166,859 

887 


3.678 
81.196 
54.823 
471.182 
97.467 
24,918 


162.313 


$63,389,282 


Sugar 


Short  tons 


Value 


320,633 
394.475 
424,955 
488.943 
336.788 


$20,240,335 
27,278.754 
45.809,445 
54,015,903 
41,362.229 


]  I 


III 


96 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Distribution  of  exports  to  foreign  countries  for  the  years  1914-1918: 


Countries 


Exports 


1914 


1915 


1916 


1917 


1918 


United  States 

Austria-Hungary 

Belgium 

Denmark 

France 

Germany 

Gibraltar 

Italy 

Netherlands 

Norway 

Russia 

Roumania 

Spain 

Sweden 

Switzerland 

United  Kingdom 

Canada 

West  Indies : 

British 

Cuba 

Virgin  Islands 

Dutch 

French 

Haiti 

Dominican  Republic 

Argentina 

Colombia 

Uruguay 

Venezuela 

Phihppine  Islands.  ,  .  . 

Canary  Islands 

Spanish  Africa 

Finland 

Mexico 

Brazil 

Dutch  East  Indies. . .  . 
Chile 

Total 


$34,423,180 

1,601,988 

18,818 

3,216 

843,294 

496,100 

24,451 

692,363 

105,659 

15.795 

19,064 

24,575 

1,368,401 

96,215 

4,225 

79.748 

10,072 

2,920 

3.089,075 

29.932 

32.561 

2,116 

"  "  51,688 

16,467 

10,227 

745 

4,910 

13,568 

8,814 

1,915 

11,170 


$43,102,762 


$42,311,920 
1.630 

* "  * "  i28,557 

815.527 

21,369 

7,143 

733,354 

146.065 

13,464 


1,876.106 
140,910 

"      '  6,366 
22 

2,593 

2,790.771 

23,780 

34.436 

13,673 

223,645 

31,958 

21,799 

777 

89,792 

7,942 

11.624 

1.750 


$49,356,907 


$60,962,768 


276,091 

1,566 

401,551 

86.456 

9,830 


1.292.378 
253.696 

33,567 
85 

18,589 
2,781.292 
39,595 
71,322 
62,267 

'276.892 

13,571 

50,050 

150 

30.425 

75.834 
1.690 

"  *  *  2.658 


$66,731,573 


$73,115,224 


567.046 


39.292 
174 


1,837.874 


63,880 


4.745 

3,561.478 

298.653 

106,100 

54,537 

1,376 

1,267.090 


16.893 

'49.89i 
1.623 


2,200 
2,841 


$66,514,989 

'  229,724 
259 

■'i,"65l',i6i 
i"65.684 


15,466 

3,809.504 

312.226 

67.623 

1 13,475 

11.293 

2.361,770 


31.469 
i9,699 


291 


$80,970,917  $74,294,022 


Production  and  Industry 
In  1915-16  203,491  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $21,840,428,  were  planted  to  sugar  cane. 
Sugar  crops  for  4  years  have  been  as  follows:  1915. 346,490  tons;  1916,  483,589  tons;  1917 
453,976  tons;  1918,  405,174  tons;  1919,  375,000  tons.  Sugar  is  grown  principaUy  on  the  low 
alluvial  lands  along  the  coast.  Tobacco  is  grown  on  16,308  acres,  valued  at  $1,326,859. 
The  principal  tobacco  growing  districts  are  Cayey  (2,713  acres),  Cedra  (2,620  acres),  Aibo- 
nito  (2,390  acres),  Gurabo  (1,920  acres),  Comerio  (1,824  acres),  Caguas  (1,531  acres),  Juncos 
(811  acres),  Loiza  (371  acres)  and  Barranquitas  (308  acres.) 

The  manufacturing  of  cigars  and  cigarettes  is  constantly  increasing.  CoflFee  is  planted 
on  167,637  acres,  and  is  exported  to  Europe  and  the  United  States.  The  fruit  industry 
has  largely  been  developed  since  the  establishment  of  American  authority  on  the  island. 
In  1916  there  were  5,380  acres  devoted  to  the  raising  of  citrus  fruits  over  half  of  which 
was  in  grape  fruit.  Pineapples  are  grown  on  3,086  acres,  cocoanuts  on  6,091  acres;  the  milk 
of  the  green  cocoanut  is  consumed  as  a  drink,  the  fibre  (cois)  woven  into  various  textile 
products.    There  is  no  copra  manufacturing. 

Cotton  growing  is  assuming  increased  importance.  The  census  of  1910  enumerated 
4,712  growers  of  sugar  cane,  with  75,814  laborers;  2,314  coffee  planters  with  29,307  laborers, 


PORTO  RICO 


97 


ExporiSj  Continued: 

Exports  from  Porto  Rico  to  United  States  and  foreign  countries  for  fiscal  year  endinc 
June  30,  1916:  ^ 


Articles 


To  United  States 


Quantity 


Value 


To    FOREIGN   COUNTRIES 


Quantity 


Value 


Beeswax lbs. 

Cocoa lbs. 

CoflFee lbs. 

Cotton,  Sea  Island lbs. 

Fruits  and  nuts: 

Grape  fruit boxes 

Oranges boxes 

Pineapples boxes 

All  other 

Canned  pineapples .'. 

All  other ' 

Prepared  and  preserved  pineapples .  .  .  . . 

Cocoanuts 

Hides  and  skins *   Iba 

Honey lbs! 

Leather,  sole lbs 

Tallow. ;  libs! 

Perfumeries,  cosmetics,  bay  rum 

Seeds : 

Annatto Jbe. 

Cotton .  . .  lbs. 

Spirits,  distilled — Alcohol proof  gals 

Straw  hats 

Sugar  and  Molasses: 

Sugar short  tons. . 

Mol&ssea Jbg 

Tobacco  and  manufactures  oif : 

Cigarettes \f 

Cigars !!!,'"  M 

L«a' lbs." 

bcrap \Yyg 

All  other  domestic  articles .....[........ 

Total  exports  of  domestic  merchandise.  . 
Total  exports  of  foreign  merchandise 


65,296 

79,398 

256,697 

128,071 

549,125 
602,987 


Total  Exports. 


981,827 

3,137,942 

998 

38,814 


766,094 
133,799 


336,469 
14,495,752 

4,255 

179,038 

13,124,315 

3,989,831 


«17.243 

8,320 

39,064 

48,345 

1,120,330 

1,230,984 

617,496 

4,461 

75,216 

30 

2,010 

561,062 

283,143 

388,653 

450 

6,106 

31,183 


78,337 
156,736 
160,187 

41,310,845 
1.213,382 

16,656 
7,131,535 
7,91.3,675 
1,054,370 
1.584,023 

$65,053,842 
461,147 

$65,514,989 


567 
'87,361,916 

239 


5,459 

672,471 

33,903 

134,954 


701,049 
'  81,938 


$171 
5,466,252 

567 

■ '  3,9i7 


319 
1,088,292 

2,030 

150 

82,177 


603 
11,538 
3,767 
71.737 
16,250 
21,993 


15.300 


84,869 
18,678 

51.384 
108,167 

9,076 

3,158 

14,085 

"  '2,815,332 

$8,716,844 
62,189 

$8,779,033 


Note:  Includes  all  U.  S.  goods  exported  from  Porto  Rico  and  also  those  exported  from  the  U.S 


via  Porto  Rico. 


Production  and  Industry,  Continued: 

180  tobacco  planters  with  5,346  laborers;  614  fruit  growers  and  3,668  laborers-  16  176 

general  farmers  and  62,667  general  farm  laborers.    Tobacco  and  fruit  arme^  a^^tiS 

Ind  JLTr'^'  ^^  '•'  r  '^"*- '°  *'^  '"''^''"«''*  •^-^'de.  Kapok,  hemrand  dye  wo^ 
and  plants  grow  wild  and  are  gathered  to  some  extent.  na  aye  woods 

resold 7ji"eMLd "■?;;';  'f'^'^r"'?^'  "^  ^  -*  '"•='-  ''^  ^'^'^"^  *e  lumber 
Mineral  rlurc-^fnlH         """"■f'^^*"^,  <>'  "l^a^cal  is,  however,  an  important  industry. 

is  Zd  ClvT  '"f  n"™'  T"^";'  '^"'  P*"»P'"'t«^  l^^ge'y  undeveloped.  Bat  gua^o 
hatl   ice  L  a  fert,I,»r.     Manufacturing  is  largely  undeveloped;  ciga„   cigarettT 

the  ;  w  ;.  939'i!f r'r^Kr  .'""■"  "°*  '^""^'""'^  *«  P"-'P' '  bran'che  .  Trnd 
^^^M:^lT^X^7lt:^r^^S^'  ''''''  ™'  ^^-  ^  -^'  -"a,  of 
Telegraphs  and  Telephones: 

Thegovemmcnt  operates  the  telegraph  service;  there  are  37  offices  and  590  miles  of 
«™.    There  are  privately  owned  telephone  systems  giving  good  service. 


98 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


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EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Roads  and  Railroads: 

portation  is  largely  by  automobile.  mtenor.    Trans- 

Cable  and  Wireless: 

^direct  eo_ieation  with  Santo  Do^t  rd^'cur^t^  we^T^ltr^l  ^Z 
South  American  countries.  The  French  Cable  Cn  nruZa*^  t  a  "^^^^^^^^  ^^^  o^^^er 
via  Cape  Haitien,  and  from  ^J^mL^^fZL  -^^  f^"  •'"»°  *°  ^^  ^ork 
at  San  Juan,  having  a  day  radius  of  300,  andf  ^ "rdius^f  Tc^'^r"  '^°  ?*  "^ 
receives  commercia.  messages  for  points  in  Porto  rL  a^d  fr/aKaTt fo^  Su 
Local  Advertising  Media:  6    f"    to. 

Money,  Banks,  Weights  and  Measures: 

Money,  as  in  the  United  States.    Metric  system  adoDterl  in  lono   k»*  • 
American  system  is  equaUy  current.  ^  ^'  *'"*  '"  P^*^^^ 

Shipping  Routes:  New  York  and  Porto  Rico  Steamship  Company 
Cable  Rate:  From  New  York  or  New  England.  $0.30  per  word 
Postal  Rate:  United  States  domestic  rate. 
Mail  Time:  To  San  Juan  direct  from  New  York,  5  days 
Parcels  Post:  At  domestic  rates. 
Money  Orders:  As  in  United  States. 


TRINIDAD  and  TOBAGO 

Rrifi^W  !f  i'i^'  ";T*  T'^r-'  "°^  ^'^  *^"  "^^P*^^«  ^^  J^^^^^^^,  the  largest  of  the 
British  West  Indian  Islands.    It  is  situated  6  miles  east  of  the  coaat  of  Venez^e  a     It! 

tZt  f  T^'^K*''*  'V''  ^*^*^  ''  ^^^^"^^^-     ^-'  administrative  pu^r^Tnidad 
includes  the  neighbonng  island  of  Tobago.  purposes  irmidad 

Since  Trinidad  lies  in  the  track  of  the  trade  winds,  and  is  practically  a  part  of  the  main- 
land, It  IS  immune  from  the  climatic  vicissitudes  te  which  the  other  isLds  Tf  the  AnTu^ 
are  exposed^  It  is  not  subject  to  hurricanes,  and  ite  seasons  are  regular,  and  two  in  ou^LeT 
the  wet  and  the  dry.    The  wet  season  lasts  from  May  to  Janua^^,  interrupted  rrhrlj 

rthTmiddfe  X^^'  '^"'^  '"^  '^"^^'-  "^  ^-  --  ^-^"  -  the^d^oK:;^ 
Trinidad: 

If  J^^  ^l^""!  ^  *:^^*|f  ,™*«  the  delta  of  the  Orinoco  river  on  the  Venezuelan  coast 
It  IS  55  miles  ong  by  40  broad,  and  ha^  an  estimated  total  area  of  1,860  squa^  mX 
Tnnidad  has  three  mountain  ranges  running  ea^t  to  west.      The  chiW  settlZte  i^ 

m7)    3™"rrf't  ^^*^^  ^?,"^^«- «f -^-^  (census  of  1911)  31 2,^7^^^^ 
1917),  350,000.     Chief  towns  are  Port  of  Spain  (capital),  population,  19n,  ^  004    S^n 
Fernando,  the  pnncipal  sugar  port,  population,  1911,  8,666;  Tunapuna,  population   i911 
5.644;  Pnnces  Town,  population,  1911,  4,438;  Arima,  population,  1911,  4  0^  ' 


TRINIDAD 


101 


The  population  of  Trinidad  is  composed  of  about  one-third  Ea.st  Indians,  and  the 
remainder  principally  of  mixed  European  and  Negro  blood.  The  birth  rate  is  34  and  the 
death  rat-e  30  per  1,000,  partially  explained  by  large  infant  mortality  among  negroes  and 
East  Indians.     The  East  Indian  immigrants  average  about  2,400  per  year  in  number. 

Tobago:  An  island  about  20  miles  northeast  of  Trinidad.  Total  area,  114^  square 
miles;  length,  26  miles;  width,  7}4  miles.  Population  (census  of  1911),  20,762,  with  same 
racial  characteristics  as  that  of  Trinidad.  Capital,  Scarborough,  population  about  2,500* 
Plymouth,  population  about  1,500.  Dry  season  from  December  to  June.  Average 
rainfall  85  to  95  inches.     The  birth  rate  is  24  and  death  rate  19. 

Sugar  was  for  many  years  the  chief  product,  but  has  given  way  to  cocoa.  Cocoanuts, 
coffee,  limes,  nutmegs,  tobacco  and  some  cotton  are  likewise  grown.  Cotton  growing 
is  discouraged  by  the  prevalence  of  insect  pests.  The  principal  business  of  Tobago  is  done 
with  Port  of  Spain,  Trinidad. 

Commerce 
(Trinidad  and  Tobago) 
Value  of  the  t<)tal  foreign  trade  of  the  United  States  with  Trinidad  and  Tobago  for 


nme  years; 


Year 
ended 

Exports 

Imports 

Per 

Cent. 

free 

Excess  of 
exports  (♦) 

or 
imports  (-) 

June 
30 

Domestic 

Foreign 

Total 

Free 

Dutiable 

Total 

1911 
1912 
1913 
1914 
1915 
1916 
1917 
1918 
1919 

$3,350,330 
3,338,079 
3,107,851 
3.447.206 
3,230,905 
4,330.532 
6,198,453 
6,874,311 

$24,808 
16.002 
11,738 
18,.344 
20,283 
41,984 
35,193 

125,635 

$3,375,138 
3,354,681 
3,119,589 
3,465.610 
3,257,188 
4,372,516 
6,233,646 
6,999.940 
7,041,495 

$4,223,946 
4,444,332 
4,899,185 
6,694.795 
5.409.936 
6.754,633 
7,772,049 
6,759,171 

$441,164 
583,587 
494,365 
180,309 
125,622 
255,201 
451,564 
385,244 

$4,665,110 
5,027.919 
5,393,550 
6,875,104 
5,535,558 
7,009,834 
8,223,613 
7,144,415 
4.964,791 

90.55 
88.39 
90.83 
97.38 
97.73 
96.36 
94.51 
94.61 

♦  $1,289,972 

-  1,673,238 

-  2.273,961 

-  3,409,494 

-  2.278.370 

-  2,637,318 

-  1,989,967 

144,469 

♦  2.076,704 

Distribution  of  imports  and  exports  for  the  years  1913  to  1917: 


Country 


Imports 


1913 


1914 


1915 


1916 


1917 


United  Kingdom 

Canada 

Other  Bntish  poases-sions 

United  States 

Venezuela 

France 

Germany 

Other  Countries. ....... 


$4,338,002 

1,246.274 

869.556 

3,954.669 

2,277.677 

297,349 

195,269 

567,954 

$13,746,750 


$4,854,347 

1,581,323 

977,691 

4,145,.521 

1.411.348 

291,731 

174,668 

601,638 

$14,038,267 


$4,660,987 
2.036,408 
1,143,174 
4,407.495 
1.967.814 
226,928 

47l",366 

$14,914,166 


$4,782,072 
2.494.701 
1,395.335 
6,181,929 
2,221,272 
286,905 

"410,664 

$17,772,818 


$4,133,449 
3,634,385 
2,063,298 
7,676.671 
2,168,950 
201,699 

225,975 

$20,104,427 


Country 


Exports 


1913 


1914 


1915 


1916 


Unitwl  Kingdom.  .  . 

Canada 

I  Other  British  possessions 

United  States 

Veneruela 

France !..!!! 

Germany ! ! ! ! 

Other  Countries. ....... 


1917 


$2,406,190 
8.50.456 
280.495 

6.708.940 
322,767 

2,4.50,446 
667,846 

1,152,952 

$14,900,092 


$2,781,237 
1,683,970 

251,164 
5.367,772 

189,564 
2,255,817 

410,606 
1,185,825 

$14,125,953 


$7,620,169 

822.788 

270.182 

8,214,751 

255,373 

1,942,269 

630,865 
$20,756,337 


$6,931,579 
2,498,137 

488,046 
7,214,495 

197,384 
2,233,710 

i,229.i52 

$20,792,503 


$9,460,519 
1,328,456 

731,488 
7,161.846 

297.636 
2.770,992 

■1,299,291 

$23,050,228 


]• 


ii 


if 


V 


I 


102 


I! 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Total  value  of  imports  and  exports  for  the  five  years  1913-1917: 


Year 


Imports 


Exports 


Total 


1913 
1914 
1915 


Year 


$13,746,760 
14,038.267 
14.914,166 


Imports 


$14,900,092 
14,125,953 
20,756,337 


$28,646,842 
28,164,217 
35,670,503 


Exports 


Total 


1916 
1917 


$17,772,818 
20.104,427 


$20,792,503 
23,050,228 


$38,565,321 
43,154,955 


du^5w^l^^^1;rd^n:''^  ^''''  '''-  ■-  -^'-"^  ™-  o' 


Articles 


Cattle 

Goats 

Horses 

Sheep 

Swine 

Bags,  trunks  and  valises 

Baskets 

Bisciiits,  bread  and  cakes 
Pilot  bread  and  crackers. , 

Other  kinds 

Boots  and  shoes 

Brooms  and  brushes 

Butter 

Bicycles  and  Tricycles.. . . 

Tricycles  (motor) 

Motor   cars   and   Motor- 
vehicles  

Other  carriages,  carts  and 

wagons 

Cattle  and  other  ^nifnRl 

foods 

Cement 

Cheese 

Calcium  carbide 

Cordage  and  twine 

Pish 

Glass  and  glassware 

Grain  etc: 

Oats 

Flour,  wheaten 

Pulse 

Farinaceous  Prepara- 
tions  

Hay 

Hardware: 

Casket  and  CofBn  fit- 
tings  

Jams,  jellies  and  preserves 

Machinery 

Meats 

Metals,  manufactures  of 

Milk,  condensed , 

Musical  Instruments: 

Pianos  and  Organs 

Paints,  colours,   and  ma' 

terials 

Paper,  manuf  act  vires  of.  . 

Playing  cards 

Plate  and  plated  ware 

Rubber,  manufactures  of. 
Soap: 

Common 

Toilet 

Starch 

Vegetables 

Wood    and    Timber    Un- 
manufactured   

Wood  and  Timber,  manu- 
factured  


United 
Kingdom 


$2,648 
3,227 


3,207 
62,444 
12,514 
29,101 
17,107 

1.833 

1.671 


1,025 

117,403 

1,030 

63 

76,909 

938 

15.211 


520 
4,767 


962 

2,676 

273,885 

4,398 

86,696 

37,076 

1,968 

55,683 

96,639 

1,127 

4,704 

18,788 

222,058 

9.122 

140 

1,914 


5.229 


$1,163,386 


Canada 


$4,782 


573 

3.610 

8.310 

16.300 


2.162 

888 

29,733 


3.878 

3,129 

13,841 

418,097 

4,024 

196,557 

2,397,914 

1.003 


1,292 
2.386 


413 

957 

15,838 

5.389 

46,563 

72,904 

335 

16,028 

26,384 

48 


14,371 
8.728 


65,610 

116,761 

18.293 

$3,566,698 


Other  Bntish 
Possessions 


$496 

4,578 

620 

2.313 

6,060 

9 


14 


349 

1.224 

194 

174 


1.822 


179 

908 

48 


660 
13.272 

1.647 

48 


19 

3.217 

452 

4.626 

10,176 


10 

184 


408 


63 

14 

8,942 

22.890 

12.203 

4.233 


$102,094 


Other 
Countries 


$219,881 

1.725 

21,719 

330 

6,896 

6,452 

262 

2«",663 

28,970 

230.087 

6.726 

140,760 

631 

6.112 

128,969 

7.324 

181,141 
119,512 
30,049 
11.824 
83,179 
92,364 
66,460 

32,824 

444,461 

23,264 

12,203 
2.794 


11,450 
931,948 
460,509 
366,857 
134,043 

17,620 

22,045 

117,845 

466 

8,038 

23,677 

6.648 
12.033 

3.868 
78.691 

349,264 

24.756 


$4,512,524 


Total 


$220,376 

6,303 

22,341 

2,643 

12,956 

12,893 

3,479 

"28.617 
32,761 

286.142 
27,901 

187,387 
17,933 
7,0120 

132,804 

7,712 

213,713 

236,916 

34.962 

16,017 

174,265 

672,299 

86,745 

229,382 

2.843.036 

38,160 

19,911 
5.229 


1.365 

14.993 

1.224.890 

470.749 

604.643 

254.202 

19.824 

93.676 

240,054 

1,642 

13,151 

66,737 

237.498 
21,170 
12,052 

158,907 

349,264 

52.512 

$9,392,203 


TRINIDAD 


103 


Principal  products  exported  from  the  colony  in  1917: 


Asphalt  (crude  and  dried) 

Asphalt,  pure 

Bitters 

Cocoa 

Coconuts 

Copra 


102,953  tons. 

$610,012 

6,937  " 

67,466 

22,667  gals. 

110,161 

70,144,898  lbs.. 

8,021,643 

16,595,282  nuts. 

441,565 

7.201.448  lbs. . 

533,496 

Fruit 

Molasses 

^um [[[[ 

Sugar ',,[[ 

Petroleum  (crude) 

Petroleum  (spirit  gaso- 
line)   


1.398.324  gals. 
87,192     " 
62.664  tons, 
35,890.511  gals. 

1.248,097     " 


2,255 

249.959 

75.257 

7,093,753 

1.697,112 

256,914 


Production  and  Industry 
Statistics  for  production  and  industry  include  both  Trinidad  and  Tobago. 
The  principal  articles  produced  for  export  are  sugar,  cocoa,  cocoanuts,  copra,  fruit, 
molasses,  rum,  petroleum,  asphalt  and  manjack.  About  483,000  acres  are  under  cultiva- 
tion. There  are  12  sugar  factories.  The  largest  buyers  of  cocoa  are  the  United  States, 
the  United  Kingdom,  Canada  and  France.  Petroleum  is  an  important  industry,  and  there 
are  several  refineries  on  the  island. 

In  1916,  there  were  370,282  acres  of  Crown  land  controlled  by  various  companies; 
58,203  acres  under  lease;  26,743  under  prospective  Ucenses,  and  285,345  under  exploration 
licenses.  There  are  certain  restrictions  placed  on  oil  exportation.  Large  quantities  are 
consumed  iocaUy  for  fuel  and  power  purposes.  The  famous  asphalt  lake  of  the  island  is 
located  near  the  town  of  La  Brea  on  the  Southwestern  promontory  near  Venezuela.  Man- 
jack  is  mined  near  San  Fernando.  SmaU  quantities  of  nutmeg,  mace,  butter,  oranges, 
bananas,  balata  and  rubber,  hides  and  skins,  limejuice  and  wood  are  likewise  exported. 
Consular  Representation: 

United  States  consular  oflScials  are  stationed  in  the  following  places: 

Trinidad,  with  a  consular  agency  atiBrighton.    The  interests  of  Trinidad  and  Tobago 
are.taken  care  of  by  British  representatives  in  the  United  States. 
Language:  English. 
Shipping  Routes: 

Trinidad  Line. 

Raporel  Line. 

Royal  Dutch  West  India  Mail  Line. 
Customs  Tariflf: 

Specific  duties  are  levied  chiefly  on  the>asis  of  weight.    Trinidad  and  Tobago  have  a 
British  Preferential  Tariflf.  *^ 

Consular  Regulations: 

No  consular  documents  are  required,  and  there  are  no  restrictions  as  to   marks 
weights,  etc.  ' 

Cable  Rates:  From  New  York  and  New  England  states,  $0.36  per  word. 
Postal  Rates: 

Letters:  United  States  domestic  letter  rate,  $0.02  for  each  ounce  or  fraction  thereof. 
Postal  Union  rates  apply  to  other  matter. 
Mail  Time:  Direct,  8  days. 
Parcel  Post: 

md^'^ZT''^    M    TT^''^  ^^'  "^  ^'^^^*'    '^   P^^'^^^-    Prohibitions:  Base 
and  counterfeit  com;  oil  cloths;  carbon  paper  containing  free  carbon  or  oiled  paper. 

Money  Orders :    Issued  on  domestic  forms  for  both  Trinidad  and  Tobago. 
International  Reply  Coupons:  Not  issued. 


104 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


VIRGIN  ISLANDS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES 

A  group  of  three  islands,  St.  Thomas,  St.  Croix  and  St.  John,  which  form  part  of  the 
Virgin  Island  group  of  the  West  Indies,  and  which  were  formerly  possessions  of  Denmark, 
but  were  purchased  by  the  United  States  in  1916  for  $25,000,000.  Area  of  group,  132 
square  miles;  population,  26,051,  of  whom  1,922  are  white.  St.  Thomas,  the  principal 
island,  Ues  40  miles  east  of  Porto  Rico.  The  principal  towns  are  Christianstadt  and 
Frederickstadt  on  the  island  of  St.  Croix,  and  Charlotte  Amalie  on  the  island  of  St.  Thomas. 
St.  Thomas  was  formerly  the  chief  distributing  center  of  the  West  Indies,  but  its  importance 
in  this  respect  has  declined.  It  is  a  port  of  call  for  ships  destined  for  Panama,  and  is  likewise 
of  importance  as  a  coaling  station  for  ships  plying  to  and  from  the  West  Indies.  The 
principal  products  of  the  Virgin  Islands  of  the  United  States  are  cotton,  sugar,  aloes  and 
fruits.  Cattle  raising  is  an  important  industry.  The  cUmate  is  tropical.  The  official 
language  is  English.     Danish,  Dutch,  French  and  Spanish  are  also  spoken. 

The  chief  trade  of  the  Virgin  Islands  of  the  United  States  is  carried  on  with  the  United 
States.  Exports  from  the  United  States  to  the  Virgin  Islands  in  1919  amounted  to  $1,804,- 
117;  imports  from  the  Virgin  Islands  to  the  United  States  to  $1,593,120.  The  principal 
imports  of  the  Virgin  Islands  are  breadstuffs,  cereals,  coal,  iron  and  steel  products,  boots 
and  shoes,  textiles,  meat  and  dairy  products,  oils,  lumber,  and  refined  sugar.  The  principal 
exports  are  cotton,  raw  sugar,  fresh  fruits  and  lime  juice. 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures: 

As  in  the  United  States. 

Shipping  Routes: 

Raporel  Steamship  Line,  Inc. 

A.  H.  Bull  &  Co. 
Cable  Rates:  From  New  York  or  New  England  states,  $0.50  per  word. 
Postal  Rates:  Domestic  rates. 
Mail  Time:  Six  days. 
Parcel  Post:  Domestic  service. 
Money  Orders:  As  in  the  United  States. 


THE  WINDWARD  ISLANDS 

The  Windward  Islands,  consisting  of  Grenada,  St.  Vincent,  the  Grenadines  and  St. 
Lucia,  which  lie  between  Trinidad  and  Martinique  in  the  Caribbean  Sea  are  a  British 
colony.  Each  island  has  its  own  institutions  but  all  are  governed  by  a  governor  resident 
at  Grenada.  The  Colonial  Bank  and  the  Royal  Bank  of  Canada  are  the  only  two  banking 
institutions,  and  each  issues  $5.00  notes.  American  gold  and  British  currency  are  legal 
tender.  EngUsh  is  the  language  of  commerce;  the  laborers  speak  a  patois.  Weights  and 
measures  are  the  same  as  in  the  United  States  and  Great  Britain. 

The  total  area  of  the  islands  is  516  square  miles;  the  total  population  in  1911  was 
157,264.  The  islands  are  widely  scattered.  The  only  two  important  islands  of  the  Grena- 
dines are  Carriacou  (8,467  acres;  population  6,886)  and  Bequia  (4,422  acres);  and  their  chief 
product  is  the  "  Marie  Galante"  variety  of  cotton. 

(1).    Grenada: 

Southernmost  of  the  Windward  Islands;  about  90  miles  north  of  Trinidad,  65  miles 
southwest  of  St.  Vincent,  and  about  100  miles  southwest  of  Barbados.    The  island  is  21 


WINDWARD  ISLANDS 


105 


miles  long  and  12  miles  broad,  the  south  area  being  about  120  square  miles,  or  76,548 
acres.  Population  (estimate,  1915)  71,567;  prmcipally  Negro.  Towns  are  St.  George, 
the  capital,  (population  5,188  in  1911);  Grenville,  (population  about  3,000),  and  Gouyave, 
(population  about  1,200).  The  chief  product  of  Grenada  and  its  dependencies  was 
formerly  sugar,  but  now  limes  and  spices  and  cocoa  are  the  principal  products. 

The  Government  is  pursuing  the  policy  of  purchasing  unused  land,  and  selling  it  in  small 
farms  of  from  two  to  ten  acres  to  the  poorer  population,  in  the  attempt  to  develop  a  small 
landed  peasantry. 

Commerce 
Foreign  trade  of  Grenada  during  1917: 


Imports 

Exports 

From  United  Kingdom 

$465,009 
766.703 

Cocoa 

X2.003.583 

From  United  States 

Nutmegs 

1 14,307 

Mace 

74,829 

Lime  juice 

54,354 

The  principal  irajwrts  are  flour,  salted  and  cured  fish,  and  rice,  and  in  an  average 
year  the  total  foreign  trade  amounts  to  about  $3,000,000.  Cotton  goods  and  a  small 
amount  of  cement  and  corrugated  iron  are  sold.  The  principal  exports  are  cacao,  spices, 
(chiefly  mace),  cotton,  and  cotton  seed.  Grenada  is  a  party  to  the  preferential  tariff 
agreement  with   Canada. 

(2).    St.  Vincent  and  Dependencies: 

Location;  about  30  miles  southwest  of  St.  Lucia  and  97  miles  west  of  Barbados.  The 
island  is  12  miles  long  and  its  greatest  width  is  about  11  miles.  Total  area,  140  square 
miles,  about  90,000  acres.  Population,  1911,  41,877;  1914,  45,605.  Birth  rate,  33,  and 
death  rate  18  per  1,000.  The  island  is  volcanic,  and  was  the  scene  of  a  devastating  earth- 
quake in  May,  1903.  Principal  town  and  capital,  Kingstown,  4,300  (1911).  Dependencies; 
Bequia  (area  4,422  acres;  about  9  miles  from  Kingstown);  Mustique  (area  1,257  acres; 
about  18  miles  from  Kingstown);  Canouan  (area  1,694  acres;  about  25  miles  from  Kings- 
town); Mayreau  (area  600  acres;  about  37  miles  from  Kingstown);  Union  Island  (area 
2,600  acres,  about  37  miles  from  Kingstown),  and  the  islets  of  Balliceaux  and  Battowia. 
Population  estimated  at  4,000.  Inhabitants  principally  Negro,  with  some  admixture  of 
native  Carib.    All  the  islands  are  volcanic. 

The  principal  products  of  St.  Vincent  are  arrowroot,  for  the  preparation  of  which  there 
IS  a  mill  at  Kingstown,  and  Sea  Island  cotton,  considered  of  the  highest  quality.  There  is 
a  central  ginning-mill  at  Kingstown,  operated  by  the  Government.  Spices  are  exported  in 
small  quantities,  and  sugar  and  rum  are  produced  in  small  amounts.  The  lands  are  fertile, 
and  the  Government  is  endeavoring  to  attract  immigrants;  but  the  population  is  small,  and 
bemg  off  the  main  lines  of  travel,  the  island  is  of  slight  commercial  importance. 


Commerce 


Imports 


Exports 


I'M  7. 


f.'>93.474 


1917. 


$507,369 


106 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


ARGENTINA 


107 


III 

) 

i  ; 

i\ 


(8).    St  Lucia: 

The  most  northerly  of  the  Windward  Islands,  lying  about  25  miles  south  of  Martinique 
and  30  miles  northeast  of  St.  Vincent.  Its  area  is  238  square  miles,  or  152,320  acres, 
about  20  per  cent,  of  which  is  under  cultivation.  Population,  1915,  51,590.  Chief  town 
and  port,  Castries,  population  17,245.  Birth  rate  35.5  and  death  rate  20.4.  Castries  is 
the  chief  coaling  station  in  the  West  Indies  for  the  British  navy.  Vessels  drawing  30  feet 
of  water  can  come  alongside  its  wharves.  Most  of  the  coaling  is  done  by  women,  who 
outnumber  the  men  on  the  island  by  several  thousands.  Principal  agricultural  products 
are  sugar,  and  rum;  there  are  several  modem  sugar  factories.  Other  products  are  limes, 
cacao,  vanilla  beans,  spices,  and  some  cotton.  The  soil  and  climate  are  adapted  to  the  cul- 
ture of  coffee,  which  has  not  been  extensively  embarked  upon.  The  Government  is  mak- 
ing every  effort  to  encourage  agriculture  and  land  owning  by  making  small  allotments. 
Fertilizer  is  in  demand  for  the  cane  fields. 

Commerce 


Imports 

Exports 

1917 

$2,026,464 

1917 

1.638,767 

Language:  English. 

Shipping  Routes: 
Trinidad  Line. 
Raporel  Line. 

Royal  Dutch  West  India  Mail  Line. 
Quebec  Steamship  Company. 

Customs  Tariffs: 

The  customs  tariffs  of  the  Windward  Islands  provide  specific  duties  on  most  articles. 
Consular  Regulations: 

No  consular  documents  are  required,  and  there  are  no  restrictions  as  to  marks, 
weights,  etc. 

Cable  Rates:  From  New  York  or  New  England  states,  $0.36  per  word. 

Postal  Rates:  United  States  domestic  letter  rate. 

Mail  Time:  Varies. 

Parcel  Post: 

Service  extends  to  Windward  Islands.    Prohibitions  same  as  Great  Britain. 

Money  Orders:  Issued. 

International  Reply  Coupons:  Not  issued. 


SOUTH  AMERICA 

ARGENTINA 

The  Argentine  republic  embraces  the  southeastern  portion  of  the  South  Amercan 
continent,  being  bounded  by  Chili,  Uruguay,  Bolivia,  Paraguay,  Brazil  and  the  Atlantic 

Ocean.  Its  area  is  approximately 
as  great  as  the  combined  areas 
of  the  states  east  of  the  Missis- 
sippi, with  the  addition  of  Kan- 
sas and  Iowa. 

The  seasons  in  Argentina, 
owing  to  its  geographical  posi- 
tion south  of  the  equator,  are 
exactly  the  opposite  from  our 
own.  The  spring  season  in 
Argentina  is  from  September  21 
to  December  21,  the  summer 
season  from  December  21  to 
March  21,  the  autumn  season 
from  March  21  to  June  21,  and 
the  winter  season  from  June  21 
to  September  21. 

Of  the  total  population 
about  one-fifth  live  in  the  city 
of  Buenos  Aires,  which  is  ap- 
proximately as  large  as  Phila- 
delphia, and  is  the  capital  and 
principal  commercial  center.  The 
city  of  Buenos  Aires  ranks,  next 
to  Paris,  as  the  largest  Latin  city 
in  the  world.  It  is  in  every 
respect  thoroughly  modem,  and 
its  standard  of  living  is  fully  as 
luxurious  as  that  of  Paris,  Lon- 
don, or  New  York. 

This  is  the  most  important 
single  market  in  South  America. 
Although  much  smaller  both  in 
area  and  population  than  Brazil 
its  annual  imports  customarily 
exceed  those  of  Brazil  by  some 
25  per  cent.  The  United  States, 
which  supplied  only  15.4  per 
cent,  of  Argentina's  total  im- 
ports in  1912,  in  1918  supplied 
33.8  per  cent,  of  the  total  imports 
of  that  country. 


108 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


ARGENTINA 


109 


■I 

5  ■ 


Argentina's  per  capita  foreign  trade  in  1918  amounted  to  $159.17;  per  capita  imports 
amounted  to  $61.20,  and  per  capita  exports  to  $97.97. 

Of  a  total  population  of  approximately  8,000,000,  over  one-fourth  are  Italians,  and  a 
number  of  the  commercial  enterprises  of  Argentina  are  controlled  by  Italian  capital. 
Foreign  capital,  especially  British,  German,  and  Spanish  has  played  a  large  part  in  the 
development  of  the  country. 

Argentina  is  not,  despite  a  somewhat  widespread  impression  to  the  contrary,  a  tropical 
country.  It  is  below  the  tropical  zone  and  enjoys  a  temperate  climate,  not  unlike  that  of 
the  Carolinas. 

Unlike  Brazil,  which  is  geographically  divided  into  three  distinct  commercial  regions, 
Argentina  is  a  single  market. 

Area  and  Population 
The  republic  is  divided  into  14  provinces,  10  territories,  and  the  federal  district  of 
Buenos  Aires,  which  together  contain  the  land  area  and  population  shown  by  the  following 
table: 


Federal  District,  Provinces  and  Territories 


Area 
Square  Miles 


Population 
Census  1914 


Federal  District 
Buenos  Aires 

Provinces 

Buenos  Aires 

Santa  F6 

C6rdoba 

Entre  RIos 

Corrientes 

San  Luis 

Santiago  del  Extero 

Tucumdn 

Mendoza 

San  Juan 

La  Rioja 

Catamarca 

Salta 

Jujuy 

Territories 

Misiones 

Formosa 

Chaco 

Pampa  Central 

Neuqu6n 

Rio  Negro 

Chubut 

Santa  Crua 

Tierra  del  Fuego 

Los  Andes 

Total 


71 

177.777 
50.713 
66.912 
29.241 
33,535 
29.035 
55.385 
10.422 
56.502 
37.685 
37,849 
36.800 
48.302 
14.802 

11,511 
41.402 
62,741 
56,320 
40,530 
79,805 
93,427 
109,142 
8,299 
34,740 


1.153.119 


1.575.814 

2.066.165 
899.640 
735,472 
425.373 
347,055 
116.266 
261,678 
332,933 
277.535 
119.252 

79,754 
100,391 
140,927 

76,631 

53,563 

19.281 

46.274 

101.338 

28.886 

42.242 

23.065 

9.948 

2,604 

2.487 


7.885,237 


From  1857  to  1915  there  were  4,709,092  immigrant-s  as  follows:  2,295,019  Italians, 
1,497,854  Spaniards,  215,479  French,  161,422  Russians,  136,451  Turks  and  Syrians,  87,264 
Austrians,  62,331  Germans,  55,789  English,  33,340  Swiss,  27,211  Portuguese,  12,566 
Greeks,  8,922  Danes,  7,692  Dutch  and  6,669  Americans.  The  following  table  shows  the 
rate  of  immigration  over  a  period  of  years: 


Year 

Number  of  Immigi 

1857-60 

20,000 
159.570 

1861-70 

1871-80 

260,613 
846.568 

1881-90 

Year 


Number  of  Immigrants 


1S91-1900 
1901-05.. 
1906-10. . 
1911-15.. 


648.320 

520.030 

1.238.073 

1,009.925 


The  proportion  of  illiteracy  is  estimated  at  54  per  cent,  of  the  total  population. 
Estimated  present  population  of  the  chief  cities: 


Buenos  Aire,  January  1,  1919 

Rosario  (Santa  Fe) 

C6rdoba 

La  Plata 

Avellaneda 

Tucuman 

Rahla  Blanca 

Santa  Fe 

Mendoza 

Parand 

Salta 

Ijomas  de  Zamora 

Rio  Cuarto 


1,637.155 
222.592 
104.894 
90.430 
46.277 
91.216 
44.134 
59,574 
58,790 
36,089 
28,436 
22.231 
18.421 


I  Corrientes 

Quilmes 

Concordia 

Mar  del  Plata 

Santiago  del  Estero . 

Chivilcoy 

Resistencia 

Mercedes  (San  Luis) 

TandU 

Junin 

Bell-Ville 

GualeKuaychd 

Pergamino 


28,681 
19.311 
20,107 
27,611 
23,479 
23.241 

8,387 
18,256 
10,784 
21,172 

8,732 
17,880 
20.549 


Commerce 

During  the  first  three  months  of  1919,  the  imports  of  Argentina  amounted  to  $101,036,- 
465,  and  the  exports  of  Argentina  to  §107,279,050.  On  the  basis  of  these  statistics,  we  may 
estimate  the  total  foreign  trade  of  Argentina  during  the  year  1919  at  $833,262,060,  with 
imports  valued  at  $404,145,860  and  exports  at  $429,116,200. 

Value  of  the  total  foreign  trade  of  the  United  States  with  Argentina: 


Year 

ended 

June 

30 


1909 

1910.. 

1911.. 

1912.. 

1913.. 

1914.. 

1915.. 

1916.. 

1917.. 

1918.. 

1919.. 


Exports 


Domestic 


$33,458,105 
40.304,342 
43.753,424 
53,050.943 
52,807,331 
45,053.874 
32,167,859 
65,820,002 
81,939.982 

108,513,188 


Foreign 


$254,400 
330.599 
165,0S7 
107,236 
87,503 
125,215 
381,747 
552,.304 
435,183 
859,962 


Total 


Imports 


Free 


$33,712,505 
40,094.941 
43,918,511 
53,158,179 
52,894.834 
45,179.089 
32.549,000 
00,37S.300 
82,375,105 
109,373,150 
138,831,832 


$3,745,558 
17,590,832 
12,879,479 
21,100,777 
18,502,978 
43.055,900 
09.100,805 
90,521,654 
142,154,472 
173,314,821 


Dutiable 


$18,484,624 

15,872.432 

10,211.253 

8.740,239 

8,300,754 

1,468,082 

4,609.393 

15,990,766 

10,457,939 

22,318,527 


Total 


$22,230,182 

33,403,264 

29,090,732 

29,847,010 

26,803,732 

45,123,988 

73,770,258 

112.512,420 

152,012,411 

195,033,348 

166,061,539 


Per 
cent. 


Excess  of 
exports  (♦) 


16.85 
52.57 
44.27 
70.70 
69.10 
96.75 
93.67 
85.79 
93.15 
88.59 


+$11,482,323 
+7,231,677 
♦14,827,779 
+23,311,163 
+26,031,102 
+  55,101 
-41,226,652 
-46,134.056 
-70,237,244 
+86,200,198 
-27,229,707 


Value  of  Argentina's  foreign  trade  during  11  years  (values  in  United  States  currency) 


Year 


Imports 


Exports 


Year 


lOOS 
1909 
1910 
1011 
1912 
1913 


Imports 


Exports 


$263,418  089 
292,159;631 
339,458,083 
3.53,972,311 
37 1,381. .597 
470,094,003 


$353,195,154 
383,443.259 
359,584.143 
313.333,124 
403,577,502 
498,512,527 


1914 

1915 

1916 

1917 

1918 

1919  (3  mos.) 


$309,480,987 
293,181,713 
351,472.000 
364,979,122 
482,570,800 
101,036,465 


$380,917,706 
558,918,441 
550,300,665 
528.103,247 
772,549.000 
107,279,050 


I 


110 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


I 


Exports  for  the  first  quarter  of  1919,  by  principal  classifications: 


Articles 

Value 

Articles 

Value 

Pastoral  products 

$76,520,640 
27,110,710 

Forestry 

$1,424,340 

Agricultural  products 

Other  products 

2.221,430 

Percentages  of  total  Argentine  imports  borne  by  imports  from  principal  countries  of 
origin  for  six  years: 


Countries 


1912 
Per  Cent. 


1913 
Per  Cent. 


1914 
Per  Cent. 


1915 
Per  Cent. 


1916 
Per  Cent. 


1917 
Per  Cent. 


United  Kingdom 

Germany 

United  States . . . 

Italy 

France 

Belgium 

Brazil 

Spain 


30.8 
16.6 
15.4 
8.5 
9.8 
6.3 
2.5 
3.1 


31.1 

16.9 

14.7 

8.3 

9.0 


5.2 
2.2 

2.9 


34.0 
14.8 
13.4 
9.2 
8.2 
4.4 
3.5 
3.1 


29.9 
2.5 

24.8 
9.3 
5.9 
0.4 
4.6 
6.0 


28.2 
0.2 

29.2 
9.8 
6.9 
0.1 
5.5 
6.2 


21.8 
0.1 

36.3 
6.9 
5.9 

i6!6 

7.2 


Imports  by  principal  countries  of  origin  from  1913  to  1918,  inclusive.     Values  are  given 
in  United  States  currency: 


Countries 


United  States 

United  Kingdom .... 

Brazil 

Spain 

Italy 

France 

Uruguay 

Mexico 

Paraguay 

Chile 

Japan 

British  Possessions . . . 

Switzerland 

Cuba 

Netherlands 

Sweden 

Norway 

Peru 

Bolivia 

Portugal 

Canada 

China 

Germany 

Denmark 

Belgium 

South  Africa 

Austria-Hungary . , . . 
Dutch  Possessions. . . 

Turkey 

Russia 

Australia 

Other  coimtries 

Total 


1913 


$70,092,160 

147,891,372 

10,462.134 

13,999.264 

39,309,624 

43,022,619 

3,611,679 

1,528,668 

2.566.201 

799,980 

981,041 

8,560,554 

3.106.919 

1.273.032 

4,603.411 

3,529.533 

2,555,135 

1,515 

284.765 

662,104 

1,866,412 

635,743 

80.576,434 

230,622 

24,796,161 

89,156 

6,704,316 

17.964 

143.528 

506,028 

1,156.120 

308.031 


$476,094,663 


1914 


$41,761,106 

105,287.972 

10,577.516 

9,796,159 

28,303.023 

24,498,404 

3.338,020 

2,038,733 

2,037.436 

659,081 

554,585 

3,740,933 

1,643.130 

1,156.338 

3,189,383 

2,145,324 

1,676,352 

1,382,887 

303.758 

364.753 

549,376 

456.189 

45.537.996 

164,334 

13,819,298 

94,300 

2,900,591 

3,601 

88,185 

295,499 

55,173 

141,799 


$309,480,987 


1916 


$72,476,288 

87,585,017 

13,614,560 

14,651,875 

27,352.932 

17,199,489 

2,428,818 

15,535,338 

2,920.135 

1,083,011 

1,056,596 

10,803,083 

1.986.117 

1,125.710 

1.959.970 

2.664.131 

1,767.918 

1.663 

365.036 

308,375 

1,462,928 

298,306 

7,304,980 

794.476 

1,103,176 

260,976 

341,367 

9,603 

43,067 

16.408 

10,874 

138,886 


$293,181,713 


1916 


$102,708,966 

99,074,764 

19,234.270 

21.788.129 

34.496.914 

24,248,081 

3,976,238 

10,540.663 

3.342,962 

1.533.334 

1.911.374 

9.103.207 

3.263.435 

2.138.865 

2,669.137 

3,394.315 

1,345,461 

448,806 

707.410 

443.156 

1.818.853 

390,065 

567,244 

670,256 

446.937 

41,750 

16,319 

81,000 

20,257 

16,869 

16.389 

86.932 


$351,472,606 


1917 


$131,601,523 

79.665.399 

36.360.601 

26.393.206 

25.289,639 

21,698,181 

6,698,311 

6,849,952 

5.005.272 

3.582.934 

3.185,918 

3,154,839 

2.892.638 

2.577.023 

2.176.200 

1,942.058 

1,655,797 

1,235,624 

812,161 

671,890 

463,494 

386,115 

282.868 

192.465 

92,190 

54,814 

9,404 

6,188 

2,195 

1.419 

34 

171,782 


$364,979,122 


1918 


$163,398,000 

120,500,000 

47.621.600 

40.295.200 

19.280,000 

26,064,000 

4,338,000 

6,157,400 

7,037,200 

8,001,200 

14,652,800 


3,084,800 
3,084,800 


3,181,200 

867,600 

3,856.000 


1.831.600 


11.327,000 


$482,576,800 


ARGENTINA 


111 


Imports  under  nineteen  major  classifications  for  five  years,  values  in  United  States 
currency: 


Articles 


1913 


1914 


1915 


1916 


1917 


Live  animals 

Food  products 

Tobacco. 

Wines,  liquor  and  other  bever- 
ages   

Textiles,  and  manufactures  of. . 

Oils,  grease,  etc 

Chemicals  and  pharmaceutical 
products 

Paints,  dyes,  etc 

Timber,  wood,  straw,  and  man- 
ufactures of 

Paper  and  manufactures  of ...  . 

Hides,  skins,  and  mfrs.  of 

Iron,  steel,  and  mfrs.  of 

Other  metals  and  mfrs.  of 

Agriculture 

Locomotion,  railway  cars,  equip- 
ment, carriages,  automobiles, 
etc 

Earths,  stone,  glass,  coal,  etc. . . 

Building  materials 

Electrical  apparatus 

Miscellaneous 

Total 


$1,603,683 

39,472,674 

7.952.438 

15,866.515 

101,301.477 

26.772,272 

17,167,617 
2,864,840 

12.235,834 
11,188,460 
5,209,.563 
56.541,541 
16.010,307 
10,310.103 


42.059.381 
41,426,135 
40,423.543 
11.393,890 
16.270.377 

$476,094,663 


$1,416,676 

26.556,208 

6,727.142 

9,257.713 
59,794,075 
22,831.997 

12,649.008 
1.902.051 

6.673.262 
8.441,473 
3,019.641 
40.029.619 
8.707.906 
3.687.973 


26,139.803 
32.844,556 
20,420,257 
7.996.729 
10.377.203 

$309,480,987 


$1,702,363 

29,145.877 

7.940.596 

8.478.608 
67,107,770 
46,699.032 

13,684,245 
1,865.125 

5,442.008 
7.525.204 
2,716,811 
24.093.548 
7.858,173 
8,459,405 


8,783,384 

25.701.652 

15,421,423 

4.844.175 

5.974.899 

$293,181,713 


$3,991,177 

42.044.276 

7,064,932 

8,712,297 

106.138.765 

25,338,251 

20,203.801 
2,778.226 

15,169.370 
11,699.858 

3,540,781 
33,938,912 
11,947,809 

9,106.937 


® 
31.215.361 

® 
5.396.406 
13,275,395 

$351,472,606 


Note:—®  Reclassified  in  1916  and  1917. 


$4,841,545 
67.738,832 
11.199.304 

8.188.758 
93.799,378 
29.728.898 

19,161.318 
3,256,995 

12.348,388 
12,298,225 
2,984.734 
36,570,280 
14,344,666 
12.315.641 


® 
17,548.465 

® 
5.603.200 
13.050.480 

$364,979,121 


Percentages  of  total  Argentine  exports  borne  by  exports  to  principal  countries  and  on 
orders  for  six  years: 


Countries 


1912 
Per  Cent. 


1913 
Per  Cent. 


1914 
Per  Cent. 


1915 
Per  Cent. 


United  Kingdom 
United  States . . . 

Germany 

France .,[ 

Belgium... . .  . , , 

Brazil 

Netherlands 

Italy :; 

On  orders . 


25.3 

6.7 
11. 

7. 

7. 

4. 

3. 

4. 


.3 
.6 

.8 
.7 
.3 
.4 


23.9 


1916 
Per  Cent. 


1917 
Per  Cent. 


24.9 
4.7 

12.0 
7.8 
6.8 
5.0 
4.7 
4.1 

24.4 


29.3 
12.3 
8.8 
5.7 
5.0 
4.5 
3.2 
2.4 
23.7 


29.6 
16.1 

"7!2 

'3'9 
3.4 
7.3 

25.6 


29  4 
20.9 

ii!9 

"4!5 
6.1 
6.0 

13.9 


29.2 
29.3 

i3!2 

'4;i 

1.0 
5.3 
5.6 


Five-year  table  of  principal  agricultural  exports: 


Indian  Corn 
Tons 


Flaxseed 
Tons 


Wheat 
Tons 


Oats 
Tons 


Bran 

Tons 


Wheat 
Tons 


4.806,951 
3.542,280 
4,3.30,594 
2.873,910 
893,939 


1,016.732 
841.590 
981,192 
639,914 
141,308 


2.812.149 

980,525 

2..51 1.514 

2.294.876 

935,828 


889,744 
353,700 
592,797 
804,443 
271.713 


274,058 

230.934 

177,661 

29,035 

19,872 


124,649 
67,325 
116,049 
144,290 
112.465 


I 


112 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


ARGENTINA 


113 


I 


Exports  to  principal  countries  of  destination  for  five  years  is  shown  in  the  following 
table;  values  in  United  States  currency: 


Countries 

1913 

1914 

1915 

1916 

1917 

1918 

United  States 

United  Kingdom 

France 

$23,805,461 

124.104,027 

38,889.319 

20.660.900 

25.063,668 

316,500 

6,496,137 

4,967,848 

1,111,577 

23,326,014 

2,004,743 

755,546 

1,962,897 

1,107,312 

$47,570,171 

113,165,217 

22,125,368 

9,452.580 

17.401.589 

162.589 

5.226,315 

2,664,484 

2.028.533 

12,377,980 

1,266,219 

858,289 

1,346,604 

1,855,788 

$89,957,831 

165,183,185 

40,407,641 

40.991,804 

21,933,284 

158,712 

7,967,537 

7,150,782 

2.800.460 

19.055.502 

1,732.957 

1.551.633 

1,552,299 

5.027.712 

$114,940,938 

162,800,168 

65,566.266 

27,495.967 

24,810,802 

2,546.761 

6,570,660 

8.673.291 

4,180.897 

27.843,394 

1,381,639 

6,171,960 

3,025,974 

10,213,425 

154,177 

$154,819,933 

154.413.138 

69.665,461 

27.738,754 

21.907.669 

13.388.356 

10.260.601 

8,769.207 

7,501,598 

5.Q63.306 

4.190.391 

3.810.314 

3.225.972 

2.561.529 

2.237.617 

2.026.174 

1.918.363 

1.075.683 

656.873 

283.828 

278.109 

70.645 

56,160 

$159,156,400 
294.791.400 
109,932.000 

Italy 

;{8.752.800 

Braail 

French  Posscsaions 

32,101,200 

Uruguay 

Spain 

14.460.000 
22.943.200 

Norway 

Netherlands . 

4,01S,800 

Chile 

Denmark . .        .        .    . 

8.290.400 

Paraguay 

Sweden 

Switzerland 

5,012.f-00 

4,241.600 

19,280 

Japan 

18.084 

168.432 

718.532 

1.166,718 

6.179 

2,699,200 

South  Africa 

58,848 
277,272 
852,822 

362.124 
932.721 
519.964 
281,703 

265,151 
800,285 
856,697 

4,723,600 

British  Possessions. . . . 

Bolivia 

Peru 

•••■. 

289.200 

Egypt 

925,995 

75,857 

1,377,735 

2,987,944 

30.688 

Cuba 

658,040 
552,609 
626.821 
120.549 

375.766 

12,915 

282,770 

151.684 

141.006 

19.393.721 

1.525.325 

34,045.498 

91.533.749 

831,800 

227,391 
1,002,287 

289,200 

Portugal 

Russia 

289.200 

Mexico 

137,794 
4,978,299 

48,200 

Australia 

Belgium 

33.746.865 

2.300.820 

59.809.588 

121,370,148 

1,926,263 

Austria-Hungary 

Germany 

On  Orders 

143,319,839 
1,980.752 

75.563.871 
859.880 

29,763,587 
2.479,071 

Other  countries 

71,750,520 

Exports  classified  under  six  general  heads  for  five  years, 
currency: 


Values  in  United  States 


Articles 

1913 

1914 

1915 

1916 

1917 

Live  animals  and  meat  products 
Tanning  products 

$171,846,568 

309,718,424 

10,947,566 

200,733 

1,873,307 

3,925,925 

$498,512,523 

$168,110,541 

204,240.504 

10,235.050 

92.915 

1,462.251 

2,767,442 

$386,917,703 

$219,060,524 

313,2S4,198 

19,036,042 

180,5()6 

2.047.216 

5,386,690 

$568,995,236 

$273,852,485 

247.256.821 

22.739,166 

1.20t).773 

1,464,088 

3,781,037 

$650,300,370 

$360,993,866 
138,703,940 

Forest  products 

17.035.420 

Mine  products      

1.201.981 

Hunting  and  fishing 

1.376.2,37 

Miscellaneous 

8.852.810 

Total 

$628,162,244 

Exports  of  wool,  hides  and  skins  for  five  years: 


Year 

Wool 
Tons 

Sheep  Skins 
Tons 

Cattle  Hides 
Tons 

Horse  Hides 
Tons 

Goat  Hides 
Tons 

1913 

120.080 
117.070 
117.670 
117.657 
127.432 

19.026 
12.962 
20.225 
14.551 
11.325 

86,074 
78.065 
89.827 
99,390 
96.487 

1.183 
1.394 
2,548 
3,951 
3,951 

2,441 

1914 

1,632 

1916 

2,516 

1916 

3,213 

1917 

1,904 

Meat  exports  for  the  five-year 

period,  1913-1917: 

Year 

Frosen 
Beef 
Tons 

Chilled 
Beef 
Tons 

Frozen 

Mutton 

Tons 

Canned 

Meats 

Tons 

-  Jerked 
Beef 
Tons 

1913 

332,054 
328,278 
351,036 
411,547 
356,842 

34.175 
40,690 
11.703 
16.153 
38.996 

46,298 
68,688 
36.036 
61.318 
39.820 

12.574 
13.087 
31.944 
44.569 
100.784 

3.910 

2.377 

213 

1.119 

(a)  7.613 

1914 

1915 

1916   

1917 

Note:  (a)  Includes  salt  beef  and  pork. 

Commercial  Establishments 
According  to  the  Argentine  industrial  census,  there  are  29,690  business  houses  in  the 
city  of  Buenos  Aires.     The  proprietorship  according  to  nationality  is  as  follows:  Italian, 
12,383;  Spanish,  7,822;  Argentine,  4,358;  French,  983;  Russian,  768;  Turkish,  545;  Uru- 
guayian,  404;  German,  299;  English,  163;  Austrian,  132;  Hebrew,  100;  American,  44 
Argentine  and  foreign,  713;  others,  976. 

There  are  11,132  industrial  establishments  in  the  city,  divided  according  to  the  national- 
ity of  the  proprietors  as  follows:  Italian,  4,970;  Spanish,  1,869;  Argentine,  1,664;  French, 
694;  Russian,  419;  Uruguayian,  172;  German,  144;  Argentine  and  foreign,'547;  American' 
7;  others,  646. 

Details  with  respect  to  certain  commercial  lines  are  shown  in  the  following  table: 


Classification 


Number 


Employees 


Capital 


Clothing 

Men's  and  women's  specialties 

Haberdashery 

Shoes  and  footwear  in  general 

Perfumery  and  soap 

Tobacco 

Notions  and  dry  goods 

Furniture 

Groceries  and  foodstuffs 

Coffee,  tea  and  yerba  mat6 

I^iquors 

Fruit  stores .^ 

Booksellers  and  stationers. . .  .  .  .  . .'  .".*.".. 

Phonographs  anflf  records 

^^"t^inobiios  and  accessories 

Movmg-picture  shows 

Pastry  shops,  caf^s,  billiard  rooms 

Hotels  and  restaurants 

Theaters 

Barbershops  and  hairdressing  estabiishments 

laundries  and  cleaning  establishments 

1  Mines 

Jewelers 

Sewing  machines. .. 

Hardware  and  tools .  . 

"icycles '  ' 

pnjg  stores  and  druggists'  supplies'. '.['.'.'...'.'. 

Wectrical  supplies  and  lighting  fixtures 

V  oai  yards 

llmfi^T""-^'  *^"*'"'^"'"8^l  'mpiements.'f tc .     .' 

Building  and  constniction  materials.' ." 

J  hennoal  products  and  oils 

Iron  dealers ... 

Stoamship  agencies. ". 

ucpartmrnt  stores  and  shoi^! .' .' .' .' ." ." .' .' .'  .* ." .'  ] ." 


208 
39 
269 
898 
109 
807 
1,530 
344 
0,100 
57 
598 
432 
953 
51 
173 
113 
58 
1,381 
23 
1,932 
169 
880 
283 
34 
419 
65 
493 
119 
1,323 
111 
89 
99 
32 
19 
71 
389 


19.826 
123 
1.493 
1,525 
283 
1,116 
6,219 
1,492 
12,267 
357 
1,507 
591 
999 
126 
2,096 
896 
3,610 
8.858 
310 
3,104 
1.435 
1.445 
701 
256 
2.582 
114 
5.156 
1.027 
1.503 
3,268 
980 
519 
298 
164 
879 
1,336 


$16,866,878 
244.423 
7.181,256 
2.151.367 
1.247.678 
2.052,711 
16.005.136 
4,301.769 
39.047.124 
1.784.060 
6.598.271 
390,760 
3.361.090 
1.406.099 
7,879,547 
1.370,520 
6,070,167 
11.9.38.692 
8.920.926 
1.319.S44 
1,594.622 
2,310.274 
6,378.863 
519.420 
16,632.894 
186.218 
9.755,489 
3,001,018 
1,485.630 
18.698,615 
4.771,329 
1.523.619 
18.698.615 
4.212.959 
17.131,191 
5,588,550 


r 


114 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Santa  Fe: 

Number  of  commercial  establishments,  9,582;  amount  of  capital  invested,  $108,299,313; 
number  of  persons  employed,  29,351. 

Cordoba: 

Number  of  commercial  establishments,  6,411;  amount  of  capital  invested,  $66,025,505; 
number  of  persons  employed,  18,873. 

Mendoza: 

Number  of  commercial  establishments,  4,117;  amount  of  capital  invested,  $23,561,147; 
number  of  persons  employed,  8247. 

San  Juan: 

Number  of  commercial  establishments,  1,544;  amount  of  capital  invested,  $7,935,402; 
number  of  persons  employed,  2,189. 

Clearing  House  Returns 
Total  clearing  house  returns  1916,  1917  and  1918,  with  first  ten  months  of  1919: 


1916. 
1917. 


$1,580,536,697 
8,759,911,648 


1918 

1919  (10  months). 


$12,390,343,039 
11,411,428,434 


Liabilities  of  failures  in  Argentina  during  the  first  ten  months  of  1919  amounted  to 
$11,275,110,  as  compared  with  $14,398,188  during  the  corresponding  period  in  1918. 

Production  and  Industry 

The  chief  source  of  Argentina's  wealth  are  her  pastoral  and  agricultural  industries. 
The  following  table  shows  the  number  of  animals  reported  in  the  live  stock  census  of  1908 
and  the  estimated  number  for  the  year  1915: 


Live  Stock 


1908 


1911 


I-ive  Stock 


1908 


1915 


Cattle. 
Horses 
Mules. 
Goats . 


29,116,125 

7,531.376 

465.037 

3,245.086 


29,500.000 

9.700.000 

.580.000 

4.520.000 


Sheep 
Asses . 
Pigs.  . 


67,211.754 

285.088 


80.000.000 

340.000 

3,050,000 


Cattle  and  sheep  are  raised  on  the  pampas  and  also  in  the  north  and  south  of  the 
country.  In  Patagonia  the  industry  is  practically  confined  to  sheep-raising.  The 
province  of  Buenos  Aires  contams  over  70  per  cent,  of  the  total  number  of  sheep  in  the 
republic.  A  large  number  of  pedigreed  animals  are  constantly  imported.  For  the  period 
1901-1914  these  imports  were  estimated  as  follows:  cattle,  12,761;  sheep;  34,597;  horses 
5,558;  pigs,  2,488. 

Ten  meat-freezing  establishments  are  now  in  operation  in  the  Province  of  Buenos 
Aires,  which  in  1916  slaughtered  1,925,281  head  of  cattle;  2,3:M,937  sheep,  and  64,996  pigs. 
The  10  establishments  represented  an  invested  capital  of  $106,719  783  (United  States  cur- 
rency);  employed  15,492  employees; 939  machines,  of  which  .585  are  operated  by  electricitv, 
158  by  hydraulics,  and  196  by  steam,  the  combined  horsepower  being  28,922.  There  are, 
besides,  meat-freezing  and  canning  establishments  at  Rio  Gallegos,  San  Julien,  Puerto 
Deseado,  and  the  erection  of  a  similar  plant  in  Tierra  del  Fuego  is  projected. 


ARGENTINA 


115 


Exports  of  wool  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  September  30,  1917,  amounted  to  349,622 
bales,  compared  with  299,207  bales  in  1915-16,  304,517  bales  in  1914-15  and  305,606  bales 
in  1913-14.  The  United  States  purchased  nearly  two-thirds  of  the  supply  in  1916-1917. 
Sheepskins  to  the  amount  of  29,081  bales  were  exported  during  the  first  seven  months  of 
1917,  as  compared  with  19,226  bales  in  the  corresponding  period  of  1916,  and  34,807  bales 
for  the  year  1916;  44,445  bales  for  the  year  1915,  29,602  bales  for  the  year  1914,  and  41,541 
bales  for  the  year  1913. 

The  dairy  industry  is  rapidly  assuming  importance,  and  large  quantities  of  butter  and 
cheese  are  being  exported  to  Europe.  The  number  of  dairies  in  the  country  is  estimated 
at  1,259,  which  produce  milk  valued  at  $11,750,000.  Casein  is  produced  and  successfully 
marketed;  the  production  in  1912  amoimting  to  11,590,144  pounds. 

The  total  area  under  cultivation  in  1914  was  60,829,305  acres;  the  distribution  of  the 
principal  crops  over  a  period  of  years  is  indicated  by  the  following  table: 


Grains 

1900-1901 

1913-1914 

1914-1915 

1915-1916 

1916-1917 

Acres 

Acres 

Acres 

Acres 

Acres 

Wheat 

8,352.000 

1,501,000 

2,493,500 

80,500 

16,243,500 
4,257,500 

10,260,000 
2,869,000 

15,471,000 
4,262,500 

10,386,000 
2,821,500 

16,420,000 
4,000,500 
9,928,500 
2,565,000 

Linoeed 

16,089,000 

Maise 

3,207,500 

Oata 

8,969,000 

2,525,000 

The  tonnage  of  grain  exported  during  1915  and  1916  is  indicated  by  the  foUowing  table: 


Grains 


1915 


1916 


Grains 


1915 


Wheat. 
Linseed 
Maiie.. 


1916 


2,448,724 
1,001,542 
4.349,951 


2,273,205 

638,654 

2,864,209 


Oats.., 
Barley . 


691,212 
76,946 


784,734 
63,032 


The  Argentme  census  of  1914  recorded  1,074,964  owners  of  real  estate  in  the  repubUc 
as  follows:  Argentinians,  673,409;  ItaUans,  203,000;  Spaniards,  104,339;  French,  22  105* 
Uruguayans  13,973;  Russians,  9,687;  Austrians,  8,666;  Ottomans,  7,709;  Swiss,  4730- 
Germans,  4,711;  English,  4,344;  othez.,  17,791.     With  respect  to  niral  pro^^'y  hold: 

Tuu  .!?"*'''**  ^"^"^  °^  ^^^  ^P°^^  *^^  '^^^r  of  these  holdings  as  190  945' 
of  which  60  per  ^nt  were  exploits  by  the  owners,  30  per  cent,  by  tenants  and  8  per  ;5ent: 
on  jomt  ownership  (share  cultivation). 

CAr^rT^^'f^V^^^^i^^J'''^  *^^  ^^""^^  '^^^^  (Provinces  of  Buenos  Aires,  Santa  F^, 
C6rdoba,  Entre  Rios  and  the  territory  of  Pampa  Central) :  ,         ^  re, 


Harvest 


1906-1907. 
1910-1911. 


Owners 


Tenants 


Share  Cultivation 


18,476 
21,546 


31,029 
36,458 


7,551 
7,107 


116 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


The  following  table  shows  the  comparative  distribution  of,  holdings  in  three  provinces 
and  the  territory  of  Pampa,  with  respect  to  size  of  holdings  (amounts  in  hectares;  10 
hectares  equal  24.71  acres). 


Number  of  Holdings 

Size  of  Holdings 
in  Hectares 

Province  of 
Buenos  Aires 

Province  of 
Cordoba 

Province  of 
Santa  F6 

Territory  of 
Panipa 

10  to  25 

14000 
14191 
9248 
3850 
4940 
3256 
2530 
1649 
6682 
306 

5671 

5045 

5280 

2658 

3872 

1685 

992 

619 

268 

147 

6876 

6830 

7276 

3020 

2545 

1263 

768 

666 

908 

136 

583 
423 

2174 

37 

330 

612 

1412 
445 
431 
172 

26  to  50 

51  to  100 

201  to  300 

301  to  650 

651  to  1250 

1251  to  2500 

2501  to  5000 

5001  to  10,000 

1000  and  upwards 

Totals 

62119 

31969 

37360 

7170 

In  the  province  of  Mendoza,  the  seat  of  the  wine  industry,  which  in  1916  produced 
99,334,745  gallons  of  wine,  the  average  holdings  are  smaller,  and  the  distribution  is  indicated 
by  the  following  table: 


Sise  of  Holdings  in  Hectares 


Number  of  Holdings 


1912 


1902 


Sixe  of  Holdings  in  Hectares 


Number  of  Holdings 


1912 


1902 


1  to  4.. 

6  to  9.. 

10  to  25. 

25  to  50. 

51  to  100 

101  to  200 

201  to  300 

301  to  650 


5093 

2964 

2234 

849 

2198 

831 

738 

468 

632 

333 

453 

266 

178 

112 

309 

221 

651  to  1250 

1251  to  2500 

2500  to  5000 

5001  to  10,000.  .  . 
10,000  and  upward 

Total 


158 
162 
105 
50 
137 

12647 


160 
128 
121 
69 
167 

6680 


The  sugar  industry  is  rapidly  developing.  The  first  sugar  mill  was  established  in  the 
Province  of  Tucuman  in  1840.  At  present  there  are  38  mills,  27  in  the  Province  of  Tucu- 
man,  3  in  Jujuy,  3  in  the  Territory  of  Chaco,  2  in  Santa  Fd  and  1  each  in  Salta,  Corrientes 
and  Formosa.  The  total  amount  of  cane  handled  in  1913  was  3,131,018  tons,  of  which 
2,611,114  tons  was  handled  by  the  mills  in  Tucuman,  399,790  tons  by  those  in  Jujuy, 
65,170  tons  by  those  in  the  Chaco,  27,008  tons  by  those  in  Santa  F6,  19,026  tons  by  those  in 
Salta,  7,108  tons  by  those  in  Corrientes  and  928  tons  by  those  in  Formosa.  The  total 
amount  of  sugar  produced  in  that  year  was  276,140  tons.  The  total  land  under  cultivation 
to  sugar  amounts  to  250,000  acres  of  which  approximately  85  per  cent,  are  located  in  Tucu- 
man, 9  per  cent,  in  Jujuy  and  the  rest  is  scattered. 

The  principal  forest  resources  of  Argentina  are  in  the  Provinces  of  Santa  F6,  Santiago 
del  Estero,  C6rdoba  and  Tucuman,  and  in  the  Territory  of  Chaco.  Rich  timber  lands 
also  exist  in  western  and  southern  Patagonia,  which  cover  relatively  large  areas.  The 
quebracho  is  the  most  valuable  tree  found;  it  has  been  used  extensively  for  railway  sleepers 
and  ties,  and  for  the  extraction  of  tannin.  In  former  years  Great  Britain  purchivsed  the 
largest  amount  of  quebracho  extract,  but  the  United  States  has  gradually  replaced  her  as 
a  purchaser.    In  June,  1917  the  United  States  purchased  8,224,380  pounds;  Great  Britain 


ARGENTINA 


117 


5,782,966  pounds;  France,  5,663,660  pounds;  Norway,  2,425,062  pounds;  Italy,  2,262,698 
pounds;  Spain,  44,092  pounds.  Exports  of  quebracho  extract  and  quebracho  logs  during 
recent  years  are  shown  by  the  following  table:  (amounts  in  Argentine  gold  pesos,  or  oro 
sellado,  1  peso  equals  $0.9648  United  States  currency) : 


Quobracho  Extract 

Quebracho  Logs 

Yean 

Tons 

Gold  Pesos 

Tons 

Gold  Pesos 

1901    

4,310 
30,839 
68.431 
74,910 
79,684 
80,153 
100.213 

431,000 
2,162,9.50 
4.980,027 
4,836,860 
4,974,687 
5,186,946 
15,873,372 

198,920 
230,100 
438,219 
279,342 
383,964 
291,942 
209,679 

1,989,200 
3,425,101 
6,897,435 
3,568,557 
4,988,349 
3,777,124 
2,684,408 

1906              

1911      

1912 

1913        

1914              

1915 

Petroleum  production  is  increasing  in  Argentina,  largely  because  of  the  coal  shortage 
incident  to  the  war.  There  are  four  regions  in  which  petroleum  is  known  to  occur  as  follows : 
at  Comodoro  Rivadavia,  located  in  the  vicinity  of  the  Atlantic  port  of  that  name  about  850 
miles  south  of  Buenos  Aires;  the  Salta  Jujuy  field  in  northwestern  Argentina  in  the  provinces 
of  those  names;  the  Cachueta  field  a  few  miles  south  of  Mendoza,  and  the  Mendoza-Neu- 
quen  field  600-800  miles  southwest  of  Buenos  Aires.  The  chief  field  at  present  worked  is 
that  at  Comodoro  Rivadavia,  which  in  1916  yielded  820,000  barrels.  The  yield  in  this 
field  since  the  inception  of  operations  in  1907  has  been  as  follows:  1907,  101  barrels*  1908 
11,472  barrels;  1909,  18,431  barrels;  1910,  20,753  barrels;  1911,  13,119  barrels;  1912,  47,007 
barrels,  1916,  820,000  barrels. 

Of  other  minerals,  tungsten,  gold,  copper,  borax  and  wolfram  have  been  the  most 
important  developed. 

The  total  mineral  exports  from  Argentina  in  the  ten  years  from  1908-1918  were  less 
than  $2,880,000.  The  total  gold  production  from  1909  to  1913,  inclusive,  was  estimated 
at  $832,400.  Copper  exists  in  the  Andean  ridges,  sulphur  in  Mendoza,  coal  in  Mendoza, 
Neuquen  and  Patagonia,  tungsten  in  San  Luis,  San  Juan  and  La  Roja. 

Although  Argentina  is  engaged  primiarily  in  pastoral  and  agricultural  industries, 
rather  than  manufactures,  manufacturing  has  developed  moderately,  as  the  following  table 
indicates : 


Kind  of  Industry 


Meat  packing  houses 

Flour  mills 

Svigar  refineries 

Preparation  of  wine 

Bakeries 

Foundries  and  metal  works.  .... 

C  igarette  factories 

jDairies,  cheese  factories,  etc 

Tailors 

Leather  shoes 

Saw  nulls ..!..!.!. 

Extracts  of  tannin  and  preparation 

of  firewood 

Jute  and  cotton  sacics.  ........... 

Uthographers  and  printers 

Breweries... 


Number 
of  Efltab- 
lishments 


13 

401 

44 

4,317 

3,242 

1,177 

55 

8,161 

3,085 

231 

305 

493 
24 

938 
29 


Capital 
Invested 


$39,521,561 
36.878,953 
51,055,362 
77,658,543 
13,364,840 
25.389,184 
13,.'>.52,383 
42.833,791 
14,365,803 
9,126.084 
8,940,018 

33,212,346 

8,970.475 

12,338,093 

13,702,876 


Total 
Production 


$114,004,927 
63,282,112 
59.754,304 
36,248,745 
34,709,770 
24,987,634 
22,471.474 
22,439,534 
21,554.202 
20.884,830 
19,220,005 

17,778.903 
16,200,4«)6 
15.409,435 
15,163,839 


Raw 

Horse- 

Material 

power 

Consumed 

used 

$98,109,228 

24,287 

52,038,119 

26,531 

34,438,136 

57,511 

17.449,659 

14,651 

19.236,188 

6,514 

12,851,834 

14,161 

6,553,601 

1,191 

12,.565,114 

3,317 

14,750,637 

34 

11,800,976 

2,. 388 

14,059,505 

13,514 

12,874 
1,248 

13,739,672 

5,380,739 

2.985 

3,366,630 

8.680 

Number 
of  Persons 
Employed 


14.867 

4.909 

14.685 

16,362 

27,105 

16,109 

4.295 

28.589 

21.380 

12.869 

7,378 

19,616 
1,808 

11.491 
2.509 


t 


(Continued  on  page  118) 


: 


III! 


118 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Table — Cmtinued: 


Kind  of  Industry 


No. 


Capital 


Production 


Raw 
Material 


H.  P. 


No.  Em- 
ployees 


Carpentry,    painting    and    horse- 
shoeing   

Liquors 

Tanneries 

Woodworking 

Cotton  and  woolen  mills 

Furniture,  trunks,  and  tapestry .  .  . 

Leather  goods 

Brick  kilns 

Preparation  of  herva  mattfi 

Soap  factories 

Clothing,  etc 

Chocolate  and  candy 

Wagons  and  carriages 

Macaroni  and  pastes 

Ice  and  aerated  waters 

Rope  and  cloth  shoes 

Match  factories 

Crackers  and  cakes 

Jewelry,  watches,  etc 

Hats 

Paper  and  cardboard  mills 

Alcohol 

Dressmakers 

Tinsmiths,  etc 

Preparing  and  refining  oil 

Fishing 

Coffee  roasters,  etc 

Cigars  and  tobacco 

Confectionery 

Glass  factories 

Gas  fitters,  etc 

Cleaners  and  dyers 

Artistic  iron  work 

Petroleum  refineries 

Washing  wool 

Ore  smelting 

Preparation  of  salted  hides 

Construction  companies 

Paving  companies 

Light  and  power  companies 

Grain  elevators 

Other 


4,681 
326 
189 
736 

81 

1,058 

986 

953 

31 
294 
448 
299 
1,270 
332 
742 
241 

16 
207 
769 

92 

11 
187 
574 
974 

22 
4 

54 
179 
185 

16 
353 
124 

35 
1 

10 

29 

8 

197 

14 
305 

19 
6,971 

48,779 


9,970,046 
8,984,383 
8,396,155 
4,843,097 
9,155,267 
9,242,590 
5,349,305 
7,545,538 
3,137,775 
4,111,091 
5,698.993 
4,672,106 
6,437.754 
4,601,288 
7,973,585 
3,714,781 

975.163 
2,800,278 
4,198,454 
2,671,231 
4,922,945 
3,935,447 
2,474,434 
1,930,730 
1,759,411 
1,957,295 
1,537,225 
1,579.330 
1,493,698 
2,479,875 
3,215,845 
1,478,283 

978,308 
3,187,500 

673,731 

8,741,770 

68,425 

10,587,395 

3,853,914 

127,785,724 

8,641,962 

47,173.084 


$759,756,475 


15,150,120 
13,775,247 
13,655,719 
12,503,539 
10,722,594 
9,771,501 
9,746,658 
9,383,312 
9,328,448 
9,123,774 
8,772,495 
8,761,916 
8,519,805 
8,261,764 
7,290,569 
7,133,657 
5,951,700 
4.451.572 
4,098,250 
3,662,194 
3,616,611 
3,364,134 
3,300,508 
2,878,153 
2,750,706 
2,416,961 
2,300,725 
2,162,705 
2,024,445 
1,807.950 
1,803,173 
1,455,873 
1,434,744 
1,062,500 
1,038,545 
744,987 
209.950 

'  5,397,766 


62,847,327 
$791,260,627 


6,257,618 

7,621,173 

8,933.491 

6,674,605 

5,993,741 

3,798,159 

5,968,603 

2,126.196 

5.327.953 

6,340.394 

4,420,091 

6,108,327 

3,698,430 

5,792,369 

2,772,847 

3,892,221 

1,508,819 

2,369,431 

1,922,813 

1,825,152 

1,914,971 

128,775 

1,110,719 

1,053,603 

1,987,128 

10,625 

1.642,618 

1,111,775 

1,126,378 

537,838 

702,638 

201,358 

622.541 

637.500 

748,256 

4.260 

169.788 


3,056,876 


33,614,817 


$461,881,333 


3.970 

1,518 

5,416 

6,906 

5,887 

2,206 

326 

2,090 

1,128 

964 

657 

2,337 

3,882 

4,216 

7,965 

1,097 

610 

588 

43 

1,298 

10,860 

1.456 

16 

133 

969 

17 

191 

96 

113 

269 

26 

1,031 

242 

266 

886 

797 

66 

666 

140 

391,969 

6,137 

18,479 

678,767 


18.464 

3,036 

3,474 

6,903 

8,384 

8,101 

5,497 

10,485 

1.051 

2.092 

4.986 

3.854 

8,291 

3.880 

3,864 

4,764 

3,094 

2,062 

2,231 

2,362 

1,901 

1,133 

3.754 

3,071 

468 

278 

617 

2.826 

1.866 

2.136 

2.321 

1.641 

827 

220 

265 

793 

46 

7,664 

1.932 

9.916 

1,666 

48,093 

410.201 


There  were  in  addition,  71  telephone  companies,  capitalized  at  $2,085,017,  employing 
4,494  persons;  143  banks,  capitalized  at  $217,332,260,  employing  10,834  persons;  85  insur- 
ance companies,  capitalized  at  $17,103,633,  employing  1,549  persons. 

Shipping  and  Navigation: 

In  1916  the  registered  shipping  consisted  of  238  steamers  over  100  tons,  of  181,929 

tons. 

Railways: 

In  December,  1917,  there  were  approximately  22,500  miles  of  railway  open  for  traflBc 
in  Argentina,  of  which  some  3,819  miles  belonged  to  the  state. 

The  valuation  of  the  privately  owned  railways  is  placed  at  $1,171,052,360;  that  of 
the  state  owned  lines,  $146,880,000.  The  investment  of  Great  Britain  in  the  privately 
owned  lines  amounts  to  $960,000,000.  There  were,  in  December,  1915,  7,086  locomotives, 
6,279  passenger  train  cars,  and  161,669  freight  cars  in  service  on  all  lines  throughout  the 
republic.  The  passenger  density  at  Buenos  Aires  may  be  gauged  by  the  fact  that  approxi- 
mately 500  outboimd  passenger  trains  leave  the  city  daily.  Argentine  is  the  ninth  country 
of  the  world  in  respect  to  railway  development. 


ARGENTINA 


119 


The  following  table  shows  the  quantity  of  roUing  stock  owned  by  each  of  the  large 
companies  in  1913,  the  la.st  pre-war  year: 


Railroads 


Locomotives 


Passenger 
Cars 


Freight 

and  other 

Cars 


Total 


Central  Argentine 

Buenos  Aires  Great  Southern 

Buenos  Aires  Pacific 

Buenos  Aires  Western 

Cordoba  Central 

Central  Norte 

Province  of  Santa  Fe 

Province  of  Buenos.Aires  General  Railroad 

Entre  Rios 

Argentine  del  Norte 

Argentine  Northeastern 

Rosario  Puerto  Belgrano 

Buenos  Aires  Central 

La  Plata  &  Meridiano  Quinto 

Buenos  Aires  Midland 

Central  Railway  of  Ch&but 

Total 


620 

627 

742 

327 

267 

387 

160 

104 

84 

66 

68 

44 

38 

21 

34 

6 


3,595 


651 

786 

409 

348 

323 

206 

147 

98 

94 

100 

74 

28 

25 

25 

33 

7 


3,354 


31,233 

15,200 

12,651 

9,747 

6,960 

6,537 

5,604 

2,566 

2,168 

1,829 

1,136 

1,094 

1,016 

923 

869 

86 

89,619 


22,504 

16,613 

13,802 

10,422 

7,550 

7,130 

6,911 

2,768 

2,346 

1,995 

1,278 

1,166 

1.079 

969 

936 

99 

96,568 


Money,  Weights  and  Measures: 

The  peso  nacional  or  dollar  of  100  centavos  is  the  monetary  unit.  The  gold  peso 
has  a  par  value  of  $0,965  in  U.  S.  currency.  Theoretically,  gold  is  the  standard  of  value. 
The  money  in  circulation  is,  however,  chiefly  paper,  the  paper  peso  being  convertible  by 
law  into  gold  at  the  rate  of  $0.44  gold.  During  the  war  conversion  of  paper  was  suspended. 
The  paper  money  is  known  as  moneda  nacional,  and  is  designated  thus:  $  M.  N.  The 
theoretical  gold  peso  is  known  as  oro  sellado  and  is  designated  thus  $  O.  S.  Silver  dollars 
are  coined,  and  there  is  a  subsidiary  coinage  of  20,  10  and  5  centavo  nickel  coins,  and 
fractional  copper  coins. 

The  metric  system  has  been  legally  obUgatory  since  1887. 

Consular  Representatives: 

United  States  Consular  officials  are  stationed  m  Buenos  Aires  and  Rosario. 

Argentina  consular  officials  are  stationed  at  Mobile,  Los  Angeles,  San  Francisco, 
Apalachicola,  Femandina,  Pensacola,  Brunswick,  Savannah,  Chicago,  New  Orleans   Pori^ 
land,  Baltimore,  Boston,  Pascagoula,  St.  Louis,  New  York  City,  Philadelphia,  Manila 
San  Juan  (P.  R.),  Port  Arthur,  Newport  News,  and  Norfolk  (Va.)  ' 

Language:  Spanish. 

Local  Advertising  Media: 

There  are  in  Argentina  between  425  and  475  publications  regularly  issued,  whose  cir- 
oulations  range  from  a  few  thousand  to  over  100,000.  With  the  exception  of  the  newspapers, 
practically  all  of  those  are  published  in  Buenos  Aires.  As  advertising  media,  however,  ther^ 
need  be  considered  only  about  ten  newspapers  in  Buenos  Aires  and  four  principal  dailies 
n.  the  largest  cities  in  the  interior,  some  ten  general  magazines,  about  thirty  trade  and 
professional  reviews,  an  English  daily  and  an  English  weekly.  Extensively  used  media 
are  posters  and  signs  in  railway  stations,  also  billboards  and  electric  signs. 


120 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN   MARKETS 


Shipping  Routes: 

Lamport  and  Holt  Line. 

Norton  Line. 

Barber  Steamship  Lines. 

Houston  Line.  • 

Prince  Line. 

American  and  Rio  Plata  Line. 

New  York  and  South  American  Line. 

Wilhelmson  Steamship  Line  (Kerr  Steamship  Co.,  Inc.) 

Customs  Tariff: 

»„H  Jk  ^  m'*w  *!'"'^,P™"<J«  ^P«'=ifi<:  <l"ties  only  upon  articles  of  food  and  drink  tobacco 
and  a  bnef  Ust  of  miscdlaneous  articles.    Ad  valorem  duties  based,  not  on  the  dec U^  vZ 

vlrious'::^';^::  "  ""°"  *''""•  ""  "^"^  °°  ""  "''"  ""<='-•    T"-  -  ^ 

Consular  Regulations: 

Three  copies  of  the  bills  of  lading  signed  by  the  steamship  company  must  be  presented 
to  the  consul  for  certification.     A  copy  of  the  certificate  of  origin,  which  must  aTsoT^rt. 

thfir'  °°T":^  ■""'*  "^  P'^"*"''  *°  *''«  <">"="'  "<"  ''''<''  than  the  diy  preceding 
the  sadmg  of  the  steamer.  Packages  may  be  marked  with  either  a  stencil  or  a  brush 
Sh,ppmg  mark,  number  and  name  of  the  steamer  should  be  marked  on  two  adjacent  s"dt 
of  the  package  The  consul  charges  $2.10  for  the  certification  of  elchit  of  ttel 
biUs  of  ladmg  and  certificate  of  origin.  Certification  of  each  extra  bill  of  iZZm  ^^ 
Cert.ficat.on  of  parcels  receipts  costs  10.50.  Certification  of  health  certificate  Ci.Sfn 
meat  and  vegetable  products,  seeds,  ete.,  costs  $2.00.  "=quirea  on 

Cable  Rates:  From  New  York  City,  $0.50  per  word. 
Postal  Rates:  Postal  Union  rates. 
Mail  Time:  About  25  days  by  direct  steamer. 
Parcel  Post: 

Parcel  post  service  extends  to  Argentina.     Catalogues  should  not  be  sent  parcels  post 
Rates,  $0.12  ,.r  pound  or  fraction  thereof.     Limit  of  weight,  U  pounds.    tZ^S^ 
the  customs  declaration  must  be  attached  to  each  package.     A  delivery  charge  or  surt7. 
of  0.30  peso  (29  cents)  is  collected  on  all  packages.     Packages  cannoll^ r^Z 

Money  Orders:  Not  issued. 
International  Reply  Coupons:  Valid. 


BOLIVIA 


121 


N 

i 


i 


200 


300 


.^00 


500 


BOLIVIA 

An  inland  republic  of  South  America  bounded  by  Brazil,  Peru,  Chile,  Argentina  and 
^araguay.  In  area  it  is  about  twice  the  size  of  Texas.  The  capital  and  principal  city. 
^  Paz,  18  approxunately  the  size  of  Savannah,  Georgia. 

TnJ^^^^  *^^  exception  of  a  very  smaU  comer  in  the  extreme  south,  BoUvia  lies  within  the 
orna  zone.    But  its  climate  is  not  tropical,  owing  to  the  great  altitude  of  the  country. 
WpI^'Tk      .  PoP^ation  Uves  at  an  altitude  of  from  8,000  to  16,000  feet  above  sea 

ievei.     1  he  wmter  months  are  from  March  to  October. 

The  principal  industry  of  BoUvia  is  mining,  and  the  chief  mineral  products  are  tin, 
LnlT'^^^'"'  tungsten,  silver  and  bismuth,  of  which  latter  Bolivia  is  the  world's  most 
of  On,  ^^T  ""^  ^"PP^^-  ^^  principal  mines  are  located  in  the  vicinity  of  the  cities 
shinr^V^  r^^^'  ^"^^^  ^  ^^  important  product  of  the  Beni  district,  and  is  largely 
citv  nf  ♦K  u?''^^*''*'"^™'  """^  *^®  Madeira-Mamore  RaUway  into  Brazil.  The  principal 
is  an  ^ '''^^'"  ^*"^*  ^  RTberalta.  The  district  surrounding  the  city  of  Cochabamba 
important  agricultural  center,  producing  wheat,  corn,  and  fruits.    The  southeastern 


1 


122 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


BOLIVIA 


portion  of  Bolivia,  although  sparsely  populated,  is  destined  to  become  an  important  cattle- 
raising  country. 

The  principal  commercial  center  of  the  country  is  the  city  of  La  Paz.  Bolivia  may  be 
reached  from  the  ports  of  Mollendo,  or  Arica,  in  Peru  and  Antofagasta  in  Chili.  From 
MoUendo  the  distance  to  La  Paz  is  some  520  miles,  and  the  trip  takes  a  little  less  than  two 
days,  including  an  overnight  trip  by  boat  across  Lake  Titicaca,  the  highest  inland  sea  in 
the  world.  The  distance  from  Arica  to  La  Paz,  the  shortest  route  from  the  Pacific,  is  278 
miles,  and  the  trip  takes  from  eighteen  to  twenty  hours,  direct  railway  connections  being 
maintained  between  the  two  cities.  La  Paz  is  711  miles  by  rail  from  Antofagasta,  and 
through  trains  are  operated  to  Oruro,  where  a  change  is  made  for  La  Paz.  La  Paz  will 
eventually  have  direct  railroad  communication  with  Buenos  Aires;  about  125  miles  of  line 
remain  to  be  built  to  link  the  cities.  The  journey  at  present  requires  a  week.  The  route 
to  Bolivia  via  the  Amazon  and  Maderia  Rivers  from  the  Atlantic  coast  to  Brazil  is  not 
practicable  for  the  traveller,  since  long  distances  must  be  covered  by  mule. 

The  per  capita  imports  of  Bolivia  in  1918  amounted  to  $6.50,  and  it  is  estimated  that 
the  United  States  was  the  source  of  37  per  cent,  of  the  total  imports  of  that  year.  Per 
capita  exports  in  the  same  year  amounted  to  $34.00,  and  it  is  estimated  that  the  United 
States  took  41  per  cent,  of  the  total  exports  of  that  year. 

Area  and  Population 
The  area  of  BoUvia  is  estimated  at  from  473,560  to  704,195  square  miles.  It  is  the 
most  sparsely  populated  of  any  of  the  American  republics.  The  total  population  (estimated 
1916)  is  2,093,925.  The  capital  of  the  RepubUc  of  Bohvia,  in  so  far  as  the  seat  of  govern- 
ment action  is  concerned,  is  La  Paz,  which  has  a  population  of  82,000.  The  next  city  in 
size  is  Cochabamba  with  30,000  inhabitants.  Sucre,  with  a  population  of  25,088  is  the 
legal  capital  of  the  republic.  Potosi,  one  of  the  highest  cities  in  the  world,  the  seat  of 
the  National  Supreme  Court  and  the  Archbishopric,  and  noted  for  its  silver  mines,  has  a 
population  of  25,000. 

The  following  table  gives  the  area  and  population  of  the  eight  Departments  and  the 
three  national  territories  of  Bolivia,  together  with  the  population  of  their  capitals,  which 
are  the  principal  cities  of  the  republic. 


Departments 

and 

Territories 

Area 

Population 

Capital 

Census  1900 

Estimated  1916 

Population 

La  Paz 

40,686 
25,288 
45,031 
144,941 
36,132 
31.567 
20.657 
95,354 

74,499 

445,616 
328,163 
325,615 
209,592 
204,434 
102,887 
86,081 
32.180 

10.000 

517,316 
366.395 
395.738 
210.000 
240.720 
102.887 
160.000 
35.816 

65.053 

Ta  Pa« 

Cochabamba 

Potosi 

Santa  Crui 

Sucre 

Tarija 

Oruro 

Trinidad 

82.000 
30.000 
2t  0Q2 

Cochabamba 

Potosi 

Santa  Crua 

22.002 
25.088 

8.376 
25.000 

5,152 

ChuQuisaca 

Tarija 

Oruro 

El  Beni 

Territorio    Nacional    de 
Cqlonias  del  Noroeste . 

Territorio     Nacional    de 
Colonias  del  Gran 
Chaco 

Delegacion   Nacional   en 
el  Oriente 

Totals 

514,155 

1,744,568 

2.093.925 

222.710 

In  1900  there  were  920,864  Indians,  (50.90  per  cent,  of  the  total  population),  486,018 
mixed,  (26.70  per  cent,  of  the  total),  3,945  negroes,  (0.21  per  cent,  of  the  total),  170,936 
unclassified,  (9.40  per  cent,  of  the  total),  and  231,088  whites,  (12.70  per  cent,  of  the  total). 


123 


Commerce 

The  value  of  the  total  foreign  trade  of  Bolivia  in  1918  was  $84,868,968;  imports  were 
valued  at  $13,649,956,  an  exports  at  $71,219,012. 

Value  of  the  total  foreign  trade  of  the  United  States  with  Bolivia  for  11  years: 


Year 
ended 

Exports 

Imports 

Per 

«ent. 

free 

Excess  of 
exports  (♦) 

of 
imports  (-) 

June 
30 

Domestic 

Foreign 

Total 

Free 

Dutiable 

Total 

1909 
1910 

$792,579 

603.721 

891.593 

991,255 

939,501 

1,143,792 

543,316 

1,287.596 

2.871,879 

3.516.054 

$112 

$792,691 

603,721 

891,024 

991,525 

940,744 

1,145,555 

550,600 

1,314,676 

2,925,530 

3.681,395 

6.731,916 

$16 

10 

210 

0.845 

12 

2 

$122 

179 

117 

39 

338 

68 

290 

517 

28,524 

1.140 

$138 
189 
327 

9,884 

850 

70 

290 

204,904 

44,161 

122,917 

700,253 

11.60 

5.29 

64.22 

99.61 

3.43 

2.86 

99.75 
35.41 
99.07 

^ 

♦$792,553 

♦603,532 

♦891,297 

"»981,641 

♦940,394 

♦1,145,485 

♦550,310 

♦1,109,772 

♦2,881,369 

♦3,458,478 

♦6,031,633 

1911 
1912 
1913 
1914 
1915 

31 

270 

1.243 

1,763 

7,284 

27,080 

53,651 

65,341 

1916 
1917 
1918 
1919 

204,387 

15,637 

121,777 

Value  of  the  total  foreign  trade  of  BoUvia  for  7  years: 


Year 

Imports 

Exports 

Total 

Year 

Imports 

Exports 

Total 

1912 
1913 
1914 
1915 

$19,308,506 
21,357,505 
15,506,876 
$8,804,081 

$35,147,964 
36,551,390 
25,662,447 

$37,132,037 

$54,456,470 
57,908,895 
41,169.323 

$45,936,118 

1916 
1917 
1918 

12,128,304 
13,057,524 
13,649.956 

39.579,072 
61,521.741 
71.219,012 

51,707,376 
74,579.265 
84,868,968 

Imports  by  countries  of  origin  for  six  years: 


1913 


1914 


1915 


Umted  States... 

Chile 

Peru .';    ■ 

United  Kingdom. 

Argentina 

BraiU ; 

France []][ 

Spain. . . 

Italy '.'.'..'.'. 

China '/'' 

Reljrium..]] 

Portugal ...."!;;; 

Uruguay.  , 

India '" 

Denmark 
^>ermany. 
Netherlands.""" 
Other  countries. . 


Total. 


1916 


1917 


1918® 


$1,577,200 

2,168,194 

1.180,045 

4,329.659 

1.286.734 

388,004 

802.664 

240,150 

508,248 

32,993 

881,163 

53,630 

28,916 

1,176 

7,'835.632' 
1.444 
41.113 


$21,367,505 


$1,808,333 

2,140,045 

1,114,845 

3,045,416 

1,006,137 

308,340 

412,754 

206,084 

297,677 

52,111 

899,466 

25,618 

16,083 

5,512 

'4,143,867" 


24,588 


Note 


$15,606,876 


$1,858,854 

1,315,562 

1,665,695 

4,417,333 

575,589 

324,433 

165,592 

95,864 

239,828 

54,961 

360,495 

3,320 

4,218 

65,736 

18,880 

419,551 

208,157 

10,013 


$8,804,081 


$3,663,971 

2,488,451 

1,667,566 

1,617,029 

824,434 

374,567 

246,428 

173,409 

180,184 

49,137 

648,261 

10,769 

11,310 

50,357 

33,607 

14,829 

23,306 

60,689 


$12,128,304 


$4,355,285 

3,074,451 

1,743,286 

1,583,921 

841,384 

456,625 

286,400 

239,440 

164,808 

121,785 

37,610 

21,080 

19,146 

13,197 

10,138 

5,969 

5,926 

77,073 


$5,100,000 


1,600,000 


250,000 
250,000 


:  ®  Values  of  import*  from  principal  countries  in  1918  are  estimated. 


$13,057,524 


$13,649,956 


124 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


;     i 


Exports  by  countries  of  destination  for  six  j'ears: 


1913 

1914 

1915 

1916 

1917 

1918 

United  Kingdom 

United  States 

$29,548,088 

218,195 

230,302 

1,783,017 

356,400 

12,722 

38.273 

5,319 

802 

239 

3,109,758 

1,237,172 

11,103 

$20,255,138 

956,476 

483,774 

1.036,425 

345,344 

395,199 

5,009 

391 

3,715 

2,193 

1,439,078 

736,189 

3,116 

$25,988,368 

9,757.058 

291.418 

318,749 

364.971 

30,912 

9,391 

64,774 

51,991 

29,392 

25,013 

$25,746,341 

11,268,692 

893,()11 

426,520 

948,192 

80,852 

26,751 

178,836 

6,299 

468 

$35,225,550 

22,193,030 

1,187,541 

1,672.630 

944,880 

129,073 

81,154 

77,234 

6,738 

864 

$29,634,231 

35.502.677 

1,075.407 

113,950 

3,731.876 

199.413 

© 
868.872 

Chile 

France 

Argentina 

Peru 

Uruguay 

Brazil 

Spain 

Italy 

© 

Germany 

Belgium 

Other  countries 

2.510 

3.047 

92.586 

Total 

$36,551,390 

$25,662,447 

$37,132,037 

$39,579,072 

$61,521,741 

$71,219,012 

Note:   ©  Included  in  other  countries. 

The  principal  exports  of  Bolivia  are  tin,  ore,  rubber,  silver,  copper  ore,  bismuth,  coca, 
wolfram,  zinc,  cattle  hides  and  lead  ore.  The  principal  imports  are  iron  and  steel  products, 
machinery,  arms  and  ammunition,  coal,  railway  supphes,  textiles,  (cotton  and  wool),  silk 
goods,  ready-made  clothes,  provisions,  sugar,  flour,  aerated  waters  and  wines. 

Although  the  country  has  no  coast  line,  and  therefore  no  seaports,  it  is  easily  reached 
by  three  routes  on  the  Pacific.  The  first  of  these  is  from  Arica,  Chile,  to  La  Paz  (274  miles), 
by  railway,  which  is  by  far  the  shortest  and  quickest  route.  From  MoUendo,  Peru,  by 
rail  to  Puno,  thence  to  Guaqui,  Bohvia  across  Lake  Titicaca,  and  from  Guaqui  to  La  Paz 
by  rail,  makes  a  total  distance  of  525  miles.  The  third  route  is  from  Antofagasta,  Chile, 
to  La  Paz,  BoHvia,  covering  a  distance  of  719  miles.  The  country  may  also  be  reached  from 
the  Atlantic  Ocean  by  steamers  from  Para  up  the  Amazon  and  Madeira  Rivers  and  the 
Mamore-Madeira  Railway  to  Villa  Bella,  a  distance  of  2,152  miles. 

Production  and  Industry  ' 

There  are  about  5,000,000  acres  under  cultivation.  Wheat,  corn,  barley  and  potatoes 
are  grown  for  domestic  consumption,  but  agriculture  in  general  is  in  a  backward  condition, 
due  in  part  to  the  poverty  and  ignorance  of  a  large  majority  of  the  population,  and  to  the 
prevailing  antiquated  methods  pursued.  Coca,  quina  are  exported  to  Argentine  and  Chile; 
cocoa  and  coffee,  grown  near  La  Paz  and  especially  Cochabamba,  which  is  the  center  of  the 
agricultural  district,  are  to  some  extent  exported. 

Bolivia  is  second  to  Brazil  in  point  of  rubber  production  in  South  America.  It  is 
produced  in  the  Departments  of  Beni,  Santa  Cruz,  parts  of  La  Paz  and  Cochabamba,  and 
in  the  national  territories.  In  1918,  5,843,213,260  kilograms  of  rubber  were  exported.  The 
mineral  deposits  of  Bohvia,  the  source  of  the  country's  greatest  wealth,  are  abundant, 
including  silver,  tin,  copper,  bismuth, lead,  molybedenum,  wolfram  and  tungsten.  The  total 
value  of  mineral  production  for  six  years  is  shown  by  the  following  table: 


1910 

1911 

1912 


$18,236,542 

1913 

23,948,862 

1914 

27,GS9.68-> 

1915 

$30,964,855 
20.579.613 
29,762,966 


Bolivia  produces  one-quarter  of  the  world's  output  of  tin,  being,  next  to  the  Malay 
Peninsula,  the  largest  single  producer  of  tin.  Statistics  of  tin  pro<luction  for  six  years,  in 
metric  tons  (metric  ton  equals  2,205  pounds)  follow: 


BOLIVIA 


125 


Years 


Metric  Tons 


Value 


Years 


Metric  Tons 


Value 


1910. 
1911. 
1912. 


38,548 
37,073 
38.614 


$14,399,415 
20,482.415 
23.438,985 


1913. 
1914. 
1915. 


44,595 
37,260 
39.312 


$26,375,245 
16,529.120 
19.268.860 


Copper,  produced  chiefly  in  the  Cocoro  district,  yielded  23,820  tons  in  1915.  Exports 
of  other  minerals  in  the  same  year  were  tungsten,  793  tons;  antimony,  17,923  tons;  lead, 
2,208  tons;  zinc,  104  tons;  bismuth  (a  government  monopoly)  658  tons,  valued  at  $1,071,125'. 

Salt  is  found  in  southern  Bolivia,  and  petroleum  in  large  quantities  has  been  found,  but 
as  yet  undeveloped.  Bohvia  has  made  httle  progress  in  manufacturing.  Breweries  are 
operatmg  in  La  Paz  and  Sucre,  and  there  is  a  national  match  factory.  Flour  mills  are  at 
Cochabamba  and  a  shoe  factory  at  Oruro;  numerous  small  industries  are  found  in  each  of 
the  larger  cities. 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures: 

Bolivia  has  adopted  the  gold  standard,  but  does  not  coin  her  own  gold.  English  and 
Peruvian  gold  pounds  are  legal  currency.  The  Banco  Nacional  de  Bohvia  issues  paper 
notes  of  1,  5  10,  20,  50,  and  100  bolivianos  (equivalent  to  $0.39);  the  conversion  rat^  is 
legally  estabhshed,  12.50  bohvianos  being  equivalent  to  1  pound.  The  boliviano  is  divided 
into  100  centavos,  and  silver  20  and  50  centavos  pieces  are  minted. 
Language:  Spanish. 

Local  Advertising  Media: 

thirt'^^^'^  ^"^  ^'^^*  ^^'^^  '"^  ^^  ^^"^  ^""^  ^^''^''^^  weeklies.    In  other  towns  there  are  about 
Shipping  Routes: 

As  Bolivia  has  no  seacoast,  shipments  are  made  via  ports  in  Chile,  Peru,  BrazU  and 
Argentma.    For  details  see  under  those  countries. 
Railroads: 

tion.^^'  railways  of  Bohvia  are  1354  miles  in  length;  there  are  275  miles  under  construc- 
Customs  Tariff: 

at  a  l^^/'^^^'^\^^f^^^^^^^^^^  a  valuation  for  some  3,500  articles,  duty  being  assessed 
at  a  fixed  per  cent,  of  the  estabhshed  valuation.  s  «>»  »»«u 


Advertising  matter  carried  by  travellers  is  taxed  as  follows: 


On  pasteboard,  tin.  brass. . . . 


$0.15  per  pound 
0.03     " 


Those  with  colored  cuts 

Any  advertisements  in  frames  of 
wood  or  pasteboard 


$0,046  per  pound 
0.076     " 


Consular  Regulations: 

mente  "ir  B.r''-  ^'T'^'  ^'^'"^^"  ^'  Argentine  consular  documents  are  required  for  ship- 
Spanth     Fn^r*  "^'"^   ''"'"^"'    ^^""^^^^    "^    ^^«^^^^^    ^"^    must  be    made  fn 

shipment   vkPe'nrr''  "7'"'""'^  ^^'  '^^'^''''  ^'^  ^^^^"*^^^'  ^^^-^'  ^"^  Chile;  five  for 
Certification  of  .n^"  i^^P'"^?^  »"^«^«^  ««st  $1.00  per  set  of  five  and  $1.20  per  set  of  six. 

«80   Lr  Z^    r        Lr. '"'  ''''''  ^^-^^  ^""^  ''^'^  ''^  ^'^  «»^iP"^^^t«  ^'-^I^^d  at  less  than 

Coriificattn  of  exir'  ^  '  ^'J ^'^"'','  ^^  ''''''  "^  *^^  ^^^""^  ''^"^^  ^"  ^^e  consular  invoice. 

for  Bo^virL  '^^^^^  cop.es  of  consular  invoices  costs  $1.00  per  copy.     Consular  invoices 

i^ouvia  must  state  the  Custom  House  destination  if  thei-e  is  no  Custom  House  at  the 


126 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


BRAZIL 


127 


place  of  consignment.  Packages  should  be  marked  "En  transito  a  Bolivia"  (in  transit  to 
Bolivia),  to  avoid  payment  of  double  duty.  Customs  house  clearance  must  be  submitted 
with  bills  of  lading  and  consular  invoices;  as  must  the  manufacturers  original  biUs  as  a  con- 
firmation of  value  declared  in  the  consular  invoices.  Consular  invoices  must  bear  the  name 
of  both  the  consignee  at  port  of  transhipment,  and  consignee  at  point  of  final  destination. 
The  consul  keeps  no  copy  of  the  bill  of  lading,  but  four  copies  of  consular  invoice  are 
required  for  shipment  via  Argentina,  Brazil  and  Chile,  and  five  copies  for  shipment  via 
Peru.  Packages  must  be  marked  with  a  stencil  for  shipment  via  Chile,  and  with  either 
stencil  or  brush  for  shipment  via  Argentina,  Brazil  or  Peru. 

Consular  Representatives: 

The  United  States  has  a  consul  and  vice-consul  at  La  Paz.    Bolivia  has  consular 
representatives  in  New  York,  Chicago,  Baltimore,  New  Orleans,  Mobile,    Los  Angeles, 
San  Diego,  San  Francisco,  Boston,  Kansas  City,  Philadelphia,  Norfolk  and  Seattle. 
Cable  Rates:  Fifty  cents  per  word  from  New  York  or  New  England  states. 
Postal  Rate:  Postal  Union  rates. 
Postal  Time:  Varies;  service  through  other  countries. 

Parcels  Post: 

Service  extends  to  Bolivia:    Limit  of  weight,  11  pounds.    Prohibitions:  Arms  and 
ammunition;  tobacco;  plants  in  baskets;  gold  and  silver  and  jewels,  nickel  or  silver  coins. 

International  Reply  Coupons:  Not  issued. 
Money  Orders:  Issued. 


BRAZIL 

ChUe*  '^ff  11°  ^  ^'^^  *"*""*  "^""^^  ^^  *"  «>«  ^""'  American  countries  except 
Uni^  sLfi  fiJ  largest  country  in  the  world,  its  area  being  greater  than  that  of  the 
shoreTin.  f         "i"^*  '^'^*'  """^  '''^•'  *^«»  the  size  of  France.    The  country  has 

the  ;ec3  i!^;'":"  9'"'^'"^  °'  I>«t~'*'  •'"t  «»»"»  than  Philadelphia.    Sao  Paulo. 
Kcond  largest  city,  is  approximately  the  same  size  as  Baltimore,  Md. 

are  iuTth.*"  '*"  gfograpWcal  position  on  and  south  of  the  equator  the  seasons  in  BrazU 

DecTber  ^m'^k      .°"  °^-    ^"'^  "  ^™"  September  to  December,  summer  from 
«^Der  to  March,  autumn  from  March  to  June,  and  winter  from  June  to  September 


128 


EXPORTERS  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


BRAZIL 


The  latitude  in  Brazil  has  little  to  do  with  the  climate.  Variation  in  altitude  is  re- 
sponsible for  a  wide  variation  in  temperature  between  two  places  in  the  same  latitude. 
At  a  given  altitude  midsummer  heat  is  as  great  in  any  part  of  Brazil  as  it  is  at  the  same 
altitude  at  a  point  near  the  equator.  The  winters  in  the  extreme  south  are,  in  general, 
colder  than  in  the  far  north. 

Unlike  Argentina,  Brazil  has  no  one  city  which  dominates  the  life  of  the  country  as 
does  Buenos  Aires.  Commercially,  Brazil  is  divided  into  three  regions;  the  region  of  the 
Amazon  in  the  north,  the  principal  city  being  Para;  the  central  region,  of  which  the  principal 
cities  are  Pernambuco  and  Bahia,  and  the  southern  region,  including  Rio  de  Janeiro,  Santos 
and  Porto  Alegre.  This  geographical  division  is  the  result,  not  only  of  the  tremendous 
area  of  the  country,  but  of  the  reliance  upon  steamship  service  between  many  of  the  coastal 
stations. 

Coffee  is  the  principal  product  of  Brazil.  The  country  is  rich  in  mineral  resources, 
which  are  beginning  to  be  extensively  exploited.  Cattle  raising  is  increasing  in  importance. 
The  principal  manufacturing  industry  is  the  weaving  of  textiles. 

The  per  capita  foreign  trade  amounted  in  1918  to  $23.63;  imports,  $10.52;  exports, 
$13.11.  The  United  States  supplied  35  per  cent,  of  the  imports  and  took  34  per  cent,  of  the 
exports. 

Area  and  Population 
The  estimated  population  of  Brazil  is  24,000,000;  its  density  is  estimated  at  2.8  per 
square  mile.    The  following  table  indicates  the  area  and  population  of  the  twenty  states. 
Federal  District,  and  Territory  of  Acre,  and  the  population  of  the  principal  cities: 


Alagdas 

Amazonas 

Bahia 

Cear6 

Espirito  Santo 

Goyaz 

Maranhao 

Matto  Grosso 

Minas  Geraes 

Pard 

Parahyba 

Parand 

Pernambuco 

Piauhy 

Rio  de  Janeiro 

Rio  Grande  do  Norte 
Rio  Grande  do  SuJ . . 
Santa  Catharina. . . . 

Sao  Paulo 

Sergipe 

Federal  District 

Acre  Territory 

Total 


Area 
Sq.  Miles 


22,583 

732,439 

164,643 

40,247 

17.312 

288,536 

177,561 

532.683 

221.951 

443.903 

28,854 

85,451 

49.573 

116,523 

26,634 

22,195 

91,333 

28,632 

112.307 

15,093 

538 

73,009 


3.292,000 


Population 


78.5,000 
387.000 

3,000,000 
886,000 
297,000 
280.000 
562.000 
142.000 

4,500.000 
568.000 
520,000 
406,000 

2,000,000 
400,000 
968,000 
279,000 

1,400,000 
353,000 

4,500.000 
413.000 

1,500,000 
154,000 


Cities 


Macei6 

Mandos 

Bahia  (Sfio  Salvador) 

Fortaleza 

Victoria 

Goyaz 

SSo  Luiz 

Cayaba 

Bello  Horizonte 

Bel6m  do  Para 

Parahyba 

Curityba 

Recife  (Pernambuco) .  .  .  . 

Therezina 

Nictheroy 

Natal 

Porto  Alegre 

Florianopolis  (Desterro) . . 

Sao  Paulo 

Aracajd 

Rio  de  Janeiro 

Rio  Branco 


Population 
of  the  Cities 


40.000 
60,000 

280,000 
50,000 
20,000 
16,000 
50,000 
20.000 
50,000 

200,000 
20,000 
50.000 

250.000 
50.000 
50,000 
20,000 

150,000 
30,000 

700,000 

30.000 

1.000,000 

5,000 


Commerce 

Brazil's  imports  for  the  first  six  months  of  1919  amounted  to  $168,746,750.  Exports 
for  the  same  period  totaled  $271,304,000.  The  total  foreign  trade  for  the  year  1919  may  be 
estunated  at  $858,687,000,  with  imports  valued  at  $337,493,500,  and  exports  valued  at 
$521,184,000. 

The  value  of  the  total  foreign  trade  of  Brazil  in  1918  was  $554,536,903.  Of  this,  the 
imports  were  valued  at  $250,954,705  and  exports  at  $297,582,198. 


129 


Value  of  the  total  foreign  trade  of  the  United  States  with  Brazil  for  eleven  years: 


Year 

Ended 

June 

30 

Exports 

Imports 

Per 

Cent. 
Free 

Excess    of 

Domestic 

Foreign 

Total 

Free 

Duitable 

Total 

Exports  (♦) 

or 
Imports  (-) 

1909 
1910 
1911 
1912 
1913 
1914 
1915 
1916 
1917 
1918 
1919 

$17,444,759 
22.764.183 
27,150,672 
34,587,050 
42.542.424 
29,843,018 
25,120,158 
39,684,916 
,55.817,510 
65,144.471 

$82,933 

133,707 

89,474 

91.031 

96.043 

120.896 

509.397 

887,281 

909,724 

1,125,575 

$15,527,692 
22,897.890 
27.240,146 
34,678,081 
42,638,467 
29,963,914 
25,629,555 
40,572,197 
56,727.234 
66.270.046 
93,294.275 

$97,261,855 
107,599,155 
100,457,075 
122,699,451 
120,027,140 
100,161,510 
96,910,776 
129,942.829 
146,776,155 
106,528.150 

$791,374 

555,336 

410.109 

1.182,193 

128,715 

1,167,563 

2,267,952 

2,721,1.55 

4,862,090 

6,983,798 

$98,053,229 
108.154.491 
100,867,184 
123,881,644 
120,155,855 
101,329.073 
99,178,728 
132,663,984 
151,638.245 
113,511.954 
125,283,480 

99.20 
99.49 
99.59 
99.05 
99.89 
98.85 
97.71 
97.95 
96.80 
93.85 

-$80,525,537 
-85.256,601 
-73,627,038 
-89,203,563 
-77.517,388 
-71,365,159 
-73,549,173 
-92,091,787 
-94,911,011 
-47,241,908 

-31,989.205 

Value  of  imports  from  countries  of  origin  for  six  months,  January  to  June,  1919: 


United  States. 
Great  Britain. 

Argentina 

India 

France 

Portugal 

Uruguay 

Sweden 

Italy 

Spam 

Norway 


Total. 


$89,727,250 

22,983,250 

19,878,750 

6,372,000 

5,851,250 

4,141,250 

12,444,250 

2,258,000 

2.092.000 

1.665,000 

1.232,000 


$168,646,000 


Valueof  exports  showing  principal  countries  of  destination  during  six  months  Januarv 
to  June,  1919:  '  ^ 


United  States. 

France 

Great  Britain . 

Uruguay 

Itely 

Belgium 

Argentina .... 

Denmark 

Spain . 


British  ports., 
Holland. 


Norway. 
Greece . . , 
Portugal . 
Sweden. , 


ToUl. 


$93,890,250 

77,161.250 

21.556,500 

12,444,250 

10,636,750 

9.736.500 

9,320.250 

6.737,750 

6.396,250 

3,040.500 

2,785.500 

2.572,250 

1,549,750 

1.411,000 

1,343,500 


$260,592,250 


Foreign  trade  of  Brazil  for  the  past  four  years  (values  in  United  States 


currency) : 


Year 


Imports 


Exports 


1916. 
1917. 
1918. 
1919. 


Increase,  1919  over  1918" 

Increase,  1918  over  1917 

increase.  1917  over  1916 


Note:  Estimate  based  on  statistics  for  six  months. 


Total 


$194,582,153 

214,460,915 

256,9.54,705 

♦337.292,000 

80,.373,295 

42.493,700 

19,878,762 


$272,853,201 
290,932,423 
297,582,198 
521,184,500 
223,602,302 
6,649,775 
18,079,222 


$467,435,354 
505,393,338 
554,536,903 
8.58,476,500 
303,939.597 
49,143,565 
37,957,984 


130 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


I  !^^ 

ii 


11  V 


Total  foreign  trade  of  Brazil  for  the  thirteen  preceding  years  (values  in  United  States 
currency) : 


Year 


Imports 


Exports 


1903 
1904 
1905 
1906 
1907 
1908 
1909 
1910 
1911 
1912 
1913 
1914 
1915 


$155,676,362 
164,628,163 
145.598,263 
149,871,832 
202,380,078 
181,526,923 
189,720.296 
228,436,205 
253,689,252 
358,316,897 
322,398,528 
157.318,890 
139.999.063 


$237,842,328 
248,436,873 
219,346,213 
255,894,492 
275,485,082 
225,854,995 
325,365,886 
209,712,303 
321,264,915 
304,438.158 
311,273,765 
210.274,332 
245,432,785 


I 


Distribution  of  imports  by  principal  classifications  for  1918: 


Articles 


Tons 


Live  animals 

Primary  Materials: 

Iron  and  steel 10  379 

Jute '.'.'.'.'.'.       8!216 


741 


Wool 

Woods '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 

Material  for  perfumery,  dyes,  etc !!!!!!!."!!!!."."!!!!! 

Briquettes,  coal  and  coke !."!!!!!!!!!'  65b',ii5' 

Cement 5l|715 

Pelts  and  skins I'loa 

All  other • 


Total, 


1; 


Manufactures: 

Of  cotton,  mixed  or  not .... 

Of  rubber 

Carriages  and  other  vehicles 

Of  Copper  and  alloys 

Of  iron  and  steel 

Of  wool,  mixed  or  not 

Of  linen,  mixed  or  not 

Earthenware,  porcelain  and  glass 

Engines,  machinery,  tools,  and  hardware 

Of  paper,  cardboard,  etc 

Chemicals,  drugs,  and  pharmaceutical  specialties 


Gasoline . 
Kerosene . 
Fuel  oil .  . 
All  other . 


Total, 


Tons 
20,475 
37,594 
10,055 


Food  products  and  forage: 

Beverages 

Wheat  flour 

Wheat 

Codfish 

Fruits 

Olive  oil 

DftlX •••••••••« 

Cattle  foods 

All  other 

Total 

Total  Imports.... 


•  ••>••.■•,.•••••«.,•••■■••■••■• 

•  •* •••• 

••••••••••• 

•  •••••■•.■a.  ••,,,,••■••■■•••••• 

•  •«••■•••••••••• ••••••••• 

•  ••••■••••••••» ••••■■•■• 


149,439 

297,605 

21,762 

5,082 

644 

70,777 

4,237 


•  •••••• 


Total 


$393,518,690 
412,464,996 
364,944,476 
405,766,324 
477,865,160 
407,381,918 
515,086.182 
438,148,508 
574.954,167 
662.705,055 
633,673,293 
367,693,222 
385,351.248 


Values 


$1,430,310 

2,228,170 
3,361,715 
2,038.435 
2.369,255 
7,107.765 

19.557.300 
2.807.105 
6.129,900 

22,087,100 


$67,686,745 


$22,296,295 
1.571.395 
2.286.550 
2.797.375 

14.191,205 
4,149.845 
2.053.030 
3.264,415 

16,000,985 
8.182,930 

11.641,945 

3,940.650 

4,193.630 

418.390 

17,932,390 


$114,921,030 


$9,189,985 

22.106,560 

25.171.510 

7.399.665 

1.790.320 

754.075 

1.975.190 

155.680 

4.373,635 


72,916,620 
$256,954,705 


BRAZIL 


131 


Importe  by  countries  of  origin  for  the  years  1913  to  1918,  inclusive;  (values  in  United 
States  currency) : 


Countries 


1913 


1914 


1915 


1916 


United  States ... 

United  Kingdom . 

Argentina 

France , 

Portugal 

India 

Italy 

Uruguay 

Newfoundland. . . 

Spain 

Sweden 

Norway 

Switserland 

Canada 

Denmark 

Germany 

Netherlands 

Belgium 

Austria-Hungary . 
Other  countries . . 

Mexico 

Japan 

ChUe 

China 

Paraguay 


1917 


1918 


$50,656,375 
68,894,824 
23,993.789, 
31.544.534+^ 
14.150.682  ' 
2.646.641 
11,213.152 
7,160,461 
3,777,511 
3,078,008 
1,412.038 
3,388,611 
3,796,888 
614,973 
386,601 
56,339,510 
3,403,710 
16,473,675 
4,867,063 
2,829,712 


$28,645,790 
37,675,180 
15,072,892 
12,030,611 
8,159.009 
1.697,.')0() 
6.466.312 
2,387,018 
3,175,287 
1.591,815 
767,481 
2,673,633 
1,263,138 
776,084 
343,276 
24,326,321 
1.346.624 
3,308,716 
1,643,038 
2,474,048 


$76,238,664 
39.667.479 
12,763,522 
6,917.566 
6.931,011 
2.599,036 
6,126.760 
2.061.816 
2,968.896 
2.023.610 
1,231,882 
1,310,259 
1.489.648 
1,146.419 
613.173 
2,114.407 
968.641 
240.947 
182,238 
2,083,459 


$76,238,664 
39,667.599 
27.364.519 
10.107.764 
9,049.043 
3,155,973 
5.792,667 
2.894.717 
3,355,192 
2,261,232 
2,525,821 
1,934,393 
2,469.489 
1,320.891 
1,102,938 
86,186 
1.169,488 
277,736 
1.610 
2,766,625 


$98,722,602 
37,713,580 
27,326,441 
8,456,017 
6,810,544 
4,563,525 
4,162,127 
4,048,286 
3,672,774 
2,826,369 
1.867,948 
1,713.639 
1,669.694 
1.132.831 
382,244 
227.872 
216,299 
102,192 
4041 
3,939,194 


$92,359,169 

52,462.802 

48,748,492 

12,254,901 

9,865,815 

3,220,518 

5.480.526 

10,743,579 

6,244,600 

4,669,400 

2.423.609 

1,118,123 

1,984.190 

1,084,616 

201.722 


308,897 


95.144 

1,626,574 

1,687,089 

370,445 

166,904 

47,321 


Exports  of  Brazil  by  countries  of  destination  for  years  1913  to  1918,  inclusive -(values 
in  United  States  currency) :  ^xusive,  rvalues 


Countries 


1913 


1914 


1915 


United  States 

France 

United  Kingdoin 

ftag^^ 

Uruguay  

Spain 

Netherlands.  .  .  . . 
Norway.... 

Egypt 

t;ortugal 

i>enmark 

Chile...  ;:::;;•• 

Sweden 

[Greece....'".'.;;; 
Germany 

Austria-Hungary 
I  Belgium 

vJther  countries.  .  . 
■Cuba. 

ICanada.".*; 


1016 


1917 


$101,296,713 

38,207,961 

41,186,977 

14.665.144 

4,010,767 

6,102,792 

1,676,652 

22,966,630 

476,313 

628,001 

1,667,624 

724,626 

862.432 

3.164,978 

76,829 

44,344,356 

16.034,286 

7,993,614 

7,893,657 


$87,413,099 
17,062,666 
30,233.546 
10,086.346 
6,687,787 
3,586,789 
1.145.873 
13,677,610 
1,530,904 
380,041 
1.850.221 
1.376.773 
411,582 
4,172,523 
148,602 
19,473,360 
4,268,159 
3,131,802 
4,056,067 


$90,687,246 

27,960,284 

31.684.366 

12,421,086 

7,710,266 

4,239,040 

1.441,654 

16,348,475 

7,387,859 

l,20e,827 

2,229,923 

5,747,254 

688,164 

22,234,720 

916,367 

95 


3,640,371 


1918 


$124,919,647 

32,876,944 

7,867,849 

1.631.819 

16.344.577 

13.061,622 

2,168,357 

7,103,148 

1.464,617 

446,529 

1.602,650 

2,032,390 

735,258 

7,626.215 

23.636 


3.893.442 


$130.687.«59 

39,272,267 

35*817.290 

25.653.964 

22.960.693 

13.140,747 

3,921.386 

1,496,946 

1,391,837 

1.336.676 

1.310.838 

768,307 

712,672 

382,201 


$103,661,328 
27,069,176 
30,011,353 
46,228.085 
31.239,617 
30,952.774 
6.484.690 


4.971.216 


2.494,397 
850,251 

2,698,261 
484,291 
908,043 

1.411.721 


658.809 

1.573.506 

10,082.643 

974.134 

899,329 


*>..*ik  .-_"i.,-*ij' :. 


I 


134 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


BRAZIL 


K 


Table  Continued: 


Articles  and  Countries 

1913 

1914 

1915 

1016 

1917 

Rubber: 

Total ■. . . 

Metric  Tons 

36.232 

16.807 

14.557 

3.194 

Metric  Tons 

35.631 

19.397 

11,484 

1,608 

Metric  Tons 

35,195 

20,776 

12.682 

962 

Metric  Tons 

31.495 

19.965 

10,379 

646 

Metric  Tons 

33.980 

20.165 

10,902 

219 

154 

United  States 

ITnit^  K>n£[Ho>n 

France .....". 

Sweden ~ 

Germany 

1.004 

29.388 
4.359 

481 

26.980 
2,873 

Tobftcco  Leaf: 

Total 

27,096 
7,302 
6,581 

21,293 
3.574 
3,919 

25.176 

8.177 

7.671 

6.006 

507 

247 

203 

151 

Argentina 

France 

Spain 

TVnmark .    . , 

472 

1.148 

Portugal 

81 

6 

39 

24.473 

882 

192 

17 

22,133 

United  States 

1.063 

300 

United  Kingdom 

Germany 

1 

Note:  ®  Destination  not  available.         0  Not  available. 

Production  and  Industry 

The  principal  sources  of  wealth  of  the  republic  are  its  coffee  and  rubber;  these  forming 
the  bulk  of  exports.  Coffee,  in  fact,  normally  constitutes  approximately  60  per  cent,  of 
the  total  value  of  all  exports.  Moreover,  the  normal  coffee  crop  of  Brazil  averages  72  per 
cent,  of  the  world's  total  production.  The  chief  producing  area  are  the  states  of  Sao 
Paulo,  which  produces  about  80  per  cent,  of  the  total  crop:  Rio  de  Janeiro,  which  produces 
about  16  per  cent.;  Minas  Geraes,  and  Bahia. 

A  recent  estimate  credits  Brazil  with  1,400,000,000  coffee  trees,  of  which  750,000,000 
are  in  the  state  of  Sao  Paulo,  there  being  60,500  plantations  in  that  state.  The  total 
investment  in  coffee  production  of  the  republic  has  been  estimated  at  $1,500,000,000, 
of  which  Sao  Paulo's  share  is  approximately  $900,000,000.  The  coffee  exports  of  Santos, 
the  chief  coffee  port  of  Brazil,  for  1915  were  valued  at  $113,424,679,  and  the  average  value 
for  ten  years  was  $120,000,000. 

The  United  States  is  the  largest  single  purchaser  of  Brazilian  coffee,  taking  about  45 
per  cent,  of  the  total  annual  crop,  its  imports  from  Brazil  amoimting  to  about  75  per  cent, 
of  its  total  coffee  imports.  The  total  exports  of  coffee  from  Brazil  for  five  years  have  been 
as  foUows:  1917,  10,605,217  bags;  1916,  13,038,663  bags;  1915,  17,061,319  bags;  1914, 
11,269,724  bags;  1913,  13,267,449  bags. 

The  principal  rubber  producing  region  of  the  world  is  in  the  Amazon  valley,  the  great 
majority  of  its  total  area  of  2,400,000  square  miles  being  within  the  borders  of  Brazil. 
Of  six  different  kinds  of  rubber  produced  by  Latin  America,  Brazil  produces  three;  Para 
rubber,  produced  in  the  states  of  Para  and  Amazonas,  Maranhao,  the  northern  parts  of 
Matto-Grosso  and  Goyaz,  and  the  Territory  of  Acre,  CJeara,  or  Manicoba  rubber  and  Ceara 
scrap,  is  produced  chiefly  in  the  state  of  Ceara.  Mangabeira  or  Bahia  rubber,  and  Matto- 
Grosso  sheets,  are  produced  throughout  large  parts  of  Brazil,  principally  in  the  states  of 
Bahia,  Pemambuco  and  Matto-Grosso,  and  to  a  smaller  extent  in  Minas  Geraes,  Gayaz 
and  Sao  Paulo. 


135 


The  Amazonian  basm  within  BraziKan  borders  has  two  principal  rubber  producine 
districts;  the  islands  forming  the  delta  of  the  river,  and  a  district  surrounding  Manaos 
including  the  lower  stretches  of  the  Rio  Purus  and  Rio  Jurua,  and  some  of  the  land 
watered  by  the  Rio  Negro.  The  rubber  produced  in  these  districts  is  commonly  known  as 
wild  Para  rubber.  Cultivation  has  been  encouraged  but  not  practised  to  any  significant 
degree,  and  methods  of  tapping  are  both  wasteful  and  primitive.  Climatic  conditions  in 
this  district  are  bad,  and  labor  insufficient.  A  rainy  season  continues  from  November 
to  May,  and  from  March  to  May  the  entire  river  country  is  subject  to  flooding  Rubber 
collecting  begins  in  May  and  must  be  completed  by  the  end  of  October. 

High  export  duties  are  an  additional  burden  upon  the  industry.  The  exports  of 
rubber  durmg  five  years  have  been,  m  tons:  1917,  37,378;  1916  34  644-  IQTi^tia. 
1914,  36,884;  1913,  39,855.  *      »    «.  a«io,  d4,044,  1915,  38,714; 

In  1915  BrazU  was  the  second  largest  producer  of  cacao  in  the  world  The  croo  of 
that  year  was  46,260  tons,  or  15.9  per  cent,  of  the  world's  production.  Bahia  aud  MaraiSiao 
are  the  largest  producing  states.     Beans  are  grown  in  large  quantities,  until  recently  for 

^^LT^^''^^''  "^  ''''  '"*  ^^^^  '^  ^^-  ^^^'  -^«  -  l^^S  exerts 

Tobacco  is  an  important  crop,  which  previous  to  the  war  was  exported  chiefly  to 
Germany  and  to  the  other  Latin  American  countries,  while  Herva  matt^  (yerba  mat^)  or 
Paraguayan  tea,  is  grown  in  large  quantities  in  the  state  of  Parana.  Cotton,  which  was 
f onnerly  one  of  the  miportant  exporte  of  the  republic,  is  now  no  longer  exported  to  so  gre^ 
a  degree;  the  d^hne  being  accounted  for  by  the  fact  that  cotton  goodsmanufactL  iSs 
become  the  most  miportant  industry  of  Brazil.    Cotton  is  cultivated  in  the  st^^ 

Pemambuco,  and  thirty  in  SSo  Paulo.  -aneiro,  lorty-stx  in 

in  mri  """JL^f^  ^, ""««  quantities  and  is  beginning  now  to  be  exported;  total  exports 

iZjil^^  ^  ^^""^  *"'"'•  *"  '^'^  *"  "^-^^  *°'^-    TheXf  rice  p  <SZg 
states  are  SSo  Paulo,  Mmas  Geraes,  and  Rio  de  Janeiro.    Mandioca   com  anri  R~7n 

nuts^anuts,  vegetable  ivory  and  camauba  wax  are  other  impoZtpXr  C^'l 
::S:r  17:7::*^  gout  CabedeUo  and  Maceio;  there  are  .o^  than  I,S^ 

the  cenSTthe  bdX  ""  °"^'  *"  "*^ "'  ^'^•"'*^»  "-'"K 

i'on  S^  ^  "  *^!  'T  ^^^^  "'.^^^  ^"^  "■«  """•««'  and  '"«5««t  undeveloped 

i"  aSuL  tr  *iT'^' *•">  'i^^'^y  °f  ""^  ^i'^  estimated  at  12,000,0(^,000  to  J^ 

-^ed  m  the  state  of  Santa  Catharina  and  Rio  Gi»nde  do  Sul.    Phtii^um  fa  found^ 


11 


136 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


the  states  of  Pernambuco,  Parahyba  do  Norte,  Minas  Geraes;  salt  in  Rio  Grande  do  Norte; 
Monazitic  sand,  of  which  Brazil  contains  more  than  the  rest  of  the  world,  in  Bahia,  Rio  de 
Janeiro,  Minas  Geraes  and  Espirito  Santo.  This  product  is  largely  used  in  the  manufacture 
of  incandescent  gas  mantles,  and  before  the  war  was  exported  to  Germany  and  Austria; 
the  thorium  which  is  used  in  the  manufacture  of  gas  mantles  is  now  extracted  before 
exportation.  Other  minerals  produced  are  graphite,  asbestos,  emery,  soapstone  and  talc, 
wolfram  and  kaohn. 

The  cattle  raising  industry,  located  chiefly  in  the  state  of  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  has 
developed  extensively  during  the  war,  and  the  connected  industries  of  meat  freezing  and  pack- 
ing and  leather  production  have  begun  to  take  an  important  place  in  the  commercial  life 
of  Brazil.    The  repubUc  possesses  about  11,000,000  sheep  and  about  18,500,000  hogs. 

There  were  in  Brazil  in  December,  1918,  37,500,000  head  of  cattle  of  various  kinds 
distributed  by  classes  and  breeds  as  follows: 


Cattle 


Native* 


Indiant 


European^ 


8.000,000 
4,750.000 
2.300.000 
2.450.000 
1.500.000 


19,000,000 


3,900.000 
2.550.000 
1.300.000 
1.2.50.000 
1.000.000 


10.000.000 


4.200.000 

1.800,000 

850,000 

950.000 

700,000 


8.500.000 


Milch  cows 

Calves 

Yearlings 

Beef  cattle 

Oxen  and  bulls 

Total 

♦  Crioulo,  Caracu,  Mocho.  Franqueiro,  Curraleiro. 

t  Nellore,  Guzerat.  Gyr.  etc. 

i  Hereford.  Swiss.  Dutch,  Angus.  Devon,  Jersey. 

The  total  production  of  beef  cattle  for  the  year  was  4,650,000,  so  that  with  a  national 
consumption  of  4,500,000  head,  there  was  left  for  export  a  balance  of  150,000  head,  aggre- 
gating 792,000,000  pounds  in  weight. 

Number  of  cattle  in  Brazil  in  December,  1918,  by  Provinces  and  breeds: 


States 


Acre 

Ama7.onas 

Par6 

Maranh&o 

Piauhy 

Ceara 

Rio  Grande  do  Norte 
Parahyba  do  Norte , . 

Pernambuco 

Alagoas 

Sergipe 

Bahia 

Espirito  Santo 

Rio  de    aneiro 

Federal  District 

Sao  Paulo 

Parand 

Santa  Catharina . .  .  . 
Rio  Grande  do  Sul . . , 

Minas  Geraes 

Goyaz 

Matto  Grosso 

Total 


Total 

National 

Indian 

European 

10,000 

200,000 

440,000 

380,000 

2,200.000 

800,000 

300,000 

660,000 

450,000 

350.000 

250.000 

2.500,000 

200.000 

1.200.000 

36.600 

2.130.000 

1.000.000 

500,000 

8,443,800 

7.185.600 

4..564.000 

3.700.000 

8.500 

196.500 

375.000 

374.500 

2.098.500 

732.500 

292.500 

620.000 

367.000 

303,500 

217,000 

1.354,000 

125,000 

170.000 

2,000 

936,500 

430.000 

320,000 

3.333.800 

1.093.200 

3.500,000 

2,150,000 

500 

1.000 

40,000 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

3,000 

5,000 

45.000 

21.500 

15,000 

920.000 

50,000 

680,000 

6.600 

348.500 

96.000 

30,000 

750,000 

fi,028,400 

800.000 

1.155.003 

1.000 
2.500 

25,000 

4.000 

100.000 

66.000 

4.500 

35,000 
38.000 
25.000 

18.000 

226.000 

25,000 

350,000 

28,000 

845,000 

474.000 

150.000 

4,360,000 

1.064,000 

264,000 

395,000 

37.500.000 

19.000.000 

10,000,000 

8,500.000 

BRAZIL 


137 


Manufacturing  industries  are  developing  rapidly  throughout  the  republic,  especially 
at  Sao  Paulo  and  Rio  de  Janeu-o.  The  textile  industries  are  assuming  the  greatest  im- 
portance.   Capitahzation  and  output  of  the  largest  cotton  mUls  of  the  country  in  1916- 


Progreso  Industrial  do  Brasil 

Confianca  Industrial 

Fia^&o  e  Tecidos  Allianca 

Fia^&o  e  Tecidos  Botafogo® 

Fabrica  Volorantim 

Brasil  Industrial 

Companhia  Petropolitana 

Manufacturados  Flumiense 

Fia^So  e  Tecidos  Corcovada 

Fia^ao  e  Tecidos  Carioca 

Cotonificio  Rodolpho  Crespl 

America  Fabril 

Emporio  Industrial  do  Norte ...... 

Industrial  Pernambucana 

SSo  Bernardo  Fabril 

Industrial  Reunidas  F.  MataraiVo. 
Fia^So  e  Tecidos  de  Pernambuco. . . 

Societa  Italo-Americana 

Fabril  Paulista 

ValencS  Industrial .  . 

Eetamparia  Ypranga 

Progreso  Industrial  da  Baliia.  . . .  . 

Fabrica  Paulistana ' 

Fiaffto  e  Tecidos  S5o  Banto.  . .'.    " 
Fiacio  e  Tecidos  N.  S.  da  Ponte.  . 

Otherer  Speer  &  Cia 

Industrial  do  Rio  Grande  do  Norte 

Industrial  Sul  Mineira 

Fiagfto  e  Tecidos  Cometa ...... 

Fiacfto  e  Mageense , 

Fiacio  e  Tecidos  Martinho. 

Taubat6  Industrial 

Paulista  Aniugen ,  ,[\ 

Fia^ao  e  Tecidos  Santo  Alezio.  . 
Tecidos  Porto-Alegrense.    . 

Pmotti  Gamba  &  Cia 

8ao  Pedro  de  Alcantara. . . 

Industrial  Mineira 

Industrial  Estancia 

Alag6ana  de  Tecidos. ........ 

Fabrica  Maranhense 

Fia9ao  e  Tecidos  Rio  Anil ..'.'.'.." 
lecidos  S.  Italo-Brasileira 


Rio  de  Janeiro .  . 
Rio  de  Janeiro .  . 
Rio  de  Janeiro .  . 
Rio  de  Janeiro .  . 

Sorocabo 

Paracamby 

Petropolis 

Nictheroy    

Rio  de  Janeiro .  . 
Rio  de  Janeiro .  . 

Sao  Paulo 

Rio  de  Janeiro, . 
Sao  Salvador. . . . 

Camaragibe 

Sao  Bernardo .  . . 
Sao  Paulo .... 

Torre 

Saltode  Itfi 

Recife 

Valenga 

Bairro  Ypiranga. 

Sao  Salvador 

Sao  Paulo 

Jundiahy 

Sorocaba 

Sorocaba 

Natal 

Itajuba 

Petropolis 

Mag6    

Tatuhy 

Taubat^ 

Sao  Paulo 

Santo  Aleixo .... 
Porto  Alegre .... 

Sao  Paulo 

Petropolis 

Juiz  oe  Fora .... 

Estancia 

Cachoeira 

Sao  Luia 

Sao  Lui« 

Sao  Paulo 


$4,352,000 
4.160,000 
4.031,000 
3,840.000 
3,200,000 
3,1.36,000 
2,880,000 
2,880,000 
2,793.000 
2,688,000 
2,560,000 
2,432,000 
2,1.56,800 
1.920,000 
1,824,000 
1,600,000 
1,600,000 
1,544,000 
1,472.000 
1,323.200 
1,280,000 
1,197.440 
1,152,000 
1.120,000 
1.120.000 
1.091,200 
896,000 
896,000 
896,000 
880.000 
800,000 
800.000 
800.000 
768,000 
736,000 
720,000 
704.000 
704,000 
704,000 
640,000 
640,000 
640.000 
640,000 


$2,816,000", 
2,720,000    \ 


2,176,000 

3,264,00a 

2,048,000 

1,920,000 

1.600,000 

1,344,000 

1,664,000 

2,016,000 

1,248,000 

1.792,000 

1,280.000 

1.120.000 

800,000 

1,728,000  , 

1,440,000 

960,000 

1,280.000 

768,000 

928,000 

1,024,000 

451,200 

656,000 

640,000 

800,000 

230,400 

313,920 

800.000 

832,000 

640.000 

347,200 

640,000 

307,200 

480,000 

592,000 

416,000 

576.000 

480,000 

640,00CrN 

480,000    ; 

448,000 

640,000 


') 


Note:  ®  Manufactures  both  cotton  and  woolen  goods. 

imno^nT.r  '^^^  i"**  f^^  ^  *''*  ""P"*'""'  ''P^^^""^  approximately  3,300  looms, 
I^CrfK  ^"""l  "T  ^"*'''  ^""^  "^"'"8  the  finished  product  to  the  coffee  planters. 


Federal  District.    .. 

Sj»^  o[  Minas  Geraes 

St^^  °   gfo  Grande  do  Sul 
State  of  Riode  Janeiro., 
state  of  Sao  Paulo 


Of  thl^^""^^"^^  ""!  ^^"^  ^^"^''  ^""^  extremely  numerous  and  it  is  estimated  that  one-fifth 
ouu,uuo  people  of  the  city  are  engaged  in  manufacturing  and  connected  industries. 


I 


138 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


I 


11 


In  1916,  the  seventy-two  textile  mills  in  the  state  employed  26,000  operatives  and  consumed 
about  14,000  tons  of  cotton,  the  value  of  the  total  production  being  estimated  at  $22,041,360, 
of  which  $16,372,320  represented  cotton  manufactures  and  $5,669,040  represented  jute 
bagging,  woolen,  silk  and  linen  textiles.  There  were,  in  the  same  year,  134  shops,  foundries 
and  factories  engaged  in  metal  working  in  Sao  Paulo,  producing  coffee-hulling  machinery, 
small  rice  mills,  cane  mills,  plows,  farm  tools,  stoves,  enamelled  ware,  aluminum  ware, 
cast  iron  pipe,  iron  kitchen  ware,  brass  ware  for  buildings,  offices  and  machinery  parts, 
textile  mill  machinery,  bells,  machine  tools,  woven  wire  fence,  and  repair  parts  for  machinery 


BRAZIL 


The  manufacturing  industries  of  Sao  Paulo  (1916)  are: 


Hata 

Shoes 

HoBiery 

White  goods  and  shirts 

Gloves 

Sugar  Mills 

Sugar  refineries 

Alimentar>-  pastas .... 

Canned  goods 

Packing  houses 

Crackers 

PreBcrves 

Milling  of  cereals , 

Mandioca  flour 

Dairy  products , 

Vinegar 

Breweries , 

Brooms  and  brushes .  .  , 

Soft  drinks 

Furniture 

Vegetable  oil 

Starch  


Rope 

Trunks  and  bags 

Harness  and  saddles .  . . . 

Tanneries 

Paper  and  pasteboard . . . 

Articles  of  metal 

Machinery 

Foundries 

Woodworking 

Brick  and  tile 

Lime 

Wagons  and  carriages . . . 
Railway  machine  shops. , 

Matches 

Scrap 

Candles 

Oils  and  resins 

Paints 

Chemical  products 

Pharmaceutical  products 

Cigars  and  cigarettes 

Others 


16 

56 

248 

6 

3 

7 

65 

62 

558 

972 

47 

383 

18 

12 

195 

19 

30 

9 

18 

9 

158 

932 


According  to  the  latest  statistics  published  on  the  subject  (in  1913)  there  were  at  that 
time  a  total  of  eighty-three  industrial  establishments  of  different  kinds  in  the  city  of  Bahia, 
having  a  combined  capital  of  about  $10,000,000,  an  annual  production  of  between  $8,000,000 
and  $9,000,000,  and  a  total  of  about  10,000  employees.  Of  the  foregoing,  something  Uke 
85  or  90  per  cent,  are  engaged  in  the  textile  (cotton  and  jute),  sugar  and  tobacco  (cigars, 
cigarettes,  and  snuff)  industries. 

There  are  now  fifteen  sugar  mills  of  importance  in  operation  in  the  State  of  Bahia, 
besides  one  in  liquidation  and  one  not  working.  These  fifteen  have  a  total  capital  of 
$5,525,000  (at  present  exchange),  about  800  employees  (not  including  field  workers), 
and  a  combined  average  annual  production  of  about  33,000  tons  of  sugar. 

There  are  five  important  textile  mills  at  Bahia,  of  which  one  makes  jute  bagging  and 
the  other  four  cotton  goods.  The  jute  mill  employs  approximately  400  persons,  is 
capitalized  nominally  at  $125,000  (500  contos),  and  in  1915  declared  a  dividend  of  24 
per  cent.  It  turns  out  annually  approximately  20,000  pieces,  containing  2,187,222 
yards  (2,000,000  meters)  of  goods.  The  four  cotton  mills  each  employ  from  1,200  to  1,400 
persons,  and  each  turn  out  from  (7,655,278  to  9,842,500  yards  7,000,000  to  9,000,000 
meters)  of  goods  per  annum. 

Five  of  the  largest  cotton  mills  in  the  Federal  District  employ  8,000  operatives  and 
produce  over  80,000,000  yards.  Four  mills  in  Petropolis  average  18,000,000  to  19,000,000 
yards,  and  twenty-four  mills  in  Sao  Paulo  average  83,000,000  to  84,000,000  yards.  Because 


139 


of  the  increasing  development  of  manufacturing  in  Rio  de  Janeiro,  the  Rio  de  Janeiro 
Tramway,  Light  &  Power  Ck)mpany  has  enlarged  its  plant  from  50,000  to  80  000  H  P 
The  Sfio  Paulo  Tramway,  Light  &  Power  Company's  plant  at  Parahyba  has  a  Opacity  of 
32,000  H.  P.,  and  a  new  plant  with  a  capacity  of  62,500  H.  P.  is  being  constructed  by  the 
same  company  at  Sorocabo  to  supply  additional  power  to  the  city  of  Sao  Paulo  and  its 
environs. 

Railways,  Post  Offices,  Telegraphs: 

The  railways  of  BrazU  have  a  total  length  of  15,248  miles;  2,188  miles  are  owned  and 
operated  by  the  government;  5,716  miles  are  privateJy  leased,  3,447  miles  are  operated  by 
vanous  companies  under  Federal  government  concessions;  3,897  mUes  are  operated  under 
State  concessions.  There  were,  in  1917,  3,587  post  offices,  and  the  government  controUed 
telegraph  system  has  a  mileage  of  21,393  and  270  offices.  Privately  owned  systems  are 
more  extensive.  There  are  27,000  miles  of  navigable  rivers;  of  the  fifty-five  largest  rivers 
in  the  world  thirty-three  are  whoUy  or  largely  in  Brazil.  Brazil,  although  bordering  on 
aU  the  South  American  countries  except  Chile,  is  in  direct  railroad  communication  only 
with  Uruguay,  an  mtemational  passenger  train  service  with  sleeping  and  dining  cars  having 
been  estabhshed  between  Sao  Paulo  and  Montevideo.  The  trip  is  over  1.800  miles  in  length 
and  takes  108Hhours.  Twochangesof  cars, occasioning  a  waitof  afew  minutes, are necess^ 
A  tn-weekly  ^rvice  between  Montevideo  and  Rivera,  on  the  Brazilian  frontier,  connects 
Monteiid^  ""'^'^  ""^  ^^""^^  ^^"^'  ^^°  ^"^^e  <^o  Sul  and  Porto  Alegre  with 

Money  and  Banks: 

The  monetary  system  of  Brazil  is  based  upon  a  nominal  gold  standard.    The  gold  unit 

l^nc^vtSn.'^'f^^  "f'  f  peculiarity  of  designation  characterizes  the  BraziUan 
currency  system,  the  sign  $  is  placed  after  the  unit  and  before  the  decimal,  the  milreis, 
for  example,  bemg  d^gnated  by  1$000.  The  circulating  medium  and  the  legal  currency 
of  Brazil  is  composed  of  paper  notes  redeemable  in  gold  at  the  rate  of  16d.  per  milreis. 
The  par  value  of  the  theoretical  gold  milreis  in  terms  of  United  States  currency  is  $0.5463: 
tnat  of  the  paper  milreis,  at  the  conversion  rate  estabhshed  by  law,  is  $0.32444  Actual 
exchange  rates  vary,  however.  The  Caixo  de  Conversfio  (the  govermnent  agency  author- 
ized to  convert  paper  mto  gold)  suspended  operations  upon  the  declaration  of  war  in  1914 
rat.  1*''  'T*'""!  "^^"'^  °^  December  23, 1916,  the  obligation  to  maintain  the  conversion 
onmrT!!"?!'''        «"«P««ded  to  December  31,  1917.    The  subsidiary  metal  coinage  is 

^^m  1  ^'  ''  "'  ''  '"'  P"^"'  '^^'^^  '^'  '^  ^^^  ^^  ^^^  Pi««^'  -dXer 
ouu,  luuu  and  2000  reis  pieces. 

Weights  and  Measures: 

measl^^tili"h.r**'"  1^.^°  *•"•"  "^'^"^  '^'"^"^  '^'^  ^S^^.    The  old  Portuguese 
Tm^,^    ^        T*",'*^  "^  ""  •*'*^  P^  °f  '•>«  *°terior;  these  are  the  Uto.  of 

lo  i.tM  bushel,  and  the  oitava  of  55.34  grams. 

Consular  Representatives:  ' 

pJ^^J*f^  consuUr  officials  are  stationed  at  Bahia,  Para,  Ceara,  Man&os,  MaranhSo, 

SrCo,^d°^„^X'  ^°  ^"^  ^'  ^"^^"'  ^°  ^  ^'^"''  '^''"°'^'  ^*^' 


IM 


140 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Brazilian  Consular  oflScials  are  stationed  at  Mobile,  San  Francisco,  Pensacola,  Bnina- 
wick,  Honolulu,  Chicago,  New  Orleans,  Baltimore,  Boston,  Gulfport,  Pascagoula,  St.  Louis, 
Buffalo,  New  York  City,  Philadelphia,  Manila,  San  Juan  (P.  R.),  Port  Arthur,  Norfolk, 
Va.,  Newport  News,  St.  Thomas  (V.  I.). 
Language:  Portuguese. 
Local  Advertising  Media: 

In  Rio  de  Janeiro  there  are  thirteen  important  daily  newspapers  and  one  important 
conmiercial  daily,  six  illustrated  weekly  magazines  and  one  monthly.  In  Sao  Paulo  there 
are  eleven  daily  papers  and  one  commercial  daily.  There  is  one  important  semi-monthly 
magazine,  a  women's  monthly  magazine  and  important  agricultural  and  stock-raising 
journals.    Among  other  industrial  and  trade  papers  there  is  one  automobile  monthly. 

In  Bahia  there  are  six  daily  newspapers  and  one  general  monthly  magazine.    Pemam- 
buco  has  5  dailies;  Porto  Alegre,  three  dailies  and  one  tri-weekly.    Santos,  three  dailies; 
Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  three  dailies  and  Para  seven  daihes. 
Shipping  Routes: 

Lamport  and  Holt  Line. 

Booth  Steamship  Company. 

Prince  Line. 

Lloyd  Brazileiro. 

Funch  Edye  &  Co.,  Inc.,  Line. 

Conmiercial  South  American  Line. 

United  States  and  Brazil  Steamship  Line. 

Wilhelmsen  Steamship  Line. 

Customs  Tariff: 

The  customs  tariff  of  Brazil  provides  for  specific  duties  usually  based  on  net  weight, 
and  in  the  case  of  certain  articles,  for  ad  valorem  duties. 

Tariff  for  catalogues,  ciruclars,  posters,  etc.: 


Articles 


MiLREis  PER  Kilo 


Nominal 


Actual* 


Prints,  drawings,  photographs  for  posters,  including  illustrated  catalogues .... 
Pnnted  books,  stitched,  bound  with  cardboard,  including  prospectuses,  catalogues,  etc. 


3.000 
.300 


4.651 
.526 


Note:  ♦  Inclusive  of  surtax.    The  budget  laws  for  1916  reduced  the  above  rates  50  per  cent. 

Consular  Regulations: 

Four  copies  of  consular  invoices  must  be  made  out  in  Portuguese  or  English;  if  in 
English  a  charge  is  levied  in  Brazil  on  the  consignee  for  translation.  If  packages  are  of  a 
uniform  size,  the  weight  per  package  must  be  declared.  Consular  invoices  and  bills  of  lading 
can  bear  only  one  mark,  and  the  numbers  on  invoices  should  be  consecutive.  The  consul 
keeps  three  copies  of  the  consular  invoice.  Certification  of  consular  invoices  costs  $2.20 
per  set  of  four.  No  consular  invoice  is  required  on  shipments  on  parcel  receipt  if  the  total 
value,  mcluding  freight  and  expenses,  is  less  than  $48.88.  The  steamship  companies  make 
a  charge  of  $1.38  per  set  of  bills  of  lading  and  parcel  receipt  which  they  turn  over  to  the 
consul.  Packages  may  be  marked  with  either  a  stencil  or  a  brush,  but  the  side  of  the 
package  containing  the  mark  must  be  free  of  other  marks. 

The  marking  of  weights  on  packages  is  not  required. 


BRAZIL 


141 


Cable  Rate: 

Pemambuco,  $0.70  per  word;  aU  other  stations,  except  Amazon  zones  $0  &!i     Fir^f 
Am^n  zone,  $1.12;  Second  Amazon  zone,  $1.36  per  ;ord,  f^m  New  YoT^r  New  EngfaT^^ 

Postal  Rates:  Postal  Union  rates. 

Postal  Time:  Nineteen  days  to  Rio  de  Janeiro. 

Parcels  Post: 

P«„lJ°Jf''^°!?'°°**;  ^*!f '  ^'^'^'"''  ^''«''  P««^buco,  Rio  de  Janeiro  and  Sao 
Pau^o  only  Packages  to  other  points  must  be  endorsed  by  sender  "Sender's  Risk" 
Limit  of  weight.  22  pounds.  Rate:  Twelve  cents  per  pound  or  fraction  the^  Pack^;* 
contaming  p^spectus  and  adveHising  bills  are  subject  to  entry  duty  of  iS  (fiveS 
If  the  weight  is  more  than  two  kUograms  (4.4  pounds). 
International  Reply  Coupons:  Issued. 
Money  Orders:  Not  issued. 


142 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN: MARKETS 


III' 


I 


A  republic  on  the  west 
than  the  combined  aitas  of 
New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania, 
capital,  is  about  as  large  as 


^r% 


.'■r-V 


/ 


B^ 


<^«lBbol 


VALPAKAISC 


i 


rsAirruGo 


Coaccycioi 


VaMhriai 
C«fra] 


't^o.  HmS 


'-:s 


^i^* 


}M 


S 


CHILE 

coast  of  South  America.  The  area  of  Chile  is  a  little  larger 
all  the  New  England  states,  with  the  addition  of  New  York, 
Maryland  and  Virginia.  Santiago,  the  principal  city  and 
Washington,  D.  C,  while  Valparaiso,  the  second  city  in  size 
and  principal  port,  is  about  as  large  as  Atlanta,  Ga. 

The  seasons  in  Chile,  because  of  its  position  south  of  the 
Equator,  are  the  opposite  of  those  of  the  United  States. 
Spring  is  from  September  21  to  December  21,  summer  from 
December  21  to  March  21,  autumn  from  March  21  to  June  21, 
and  winter  from  June  21  to  December  21.  The  climate  in 
Chile  is  temperate. 

Chile  IS  situated  on  a  narrow  strip  of  land  between  the 
Andes  Mountains  and  the  Pacific  Ocean,  running  in  the  general 
direction  of  north  and  south  for  a  distance  of  ahndst  3,000 
miles.  The  width  of  the  country  varies  from  about  65  to 
250  miles.  The  distance  from  the  moirt  northerly  to  the  most 
southeriy  point  of  Chile's  coast  line  is  about  equivalent  to 
that  between  the  coast  of  Labrador  and  the  coast  of  the 
Guianas  in  South  America.  Commercially,  this  long  strip 
of  territory  is  divided  into  three  regions;  the  mineral  region, 
extending  from  the  northern  boundary  to  a  point  south  of 
Coquimbo;  the  agricultural  and  coal  region,  extending  from 
a  point  south  of  Coquimbo  to  one  south  of  the  city  of  Val- 
divia;  and  the  timber  and  cattle  producing  district,  which 
extends  from  a  point  south  of  Valdivia  to  Cape  Horn. 

Mining  is  the  principal  industry  of  Chile.  The  principal 
products  are  nitrate  of  soda,  copper,  iron  and  coal.  Nitrate 
of  soda,  which  is  Chile's  most  important  product,  and  of  which 
Chile  is  the  world's  principal  producer,  is  found  in  the  northern 
region  extending  from  Arica  to  Antofagasta.  It  is  extensively 
used  in  the  manufacture  of  explosives  and  of  fertilizers,  and 
an  increased  consumption  since  the  beginning  of  the  war  has 
brought  great  prosperity  to  the  country. 

The  production  of  coal  is  insufficient  for  the  requirements 
of  the  country  and  large  quantities  are  imported  annually. 

Agriculture  is  extensively  carried  on  in  the  great  central 
valley  of  Chile.  Wheat,  vegetables,  and  forage  crops  are  the 
principal  products.  Fruit  growing  and  wine  making  are  Hke- 
wise  important  industries. 

While  manufacturing  is  being  rapidly  developed,  the 
production  of  manufactured  goods  in  most  lines  is  totally 
inadequate  for  the  requirements  of  the  country. 


CHILE 


143 


There  is  a  permanent  American  and  Enghsh  Dooulation  in  Chi}^  .v.-  a 
the  nitrate  and  mining  industry,  which,  togeth^with  S^  nuSr  of  ShTSa^ 
constitutes  a  market  with  a  relativplv  h,„k  r>„«  u    •  "umoer  ox  wealthy  Chilians 

united  States  suppHed  on^irSr^ll  KhSftotTL^rby  m^^^^  t 

was  the  source  of  50  per  cent,  of  the  total  imports  of  ChUe.  '^'^'''^^^"  *''*  ^mted  States 

The  per  capita  foreign  trade  of  Chile  in  1918  amounted  to  lUfi  54-  of  thi,  141  ,9 
the  value  of  per  capita  imports  and  $75.42  the  value  of  per  capL  exS 

Area  and  Population 


Provinces 


Area 


Population 


Capital 


Aconcagua . . 
Antofagasta 

Arauco 

Atacam4.  .  . 
Bio-Bio. .  .  . 

Cautin 

Chilo^ 

Colchagna. . 
Concepci6n . 
Coquimbo. . 

Curic6 

Linares 

Llanquihu6 . 
Malleco.  . . . 
Maule.  .  . 

^>we....::: 

C^'HigKina.  . 
Santiago . 

fev.:::: 

Jarapaci 


aldivia 

Valparaiso.] 

Magallanes  Territory. 


Total  (1914) 


5,406 
46,408 
2,189 
30,711 
5,353 
6,381 
6,979 
3,851 
3,313 
14,098 
3,045 
3,959 
34,778 
3,303 
2,812 
3,498 
2,168 
5,893 
12,590 
3,864 
16,689 
8.991 
1,775 
65,355 


Population 


138,446 
126,101 
63.209 
66,641 
103,873 
172,006 
95,756 
159,930 
235,959 
183,878 
109,466 
114,980 
124,947 
117,375 
122.754 
174,663 
96,808 
587,721 
45,593 
133,742 
123,843 
151,537 
324,660 
22,744 


San  Felipe. . . . 
Antofagasta.  . 

Lebu 

Copiap6 

Los  Angeles. . , 

Temuco 

Ancud 

San  Fernando. 
Concepci6n . . . 
La  Serena .  . . . 

Curic6 

Linares 

Puerto  Montt. 

Angol 

Cauquenes 

Chilian 

Rancagua. .  . . 

Santiago 

Tacna 

Talca , 

Iquique , 

Valdivia 

Valparaiso 

Punta  Arenas . . 


10,426 
36,114 
3,500 
11,617 
11.691 
16.000 
3,979 
9,150 
79,776 
34,000 
19,529 
11,122 
6,000 
7,896 
9,683 
39,173 
10,380 
397,550 
15.000 
39,526 
45,012 
19,388 
201,501 
11.000 


Taiiotfpnntir  '''"*^^'  ^"•P'^'  ^-P"'-^".  Antofagasta,   I<, 


uique, 


Commerce 

<^^-^Ttmm^"  Th'^'n  ?rfi' """""^^  *°  1451,030,311; imports,  $159,167,- 
«'  per  e^nt  oahfSs.  '"*'''  ^'""^  '"P""^  *«  ^'  "'"t-  <>'  "^e  imports  and  took 


144 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


CHILE 


Value  of  the  total  foreign  trade  of  the  United  States  with  Chile  for  11  years: 


Year 

ended 

June 

30 

Exports 

Imi'orts 

Per 

cent. 

free 

r!TO*iQQ  nf 

Domestic 

Foreign 

Total 

Free 

Dutiable 

Total 

exports  (♦) 
imports  (-) 

1909 
1910 
1911 
1912 
1913 
1914 
1915 
1916 
1917 
1918 
1919 

$5,457,269 
8,293,312 
12,037,140 
15,471,156 
16,064,969 
17,408,724 
11,243,876 
24,091,929 
44,403,102 
63,116,249 

$9,017 

10,934 

7,438 

20,690 

11,794 

23,668 

133,305 

147,897 

135,891 

412,875 

$5,466,286 
8,304,246 
12,044,578 
15,491,846 
16.076,763 
17,422.392 
11,377,181 
24,239,826 
44,538.993 
63.529.124 
70.288,581 

$13,581,311 
20.840.923 
19,407.207 
19,742,137 
27.458.211 
25.184.940 
27.346,324 
63.668.379 
109.399.348 
138,184,938 

$131,062 

80,403 

533,793 

422,711 

197.209 

537,188 

343,456 

486,480 

4,389,782 

2,890,766 

$13,712,373 

20,921,326 

19,941,000 

20,104,848 

27,655,420 

25,722,126 

27,689,780 

64,154.859 

113,789,130 

141,075.704 

135,602,542 

99.00 
99.62 
97.32 
97.90 
99.29 
97.91 
98.76 
99.24 
96.14 
97.95 

-$8,246,087 
-12,617,080 

-  7,896,422 

-  4,673,002 
-11,578.657 

-  8.289.736 
-16.312.599 
-39.915,033 
-69.250,137 
-77,546,580 
-65,313,961 

Foreign  trade  of  Chile  for  10  years;  values  in  United  States  currency: 


Imports 


Exports 


Total 


Imports 


Exports 


Total 


1906 
1907 
1908 
1909 
1910 
1911 
1912 


$82,221,913 
107,193,877 
97,551,422 
95,660,208 
108,582,279 
137,381,479 
122.075,994 


$99,078,599 
100,176,156 
114,710,044 
111,846,917 
120,021,919 
123,884,417 
139,878.201 


$181,300,512 
207,370,033 
212,261,466 
207,507.125 
228,»)04,198 
251,265.896 
261,954.195 


1913 
1914 
1915 
1916 
1917 
1918 


$120,274,001 

98,461,195 

55,922.218 

81,220,102 

129.603,115 

159,167,034 


$144,653,312 
109.381,534 
119.529.892 
187.458,432 
259.985,495 
291,863.277 


$264,927,313 
207.842.729 
175,452,110 
268,tJ78.534 
389.588,610 
451,030.311 


Imports  into  Chile  by  principal  articles  for  5  years;  values  in  United  States  currency: 


Articles 


Yarn  and  thread 

Sacks 

Piece  Koods 

Wearing  apparel 

Chemicals 

Soap  and  candles 

Perfumery    and    pharma- 
ceutical products 

Industrial  oils 

Paints,  dyes  and  colors. . . 

Explosives 

Iron  and  steel  in  bars  or 

sheets 

Iron  and  steel,  manufac- 
tures of 

Builders'  hardware 

Mining  machinery  and  im- 
plements   

Agricultural  machinery 

and  implements 

Manufacturing  machiner>' 

and  implements 

Motor  engines 

Electrical  machinery  and 

implements 

Railway  supplies 

Coal  and  mineral  fuels.  .  . 
Leather  and  fur  manuf's. 
Carriages,    cars,    automo- 
biles, airships,  etc 

Paper  and  manufactures.  . 
Printed  books,  maps,  and 

engravings 

-furniture 

Manufactures  of  stone  and 
earth,  including  cement. 
Pottery  and  glass  manu- 
factures   

Arms  and  ammunition .  .  . 
Articles   and   instruments 
for  the  Arts  and  Sciences 
Jewelry,  watches,  etc .  .  .    | 


$2,902,357 
3,438,866 

16.170.431 

1,466,914 

1,739,347 

844,662 

1,261,628 

3,078,799 

815,679 

163.573 

3.797,395 

6,876,438 
245.402 

1,262,669 

1,895,196 

6,375,646 
1.597,085 

1,4941527 

6.691,882 

14,075,111 

2,375,180 

592,593 
2,904,616 

562,658 
656,658 

2,157,859 

2,113.506 
471,766 

1.215.618 
295,655 


$2,891,571 
3,141,110 

15.135,303 

6,151,980 

1,857,259 

932,482 

1,215,599 

3,053,957 

769.977 

922,953 

4,062,121 

6,739,577 
587,237 

626,015 

1,710,725 

6,222,706 
1,121,055 

1,796,952 

6,040,416 

15,991.438 

2,039,883 

932,889 
2,707,803 

906,416 
483,815 

2,584,781 

2,097,438 

486,854 

1,235,848 
919,042 


$1,935,506 
1,916.766 
9,597.256 
3,775,159 
1,457,545 
756,311 

1.154.090 

2.954.318 

502.370 

574,500 

2,331,157 

5,429.228 
894,408 

855,968 

736,223 

3.665,636 
470,762 

1,456,737 

3,739.368 

15.106.338 

1.434.181 

745,448 
1.296,084 

443,651 
390,768 

1,695,115 

1,066,180 
8.063.619 

759,473 
457,807 


$1,539,477 
2,482,902 
5,300,491 
1,639,176 
1,237,652 
947,404 

599,696 

2,064,076 

273,626 

563,841 

757,817 

1,620,118 
265,581 

389,238 

178.676 

2,169,488 
279,416 

854,886 
1,859,630 
7.104,523 

534.180 

479,857 
1,638,564 

249.013 
120,438 

773.187 

277.994 
541.232 

349,91 1 
172,771 


$2,282,905 
4,341,065 

11,195,492 

3.114.265 

1.834.710 

425.066 

1,080,687 

3,948,660 

722,960 

1,864.304 

1.645,785 

4,057,870 
466,695 

986,025 

430,624 

2,033,915 
523,594 

1,084,674 
1.572,872 
9,677,049  • 
1.335,553 

1.578,059 
2,614,357 

268,257 
142.841 

1.157.352 

540,986 
135.084 

604,181 
353,287 


145 


Imports  into  Chile  from  principal  countries  for  5  years;  values  in  United  States 


currency: 


Countries 


1913 


1914 


1915 


United  States 

United  Kingdom. 

Peru 

Argentina 

India 

France 

Spain 

Mexico 

Italy 

Japan 

Braxil 

Sweden 

Bolivia 

Ecuador 

Austraha 

Cuba 

Switzerland 

Panama 

Norway 

Uruguay 

Denmark 

China 

Netherlands 

Guatemala 

Germany 

Portugal 

Belgium 

Austria-Hungary . 
Other  coimtnes .  . 


$20,088,158 
36,109,211 
4,810,376 
3,262,654 
3,187,043 
6.623,260 
1.135.883 
231 
3,176.284 
141,154 
971,917 
30,408 
53,525 
452,415 
3,343,832 
188,929 
192,801 
49,197 
49,848 
635,766 
3,889 
103,944 
67,211 
62,781 
29.578,138 
146,111 
6,671,427 
14,225 
122,383 


1916 


1917 


Total $120,274,001 


$20,148,576 
22,309,086 
5,380,220 
2,164,939 
1,979.472 
4,206,107 
905,684 
3,386 
1,976,513 
94,491 
725,975 
23,711 
124,014 
449.409 
6,269,379 
169,821 
135,931 
9,359 
153,828 
628,083 
24,427 
66,478 
200,466 
48,525 
25,889,771 
104,370 
4,151,372 
20,587 
197,215 

$98,461,195 


$18,638,455 

13.288.603 

4,762,542 

2,456,681 

2,768,640 

1,700,383 

737,992 

267,288 

1,732,890 

349,931 

1,180,948 

492,239 

101,997 

432,328 

1,203,806 

196,629 

76,263 

33,694 

346,746 

291,672 

440,347 

63,644 

162,076 

9,433 

3,583,589 

50,806 

405,615 

7.717 

139.264 

$55,922,218 


$34,458,956 

20,049,544 

5,596,427 

2,513,181 

4.551,094 

3,462,373 

2,032,746 

477,320 

1,752,293 

590,169 

1,133,853 

717,047 

199,478 

237,955 

453,565 

327,939 

203,075 

30,986 

540,602 

183,588 

440,098 

101,290 

351,312 

46,528 

452,638 

94,146 

67,331 

522 

154,056 

$81,220,102 


$63,534,755 

23,565,591 

10,176,271 

7,682,106 

5,340,834 

5,152,006 

3,251,281 

2,454,068 

1,652,123 

1,193,282 

863,257 

799,884 

659,463 

620,671 

418,062 

415,286 

252,766 

237,125 

294,317 

219,817 

204,872 

118,554 

116,163 

67,718 

67.527 

34,436 

3,970 

2,270 

204,690 

$129,603,115 


Exporta  of  ChUe  by  principal  countries  for  5  years;  values  in  United  States  currency: 


Countries 


1913 


1914 


1915 


•  «  •  •   • 


United  States 

United  Kingdom. 

France 

Argentina ', 

Italy 

Japan 

Bolivia 

Netherlands . .  .  ,*  .* 
Java ' ' 

Polynesia.'..*;;;;; 

opain 

Peru ;;;;;"■ 

Australia. ..;;;;;; 

Egypt ;;;;;;;;;;; 

Denmark  . 

Brasii..  :;;;;;; 

Cape  Colony. ...;;;; 

Canada 

Uruguay. ;;;; 

Panama 

Sweden ...;;;;; 

Russia ....;; 

Germany". ; ; ; ; 

Norway 

China. . .    

■w_     .        

•Wenco 
Belgium... 

Portugal ...    

Other  oouAtries' .".■;;;;"■ 
'oreign  Merohandise  Exl 

ported. 
U&ordeta 


$30,413,386 

65,648,341 

8,847,885 

1.034,881 

652,032 

1.333,481 

547,274 

4,470,103 


987,174 

933,297 

22 

410.506 


1916 


1917 


526.367 


424,037 
34,059 


30.772,743 

* ' "  43,89i 

105.055 

6,674.869 

667 

42,617 

1,861.735 


$31,434,241 

40,041,307 

2,245,128 

1,511,508 

738,493 

823,498 

289,715 

3,290,996 


3,376 
356,882 
154,778 
1,041,704 
508,642 
151,829 

""  Voi5',i94 

234,379 

61,550 

832,450 

18,078,986 


22.797 
3,444,558 

'54,362 

1.964,221 


$50,199,243 
40,582,411 
3,554,092 
3,509,474 
1,708,846 
1,779,629 
172,598 
1,443,628 

926,699 

1,610.520 

233.095 

1,971.569 

2.388.234 

1.517,897 

8,159 

523,976 

46,684 

141,568 

96.667 

397.075 

1,827,425 

V2i8',265 


700,916 
125,776 

1.923,528 
2.011.919 


$92,033,567 

48,146,599 

14,088,459 

4,491,903 

1,885,652 

1,408,876 

757,086 

2,415,233 

'  1,393,348 

1,566,736 

942,076 

1,177,787 

329,902 

1,419,295 

28,284 

371,763 

30,738 

46,045 

859,404 

6,971,695 


$155,006,103 
55,388,670 
11,657,554 
8,517,479 
4,799,089 
3,645,100 
3,136,612 
2,764,480 
2,580,180 
1,696,595 
1,570,057 
1,560,502 
1,333,390 
1,231,407 
659,800 
481,234 
467357 
199.173 
116.210 
61.962 
11 


192.002 
65,044 

2,781,967 
4.054,971 


1,215.160 
'i,896',886 


•  t 


I  , 


i 


146 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Exports  of  Chile  by  principal  articles  and  quantity  for  5  yeare: 


Articles 


1912 


1913 


1914 


Silver  ore Kilos 

Copper  ore Tons 

Iron  ore ;.     " 

Nitrate " 

Wheat *• 

Barley " 

Beans " 

Walnuts •• 

Froien  meats " 

Wool •• 


1915 


1916 


535,696 

84.169 

6.542 

2.493,082 

65.995 

10.373 

9,593 

2,761 

5,081 

16.013 


410.297 

138.394 

69,106 

68.893 

14.100 

63,506 

2,666.000 

1.925,245 

52.291 

4,053 

9,305 

61,811 

10,840 

7,843 

3,544 

3.929 

9,843 

13.068 

12,786 

12.166 

358.806 

51.853 

62,079 

53,716 

147.100 

55.020 

1.991,094 

2.966,678 

333 

10,583 

28.008 

15,749 

3.124 

13,624 

1.994 

2,900 

15.830 

20.906 

14.206 

13,981 

Production  and  Industry 
'      The  chief  source  of  Chile's  wealth  is  in  her  mineral  and  nitrate  deposits.    The  mining 
laws  of  the  country  are  liberal,  a  smaU  rental  being  payable  to  the  government  for  each  claim 
exploited.    An  export  tax  is  levied  on  nitrates.    The  total  number  of  mining  claims  in  force 
in  the  republic  in  January,  1916,  was  28,704. 

Distribution  of  mining  claims  in  Chile: 


Minerals 


Number 
of 

Claims 


Minerals 


Number 

of 
Claims 


Minerals 


Gold 

Copper 

Silver 

Gold  and  copper 

Gold,  silver,  and  copper 


2,584 

12,049 

605 

706 

2,065 


Number 

of 
Claims 


Iron 

Manganese 
Borate .... 
Sulphur .  . . 
Petroleum . 


1,394 
109 

2.351 
605 

2.041 


Coal 

Salt  (ordinary) 

Lime 

Potassic  salts  (nitrates) 


129 

378 

451 

1,398 


Annual  production  of  nitrate  since  1891 : 


Years 


Short  tons 


Years 


Short  tons 


Years 


1891. 
1892. 
1893. 
1894. 
1895. 
1896. 
1897. 
1898. 
1899. 


849.106 
928,085 
1,069,879 
1,233,996 
1,439,304 
1,205,257 
1,283.451 
1.447,997 
1,537,998 


1900. 
1901. 
1902. 
1903. 
1904. 
1905. 
1906. 
1907. 
1908. 


1.623,728 
1,418,417 
1.491,483 
1.614,675 
1,694,664 
1,907,178 
1,980,590 
2,006,560 
2,142.363 


1909. 
1910. 
1911. 
1912. 
1913. 
1914. 
1915. 
1916. 


Short  tons 


2.294,521 
2,679,799 
2,740.241 
2,810.706 
3.013.319 
2.677,712 
1,866,564 
3,196,189 


During  the  period  1907-1914  the  world's  consumption  of  nitrate  increased  from 
1,738,680  tons  to  2,708,968  tons.  ^^ 

Number  of  oficinas  (refineries)  in  existence  in  Chile,  the  number  operating  and  the 
number  of  employees  over  a  period  of  5  years:  ' 


Years 


Oficinas 
in  existence 


Oficinas 
working 


Number  of 
workmen 


Years 


1913 
1914 
1915 


169 
170 
171 


Oficinas 
in  existence 


Oficinas 
working 


127 
137 
116 


53,161 
43,979 
45,506 


Number  of 
workmen 


1916. 
1917. 


172 
172 


116 
124 


CHILE 


147 


These  oficinas  used  192,632  tons  of  coal  and  305,919  tons  of  petroleum  as  fuel  in  1915, 
as  compared  with  488,454  tons  of  coal  and  377,059  tons  of  petroleum  in  1913.  British 
and  Chilean  interests  hold  about  90  per  cent,  of  the  properties,  the  remainder  being  owned 
by  North  American  and  German  interests. 

At  the  close  of  1915  there  were  129  coal  mines  in  existence,  principaUy  located  within 
a  short  distance  of  the  ports  of  Talcahuano  and  Coronel,  operated  by  ten  companies.  The 
production  of  coal  falls  far  short  of  the  repubUc's  requirement,  and  coal  is  imported  from 
Great  Britain,  Australia  and  the  United  States,  and  petroleum  from  Peru  and  Mexico. 
1,418,000  tons  of  coal  valued  at  38,289,000  gold  pesos  ($13,630,864)  waa  produced  in  1917.' 
The  foUowing  table  indicates  the  production  of  coal,  its  value  and  the  value  of  imports  of 
coal  and  petroleum  for  6  years  (values  in  United  States  currency) : 


Years 


Tons 


Production  Value 


1910 
1911 
1912 
1913 
1914 
1915 


Value  of  Coal  and  Petro- 
leum Imported 


1,074,174 
1,188,053 
1,344.407 
1,283.450 
1,086,946 
1,171,564 


$5,489,029 
7,371.930 
9.254.112 
8,900,725 
7,934,605 

10,690,521 


$12,181,214 
11.741,524 
15,192,848 
17,150,011 
15,108,518 
7,405,521 


The  principal  deposits  of  iron  are  located  in  the  Coquimbo  district,  where  it  is  estimated 
that  1,000,000,000  tons  exist.  These  deposits  have  been  acquired  by  the  Bethlehem  Steel 
Corporation  and  a  fleet  of  17,000  ton  steamers  is  projected  to  transport  this  mineral.  The 
repubUc  is  likewise  rich  in  copper  mines,  both  developed  and  undeveloped,  which  have 
attracted  large  investments  of  foreign  capital,  chiefly  from  the  United  States.  The  foUow- 
ing  table  shows  the  copper  production  for  1915  and  1916: 


Character  of  Product 


1915 


Total  production 


Fine  copper 


1916 


Total  production 


Copper  bars 
Copper  ejes. 
Copper  ores, 

Total.  . 


Fine  copper 


Tons 
34.793 
17.041 
62,079 


113,913 


Tons 

34,495 

8,101 

9,485 


52,081 


Tons 
58,468 

8,572 
53.716 


120.756 


Tons 

57,924 

4.295 

9,211 


71.430 


The  production  of  sulphur  in  1915  amounted  to  9,769  tons  valued  at  $422,021  United 
States  currency;  gold  production  for  the  same  year  amounted  to  1,335,524  giams;  silver 
production  for  the  same  year  amounted  to  40,445,061  grams;  salt  production  f  Jr  1915 
amounted  to  33,292  tons,  the  record  production  to  date,  and  comparing  with  27,285  tons 
in  1914,  21,513  in  1913,  and  18,749  in  1912.  A  borax  lake  24  miles  long  is  located  at 
Cebollar. 


<:  V 


148 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Agriculture,  in  the  central  valley  district  of  the  agricultural  zone,  is  one  of  the  most 
important  industries.  The  number  of  farms  in  each  province,  their  distribution  according 
to  size,  as  well  as  the  total  number  of  farms  of  each  size  in  the  country,  is  shown  in  the 
following  table: 


Provinces 


5  hect. 
and  less 


5-20 


20-50 


50-200 


200-1000 


1000-5000 


5000  up 


Total 


Taena 

Tarapacd 

Antofagasta 

Atacam^ 

Coquimbo 

Aconcagna  

Valparaiso 

Santiago 

O'Higgins 

Colchagua 

Curic6 

Talca 

Maule 

Linares 

Arauco 

Bio-BIo 

Malleco 

Cautin 

Nuble 

Concepci6n 

Valdivia 

Llanquihud 

Chilo4 

Territorio  de  Magallanes 


1060 
1241 
7 
924 
3214 
2792 
1505 
2457 
1616 
5599 
3014 
1688 
1926 
1628 
290 
768 
258 
161 
2307 
2129 
967 
683 
2768 
27 


39.029 


159 

27 

1 

143 

3435 

769 

380 

343 

358 

1019 

1138 

1051 

2448 

1274 

291 

1107 

306 

373 

2456 

2338 

1091 

1581 

3957 

56 


26,081 


66 

11 

1 

51 

122 

126 

196 

194 

147 

378 

339 

611 

939 

624 

320 

764 

727 

900 

1131 

1044 

1855 

807 

343 

44 


58 

7 

2 

58 

145 

96 

138 

260 

115 

287 

542 

448 

939 

263 

360 

680 

730 

1185 

996 

748 

1677 

1018 

76 

28 


11,749 


10,856 


8 
3 

4 

24 

89 

36 

65 

153 

72 

149 

253 

225 

307 

263 

169 

329 

346 

370 

362 

286 

381 

542 

32 

8 


3,395 


8 
37 

8 
51 
73 
45 
49 
63 
74 
44 
40 
40 
84 
97 
66 
77 
30 
82 
106 

8 
10 


983 


3 
18 
13 
10 
16 

6 
17 
13 
17 

2 
14 

3 
24 
13 

5 
14 


14 

4 


43 


248 


1348 
1289 
16 
1207 
4060 
3840 
2345 
3495 
2369 
7498 
6738 
4144 
6975 
4377 
1473 
3756 
2477 
3059 
7073 
6676 
6067 
4740 
7184 

216 


92.341 


Note:  1  Hectare  =  2.4701  Acres. 


The  following  table  shows  the  distribution  of  crops  by  acreage  in  1917: 


Crop 

Area 

Crop 

Area 

Wheat 

638,975 

54,260 

28,516 

6,064 

727.815 

Alfalfa 

107.852 
178,918 
122.567 

Vttretables 

Clover 

Potatoes 

Other  Pasturage 

Other  CroDS 

Total 

Total 

409.337 

A  recent  government  estimate  showed  that  280,256  square  kilometers  in  the  north  and 
60,316  square  kilometers  in  the  Territory  of  Magallanes  were  capable  of  cultivation,  and 
that  territory  wholly  or  in  part  barren  amounted  to  370,000  square  kilometers. 

A  total  of  27,020  agricultural  machines,  of  which  3,777  are  motor,  are  in  use  throughout 
the  republic.  Grapes  are  grown  from  Coquimbo  as  far  south  as  CJoncepci6n,  and  those 
produced  near  Coquimbo  are  used  chiefly  in  the  wine  industry,  which  is  rapidly  developing 
in  the  provinces  of  Santiago,  O'Higgins  and  Colchagua,  especially  near  the  Maipu  River. 

The  raising  of  domestic  animals  has  become  an  industry  of  great  importance  in  the  terri- 
tory of  Magallanes. 


CHILE 


149 


1913: 


Number  of  livestock  in  Chile  on  December  31,  1915,  as  compared  with  December  31, 


Livestock 


1915 


1913 


Horses. . 
Donkeys 
Mules. . . 
Cattle... 
Alpacas . 


Livestock 


1915 


725,181 

36,930 

61,980 

1.943.954 

13.108 


470,332 

38,100 

42,050 

1,900.057 


Sheep . 
Goats . , 
Pigs. .. 
Llamas 


4,592,620 

393,758 

229,416 

22,675 


1913 


4,900,000 
311,050 
170,000 


Although  Chile  ,3  pnmarUy  a  mining  and  agricultural  country,  manufacturine  is 
developing  There  were  recent  y  80,697  persons  engaged  in  manufacWing.  The  foUow- 
mg  table  Bhows  the  number  of  factories,  the  capital  invested  and  the  value  of  productTn 
m  Umted  States  currency;  pi^uui^t  uu 


Class  of  Establishments 


Number  of 
Establishments 


Capital 
Invested 


Breweries 

Glass  manufactures. 
Mills. 


Sugar  refineries 

Macaroni  and  vermicelli  factories. .!!... 

Biscuit  factories '  * 

Fruit  canneries  and  manufacturer's" of  fiiiit  products 

Meat  factories 

Shipyards !.*!!.!!.'!!!." 

Hat  factories !!.*.'.'.*!![.' 

Corset  manufacturers .*.'!!!!! 

Furniture  factories 

Sawmills '//] 

Cement  factories .'.'.",'!,'.' 

Textile  mills '  * 

^JjJ.ufacturer8  of  indurtrial  and "  k^riVvJtural  mk- 

Manufacturers  of  railway  cars. 

Printers  and  publishers 

Tanneries ..'.'. 

Shoe  manufacturers. .!!!!! 

Powder  manufacturers '.'.'.'.'.', 

Soap  manufacturers 


Total. 


Production 


$6,400,837 

699,811 

14,632,122 

5,193,500 

1.070,996 

454,974 
1,795,006 

189,600 
1,115,108 
1,309,130 

328,687 
5,793,091 
3,517,544 

871,600 
2,891,312 

916,000 
431,182 
5,243,636 
6,139.698 
4,197,624 
29,286 
2,085,479 


$65,307,229 


$3,899,308 
549.594 
17,443.463 
5,920.484 
939,811 
774.068 
724,770 
210.108 
667,822 
994.958 
437.052 
6.052,905 
2,041,951 
540,600 
2,616.911 

760,000 
729,089 
7,230,972 
5,923.441 
5,273,392 
166,136 
2,456,996 

$66,253,837 


Railways: 

from*Sr  I'a'Sou^  20  r*^"*  ^T^  f"^""^  ^  '"««  "^^''y  "^^^g"-  R^Aways  extend 
tCuehth,  ?',  !?^  r.*'  *"  ^"''*°  '^°""'  "2  degrees  south,  forming  an  artery 
^ugh  the  central  sections  of  the  republic;  while  from  ahnost  every  port  and  ^^Z 
town  hnes  radmte  mhtnd,  either  to  connect  with  the  railways  running  northed  souThTr  to 
reach  some  important  center  of  mining  or  agricultural  wealth. 

BouSln7ot"LrA'^.*'  *rr  °\  '•^  «temational  lines,  two  extending  into 
to  A™!^!      mto  Argentma.    Future  plans  caU  for  the  construction  of  additional  Un^ 

•i»es  were  ^d«  ^Zl"^'    ^  *'>«.1»t«,mentioned,  148  mfles  (237  kUometers)  of  new 
s  were  under  construction.    A  considerable  additional  mileage  is  contemplated. 

*  Bo  i3l°v  t*  ,T?)f  •"11'"'^  ^Yl  ^""^  2  f««'  6  inches,  used  by  the  Antofagasta 
<«  b  aU  ^Z^'  ,  "**  ^  "'•''''  "^  ^y  *•"«  S'"**  R^l'^^y^  i"  -central  Chile,  f  here 
<»de"  i^otfr     """"^  "  '^-    "^  ''^''■'-'<^:P->Ponion  of  the  railway  mileage  i^ 


150 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


CHILE 


151 


i 


r'. 


Post  Offices,  Telegraphs,  Telephones,  Tramways: 

Chile  has  927  post  offices  and  14,006  miles  of  telegraph  Une,  9,667  miles  of  which  is 
owned  by  the  govenmient,  with  668  offices.  Nine  wu-eless  stations  are  now  being  erected. 
There  are  34  tramway  Unes  in  the  repubUc,  operating  254  miles  of  line,  and  representing 
an  investment  of  56,039,579  paper  pesos  ($15,691,082  United  States  currency),  having  831 
cars  and  carrying  in  1914,  106,470,230  first  class  and  43,926,878  second-class  passengers. 
There  are  13  telephone  companies  having  268  offices,  and  employing  1,097  persons  and 
having  18,208  subscribers.  The  value  of  the  combined  properties  is  11,866,696  paper 
pesos  ($3,322,674  United  States  currency). 

Steamship  Lines: 

There  is  one  important  steamship  company  and  several  smaller  ones  whose  vessels  fly 
the  Chilean  flag.  The  most  important  company  is  the  Compania  Sud  Americana  de  Vapores, 
owning  10  steamships  of  a  total  net  register  of  14,808  tons  worth,  tugs,  Ughters,  etc.,  amount- 
ing to  3,870  tons  more.  These  steamers  operate  between  Colon  and  Panama  on  the  north, 
and  Paita,  Salaverry,  Callao,  Mollendo,  Arica,  Iquique,  Antofagasta,  Coquhnbo,  and 
Valparaiso. 

Constilar  and  Diplomatic  Representatives: 

Chile  has  a  conslil-general  in  New  York  City,  consuls  in  Boston,  Philadelphia,  Norfolk, 
Baltimore,  Mobile,  Savannah,  New  Orleans,  Detroit,  Indianapolis,  Los  Angeles,  San 
Francisco,  Portland,  Seattle,  Chicago,  St.  Louis,  Manila,  P.  I.,  and  Honolulu,  Hawaii, 
and  a  vice-consul  in  San  Francisco. 

The  United  States  has  a  consul-general  in  Valparaiso,  consuls  and  vice-consuls  in 
Antofagasta  and  Punta  Arenas,  and  consular  agents  in  Arica,  Iquique,  Caldera,  Coquimbo, 
Cruz  Grande  and  Talcahuano. 

Customs  Tariff: 

The  customs  tariff  of  Chile  provides  for  specific  duties,  usually  on  the  basis  of  weight. 
Catalogues  are  not  subject  to  duty  charges. 

Consular  Regulations: 

Consular  blanks  per  set  of  four  cost  $0.25.  Certification  of  original  bill  of  lading  costs 
$0.75;  the  same  charge  is  made  for  each  extra  bill  of  lading,  and  each  extra  consular  invoice. 
The  charge  for  certification  of  consular  invoices  is  $3.00  for  any  amount  up  to  $234.66' 
from  that  amount  up  it  increases  by  $0.50  for  the  first  additional  $32.13  in  value  and 
by  $0.25  for  the  next  $67.90  in  value;  this  process  continuing  up  to  any  amount.  Four 
copies  of  the  consular  invoice  are  required,  and  should  be  made  out  in  Spanish.  Bills  of 
lading  must  be  certified  by  the  consul,  who  keeps  one  copy.  Consular  invoices  will  not  be 
accepted  when  blotted  or  erased.  Packages  must  be  marked  with  stencil,  a  shipping 
number  must  be  marked  on  each  package,  and  must  agree  with  the  number  stated  in  the 
consular  invoice  and  other  documents.  All  particulars  in  connection  with  the  mark  must 
be  stenciled  on  every  package.  The  gross  weight  in  kilos  must  be  marked  on  each  package 
and  must  correspond  with  that  stated  on  the  bill  of  lading  and  consular  invoice.  Packages 
should  be  marked  "  Made  in  U.  S.  A."  although  this  is  not  absolutely  necessary. 
Money,  Weights  and  Measures: 

Although  Chile  is  nominally  on  a  gold  basis,  the  chief  currency  in  use  is  inconvertible 
paper.  The  theoretical  gold  peso,  which  is  the  commonly  accepted  basis  of  international 
transactions,  is  equivalent  to  $0,356  United  States  currency.  According  to  the  law  of  1895 
the  gold  coins  are  the  condor,  doblon  and  escudo,  20,  10  and  5  peso  pieces,  respectively. 
Silver  coinage  is  composed  of  the  peso,  and  the  fifth,  tenth  and  twentieth  of  a  peso,  and  there 
are  bronze  coins  of  2}4, 2, 1  and  >^  centavos.    The  exchange  of  paper  and  gold  peaoa  varies. 


but  the  paper  peso  is  nominaUy  worth  about  $0.20  United  States  currency.    It  is  divided 
mto  100  centavos.  «*»«xcu 

The  metric  system  has  been  officially  established  since  1865,  but  the  old  Snanish 
weights  and  measures,  (see  under  Colombia  and  Argentina)  are  in  use  to  a  Umited  extent 

Language:  Spanish. 
Local  Advertising  Media: 

Important  advertising  media  include  three  dailies  published  in  Santiago,  Valparaiso 
and  Antofagasta,  two  afternoon  dailies  in  Santiago  and  Valparaiso,  three  popular  illmt^d 
weekly  magazmes  two  fashion  magazines,  about  twelve  trade  papers,  including  an  industrial 
m^azi^e'  ''''  ^''*^°'^^^"  publication,  a  medical  journal  and  an  illustrated  agricS 

In  Santiago  besides  the  dailies  mentioned  above  there  are  several  other  Spanish  dailies- 

lUustrated  weekly  shippmg  magazme.  In  Antofagasta  there  are  four  daily  pape^  and  a  semi- 
weekly  commercial  paper.    Iquique  has  five  newspapers  and  Concepcion  hTtwo 
Shipping  Routes: 

Grace  Line. 

West  Coast  Line. 

New  York  and  South  America  Line. 

Goods  may  Ukewise  be  sent  by  most  Unes  operating  steamers  t«  Colon  Panama  for 
transshipment  at  that  port.    See  under  Panama.  '  *'  ^""^ 

Cable  Rates:  From  New  York  or  New  England  states,  $0.50  per  word. 
Postal  Rate:  Postal  Union  rates. 
Mail  Time: 

To  Santiago  via  Panama,  32  days. 
To  Iquique  via  Panama,  26  days. 
Parcels  Post: 

*Mu«fL  ,    -wi"'^  ^^°"^^  °°'  ^  '«'"  ^y  P"<*1=  Po^t.  but  by  open  maU  marked 

Muestras  am  valor"  (Samples  of  no  value).    Prohibitions:  Cinematograrh  filW 
International  Reply  Coupons:  Issued. 
Money  Orders:  Issued. 


1 


152 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


COLOMBIA 


COLOMBIA 

A  Republic  in  South  America  occupying  the  northwest  angle  of  that  continent  and 
bounded  on  the  north  by  the  Caribbean  Sea  and  Venezuela,  on  the  east  by  Venezuela  and 
Brazil,  on  the  south  by  Brazil,  Peru  and  Ecuador,  and  on  the  west  by  Ecuador,  the  Pacific 
Ocean,  Panama  and  the  Caribbean  Sea.  Its  area  is  larger  than  the  combined  areas  of  the 
New  England  States,  New  York,  New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania,  Maryland,  Kentucky,  Ohio, 
Virginia,  West  Virginia,  North  Carolina  and  South  Carolina.  Its  principal  cities  are 
Bogota,  Medellin,  Barranquilla  and  Cartagena. 

The  inhabited  portion  of  Colombia  is  mountainous,  and  while  the  whole  republic  lies 
within  the  north  torrid  zone,  the  elevated  plateaus  and  summits  of  the  Andes  are  responsible 
for  the  varying  climate  conditions  which  prevail  in  the  country.  The  Amazon  region,  the 
Magdalena  and  Cauca  valleys  and  the  coast  lands  are  hot  and  wet  throughout  the  year. 
But  the  inhabited  parts  of  Colombia,  comprising  the  principal  cities  are,  owing  to  their 
elevation,  favored  with  a  temperate  or  subtropical  climate.  In  the  northern  part  of 
Colombia  the  year  is  divided  into  two  seasons,  the  wet  (from  December  to  June),  and  dry 
(from  July  to  December).  Farther  south  the  year  is  divided  into  four  seasons,  alternately 
wet  and  dry.  The  wet  seasons  are  called  winter,  and  the  dry,  summer.  It  is  thus  the 
case  that  Colombia  has  climates  varying  in  temperature  from  the  tropical  to  the  temperate, 
the  changes  corresponding  to  those  ordinarily  associated  with  changes  in  latitude  being 
caused  by  the  increasing  elevation  of  the  country. 

The  principal  industries  of  Colombia  are  agriculture,  mining,  and  the  raising  of  live 
stock.  The  chief  agricultural  crops  are  coffee,  bananas,  com,  cotton,  and  sugar  cane. 
The  important  forest  products  are  rubber,  quebracho,  mahogany,  and  other  hard  woods. 
Gold  is  the  most  important  mineral  product  but  valuable  deposits  of  copper,  iron,  and  coa! 
exist.    Colombia  is  second  only  to  Russia  as  a  producer  of  platinum.    Manufacturing  is 


153 


relatively  unimportant  and  is  largely  confined  to  the  production  of  textiles  and  threads 
soap  and  candles.  The  manufacturing  industries  center  in  Bogota,  Medellin.  Barranauilla 
and  Cartagena.  ^ 

Colombia  has  a  verj-  small  railway  mileage  and  the  greater  part  of  the  traffic  of  the 
country  is  earned  on  the  Magdalena,  Cauca,  and  Atrato  Rivers.  Most  of  Colombia's 
imports  are  made  through  the  Caribbean  ports  of  Cartagena,  Puerto  Colombia,  and  Santa 
Marta.  In  the  past  the  government,  in  an  attempt  to  foster  the  trade  of  the  Pacific  Coast 
assessed  lower  duties  in  the  Pacific  ports  than  in  the  Carribbean.  Recently,  because  of  the 
development  of  the  western  part  of  the  country,  the  port  of  Buenaventura  has  been  made  a 
port  of  call  for  steamers  plying  the  western  coast  of  South  America 

Of  the  total  imports  of  Colombia  in  1918  the  United  States  supplied  56  per  cent.  The 
Umted  States  took  72  per  cent,  of  the  total  exports  in  the  sajne  year.  The  per  capita 
foreign  trade  of  Colombia  in  1918  amounted  to  $11.23;  imports  to  $4.33;  exports  to  $6.90. 

Area  and  Population 

The  area  of  the  Republic  of  Colombia  is  estimated  at  from  430,000  to  470,000  square 
miles.  The  total  population  (census  of  1912)  amounts  to  5,072,604.  The  capital  Bogota 
has  a  population  of  121,257;  MedeUin,  the  second  city  of  importance,  and  a  mining  center' 
has  71,004,  and  Barranquilla,  connected  by  17  miles  of  railway  with  the  coast  at  Puerto 
Colombia,  has  48,907.  The  other  cities  of  importance  are  Cartagena  (population  36  632) 
Manizales  (population  34,720),  Cali  (population  27,747),  Bucaramanga  (population  19  735)' 
Cucuta  (population  20,364),  the  last  two  being  coflfee  centers. 

The  following  table,  compiled  from  the  census  of  1912  shows  the  population  of  each  of 
the  poUtical  subdivisions  of  the  country  and  its  density,  (capitals  of  the  departments  are 
given  m  parenthesis)  : 


Area 
sq.  miles 


Male 


Female 


Total 


lents 


.     .  Departme 

Antioquia  (Medellin) .  . 
Atlantico  (Barranquilla) . . . '  " 

Bohvar  (Cartagena) 

Bovacd  (Tunia) 

Caldas  (Manisales) .... 

Cauca  (Popaydn) .' ."  * ' 

Cundinamarca  (Bogota) 

Huila  (Neiva) ... 

Magdalena  (Santa  Maita)! .'  .* .' 

Nanfio  (Pasto) . . . 

Santander  Norte  (CdcuVa)". '. '  * 

Bantander  Sur  (Bucaramanga) 

Tolima  (Ibagu6) 

Valle  (Cali) 


Per 
sq.  mile 


Total  Departments. 


Choc6  (Quibd6) 
MeU  (VUlavicei 


Intendencies 


Ulavicencio) , 


22,752 
1.008 

22,320 

16,460 
7,380 

20,403 
8,046 
8.100 

19,080 
9,360 
6.255 

17,865 

10,080 
3,897 

182,006 


68.127 


A«i..      /.        Commissaries 

Arauca  (Arauca) 

Caqueti  (Florencia) ...!"" 

jJSSI*.4^"^'^«  Estrella) . .  *. ! 
Jurad6  (Pizarro) .  . 

futumayo  (Mocoa)'. .'.[ 

Urabfi  (Acandi) .  .  

Vaup^s  (CaUmar) .[['.[[[[]'. 


Prisoixteon'"':"'  *;":*.  ^.T^*"'' 

Grand  Total. 


258.845 


440.846 


356,969 

54,939 

205,080 

276.551 

170,495 

103,468 

338,472 

73,689 

70,608 

142,099 

99,482 

191, .398 

136,191 

104,705 

2,324.186 


32,235 
14.784 


2.466 
12,471 
23,632 

4.134 
15.776 

3.299 

2.961 

111.758 
3.147 

2.439.051 


382.465 

59.948 

215,650 

309.948 

170,703 

108.288 

275,496 

84,502 

78,939 

150,436 

104,899 

208,686 

146,235 

112,454 

2,508.649 


35.892 
14,525 


2.456 
12.063 
29.381 

4.073 
15.604 

3.177 

2.584 

119.755 
3.646 

2.632,050 


739.434 

114.887 

420.730 

586.499 

341.198 

211.756 

713.968 

158,191 

149,547 

292,535 

204,381 

400,084 

282.426 

217,159 


4,832,735 


68,127 
29,309 


4,922 
24,534 
53,013 

8,207 
31  ,,380 

6,476 

5.545 

231.513 
6.793 

5.071.101 


32 

114 

19 

35 

46 

10 

88 

19 

7 

31 

32 

22 

28 

55 


26.5 


11.5 


154 


EXPORTERS  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Large  sections  of  the  republic  are  extremely  mountainous,  three  ranges  or  cordiUeras 
extending  in  a  northeast  and  southwest  direction.  The  western  range  borders  the  Pacific, 
the  central  lies  between  the  Cauca  and  Magdalena  Rivers,  while  the  eastern,  on  which 
Bogota  is  located,  falls  away  to  the  headwaters  of  the  Amazon. 

Numerous  rivers  have  some  commercial  and  economic  importance  in  parts  of  the 
country,  the  most  important  being  the  Magdalena,  which  is  navigable  for  1,400  miles  from 
Barranquilla.  The  Cauca  River  is  820  miles  long  and  is  navigable  for  325  nules  in  two 
sections.  The  Atrato  River  which  empties  into  the  Pacific  close  to  the  Panama  border  is 
350  miles  long  and  is  navigable  for  about  two-thirds  of  its  length. 

Commerce. 

The  value  of  the  total  foreign  trade  of  Colombia  in  1918  was  estimated  at  $57,000,000. 
Of  this  total,  imports  were  estimated  at  $22,000,000  and  exports  at  $35,000,000. 

Value  of  the  total  foreign  trade  of  the  United  States  with  Colombia: 


Year 
Ended 

Exports 

Imports 

Per 
Cent. 
Free 

Excess  of 
Exports  (♦) 

or 
Imports  (-) 

June 
30 

Domestic 

Foreign 

Total 

Free 

Dutiable 

Total 

1909... 
1910. . . 
1911... 
1912... 
1913... 
1914... 
1915... 
1916... 
1917... 
1918... 
1919... 

$3,629,571 

3.889,079 

4,836,262 

5,627.541 

7.282,367 

6,690,109 

6.415,327 

11,287,666 

14.667,256 

10.800.819 

$49,499 

90.807 

69.672 

121,318 

115,329 

96,044 

260,237 

379,266 

2.54.313 

193.380 

$3,679,070 

3.979,886 

4.905.934 

5,748,859 

7,397,696 

6,786,153 

6.675,564 

11,666,932 

14.921.569 

10,994,199 

13.441,256 

$6,073,311 
6.788.504 
8,194.111 
10.030.841 
15,104,441 
14,641,503 
17,683,729 
20,497.408 
27.572.481 
24.928.315 

$936,993 

696.637 

800.349 

1.188.640 

875.471 

1.409,617 

1,269,294 

960,621 

1.383.439 

1.047.673 

$7,010,304 
7.485.141 
8,994,460 
11,219,481 
15,979,912 
16,051,120 
18.953,294 
21,458,029 
28,965,920 
25,975,988 
28,267,604 

86.63 
90.69 
91.10 
89.41 
94.56 
91.22 
93.30 
95.52 
95.19 
95.97 

-$3,331,234 

-  3,505,255 

-  4.088,526 

-  5.470.622 

-  8,582.216 

-  9.264,967 
-12.277,459 

-  9,791,097 
-14,044,351 
-14.981,789 

-14,826.348 

Foreign  trade  of  Columbia  during  eleven  years: 


Year 


Imports 


Exports 


Total 


Imports 


Exports 


1908. 
1909. 
1910. 
1911. 
1912. 


$13,513,889 
11,117,927 
17,383.039 
18,108,863 
23,964,623 


$14,998,734 
16,040.193 
17,625,152 
22,375,899 
32.221.746 


Total 


$28,512,623 
27,158,120 
35,008.191 
40.484.762 
56.186.369 


1913 

1914 

1915 

1916 

1917 

1918  (est.) 


$28,535,780 
20,979,229 
17,840,350 
29,660,137 
23,333,826 
22,000,000 


$34,315,252 
32,632,884 
31,579,131 
31,654,277 
40,531,330 
35.000.000 


$62,851,032 
53,612.113 
49,419,481 
61,314,414 
63.865,156 
57,000.000 


Imports  for  five  years  by  countries  of  origin. 


Countries 


1912 


1913 


1914 


1915 


1916 


United  States 

United  Kingdom.. . 

Spain 

France 

Italy 

Netherlands 

Dutch  West  Indies. 

Germany 

Belgium 

Other  countries 

Total 


$7,612,037 

7.838.879 
476.969 

2.011.886 
596.881 

* "  '  mJH 

4.201.125 
570.919 
595.203 


$23,964,623 


$7,629,500 
5.837.400 

'4,40'8,666 
726,100 

*4,bV2,i66 

499.000 

5.423,080 

$6,486,749 
6.346,386 

570,257 
1.249.374 

625,492 

*  * " "  '82,i8i 

2.570.424 

407.525 

2.640.841 

28,535,780 

$20,979,229 

$8,661,781 
5,369,668 
511,766 
478,480 
468,412 
187,347 
68,032 


2,104,864 


$17,840,350 


$16,500,000 
7,500,000 
700,000 
600,000 
550,000 
250,000 
150,000 


$29,660,137 


COLOMBIA 


155 


Imports  by  major  groups  of  articles  for  five  years: 


Articles 


1912 


1913 


1914 


Textiles 

Metals  and  manufactures.  ....'.*.* 
Foodstuffs  and  condiments  ....*."!!!.'!!'" 
Locomotion:  Railway       carsj       oairiages, 

wagons,  etc 

Soft  drinks,  wines  and  liquors!  .'.*!!!.'.'.'!** 

Drugs  and  medicines \\\\ 

Material  for  the  arts  and  trades! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 
Firearms,  accessories  and  ammunition' !  " 
Paper,  school  and  office  supplies. ... 

Lighting  and  fuel !!!!!! 

Crystal,  glass,  porcelain  azid  earthenware! ! 
Agricultural  and  mining  implements  and 

machinery 

Hides  and  skins  and  maniifactui^ . ! ! 

Wood  and  manufactures 

Electrical  material !!!!!!!! 

Animals 

Oils  and  greases ! ! ! ! ! 

Perfumery  and  soap ...  .'..!!!!! 

Varnish,  colors  andink. 

Tobacco ! 

Rubber,  celluloid,  etc . ! ! ! !!!!!!! 

Musical  instruments ! ! ! ! 

Tortoise  shell,  horn,  etc .  ! ! ! ! 

Explosives  and  combustibles 

Plants  and  seeds....  

SUvercoin 

MisceUaneous..  

Parcel  post  packages  ! 


1915 


$10,547,134 
2.916,925 
3,054,953 

1,031.711 
835.772 
838.349 
620.251 
57,439 
477.522 
564,063 
503,579 

381.588 
459,607 
317,402 
175.639 
26.017 
171,734 
152,170 
125.862 


$11,455,233 
3,163.697 
2,817,420 

1,164,104 
1,051,412 
947,189 
904,317 
605,527 
655.609 
623.502 
520,229 

603.875 
486.236 
359,392 
320.261 
289.478 
169.067 
163.363 
161.774 


1916 


Total . 


102.358 
69.623 
75.600 
94.116 


365,209 


$23,964,623 


148.436 
89.664 
78,237 
68,843 


470,426 
1.648.400 


$28,636,780 


$6,785,236 
2.607,472 
1.974,469 

1,027,950 
747,657 
770,700 
461,179 
265,987 
566.417 
654.897 
496.110 

897.190 

380.776 

249.480 

222.566 

184,084 

200,092 

115,329 

122,170 

243.313 

82,994 

70.860 

39.167 

81.466 

7.964 

149,076 
1,612.361 


6,611,472 
1,435,405 
2,296,936 

660.045 
309,544 
818.942 
247,610 
66,164 
508,243 
607.056 
249.047 


$20,979,229 


891.302 
354,214 
174.496 
169.343 
8.822] 
186.671 
90.128 
164.921 
148.433 
41.803 
72.995 
14,826 
89.206 
7.637 
307,561 
148,761 
1.280,898 


$17,840,350 


$13,476,932 
2,240,846 
2.436,579 

537,133 
666,361 
1,346,616 
351,727 
87,176 
913,603 
681,817 
518,062 

830,622 
316.387 
192.302 
216.495 
9.072 
242.450 
102.067 
199.146 
204,046 
144.109 
148,009 
76.299 
91,167 
6,448 
646,851 
327,366 
2.653,680 

$29,660,137 


Exporte  under  major  edifications  of  commodities  by  countries  of  destination : 


Articles  and  Countries 


1915 


VegeUble  products 

United  SUtes..!!!!!! 

Fiance . 

United  Kiiidom 

Dutch  West  Indies 

Ect^or*. 

Mineral  pr;>ducte!! 

United  sta£:::: 

United  Kingdom 

Panama    ^^"" 

Animal  products' 

United  SteL 

Spain  

Wiueia'; 

i>utch  West  ii&V;:! !!!!!! 

PraJ<;^!! 

-,    United  Ki^idom 

I'ffltta^ti?^-^- ••••••'•■•• 

^^l ::::::::::::::: 

United  ki^om 

,.    Othercou^i   

Live  animals  

Panama 

Venesueiii 

Ecuador 

^.   UnitedStk't;; 

PwSa.'!!! 

United  Kingdom;.!!!!!!!!!!; 


1916 


'  •  •  •  I 
•  •  •  < 


•  «•••. 


$17,584,547 

12.827,167 

221.285 

2.608.228 

68,536 

180,033 

19.856 

61,835 

6,336,740 

5,369,967 

959.025 

2.990.602 
2,317.116 
351.790 
65,029 
66,305 
36,343 
23,758 
126,572 
1.110,709 
936,037 
39,697 
17.870 
89.653 
21,136 
121,000 
37,400 
46,703 
33.819 
1.468 
12,769 
4,220 
1.430 
1.160 


$19,460,480 
16,605,387 
393,122 
265,502 
250,698 
162.707 
34,512 
19,372 
7.289,070 
6,863,683 
365,170 
54,500 
3,115,251 
2,755,921 
165,766 
77,949 
74.029 
17,328 
9,159 
8,105 
1,173.159 
1,001,912 
30,758 
12,368 
11.350 
60.276 
621,906 
478.966 
19.526 

•  •••«••••• 

1.762 
25.968 
11.442 

2,042 
750 


156 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Exports  by  countries  of  destination  for  five  years  (United  States  currency) : 


Countries 


1912 


1913 


1914 


1915 


1916 


United  States 

Venezuela 

United  Kingdom 

Panama 

France 

Dutch  West  Indies 

Spain 

Italy ,[[ 

Ecuador 

Belgium 

Germany ..!!..!! 

Other  countries 

Addition  for  market  values  over  customs 
house  values,  Cofifee  and  Hides 


Total. 


$15,832,882 


4.376.182 
'6*26,  i99 
'302.918 


1.854,211 
9,230,354 


$32,221,746 


$18,861,800 


5,566,000 
797.966 


593,700 
3,216,200 
5,279.652 


$34,315,252 


I$18,272,332 


5,874,512 

173,726 

457,993 

117,640 

51,996 

21,078 


76,594 
1,779,393 
2,313,076 

3,494,544 


$32,632,884 


$21,945,602 

1,590,779 

3,692,207 

59,550 

253,986 

126,510 

419.885 

236.269 

97.585 


258,349 
2,898.409 


$31,579,131 


$27,293,608 
1,718,873 
650,877 
551,012 
405,915 
326,815 
195,314 
174,445 
98.338 


239.080 


$31,654,277 


Exports  by  major  groups  of  articles  for  five  years  (United  States  currency) : 


Articles 


1912 


1913 


1914 


1915 


1916 


Vegetable  products 

Mineral  products 

Animal  products ,'.".*' 

Manufactured  products 

Live  animals \[[ 

Miscellaneous  products 

Currency !.!!!!! 

Gold  and  silver  coin  by  parcel  post 

Addition  for  market  values  over  custom 
house  values.  Coffee  and  hides 


Total. 


$20,792,418 

7.769.388 

2,258.701 

1.210,678 

150.606 

31,809 

8,146 


$32,221,746 


$23,975,300 

5,514,600 

3,362,700 

1,017,100 

85,800 

48,152 

300.100 

11,500 


$34,315,252 


$17,756,091 

6,377.624 

2,053.673 

1.416.804 

17,617 

32,953 

1.482,779 

800 


$32,632,884 


$17,584,547 

6.336.742 

2.990.602 

1,110.709 

121.000 

12.768 

524,353 


2,898,410 


$31,579,131 


$19,460,480 

7.289.070 

3.115,250 

1,173,159 

521.906 

25.968 

68.444 


$31,654,277 


{Reduction  and  Industry 

The  coastal  and  hot  regions  of  the  republic  produce  com,  sugar  cane,  sea-island  cotton, 
rubber,  cacao,  bananas,  fibres,  tropical  fruits  and  vegetables.  The  mountainous  and  upland 
regions  yield  cofifee,  apples,  peaches,  berries,  potatoes,  wheat,  barley  and  all  products  of 
the  temperate  zone.  Bananas,  cacao  and  rubber  are  grown  on  the  Magdalena,  and  the 
valleys  of  the  Atrato  and  Leon.  On  the  Sinu  River  there  is  much  good  banana  land,  and 
about  6,000,000  bunches  of  bananas  are  exported  annually  from  the  port  of  Santa  Marta 
alone,  while  large  shipments  are  made  from  Cartagena  also.  The  average  value  of  annual 
banana  exports  from  1911  to  1915  exceeded  $2,500,000. 

Coffee  is  the  leading  export  of  the  country.  In  1916  the  value  of  the  coffee  exports 
was  $15,996,032,  compared  with  $16,247,627  in  1915,  (exports  for  that  year  amounting  to 
over  149,000,000  pounds),  $16,098,185  in  1914  and  $18,369,768  in  1913.  Colombia  exports 
about  95  per  cent,  of  her  annual  crop.  The  principal  coffee  producing  district  is  in  the 
Department  of  Cundinamarca,  in  which  out  of  an  approximate  total  of  80,000,000  trees  in 
the  country,  30,000,000  have  been  planted.  The  grade  of  coffee  produced  in  this  region  is 
known  in  the  market  as  "Bogota"  coffee. 

Sugar  and  cotton  are  grown  mainly  for  local  consumption,  and  some  rubber  and 
tobacco  are  bemg  exported,  the  latter  formerly  going  chiefly  to  Germany.  Rubber  trees 
grow  wild  in  large  areas,  and  are  beginning  now  to  form  the  nucleus  of  a  potentially  im- 
portant industry. 


COLOMBIA 


157 

The  country  contains  large  areas  of  natural  pasturage  and  the  nnmhpr  ^f      ..1    • 

The  forest  area  of  Colombia  produces  nearly  every  known  variety  nf  f,„M         j 
■nchidrng  hgnum-vitae,  quebracho,  mahogany,  c^ar  and  ^ZutZZ^JZLZot' 
The  tagua  nut  is  grown  and  exported  to  a  considerable  extent.        '  ^  ^^  ^  mangrove. 

areat'rinrSr^tr'luh^etfoVZ^^^^^^  ""'  V^'"'  "^^^^  "^  '-«  "^^ 
five  most  important  rniZrT;Zuc^lt^:^:i2V^\^^^^'°^^^^^ 

12,181;  Narino,  2,452;  Caldas,  2,610;  e1  vXr^l ;  ToZa.li^''        "'    ^°*"''"'''' 
and  ^Z^e  'Towlte  m^t'-^^T  r'-'"""""''  ^''^"-  ^-dinamarca,  Santander 

1915  amou:t- g  ^TJ:m^i^z:^sS;  -s  t.7T  °r  r -:  '^ 

gold  production  since  the  Spanish  conquest  is  in  ex^  crf*^,^^.  J^^^'l'^f^ 
$30,000,000  The  majority  of  the  emLds  mined  ^aye^rCi^lmtia  T^' 
government  controls  the  chief  mines  at  Muzo  Poon,,.,  «J  cT  !,  ^"""bia.  The 
Colombia  produces  more  platinum  th^n  any  o£  eo^t  °  ^nm^.'al^T'  *"  ''"""'; 
platinum  were  produced,  valued  at  «494  S«S      T^^        k    V       ,  '"*^  *™y  """"^^  °' 

of  Cundinamarca  co^ntZh^^fTu'^-  \™°  T-  ^  ^^  '""^^^ '"  ^^^  Department 
located  at  Nerc;,n  ^aq'^  t^^':  tZ%Z'  7^  n"  "^"  '''"''  ^"  ^'^'"^  ^"^ 
and  its  production  (vafuXn  l^^t^iolToT;,  *  '  ^P'^'-^'  of  Cundinamarca, 
deposits  have  been  l<x;ated  in  the  district^f  ?k.  ^       a  government  monopoly.    Asphalt 

magnesia,  marble  aW   chTlk  t»f  i  !    TJ  ^'«<^'''«'«'  ^^^^.  and  quick-silver, 

s    "  o.  "'aruie,  amm,  cnalk,  lead,  hme,  and  sulphur  have  h<vn  nm^„^^      d  *    i 


Number  of  manufactories,  kind,  and  the  capital  invested: 


Establishment 


replies  and  thread 

Oil  refining 

Electric  light  and'^wer:::::::: 

Matches*.:: 

chocoiat;;.: 

Cigars  and  cigarette's'.: : : .' .'  .* : : : " 
fend'Si'^^'^^-'^to- 

soap^and  candles:::::::::::::: 

Tajminge^-i::::;;;;;;;;... 

Ironfoundrie^i'.;:: 

t^arbonated  beveraireii 

g»«tilledliquo«!^^^ 

Another^. 


Number 


Capital 
Invested 


Total. 


21 
1 
1 

5 
6 
5 
8 
8 
3 
5 

18 
6 
1 
3 
3 
7 
1 
1 

18 


$3,530,400 
2,000.000 
1,200.000 
1,086.000 
780,000 
750.000 
517,700 
428,000 
420.000 
433,000 
330,400 
255,000 
200.000 
150,000 
150,000 
38.200 
22.000 
10,000 
204.300 


121 


fl2,406,000 


'<  textile  mills  1  flo,„  m,M  9     ?  l^f'^f"^  ^^  "">'»  than  $500,000  each;  10  manufactories 

1  fnmng  ex^act  feeto,^';  !  "        ,  '^*!^"''  '  "*'"*'"  ^'"'*^'y  ""-^  '  '^oeolate  factory  and 
extract  factory)  are  cap.tahzed  at  $200,000  to  $500,000  each;  12  factori^  are 


158 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


COLOMBIA 


159 


r 


capitaUzed  at  $100,000  to  $200,000,  15  at  $50,000  to  $100,000,  50  at  $10,000  to  $50,000  and 
28  at  less  than  $10,000. 

The  geographical  distribution  of  these  industrial  enterprises  is  as  follows:  Bogotd 
contains  40,  with  a  total  capitahzation  of  $3,013,000;  MedeUin  30,  with  a  capitalization  of 
$2,380,600;  Barranquilla  18,  with  a  capitalization  of  $1,370,000;  Cartagena  12,  with  a 
capitalization  of  $2,993,000. 

Railways: 

In  Colombia  there  are  15  lines  of  railway  with  a  total  length  of  740  miles.    Of  the  total, 
466  miles  have  a  gauge  of  3  feet,  the  rest  a  metre  gauge. 
Post  Offices  and  Telegraphs: 

Postal  faciUties  between  Barranquilla  and  foreign  countries  are  stated  to  be  excellent. 
There  are  843  post  offices.  Mails  and  passengers  are  conveyed  every  three  days  to  and 
from  the  interior.  In  July,  1915,  there  were  12,000  miles  of  Government  telegraph  lines 
with  625  offices. 

Money: 

The  monetary  unit  of  Colombia  is  the  gold  peso,  valued  at  $0,973  (U.  S.).  The  other 
coins  in  circulation  are  the  condor,  equivalent  to  10  pesos  or  $9.73  (U.  S.);  the  double 
condor,  equivalent  to  20  pesos  or  $19.46  (U.  S.);  the  medio  condor,  equivalent  to  5  pesos  or 
$4,865  (U.  S.);  and  the  cuarto  condor,  equivalent  to  2.50  pesos  or  $2.4325  (U.  S.).  The 
peso  weighs  1.5976  grammes  and  is  0.9167  fine. 

The  subsidiary  pieces  are  of  silver  and  nickel,  the  former  0.900  fine,  in  denomina- 
tions of  50,  20,  and  10  centavos,  the  latter  in  denominations  of  1,  2,  and  5  centavos.  The 
gold  peso  is  equal  to  100  centavos. 

The  ordinary  medium  of  exchange  is  the  paper  peso.  By  law  the  paper  may  be  con- 
verted into  gold  only  at  the  rate  of  10,000  to  1, 

Weights  and  Measures: 

The  use  of  the  metric  system,  legally  adopted  by  Colombia  in  1857,  is  obligatory  in 
customs-houses  and  other  government  offices. 

In  the  interior,  and  to  a  certain  extent  in  ordinary  commerce,  the  old  Spanish  system 
of  measures  survives.    This  system  with  equivalents,  is  as  follows: 

Vara  (yard)  =  31 .496  inches = 80  cm.  or  0.8  meters. 

Cuadra  =  100  varas =37.48  yards. 

Libra  =  1.102  lbs.  avoirdupois. 

Arroba =25  Colombian  lbs.  =  27.55  lbs.  avourdupois  -  12 H  kilos. 

Quintal  =  100      "  "    « 110.20   "  "         -  50         " 

Carga  =  250         "  "    -275.5     "  "         -125         " 

Consular  Representatives: 

United  States  consular  officials  are  stationed  at  Barranquilla,  Buenaventura,  Medellin, 
Santa  Marta,  and  Cartagena. 

Colombia  consular  officials  are  stationed  at  Mobile,  Los  Angeles,  San  Francisco, 
Chicago,  New  Orleans,  Baltimore,  Boston,  Gulfport  (Miss.),  St.  Louis,  Newark,  Buffalo, 
and  New  York  City. 

Customs  Tariff: 

Specific  duties  based  upon  weight  are  assessed,  and  some  articles  pay  an  ad  valorem 
duty  on  the  declared  value. 

Catalogues  are  admitted  free  of  duty.  Other  advertising  matter  is  subject  to  the 
following  rates: 


Advertisements  on  paper  or  cardboard,  with  or  without  oleographs,  and  with  or  wifho„f 
cardboard  frames,  2.04  cents  per  kilo  (2.2046  lbs.)  gross  weight  °"* 

Calendars  m  pamphlet  form  or  for  walls,  1.02  cents  per  kilo,  gross  weight 
Calendars  m  sheets,  2.04  cents  per  kilo.  ^^  weignt. 

Advertisements  on  tin  plate,  17.34  cents  per.kilo. 
Advertisements  on  enameled  iron,  20.4  cents  per  kilo 
Advertisements  on  copper,  bronze,  brass,  etc.,  51  cents  per  kilo. 
Consular  Regulations: 

Five  copies  of  consular  invoice  in  Spanish  are  reouired   RnH  m„«f  k  ^  ^  r 

certification  not  later  than  the  day  prece^ne  saih^/ TL  fi    .        ^\^^  presented  for 
rate  of  3  per  cent,  of  the  total  v JL  0?^^^^^^^  ^'^^  ''I  ^*  *^« 

stencil  or  brush,  and  weights  need  not  beTar\"  d  on  t^^^^^^^ 
must  be  made  out  for  each  mark-  P«ph  r.o«i.«  \T         P^^^'^age.    Separate  mvoices 

correspond  to  that  on  the  co^trvof^!^'  ^  """"^'^'  '^'^  ''"'  °""''*'  --' 

Language:    Spanish. 

Local  Advertising  Media: 

.There  are  two  important  dailies  in  Bogota,  one  in  Barrann.„ll«    or>^ 
newspaper  in  Medellin.  barranquilla,  and  one  weekly 

Shipping  Routes: 

United  Fruit  Company. 

Royal  Mail  Steam  Packet  Company. 

Caribbean  Steamship  Co.,  Ltd. 

Cable  Rates: 

^^  Jo  Buenaventun.,  $0.50;  other  places,  $0.65  per  word,  from  New  York  or  New  England 

Postal  Rates:    Postal  Union  rates. 

Mail  time:    Eleven  days  to  Cartagena  from  New  York 

Parcel  Post: 

'-.ion  trereof."  ??o^Ss:  A™  1Z2\u    Z^co  '^*''  ''r\'''  '"""'>  °' 
admissable  in  inf^m«f,v.r,oi  •  Jeweis,  etc.,  from  countries  where  they   are    not 

-a,  ana%^\^rr:LTu'^;:tto^rzrrtr '^'''^"'^-  ^^^"^  -^--^ 

Money  Orders:    Not  issued. 
International  Reply  Coupons:    Not  issued. 


160 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


ECUADOR 

A  republic  on  the  west  coast  of  South  America  bounded  on  the  north  and  northeast 
by  Colombia,  on  the  southeast  and  south  by  Peru,  and  on  the  weet  by  the  Pacific  Ocean. 
Its  area  is  approximately  equivalent  to  the  combined  area  of  the  New  England  States  and 
New  York.  The  principal  cities  are  Guayaquil,  the  chief  port,  and  Quito,  the  capital, 
situated  in  a  fertile  plateau  of  the  Andes. 

The  city  of  Guayaquil  is  hot  and  humid  throughout  the  year.  At  Quito  the  climate 
is  perpetually  springlike.  There  are,  in  general,  two  seasons,  the  wet,  from  December  to 
June,  and  the  dry  from  July  to  November.  The  rainy  season,  called  winter,  is  broken  by 
a  short  period  of  dry  weather  called  the  "veranillo,"  or  '^ttle  summer,"  which  occurs  in 
December,  while  the  dry  season  is  broken  in  September  by  a  short  wet  period  called  the 
"inviemillo,"  or  "little  winter."  The  hot  climate  of  the  coast  is  somewhat  modified  in 
certain  localities  by  the  cold  Humboldt  current  which  sweeps  up  the  Pacific  coast  from  the 
Antarctic  seas  to  the  Gulf  of  Guayaquil. 

The  principal  industry  of  Ecuador  is  agriculture,  the  chief  product  being  cacao.  Other 
important  crops  are  coffee,  sugar  cane  and  grapes.  Forest  products,  including  tagua  nuts, 
rubber,  dye  woods,  and  hardwoods,  are  important.  The  raising  of  livestock  is  increasing 
in  importance.  Mineral  resources  are  extensive,  but  not  highly  developed.  The  principal 
manufacturing  industry  of  Ecuador  is  the  production  of  "Panama"  hats. 

Ecuador  has  a  small  railway  mileage,  the  principal  line  being  that  running  from  Guaya- 
quil to  Quito.  Other  lines  run  from  the  port  of  Bahia  de  Caraquez  to  Quito,  and  from  the 
port  of  Manta  to  Santa  Ana. 

Of  the  total  imports  of  Ecuador  in  1918  the  United  States  supplied  48  per  cent.,  and 
took  66  per  cent,  of  the  total  exports  in  the  same  year.  The  per  capita  foreign  trade  of 
Ecuador  in  1918  amounted  to  $13.90;  imports  to  $4.40;  exports  to  $9.50. 


ECUADOR 


161 


Area  and  Population 
Estimatea  of  the  total  population  vary  according  to  the  definition  of  boundaries  and 
no  estunate  can  be  more  than  approximate,  since  large  parts  of  the  territories  claimil  by 
Ecuador  "e  unexplored.    The  repuWic  is  divided  into  seventeen  provinces,  the  population 
of  which,  with  that  of  their  capitab,  are  given  in  the  following  table: 


Province 


Population 


Capital 


Inhabitants 


Aruay 

Bolivar 

Caflar 

Carchi 

Chimborazo . 
Eameraldas . 
Gal&pagos .  . 

Guayas 

Imbabura.  . 

Leon 

Loja , 

Manabi .  .  . . , 

Oriente 

Ore 

Pichincha 

Los  Rloa .  .  .  . 
Tungurahua . 


132,400 
43.000 
64.000 
36.000 

122.000 

25,000 

500 

98,100 

68,000 

109.600 
66,000 
64,100 
80,000 
32,600 

205,000 
32,800 

103,000 


40,000 
6,000 
5,000 
4,000 
20,000 
5.000 
300 
80,000 
10.000 
12,000 
12,000 
10.000 
5,000 
5,000 
75,000 
5,000 
12,000 

WO^^^Z'^"^^  three-fourths  of  the  total  population  are  Indians;  there  are  about 
300,000  to  400,000  Mestizos,  100,000  to  200,000  Whites,  and  a  small  number  of  Ne^o^ 

Commerce 

Of  ti^lM^r-  °^  "1"  '°''''  '°'''^''  '""'"  "^  ^""'"•"^ '°  1918  was  estimated  at  «27,800  000 
Of  this  total,  unports  were  estimated  at  89,800,000  and  exports  at  $18,000,000 

Value  of  total  foreign  trade  of  the  United  States  with  Ecuador  for  eleven  years: 


Cuenca 

Guaranda .  .  . 

Azogues 

Tulcan 

Riobamba . . . , 
Esmeraldas. . , 
San  Cri8t6bal . 
Guayaquil . . . , 

Ibarra 

Latacunga 

Loja 

Portov'iejo. . . . 
Archidona .  .  . . 

Alachala 

Quito 

Babahoj'^o .  .  , . 
Ambato 


Year 

Ended 

June 

30 


Exports 


Domestic   i     Foreign     I       Total 


Free 


Imports 
Dutiable 


Total 


1909.. 

1910.. 

1911.. 

1912.. 

1913.. 

1914.. 

1915... 

1916... 

1917... 

1918.. 

1919... 


$1,846,004 
2,213.907 
2.234,998 
2,138,124 
2.550,897 
2.951.038 
2,767.305 
3.557,362 
5,916,662 
4.835.926 


S3,653 

2.044 

3.541 

5.481 

2.888 

16,721 

76,608 

73,376 

120.079 

88.618 


$1,849,657 
2,215,951 
2,238,539 
2,143,605 
2,553.785 
2.967,759 
2,845,913 
3.630,738 
6,036,741 
4,924,. 544 
5,017,636 


Value  of  foreign  trade  for  eleven  years: 


$2,422,744 

$307,628 

2,593,767 

265.947 

3,458,821 

169.984 

3,556,949 

171,984 

2,918,929 

118.760 

3.262,950 

332,506 

3,974,264 

504,493 

5,329,676 

518.614 

10,083,296 

584,478 

10,126.015 

■  •*••• 

761.953 

1 

Per 
Cent. 
Free 


Excess  of 
Exports  (+) 

or 
Imports  (-) 


$2,730,372 

2,859,714 
3.628,805 
3.728.933 
3,037.689 
3,595,456 
4,478,757 
5,848,290 
10,667,783 
10,887,968 
9,009.005 


88.73 
90.70 
95.31 
95.39 
96.09 
90.75 
88.74 
91.15 
94.53 
93.00 


-$880,715 

-643,763 

-1,390,266 

-1.585,328 

-483,904 

-627,697 

-1.632,844 

-2,217,552 

-4,631,042 

-5.963,424 

-3,991.369 


1908. 

1909.  • 

1910.  " 
1911.." 
1912.   •• 

1913..:: 
lilt: 


•  •  •  • 


$9,989,. 599 
9,090.262 
8,007,269 

11.489.104 

10,.354.564 
8,836,689 
8,402,767 
8.408.143 
9.330,171 

10,176,887 
9.800.000 


$12  907,774 
12,091,096 
13.6.38.358 
12,692,237 
13,689,696 
15,789.367 
13,061,566 
12,895,069 
17,569,691 
16.309,195 
18.000,000 


$22,897,373 
21.181.358 
21,645.937 
24.181.341 
24,044,260 
24,626,056 
21.464.333 
21.303.212 
26^899,862 
26,486.082 
27.800.000 


162 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


The  value  of  imports  by  couintries  of  origin  for  five  years: 


Countries 

1913 

1914 

1915 

1916 

1917 

Unitwi  States 

$2,817,754 

2,617,926 

235,674 

434,740 

160,160 

295,720 

63,560 

42.144 

4,898 

85,376 

100,762 

20.123 

25 

$2,770,599 

2,414,662 

364,667 

326.770 

299.128 

389.220 

52.535 

34.456 

17.884 

34,249 

24,655 

13.278 

60.410 

$3,203,972 

3,347,444 

330,286 

246.297 

269.857 

399,263 

58,154 

15.562 

11.861 

55.341 

4.287 

45,484 

172.085 

21.389 

115.626 

30.872 

50,743 

29,620 

$9,354,270 

2,388,795 

492,160 

389,244 

153,361 

257.317 

71,511 

13.005 

23,732 

34,157 

1,978 

26,439 

24,329 

37.766 

29,403 

529 

6.268 

25.907 

$5,932,066 

United  Kingdom 

Spain 

France 

Peru 

Italv               

2.459,624 
508,667 
324.510 
254.765 
194.941 

Chile                          

165.399 

Panama 

Japan.. 

C^rilmnhift.                    ..... 

90.769 
60,466 
43.623 

British  India 

China 

Netheriands 

flwMl(>n                       

38,880 

32.331 

16.408 

4.677 

AiiatrAliA                            .  . 

62,553 

321,155 

1.563.129 

10.990 

80,757 

278,230 

1.203.566 

37.701 

TlAliriiim                    

0«»rinanv     .    .......... 

Other  countries 

49.761 

Total            

$8,836,689 

$8,402,767 

$8,408,143 

$9,330,171 

$10,176,887 

Value  of  imports  by  commodities  for  five  years  in  United  States  currency: 


Classification 

1913 

1914 

1915 

1916 

1917 

Oilfl  in  seneral      

$76,836 
64,232 
85.772 

$84,273 
19,456 
56,214 

$73,383 
27.114 
41.616 

$87,968 

8,871 

81,247 

$83,613 

T*iv**  AnimAlfi                     ...........••••••••• 

31,636 

Arms  and  ammunition 

104,176 

Alimentary  substances 

1.413.716 

1.319,687 

1.239,689 

1,254,649 

1,466,451 

Boots,  shoes,  and  findings 

141.122 

208.843 

184,590 

350,065 

208,477 

Vehicles 

100,405 

66.940 

43.300 

162,471 

234,967 

Cement,  earths,  and  stones 

41.697 

34.944 

46.451 

58,476 

54,135 

T^athpr  n)a.niif antures 

84,787 
295.464 

64,440 
290.468 

18,919 
280.300 

18,787 
459,572 

37,511 

Drugs  and  medicines 

407,809 

VphapIa ■ 

32,531 
644.927 

21,705 
169,252 

69.391 
5.181 

36.474 

5,409 
755,740 

11,036 
169,825 

44,321 
965,424 

39,157 

17.729 
573,333 

19,075 
117.313 

31.064 
4,403 

40.8,')6 

6.906 
604,941 

18.447 
261,917 

52.322 
102.174 

76,a57 

7,061 

TTRpHwftre                 

720,117 

Matrhfifl                

2.512 

Cordanre                   

318.418 

1^iiiii<*a.l  inatniments 

73.510 

Jp'Wi'lrv                                

14.314 

Bookfi  blank  and  orinted 

43.419 

Crookerj'  and  glassware 

98.292 

73.113 

41,307 

103,142 

165.876 

Lumber,  rough  and  finished 

74.137 

45.135 

36.805 

32,419 

73.034 

Machinerv         

582.364 

325.557 

150.317 

72,396 

365.769 
337.265 
178.581 
141.321 

274,060 
322.704 
118.328 
196.355 

438.249 
263,139 
255.422 
250.286 

465.810 

\f  ininir  nrnducts         • 

261.862 

Paner  in  treneral    

365,427 

Perfumery,  etc 

281.692 

Paints  and  varnishes 

29,057 

55.477 

33,436 

55.547 

120,619 

Ready-made  clothing 

352,626 

356.160 

297,174 

528.708 

527.892 

Silk  fabric,  pure  or  mixed 

16.900 

19,955 

23,097 

38.563 

86,636 

Hats 

134.807 

129,879 

118,841 

128.762 

96.599 

Textiles,  other  than  silk 

1.885.071 

2,163.286 

1,769,942 

2,180,084 

2.849.472 

Vegetables 

53,078 

63,245 

84.357 

158,768 

216.84S 

Candies 

107,737 

143.976 

161.761 

212,413 

182.011 

Wines  and  liquors 

225,913 

235,651 

201.709 

233.750 

21.218 

Rubber,  manufactures  of 

16,020 

27,030 

34.224 

Miscellaneous 

743.606 

'51*2.285 

453.001 

357,014 

285,840 

ECUADOR 


163 


UnoflScial  statistics  of  exports  from  Guayaqml  during  1918: 


Articles 


Achiote 

Brooms 

Cabula  fiber 

Cacao 

Castor  beans .... 

Chocolate 

Cinchona  bark . . . 

Coffee 

Condurango  bark. 

Cotton 

Cottonseed 

Cow  hair 

Gold  products ... 

Hammocks 

Hammock  straw . . 
Hats,  Panama .  .  .  . 
Hides: 

Alligator 

Calf 

Cattle 

Hogs 

Llama 

Sheep 

Other 


Articles 


Pounds 


38,465 
31,325 
60,791 
74,037,891 
7,716 
167,800 
185.993 
7,068,336 
37,593 
274,149 
174.937 
328 
21.921 
2,460 
128,545 
91,373 

8,280 

4,063 

1.462.818 

3.523 

439 

73.207 

51.361 


$3,397 
20,753 
2.685 
11.445.042 
596 
22,233 
16,429 
1.014,602 
1,660 
121,083 
3,864 
17 
691,551 
2.168 
34,064 
684.799 

1.097 

413 

366,343 

389 

155 

25,866 

5^72 


Value 


Ivory  nuts 

Leather,  sole... 

Lumber: 

Oak 

Bamboo 

Mangle  bark 

Orchilla 

Pitch 

Pumice  stone . , . 

Rubber 

Soap 

Starch ■.*.*." 

iTamarinds 

Tannin  extract.. 
Toasted  coffee . . 
Tobacco,  leaf . . 

Wool 

All  other  articles . 


Total, 


136,336 
125,792 

64,304 
103,844 
1.424,708 
21,522 
5,175 
8,547 
64,265 
12,015 
15,086 
203 
88,222 
1,037 
870,407 
2.058,672 
284,531 


$3,012 
19,445 

2.082 
1.193 
15.731 
952 
172 
226 
14,192 
1,326 
1.999 
10 
4.871 
183 
80.732 
477.355 
14,141 


89.217,980 


$15,102,501 


Distribution  of  the  export  trade  of  Guayaqua  during  1918: 


Countries 


Poimds 


Value 


Chile 

Colombia .  . 
Coeta  Rica , 
Honduras 
Italy 

Mexico 

Panama 


Countries 


6,987,936 

383,854 

1.419 

1.798 

80,449 

201,574 

71,642 


$994,324 
60,926 
3,972 
295 
11,057 
34,298 
27,803 


Pounds  Value 


Peru 

Salvador [ 

Spain I ' 

United  Kingdom 
United  States , . . 


3,440.339 

2,323 

2,412.101 

5,163,287 

70,471.195 


$269,648 

10,599 

362,573 

1,132,617 

12,194,389 


Of  teetotal  amount  exported,  the  United  states  received  78  per  cent  United  Jf,WH„ 
5.8  ,.r  cent,  and  Chile  7.8  per  cent..  Spain  and  Peru  foUowing  with  co^l^JI^'^'""" 

Value  of  exports  by  principal  countries  of  destination  for  five 


United  States 

France. 

Spain.. :: 

ChUe  

Italy  

Peru 

Colombo 

Cuba        

Unitedki'n^oiV 

Panama  ' 

Netherlandi * 

Denmark      

Sweden.  

Norway 

Germany 

Argentina' 

^tria-HJi^^- «•••• 

xielgimQ        •"•^ 

^«coi^triii;; 


• « •  •  • 


*      •     •      ■     •     4 
*••••■ 

•••••• 

>••••■ 

»••■•• 
•••••• 

•  •  •  ■  • 

•  •  •  •  • 


$3,833,728 

5,382,352 

669,983 

521,549 

336,162 

86,076 

43,275 

86,389 

1,620,092 

65,677 

255,726 

4.982 

6.832 
2,627,353 

48,284 
84,814 
37,025 
80,068 


$3,588,130 
4,438.226 
627.570 
334.700 
282.504 
84,704 
25,123 
41,747 
1,230.555 
28,856 
1,012,793 
189,759 
30,132 
19,440 
860,302 
20,092 
145,508 
52,589 
48,836 


»5.678,181 

1,176,335 

581,810 

421.278 

597.538 

129.448 

65,397 

92,386 

2.664,479 

37.867 

980,685 

256,365 

114.356 

42,282 
21,773 


$8,584,890 

2,177.949 

714,808 

293,740 

467,291 

129.556 

107,896 

225,490 

3.560,071 

203.055 

842.906 

91.708 

80.676 

55,501 


$12,772,005 
1.447,040 
682,743 
630.584 
142,401 
140,803 
135,075 
117,098 
109,023 
105,897 


164 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


ECUADOR 


165 


Value  of  exports  by  principal  commodities  for  five  years  (values  in  United  States 
currency) :  ^ — ^ 


Articles 


1913 


Alligator  skins ' 

Cacao 

Coffee 

Cotton ;    •  v 

Fresh  fruits,  other  than  bananas 

Bananas 

Gold  in  bars 

Panama  hats 

Mocora  straw. ... ■■■■•■. 

Toquilla  straw  (for  hats) 

Hides  of  meat  cattle 

Ivory  nuts 

Rubber 

Tobacco 

Sole  leather 

Orchilla 

Salt,  common 

Matches 

Wool 

Kapok — .. .•••;••,•< 

Cascarilla  (Peruvian  bark) 

Mineral  earths 

Miscellaneous 


$1,200 
9,855,085 
824,259 
45.299 
32.985 
48,080 
325.964 
1,127,862 
19,792 
41,219 
335.146 
2.111.455 
178,039 
26 
3,127 
2.702 
6,060 
32 
115 
16,541 
4,844 
2,002 
616,598 


1914 


S2,760 
9,969.274 
581,531 
5.283 
21,947 
39,147 
360,808 
960,212 
16.994 
17,583 
230.475 
453,092 
89,019 
1,984 
11,952 
4,451 


1915 


1916 


235 

26,744 

12,210 

1,154 

75,590 


$9,570,306 
456,888 
358 
15,293 
33,101 
522,256 
827,213 
10.032 
8,840 
235.259 
519.105 
193,680 
88,560 
27,024 
1.5,196 
2.829 
1.427 
10.441 
6.104 
2,889 
1.416 
102,422 


$12,593,279 
622.774 
75 
11.775 
22.103 
482.237 
994,775 
17.011 
13,375 
483.550 
1.253,028 
323.319 
32,666 
34.252 
11.901 
15.821 
12.576 
106.535 
8,225 
20,588 


261.168 


1917 


$8,863 
10.534.672 
624.691 
11 
15.865 
25.361 
875.626 
920,685 
31,608 
911,712 
633.897 
842.783 
349.551 
1.422 
110,572 
1.422 
17.536 
9.104 
401.692 
22.864 
1.292 
436.132 
180,725 


Principal  exports  by  countries  of  destination  in  1916  and  1917  (values  in  United  States 

currency) :  ^ ■ 


Articles  and  Countries 


1916 
Kilos 


1917 
Kilos 


Cacao 

United  States 

France 

Spain 

Italy 

United  Kingdom .  . 

Netherlands 

Sweden 

Norway 

Denmark 

Coffee 

Chile 

France 

United  States 

Peru 

Panama 

Spain 

Italy 

Ivorv  Nuts 

'United  States 

Italy 

Spain 

France 

Panama 

United  Kingdom . . 

Colombia 


42,666,525 
20.568.954 
4,946,121 
1.768.433 
220.138 
11,680.381 
2,694.450 
220,455 
158.401 
261.270 
3.229.213 
1,236.538 
1.101.348 
161,739 
75,325 
208.869 
277,529 
167.865 
20,198,944 
10,104.861 
4.643.324 
768.550 
3,733,225 
157,325 
262,840 
528,640 


45,193,421 

37,056,755 

5.124.842 

2.122.249 

253.20<j 

171,675 


•  •  •   •   ' 

•  •  •  •  ' 


2,669.249 

2,428.001 

106,54S 

56,632 

41,924 

35,406 

186 

'i6.'3ia2.647 

12,712.243 

1.146.000 

1,075.990 

606.668 

593.124 

100.000 

63.572 


Continued  to  page  165. 


Table  Continued: 


Articles  and  Countries 


Cattle  hides 

United  SUtes 

United  Kingdom .  . 

France 

Spain 

Rubber 

United  States 

Panama  hats 

United  Stetes 

v./Uoa 

United  Kingdom .  . . 


Tons 


Values 


Tons 


1.165 

1.031 

71 

87 

19 

380 

378 

Values 


$483,550 

1.185 

436.840 

1.163 

21.267 

14.316 

9,192 

19 

323,319 

413 

321.874 

408 

994.775 

653.011 

211.906 

84.117 

$638,897 
623,320 


>•••..,, 


12,480 
349.551 
345.507 
920,685 
730.202 
99.514 
51.173 


Production  and  Industry 

altitude  of  6,000  to  9  000  f.t.     (3)     T^l  fZ  ^IT^^ ^:^^S  tsU 
eet  above  sea  level,  where  the  temperature  is  moderate  andspringUke  theyear^L  f  d 
4)  thejiemdo*  or  snow  covered  regions  of  the  Andes.     The  count^  is  traversed^m  north 
to  south  by  two  parallel  ranges  of  the  Andes  500  miles  in  length. 

There  are  two  seasons  only,  the  rainy  from  December  to  May,  and  the  dry  from  Tnn» 
to  November.    The  coast  regions  are  cultivated  by  tropical  fanlg  and  th^M  ^Z 
and  mountam  vaUeys  are  adapted  to  the  raising  of  live  stock  a^  crops^wn  intern 
perate  chmates.    The  principal  product  of  the  republic  is  cacao  emZ^  T  • 

of  Guayas,  Lc.  lUos,  Manabi  and  El  Oro.  A  second  ^r^u^f' iS^^J'^  ZZ^ 
nut,  or  vegetable  ivory.  An  export  duty  of  $1.00  per  100  pounds  on  u3ed  and  «^ 
per  100  pounds  on  shelled  nute  is  imposed  by  the  government.  * 

likewZ^l^"""  ""^"""^y  "^^  ^'^  "l^^fly  to  ChUe.    Sugar  cane  and  grapes  are 

With  the  exception  of  the  Andean  plateau  between  the  two  Oo,dill..H..  ...j  *i, 
bwUnds,  Ecuador  is  covered  with  thick'and  ahnost  ure:^roitd  f^  ^h  'Be^dTth 
tagua,  rubber,  dyewoods,  hard  woods,  cinchona  trees,  from  the  bark  of  wh.h  ^^         • 
extracted,  and  other  woods  are  plentiful.    Livestock  niiZirkm!.*;  L      ^  ^T°^  " 

quantities,  and  the  Galapagos  Islands  are  rich  in  sulphur     The  chief  m»T,nf«-.t,.  •        I 
try  of  Ecuador  is  the  making  of  "Panama"  h^t^trZtau^sZtZh^Z^"?'^"^ 

Railways  and  Highways: 

The  total  railway  mileage  of  Ecuador  is  approximatelv  400     Thn  ««i        -i 


166 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


The  roads  of  the  country  are,  for  the  most  part,  traversible  only  by  mule.  River 
communication  in  the  agricultural  districts  is  furnished  by  sidewheel  and  screw  steamers 
on  the  rivers  Guayas,  Daule  and  Vinces. 

Telephones,  Telegraphs  and  Post  Offices: 

There  were,  in  1915,  2,926  telephone  instruments  in  the  republic,  of  which  2,250 
were  in  Guayaquil.  There  is  a  long  distance  telephone  connection  between  Guayaquil 
and  Quito.  There  was  5,400  miles  of  telegraph  with  204  stations.  There  are  150  post 
offices.  There  are  two  wireless  stations  in  Guayaquil,  and  additional  stations  are  projected 
for  Bahia,  Bohvar,  Pura,  and  Puerta. 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures: 

The  gold  standard  has  been  established.  The  unit  is  the  gold  sucre  of  100  centavos 
equivalent  to  $0,487  United  States  currency.  Ten  sucres  make  a  condor,  equivalent  to 
one  poimd  sterling.  The  current  coins  are  the  silver  sucre,  peseta  of  20  centavos,  real  of 
10  centavos,  media  real  of  5  centavos,  and  a  subsidiary  nickel  coinage  of  5,  2,  1,  and  ^ 
centavos. 

There  are  four  banks  authorized  to  issue  paper  currency;  the  Banco  del  Ecuador, 
(head  office  at  Guayaquil),  Banco  Comercial  y  Agricola,  (head  office  at  Guayaquil),  Banco 
del  Azuay,  (Cuenca),  and  the  Banco  del  Pichincha  (Quito).  Other  banks  are  the  Banco 
de  Credito  Hipotecario  and  the  Banco  Territorial  at  Guayaquil,  both  of  which  are  mortgage 
banks,  and  the  Compania  de  Credito  Agricola  e  Industrial,  which  operates  a  mortgage 
and  savings  bank. 

The  metric  system  has  been  legally  standard  since  1856.  The  old  Spanish  measures 
are,  however,  still  largely  employed.  The  quintal  is,  in  Ecuador,  equal  to  about  101 
pounds. 

Diplomatic  and  Consular  Representatives: 

The  United  States  has  a  minister  at  Quito,  a  consul  general  at  Guayaquil,  vice-consul 
and  consular  agents  at  Bahia  de  Caraquez  and  Esmeraldas. 

Ecuador  has  a  minister  at  Washington,  consuls  general  in  San  Francisco  and  New 
York,  consuls  at  Chicago,  New  Orleans,  Baltimore,  Boston,  St.  Louis,  Los  Angeles,  Cincin- 
nati, Seattle,  Philadelphia,  Manila,  (P.  I.),  and  a  vice  consul  at  Norfolk. 

Customs  Tariff: 

The  customs  tariff  assesses  specific  duties  ranging  from  1  to  60  centavos  per  kilo. 
There  are  several  surtaxes  which  total  more  than  200  per  cent. 

Consular  Regulations: 

Six  copies  of  consular  invoice  made  out  in  Spanish  are  required.  Four  are  kept  by  the 
consul,  one  by  the  steamship  company,  and  one  is  sent  to  the  consignee.  Blanks  cost  $0.50 
per  set  of  six;  certification  costs  $1.00  for  shipments  up  to  $50  in  value  and  3  per  cent,  of  the 
declared  value  for  values  in  excess  of  $50.00.  Separate  consular  invoices  must  be  made  out 
for  each  mark.  Packages  may  be  marked  with  either  stencil  or  brush,  and  it  is  advisable 
to  also  mark  the  gross  weight 


ECUADOR 


167 


Language:  Spanish. 
Local  Advertising  Media: 

There  are  about  ten  daily  publications  and  the  saine  number  of  weekly  and  monthly 
publications  m  Ecuador     The  leading  daily  is  published  in  Guayaquil  and  ther^  artwo 
monthly  magazmes  pubhshed  there.    In  Quito  there  are  three  dailies. 
Shipping  Routes: 
Grace  Line. 

Panama  Railroad  Steamship  Line  (to  Colon,  Panama,  thence  by  connecting  steamer) 
Royal  Mad  Steam  Packet  Company  (to  Colon,  Panama,  thence  by  connecting  tlZer  ' 
Umted  Frmt  Company  (to  Colon,  Panama,  thence  by  comiecting  steamer). 
Cable  Rates:  Fifty  cents  a  word  from  New  York  or  New  England  states. 
Postal  Rates:  Postal  Union  rates. 
Mail  Time:  Guayaquil  via  Panama,  twelve  days. 

Parcel  Post:  Service  extends  to  Ecuador.    Limit  of  weight  twenty  pounds.  Prohibitions  • 
Sugar  cane  brandy  and  its  combinations;   articles  of  food   containing  ^t^^^^^ 
mjunous  to  health,  salt;  foreign  coin  and  any  outfit  for  coining.  »«ff-e<lients 

International  Reply  Coupons:  Not  redeemable. 
Money  Orders:  Not  issued. 


THE  FALKLAND  ISLANDS 

(See  Map  of  Argentina,  Page  107) 

A  British  Crown  Colony  in  the  South  Atlantic  Ocean  300  miles  east  of  thp  Sfr«;f»    t 
Magellan.    West  Falkland  has  an  area  of  2,300  square  miles'  abori^Tland^^^^^^ 

Imports  and  exports  for  five  years: 


1913 


1914 


1915 


1916 


[mportb . 

txi'OHTS. 


$1,162,619 
7,096,664 


1917 


$1,134,222 
7,316,555 


$1,789,802 
7,659,972 


$2,872,342 
9.981,074 


$6,108,563 
9,092,588 


«52,7I?^£;JI:i^^^\'^^^^  7"^'  ^M^'^'t'  ^"^'^  P^^^"-'  «^'^S^'353;  taUow. 

at  1305  Ofio      K-,  '  «103,211.    Imports  from  the  United  States  in  1918  were  valued 

W05,009;  while  exports  to  the  United  States  were  valued  at  $400,000. 


t 


III 


168 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


THE  GUIANAS 

Three  colonies  on  the  east  coast  of  South  America,  the  western  one,  bounded  by 
Venezuela,  Brazil,  and  the  Atlantic  belonging  to  Great  Britain,  the  central  one  to  the 
Netherlands,  and  the  eastern  one  to  France.  The  climate  of  all  three  is  tropical,  the 
temperature  being  uniform  on  the  coast  for  the  ten  months  from  October  to  July.  In 
August  and  September  the  trade  winds  die  away,  and  the  heat  becomes  oppressive.  The 
year  is  divided  into  two  wet  and  dry  seasons,  the  long  wet  season  beginning  in  mid  April 
and  lasting  until  mid  August;  the  long  dry  season  beginning  in  September  and  lasting  imtil 
the  last  week  in  November.  December ^and  January  constitute  the  short  rainy  season  and 
February  and  March  the  short  dry  season. 


BRITISH  GUIANA 

Area  and  Population 

Boimded  on  the  northwest  by  Venezuela,  on  the  east  by  Dutch  Guiana,  on  the  west 
and  southwest  by  Brazil.  Area,  89,480  square  miles.  Population,  1911,  296,000,  exclusive 
of  native  Indians  in  unsettled  sections  estimated  at  13,000.  Capital  and  principal  town, 
Georgetown,  population  54,723,  has  50  miles  of  paved  streets,  covers  an  area  of  1,300  acres, 
has  tramway  and  electric  light  system.  The  census  of  1911  showed  that  70,922  people 
were  living  on  sugar  estates,  125,000  in  villages  and  settlements,  and  105,400  were  'agri- 
cultural laborers.  Official  estimates  placed  the  number  of  East  Indians  on  the  sugar  estates 
at  65,074;  in  towns  71,454. 

The  estimated  per  capita  foreign  trade  of  British  Guiana  amounted  in  1918  to  $111.97. 
Imports,  $64.80;  exports,  $57.17. 


BRITISH  GUIANA 


169 


Commerce 


The  total  foreign  trade  of  British  Guiana  in  1918  amounted  to  $33,156,378  of  which 
$16,242,249  were  imports  and  $16,914,029  were  exports. 


years 


The  value  of  the  total  foreign  trade  of  the  United  States  with  British  Guiana  for  ten 


Year 

ended 

June 

30 


Exports 


Domestic 


Foreign 


Total 


Impobtb 


Free 


Dutiable 


Total 


I  Per  cent, 
free 


1909 
1910 
1911 
1912 
1913 
1914 
1915 
1916 
1917 
1918 
1919 


1,983,703 
1,842,733 
1,820,516 
1,770,122 
1,791.669 
1,690.445 
1,822,427 
2.144.636 
3.799.310 
5,195,922 


S26,283 
41,598 
30,351 
18,813 
22,075 
9,915 
18,610 
45.158 
14.189 
70.856 


$2,009,889 
1.884,331 
1,850.867 
1,788,935 
1.813.746 
1,700,360 
1,841.037 
2.189.794 
3.813,499 
5,266,778 
5,921,229 


$142,440 
112,979 
104.582 
216.681 
99.728 
96.169 
200,120 
257,867 
238,420 
352,344 


Excess  of 
exports  (♦) 

or 
imports  (-) 


$648,909 

454,814 

368,468 

998,159 

6,205 

14,444 

153,277 

3.423 

738.031 

11.658 


$.791,349 
567.793 
473.050 

1.214,840 
105,933 
110,603 
353,297 
261.290 
976.451 
364.002 
310.863 


18.00 

19.90 

22.11 

17.84 

94.14 

86.94 

66.63 

98.69 

24.41 

96.80 


♦$1,218,639 
♦1.316,538 
♦1,377,817 
♦  574,095 
♦1.707,812 
♦1,589,757 
♦1,487,640 
♦1,928,504 
♦2,837,048 
♦4.902,776 
♦5,610.366 


Imports  and  exports  for  the  six  year  period  1913  to  1918: 


Years 


IXPORTS 


Exports 


1913 
1914 
1915 


Years 


$7,750,988 
7.665.580 
6.796.247 


Imposts 


EXPOBTB 


$10,526,976 

1916 

12,590,707 

1917 

16,014,421 

1918 

$10,509,931 
13,947,440 
16,242.249 


18,038,716 
20,716,608 
16,914,029 


Distribution  of  foreign  trade  for  the  years  1917  and  1918: 


British  East  Indies 
Bntiflh  West  Indies! '. , 

Canada 

Denmark..  ..'..* 

Dutch  Gui^ut 

France 

French  Guii^a! '.'.'.'." 
Netherlands.. 

Newfoundland. 

Norway .  

Portugal  ''']..[].[" 

Portuguese  pcMsessions 
(spam 

Sweden .  

United  States. 

veneiuela 

A'l  other  countries 


Total 


$278,024 
512,726 
2,113,199 
19.046 
43,246 
38.446 
9.560 
74.192 
75 
320 
26,917 
28,617 
13.982 
3,495 
4.560,978 
5,910,238 
92.858 
221,522 


$1,000,053 

777,187 

2,612,080 

6,828 

179,899 

39,431 

19,249 

69.380 


16,826 

1.321 

10,692 

614 

4,189,904 

7,252,721 

90,136 

37,928 

$16,242,249 


$1,708,229 
7,627,968 

'  'i,026',2i8 

6 

104,994 

2,056 


9,171,874 

770,619 

6,515 

308,130 

$20,716,508 


$1,126,676 
6,641,601 

'9128,468 

'  23*5,396 

*3.476 


7.819.634 

974,199 

4.272 

186,373 

$16,914,029 


170 


n 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Import  trade  of  British  Guiana  by  articles  in  1917  and  1918: 


Articles 


Aerated  and  mineral  waters. 

Animals  and  birds: 

xmrBUg  ••••■••••••»•■••• 

Mules 

Other. 


Apparel 

Arms,  ammunition,  and  explosives: 
Arms. 


Ammunition 

Explosives 

Bags  and  sacks,  not  paper  or  cotton.  . 
Bags,  traveling  and  tool,  trunks,  etc . . 

Baskets 

Beer  and  ale 

Biscuits,  bread,  and  cakes 

Books. 


Boots  and  shoes. 
Bricks. 


Brooms  and  brushes .  . . . 
Buckets,  pails,  and  tubs. 
Butter . 


Caoutchouc  and  gutta  percha  manufactures . 
Candles . 


Carriages,  wagons,  etc.: 

Bicycles 

Bicycle  parts 

Motor  cars 

Motor  car  parts 

Motor  cycles 

Motor  cycle  parts .  .  . 
Railway  rolling  stock , 
Other. 


Cattle  and  other  animal  foods . 

Cement 

v^neese 

Chemicals 

Chinaware  and  pottery 

^•^K'dkB  ••••••••••■■••*•••••• 

V^wOa  •••••••••••••••■•••*■•• 

Coke  and  patent  fuel 

V^OCOo  •••••••••••■■■••■■•••■ 

Coffee 

Confectionery 

Cordage  and  twine 

Cork 

Cotton  manufactures: 

Hosiery 

Piece  goods 

Raw 

Ribbon 

Other 

Cutlery 

Electrical  apparatus 

Fish: 

Canned 

Mackerel  and  salmon 

Smoked  and  dried 

Other 

Fruits  and  nuts 

Ghee 

Glass  and  glassware 

Grain,  flour,  etc : 

Flour 

Grain  and  mixtures 

Pulse 

Other 

vJFcUbc  .  .•••••«•••■■■• 

Gum,  balata 

Haberdashery  and  millinery .  . 

Hardware 

Hats  and  bonnets 


1917 
Value 


1 


$5,667 

2,306 

83,603 

2,072 

184,032 

1,850 

7,209 

6,734 

393,726 

6,442 

558 

183,484 

32,685 

24,149 

172,725 

43,672 

14,687 

1,735 

154.456 

6,109 

12,382 

14,037 

15,562 

127,677 

83,389 

8,970 

1,021 

7,898 

2,723 

18,868 

155,567 

41,729 

151,611 

18,207 

2,456 

428,867 

4,774 

9,794 

2,525 

11,856 

96.380 

2,409 

41,519 
,283,529 


13,501 

293,157 

14,164 

26.709 

77.608 
33.187 
325,407 
11,798 
58,859 
21,462 
36,523 


1 


,436,342 

218,852 

90,881 

137 

32,077 

20,246 

29,116 

124,203 

159,327 

70,167 


1918 
Value 


$7,663 

9.870 

22.692 

2.935 

208,783 

21.984 

6,738 

18,719 

584,931 

10.133 

387 

140.439 

12.168 

29.348 

271,939 

74,859 

25,997 

1,608 

253.613 

22,130 

4.456 

9,416 

16.851 

62,465 

140.190 

3.804 

861 

1.580 

2,986 

10,537 

393,487 

38,484 

209,098 

26,002 

2.115 

422.074 

66.130 

27,947 

772 

7,263 

183,363 

6.322 

49.240 

1.188.646 

1.077 

17.331 

311.005 

24,875 

49,265 

79,857 
24,762 
358,595 
25,126 
57,882 
38,904 
40,198 

1.531,454 

248,065 

677.720 

9.077 

44.180 

91.738 

84.868 

109.496 

187.922 

101,741 


BRITISH  GUIANA 


Table  Continued: 


Articles 


Hay  and  chaff 

Hemp  and  manufactures .... 

Hides V.'.V.'.V. 

Implements  and  tools ' ' .' 

Instruments,  scientific 

Jams  and  jellies 

Jewelry '...'. 

Jute  manufactures ..............'. 

i^e;::::::::::::::::;::;;;:;;;;;-'----*----- 

Leather  manufactures  other  than  boots'  and  saddlerv " 

Linen  manufactures •«•  j  • 

Lime. .......'...". 

Machmery:  

Mining 

Rice ......'.'..'. 

Sewing  machines 

Sugar 

Other '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.". 

Manures:  

Chemical 

Other ;;;;; 

Matches 

Mats  and  mattings 

Meats:  

Beef  and  pork.... 

c^ed ^•••-'''■"!!":!:::::::: 

Other 

Medicines  and  drugs. 

Metals:  

Brass  and  manufactures  thereof. . . 

Bars,  rods,  sheets,  and  plates ....    

Bolts,  nuts,  and  chains \\ 

Copper  and  manufactures 

Galvanised  and  corrugated  sheets'. 

Hoop 

J«>n  ore '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'..'. 

tf  ■**  •  •  •  •. 

Nails  and  spikes. . .  

Rivets,  clinchers,  and  'Wi'r^'fenci^! 

1  m  and  manufactures . .  

Other 

Milk,  condensed. ..'.'. 

Musical  instruments ..'.'. 

Oils:  

Essential  and  medicinal 

Petroleum,  refined 

Petroleum,  crude ...  

Gasoline . .  

OtherT  

Oil  cloth  and'i'inoie'u'm. 

^pium  and  preparations. . 

faults 

Paper:  

Printing . . 

Other     

*^erfumerv  

ritch  

Pickles' Md  sauces: ::: 

P|pes.clay 

^late  and  plated 

provisions 

Ijjidlery  and  harness'. 

Seeds". 

||ljp«andboati::::: 
Soap:: 

SpirUs': 

Brandy 

Whis'kVy. 

Other. 


ware.. 


1917 

Vahie 


6,542 
41,822 
637 
77,728 
7,090 
2.139 
1.764 
2.049 
62,325 
23,551 
34,726 
5,166 
33,781 


Continued  on  page  171 


37,384 

42,699 

27,086 

993,088 

161.525 

1.095,912 

33,168 

35,870 

2,723 

463,721 
13.283 
36,813 

117.038 

4.868 

109,132 

19,053 

2.654 

101.114 

46.400 

2.663 

1,961 
49.560 
31.634 

9.387 
31.812 
70.465 
14.120 

4.060 

113.985 

13.262 

83.005 

249,379 

2,046 

28.357 

77,014 

26.547 

165,376 

14,421 

7,442 

3.280 

• 

4,402 

20,223 

6,085 

43,356 

65,044 

973 

46.921 

164,661 

14,801 

16,180 
29,017 
65,956 
40,077 


1918 
Value 


6,791 
67.993 


171 


199.239 

4.521 

5,788 

1,685 

257 

60,441 

17.200 

19.909 

1,696 

28.304 

117,712 

47,629 

42,770 

639,830 

297,028 

1.028,633 

67,360 

84,604 

1.781 

416.148 
17,623 
67.694 

181,105 

3.528 

116.630 

32,438 

11,687 

119.811 

93.976 

2.524 

4.627 
54.414 
24.642 

7,122 
18,489 
88.695 
10.979 

4,396 

202,285 

4.157 

158.930 

243,758 

2,455 

35,892 

80.381 

26,377 
236,063 
14,807 
10,079 
6.291 
3,142 
8.334 
24,392 
9,384 
47,778 
86.061 
6.500 
53,593 
309,778 
29,968 

24,565 

40,046 

65,449 

116,748 


Continued  on  page  172. 


172 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Table  Continued: 


Articles 


1917 
Value 


1918 
Value 


Stationery 

Sugar 

Stone  and  date 

Tar 

Tea 
Tobacco: 

Cicars  and  cigarettes 

Leaf 

Toys  and  games 

Turpentine 

Umbrellas  and  parasols 

Varnish  luid  polish 

Vegetables: 

Dried  and  canned 

Onions  and  garlic 

Watches 

Wine 

Wood  and  timber: 

Lumber 

Shooks 

Staves  and  headings 

Sash,  blinds,  doors,  caskets,  office  and  store  fixtures 

Vy  xner , 

Wool  mamitactures 

All  other  articles 

Total 


20,565 

15.864 

3.879 

9,163 

16.099 

21,368 
73,899 
97,810 
14,836 

3.371 
11,671 

5,798 

10,618 

194,796 

90,011 

1,483 

53,197 

213.185 
19.402 

132.540 
29,345 
57,125 

158,849 

667.079 


113.947.440 


20,735 

48,252 

4.391 

9,040 

56,857 

32.073 

100.134 

126,556 

13,805 

3,299 

7,648 

8.787 

8.384 

270.577 

66.035 

285 

62,661 

208,885 
32,341 

212,173 
18,649 
18  543 
89,849 

305,326 


$16,292,249 


1918: 


Principal  imports  from  the  United  Kingdom,  Canada,  and  the  United  States  during 


Articles 


United 
States 


United 
Kingdom 


Canada 


Animals 

Apparel 

Bags  and  sacks , 

Beer  and  ale , 

Biscuits 

Books 

Boots  and  shoes 

■Z3UX xer .  .••••••••••,.,,•..••••• 

v^anQies .  ••.,. ••*• 

Carriages,  etc.: 

Bicycles,  tricycles,  and  parts. 

Motor  cars  and  parts 

Motor  cycles  and  parts 

Cattle  food,  oil-cake 

Cement 

Cheese 

Chemicals 

Cnal 

Coke  and  patent  fuel 

v^onoG .  . .  .  ••••••••••.•...•,•■• 

Confectionery 

Cordage  and  twine 

Cotton  inanufacture«: 

Hosiery 

Piece  goods 

Ribbons 

Other 

Cutlery 

Electrical  apparatus 

Fiah: 

Canned 

Mackerel  and  saknon 

Smoked  or  dried 

Othc-  sorts,  salted 

Fruits  and  nuts 

Glass  and  glassware 


S29,001 

112,373 

37,665 

124.204 

3.164 

3.936 

212.780 

225.475 

2,606 

5.688 

196,513 

3.476 

6.549 

386,984 

11,691 

112,635 

46.068 

""'776 

6.243 

73.548 

43.945 

595.089 

7.147 

66,126 
14,75S 
46,051 

59.691 
3.134 
74.226 
881 
44.728 
27.114 


$91,022 

46.149 

16,427 

34 

24.660 

40.843 

64 

804 

20,205 

2,253 

862 

*6.663 

"  "71,775 

376,006 

66,130 

•  •••••• 

171 
87,010 

4,107 

569,552 

10,120 

201.261 

10,004 

2,044 


351 


589 
10,939 


fl7 
1,636 
4,836 

8,949 

72 

8.114 

18.519 

•   ••••••• 


1,722 

"ioe 

2J5'.9i6 
2,151 


100 
17.333 

279 
332 

8,6i8 

7 

47 

4,307 

19,748 

197.986 

23.247 

5.933 

1.987 


Continued  on  page  173 


BRITISH  GUIANA 


Table  Continued: 


Articles 


Grain  and  flour: 

Flour 

Pulse 

Other .;; 

Haberdashery  and  millinery 

Hardware .' .' ' 

Hats  and  bonnets ," ,"  * 

Hemp  manufactures '.'.'.'.'. 

Implements  and  tools 

Lard .'.'; 

i^atner 

li™?'. 

Machinery: 

Mining a 

Rice .*!.'.'."!.*! 

Sewing  machines !.'.'.'.'! 

Sugar ][[ 

Other. 

Manure,  chemical 

Meats: 

Beef  and  pork,  salt«d 

Canned .'.".*.*.'.* 

£J^^ 

-,  ,y*'i«"..... 

Medicmes  and  drugs 

Metals: 

Brass  and  manufactures 

Bars,  rods,  sheets,  and  plates.'..,. 

Bolts,  nuts,  and  chains 

Copper  and  manufactures ....... 

Galvanised  and  corrugated  siieets 

Hoop 

Nails  and  spikes ,'  * ' ' 

Rivets,  wire  and  wire  fencing 

Other ■  ' 

Milk,  condensed 

Oils:  

Gasoline 

Petroleum,  refined .... 

„ .  Other .■.::::::■■ 

Pamts.  

Paper 

Srif*»°« 

perfS^^??;:::::::::::::::::: 

rrovisions 

Saddlery  and  harness . 

&::: •'••••••• 

Silk     

Soap:: 

Spirite: 

g[j^^y 

Whisky.'; 

StaUoneri 

Sugar 

Tea....: 

Tobacco: 

Cigars  and  cigarettes 

^  Other:::: 

Toys  and  games. : : : : 

UmbreUas  and  parasols . V.'.'.: 

Vegetables:  

Dried.. 

Freah.:::: 

Wine^^°*"  and  garlic'. '. '. '.  '.  '.  '.  '.  [  [  [  [  [  [  [  ]  ] 

Wood' Md  timber': 

Lumber 

Shooks..:: 

Staves  and  iiekdi^s.' .' 

Sash,  blinds,  etc. 7^...      

W  manufactures.      

All  other  articles      


United 
States 


Total. 


166.812 

125.150 

147.709 

31,757 

100.486 

14,073 

28.620 

137.776 

58,420 

24,086 


109,151 
41.516 
41.875 
411.317 
227.849 
2664^89 

412.107 
17,450 

"6'7',624 
91.923 

1.043 

105.706 

20,237 

10.096 

114.475 

77.699 

9.042 

33,089 

16.393 

46.231 

46.900 
204.694 
141.638 

26,913 

22.580 

109.572 

10,738 

3.606 

980 

372 

37.979 

18.356 

18.700 

7,016 

'7.567 
11.214 

9,463 

188 

12,146 

6,924 
99,832 
2,407 
4.368 
1,067 

1,842 
65,965 
39,712 
19.637 

113,757 

32,341 

212,168 

7,853 

12,727 
423,610 


$7,252,721 


United 
Kingdom 


2,421 
232 
73,114 
76,529 
86,232 
26,650 
60.384 

'7.578 
10,947 

8.536 

6.113 

673 

225.171 

58,873 

538,629 


74.604 

1.734 
7.180 

11.889 
1.590 
4.330 

16.277 

6.213 

3,917 

2.606 

494 


3 

929 
12.306 

3,797 
82,816 

3,896 
16,552 

7.137 

40.198 

21.862 

34.445 

287,197 

947 
19,047 
49.909 
30.468 
10.075 

V,282 

21,017 

302 

113.438 

8,237 

6,574 

516 

1,558 

1,490 

10,825 

988 


4,334 

74,841 

352,319 


<4, 189.904 


173 


Canada 


1,360.124 

14,648 

134,150 

14 

9,860 

6 

1,854 

710 

'2,427 


2,732 

6,822 

241,870 


107 
08 
32 

14,436 


3,626 
249 

"982 

'39,685 

5,354 

320 

32,611 


13,650 
41,162 


5,581 

54 

3,687 

1,166 

"17 

"*9 


•  *  •   « 


8,033 

664 

1,154 

14 

22,689 


748 


1,590 

146,377 

5 

377 


3,653 
130 

52,952 

$2,612,080 


174 


i 

,■'  i 

y"! 


¥ 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Export  trade  of  British  Guiana,  by  articles,  during  1917  and  1918: 


Artiolea 


Animals: 
Cattle 

Other ;;;::: 

Apparel 

Bags  and  sacks,  not  of  paper,  canvas,  or  cotton . 

Beer  and  ale 

Books,  printed 

Boots  and  shoes 

Butter  and  butter  substitutes 

Candles: 

J.  auow 

Other 

Carriages,  carts,  wagons,  etc.: 

Motor  cars,  and  parts 

Motor  cycles 

Bicycles  and  tricyde  parts 

Cattle  and  other  animal  foods: 

Molascuit 

Rice  meal 

Other 

Cement   

Charcoal 

j^r*     ^v^^ 

Chemicals,  manufactures  and  products 

Coal: 

Bituminous 

^  Other 

Cocoa,  raw 

CoflFee,  raw 

Cordage. '.'.'.'.'.'. 

Cotton  and  manufactures  oi : 

Piece  goods 

Hosiery 

Other 

Copra 

Diamonds 

Electrical  apparatus 

Fish 

Fruit,  and  nuts  for  fruit:  Coconuts 

Fruit  juices:  Lime  juice 

Glue:  Fish  glue 

Grain: 

Flour. 


Indian  com 

Pulse 

Rice ' " 

Gums: 

Balata 

Rubber 

Haberdashery  and  millinery 

Hardware,  cash  registers,  house,  office,  etc. 

Hats  and  bonnets 

Hemp 

Hides '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 

Implements  and  tools:  Agricuhural 

Isinglass 

Kola  nuts [[[ 

Machinery: 

Rice 

Sugar ] 

Sewing  machines 

Other  (except  for  mining  industry) 

Manure,  other  than  chemical 

Matches. 


Medicines  and  drugs: 

Not  containing  spirits 

Other 

Metals: 

Galvanised,  in  bars,  rods,  sheets,  or  corrugated. 

Other 

Milk,  condensed 

Molaisses 


1917 
Value 


$24,070 

3,230 

14,587 

"n,366' 


72,245 

40,936' 
4,179 


1,240 
33,586 


66,130 

12,164 
185.788 

*  V4'.953  * 
41,526 


40,257 

10,610 

9,905 

,424,013 

.024,176 
8,249 


6,407 


1.540 
533 


64,093 


31.290 


1918 
Value 


911,054 

5 

17,995 

12,814 

10,484 

1.156 

9,001 

1,905 

353 
2,666 

2.023 

825 

1.107 

66.013 

3.457 

155 

1,917 

40,641 
6.301 

31,676 
29,099 
16.784 
53,612 
2.567 

73.481 

1.184 

49,563 

20.801 

164.230 

1,476 

22.849 

30,697 

8.090 

17,140 


29.036 
854.695 

918,341 
9,775 
3.480 
4.481 
5.978 
1,324 
12,307 
1.462 


196 

2.702 
78,584 

2.396 
13.346 

1.620 

7,130 

1.863 
3.604 

8.748 

100.983 

2.471 

76.222 


Continued  on  page  175 


Table  Continued: 


BRITISH  GUIANA 


175 


Articles 


Oils: 

Coconut  (colonial).. 

Gasoline 

Limes 

Petroleum,  refined. . 

Other 

Salt,  fine 


1917 
Value 


1918 
Value 


28.652 
"3.448" 


18                                                                          -  .  -  . 
C^.^ 

Doap 

O     -T  

Spints: 

Colonial  (rum) 

Foreign 

Sugar  

Yellow  crystals 

Dark  crystals 

Other 

Tea  

i,''? 

Tobacco:  

Cigars  and  cigarettes 

Leaf 

Other 

^i^l?""" :::::::::::;:: 

Wood  and  timber": 

Firewood 

Greenhart 



Shingles. . 

Other.....:::::;;; 

Wool  manufactures . . : : 

Goods  entered  for  transshipment  and 

imports ..... 
AH  other  articles.*.;;; 


2.678,932 


1,223,455 

10,617,475 

2,742 


not  appearing  in  list  of 


Total. 


20,897 
23,812 
16,625 
19,790 
38,502 
9,407 

1,753,439 
1.117,511 


f20,7l6,508 


36.424 
8.475 
2,274 
3,820 
12.116 
3.810 
3,256 
3,721 

1,167.235 
60,191 

1,172.801 

8,651.232 

147.634 

4,395 

422 

1.231 

15,937 

9,386 

1.576 

22,951 
14.249 
10,253 
20.260 
27,965 
2,320 

2,119,713 
551,417 


fl6,9l9,029 


Production  and  Industry 

the  t^i  r;K^7^s  aTrrjy'Kr  """""""^  "f  ''"^  ^'"'  ™--'«- 

,ui,zou  acres,  only  198,352  acres  were  under  cultivation  in  1918. 
Acreage  under  principal  crops  in  1918: 


Of 


The  most  important  product  is 


Of  this  totaT^sT^Z,  wret^r^ritt  iS^T.^^r  '''''  '"^""^  ^  ''''■ 
wpply  the  area  now  under  cuWv-TnT  ?  .'^  ^*^*^  **'  "^^^  ^^e  present  labor 

if  taprovements  al  made  ^  k!?       '"^  "^  '"P""*  "'  P"^™i°8 125,000  tons  annuaUy 
P'esmnably  sm^^onurc^  ilr«LT^^^^  J''*'^  ""  ''"^'^  --«  ^l  land 

'^^-  are  at  .r^r^ir^^^^TotZTJ:^ ^ZCZ':^:!^^^  '""^- 


176 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Details  of  sugar,  rum  and  molasses  production  from  1913  to  1918: 


Years 

Sugar 

Rum 

Molasses 
Exports 

Molascuit 

Area 

Production 

EXPOKTS 

Production 

Exports 

Exports 

1913.... 
1914.... 
1916. . . . 
1916.... 
1917.... 
1918. . . . 

Acres 

72,685 
73,108 
76,562 
78,346 
76,300 
73,400 

Tons 

106,211 

116,622 

119,091 

114,292 

108,181 

107,560 

Tons 

87,414 
107.138 
116,224 
101,650 
114,007 

93,902 

Gallons 
3,261,693 
4,059,897 
5,158,704 
4,716,761 
3,956,938 
3,911,616 

Gallons 
3,260,986 
3,489,729 
4,698,230 
4,386.834 
3.415,921 
2.614,481 

Gallons 
118.699 
83.197 

"  '149,946 
208,262 

Tons 
6.859 
2,426 
2,233 
997 
2,424 
2,756 

British  Guiana,  which  formerly  imported  large  quantities  of  rice  is  now  an  important 
producer  and  exporter  of  rice.  During  the  years  1889  to  1898  the  average  annual  impor- 
tation of  rice  was  18,735  tons,  while  the  estimated  area  under  cultivation  was  2,500  acres. 
Rice  is  grown  chiefly  on  the  coast  lands,  and  some  of  the  large  planters  are  using  modern 
agricultural  machinery,  including  tractors,  reapers  and  threshers. 

Details  of  the  rice  growing  industry  from  1913  to  1918: 


Area 

Yield 

Exports 

Imports 

Years 

Occupied 

Reaped 

Paddy 

Cleaned  rice 

Acres 

Acres 

Tons 

Tons 

Tons 

.  Tons 

1913 

35,582 

39.167 

43,170 

25,902 

7.709 

6 

1914 

47,037 

53,661 

66,268 

39,760 

7.089 

34 

1916 

50.737 

66,374 

65,700 

39,420 

9.057 

2 

1916 

67.022 

61,488 

67,001 

40,200 

13.009 

6 

1917 

68,090 

64,804 

70,067 

42,040 

14,367 

2 

1918 

60.432 

69.798 

36,920 

22,160 

8.018 

43 

The  difference  in  the  area  occupied  and  the  area  reaped  in  the  above  table  is  accounted 
for  by  the  second  crop  harvested,  which  is  planted  in  the  fall  immediately  after  the  first 
and  largest  crop  has  been  reaped.  Exports  of  rice  were  forbidden  by  government  order, 
except  under  license,  from  April  7,  1917  to  July  25,  1918,  when  all  licenses  were  refused. 

Cocoanut  growing  is  an  important  industry.  Although  many  of  the  trees  are  still 
young  and  have  not  yet  come  into  bearing,  the  production  is  much  larger  than  the  statistics 
indicate,  since  from  10,000,000  to  12,000,000  nuts  are  annually  consiuned  within  the  colony, 
principally  in  the  manufacture  of  cocoanut  oil. 

Details  of  the  industry  from  1913  to  1918: 


Years 


Area 


Exports 


Nuts 


Copra 


OU 


1913 
1914 
1916 
1916 
1917 
1918 


Acres 
14,177 
15.894 
17,920 
20,111 
23,870 
29.710 


Number 
876,605 
1.889.921 
2.090.083 
1.631,367 
1,911,404 
1.616.190 


Tons 
66 
841 
81 

106 
75 

124 


Gallons 
6.218 
18,106 
22.069 
17,950 
26.674 
30,652 


BRITISH  GUIANA 


177 


Plantams,  yams,  cassava,  sweet  potatoes,  eddoes  and  tanias  are  raised  as  provision 
crops  and  consumed  locaUy.  In  1918  there  were  4, 130  acres  under  rubber.  Coffee  especiaUv 
the  Libenan  variety,  is  grown  inland,  and  the  ftiost  of  the  coffee  produced  is'consumed 
locally. 

Details  of  the  industry  from  1913  to  1918: 


Years 


Area 


Exports 


Imports, 
raw  coffee 


Years 


Area 


Exports 


1913. 
1914. 
1915. 


Acres 
3.324 
4.326 
4,468 


Tons 

40 

106 

77 


Tons 
23 
31 
22 


1916. 
1917. 
1918. 


Imports, 
raw  coffee 


Acres 
4,599 
4,900 
5,260 


Tons 
224 
117 
238 


Tons 

19 

11 

2 


The  maxmium  export  of  cacao  was  in  1900,  and  amounted  to  553^  tons     Since  that 
tmie  much  of  the  acreage  has  been  abandoned,  largely  because  the  industry  requires  the 
expenditure  of  considerable  capital  and  the  employment  of  large  numbers  of  laborers 
while  there  is  httle  appreciable  yield  until  the  fifth  or  sixth  year. 

Details  of  the  cacao  industry  from  1913  to  1918: 


Years 

Acreage 

1913 

1,863 
2,316 
2,020 

1914 

1916 

Exports 


Years 


Acreage 


Exports 


Tons 
25 
22 
26 


1916. 
1917. 
1918. 


2,121 
1,970 
2.040 


Tons 
20 

4 
4 


The  Ume  growing  industry,  which  is  largely  in  the  hands  of  two  local  firms,  is  developing 
rapidly.     Details  of  the  industry  from  1913  to  1918: 


Years 


Area 


Exports 


Citrate  of  lime 


Concentrated 
limejuice 


1913 
1914 
1915 
1916 
1917 
1918 


Essential 
oU 


Acres 

941 

690 

972 

1.140 

1.480 

1,350 


Tons 

li 
6 
8i 
28 
8 
U 


Gallons 
480 

*  4.446 

8,565 

17,287 

13,845 


XJallona 


•  •  •  • 

•  •  •  • 

'290 
251 
180 


_      Estimated  niunbcr  of  hvestock  on  the  coastal  fringe  of  the  colonv  from  1913  to 


Animals 


1918: 


1913 


1914 


1915 


1916 


Cattle. . . 
Sheep. 
Goats. . . 
Swine. . . 
Donkeys , 
Mules. . . 
Horses.  . 
Buffaloes 


81,240 

18,410 

14,030 

14,000 

6,060 

1,780 

960 

74 


1917 


1918 


89,500 

19,700 

14,800 

11,600 

"6,000 

2,000 

1,010 

100 


97,760 

22,150 

15,290 

13,768 

6,078 

2,137 

1,000 

136 


93,264 

22,806 

14,766 

12,450 

6,466 

2,390 

1,000 

150 


98,950 

22.840 

13,750 

11,800 

6,670 

2,232 

970 

160 


77.108 

20.611 

11,236 

12,532 

5,332 

2,442 

1,005 

176 


r«;=-  f  "^   ^'^^  ^'^^  ""^  savannah  land  in  the  interior  which  are  suitable  for  cattle 

mTnr^    I?K    '  ^T!^^, district  thci^  are  reported  to  be  30,000  head  of  cattle  and 
600  horses.    The  completion  of  a  cattle  trail  to  the  district  has  helped  the  industry 


178 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


BRITISH  GUIANA 


« 


Gold  production  attained  its  maximum  in  the  fiscal  year  1893-1894  when  138,528 
ounces  were  reported.  In  1913,  62,098  ounces  were  mined;  in  1914,  63,801  ounces;  in 
1915,  53,907  ounces;  1916,  37,046  ounces;  1917,  29,546  ounces;  1918,  24,546  ounces.  Pro- 
duction of  diamonds  in  1918  amounted  to  14,196  carats,  compared  with  17,908  carats  in 
1917. 

Bauxite  was  discovered  in  1917,  and  the  first  shipment  was  made  in  March  of  that 
year.  Leases  for  2,500  acres  of  development  rights  have  been  granted  by  the  government. 
As  a  large  amount  of  development  work  has  been  done,  the  prospect  is  that  bauxite  will 
become  the  colony's  most  important  mineral  product.  The  output  to  December  31,  1918, 
is  10,322  tons  mined  and  8,097  tons  exported. 

The  output  of  balata  since  1913  has  been  as  follows:  1913,  1,373,207  pounds;  1914, 
1,148,725  pounds;  1915,  1,180,119  pounds;  1916,  1,478,671  pounds;  1917,  1,572,722  pounds; 
1918,  1,198,192  pounds.  The  production  in  this  industry  is  influenced  to  a  great  extent 
by  weather  conditions,  the  falling  off  in  1918  resulting  from  a  drought  in  the  balata  districts. 
Several  companies  are  interested  in  balata  production,  the  largest  of  which  in  1917  paid 
royalty  on  912,021  pounds  and  in  1918  on  617,897  pounds. 

There  are  some  78,500  square  miles  of  timber  lands,  owned  principally  by  the  govern- 
ment, much  of  which  is  inaccessible  owing  to  lack  of  railway  transportation  and  the  water- 
falls and  rapids  in  the  rivers.  The  production  of  timber  in  1918  was  as  follows :  Greenheart, 
505,904  cubic  feet;  other  hard  woods,  75,237  cubic  feet;  crabwood,  67,814  cubic  feet;  other 
soft  woods,  26,324  cubic  feet;  shingles,  5,709,225;  firewood,  82,494  cords;  charcoal,  12,- 
656,416  pounds.  The  chief  handicap  to  this  industry  is  the  high  cost  of  production  because 
of  the  lack  of  a  market  for  all  classes  of  woods  to  be  found  in  the  forests  which  would  make 
possible  the  complete  clearing  of  timber  lands  rather  than  the  selecting  of  trees  of  green- 
heart  and  crabwood  and  hauling  them  long  distances  in  the  forests,  as  is  now  the  practice. 
This  method  of  lumbering  is  exceedingly  expensive  and  puts  the  product  on  the  market  at 
a  high  cost. 

Railways: 

(1)  Demerara  Railway,  79  miles,  main  line  4  feet  83^  inch  gauge  (60  miles)  from 
Georgetown  to  Rossignal,  a  point  opposite  New  Amsterdam,  the  second  largest  town  in  the 
colony;  branch  Hne  (19  miles),  Vreedlan-en  Hoop  on  the  Demerara  river  to  Greenwich 
Park  on  the  Atlantic  coast,  gauge,  3  feet,  6  inches.  (2)  Sprostons,  Ltd.,  a  large  joint  stock 
corporation  operating  in  the  colony,  has  constructed  a  railway  from  Wisner,  on  the  Deme- 
rara river,  65  miles  above  its  mouth,  to  Rockstone,  on  the  Esseginbo  river  (meter  gauge). 
Sprostons,  Ltd.,  employs  normally  above  1,000  persons,  owns  a  foundry,  woodworking  mill, 
ship  repair  yard,  lumber  yard,  the  railway  described  above,  and  a  steamship  and  launch 
service  on  the  coast  and  rivers. 

There  are  74  post  offices,  573  miles  of  telegraph  (government  owned),  and  telephone 
service  in  Georgetown  and  New  Amsterdam. 

Money,  Banks,  Weights  and  Measures: 

Accounts  are  kept  in  dollars  and  cents.  Currency  as  in  Great  Britain.  Banks:  Royal 
Bank  of  Canada  and  Colonial  Bank,  both  issuing  notes.  Silver  fourpenny  pieces  are  the 
principal  local  coins.    Government  notes  of  one  and  two  dollars  are  issued. 

Consular  representatives: 

There  is  a  United  States  consular  official  stationed  at  Georgetown. 

Language:  English. 


Shipping  routes: 
Trinidad  Line. 


179 


Quebec  Steamship  Company. 
Raporel  Steamship  Line. 

Customs  Tariff: 

The  tariff  is  divided  into  two  parts  specifying  goods  subject  to  specific  duty  principaUy 
on  the  basis  of  weight  and  goods  subject  to  ad  valorem  duty.  The  British  Preferential 
Tanff  establishes  a  reduction  m  favor  of  British  goods. 

Consular  regulations:  No  consular  documents  required;  no  restrictions  as  to  marks 

Cable  rate:  From  New  York  or  New  England  states,  $0.36  per  word. 

Postal  rate:  United  States  domestic  letter  rates. 

Mail  time:  To  Demerara  direct  eleven  days  from  New  York. 

Parcel  Post:  Service  extends  to  British  Guiana.    Limit  of  weight,  11  pounds 

Prohibitions:  Parts  of  articles  subject  to  customs  duty. 

Money  orders:  Issued  on  domestic  form. 

International  reply  coupons:  Not  issued. 


DUTCH  GUIANA 

.K^  '''l^u^u''^*^  ^f  ^«^la^ds,  situate  between  British  and  French  Guiana,  and  bounded 
on  the  north  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  Area,  40,000  square  miles;  population  91,622.  Capital 
and  only  town  of  commercial  importance  Paramaribo,  population  38,191.  The  majoritv 
of  the  population  is  Negro.  There  are  about  65,000  acr^s  under  cultivation,  a  large  pr<>. 
portion  of  the  country  being  covered  by  forests.  Cacao  is  the  principal  agricultural  product 
sugar  having  led  formerly;  coffee,  cott»n  and  balata  have  also  decUned,  owing  to  labor 

fr^a  .^"^  ^™^  ^  ''''  *^^  ''''''^^-  ^^^'^  production  has  declined.  Gold  is 
mined  (886,458  gramsin  1916).  The  country  is  chiefly  alluvial.  Transportation  is  largely 
by  nver  steainere.  There  are  109  miles  of  railroad,  the  only  important  line  extending  f^m 
Paramanbo  to  Nacaun,  a  gold  shipping  point  on  the  Surinam  River.    Lack  of  transporta- 

loTs  fot'^^S'  ^f^^^^P™^^*  1*»^«  «o^*^-       Foreign  tn.de  per  capita  amoun^S  in 
l»18  to  $39.89.     Imports,  $25.77;  exports,  $14.12. 

Commerce 

.„H  Jo  «of^i^  *'^*  '°J®**  amounted  to  $5,1H531,  of  wWch  $2,362,526  were  imports 
ana  9Z,962,W)5  were  exports. 


Value  of  the  total  foreign  trade  of  the  United  States  with  Dutch  Guiana  for  eleven 


years: 


Year 

Ended 

June 

30 


Exports 


Domestic 


Foreign 


Total 


1909. 

1910. 

1911. 

1912. 

1913. 

1914. 

191.5 

19lfi. 

1917.: 

1918., 

1919., 


Imports 


Free 


$610,241 
683.230 
720,623 
785,645 
697,706 
707.94.'> 
574.954 
705,905 

1.235.072 
947.928 


Dutiable 


Total 


$1,846 
2.659 
2.230 
6,568 
6,781 
3,537 
8.138 
7.159 
7.644 

34,479 


$612,087 
685.889 
722,863 
792,213 
704,487 
711,482 
583,092 
713.064 

1.242,716 
982.407 

2.087.416 


Per 

Cent. 
Free 


Excess  of 
Exports  (+) 

or 
Imports  (-) 


$650,739 
550,232 
840.147 
696.346 
665,960 

1,018,342 
454,170 
477,462 
954.684 
763.023 


$215,004 
375,550 
159.074 
252.336 
155.600 
7.708 
232,339 
130.219 
693,853 
209,372 


$865,743 
925,782 
999.221 
948,682 
821,460 

1.026,050 
686,509 
607,681 

1.648.537 
972,395 
868,064 


75.16 
59.43 
84.08 
73.40 
81.07 
99.25 
66.16 
78.57 
57.92 
78.47 


-$253,656 
-239,893 
-276,368 
-156,469 
-116,973 
-314,568 
-103,417 
+105,383 
-405.821 
+10,012 
+2,219.052 


! 


180 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Value  of  the  principal  imports  from  all  sources  and  those  from  the  United  States 
during  1917  and  1918: 


Articles 


Total 


1917 


1918 


Ammunition  and  explosives. 

Beef,  salted  and  smoked 

Beer,  stout,  and  ales 

Books,  all  kinds 

Bottoms,  staves,  and  hoops. 

Biscuits,  all  kinds 

Butter  and  siibstitiites 

Candles 

Cement 

Cheese 

Cigars 

Coal 

Dry  goods  and  clothing .... 

Earthenware 

Fish,  salted  and  smoked 

Flour  and  meals 

Hats 

Hides  and  leather 

Iron,  all  kinds 

Jewelry 

Lime 

Nails  and  spikes 

Notions 

Oakum 

Oils: 

Mineral 

Vegetable 

Opium  and  ganja 

Paper,  print,  etc 

Pamts  and  varnishes 

Pork,  salt  and  smoked 

Potatoes 

Rice 

Shoes 

Rope 

Sacks 

Salt 

Soap 

Tea 

Tin  plate 

Tobacco 

Vinegar  and  essence  of 

Wine,  all  kinds 

All  other  articles 


$11,544 

248,382 

52.277 

8,937 

6,755 

19,583 

72,071 

6,514 

11,039 

7,788 

20,367 

62.980 

423,657 

7.012 

161,749 

310,895 

18,047 

40,862 

60,198 

993 

10,284 

8.117 

1.941 

1,941 

161.329 

102.160 

13,584 

36,850 

34,917 

64.954 

12,020 

59,106 

19.962 

174282 

79.620 

9.792 

48,068 

8,788 

248 

39.266 

5,289 

17,305 

763.887 


$164,332 
45.151 

1,546 
14,310 

7,132 
66,967 

7,606 
12,973 

8.646 

7,856 

'  529.926 

4,829 

142,496 

27,389 

20,777 

18.444 

81.488 

796 

6.161 

9.898 


2.163 


Total $3,068,376       $2,362,526 

Share  of  the  United  States  in  the  exports  of  1916  and  1917: 


Articles 


Total 


1916 


1917 


Balata 

Cacao 

Coffee 

Gold,  raw 

Hides 

Molasses 

Rubber 

Rimx 

Sugar 

Wood 

All  other  articles 

Total 


$925,410 

547.854 

369.939 

496,416 

5,250 

5,018 

10,846 

71,390 

755,554 

12.147 

21.776 

$3,221,600 


$1,241,043 

400,793 

235,030 

392.752 

3,260 

12,738 

5,102 

39,104 

1,072,892 

21,326 

8,818 

$3,432,868 


From  United  States 


1917 


1918 


$2,209 

291,539 

15,038 

621 

*  18.666 

16,858 

6.172 

9,342 

2.584 

1.912 

55,880 

141,192 

1.032 

30,784 

270.912 

3,104 

18.498 

39,623 

938 

10,060 

5,365 

48,100 

1.674 


66.240 

120.391 

19,002 

75,412 

3,467 

2.308 

17,367 

14,389 

12.544 

19.255 

26.546 

56,673 

14,366 

12.362 

22.900 

716 

37,076 

13,474 

10,759 

4.063 

63,107 

13.602 

6,849 

290 

34,012 

26,664 

13.857 

6,548 

195 

36.i8i 

14,561 

2,294 

4,400 

18,086 

5,686 

779,979 

182,791 

2.362,526 

$1,546,863 

$152,821 

37.707 

1.026 

*6.i24 
50,922 

6.979 
11.951 

6.108 

1.726 

"  1*96,667 

3,066 

67.788 

9,783 

7.197 

10,173 

59,694 

244 

20 

6,989 

1,749 

60,990 
11.300 
13 
13,198 
11,026 
36.924 
10,844 
16,147 
26,155 
5.148 

782 

10,585 
11.603 

'2J5",248 

2,252 

12,678 

415,296 

$1,304,222 


To  Unit«d  SUtes 


1916 


1917 


$271,828 
374,807 

493,628 
2.358 

' "  10,846 

425,638 
3,108 
1,283 

$1,683,496 


$654,025 
363.257 

1,032 
298,816 

2,662 

4,920 

36 

733,008 

19,813 

731 

$2,078,300 


DUTCH  GUIANA 


181 


Exports  to  principal  countries  of  destination  during  1917  and  1918: 


Countries 


1917 


1918 


Barbados 

British  Guiana 

Curasao 

French  Guiana 
Netherlands. .  . 
Trinidad 


Countries 


$4,349 
725.865 

25,014 
167.493 
254.035 
124,009 


1917 


1918 


$9,549 

1.315.538 

23.273 

326,300 


United  Kingdom.  , 

United  States 

All  other  countries 

Total 


$43,176 

2,078.300 

10,627 

$3,432,868 


$35,114 
1,122,231 


$2,832,005 


Value  of  the  principal  items  exported  from  Dutch  Guiana  during  1917  and  1918: 


Articles 


1917 


1918 


Balata.  . 
Cacao... 
Coflfee... 
Fiber. . . 
Gold.... 
Hides... 
Molasses. 


Articles 


$1,242,053 
400.793 
235.030 

'  392,762 

3,260 

12,738 


$900,032 

493,672 

314 

2,189 

389,765 

1,813 

5,743 


1917 


1918 


Rubber 

Rum 

Sugar 

Wood 

All  other  articles 


Total $3,432,868 


$5,102 
39,104 

1,072.892 
21,326 

.     20,556 


$2,577 
64,981 
944.193 
12,238 
14,488 

$2,832,005 


Language:  Dutch;  English  is  sometimes  used  in  commercial  correspondence. 
Shippmg  Routes: 

Royal  Dutch  West  India  MaU  Line. 

Trimdad  Line  (to  Demerara,  British  Guiana,  thence  by  comiecting  steamer). 

Quebec  Steamship  Co.  (to  Demerara,  British  Guiana,  thence  by  connoting  steamer). 
Customs  Tariff: 

a^^d  ;r Td  ^r:i  s  ""^  '"'^''^  '^  <'»'^-  ^y  o-<^  -  -^-^t. 

Cable  Rates:   From  New  York  or  New  England:  via  Haiti,  J1.38;  via  London,  $1  88 
Postal  Rates:  Postal  Union  rates. 

Hail  Time:  About  ten  days. 

Parcels  Post:  Service  extends  to  Dutch  Guiana.    Parcels  can  not  be  registered     Twn 

copies  of  the  "Custonu,  Declaration"  must  be  attached  to  each  pLS 
Honey  Orders:  Not  issued. 
International  Reply  Coupons:  Issued. 


FRENCH  GUIANA 

8outh\"°n°^J°  ^"*''  ^^"'^'  ^'^'^^^  °°  *■•«  '^^^  by  Dutch  Guiana,  the  east  and 

SinTiv   V      '^•,     T'^":  *••"  °'^y  ^"^  °'  importance  and  only  seaport,  had 
Sah^^   l'««'°  I     •,  T'>^'=°  o^y  has  been  used  as  a  penal  settlement  for  habit^ 

uauy  exceedmg  $2,000,000  m  value.    There  are  225  claims  and  concessions  being  de- 


182 


EXPORTERS  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


PARAGUAY 


\ 


veloped.  Phosphates  are  also  worked  and  exported.  Vegetable  oils,  cacao,  rosewood  and 
balata  are  also  exported.  The  total  imports  in  1915  were  valued  at  11,657,970  and  the 
exports  at  $1,853,620.    There  are  no  railways. 

Commerce 

Eleven  year  table  of  the  total  foreign  trade  of  the  United  States  with  French  Guiana: 


Year 
Ended 

Exports 

Imports 

Excess  of 

Exports  (♦) 

June 
30 

Domestic 

Foreign 

Total 

Free 

Dutiable 

Total 

Per 
Cent. 
Free 

or 
Imports  (-) 

1900.. 

$370,520 
298,803 
286,685 
248,596 
337,375 
294,986 
418,762 
490,570 
619,300 
744,973 

$1,095 

1,470 

349 

228 

339 

348 

2,535 

3,047 

7,340 

16,933 

$371,615 
300,273 
387,034 
248,824 
337,714 
295,334 
421,297 
493,617 
626,640 
761,906 

1,270,616 

$39,728 
21,147 
31,433 
50,707 
84,166 

$39,728 
21,171 
31,433 
50,811 
86,386 

100.00 
99.89 

100.00 
99.80 
97.43 

+$331,887 
+279,102 
+255,601 
+198,013 
♦251,328 
+295,334 
+393,138 
+441,103 
♦«26,576 
♦756,915 
+1,253,836 

1910. . 
1911.. 

$24 

1912.. 
1913.. 
1914.. 

104 
2,220 

1915.. 
1916.. 
1917.. 
1918.. 

19,990 

18,600 

35 

4,991 

8,169 

33,914 

29 

28,159 

52,514 

64 

4.991 

16,778 

70.99 

35.42 

54.68 

100.00 

1919.. 

Communication : 

Principally  by  coastal  and  river  steamers  and  launches,  run  for  the  most  part  by  the 
Societe  Francaise  de  Navigation  el  de  Transports  de  la  Guyane  which  has  its  head 
office  in  Paris. 

Bank: 

Bank  of  Guiana,  Cayenne. 
Currency: 

As  in  France. 

Weights  and  Measures: 
Metric  system. 

Language:  French. 

Shipping  Routes: 

Raporel  Steamship  Line. 

Goods  may  likewise  be  shipped  via  Demerara,  British  Guiana,  or  Trinidad,  for  trans- 
shipment to  French  Guiana.     See  under  British  Guiana  and  Trinidad. 
Customs  Tariff: 

The  customs  tariff  of  French  Guiana  is  simple,  providing  for  specific  duties,  principally 
based  on  weight.    There  is  a  large  free  list. 

Consular  Regulations:  As  in  France. 

Cable  Rates:  via  Haiti,  $1.31;  from  New  York  or  New  England  states. 

Postal  Rates:  Postal  Union  rates. 

Mail  Time:  Twelve  days. 

Parcels  Post:  Service  extends  to  French  Guiana.  Limit  of  weight,  11  pounds.  Parcels 
can  not  be  registered.  Two  copies  of  the  "Customs  Declaration"  must  be  attached 
to  each  parcel.  Prohibitions:  Same  as  for  France,  except  that  tobacco  may  be 
imported  subject  to  payment  of  customs  duty  and  other  charges. 

Money  Orders:  Not  issued. 

International  Reply  Coupons:  Issued* 


183 


£OLI\riJi 


1 


Uoo 


aoo 


AOO 


50(. 


J 


PARAGUAY 

A  republic  in  South  America  bounded  by  BoUvia,  Brazil,  and  Argentina.  Its  area 
■s  approximately  equivalent  to  that  of  the  stete  of  Missouri.  The  capital  and  principal 
oity,  Asuncion,  is  about  as  large  as  Salt  Lake  City  in  population. 

t..  .hIl'ofTh?u'n1-.L"T7'.  ''"^"''  1  '*"  T"""  '°"*''  "'  **•«  «^"^*«^  «^«  *e  opposite 
11  tnoae  of  the  United  States;  spring  is  from  September  21  to  December  21   <,.imm»r  f^^T 

The  principal  industries  of  Paraguay  are  agriculture  and  the  raising  of  cattle     The 

chie  agricultural  products  are  yerba  mate,  sugar,  and  tobacco.     The  growing  of  oranges 

-nportant,  as  is  the  exploitation  of  the  valuable  forest  resources,  especially  of  the  que- 

.racho  t,^.     The  livestock  industry  is  increasing  in  importance,  and  American  capital  ha« 

"icently  become  interested  in  this  field.     Manufacturing  is  relatively  unimportant. 

Although  the  railway  mileage  of  Paraguay  is  comparatively  small,  the  chief  cities  of 
Tie'  r       »-;<""'«''t«'l  with  each  other  and  with  Buenos  Ai,^,  Argentina,  by  rail, 
crt  IS,  in  addition,  steamship  service  between  Buenos  Aires  and  Asuncion. 

V^Z'i^T't  'T"*"  "'  ^""'^"'  '"  '"'  "^^  ^'""<"'  •^'^^^^  '"PP"-^  19  P«^  eent-     The 
J  d  States  took  4  per  cent,  of  the  total  exports  in  the  same  year.     The  per  capita  foreign 

-^le  of  Paraguay  in  1918  amounted  to  $20.74;  imports  to  $10.20;  exports  to  $10  54 


184 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Area  and  Population 

The  approximate  area  of  Paraguay  is  estimated  at  171,000  to  196,000  square  miles, 
over  100,000  square  miles  of  which,  known  as  the  Chaco,  lying  between  the  rivers  Paraguay 
and  Pilcomayo,  are  the  subject  of  a  dispute  between  Paraguay  and  Bolivia. 

The  total  population  of  the  country,  according  to  the  estimate  of  1916-17  was  1,000,000, 
exclusive  of  about  50,000  Chaco  Indians.  The  Guarani  Indian  predominates  in  the  popula- 
tion, and  with  Europeans,  chiefly  of  Spanish  blood,  and  Negroes  make  up  the  major  portion 
of  the  population  of  Paraguay  proper,  which  lies  between  the  Paraguay  and  Alto  ParanA 
Rivers.  The  population  of  the  chief  towns  and  the  surrounding  districts,  according  to 
the   estimate   of    1916-17   follows: 


A8unci6n  (capital) 

Villarica 

Concepci6n 

Luque 

Carapegnil 


120,000 
26,000 
15.000 
15.000 
15.000 


Encamaci6n . 

Paraguarl 

Villa  del  PUar 
San  Pedro 


12.500 
10.000 
10.000 

8,700 


Commerce 

« 

The  value  of  the  total  foreign  trade  of  Paraguay  in  1918  was  $21,777,794.    Of  this 
total,  imports  amounted  to  $10,720,073  and  exports  to  $11,057,721. 

Value  of  the  total  foreign  trade  of  the  United  States  with  Paraguay  for  eleven  years: 


Year 

Ended 

June 

30 

Exports 

Imports 

Per 
Cent. 
Free 

Excess  of 
Exports  (♦) 

Domestic 

Foreign     |       Total 

Free 

Dutiable           Total 

or 
Imports  (-) 

1909... 

$52,268 

61.142 

86.986 

161.661 

187.867 

172.712 

40,158 

73,449 

227,065 

670,706 

$52,268 

61,142 

86.986 

161,661 

187,867 

173.191 

40,205 

73.452 

227.065 

670.766 

734.370 

$16,777 

29.170 

34.496 

9,443 

58.243 

63,531 

933 

1,733 

1,996 

13.719 

$16,777 
29,170 
34,516 
9.443 
58.285 
64,651 
28,126 
53,337 
66,003 
69,797 

363,159 

100.00 

100.00 

99.94 

100.00 

99.93 

98.27 

3.32 

3.25 

3.01 

19.66 

♦$35,491 

♦31,972 

♦52,470 

♦152,218 

♦129,.582 

♦108,540 

♦12,079 

♦20,115 

♦161,062 

♦600.9(i9 

♦371.111 

1910. . . 

1911... 

$20 

1912... 

1913... 

42 

1.120 
27.193 
51.604 
64.007 
66.078 

1914... 
1915... 
1916... 
1917... 
1918... 
1919... 

$479 

47 

3 

1 

60 

• 

Foreign  trade  of  Paraguay  during  ten  years: 


Year 

Imports 

Exports 

Total 

1908 

1909 

1910 

1911 

1912 

1913 

1914 

1915 

1916 

1917 

$3,930,399 

3,655,372 
6,194,732 
6.460,670 
5,163,329 
7,876,397 
4,994,981 
2,333,711 
4,. 538,662 
4,945,624 

$3,731,745 
4,956.855 
4,744.825 
4.569.826 
4.087.472 
5,462,001 
4,446,827 
5.447,687 
4,715.828 
6,304.585 

$7,662,144 
8.612.227 

10.939,557 

11.030.496 
9.250,801 

13.338.;i9S 
9.441. SOS 
9,78l.:i9S 
9,2.54.490 

11,250,200 

PARAGUAY 


Imports  by  countries  of  origin  for  five  years: 


Countries 


1913 


1914 


1915 


Argentine 

United  Kingdom. 

United  States 

Spain 

Bra«il 

Italy 

Uruguay 

France 

Germany 

Netherlands 

Belgium 

Switzerland 

Austria-Hungary. 
Other  countries . . . 


1916 


Total. 


$1,057,456 

2,254.313 

473.679 

417,128 

44.739 

479,953 

58.360 

520.985 

2.176.607 

29.760 

184,234 

15.239 

85,113 

78,831 


$7,876,397 


$902,486 

1,138,021 

416,082 

271,936 

23,235 

345,626 

36,984 

251.410 

1,356.063 

9,529 

113,372 

11.335 

66.927 

51,975 


$4,994,981 


$765,354 

771.037 

210.232 

113.718 

8,904 

169,685 

30.140 

56.755 

161,669 

13.433 

4.463 

1.610 

1,013 

25.698 


$2,333,711 


$1,553,069 

1.745.037 

564,672 

175,204 

34.8^9 

256.233 

50,712 

70.794 

31,171 

16,004 

2,347 

11.103 


28.487 


$4,538,662 


Imports  by  major  classifications  for  five  years: 


Articles 


1913 


1914 


Textiles 

Foodstuffs ! 

Hardware 

Fancy  goods 

Wines,  spirits,  etc 

Drugs  and  chemicals 

Ready-made  clothing 

Animab 

Hats '.'.'.'.'.'.'. 

Electrical  supplies '.', 

Glass  and  china  ware. ....'.' 
Firearms  and  ammunition. 

Hides  and  skins 

Boots  and  shoes 

Musical  instruments. ..'.'. ". 

Furniture 

Tobacco !!!!.'!.'.'! 

Jewelry© .'.'.'.".'! 

Vehicles  and  accessories... 
Material  for  public  works. 
Miscellaneous 


1915 


1916 


Total. 


$2,195,029 

1,697,740 

1,608,461 

667,967 

377.270 

299,446 

176.275 

130.394 

124.021 

82.206 

102.223 

65,732 

61,455 

67,662 

40,370 

28.660 

15,666 

17.249 

43,669 

386,163 


$7,876,397 


$985,921 
1.315.654 
1,127,391 
298,835 
199,249 
227,701 
105.616 
63.501 
41.066 
83,344 
71.997 
58.793 
31,002 
38,164 
17,128 
24.628 
14,431 
4,712 
34.209 
251.648 


$4,994,981 


®  In  1916  and  1917  not  separately  stated. 

Exports  by  countries  of  destination  for  five 


$770,237 

639,864 

311,035 

97.714 

78,977 

114.225 

92,996 

38,876 

14,584 

10.829 

13.364 

3.550 

13.333 

7.616 

2,526 

2,408 

6,289 

1.015 

13.622 

100,651 


$2,333,711 


$1,869,576 

1.037.166 

750,599 

196,2,56 

143,113 

160,486 

153.615 

61.753 

30.986 

31.667 

21.246 

11.531 

24.901 

26.096 

6,656 

4,654 

6,203 


2.696 
"564' 


$4,538,662 


185 


1917 


$1,803,417 

1,449.638 

842.002 

300.432 

278.733 

131,731 

81,176 

74,795 

17.355 

9,055 

838 

1,953 

16 

54,453 


$4,945,624 


1917 


$1,862,245 

1,382,571 

539.836 

273.159 

202,854 

199,031 

161,726 

96,620 

50,943 

17,018 

37,133 

31,165 

31.688 

30.826 

7.676 

6.365 

5,801 


7,182 


1,886 


$4,945,624 


years: 


Countries 


^"° 

Uruguay. . . . 

United  States.'. ■.'.!.'■'" 

Tance.. 

Italy    

u;uWkii,,dom.::::: 

Netherlands. 

Norway...    

Auatria-Hunga^V.::::, 
^trmany 

^f  nmark  

^^"coumriei: ::::;:  ; 


1916 


1917 


$3,410,926 

26.195 

673,784 


ToUl. 


33.069 

11.109 

158 

37,740 


56.130 

10.124 

1.198.686 


6.081 


$2,634,760 
78.621 

672,929 
10,724 
49,466 
31,790 

112,082 
26,184 

107,393 


$6,462,001 


34,479 
'786,169' 
■2',24i  ■ 


$4,446,827 


$3,528,186 
63.527 

556.812 

293.926 
68.615 
37,412 

191.362 
27.432 

636.048 
53,827 


4,272 
58.078 
28.200 


$5,447,687 


$3,467,867 

361,420 

222,405 

227,287 

126.022 

141.807 

77,624 

15,245 

74,997 


$4,821,718 

570,890 

438.436 

199.189 

173,115 

55,323 

32,718 

6,232 

1,357 


1,154 


$4,715,828 


5,607 


$6,304,585 


vl 


t 


186 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Exports  by  principal  articles  for  five  yean: 


Articles 


1913 


1914 


1915 


1916 


Quebracho  extract Tons 

Cattle  hides No. 

Yerba  mat6 Tone 

Tobacco Tons 

Quebracho  logs Tons 

Logs,  other Tons 

Posts No 

Oranges No 

Beef  cattle No. 

Oil  of  petit  grain Tons 

Tallow Tons 

Horsehair Tons 

Horns Tons 

Bran Tons 

Meat  extract Tons 

Preserved  meats Tons 

Beef  meal Tons 

Jerked  beef Tons 

Sugar Tons 

Heron  plumes  (aigrettes) .  .Grams 


1917 


11.730 

12.710 

307,806 

265,900 

4.266 

3.331 

5,426 

4,532 

13.068 

8,417 

7.977 

6.882 

778,870 

580.212 

168,040,040 

149.151,050 

36,546 

24.385 

33 

26 

200 

164 

91 

67 

295 

191 

397 

693 

14 

17 

133 

34 

43 

1,714 

745 

421 

44,050 

35,930 

18.308 

286.277 

4.709 

7,125 

2,323 

5,186 

749.096 

216,996,750 

29.509 

38 

299 

82 

46 

321 

5 

355 


1,074 
'18.098' 


21,136 

29.899 

186,435 

253.952 

3.275 

3.845 

6.837 

6.988 

1.006 

1.645 

8.608 

38.955 

596.734 

1.073.652 

189,382,503 

174.752.000 

28,410 

62,936 

46 

61 

81 

237 

98 

95 

33 

49 

473 

1 

115,600 


1.034 
"860 


Production  and  Industry 

The  chief  industries  of  Paraguay  are  the  raising  of  livestock,  and  a  small  concomitant 
meat  packing  industry,  the  cultivation  of  yerba  mat^,  or  Paraguayan  tea,  tobacco,  the 
export  of  petit  grain  oil,  made  from  the  leaves  of  the  sour  orange,  quebracho  extract  and 
wood,  curupray  wood,  the  cultivation  of  sugar,  and  the  following  agricultural  products- 
maize,  beans,  sweet  potatoes  and  mandioca,  for  local  consumption. 

The  distribution  of  land,  according  to  the  official  statistics,  is  as  follows  (in  acres) : 


Total  area 

Of  which  used 

as  follows : 

Stock  lands 

Yerba  mat4  lands 

Timber 

Tobacco 

Sugar  cane 

Forage 

Rice 

Other  crops 

Town  lands 

Unexploited  government  land 


100,035.000 
65.977.150 

29,640,000 
6,946,875 

19.760,000 
24,700 
14.820 
19.760 
9,880 
11,115 
24,720 

44,033,110 


The  estimated  number  of  livestock  in  Paraguay  in  1915,  as  compared  with  1899  and 
1877  is  shown  by  the  following  table: 


Livestock 

1877 

1899 

1915 

Cattle 

200,525 

6.668 

21,140 

2,799 

3.026 

2.283.089 

214.058 

182.790 

7.567 

23.887 

32.334 

5.249.043 

600.000 

478.000 

35.000 

61.000 

87,000 

Sheep 

Horseg 

Mules  and  asses 

Hogs ; 

Goats 

PARAGUAY 


187 


The  total  number  of  cattle  in  the  year  1915,  compared  with  other  important  cattle 
producmg  countnes  is  shown  m  the  following  table: 


Countries 


Number  of 
Cattle 


Approximate 
Population 


Number  of 

Cattle  per  1,000 

Inhabitants 


Number  of 

Cattle  per 

Sq.  Kilometer 


Paraguay, 
Uruguay . 
Argentina 
Brazil. . . . 
Australia . 


5,249.043 

8.192,602 

29.120,000 

30,705,000 

11,819,000 


1,000,000 
1,226,000 
7,500,000 
22,300,000 
4,750,000 


5,249 
6.518 
3.882 
1,376 

2,488 


11.8 

41.6 

9.7 

3.5 

1.5 


During  a  period  of  years  the  exporte  of  cattle,  hides  and  skins  has  been  as  follows: 


Years 


Live  Animals 
Exported 


Hides,  Skins 
Exported 


1910. 
1911. 
1912. 
1913. 
1914. 
1915. 


Percentage  of 
Total  Cattle 


343.458 
302,512 
342,703 
398,048 
342,782 
340,692 


8.3 
7.3 
7.9 
9.3 
7.4 
6.4 


-nie  sugar  industry  is  growing  in  importance.     The  greater  part  of  the  sugar  and  sugar 
3  has  been  used  until  recently  in  the  manufacture  of  indnsfrial  oi..i,.i  Ja  ..  ...__^  ,, 


^ L     L  ...  ° 1— ^..**^.v,.     A  "c  1^1  CO  uer  pare  oi  me  sugar  a 

a^ati^,^''  ''^^''*^^  ^  *^^  manufacture  of  industrial  alcohol  and  of 

ov./^^  ^^^^"T^  ^^^^  «^«^«  t^«  production  of  sugar  cane,  sugar,  alcohol  and 
over  a  penod  of  six  years. 


cana. 


"cana" 


Years 


Cane 
Tons 


Sugar 


Kilos 


1910 
1911 
1912 
1913 
1914 
1915 


Pounds 


Alcohol 


Liters 


16,417 
9,161 
19,837 
30,939 
46,107 
36,555 


834,000 

478,000 

849.800 

1.461.000 

2,559,000 

1.636,377 


1.838,655 
1,053,810 
1,873.488 
3.220.931 
5,641.584 
3,387.109 


130,000 
77,000 
217.000 
403,720 
415,200 
235,175 


Gallons 


"Cana" 


Liters 


Gallons 


34,342 

20,341 

57,325 

106.651 

109.684 
62,126 


42,525 

75.560 

257.710 

475.500 

53.350 

807.500 


11,234 
19.961 
68,079 
125.613 
14,093 
57,457 


include  ^,!tL       '°  *'"'*':!i'°.°  ">  ^^"  """  "-120  acres.    During  the  years  1910-1914. 

In  ms  oX?,  Jt*"  "^^"^  '°  '^°""*'  """^<'  ^'""^  3'«25.266  to  5,751,647  pounds 

f^m  Sfi]   "^1      .     '"^LT  "°'"'*^-    '^'^^  ^^^'''^^  ''"«'""*  of  «"«"  obtained 
S^r^^t  ^"^  ?n  !  '!'"7»"«'  '«""  4-3  per  cent,  to  5.5  per  cent.,  aa  compared  with 

The  8^1^    K^fl        '.      1  "^  percentage  being  due  to  antiquated  machinery  and  methods 
tuienes  throughout  the  repubhc  which  produce  "cana." 

(Par  Julitawlrt^'t"*  '"'^'^'^""  1*'  ''""''"'=  ^  *^  P""'"'=«°"  "^  y*^"'"  "^^ 
hi<,Zr^rf''      *     *^  ''^"'^  '^^^  ■"  '•'e  eastern  and  central  parts  of  the  country 

'-I^o^t^t '''"""  "T-'^  "'''  ''•'^''^  P-P'«  -  ^^^  Am:ricl te  rSr 
"ereTgTelt^         T:    ?'''  '«»*»''  O"  it^  export  from  Paraguay.     In  1917  there 
'X'mpar^^v^^^^f/^ '?  '*"  P'^d-'efon.  the  yield  amounting  to  7,049,500  Idlos,  as 
pared  with  7,862,250  kdos  m  1914.    The  Departmente  of  Concepcion.  Encamadon 


188 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


San  PedrO;  Ihu  and  Caazapa  produced  practically  the  whole  of  this  amount.    Of  the  total 
produced  in  1915,  4,709,213  kilos  were  exported. 

The  tobacco  crop  is  one  of  the  principal  sources  of  revenue,  and  is  cultivated  chiefly 
by  small  farmers.  Between  60  per  cent,  and  70  per  cent,  of  the  annual  production  was  exported 
chiefly,  before  the  war,  to  Germany,  but  also  to  Holland,  Argentine,  England,  Denmark. 
Norway,  Italy  and  Uruguay.  The  following  table  shows  the  exports  of  tobacco  in  recent 
years: 


VpftTft 

Amount  Exported. 

Years 

Amount  Exported. 

Bales 

(Kilos) 

Weight 
(Pounds) 

Bales 

(Kilos) 

Weight 
(Pounds) 

1908 

51,340 
50,483 
59.424 
72,422 

5,034.657 
4,850.935 
5,622.803 
6,435,358 

11,099,506 
10,694,490 
12.396,145 
14,187,500 

1912 

1913 

1914 

1915 

45,454 
61.077 
59,258 
74,655 

4,001.892 
5,827.762 
4,648,648 
7,378.934 

8.822,671 

1909 

12.848.003 

1910 

10.248.524 

1911 

16,267,806 

In  recent  years,  orange  raising  for  export  has  become  an  extensive  industry.  Owing 
to  the  fact  that  the  Paraguayan  orange  ripens  some  weeks  earlier  than  that  grown  in  Argen- 
tina and  Uruguay,  those  countries  offer  a  good  market.  The  number  of  oranges  exported 
during  recent  years  has  been  as  follows:  1910,  136,052,630;  1911,  129,722,910;  1912, 
125,591,180;  1913,  168,040,040;  1914,  149,150,050;  1915,  216,998,750.  The  leaf  of  the  sour 
orange  yields  an  essential  oil  known  as  petit  grain,  used  in  the  manufacture  of  perfumes 
and  flavoring  extracts,  which  is  exported  to  a  considerable  extent  from  Paraguay. 

Quebracho  wood,  and  the  tanning  extract  derived  therefrom  are  exported,  chiefly  to 
Argentina  and  Uruguay.  There  are  at  present  six  quebracho  factories  operating  in  Para- 
guay, five  of  which  are  controlled  from  Buenos  Aires  and  are  presumably  of  Argentina 
ownership.  The  International  Products  Co.,  an  American  corporation,  has  just  built  the 
sixth  plant  at  Puerto  Pinazco,  Paraguay,  and  began  operation  about  the  end  of  the  year. 
The  five  Buenos  Aires  controlled  plants,  the  names  and  addresses  of  which  appear  in  the 
table  below,  export  all  their  products  to  Buenos  Aires,  whence,  it  is  understood,  the  bulk 
of  it  is  re-exported  as  Argentinian  extract.  The  American  company  will  export  its  quebracho 
extract  direct  to  New  York.  The  following  table  shows  the  number  of  tons  of  quebracho 
extract  produced  in  Paraguay  during  the  years  1915,  19J6,  1917  and  1918,  by  companies: 


Companies 


1915 


1916 


1917 


1918 


Campos  y  Quebrachales,  Puerto  Sastre 

Compania  de  Tierras  Carlos  Casado  (Ltd.),  Puerto  Casado. 

Sociedad  Forestal.  Puerto  Guarini 

Quebrachales  y  Estancias.  Puerto  Galileo 

Quebrachales  Fusionados,  Puerto  Max 


Total 


Tons 
5,200 
7,340 
5,658 
2,347 
7,876 

28,421 


Tons 
4,800 
6.257 
3.228 
1,074 


15.359 


Tons 
7,700 
6,977 
4.305 
2.671 
3.252 

25.103 


Tons 
7.500 
4.897 
6,033 
940 
3,810 

23.180 


In  spite  of  the  higher  prices  for  which  quebracho  extract  has  sold  since  the  war,  the 
production  has  been  considerably  below  normal,  due  chiefly  to  prolonged  strikes  of  trans- 
portation companies  of  Paraguay  and  Argentina,  during  which  time  all  shipping  had  to  stop 
because  of  insufficient  warehouse  space  to  store  accumulated  stocks  at  the  plants.  Accord- 
ing to  statistics  furnished  by  the  factories,  the  average  yield  of  extract  per  ton  of  quebracho 
logs  is  about  23  per  cent. 

Manufacturing  has  as  yet  assumed  relatively  httle  importance  in  Paraguay.  There 
are  one  large  flour  mill,  one  boot  and  shoe  factory,  and  one  brewery  capitaUzed  for  amounts 
varying  from  250,000  to  700,000  gold  pesos. 


PARAGUAY 


189 


Railways,  Telegraphs: 

The  total  railway  mileage  of  Paraguay  amounts  to  467  miles,  of  which  only  about 
291  miles  represent  a  common-carrier  service,  the  rest  being  owned  and  operated  by  nul 
bracho  companies  for  the  transportation  of  logs.  Extensions  to  the  Para^ay  CentrlJ 
Railway  are  planned  which  wUI  connect  Asuncion  with  the  Atlantic  seabo^d  via  Sa^ 
Paulo-Rio  Grande  Rai  way,  and  a  Une  is  hkewise  planned  to  extend  through  thrChact 

Vm^Zf}.  r"""t  '1^'''^''  ^  '"'^'^^^'^  ^^'^  ^"«^««  Aires  by  rail  and  steamshTp 
TYaffic  on  the  steamship  hnes  predominates.     There  are  2,050  mil  J  of  tele^aph  aTd  46 

offices  m  the  repubhc;  and  three  radio  stations. 
Money: 

of  Pa™*^  'no' JoIh"'  "'  *°-«f\^'"'*-'  S'^'-  "—y.  -  the  nominal  monetary  unit 
of  Paraguay.  No  gold  ,s  current,  however,  and  paper  pesos,  with  a  subsidiary  nickel 
comage  of  5,  0  and  20  centavos.  forms  the  medium  of  exchange.  The  paCcurncv 
wa  t^^r  fluctuations;  for  a  considerable  period  before  the  war  the  ratT^  exchange 
was  1,500,  the  paper  peso,  thus  being  worth  $0.06  United  States  currency.     In  Jdy  1914 

ir  rr^x  asx:TiTo^^"o^  *^?'T  --■  r  4""^ 

he  stab,hzat,on  of  exchange  by  which  all  exporters  must  declare  the  gold%Sue  ofThllr 
exports  and  buy  paper  money  at  a  fixed  rate  from  an  exchange  bureau  ^tewf-hllL  I 
goyemment,  thereby  leaving  the  gold  in  the  country.    The  governZt  p^f  at  the  di^L*  .^ 

1  tf,  ""f^Z  '"""'  *  '""•*  "'  ''■'^•'^  Pape 'pesos.  pTu.  the  ^0^1  re^fv^C 
the  sale  of  gold  currency,  and  the  available  funds  of  the  Banco  Amcola     Tm!  If    k 

«ly  stabilized  the  exchange  rate,  and  improved  th:  g'Zl  ZTI  co^^tio'^^f  th^ 

^Q7 1*"^™  "!u'f  ^^?^ '"  Paraguay  with  a  total  capitalization  of  $4,629,244  gold  $56  650 
397  paper,  w.th  total  reserves  amounting  to  $1,232,974  gold,  $18,10^,102  Jp^l  foSl 


Banks 


Capital 


Gold  Pesos 


Paper  Pesos 


Banco  de  la  Republic 

«anco  Mercantil  de  Paraguay. ' ' 
Banco  Agricola  del  Paraguay      ' 
S^nco  de  Espana  y  America   .'  " 
^aya  de  Credito  Commercial . 
Banco  Constructor  del  Paraguay. 

Total 


Reserves 


Gold  Pesos 


4,000,000 


629,244 


4,629.244 


Paper  Peso* 


20,000,000 
34,590.000 

594,366 
1,466,500 

56.650,397 


1,215,447 


17,527 


1,232.974 


18,000,000 


102,102 
not  stated 

18,102,102 


I>iplomatic  and  Consular  Representatives: 

Part^'^^  ^^^  ^^  *  "^^^^'^  ^^'^"^  ^^^  t^«  Vice-consuls  at  Asuncion 
^ns2TZ^Z7r1^l''  Washington,  consuls  general  in  New  York  and  Philadelphia, 
(P  R)  Z         ™^.^«^,«'  ?h»«^g«'  Boston,  New  York,  New  Orleans,  Norfolk   San  Juan 
Ne.^  rI^^'T^^  ^t^''  Washington,  Indianapolis,  Detroit,  Pliladelphi;  Newt" 

CusCS    '  ''  "'•  ""'"^  ^"^'^''  '''^'"'"'  ^^'^^^"^^^^^  and  NewaT 

^rtieEZ!^^.^^f  K  ^T^''''''  enumerates  several  thousand  articles,  and  for  each 
^y  ine  i&ntt  itself.    There  are  vanous  surtaxes. 


190 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


PERU 


Consular  Regulations: 

Certificate  of  origin  in  Spanish  must  be  certified  by  the  consul  in  duplicate.    Bills  of 
lading  in  duplicate  must  be  certified  (charge  $2.00  per  set).    If  shipment  is  made  via 
Montevideo,  bills  of  lading  must  also  be  certified  by  the  Uruguayan  consul  (charge  $1.61) 
Packages  should  be  marked  "En  transito  paro  Paraguay"  (In  transit  to  Paraguay). 
Language:  Spanish. 

Local  Advertising  Media: 

Paraguay  has  seven  newspapers — only  two  of  which  are  to  be  considered  by  the  foreign 
advertiser.     There  are  two  commercial  journals — one  weekly  and  one  a  bi-monthly. 
Shipping  Routes: 

See  routes  to  Montevideo  (Uruguay)  and  Buenos  Aires  (Argentina). 
Cable  Rates: 

Via  Colon  $0.50  per  word  from  New  York  or  New  England  states. 
Postal  Rates:  Postal  Union  rates. 
Mail  Time:  Varies. 
Parcel  Post: 

Service  extends  to  Paraguay.    Limit  of  weight,  11  pounds.     Rate,  12  cents  per  pound 
or  fraction  thereof,  plus  an  additional  charge  of  30  cents  for  each  parcel,  whatever  its  weight, 
to  cover  the  transit  service  of  the  parcels  through  Argentina.     Parcels  cannot  be  registered. 
Money  Orders:  Not  issued. 
International  Reply  Coupons:  Not  issued. 


PERU 

Pacific  Ocean.    Its  area  is  a  Uttk  iZ»  fh      f '      *^/  """^  ^^  ^^^'  '^'^  "^  t^e  west  by 

Texas.    Lima,  the  ca^Jand  ^S  ^y  LZ'^f  °T  "^  *^^  *"'''  »'  ''^'^  «***«  »' 

Although  Peru  hes  whoUv  ^fT  .t    1  *"  '"^'  ""  ^"^"*°'''  Pe°°«ylvania. 

America  to  the  Gulf  of  GwZ^  in  Z  JT  ^^^.^"""J^  "^""g  the  west  coast  of  South 
t-Perate  cUmate,  althouXraa^e^^S  fnt^ ^^^clS"'  ^^^  "  ''"^  ^  -°'' 

""d  a«>  being  expldLl  iSy  brAmeri^'elX"  O?  "'T**  ?^'  '"  *'*"'  "°"»*-^ 
most  important,  being  foll^e^  bv  eZ^     '^     ..      a^Jcultural  crops,  sugar  is  the 

^'-.eather.anaw..a.nr^-^t^^^^^^^ 

» -achS";^,!^  ~o^;  1 1 7^'"  !r.  f,  "^  ''"^°-*  '^^'^-  *•>«  «=%  of  i^uitos' 

A-azon  via  M^na^     Ther^T,  n^    ,  T  *''*  '^*'*°"''  '^^  °'  B""".  «"d  'hence  up  the 
«"»t  cities  of  C^ndTJm^  '^       ""''  °°  °^"'*"''  communication  between  the  west 


192 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Of  the  total  imports  in  1918  the  United  States  supplied  64  per  cent.  The  United 
States  took  47  per  cent,  of  the  total  exports  in  the  same  year.  The  per  capita  foreign  trade 
of  Peru  in  1918  amounted  to  $34.22;  imports  to  $13.77;  exports  to  $20.45. 


Area  and  Population. 
The  republic  may  be  divided  into  three  sections: 

(1).  The  western  lowlands,  in  which  are  all  the  Pacific  ports,  and  the  cities  of  Lima, 
Trujillo,  Piura,  Catacoas.  This  section  of  the  country  contains  the  principal  agricultural 
districts,  the  petroleum  fields,  and,  in  the  south,  the  vineyards. 

(2).  The  plateau  lands  of  the  western  and  central  Andes,  lying  from  7,500  to  14,000 
feet  above  sea  level,  extending  from  the  northern  boundary  to  Lake  Titicaca.  In  this 
section  are  located  the  cities  of  Arequipa,  Cuzco,  Juliaco  and  Huancayo.  It  contains  the 
principal  mineral  wealth  of  the  republic,  including  the  Cerro  de  Pasco  and  Morococha 
mines.    The  raising  of  livestock  is  also  carried  on  in  this  district. 

(3).  The  eastern  slope  and  lowlands.  Sparsely  populated,  covered  with  tropical 
forests,  and  lacking  in  railroad  facilities.  Iquitos,  2,500  miles  up  the  Amazon,  is  the  chief 
port.  Products  are  rubber,  hard  woods,  dye  woods  and  vegetable  ivory.  The  district 
is  capable  of  agricultural  development  also. 

There  has  been  no  census  oflBcially  taken  since  1876.  The  estimated  area  is  683,321 
square  miles;  the  estimated  present  population  is  4,500,000,  of  which  approximately  900,000 
are  White;  1,200,000  are  Mestizos,  3,000,000  are  Indians,  and  400,000  miscellaneous. 
There  are  large  and  unknown  numbers  of  absolutely  uncivilized  Indians. 

The  population  of  the  departments  and  provinces  according  to  the  last  official  census 
(1876)  is  as  follows  (includes  Tacna,  now  occupied  by  Chile). 


Departments  and  Provinces 


Area: 
Square  Miles 


Population 


Census 


Estimate 


Departments: 

Amazonas 

Ancachs 

Apurimac 

Arequipa 

Ayacucho 

Cajamarca 

Cuaco 

Huancavelica 

Huanuco 

lea 

Junin 

Lambayeque 

Liberdad 

Lima  (1) 

Loreto 

Madre  de  Dies . . . 

Piura 

Puno 

Tacna 


Total  Departments . 


13,943 
16.562 

8,187 

21.947 

18.185 

12.638 

166.270 

9.251 
14,024 

8,718 
23,347 

4.614 
10.206 
13.310 
288.456 
24,747 
16,825 
41,198 
12,590 

714,918 


34.284 
284.830 
118.525 
157.046 
142,215 
212.746 
243.032 
103,069 

78,991 

60,255 
209.759 

86.738 
147,336 
225,800 

61,905 

'  135,615 

259.449 

36,009 

2,597,604 


70,676 
428,703 
177,387 
229,007 
302,469 
442.412 
438.646 
223,796 
145.301) 

90,962 
394.393 

\24.(y.n 

250,931 
298.106 
100.596 

16.000 
213,909 
537,345 

50,449 

4,520,787 


Note:     (1)  Province  of  Lima,  pop.  (1908)  172,927. 


Table  continued  on  page  193. 


PERU 


193 


Table  Continued: 


Departments  and  Provinoes 


Area: 
Square  Miles 


Population 


Census 


Provinces: 

Callao 

Moquegua 

Tumbes 

Total  Provinces 

Grand  Total . . . 


Estimate 


14 
5,549 
1,980 


34,492 
28,785 


63,277 
2,660,881 


48,118 

42,695 

8.602 

99.414 

4.620,201 


The  population  of  the  chief  cities  is  as  follows: 


Name 


Lima  (capital) 

Callao  (cnief  port) , 

.\requipa 

Cuzco 

Tnyillo 

Iquitos 

Albancay 

Ayacucho 


160,000 
40,000 
50,000 
30,000 
20,000 
20,000 
0,000 
20,000 


Cajamarca..., 
Cerro  de  Pasco 
Huaraz 

Huancavelica.  . 

Puno 

Barranco ' 

Chovillos 


12,000 
15,000 
17,000 
4,000 
6,000 
12,000 
10.000 


Commerce 


Of  t  J*'!  r!"'  "^  '^"  ^'^'^  ^"""^  '''^'  ''  ^'"^  ^  '^'^  ^^  «««-^-*ed  at  $154  000  000 
Of  this  total,  m^ports  were  estimated  at  $62,000,000  and  exports  at  $92,000,^ 


Value  of  the  total  foreign  trade  of  the  United  States  with  Peru  for  eleven 


Year 

Ended 

June 

30 


years: 


Exports 


Domestic 


Foreign 


1909.. 

1910.. 

1911.. 

1912.. 

1913.. 

1914.. 

1915.. 

1916.. 

1917. 

1918. 

1919./ 


$4,549,793 
4,536,126 
5,589,604 
5,510,582 
7,325,455 
7,115.514 
5,825,478 
9.381,384 
18,674,057 
2l,762,86r 


$8,071 

11,927 

7,519 

11,877 

16,448 

25,738 

47,996 

144,846 

154,827 

248,716 


Total 


$4,557,864 

4,548.053 

5,597,123 

5,522,459 

7,341.903 

7,141.252 

5,873,474 

9.526.230 

18,828,884 

22,011,583 

26.149,900 


$5,789,191 

6.616.354 

8,562.612 

9.265,041 

8,893.360 

11,502,486 

9,935,060 

20,678,223 

31,654.025 

38,313.110 


$597,353 

1,005,143 

751.418 

859.028 

768.219 

673.237 

2.661.588 

3,648,486 

4,724,991 

3,267,663 


$6,386,544 
7,621,497 
9,314,030 
10,124,069 
9.666,579 
12,175.723 
12,596,648 
24.326.689 
36,379,016 
41,580,773 
34.835.636 


90.65 
86.81 
91.93 
91.52 
92.05 
94.47 
78.87 
85.00 
87.02 
92.14 


^alue  of  the  foreign  trade  of  Peru  for  thirteen  years: 


-$1,828,680 

-3,037,444 

-3.716.907 

-4,601,610 

-2.324,676 

-5.034.471 

-6,723.174 

-14.800,459 

-17.550,132 

-19.569,190 

-8.685.736 


19a5 
1906 
1907 
190S 
1909 
1910 
1911 


Imports 


$21,178,407 
24,3.51.014 
26.82.5,994 
25,816,191 
20,891.329 
24,206,188 
26,429,875 


Exports 


^°te:  (a)  EsUmated. 


$27,980,724 
27,681,973 
27,918,488 
26.627,655 
31,554,379 
34,380,009 
36.014.896 


Total 


$49,159,131 
52.032,987 
54.744.482 
52,443.846 
52,445,708 
58,586.197 
62.471.771 


1912 
1913 
1914 
1915 
1916 
1917 
(a)  1918 


Imports 


$24,982,047 
29,591.451 
23.463.740 
15,044.347 
42,200.010 
65,623,856 
02,000,000 


Exports 


$45,871,503 
44.409,610 
42,611,459 
68,638.128 
80.389.561 
90,606.997 
92.000,000 


Total 


$70,853,550 

74,001,061 

66,075.199 

83,682.475 

122,589,571 

156,230  853 

154,000.000 


194 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Value  of  imports  from  principal  countries  of  origin  for  six  years: 


1912 


1913 


1914 


1915 


1916 


1917 


United  States . . . 
United  Kingdom . 

Hongkong 

Chile 

Italy 

Australia 

British  India 

France 

Spain 

Japan 

Denmark 

Sweden 

Ecuador 

Netherlands .... 

Cuba 

Brazil 

Germany , 

Belgiiun 

Portugal 

Colombia 

Norway 

Salvador 

Mexico 

Argentina 

Costa  Rica 

Other  countries . . 


Total. 


$5,763,425 

6,648,368 

752,595 

951,136 

1.237,876 

1,164,252 

162,033 

1.547,575 

421,625 

112.650 

450 

* "  96,189 

209 

112,985 

(14,784 

4,521,729 

1,192,284 

117,063 

11,691 


24,713 
45,043 
34,054 
22,283 
27,135 


$24,982,047 


$8,530,525 

7,769,225 

768,954 

1,035,554 

1,236,739 

631,290 

274,303 

1.363.191 

355,495 

62,879 

78 

267 

85,492 

45,951 

158,990 

19,858 

5,132,039 

1,866.915 

86,192 

45,179 


20,747 
17,277 
13,263 
33,014 
38.034 


$29,591,451 


$7,633,716 

6,505,364 

628.271 

435,542 

979.932 

909.150 

270.969 

758.034 

303,979 

60,566 

2,265 

2,292 

r55,913 

112,511 

127,113 

7,862 

3,144.436 

1,334,534 

34,974 

6,417 

1,170 

19,512 


9,404 

21.539 
98,275 


$23,463,740 


$7,232,817 

3,219.974 

884.263 

458,734 

767,061 

60,131 

424,809 

432,864 

219.349 

89,342 

44,388 

20,868 

38.224 

222.006 

73,403 

23,544 

464,986 

147.339 

32,996 

3,165 

24,126 


134,717 
'  25,24  i 


$15,044,347 


$24,866,592 
7,272,042 
1.467.303 
1.452.013 
1,153.023 
1,144,126 
1.132,224 
953,847 
826,778 
415,529 
195.743 
187.584 
176.908 
113.429 
96.452 
77.424 
60.533 
59.396 
52,958 
28.155 
23,987 
13,460 
692 
199 


429,713 


$42,200,010 


$42,732,571 
9.402.477 
2.205,283 
1,736,264 
1.208.716 
1.127,238 
1.701.117 
1.094.905 
1.738.038 
629.346 
27.955 
92.928 
308.581 
59.146 
217.884 
140,585 
20,422 
34,195 
92,991 
13,209 
30,725 
144,298 
90,187 
262,770 
32,868 
479.157 


$65,623,856 


Value  of  imports  by  twenty  major  classifications  for  six  years  (values  in  United  States 
currency) : 


Classifications 


1912 


1913 


1914 


1915 


1916 


Cotton  textiles  and    manufac 
tures 

Wool  and  animal  hair  and 
manufactures 

Linen,  hemp,  jute  and  other 
textile  fibers  and  manufac- 
tures   

Silk,  animal  and  vegetable  and 
manufactures 

Hides,  skins  and  leather  goods . 

Wearing  apparel  and  notions  . 

Furniture 

Metals,  and  manufactures  of  . 

Stones,  earths,  coal,  glass  and 
chinaware 

Woods,  lumber  and  manufac- 
tures  

Paints,  dyes,  and  varnishes, 
bitumen  and  gums 

Live  animals 

Stationery,  paper,  and  card- 
board   

Tools,  ships'  stores,  machines, 
and  vehicles 

Musical  instruments 

Arms,  ammunition  and  explo- 


sives  

Dye  goods  and  miscellaneous 

articles 

Beverages 

Comestibles  and  condiments .  . 
Medicines  and  pharmaceutical 

products 

Articles  not  classified 

Added  for  difference  between 

customs  house  and  true  value 


Total. 


$3,478,943 
1,529,592 

616.291 

376.251 
483.638 
107,396 
222.056 
3.098.609 

1,591,781 

1,272.231 

1,020.988 
90.478 

928,041 

2,185,182 
149.517 

396.634 

1.559.010 

662.145 

4,132,385 

846,412 
234,558 


$24,982,047 


$3,345,424 
1,468,847 

643,392 

281.991 
464.586 
112,645 
278,648 
3,526,571 

2.478.808 

1,833,366 

1,770,459 
59,141 

913,636 

4.486,761 
152,550^ 

m 

652,698 

1,665,351 

646,773 

3,658,049 

1,030.543 
121,300 


$29,591,451 


$2,476,787 
1.144,189 

589,586 

206.812 

402.024 

82.022 

202.696 

3.647.439 

2.098.358 

1.794.263 

1.153.049 
40.056 

702,819 

3.290.880 
94.721 

407.136 

1.037.230 

393.625 

2.879.793 

736,446 
83.800 


$23,463,740 


$1,419,100 
440.053 

678.101 

111.026 

203.444 

53.314 

73.677 

1.683.678 

1.019.394 

1.015.195 

714.016 
16.664 

556.572 

1.771.703 
47.749 

507.884 

769.201 

278.269 

3.024.309 

584.015 
76,972 


$15,044,347 


$5,003,389 
1,165,462 

2.026.289 

326.431 

564.834 

88.991 

166,610 

8.317,661 

3.347,082 

1,911385 

2,195.976 
56.380 

1.306,146 

33,508.942 
149.717 

1,107,799 

1,592.947 

544,631 

6.886.576 

6,886.577 
84.836 


$42,200,110 


1917 


$9,442,027 
2.291.368 

2.726.819 

354,561 
580,036 
131.419 
684.320 
17.931.980 

4.735.088 

2.558.474 

2.268.643 
37,951 

2,519,393 

5,678,327 
284,081 

991,337 

2,568,160 

818.613 

7,470,320 

1.825,975 
103,900 


$65,623,856 


PERU 


195 


Value  of  exports  by  countries  of  destination  for  six  years: 


Countries 


United  States $17,495,276 

United  Kmgdom I5.7;u  f^ca 


Chile. 

Jamaica 

Bolivia 

Australia 

Brazil 

France 

Africa  and  Tacna  (Chile) , 

Argentina 

Norway [[[ 

Ecuador 

Barbados 

Japan 

Italy ;;■' 

Spam 

Colombia [[] 

Panama [[[[ 

Uruguay ' '  * 

Portugal 

Germany [[\] 

Canada 

Belgium .*..*!.".*  i 

Netherlands .'.*.'.'.! 

Other  countries ..,.'.' 


15,734,561 
5,157.534 

558,266 

23.22  i 

2,730.698 

IG6.542 

1.652 

'  i43'.759 


214 

11,849 

14.998 

37,884 

116,989 

114.117 


3,205.496 


$14,741,639 

16,539,110 

5,847,139 

639,596 

141.426 

38.501 

1.566,495 

200.174 

76,20 

'  24l"668 

947 

6.683 

7.557 

95.042 

23,901 

55.754 

43,021 

578 

2,966,884 


$14,807,795 

15,912,116 

6,231,201 

"  420",2i7 


14,953 
742,826 
268.144 
139,740 

356.037 


Total. 


322,369 
13.273 
22,871 


$45,871,503 


1.212,555 
12,743 
20.583 


$44,409,610 


61 

48.790 

11.853 

39,797 

46,069 

15,918 

2,296 

1,598,802 

942,480 

396.866 

104,667 

509.831 


$31,056,775 
17.601,094 
14,061,173 

oil,  184 
275,413 
590,661 
398,431 
790.395 
146 
296,372 
295.694 


47.460 

92,756 

1,539,803 

36.965 

587.088 

73 

32,380 


$42,611,459 


$50,565,066 
14,394,551 
8,596,760 
1,866.029 
1.474,776 
723,161 
629,754 
480,408 
440,170 
361,867 
214,863 
141,578 
127,985 
64,319 
50.296 
39,459 
14,295 
6.096 
548 


$53,180,103 

18.432,765 

11.857,817 

1,031.929 

1.811.580 

466,298 

741,223 

425.065 

566.389 

523,903 

57,003 

342.902 


77,026 

2,265 

9.642 

97,798 

12.301 


24,265 


$68,638,128  l$80.389,56l 


197,581 


763,195 


207,793 
$90,606,997 


(va.ulT„^U^^^t£  :^:^;^'-'"'  "^  '^-^  -^^  "^^  P-^-.^  ^r  five  ^ 


W^  •nd  Animal  Products: 

Alpaca 

Llama !...!.! 

Sheep '.'.'..'. 

Hides ...  

Cattle.  ...'■.■.'!.■; 

Parchment ..."...' 

Cochineal .....'. 

Ta5o°  P'"™®»  («'K^ttes) ''.[[['..[[ 

Mutton '.'.]] 

Butter.        

^  Cou**'*  P'°^"*^*»=' 

RugaJ°refii^: ::::::; I   ^?Sf'??^ 


$1,035,656 

125.140 

700,410 

616,583 

9,797 

45.309 

23,250 


13.617 
5,895 
8.616 


Sugar,  raw 

Rubber 

Straw  hats .' 

Cottonseed 

Cottonseed  oil 

Cottonseed  cake.'. "  .* 

nice 

Coca  leaves. '. 

*-ocaine 

Coffee. ..,,', 

[;^ory  nuts 

fruits,  fresh  .  .' ! 

^^'PPer...  

w»"k."«°  "(dyewood);;  .■■■■' 

Charcoal  

Tocuyo  (a  kind  of  cotion  cloih) 

Rhatany  root ." 


6.775.442 
61.502 
6.357.001 
2.102,542 
190,346 
7,416 
159,582 
289.024 
366,614 
143,078 
77.332 
61.730 
71,417 
43,428 
60.176 
35.239 
26.214 
28.878 
30.695 
15.760 
18.924 


$571,578 

783.874 

769,714 

929,382 

177,594 

47,107 

25,082 

61,440 

10.633 

8,150 

7.183 

6.921.752 

6,708.063 
167,106 

3,964,856 
577,052 
513,648 
15,634 
169.735 
380.178 

1.847.665 

138.130 

169,832 

159,062 

143,894 

72,311 

65.532 

59,107 

34,622 

30.564 

26,341 

12,792 

9.933 


$1,636..372 

90.323 

840,036 

881,283 

119,050 

43.422 

25,267 

34.710 

7,387 

6,073 

4.038 

6,829.369 
12,794.460 
40,546 
2,176,264 
248,647 
366,026 
28,810 
170.804 
305.071 
198,307 
37,538 
99,654 
84,296 
52,065 
63,180 
47,282 
177,530 
6.444 
3.538 
26,585 
14,123 
972 


$1,693,948 

143,958 

1,065,418 

775,772 

231.238 

45.071 

16.324 

16,402 

15,921 

6,371 

5,632 

6,155,564 

26,987,541 

120,902 

2,896.287 
230,626 
454.516 

442.551 
785.011 
146.572 
51..?41 
170.046 
149,158 
41,572 
63,738 
37,684 
206.185 
10.536 
131 
43,419 
40.483 
349 


$478,194 

11.654 

1.840,345 

1,589,535 

184.237 

80,049 

21.231 

10,517 

13,087 

"I'.no 

8.372,628 
18.297.574 
1,039.286 
3.387,113 
214.194 
1.061,837 
189,039 
465.957 
530,274 
125,334 
80,496 
34,214 
126,082 
70,397 
64.574 
100,582 
181,584 
20,130 
2,707 
42,544 
11.921 
52.876 


196 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Exports  of  principal  minerals  and  mineral  products  for  five  years  (values  in  United 
States  currency): 


1912 


1913 


1914 


1915 


1916 


Bars,  refined: 

Copper  and  silver 

Silver 

Lead  and  silver 

Copper 

Copper,  silver  and  gold . . 

Lead 

Mattes: 

Copper  and  silver 

Copper,  silver  and  lead. . , 

Copper,  silver  and  gold . . 

Copper 

Lead 

Ores: 

Lead  and  silver 

Copper  and  silver 

GoldV. 

Copper ■ 

Silver 

Copper,  silver  and  lead . . 

Silver  and  gold 

Copper,  silver,  and  gold . 

Copper  and  lead 

Lead 

Silver  and  copper 

Gold  and  silver 

Zinc 

Sulphide: 

Silver 

Silver,  copper  and  gold. . , 

Silver  and  copper 

Petroleum  and  its  products: 

Benzine 

Crude  Petroleiim , 

Gasolene 

Kerosene 

Nujol 

Guano , 

Wolframite 

Borate  of  lime 

Salt 

Antimony 

Vanadmm , 


$8,878,228 

101,224 

96,121 

20,936 


2,229,014 


75.098 

743,978 

840,527 

461 

100,621 

166,260 

3,936 

17,739 

22,122 

111,940 

138.087 


l,082,a30 

7.839 

27.886 

1,908,084 

1,230,775 

40,746 


751,025 
69,901 
54,710 
37,485 


741,320 


$7,465,723 

118,360 

41.655 


296,668 

142,159 

16,698 

12,218 


1,641,951 

2,108,663 

1,015,908 

262,546 

186,823 

73.060 

62,791 

5.229 

520 

71.918 


340,559 
92,675 
81.157 

2,635.164 

1,612.849 

174.809 

1.030 

'279,583 
93,190 
53,688 
22,759 


$6,061,605 
41.125 
19.007 


533,244 

17.053 

1.594 

29,349 


429.201 

367,853 

388 

136,638 

101,554 

18,502 

29.407 

20.193 

1,632 

66.256 


334.251 

88.048 
24,100 

2.985,590 

1,201,010 

131.910 

311 

81*8.735 
97,676 
36,697 
38,102 


$10,181,704 


5,176,395 


307,550 

'  47,2i4 
74,450 


197,559 

363,299 

3,013 

174.882 

81,453 

9.569 

45,824 

8.432 

68 

6.766 

103,445 

891,333 


359.474 
56.633 
22,069 

2,523.462 

2,174,485 

131,997 

728,266 

173,626 

249,172 

10,837 

40.250 

83.757 

412.414 


$8,806 
26,938'.665 


47,603 


1.268.712 


3,640 
651.900 
114.117 


288,479 


3.402 


353.161 


3,941,207 

1,770,745 

785,055 

204,358 

36.600 

1,071,435 
67,991 

'88',463 
1.121,692 


Production  and  Industry 

The  principal  agricultural  products  of  Peru  are  sugar,  cotton,  rice,  tobacco,  coffee. 
The  sugar  plantations  are  located  principally  in  the  irrigated  country  west  of  the  mountains, 
although  there  are  some  on  the  eastern  slope.  British  and  German  investments  in  this 
industry  have  been  large.  Production  costs  are  low,  estimates  placing  it  at  less  than  $25 
per  metric  ton  where  modern  equipment  is  in  use,  and  $30  per  metric  ton  where  obsolete 
methods  are  employed.  The  average  daily  wage  of  laborers  in  this  industry  in  1913  was 
1.25  soles  ($0.60  United  States  currency).  In  1911  there  were  16,977  persons  employed 
in  the  industry;  in  1912,  19,945;  1913,  20,942;  in  1914,  21,881;  in  1915,  24,433. 

The  production  of  cane  per  acre  is  ahnost  double  that  of  Cuba;  labor  is  less  expensive, 
warehousing  and  storage  ordinarily  unnecessary  since  the  coastal  lands  have  practically 
no  rainfall.  About  five-sixths  of  the  sugar  crop  is  exported,  Great  Britain,  the  United 
States  and  Chile  being  the  largest  takers.  Trujillo  is  the  center  of  the  sugar  industry, 
and  what  little  refining  is  carried  on  in  the  republic  takes  place  there.  The  following  table 
shows  the  area  under  cultivation  to  cane,  the  production  of  sugar  and  chancaca  (molasses), 
and  the  production  of  alcohol  and  rum  during  recent  years: 


PERU 


197 


Area  under  cultivation  to  cane,  the  production  of  sugar  and  chancaca  (molasses) 
and  the  production  of  alcohol  and  rum  during  recent  years: 


Years 


Area 

under 

Cultivation 


Acres 


Production  of 
Sugar  and 
Chancaca 


Short  Tons 


1911 
1912 
1913 
1914 
1915 
1916 


Production  of 

Alcohol  and 

Rum 


Gall 


ons 


86,879 

91,747 

97.745 

100.641 

105,770 

100.650 


196,386 
212,029 
202,394 
250,860 
289,124 
303,600 


2.050,965 
2.405.406 
2,346,772 
2,869,165 
2,673,666 


Cotton,  second  m  importance  to  sugar,  U  grown  in  the  northern  coastal  vaUeys  in 

X'(^ZZ't,Z  y^'^lJ^'^^  "-^  "°de'  ""Itivation  being  estimated  at 
i^  ;^9.9  r  19'5  exports  of  cotton  amounted  to  46,571,797  pounds,  valued  at 

$6,165,252,  exports  of  cotton  seed  and  cottonseed  cake  chiefly  to  Chile  and  Great  Britain 

o"J  isS  TheTr'^.'"  ''f  k"\''T  '""''  ^oti-^'y.  with  an  aggregate  value 
of  $898,269  The  local  cotton  miUs  absorb  a  large  part  of  the  crop;  over  $2,500,000  having 
been  mvested  m  the  mUls,  which,  m  1915,  consumed  approximately  6,500,m  pound! 
of  raw  cotton.  '        y^^uv^a 

Rice,  Uke  sugar  is  an  irrigation  crop  grown  principaUy  in  the  provinces  of  Lambayequ 
and  U  Libertad.  There  "«  about60,000  acres  under  cultivation  in  rice;  the  total  annual 
production  vanes  between  70,000,000  and  100,000,000  pounds,  and  the  average  yield  per 

ml"  S,^0°kts  ^  '^"  """  *^'"^-^'^  '^'°'='"  '''^'  35.979,121  kiloslTn 

in  *..^?*  ''■*  '"**  "'T  ''"*  *"  "1^^^''  consumed  locaUy.    Coffee  is  grown  in  central  Peru 
m  the  Chanchamayo,  Perene  and  Pancartambo  regions,  colonized  by  the  Peruvian  Cor' 

r/so'^  '"  ^  f/^""~  f  *"«*•  The  Peruvian  Corporation  has  a  concession  of  some 
2  750,000  acres  1^  than  half  bemg  occupied.  Tobacco  is  raised  in  the  northern  provinces 
of  Tumbez  and  Huancabamba,  but  the  manufacture,  import  and  export  of  tobacco  is  a 
monopoly  held  by  the  government  corporation,  the  Compania  Recaudadora  de  ImpuesL 
Estanca  del  Tabaco  (Nat  onal  Tax  CoUecting  Company)  of  Lima.  Beans,  corn  oU^i 
XS^  "^  ''  cultivated,  the  largest  vineyards  being  at  lea,  Moquza,  Lima  and 

in  t  Jr  ""'"^Jf""  "f^"*'  ('^™  «*'«•'  cocaine  is  manufactur.5d,  is  carried  on  principally 
n  the  Cuzco  Valley.    The  raising  of  livestock  fa  an  important  industry,  and  hides  Ser 

irnt'p   """       '     :  ""'"  f  '''^  *"'^  "^'"^  ^^<'"'P^-    «--'  oncel    mo 
mportant  Peruvian  export,  is  no  longer  a  source  of  material  revenue.     The  Peruvian 

Corporation  was  allotted  2,000,000  tons  of  guano  to  be  shipped  during  a  period  of  T^ 

and  up  to  1915  had  shipped  1,237,128  tons.    Recent  governmental  dLls  rStic  J  th^ 

of  Pe^f  k"'  ^  *^t  °^y  '°'P°5'*''t  commercial  product  of  the  eastern  montana  region 
in  .     n  .     ^  8»t'»ered  near  the  numerous  aflJuents  of  the  upper  Amazon  River  shiooed 


108 


EXPORTERS  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


The  principal  mineral  product  of  Peru  is  copper,  which  is  produced  by  three  mines  only 
the  Cerro  de  Pasco  Copper  Co.,  the  Backus  and  Johnston  mine,  and  the  Morococha  mine 
controlled  by  the  Cerro  de  Pasco  Co.    The  copper  reserve  of  the  Cerro  de  Pasco  is  estimated 
at  253,452  pounds.    Gold  and  silver  are  likewise  mined,  and  coal  is  mined  in  large  quantities 
at  Goyllarisquisga.  ' 

Borax  exists  in  large  quantities  near  Arequipa  and  is  being  developed  by  a  British 
company,  Borax  Consolidated,  Ltd.  The  foUowing  table  gives  the  estimated  values  of 
Peruvian  mineral  production  in  1915  and  1916: 


Minerala 


1915 


1916 


Gold 

Silver 

££r' 

±^StMU  ■••••••. 

Mercury 

Zinc 

Vanadium . . . 
Molybdenum 
Tungsten 


Minerals 


1915 


Sl.114,540 

4.526.765 

11.909.673 

129,483 

1,946 

973 

1.483.683 

344.889 

6.983 


1916 


Sl,206,298 

6,483,398 

23,359.200 

151.825 

6.137 

1,747 

1.352,497 

1,059,840 

14,113 


Antimony .... 

Borates 

Salt 

Mineral  waters 

Coal 

Petroleum .... 

Total 


$43,161 

19,855 

87,646 

5,957 

1.016,563 

8.210,470 


$28,857,587 


$134,038 

67.741 

88,804 

12.371 

772.260 

7.418,804 


$42,129,073 


Extensive  deposits  of  petroleum  exist  in  the  northern  coastal  lands  of  Peru,  and  par- 
ticularly  in  the  Province  of  Paita,  are  being  exploited.  The  chief  fields  are,  in  the  Pacific 
region,  the  Zorritos,  Lobitos  and  Negritos,  and  in  the  Andes,  the  Titicaca  field.  The 
following  table  gives  the  statistics  of  production  of  petroleum  over  a  period  of  years: 


Year* 

Zorritos 
Barrels 

Lobitos 
Barrels 

Negritos 
Barrels 

Titicaca 
Barrels 

Lagunitos 
Barrels 

ToUl 
Barrels 

1896 

1897 

47,636 
68,452 
68,571 
89.166 

102.976 
74,647 
59,273 
49,047 
49,547 
37.720 
42,419 
65,476 
71,429 
70,750 

107,000 
64.286 
78,095 
83,343 
88,136 
72,736 

*2',379" 

97.292 

145,938 

217,036 

239,488 

205,810 

269,424 

295.617 

335,160 

330,510 

396.750 

543,750 

740,070 

773,025 

882.698 

1.071,000 

1.036,490 

1,032,210 

1,355.925 

47,536 

1898 

70,831 

1899 

165,863 

1900 

235.104 

1901 

320,012 

1902 

314.135 

1903 

265,023 

1904 

318,471 

345,834 

447,880 

536.294 

756.226 

1,011,180 

1.316.118 

1,330,105 

1,368,274 

1905 

1906 

1907 

1908 

1909 

1910 

1911 

1912 

♦75.000 
162,000 
279.000 
319,898 
429.195 
400.080 
391.290 
587.048 
557.355 
504.743 
664,972 

i'.365" 

15.000 

1913 

1914 

1915 

■34*6"673 ' 

282.713 

392,618 

1,751,143 
2.133,261 
1,917,802 
2,487,251 

Note:  *Estimated. 

The  prmcipal  manufacturing  industries  of  the  country  comprise  seven  cotton  mills, 
of  which  five  are  m  Lima,  five  woolen  mills,  twelve  flour  mills,  fifteen  cottonseed  oil  mills, 
thui;y  cocaine  factories,  one  paper  factory,  and  numerous  sugar  mills,  chocolate,  lard, 
cement,  straw  mat  and  Panama  hat  factories  and  breweries. 
Money,  Weights  and  Measures: 

Peruvian  coinage  is  based  upon  the  gold  standard,  and  has  as  its  unit  the  Ubra  or 
pound,  divided  into  10  soles  of  100  centavos  each.  The  Peruvian  pound  (designated' by 
Lp.  or  £P.)  has  the  same  value  as  the  British  pound;  in  United  States  currency,  $4.8665. 
Bntish  gold  is  legal  tender  in  Peru.  During  the  war  an  issue  of  $12,000,000  (Lp  2  500  000) 
m  bank  notes  was  issued  by  various  banks,  their  issue  to  be  redeemed  in  gold  six  months 


PERU 


199 


after  the  signing  of  peace.    In  August,  1917,  the  government  anthnrJ.n^  fk        • 
the  United  States  of  nickel  coins  to  the  nominkl  value^f^^  L  .nH  ^      '  '°T^'  "^ 
notes,  guaranteed  by  gold,  in  the  denomination  of  1  soKs^^rfi  t  T'  '^  ^^^' 
to  the  value  of  Lp.  500,000.    The  rise  in  the  nriop  nf  I         t       ^  ^^^  currency) 

to  be  worth  more'as  bullion  than  TcdJ^eTud   I  Z  thirll''^  ^"""^Tr'^ 
circulation.  ^  therefore  disappeared  from 

The  metric  system  hds  been  legally  established  since  1869     Such  olr?  <5r.or.ic.K 
as  foUow  are  still  employed  in  some  districts:  ^^^'^^  '"^^^ 


Vara 

Arroba 

Libra 

Quintal 

Tongo 

Fanegado... 


. .  32.91      inches 
•25.36      pounds  (6.7  gallons) 

1.014    pounds 
.101.44      pounds 
.  145 .  2265  square  yards 
.     5 .  142    acres 


Railways: 

with  an  extension  to  Huan^  ^^muL  s^th  T^t  '*,'""°  ^'t'  *"  ^^'^ 
seven  tunneb  and  reaches  an  a  titude  of  Ts^Xt  O^er  rT  "  ^,^^<^  «'y- 
Pa«  Railway;  TrujiUo  RaUway;  line  from  Payte  to  ^Z  p^'''*^  ""  "^f  ^^^'-^ 
Railway;  Chimbote  RaUway;  and  Pisa  to^ca  i^wfy  '  ^""^"^^^  ""<!  G^^A^^ 

^^^'^':^ZfZc^C^^:^^t^Z^  -'  ^-  -«•  •»-  -rvice  on  the 

towns.    The  yearly  revenue  of  company  (l^rw^  ,i  913'^'°  "^"^  ^""^  "'*  »*''« 
Post  Offices  and  Telegraphs:  '      ' 

In  1913  there  were  801  post  oflJces.     The  Postal  TTnion  ^of^ 
States  Parcel  Post  system  is  extended  to  Pe^u     The^^^^^^  Sft  T  '"^  T'^^  '^'  ^^*^ 
11,000  miles  of  telephone  wire     Comrn^r.^i     •    i  ^^  telegraph  offices  and  about 

vian  and  Brazilian  sLrionTTX^wrB^^^  "  "r*^^  ^^^^^^  P«- 

three  provisional  in  addition.    '''^  "^^"^^  ^^-    There  are  eight  wireless  stations  with 

Consular  Representatives: 

at.  Louis,  Buffalo.  New  York  Cit^   rurr  i     ^    nV  i  \  ^"eans,  Baltunore,  Boston. 

ctr:^/^'  ^-"-;  ---^Si^-a^"^^^^  ^-- 

'Pec£durrt^emo:[S^.,Srhrro'°"™f/1^^^  -'"''  -  -"i-'  ^ 
pay  ad  valorem  duties.    Tbere^T^iZ^f    T         '^^-    ^  ^e-T  few  classes  of  goods 

articles  subject  to  duties^i::iVrne?wS  '""'"^ '"  '"'"'="°"  °°  ^^ 

Consular  Regulations: 


200 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


f. 


1 
I 

r 


for  each  extra  copy.  Bills  of  lading  must  be  certified,  for  which  there  is  no  charge.  Packages 
may  be  marked  with  either  stencil  or  brush,  but  the  gross  weight  in  kilos  must  be  marked 
on  every  package,  and  must  correspond  with  those  stated  in  the  bill  of  lading  and  consular 
invoice. 

Language:  Spanish. 

Local  Advertising  Media: 

In  Lima  there  are  three  important  daihes  and  one  general  weekly  as  well  as  an  English 
weekly.     There  are  several  dailies  in  Arequipa  and  three  in  Puebla. 

Shipping  Routes: 
Grace  Line. 
West  Coast  Line. 
New  York  and  South  America  Line. 

United  Fruit  Company   to  Panama  \Thence  by  Pacific  Steam  Navigation 

Panama  Railroad  Steamship  Line  to  Panama /Company  or  Peruvian  S.  S.  Co. 

Cable  Rates:  Fifty  cents  a  word  from  New  York  or  New  England  states. 
Postal  Rate:  Postal  Union  Rate. 

Mail  Time :  Callao  via  Panama,  seventeen  days.     Mollendo,  via  Panama,  twenty-four  days. 
Parcel  Post: 

Service  extends  to  Peru.    Limit  of  weight;  22  pounds.    Rate  12  cents  per  pound  or 
fraction  thereof.    Prohibitions:  Gold,  silver  and  other  precious  articles;  arms  and  munitions. 
Money  Orders:  Issued. 
International  Reply  Coupons:  Not  issued. 


URUGUAY 


A        ,     .  URUGUAY 

^- to  that  .  .e  eo...e.  sUt.  o,  ^^r^t^l'^^,  SSLTS^ 

modernity  of  its  atmosphere.  ^  ^'^  "*'  ^'°  <J«  ^"^^^^  in  the  Iu4y  and 

f  ">- iSn;^r„r  iz%%'^°'  -r "t  *"« — ^^^  ^^  -r. 

from  September  21  to  Decern^  21  rn-T    '^J"""  ^"^^  ^1  to  September  21,  spZ 
from  March  21  to  JunelT  '  ^^'  '"""  ^<*""^'  ^1  to  March  21,  and  i^tZl 

^P^  are  wheat  and'lrn,!^,?^^"^^  ''*"'"'•  ."^^  P"°-pal  agricultural 
C'gars  and  cigarettes  are  manxZtu^T^'  '^^  ""  increasing  in  importance 
r;eonsumed  within  the  count^^The^„,t  iZ'rt  T°''  7^  *'"''  '"^"^  ™-^e  wi:S 
™«i  to  meat  freezing  estabhshment*  LTnfh  '^  *  manufacturing  industries  are  con- 
»''^,  dairies  and  c4meri^  t:;^"  ^ao'shr*  Tt""'  "''""'•  «""'  """J  -'-'^-^^ 
vd^T  ^"*''<"°<»tPart  hemlStSinnr;  "'^r-  ''™'^'  «'"««'  «"<»  other 
^d«.  but  in  spite  of  the  development  on^sh^K  "''/'*  ''^'^  ^  ^^^  ""y  "f  Monte- 
P««  nearly  aU  of  the  manufactuTg:^''^^^  ^  l^"''^'''^^y  "o-tinues  to  im- 
,,     Of  the  total  imn^rfo  ^f  tt  .  required  m  the  country. 

y<^  states  ::!<^r2CrLSllt?  *"  '"'''^  ^'^'^  -PP'-^  ^^  per  cent.    The 
"^y  »  1918  «nou„terr«^^t^^j,T^,-   ^"0  '^''^'''^  foreign  tradeof  ^. 

^,  mjpons  to  526.81;  exports  to  176.09. 


202 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Area  and  Population 
Population  of  the  republic  by  departmenta,  aa  of  December  31,  1915: 


Department 


Population 


Area 

Kilometers 


Density 

Inhabitants 

per  Milometer 


Montevideo 

Artigas. 

Cauelones. 

Cerro  Largo. 

Colonia.. 

Durasno. 

Florea . . . 

Florida.  . 

Maldonada. 

Minas. 

Paysandti. 

Rio  Negro. 

Rivera. 

Rocha. 

Salto.. 

San  Jos6. 

Soiiano. 

Tacuaremb6. 

Trrintary  Tres. 


■  •••••' 


Total  for  republic 


368.620 
36.743 

109.648 
55.084 
77.669 
52,804 
22fi79 
58,538 
38.059 
64,392 
63.343 
34.986 
44.030 
44,344 
68,922 
58,257 
52.743 
57,686 
38,214 


1.346.161 


664 
11.378 

4.752 
14.929 

5.682 
14.315 

4,519 
12.107 

4.111 
12.485 
13,252 

8,471 

9,829 
11,089 
12.603 

6.963 

9.223 
21,015 

9.539 


186.926 


355.15 
3.23 
23.07 
3.60 
13.67 
3.69 
4.89 
4.89 
9.26 
5.15 
4.78 
4.13 
4.48 
4.00 
6.47 
8.37 
5.72 
2.74 
4.01 


7.20 


The  population  of  Montevideo  City  on  January  31,  1918,  was  378,993.    Of  the  other 
cities,  Paysandii  had  24,000  inhabitants;  Salto,  24,000;  Mercedes,  16,000. 

Commerce 

The  value  of  the  total  foreign  trade  of  Uruguay  in  1918  was  estimated  at  $142,000,000. 
Of  this  total,  imports  were  estimated  at  $37,000,000  and  exports  at  $105,000,000. 

Value  of  total  foreign  trade  of  the  United  States  with  Uruguay  for  elevenyeara: 


Year 

Ended 

June 

30 

Exports 

Imports 

Per 

Cent. 

Free 

Excess  of 
Exports  (♦) 

Domestic 

Foreign 

Total 

Free 

Dutiable 

Total 

or 
Imports  (-) 

1909. . . . 
1910.... 
1911.... 
1912. . . . 
1913.... 
1914. . . . 
1915.... 
1916.... 
1917.... 
1918. . . . 

1Q10 

$3,281,151 

4.227.566 

5.262.367 

6.844.440 

7.514.009 

5.636.176 

5.065.094 

10.233.753 

14.242.896 

18,019,277 

$79,162 

44.579 

55.344 

35.885 

8.136 

5.090 

106.229 

53.631 

54.217 

45.603 

$3,360,313 

4.272.145 

5.317.711 

6.880.325 

7,522.145 

5.641.266 

5.171.323 

10.287.384 

14.297.113 

18.064.880 

27.775.692 

$384,804 

4.635.323 

1.280.275 

2.402.484 

1.705.257 

7.672.179 

10.380,957 

14.401.501 

30.332.256 

23.465.592 

$3,342,073 

2,778.573 

833.461 

829.192 

745.440 

42,965 

111.692 

73.977 

74.276 

65.090 

$3,726,877 

7.413.896 

1,613.736 

3.231,676 

2,450.697 

7,715.144 

10.492.649 

14.475,478 

30.406,532 

23.530.682 

47.323.263 

10.33 
62.52 
79.34 
74.34 
69.58 
99.44 
98.94 
99.49 
99.76 
99.72 

-$366,564 
-3.141.751 
♦3.703.97.5 
♦3.648,649 
♦5,701.448 
-2.073.878 
-5.321.326 
-4.188,094 

-16.109.419 
-5.465.802 

-19.547.571 



Value  of  Uruguay's  foreign  trade  during  11  years  (values  in  United  States  currency): 


Year 


Impokts 


Exports 


Total 


1908 

1909 

1910 

1911 

1912 

1913 

1914 

1915 

1916 

1917 

1918  (est.) 


$38,954,407 
38,421.870 
42,446.727 
46,590,102 
51,355.200 
52.367.017 
38.734,272 
36,378,824 
35.155.111 
38.700.720 
37,000,000 


$41,955,077 
46.913.558 
42,573.063 
44.199.864 
50.752.773 
71.235,964 
54.515,554 
76.222.297 
71.074.273 
96.216.924 

105,000,000 


$80,909,484 

85.335.428 

85.019.790 

90.798.966 

102.107,973 

153.602.981 

93.249,826 

112.601.12 

106.229.384 

134.817.644 

142.000.000 


URUGUA Y 


203 


Value  of  imports  for  three  years  by  countri^  of  origin: 


United  States... 

Argentina , 

BrasiJ 

United  Kingdom. 

Spain 

France 

*  •••y •■••• 

Me»co 

Cuba 

Paraguay 

Germany 

Netherlands 

Sweden 

fortu«aI 

Switierland 

Belgium.  . 

CWe 

Norway 

Austria-Hungary 

Al"*'»l»a .'." 

vtner  countries. 


Total 


$7,561,835 
7.668,797 
5,059,267 
7,125,158 
2,367,931 
1,700,549 
2,636,868 
41.475 
237327 
76,176 
779,350 
382,303 
275,310 
45,843 
49,674 
201,829 
68.506 
17,684 
30,907 
35,032 
16,533 


S8.810,669 
7,383,505 
4,123,880 
7,046,889 
2,443,772 
1.752,682 
2,053,778 
486,073 
163.632 
100.751 
193,306 
306,880 
21.823 
33.170 
26.903 
72.100 
34,856 
15,342 
2,052 


$11,009,259 
8,421,124 
6.677.020 
6.054,393 
2.653,097 
1,429.274 
1,022.547 
767,615 
210,738 
135.956 
106,733 
86,010 
37.836 
36.757 
32.206 
8.479 
6.622 
3.706 
925 


83.336 


Wote:  ©  Japan  only. 


Live  animals . 

Groceries,  etc 

Food  products   

Beverages. .      

Cigars  and  tobaciji 

AH  other. . .    ^^ 

Dry  goods  and  notioW.*. 

i-lr'Ic'If  ;;15S--  "<»'  .i^pi'ito.^: : : : :  : 

Musical  instrumentii 

ShJ^^^^'^^^'lupholsteW 

Shoes  and  leather  «oo^  nViA;  Li 

Bu'ld-ng  materillsf^'  '*"°''  ^^ 

Drugs  and  chemicals    

fer;;"*'*'  -PecialUes  and  'dr^ti' .\i„drie. 

Rawt'atei^rfe  ^"^l^^'  "ton^/etc'.  W 

"latenal  and  machinery  for  the  ind^i^^]  [ 


7,898.219 
1.143,035 
447,200 
3,169.778 
4.291,924 
4.616,701 
239,936 
73,530 
10,5,392 
303,399 
1.267.698 
364,521 
157,389 
109,175 
^  101.213 
6.869.679 


$1,794,274 
13,293,207 


5,482,500 
4,729.588 
355.144 
91.644 
112,209 
277,617 
1.690^723 
333.425 
188,648 
117,881 
107,787 
8.117.378 


$2,803,627 
10,670,632 


6,234,901 
6,451,918 
509,153 
99.473 
138.254 
302,870 
1.507.319 
258,957 
194.741 
118,001 
142,610 
10,268.255 


^''1if.'"**."»«;*t  industry: 


-    -  ammaig . . 
Meat  and  extract. 

Sr'sr'"^**"o^...::::::::::: 
Hides  and.idW.:::::::::::::;: 

gjhg^products.:::::- 


^fy  products 


11.334.892 

16.216,331 

^2.537.474 

32.029.877 

13.205.189 

303.976 

220.522 

344.938 

245.503 


Si. 673.823 

14.889,400 

^1.718.145 

20.867.092 

9.800.252 

237.986 

311,482 

6.139 

431,510 


«1.132,428 

31,547.278 

1.602.094 

20.892,745 

17,329,644 

306,693 

106,021 

11.693 

428.359 


t2.403.367 
27.629.636 

945.201 
19,345,325 
17.034,415 

302,960 

164.773 
10.943 

281.434 


$2,518,095 

34.142,850 

3.359,573 

35,385,336 

18,034,864 

266.181 

185,919 

9.784 

96,268 


(Continued  with  totals  on  page  204.) 


\ 


204 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Table  Cordinued: 


Articles 


1913 


1914 


1915 


1916 


1917 


Acricultaral  products: 

Flours  and  pastes .... 

Grains  and  seeds 

Fruits  and  vegetables . 

Hay  and  fodder 

Other  products 

Mine  products: 

Metals 

Stones 

Earths 

Hunting  and  fishing 

Ships'  supplies 

Miscellaneous 


Total. 


524.190 

2,127.047 

79.572 

34,216 

92.652 

31.714 
2.229,545 


424.759 

204.063 

49.296 


$71,235,964 


12.499 

1.271.311 

57.248 

62.626 

1.550 


2.113.081 
513.514 
163,523 
282.145 
103.217 


$54,515,554 


1.326 

723.398 

18.982 

37.769 

1.816 

4.160 
565,817 
588.400 
90.669 
249,876 
583.120 


$76,222,297 


554.659 

785.036 

22.573 

13.273 

963 

2.111 
162.601 
356.300 
105.944 
294.273 
608.156 


$71,074,273 


54,552 
34.019 
74.483 
23,381 
108 


139.441 
215,800 
140,202 
148.094 
1.387.966 


$96,216,924 


Value  of  exports  for  four  years  by  coud tries  of  destination: 


1913 


1915 


1916 


1917 


United  States 

United  Kingdom . 

France 

Italy 

Argentina 

Spain 

Brasil 

Cuba 

Chile 

Portugal 

Norway 

Netherlands 

Denmark 

Sweden 

Germany , 

Austria-Hungary . 

Belgium 

Russia 

Other  countries .  . 


$2,880,071 
7,979,000 

12,380,753 
2,970,517 

10,802.853 

842,761 

4.768,826 

2.577.239 

313,819 

1.477.391 


13,887.701 

1,211,721 

8.551,175 

222,284 

165,790 


$12,216,595 

13.735,187 

18.394.688 

15.540.723 

9.299,003 

2,571.613 

1.096.094 

907.563 

100.510 

311.801 

22.110 

587.086 

587.110 

555.298 


$16,493,601 

13.827.770 

12.677.241 

10.601.053 

10.623.806 

3.049.175 

1.370.204 

698.588 

22,291 

289.791 


135.582 


943,990 


$26,218,746 

19.358.161 

16.180.680 

14,733.877 

12.376.146 

4.686.135 

1.299.622 

851,749 

235.061 

33.573 

31.410 

22,360 


17.138 


46.909 


41,310 


Production  and  Industry 
Uruguay,  which  is  primarily  a  pastoral  country,  has  become  important  as  a  producer 
of  sheep  and  cattle.    The  following  table  indicates  the  growth  of  the  livestock  industry: 


Livestock 


1890 


1900 


1908 


1917 


Cattle. 
Sheep. 
Horses 
Mules. 
Hogs.. 
Goats. 


3,632,203 

1,989,929 

518,218 

8,301 

5,381 

5,437 


6.827,428 

18,608.717 

561,408 

22,992 

93,929 

20,425 


8.192.608 

26,286,296 

556,307 

17.671 

180.099 

19,951 


7,942.212 
28,000,000 


500,000 


In  1916  there  were  in  Uruguay  thirteen  meat-salting  plants,  seven  meat-preserving 
factories,  and  two  freezing  plants.  Nearly  all  the  exports  of  Uruguay  consist  of  live  stock, 
meat,  hides  and  other  animal  products.  The  exports  of  live  stock  are  not  great;  in  1916 
they  consisted  of  23,683  cattle,  15,590  sheep,  4,536  horses  and  1,142  other  animals. 

The  total  exports  of  animal  products  in  1916  were  valued  at  $73,367,695  United  States 
currency,  compared  with  $72,993,747  in  1915  and  $56,587,379  in  1914. 


URUGUAY 


205 


nf  whr.h  ™  7^  '       ^r  ^°^  '*°'^''  "^  ^™^y'  comprising  42,302,021  acres 

of.which  W  780  acres  are  used  for  pastoral  purposes,  1,986,684  acres  were  (mder  cultiva- 
lon  and  1,065,557  acres  were  forest  land.  A  total  of  109,449  persons  were  then  engaged 
m  the  agncultural  and  hve  stock  industries.  The  government  is  making  every  effort  to 
stmiulate  a«nculture,  smce  the  product  of  that  industry  is  insufficient  to  meet  the  req^ 
ments  of  the  people.  *c^uu^ 

».  wLt,!?1'"',i?«  *'  '""°'^''.  °'  '*"^  ****"'  ""'^  ^'^  slaughtered  from  January  1 


1914 


1915 


1916 


1917 


Cattle 
Sheep, 
Hogs. 


489.917 

206.292 

18.589 


1918 


591.663 

224.055 

17.235 


575,717 

187.159 

20.575 


769.642 

167,377 

32,171 


752,091 

157.704 

35.358 


for  iTt^T  "  *°°'  ""^  """ '°  '""^  °'  ""*  **''  •"^"'•"^  agricultural  crope,  of  Uruguay 


1914 


1915 


Wheat: 

il!5-  •  V- Acres 

Production Tnnu 


1916 


1917 


Linseed 
Area 


.Acres 


M,i,e7*^''*^**°° .■.'.'.*.'.*.:  .'.'.Tons 


.Acres 


Area 

Ostsf^"''*'*'" .'.' '**.*!.'.*.'.*.■.'.' ...Tom 

^^^|^uction::::::::::::::::::::::^S? 
pJSuction:::::::;::::::::::::::^^ 


911.049 
176.249 

128,175 
26.896 

692.177 
199.564 

97.394 
29.538 

14.041 
3.942 


Note:  ©  Not  available. 


773.869 
107.640 

101.079 
16.431 

786.697 
318.018 

81.878 
14.899 

5.219 
947 


949.196 
295.397 

44.121 
10,913 

696.525 
128.636 

105.019 
25.451 

9.692 
2.763 


779.406 
161,363 

35.876 
3,405 

626.974 
190.419 

141.491 
30,754 

12.683 
2.641 


975.524 
390.987 

36.370 
9,313 

® 
® 

165,151 
59,020 

5.821 
2.575 


\inJ^^  Tu       ^  ^  ^''''  ^*"^  ^°  *^^  ^"^*^  is  said  to  be  745.    Other  crops  raised  are 
K^n,^^?^  sugar  cane.    Ther^  were,  in  1913,  2,266  vineyards  and  112^^el  Jte 

^irfn^Tn'  T^'"^  ^'^,''  '^'  ^^P^^"^  ^^^*^^  coxiiderable  minerarwT^^ 

eLrte  oTfhVl    Kr^       T^  ^***^  development  has  been  carried  on,  and  the  minera 
exports  of  the  repubhc  are  chiefly  stone  and  sand.  "^^erai 

flourYn-?'^*^*'^^?  ^f '  ^  ^^*'  ^"™^  ^^"^«  importance  in  Uruguay.    There  are  115 

out  of  a  ti)?aUf  Tf  J  ^"^J  ^""^  ^'^^  ^^^  ^^*^"''-    ^^"^  ^^^^  ^^  19^8  indicated  that 
Railways?  '^nufacturmg  establishments,  4,600  were  located  in  Montevideo. 

an  e^S  st'i^tXa;'tv.f "  ''  'fZ'^  "  ^^"*""  ^  ^^"«"^^-    ^^^^-^^  ^^ 
waysof  Mlnte^Po^R  f-V^^^  ^^  *^^  companies,  the  United  Electric  Tram- 

cidad  of  Buen^rv    ^y      «^ed),  and  the  Compania  Alemana  Transatlantic  a  de  Electri- 

owned.    The  pnncipal  port  of  Uruguay  is  Montevideo,  where  excellent  docking 


41 


206 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


and  harbor  works  have  been  provided  at  an  approximate  coat  of  140,000,000  United 
States  currency. 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures: 

The  monetary  standard  of  Uruguay  is  gold,  but  there  are  no  Uruguayan  gold  coins  in 
circulation.  The  theoretical  unit  is  the  peso  nacional  of  one  hundred  centesimos,  weighing 
1.697  grammes,  and  having  a  value  of  $1.03  United  States  currency.  The  silver  peso,  or 
dollar,  and  the  subsidiary  coinage  of  one  half,  one-fifth  and  one-tenth  peso  and  the  nickel 
6,  2  and  1  centesimo  pieces  form  the  chief  currency. 

The  metric  system  of  weights  and  measures  is  ofScially  standard.  The  old  system  is 
still  in  limited  use.  This  system  comprises  the  quintal,  equivalent  to  101.40  pounds 
avoirdupois,  the  arroba,  equivalent  to  25.35  pounds  avoirdupois,  the  fanega,  equivalent 
to  30  gallons,  the  lineal  league,  equivalent  to  5,640  yards,  the  cuadra,  equal  to  1.8  acres, 
the  square  league,  equivalent  to  10  2-5  square  miles. 

Diplomatic  and  Consular  Representatives: 

The  United  States  has  a  minister,  consul  and  two  vice-consuls  at  Montevideo. 

Uruguay  has  a  minister  at  Washington,  consul  general  in  New  York,  consuls  in  San 
Francisco,  Jacksonville,  Savannah,  Chicago,  Portland  (Me.),  Baltimore,  Boston,  Phila- 
delphia, San  Juan  and  Ponce  (P..R.),  and  Frederikstadt  (V.  I.),  vice-consuls  in  Los  Angeles, 
Brunswick,  New  Orleans,  Pascagoula,  Kansas  City,  Albany,  Galveston,  Port  Arthur 
(Texas),  Newport  News,  Norfolk,  Richmond  and  Seattle,  and  a  commercial  agent  at 
Pensacola. 

Customs  Tariff: 

The  customs  tariff  of  Uruguay  provides  established  valuations  of  over  4,000  enumer- 
ated articles,  on  some  of  which  duty  is  assessed  at  fixed  per  cent,  of  the  fixed  value,  while 
some  are  subject  to  a  specific  duty  based  in  most  cases  upon  weight. 

Samples  are  admitted  free  imder  bond.  Those  without  commercial  value  are  admitted 
without  bond.  Deductions  of  from  10  to  15  per  cent,  are  made  upon  exported  samples 
upon  which  import  duties  have  been  paid. 

Contolar  Regulations: 

Packages  must  be  stamped  in  indelible  ink  and  mould  letters.  BiUs  of  lading  must  be 
certified  by  consul  (charge  $1.25).  Certificates  of  origin  must  be  filled  out  and  certified 
(charge,  $0.63,  unless  by  parcel  post,  when  it  is  $0.25). 

Language:  Spanish. 
Local  Advertising  Media: 

The  principal  advertising  media  are  four  daily  newspapers.  The  magazine  field  is 
covered  by  publications  issued  in  Buenos  Aires.  Among  trade  journals  those  devoted  to 
agriculture  and  stock  raising  are  important. 

Shipping  Routes: 

Lamport  and  Holt  Line. 

Norton  Line. 

Barber  Line. 

Houston  Line. 

American  and  Rio  Plata  Line. 

Oriental  Navigation  C;k)mpany. 

Prince  Line. 


URUGUAY 


207 


Cable  Rates:  Fifty  cents  a  word  from  New  York  or  New  England  states 
Postal  Rates:  Postal  Union  rates.  ^»ana  states. 

Mail  Time:  To  Montevideo  direct,  twenty-five  days. 
Parcel  Post: 

packages.    Parcels  cZot  be^te.^.        "*"  """*  "^  *^*°  °"*  '»'  "^  P"««'  P<»t 
Money  Orders:  Not  issued. 
International  Reply  Coupons:  Not  issued. 


ti.:^^  mAA^  -^MflttaidWkL 


ii^wriirfl  iiiiir      , 


208 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


VENEZUELA 

A  republic  of  South  America,  facing  the  Caribbean  Sea,  and  bounded  on  the  east  by 
British  Guiana  and  Brazil,  on  the  south  by  Brazil  and  on  the  west  by  Colombia.  It« 
area  is  approximately  equivalent  to  that  of  the  Atlantic  coast  states  and  New  England. 
The  principal  cities  are  Caracas,  the  capital,  and  Maracaibo,  the  principal  port. 

The  climate  of  Venezuela  is  everywhere  tropical,  except  where  modified  by  altitude. 
Caracas  has  a  semi-tropical,  and  Maracaibo  and  La  Guaira  a  tropical  climate.  The 
tropical  heat  of  the  coast,  is,  however,  modified  by  the  trade  winds,  which  lower  the  tem- 
perature at  night.  The  year  is  divided  into  two  seasons,  the  dry  and  the  wet,  the  latter 
occuring  from  April  to  October,  when  the  temperature  is  highest. 

The  principal  industries  of  Venezuela  are  agriculture  and  mining.  The  chief  agri- 
cultural products  are  coffee,  cacao,  sugar,  tobacco,  cotton,  and  corn.  The  principal  mineral 
products  are  petroleum,  asphalt,  gold,  coal,  and  iron.  The  raising  of  livestock  is  an  industry 
of  increasing  importance.  The  forest  products,  including  rubber,  hard  woods,  vanilla,  and 
tonka  beans  form  an  important  part  of  Venezuela's  exports.  Manufacturing  has  made 
little  progress. 

Venezuela  has  a  very  small  railway  mileage,  the  principal  road  running  from  La 
Guaira  to  Caracas  and  from  Caracas  to  Valencia.  Valencia  is  also  connected  by  rail  with 
the  city  of  Puerto  Cabello. 


VENEZUELA 


209 


Of  the  total  imports  of  Venezuela  in  1918  the  United  States  supplied  61  per  cent  The 
United  States  took  41  per  cent,  of  the  total  exports  on  the  same  year.  The  per  capita 
foreign  trade  of  Venezuela  in  1918  amounted  to  $16.05;  imports  to  $7.49;  exports  to  $8.56. 

Area  and  Population 

The  area  of  the  country  is  approximately  393,976  square  miles,  divided  into  twenty 
states,  one  Federal  District,  and  two  territories,  as  follows: 


Districts 


Area 
Square  Miles 


Population 
Census-1891 


Estimate 
1917 


Federal  District 

States: 

Anzoitegui 

Apiire 

AragiiA 

Bolivar 

Caf|ibobo 

Cojedes 

Falg6n 

Gliarico 

Lara 

M^rida 

Miranda 

Monagas 

Nueva  Esparta . 

Portuguesa 

Sucre , 

TAchira 

Trujillo 

Yaracuy 

Tamora 

Tulia 

Territories: 

Amazonas 

Delta-Amacuro . 


Total. 


745 

16,713 

29,529 
2,161 

93,858 
1,795 
5,712 
9,572 

25,630 
7,642 
4,361 
3,068 

11,155 
490 
5,867 
4,554 
4,284 
2,856 
2,740 

13,587 
25,283 

108,736 
15,517 


393,874 


113,204 

134,064 

22,937 

94,994 

55,744 

169,313 

87,935 

139,110 

183,930 

189,624 

88,522 

141,446 

74,503 

40,197 

96,045 

92,030 

101,709 

146,585 

85,844 

62,696 

150,776 

45,097 
7,222 


2,323,527 


136.648 

161.703 

30,008 

118,685 

69,938 

193.234 

104,424 

170,154 

220,488 

233.152 

115,537 

175,810 

90,439 

52,431 

114,496 

118,160 

135,088 

185,624 

102,351 

75,329 

186,579 

45.097 
9,243 


2,844.618 


The  most  important  cities,  with  their  population  as  enumerated  in  the  census  of  1891 
are:  Caracas,  72,429  (estimated  86,880,  in  December,  1915);  M^rida  (state  of  M^rida) 
13,366;  San  Cristobal  (TAchira)  16,797;  Bocono  (Trujillo),  13,233;  Valencia  (Carabobo) 
54,387;  Barquisimeto  (Lara),  27,069;  Cuidad  Bolivar  (Bolivar),  17,535-  Puerto  Cabello 
(Carabobo),  13,176;  Barcelona  (Anzodtegui),  14,089;  Maturin  (Monagas)  15  624-  La 
Victoria  (Aragua),  14,709;  Villadecura  (Aragua),  15,792;  and  Maracaibo  (La)  34  74^ 
estimated  at  48,500  m  1915)  The  tetal  population  of  forty-eight  towns  of  over  a  thousand 
inhabitants  was  estimated  at  765,430  on  December  31,  1915. 

Commerce 

n.  *u^!  ?!"^  ""^  *^^  ^^^^  ^'''^'^''  ^"^"^^  ""^  Venezuela  in  1918  was  estimated  at  $45  400  000 
Uf  this  total,  imports  were  estimated  at  $21,200,000  and  exports  at  $24  200  000  '      ' 

Value  of  the  total  foreign  trade  of  the  United  States  with  Venezuela  for  eleven  years: 


Year 

Ended 

June 

30 


1909.. 

1910.. 

1911.. 

1912.. 

1913.. 

1914... 

1915.. 

1916.. 

1917... 

1918... 

1919... 


Exports 


Domestic 


Foreign 


Total 


Imports 


Free 


Dutiable 


$2,517,063 
2.745,932 
3.739.030 
4.649.361 
5,681.727 
5.351,877 
5.559.664 
8.863.343 

12.662.228 
7,637,327 


$51,148 

51,278 

52,590 

54.244 

55.391 

49,509 

204.778 

225.655 

218.217 

185,680 


$2,568,211 
2,797,210 
3,791,620 
4,703,605 
5,737,118 
5,401,386 
5,764.442 
9.088.998 

12.880,445 
7.823,007 
9,275,680 


$7,199,837 

6,407.010 

7.430,577 

10,368,394 

10,223,915 

9,480.242 

12,916,859 

14.354.893 

13.714.115 

12,091.653 


$1,113,772 
294,342 
204,679 
289,595 
628,416 
282,827 
311,379 
587,555 
1,304,452 
1.196.085 


Total 


Per 
Cent. 
Free 


Excess  of 
Exports  (♦) 

or 
Imports  (-) 


$8,313,609 

6,701.352 

7,635,256 

10,657,989 

10,852,331 

9,763,069 

13,227.238 

14,942,448 

15,018,567 

13,287,738 

19,732,709 


86.60 
95.61 
97.33 
97.28 
94.21 
97.10 
97.65 
96.07 
91.32 
91.00 


-$5,745,398 
-3,904,142 
-3,843.636 
-5,954,384 
-5,115.213 
-4.361,683 
-7,462,799 
-5,853,450 
-2,138.122 
-5.464.731 

-10,457.029 


210 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Value  of  imports  from  the  various  countries  of  origm  during  the  July-December 
period  of  1918: 


Countries 


Six  Months 

Ended  Dec., 

1918 


Countries 


Six  Months 

Ended  Deo., 

1918 


United  States 

England 

Spain 

France 

Colombia 


$4,256,126 

2,072,467 

225.469 

131.152 

123,885 


lUly 

Curasao 

All  other  countries 

Totel 


$98,802 

50.658 

229.319 


$7,187,878 


Values  of  the  most  important  items  imported  during  the  July-December  period  of  1918: 


Articles 


Six  Months 

Ended  Dec. 

1918 


Articles 


Six  Months 

Ended  Dec^ 

1918 


Cotton  cloth 

Drugs 

Rice 

Cotton  thread 

Wheat  flour 

Machinery  (except  typewriters) . 

Automobiles 

Wines 


$1,614,878 
439.139 
376.732 
241.691 
237.854 
168,415 
166,164 
154,995 


Caustic  soda 

Paraffin 

Paper,  not  specified 

Empty  sacks 

Tin  plate  (sheets) .  . 

ToUl , 


143,894 
140.034 
121.516 
104.376 
81.643 


$3,991,331 


Foreign  trade  of  Venezuela  over  a  period  of  ten  years: 


Year 


Imports 


Exports 


Total 


1908.., 

1909., 

1910., 

1911. 

1912. 

1913. 

1914. 

1915. 

1916. 

1917. 

1918  (est.) 


$9,814,027 
9,766,182 
12,387,553 
18,394.889 
20,568.940 
18.030.104 
13.987.465 
13.470.236 
20,634.418 
22.188.22.3 
21,200,000 


$14,613,244 
16.028.635 
17.948,570 
22,684,384 
25,260,908 
29,483,789 
21,520,534 
23,404.427 
22,707,000 
23.164.702 
24,200.000 


$24,427,271 
25,794.817 
30.336,123 
41,079,848 
45.829.848 
47.513,893 
35,607,999 
36,874,663 
43,341.418 
45,352.925 
45,400.000 


The  value  of  imports  by  countries  of  origin  for  five  years: 


Countries 

1913 

1914 

1915 

1916 

1917 

United  States 

United  Kingdom 

Spain 

France 

Italy 

Netherlands 

Colombia 

Porto  Rico 

Denmark 

Panama 

Ecuador 

Cuba 

Sweden 

Austria-Hungary 

Belgium 

Germany 

Other  countries 

$6,944,136 

4.296,295 

722,645 

1.093,656 

555,633 

1,586,207 

12,849 

838" 

2.032' 

228.563 

2,586.986 

264 

$6,015,445 

2,893,097 

481,687 

777.6.38 

547.528 

1.456.493 

14,028 

17,482  ■ 

33,795 

550 

1,833 

V,43^ 

156,488 
1,589,966 

$7,943,219 
2,906,539 
651,608 
654.530 
484,826 
788,433 
31,886 

272* 

6,994 

1,324 

605* 

$12,958,727 

4.630.647 

1.158.110 

993,004 

419,735 

277,504 

30,889 

4,161 

87.458 

3,574 

2.231 

67,427 

i.osi 

$15,661,807 

3,793,163 

1,268,537 

949,824 

307,069 

239.044 

30.402 

16,754 

14.840 

6,756 

2,027 

Total 

$18,030,104 

$13,987,465 

$13,470,236 

$20,634,418 

$22,188,223 

VENEZUELA 


211 


The  figures  of  imports  in  1917.  as  eivpn  in  ihia  *«ki        j  •      i,   , 
compfled  not  to  include  parcel-pos  l>m^te  IZTt^^'^Z     ^k"  **""'  ^"^""^^  "« 
For  the  fi^t  time  the  Vene.ueC  sU^tLZ^^^X^^X  mt  ^  '^J'*"'"'- 
post  imports  by  countries  and  articles.  ^  '  segregated  parcel- 

The  principal  countries  of  origin  of  parcel-post  imports  were: 


1917 


United  Kingdom 

Spain 

Other  countries .  . 


Total, 


$61,626 

19,570 

4.498 


$740,719 


Value  of  imports  by  principal  articles  in  1916  and  ^^^TZ^ZZIZT.  ^ 


Agricultural  implements  and  machinery 
Arms  and  ammunition .  .  

Automobiles  and  accessories 

Baggmg 

Bags,  empty 

Beer 

Biscuits 

Butter 

Buttons. . .  

Boitles....    

Calcium  carbide. ! 

Cement * 

Cheese ....  

Soda.  

Coal '.''.' 

Confectionery • 

Cordage .' . .' .' 

votton:  

Raw . . . 

Knit  goods'. 

Textiles...    

Canvas  and  duck! 

Laces  and  trimmings.  ..'.■.'.' 

fcf  "^^-  -d  towels. .-.: : : : : : : : ; ;  ; 

prugIt3l;,eTc&'°^"^«''^'°<i"«^^^^^^ 
t;arthenware  and  crockery*. 

EnS  VT^^"^  *°d  a^ories  .*  .*  .*  .* 

EjQgmes  and  parts ... 

'  lour .  

f'urniture* 

Glassware 

Groceries. ; 

Hats,  untrimm^ 

S'nTd'sS.'l^'"  *h«*"t8and  trades:  .*  .*  .*  .*  i 

n     ****?'  manufactures;  

{domestic  ware 

S?ructi°aL^'  '°"°^'  "^"*'*'  ^^^^^- '  i  i ! 

Tubing       

Nails     

{:;s^^  laSi^ir'  '"r^^,  ^'^■'  ■  •  •  •  ■ 

f  iquors .  , 

Leather .    


Quantity 


169 


979 
10.698 


20,600 


17,130 


»••■••> 


spare  parts 
Aiming.. 
Printing 
i>ther 


1.230 


1916 
Value 


$189,769 

136,909 

420.772 

227.646 

130.636 

9,422 

94,463 

183,468 

53,806 

47,671 

55.572 

117,923 
42,118 
68,400 

151,259 
79,849 

109,047 

317.491 
406.038 
4,149.819 
76.596 
73,970 
63,050 
63,598 
548,893 
740,656 
24,251 
151,638 
110,192 
1,205.487 
16.346 
49.688 
26,517 
36,212 
22.605 


185,089 

149.947 

43,609 

170,448 

56,362 

137,111 

18,722 

356,641 

243.035 

319.967 

3,901 

77,849 
2,947 
42,073 

59.o,8.=)9 


Quantity 


1917 
Value 


88 


250 
7.)501 


15,174 


9,118 


189 


$117,353 
44,017 
376,895 
353,919 
106.572 
21,464 
73,675 
73,765 
47.204 
76.772 
24.691 

129.676 
11,701 
89,918 

193.663 
49.098 

173,228 

167,385 
420,772 
3,678.344 
196,031 
103.892 
74,854 
153.195 
340.539 
952.306 
99,989 
194.232 
109,549 
1.154,317 
42,124 
57,833 
87.821 
29.586 
97.372 

169.283 
203.455 

62,390 
279,612 

59,636 
295,145 

18,964 

70,184 
206.508 
261.065 

33,480 

104,454 
5,007 


492,029 


Continued  to  page  212 


212 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Table — Continued: 


Articles 


Quantity 


1916 
Value 


Quantity 


1917 
Value 


Malted  barley 

Meat  products 

Foods,  preserved 

Oils: 

Benzine  and  gasoline 

Machine 

Kerosene 

Linseed 

Olive 

Paints: 

Enamels  and  colors 

Ordinary 

Paper: 

Print 

Cigarette 

Other 

Paraffin 

Perfumery,  fine  soaps,  powders,  etc . 

Quinine 

Railway  material 

Rice 

Rosin 

Rubber  manufactures 

Sardines 

Stearin 

Tinplate 

Tinplate  manufactures 

Toys 

Tobacco,  leaf 

Wines 

Wire: 

Fence.. 

Galvanized 

Woolen  textiles 


7,009 


61.314 

25.734 

173,568 

206,431 
47,090 

152,367 
25,421 

157,748 

23.513 
72.162 

70.890 

37.891 

189.320 

73,895 

171,939 

47,868 

129,663 

626,289 

43,193 

37,687 

136.497 

254,804 

14,769 

16,173 

46,208 


287.476 

189.568 

46.799 

179.909 


5.366 


94.961 

123.817 

96,113 

316.244 
66.367 

225,197 
30.294 
87.931 

61.397 
83.440 

142.772 

41.641 

334.559 

148,444 

196,813 

46,059 

117,191 

641.067 

46,656 

59,612 

92,668 

220,337 

20,370 

39,839 

39,198 

18,445 

256.385 

65,010 

63,883 

166.515 


1918: 


Values  of  exports  by  countries  of  destination  for  the  six  months  ending  December. 


Countries 


Six  Months 

Ended  Dec. 

1918 


Countries 


Six  Months 

Ended  Dec. 

1918 


United  States . 

Spain 

Curasao 

France 

Trinidad 

England 


$3,964,738 
1.170,782 
1,356.700 
1.112,399 
1,062.184 
375,489 


Santa  Lucia 

Italy 

All  other  countries. 

Total 


335,004 
113,434 
414,377 


$9,905,107 


Values  of  the  principal  items  of  export  during  the  second  half  of  1918: 


Artiolea 


Six  Months 

Ended  Dec. 

1918 


Coffee 

Cacao 

Balata  (crude  rubber) 

Leaf  Tobacco 

Vyom.  • 

Frozen  meat 

Cattle  hides 

Refined  sugar 

Pearl  shells 

Cattle  vaccine 

Gold  smelted 


$4,479,489 
1,188,128 
782,872 
665.107 
309.996 
274,295 
257,731 
236.389 
168.133 
166.198 
120.840 


Articlea 


Six  Months 

Ended  Dec, 

1918 


Gold  Clay 

Asphalt 

Crude  petroleum 

Goatakina 

Dividivi  (tanning  bark) 

Copper  ore 

Copper  smelted 

Total 


$118,789 
104.370 
89.999 
71.707 
70.386 
61.660 

•  ••   ■•••■* 

23.160 


$9,078,249 


VENEZUELA 


213 


Exports  by  principal  commodities  and  countries  of  destination  for  two 


years: 


Coffee 

United  States... 

Spain 

France 

Curasao 

Italy 

Cacao 

United  States . , . 

France 

SpMiin 

Trinidad 

Italy 

Netherlands .... 
Cattle  hides 

United  States... 

Trinidad 

Netherlands .... 

France 

Balata 

United  Kingdom . 

United  States 

Gold. 


United  States !..*.'.!!!.*. 

Goat  and  deer  skins. . . . 

United  Sutes .'.'.'.'!.'.".'.'!.' 

Curacao [[[ 

Asphalt .!!!*.!! 

United  States 

Sugar,  raw .'....'.*.*.. 

CursQao ......' 

United  States 

Sugar,  refined 

United  States .'!.'.'.*.'.".*.'.'.".'! 

Curayao ' ' 

Copper  ore * .' ,' 

j^^^^ractically  all  to  the  Uiiited  Stktoa  *in'b<ith  yVara 

United  States .....'.'.'.'. 

Dividivi 

Curasao [ 

United  States .''.*.'.'.".'.'.".*.*.'.'.' 

Chicle  and  pendare  gum. . .  

United  States ..'. 

Frozen  beef ' 

France 

Porto  Rico !!!!!!!!;;;;;;;;;;:;; 

Santa  Luc  a 

Brazil ..::..:;::::::: 

Curasao .'!...'.'." 

United  Kingdom 

Heron  plumes  (aigrettes) ........'. 

France 

Tobacco 

France .., , 

Netheriands.  ......'..'.'.['. 

_      Curacao 

Pearls.  


France [ 

uSedStatea! 
ionka  beans 

Trinidad . . . . . 

United  State*., 
aole  leather 

France '..], 

-,     Curacao 

^•etor  seeds 

.Umted  States.. 
Maiie 

Curasao 


•  •  •  ■ 


Quantity 
Tons 


50,814 
26.031 
6,149 
11.381 
2.989 
1.812 
15,183 
5,305 
4,417 
1,849 
2,575 
259 
325 
3,297 
3,034 
45 
29 
135 
626 
373 
241 


1,090 

768 

315 

44,621 

44,610 

1,944 

1,182 

19 

7,328 

1,566 

6.648 


140 

108 

7,758 

4,775 

1,976 

75 

74 

3,315 

1,030 

• 

466 
800 
514 
505 


475 
68 

182 
66 


24 

16 

8 

610 
82 

389 


103 


2 
96 


1916 
Value 


$10,552,542 
5.281,295 
1,072,242 
2,608.852 
646,189 
377,380 
4,323,873 
1.636.125 
1,254,427 
553,844 
519,786 
78,922 
87,964 
1,608,345 
8,365,310 
10,485 
13.965 
28.564 
566,782 
349,964 
206,554 
1,479,218 
1,472,702 
587,706 
340,474 
242,437 
274,523 
274,310 
104,057 
55,438 
909 
564,081 
119,822 
431,909 
348,377 

40,260 

101,468 

132,043 

79,767 

38,327 

25,430 

25,075 

322,518 

79,770 


35,979 

129,696 

39,700 

37,372 

102,221 

92.684 

85,723 

13,306 

30,821 

12,465 

166,241 

163,051 

'  • 

3,170 
15,935 
12,891 
3,044 
174,460 
64,323 
90,524 


4.183 

1 

110 

3,861 


Quantity 
Tons 


1917 
Value 


44,081 
26,909 
8,536 
5,388 
1,240 
1,033 
20,044 
8,399 
5,473 
2.474 
2.867 
287 
154 
3,722 
2,942 
83 
17 
7 
1.172 
944 
163 


1.024 

796 

198 

48,844 

48.844 

2,960 

1.356 

837 

14,998 

5,440 

4,084 


183 

181 

5,063 

4,448 

522 

82 

76 

5,522 

2,389 

1.704 

1.329 


$8,256,486 
4,927,759 
1,637,719 
1,075,328 
224.569 
199,151 
4.688.129 
2,093,369 
1.263,298 
571,693 
561,480 
65,673 
32,678 
1.770,308 
1.474,163 
20,729 
11,037 
2,659 
1,281,875 
1,051.902 
168,818 
898,531 
873,121 
769,160 
759,056 
176,255 
315,695 
315,695 
173,522 
74,579 
51,689 
1,290,260 
465,434 
320,113 
551,333 

246,436 

244,340 

94.026 

83.509 

9,729 

39.276 

37.105 

426,588 

192.167 

131.575 

102.845 


126 

117 

1 

1 


274 
272 
1 
130 
93 
23 
109 
109 
13.696 
9.083 
2,661 
1,616 


92,039 
92.039 
13,416 
21,473 
11 
38 
128,740 
71,217 
21,751 
3.782 
115,672 
114,573 
1,002 
103,467 
85,266 
20.263 
104,835 
104.836 
661.820 
366.285 
118.061 
63.368 


h 


' 


214 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Exports  by  countries  of  destination  for  five  years: 


VENEZUELA 


215 


Countries 

1913 

1914 

1915 

1916 

1917 

United  States 

$8,475,531 

9.988.044 

2,207.738 

1,369,421 

709,343 

252,507 

$9,378,668 

6,018,826 

1.426,946 

1.091.498 

907.636 

283.159 

$13,170,113 

2,978.060 

2.041.221 

1.079,943 

3,199.183 

523,632 

2,132 

45,545 

19,670 

256',346" 

$11,795,771 

4.458,288 

1.386.279 

2,029.251 

2.326.723 

466.910 

2,760 

66,057 

17,407 

129,696 

27,128 

France 

$12,792,584 

United  Kingdom 

3,016  855 

Spain 

2,499.268 

Netherlands 

2,358,136 

Italy 

1,947,106 

Porto  Rico 

274,690 

Colombia 

415,227 
11,386 

6.398" 

100.369 
561 

158,857 

Cuba 

115,877 

Brazil 

Denmark 

1.329 

Panama 

Norway 

Sweden 

Belgium 

Dominican  Republic 

Austria-Hungary 

3.838 
1,930 

82,762" 

'395.896" 

832 

1,332 

13.173 

1.299 

366,571 

1,933 
44.962 
41,687 

730 

Giermany 

Total 

5.563,768 
$29,483,789 

1.929.664 
$21,520,534 

$23,404,427 

$22,707,000 

$23,164,702 

Included  under  United  Kingdom  for  the  year  1917  are:  Barbados,  $64,032;  Santa 
Lucia,  $122,198;  Granada,  $4,774;  and  Trinidad,  $1,165,261.  Under  Spain,  Canary  Islands, 
$27,476.  Under  Netherlands,  Cura9ao,  $1,784,204;  Aruba,  $6,832;  and  Bonaire,  $84.' 
Under  France,  Martinique,  $94,891;  French  Guiana,  $11,143;  and  Guadelupe,  $8,857. 

Production  and  Industry 
Geographically,  Venezuela,  which  lies  wholly  within  the  tropics,  is  divided  into  four 
regions:  (1)  The  Guianas  highlands,  covering  the  territory  south  and  east  of  the  Orinoco 
River;  (2)  the  great  central  plains,  commonly  called  the  Llanos;  (3)  the  northeastern  chain 
of  the  Andean  Cordillera,  this  section  forming  the  northwestern  portion  of  the  republic 
and  bounding  the  Llanos  on  the  south  and  east;  (4)  the  lower  country  bordering  on  Lake 
Maracaibo. 

The  Guiana  highlands,  a  great  plateau  and  mountain  region  as  yet  partly  unexplored, 
contain  vast  forest  areas  in  which  are  found  vanilla,  rubber,  tonka  beans,  and  a  great 
variety  of  forest  woods.  The  population  in  this  district  is  almost  wholly  composed  of  wild 
Indian  tribes.  The  Llanos  of  the  Orinoco  cover  about  108,000  square  miles,  the  population, 
with  the  exception  of  Indian  tribes,  being  sparse.  The  country  is  chiefly  wide  grassy  pampas 
or  plains,  large  portions  of  which  are  subject  to  floods  in  the  rainy,  and  droughts  in  the  dry 
season.  These  lands  are  the  cattle  producing  areas  of  the  country.  The  fourth  section 
includes  the  region  about  Lake  Maracaibo,  the  coastal  lowlands,  and  the  islands,  comprising 
a  territory  of  about  28,000  square  miles. 

One-fifth  of  the  population  is  estimated  to  be  engaged  in  agriculture.  Coffee  is  an 
important  crop,  cultivated  on  about  33,000  plantations,  the  best  lands  being  in  the  northern 
hills,  at  an  altitude  of  3,000  feet,  though  the  crop  grows  readily  at  any  altitude  between 
1,500  and  6,500  feet.  Cacao  is  produced  on  about  5,000  plantations  in  the  Lake  Maracaibo, 
Caracas  and  Orinoco  delta  districts.  Venezuela,  in  1915,  ranked  seventh  among  the  world's 
producers  and  third  among  South  American  producers  of  cacao. 

The  sugar  industry  is  developing  rapidly,  additional  acreage  of  cane  being  planted 
yearly  in  the  north.  Many  modem  new  mills  have  been  installed,  and  while  the  greatest 
proportion  of  the  sugar  is  used  locally  for  distillation,  more  is  constantly  being  exported. 
Tobacco,  cotton,  com,  wheat,  manioc,  etc.,  are  raised. 


The  I^tock  mdustry  u.  important;  in  1915  there  were  registered  1,288  breeders 
with  mvested  capital  amountmg  to  approximately  $20,000,000.    ThVestimat^f  livSS 
place  the  number  of  cattle  at  2,004,250;  sheep,  176,660;  goats,  1,667  260-  horses  1Q7n7n 
mules,  89,180;  asses,  312,800;  pigs,  1,618,210.  »- '.w>'.^,  horses,  191,070; 

Forat  products  include  mora,  mahogany,  rubber,  balata,  yaniUa,  tonka  beans  and 

state^i^dt  p^3  tr:Lzi  Terr-Thri^dX'r^r  ^  rr.  ^-- 

and  transportation  faciUties.    Coal  is  mined^'aTNirortre   £  Jr^^klt ^L^^^ 
and  a^ong  the  Unare  River,      ron  is  found  in  the  extreme  eastern  section  of  the  riS' 
Salt  IS  a  government  monopoly,  and  is  fathered  in  the  State  of  Zulia     Pelri  Zl 
engagmg  the  labors  of  1,600  people  and  400  boats,  are  located  on  M^:;^^!^' 

TheL£.t7eZX:^r^rur^e\"tGurr^H^'^  'J  '^  -"■''-'- 

repubUc,istheworld's.argestasphrdts^'^a£rr^^hr^:^^^^^^ 
ai.  several  cotton  mUls  at  Valencia,  producing  goods  Sde^  ^S"  "^^^ 
tanning  mdustry  has  made  some  progress  there  beinir  fa^t^ri^.  "■  •    f?  '         ® 

of  boots,  shoes  and  saddles.  uLZZl^Z^ZlT^ZZt^lV  '^°"{'^'"« 
is  a  concession  operated  by  a  British  cor^In^T^j^  2^^ ^nd  ^ZTfT""' 
produce  goods  not  of  the  best  quaUty.    There'  a,^  two^^rfa^  bi^terir  '""" 

Cura^""  ""• "'"''"'  '~"''  ""^  '^^'''''  *"•*  P*'""*""  ^'  P^bably  be  imported  from 
Post  Offices,  Telegraphs: 

There  are  309  post  oflices,  4,782  miles  of  telegraoh  linp  wif  h  9i  i  ^ffi  •    i .  ,    , 

companies  with  a  total  mileage  of  12,511.    S  are  e^^^^^^^    ulf         \  T'^^  ^^^'^^^^^ 

Railways: 

Railway  development  has  been  slow  the  maYimnm  ]o«,r*i,  «*  *u    i 
being  111  mUes.    The  total  mUeage  of  tl;  ZZ^r^vf^     .    ,!  '"^'  '^«'"  ^^ 
-il-ay  for  each  square  mile  of  territo^  aTlTs  in^";  -Thtd  of"""  IT  "^\1 
lines  are  narrow  gauue  the  widths  hpin».  i  f ^T*  b  •    i,      ,      ^         "^  °^  population.    All 
2  feet.  ^  ^  '***  ^  '"*•'*«'  1  "«*«"•  (39-37  inches),  3  feet  and 

Roads: 

There  are  carriage  roads  from  Caracas  to  La  Guaira  anH  Ma^nf^  t        r^ 
Valencia,  to  be  continued  to  San  Christobal  (68^  mil^  from  C.T    \    n    ^^'""'"^  ^ 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures: 

of  a  peso     Th/!9  U       T  '  *  '  ^''^^^^^  ^'""^  '""^^"^^  ^  «^"a»  one  one-huLdredth 

P^o.    The  12>^  centavos  piece  is  known  as  a  cuartiUo  or  a  locha.  ^'^"'^^^eatti 

l^he  metric  system  of  weights  and  measures  was  adopted  in  1912. 


216 


EXPORTERS  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Consular  Representatives: 

United  States  consular  officials  are  stationed  at  La  Guaira,  Caracas,  Ciudad  Bolivar 
Maracaibo,  Puerto  Cabello.  * 

Venezuelan  consular  officials  are  stationed  at  Mobile,  Los  Angeles,  San  Francisco 
Jacksonville,  Chicago,  New  Orleans,  New  York  City,  Cincinnati,  Oklahoma,  Philadelphia* 
Arecibo,  Mayaguez,  San  Juan,  Galveston,  Norfolk  and  Newport  News,  St.  Thomas,  Seattle! 
Customs  Tariff: 

The  customs  tariflf  of  Venezuela  provides  that  articles  shaU  be  divided  into  nine  classes 
on  which  specific  duties  shall  be  assessed  on  the  basis  of  gross  weight.    There  are  three 
surtaxes  of  1,  12>^  and  30  per  cent.,  respectively. 
Consular  Regulations: 

Four  copies  of  consular  invoice  (cost  per  set  of  four,  $0.35)  are  required.    Certification 
charges  are  based  on  a  sliding  scale.     Bills  of  lading  need  not  be  certified.     Goods  may  not 
shipped  consigned  "to  order."    Packages  may  be  marked  with  either  stencil  or  brush. 
Language:  Spanish. 

Local  Advertising  Media: 

There  is  one  important  daily  in  Caracas  and  several  each  in  Maracaibo,  Puerto  Cabello. 
and  Valencia. 

Shipping  Routes: 

Red  "D"  Line. 

Royal  Dutch  West  India  Mail  Line. 

Caribbean  Steamship  Co.,  Ltd. 

Cable  Rate:  One  dollar  per  word  from  New  York  or  New  England  states. 

Postal  Rates:  Postal  Union  rates. 

Mail  Time:  To  La  Guaira  direct,  seven  days. 

Parcel  Post: 

Service  extends  to  Venezuela.  Limit  of  weight,  11  pounds.  Two  copies  of  the 
"Customs  Declaration"  must  be  attached  to  each  parcel.  A  person  receiving  more  than 
20  kilograms  (44  pounds)  of  the  same  merchandise  by  the  same  steamer  must  pay  an 
amount  equal  to  10  per  cent,  of  the  Venezuelan  customs  tariff  in  addition  to  the  entry 
duty.  Weight,  contents  and  value  should  be  indicated  clearly  and  specifically.  There 
is  a  minimum  charge  of  6  reales  ($0.58)  on  all  packages  imported  by  parcel  post.  Pro- 
hibitions: starch,  indigo,  cocoa,  coffee,  salted  or  dried  meat  in  pieces,  salt,  sarsaparilla 
roots,  coins,  matches,  cigarette  paper,  saccharine,  unless  addressed  to  pharmacists,  who  may 
import  100  grains  per  person. 

Money  orders:  Not  issued. 
International  Reply  Coupons:  Not'issued. 


i 


AMERICAN  EXPORTER,  Publishers,  17  Battery  Place,  New  York  City. 


ALBANIA— ANDORRA 


217 


EUROPE 


ALBANIA 

(See  map.  page  289) 

Area  and  Population 

An  independent  country  under  ItaUan,  and  to  a  certain  extent,  under  French  protection, 
located  on  the  eastern  shore  of  the  Adriatic,  west  of  Serbia  and  north  of  Greece.  It  has 
an  area  of  about  10,500  square  miles,  and  an  estimated  population  of  1,000  000  For  600 
years  before  1914,  Albania  was  a  Turkish  province.    The  principal  town^  are  Durazzo, 

o!^?TrT  ""^^^  (5.000);  Scutari  (32,000);  Elbasan  (13,000);  Trana  (12.000);  Kortcha 
(8,000);  Valona  (6,600). 


Production   Industry  and  Commerce. 

Tobacco,  wool  and  ohve  oU  are  the  principal  products.    Wool  is  made  up  into  heavy 
native  cloth.    The  mmeral  resources  are  petroleum,  copper,  coal,  silver,  gold,  and  lead. 
Ihere  are  few  forests,  and  stone  is  therefore  used  for  structural  purposes.    Rye.  com 
wheat,  oats  and  barley  are  grown.    Vegetables  are  scarce. 

There  are  no  railroads  in  the  country,  and  the  roads,  in  general,  are  bad.  Southern 
Albania,  smee  the  Italian  occupation,  has  had  some  mihtary  roads  constructed,  connecting 
the  pnncipal  towns  with  Kortcha.  Central  Albania  has  no  roads.  Northern  Albania 
has  one,  running  from  Durazzo  and  Tirano  to  Scutari;  but  no  bridges  cross  the  wide  and 
8W1 1  nvere.  Commerce  is  restricted  to  essential  commodities,  and  is  carried  on  with 
Italy  and  Greece.  Shipments  to  Albania  are  made  via  Naples,  thence  by  rail  to  Brindisi 
or  ban.  The  customs  charge  is  10  per  cent,  ad  valorem  at  Valona,  and  11  per  cent,  at 
oiner  pomts.  Goods  going  over  land  by  caravan  from  Saloniki  are  charged  1  franc  per  kUo 
or  about  $0.09  per  pound  e.  f^       u, 


ANDORRA 

bv  htr^^^  independent  republic  in  the  Pyrenees,  consisting  chiefly  of  a  vaUey  surrounded 

sLll  ^-ir      T"      *  ^  ^"^  ^"^^  °^  ^^^  '^""^  "^^^^  *^^  *  population  of  5,231.  living  in 
sn^aU  villages^    Itf^l^xunum  length  is  seventeen  miles,  audits  width  eighteen  miles.    The 
«>imtry  IS  under  the  jomt  control  of  the  French  President  and  the  Spanish  Bishop  of  Urgel. 
he  language  of  the  country  is  Catalan.    French  and  Spanish  currency  are  in  use. 


11 


218 


EXPORTERS  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


SCALt  O*       M>t.C5 


AUSTRIA 

ru.J^  "f^K^Public  of  Austria,  u  a  result  of  the  great  war.  consists  only  of  certain 
portions  of  the  former  kingdom  of  Austria.    Of  the  commercial  potentiaUties  of  the  new 

^^J ^n^  "Twl**  '^•!;  '^'  "'P'*^  ""*  P™"'!^  "*y  ^  Vienna,  a  city  with 
some  200,000  more  mhab.tants  than  Philadelphia.  The  principal  Industrie;  of  the  new 
repubUc  are  agriculture  and  manufacturing,  the  Utter  carried  on  principaUy  in  Vienna. 

H„n^^  T"  tr*^  i^**.  "  ^'^^^  •'^  Switzerland,  Germany,  Chechoslovakia, 
H^^  Jugo^via  and  Italy.    As  a  result  of  the  war  Austria  has  lost,  as  a  part  of  some 

TJ^^«:^K'  ^V  ^"  ^T"  **"'°'y'  ^^  '"P"'^'  Adriatic  sea  coast  which  form- 
^d  FW  '  '**  *''*  °^''*'*  °'  "'*  "'"'''  *'^"*''  "■*  P*"*"  °'  Tri**** 

,nH  ^  *^'  ^T*'  **"'°'^,  '""'"'^'^  "'"^  *''*  '^e<*<"°  °f  A™t™.  Bohemia,  Moravia 
?^lh  T  T^  "^J"^  ,°^  f '^  """"'  "''''^'  '"^''  '^°  "^-^  f  ««=  new  8tat«  of 
di^^r^^r^'  ?"  L""*^  ^""P'^  ''°*  ""'y  **^  ™<«*  important  manufacturing 
dMtnct  of  the  former  kmgdom,  but  an  equally  important  mining  and  agricultural  center. 
To  Poland  Austria  has  lost  the  greater  part  of  GaUda,  with  an  area  of  30,212  square  miles. 


AUSTRIA 


219 


miles).    To  Rumania  Austria  ha^  bee„  f!!^^^"^'^^  '"''  ^*"*'  ^'^  3,078  square 
which  has  valuable  mineral  ^^cT  '^'  ^"^""^  ^'^  *-^  ^'^^  ^es) 

its  P^cTpri^inTr^l'ilttelld^rm^  "  P-ipa.  manufacturing  industries, 
terms  of  the  treaty  of  peace  A;sWa  L  in^r^^f  agricultural  regions.  Under  the 
Pemisylvania.  Before  the  war  the  A^tl^^^tT'  '"""^'^"^  as  large  as  the  stets  of 
combined  states  of  New  York,  NeWeZ  ^^t°^  ""^' '°  fT'  '"~"'  "^^^o^  «>« 
therefore  lost  as  a  direct  result  o!  tlZLu^J^^'"""'"  f?"  ^'''^^'"^-    ^-^^a  has 

i^po^tt^m^t^rtfrrTd  wL^htrtf^  ^'T'  ^'""'"'  '•«  ''^  -^^^^  only 
greater  than  Philadelphia.  ^^  iTto  a  ^U^  J'*!  ''"'  "  P^P"^*'""  »•"«  200,00b 
principal  product  conLu.  of  aS^  of1„!„^'*^/^"* ."  """"^acturing  center,  bu  its 
only  in  part  available  for  aStt^  IT^^Z  Tf^'  J""'  ''^■^  '<^'  *-  Austria  is 
economically  consideied,  is^t  onTa  ^Z^ont^Z\  T  ^''l"*^  ^""'"^  "*-<». 
greater  part  of  its  requirements  on  otheT^^tri^  ^"^^  ^  ""P^""^*  '"  '*'« 

Area  and  Population 
ProI:LV':,S^J,^,J^^'^^-^^'^re^'-  of  her  former  dominions  the 

Styria^d  twcvthirds  of  C^inlS'"  xhf  p^/nt"  of  °^  t  '^  ^^°''  --«^<1  "^ 
have  been  ceded  to  other  countries     The  aC^^^.  a    '"'•  ^"'''"^  and  Dalmatia 

accurate  detaUed  statistics  for  the  new  Aultl  fh^' ??^'  ■  ^  '*  "^  "nP°^ble  to  obtain 

app«.ximate  in  that,  where  part  ofaprTvin^C^  ""^^""^  '^  ^^^^  **''"'  "^  o>Jy 
for  the  whole  province  havX>n  ri^^^t^.'Z'  '^i,'"'?«' «">  tn'aty,  the  statisti,i 
statistics  have  been  omitted-  '  P""^**  has  been  ceded  as  a  whole,  the 


Provinces 


Lower  Austria. 
IJPP^r  Auatria. 
g~»burg 

Tyrol          \ 
Voralberg  /•• 
'^annthia 


Area 
Sqiiare  Miles 


Population  of  principal  cities  in  the  new  Austria: 


Population 


3.531,814 
853.006 
214,737 

1,444,157 

946.613 
396,200 


I^wer  Austria: 

J^enna  (Wien> 

Wien  Neustadt. 

„     ^^^•"^'^"^-■ 
OpperAogSii; 

QlgZl  

wSb. 


2,031.498 
32,874 
21,805 
18,067 

67,817 
17,442 
16,376 


Salzburg: 

p.    .SaUburg... 
otyna: 

^      Gra« 

Carinthia: 

Klagenfurt, 
Tyrol; 

Innsbruck. 
Voralberg: 

Dombim. 


36,188 
151.781 
28,911 
53,194 
16,199 


220 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Commerce 

Prior  to  1920  United  States  statistics  of  foreign  commerce  included  trade  with  Austria 
under  the  classification  of  trade  with  Austria-Hungary.  Exports  to  Austria-Hungary 
during  the  calendar  year  1919  were  valued  at  $42,211,564,  and  imports  from,  at  $4,932,387. 

Foreign  commerce  of  the  former  kingdom  of  Austria  for  five  years,  including  that  of 
Czecho-Slovakia  and  ceded  territory: 


Year 


Imports 


Exports 


1906.. 
1907.. 
1908.. 


Year 


$481,146,200 
516,253,000 
491,938,000 


Imports 


S539.602,400 
531,617,000 
479.183,800 


1909.. 
1910.. 


EXPORTII 


$562,889,400 
685,946,800 


$495,018,600 
517,528.000 


Value  of  principal  imports,  by  commodities,  1907-1911,  in  round  millions: 


Commodity 


1907 


1908 


1909 


1910 


1911 


Dyes  and  medicines 

Spices 

Tobacco 

Grains  and  rice 

Vegetables 

Fniits 

Oils  and  fats 

Eggs 

Coal  and  coke 

Woodenware 

Minerals 

Dyes  and  tanning  materials .  . . 

Rubber  and  rubber  goods 

Cotton  and  cotton  goods 

Flax,  hemp  and  jute 

Wool  and  manufactures 

Silk  and  silk  goods 

Paper  and  paper  goods 

Leather  and  leather  goods 

Iron  and  iron  ware 

Machines  and  electrical  goods . 
Base  metals  and  manufactures. 

Chemicals 

Instruments 

Clocks 


$3,500,000 

15,800,000 

8,000,000 

10.200.000 

3,200.000 

2.700.000 

11,100,000 

4.500.000 

36.600,000 

4,200.000 

9.600.000 

3,200,000 

6,900,000 

82.100.000 

4,600,000 

48,300,000 

22.800,000 

6,600.000 

12.900.000 

13,500.000 

19.100,000 

26.200,000 

10,900,000 

5,300.000 

3,700,000 


$3,700,000 

1,500,000 

9,200,000 

12,100,000 

4,100,000 

2,300.000 

10,600.000 

3,600,000 

37,700.000 

4.300,000 

9.200.000 

2.900.000 

6,600,000 

64.900,000 

5,900.000 

42.700.000 

21,900.000 

6.200.000 

13,000,000 

17,100,000 

20,500.000 

22.900.000 

11.300.000 

7,000.000 

2.800.000 


$4,500,000 

1.300.000 

9.300.000 

13.000.000 

5,400.000 

2.800.000 

9.100.000 

4.200.000 

37,300.000 

4,500,000 

10,100,000 

3,200,000 

9,800,000 

73,600,000 

5,000,000 

53.500,000 

21,400,000 

6,500,000 

14.400,000 

14.000.000 

18.300.000 

21,100,000 

11,100.000 

7,900,000 

3.000.000 


$5,400,000 

1,500.000 
10.200,000 
24.600.000 

4.900.000 

2.800,000 
11.100,000 

5.300,000 
34.700.000 

5.400.000 
11,300.000 

3.,'iOO.OOO 
13.800.000 
78.600,000 

5.700,000 
55,300,000 
22.500,000 

7.200,000 
14.600,000 
13.800.000 
21.300.000 
25.600.000 
11,100,000 

8,200,000 

2.400.000 


Value  of  principal  exportsby  commodities,  1907-1911,  in  round  millions : 


$5,300,000 

1.800,000 
10.900,000 
27,600,000 

5,500.000 

4.100.000 
13.800.000 

5,400,000 
37,800.000 

6.700.000 
12.600.000 

3.500,000 
11.300,000 
81,400,000 

7,200,000 
50,100,000 
24,500,000 

7,200,000 
18,900.000 
16.800.000 
23.800,000 
28,100.000 
11.300,000 

8,700,000 

3.500,000 


Commodity 


1907 


1908 


1909 


Sugar 

Tobacco []  [] 

Grains !.'.*!!! 

Vegetables  and  fruits '.'.'..'. 

Furs  and  skins 

Fats .".■■; 

Confectionery 

Malt 

Edibles '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 

Wood  and  woodenware 

Instruments,  clocks  and  machines 

Minerals 

Dyes  and  tanning  materials '.'. . 

Rubber  and  rubier  goods 

Mineral  oils 

Cotton  and  cotton  goods 

Metal  wares [[[\ 

Wool  and  woolen  ware 

Silk  and  silk  goods [ 

Paper  and  paper  goods 

Leather  and  leather  goods 

Glass  and  glass  ware 

Earthenware 

Ironware  and  iron 

Machines  and  electrical  goods 

Vehicles 

Base  metals  and  manuJfactures 

Chemical  products 

Dyes,  medicines 


1910 


$39,500,000 
2,100,000 
12,300.000 
2,300.000 
10.100,000 
4,600,000 
20.100.000 
11.600.000 
2,700.000 
72.200,000 
12.400.000 
9,600,000 
2,200,000 
3,500,000 
4,500.000 
34,300.000 
11,700,000 
27,600,000 
9,300,000 
13,800,000 
13,900,000 
14,500,000 
5,100,000 
19,700.000 
12.400,000 
7,700,000 
5.000,000 
7.500,000 
1.200.000 


1911 


$45,300,000 
2.300.000 
10.800.000 
2.100.000 
12.400.000 
6.700.000 
16,700.000 
11.100.000 
3.000.000 
61.800,000 
11.400.000 
8.300.000 
1,900,000 
3,100.000 
6.500,000 
18.600.000 
9.500.000 
18,300,000 
9,500,000 
12,100,000 
12,300,000 
12,800.000 
4,700.000 
13,300,000 
11.400.000 
3,700.000 
3,700,000 
5,400,000 
1.400,000 


$48,100,000 
2.300.000 
7,200,000 
2,200,000 
17,000.000 
6.600,000 
17,400,000 
9.400,000 
3,200.000 
59.700.000 
11.700.000 
9.100.000 
2.100,000 
3.800.000 
7.300,000 
22,400,000 
10,800,000 
19,900,000 
9,100.000 
11.600.000 
14.200.000 
14.200.000 
4.100,000 
18,300,000 
11,700,000 
3,100,000 
4,000,000 
8,500,000 
1.200,000 


$48,200,000 
2,700,000 
7,900,000 
4,000,000 
14,400,000 
5.600.000 
18,600,000 
9,700.000 
2,900.000 
65,100,000 
13,700,000 
9.000,000 
2.000.000 
4,000,000 
6,700.000 
26,300,000 
13,100,000 
20,600,000 
8,100.000 
12,100,000 
15.800.000 
14.800.000 
4,600,000 
17,900,000 
13,700,000 
4,100,000 
4,800.000 
8,800.000 
1.500.000 


$43,100,000 
2,900.000 
4.600,000 
3,100,000 
14,500.000 
4.700.000 
18,500.000 
11.400.000 
2,700,000 
70,400.000 
15,600,000 
8,500,000 
1,900,000 
4,000,000 
6,600,000 
28,800,000 
12,100.000 
20,700,000 
9,000,000 
12,000,000 
14,000.000 
14.200,000 
4,800.000 
19,900.000 
15,600.000 
5,400.000 
6.100.000 
9,100.000 
1.600,000 


AUSTRIA 


Value  of  imports  by  principal  countries  of  origin.  1906-1910: 

Covmtry 


1906 


1907 


1908 


1909 


Africa 

America .'.'.*.'.'.'] 

Argentine !!...!!!. 

Asia. .'!!."!.'.'" 

Australia ][][ 

Belgium 

Braiil .'  * .' ."  * 

Bremen ' '  ] ' 

British  Possessions  in  Mediterranean 

British  India 

Bulgaria '.'.'..'. 

Canada 

Chile ; ; ; ; ; 

China 

Denmark .'!!.'.*!." 

JVance !..!!!.. 

Germany .'.','.*!! 

Greece [[ 

Great  Britain .'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 

g»{°^"''« : : : 

?»'y 

ijp».° 

Mexico 

Netherlands...::::::::::: 

Norway 

Persia :::::::: 

Roumania : : 

Russia :::::::: 

Sweden :::::: 

Switierland. ... 

^^ ;i::::::::::::::: 

Turkey 

United  States....   : 


$1,991,000 
1.511,000 
3.733,000 
636,000 
2,472,000 
9,423,00b 
10,539,000 
141,000 
32,000 
40,627,000 
1,502,000 
206,000 
2,625,000 
2,001,000 
290,000 
14,985,000 
185,360.000 
48,362,000 
39,558.000 
114,000 
23,551,000 
1.257,000 
157,000 
4,265,000 
1.229,000 
136,000 
7,132,000 
30,279,000 
1.407,000 
19,034,000 
1.774,000 
9,125,000 
43,103,000 


$485,000 

1.800,000 

4,351,000 

371,000 

2,581,000 

9,339,000 

10,601,000 

218,000 

40,000 

37.085.000 

1,214,000 

197.000 

2,736.000 

2.350,000 

526,000 

16,760.000 

198,535,000 

4.838,000 

50,604,000 

348,000 

24,899,000 


256,000 

3.655,000 

1,194.000 

193,000 

6,962,000 

27,939,000 
1.673,000 

22,050,000 
2.072,000 
8,395,000 

47,848.000 


$438,000 
2.851,000 
4,519,000 
1,149.000 
2,402,000 
8,732,000 
9,295,000 
83,000 
102,000 
30,235,000 
914,000 
59,000 
3,162,000 
1.967,000 
332,000 
16,582,000 
202.065,000 
5,289,000 
44.801,000 
251,000 
23,803.060 
1,493,000 
410,000 
3,583,000 
987,000 
163,000 
6,237,000 
25,486,000 
1,728,000 
17,627,000 
2,059,000 
8,251.000 
45,213.000 


$463,000 
2,949.000 
4,282,000 
1,074.000 
3,959.000 
9,962,000 
10.605,000 
17,000 
62.000 
37.742,000 
2,017,000 
197,000 
3,431,000 
2,478,000 
712,000 
19,634,000 
216,326,000 
3,875.000 
45,457,000 
100,000 
24,839,000 
1,455,000 
305,000 
4,452,000 
1,229,000 
488,000 
25,093,000 
36.284,000 
1,426,000 
19,825,000 
2,089,000 
8,785.000 
46,282,000 


Value  of  principal  exports  by  countries  of  destination.  1906-1910: 


Country  of  Destination 


1906 


1907 


Africa . 
America.  . 
Argentine. 
Asia. 

Australia ..:::::::: 

Belgium : : 

Braril :  "  * 

Bremen . .      

iSlsh  f,«i?^o^ in  Mediterranean: 

Bulgaria 

Canada... .  

Chile ::::::: 

China : : : : : 

Denmark  .* :::::: : 

Germany. ....::: 

France : : : 

Greece . . . : 

Great  Britain.'.'. '.'.'.'.'.'.'.[ 

•Hamburg  

Italy...*;;;;;;;;; 

J^pan . 

Mexico       

Netherlands'. : : 

Norway         

Persia  ;.':::; 

Roumania. .. . : : 

Russia ....,.' 

Sweden : : 

Switrerland'.'.:: 

"Dam. .  


1908 


1909 


opa 

J»rkey..:::: 

United  States. 


$4,026,000 
1,147,000 
1,810.000 
153,000 
440,000 
4,972,000 
1,645,000 
1,489,000 
628.000 
15.270,000 
4,637,000 
498.000 
635,000 
3,976.000 
1.447.000 
210,614,000 
15,566,000 
4,301,000 
47,256,000 
20,345,000 
37,999,000 
1,121,000 
508,000 
6,953,000 
359,000 
8,021,000 
24,476,000 
15,221,000 
1.541,000 
30,441,000 
1.280,000 
24,472,000 
1.850,000 


$373,000 
6.480,000 
1.505.000 
175.000 
447,000 
5,342,000 
1.515,000 
1.820,000 
597,000 
10,164,000 
6,124,000 
486,000 
662,000 
1.214,000 
1,455,000 
217,005,000 
15,059,000 
5.584,000 
45,808,000 
21,644,000 
42.256.000 
913.000 
595.000 
6.378,000 
435,000 
257,000 
24,665.000 
17,151.000 
1.515,000 
3,648,000 
1.138,000 
25,883.000 
13,957,000 


$188,000 
1,004.000 
1,576,000 
179,000 
365,000 
4,366,000 
1,328.000 
1.274,000 
749,000 
12,195,000 
4,873,000 
282,000 
200,000 
769,000 
1.450,000 
194,879,000 
13,520,000 
4.407,000 
47,394,000 
17,161,000 
47,407,000 
664,000 
261,000 
6,049,000 
472,000 
281,000 
20,366,000 
15,826,000 
1,212,000 
26,390,000 
1.217,000 
18,138,000 
11,950,000 


$246,000 
830,000 
2,235,000 
79,000 
378,000 
4,549,000 
1,565.000 
1,178,000 
984,000 
12,462,000 
6,782,000 
538,000 
253.000 
918,000 
1.357.000 
194,486,000 
1.439,000 
3,623,000 
49,846,000 
18,159,000 
47,904,000 
1,082,000 
342,000 
5,409,000 
459,000 
445,000 
19,505,000 
16,965,000 
1.522,000 
30,302,000 
1,573,000 
20,237,000 
16.070.000. 


221 


1910 


$2,361,000 
4,002.000 
1,311,000 
3,340,000 
9,773,000 
11,863,000 
66,000 
41,000 
46,036.000 
1,988,000 
59,000 
3,358,000 
2,981,000 
780,000 
22,733,000 
233,751.000 
4.033,000 
47,167.000 
139.000 
26,434,000 
1,680,000 
424,000 
4.459.000 
1,353.000 
371,000 
10,457,000 
33,493,000 
1.834,000 
22,737,000 
2.137.000 
10.406,000 
47.456,000 


1910 


$44,000 
673,000 
3,178,000 
84,000 
459,000 
4,921,000 
2.492,000 
1.087,000 
729,000 
14.759.000 
6,648,000 
630.000 
524.000 
964,000 
1.585,000 
198,436,000 
15,727,000 
4,906,000 
46,815,000 
18,563,000 
47,103.000 
1,057,000 
415,000 
5,312,000 
438,000 
554,000 
21,997.000 
20,161,000 
1.472,000 
36,372.000 
1,700,000 
27,657,000 


I 


m 


222 


^ EXPORTERS  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


The  percentage  relation  of  Austria's  imports  from  principal  countries  for  five 


j^ears: 


1906 


1907 


1908 


Germany. 
United  States. 
Great  Britain. 

India 

Italy 

Russia 

France 

Brasil 

Switierland.  .  , 
Belgium . 


1909 


38.8 
9.2 
8.1 
7.9 
5.0 
6.5 
3.4 
2  3 
3.2 
2.0 


39.4 

9.5 

9.5 

8.4 

4.9 

6.5 

3.3 

2.1 

3.1 

1.8 

41.8 
9.2 
9.0 
6.8 
4.9 
5.3 
3.4 
1.9 
2.8 
1.8 


39.1 
8.4 
8.0 
7.2 
4. ft 
6.6 
3.5 
1.9 
2.6 
1.8 


1910 


39.9 
8.1 
8.0 
7.9 
4.5 
6.7 
3.9 
2.0 
3.9 
1.7 


I        ^-tf  1-8  1.8  1.8  1.7 

The  percentage  relation  of  Austria's  exports  to  principal  countries  for  five  years: 

190«  1907  1908  1909  1910 


Germany 

United  States. 
Great  Britain. 

India 

Italy 

Russia 

France 

Roumania. . . 

Turkey 

Swi  tier  land... 


47.6 

47.7 

2.5 

2  7 

9.8 

9.2 

3.1 

2.4 

7.5 

7.9 

2.9 

3.2 

3.2 

3.0 

4.3 

4.6 

4.8 

4.5 

3.5 

3.8 

46.5 
2.6 

10.4 
2.5 

10.1 
3.2 


2 
4 

3. 
4. 


46.2 

38.3 

3.6 

3.2 

10.6 

9.0 

2  5 

2.8 

10.1 

9.1 

3.3 

3.8 

3.0 

3.0 

4.0 

4.2 

4.0 

4.0 

4  0 

6.2 

Prodnctioii  and  Industi7 
AgricuUure:    Statistics  exclude  Czechoslovakia  and  ceded  territory. 

Prom  the  agrarian  point  of  view,  the  only  part  of  Austria  having  any  real  value  is  that 

^wXpe^r^'^'*"'"'"'^''^-    ^'•"■"'-"PPe'Austriaiaowned^cipaUy 
foUo^/*''  ^^  °"°''^'  °^  agricultural  holdings  was  815,576.    They  were  distributed  as 


Sise  of  holdings 
(1  hectare  2.47  acres) 


Hectares 


0-2 


2-6 


5-20 


20-50 


50-100 


No.  of  holdings... 
Area  (in  acres) . . . 


472,630 
645,472 


100-500       over  500 


11 5.. 390 
923,782 


156,778 
4,282.585 


57,237 
4,167,205 


8.741 
1.394.167 


5.039 
2.498.822 


1,161 
7,652,637 


In  1911  the  subdivision  of  the  soil  was  as  follows  (in  acres) : 


Province 


Arable  land 


Gardens 


Vineyards 


Lower  Austria 
Upper  Austria 

Salsburg 

Styria 

Carinthia . . . 
Tyrol 


Meadows 


2,151,380 

1.050,742 

153.957 

1,058,062 

353,485 

345,682 


Woods 


Lakes,  etc. 


76,957 
59,432 

4,567 
60,325 
10,030 

9,920 


92.582 


76,515 

133 

34.575 


750,742 
629.721 
755,640 

1.333.785 
837,600 

2.397.337 


1.700.740 
1.019.372 
579.770 
2,688.062 
1.139.740 
2,591.500 


4,890 

15,425 

16,462 

4.807 

4.725 

16,772 


AUSTRIA 


223 


The  area  in  acres  under  principal  crops,  by  provinces,  in  1911  was  as  follows: 


Lower 
Austria 


Upper 
Austria 


Salibuig 


Wheat 

Rye 

Barley*. . . 
Oats. ... .. 

Maize 

Potatoes. . 
Beet  Sugar 


Styria 


202.510 
565.027 
188,300 
442,085 

41,085 
269,070 

37,670 


Carinthia 


Tyrol 


1.345,672 

221,607 

94,232 

213,927 

21.130 

27,920 

2,567 

19,355 

162,940 

182,500 

49,837 

156,860 

98.192 

83.937 

34.425 
81,230 
18,022 
64,305 
17,510 
25.026 



33.642 
63.886 
20.130 
15.832 

79,972 

1.862 

31,235 
36.432 

Produce  of  principal  crops  (in  tons)  by  provinces,  in  1911: 


Province 


Ijower  Austria . 
Upper  Austria . 

Salzburg 

Styria 

Carinthia 

Tyrol 


157.484 
88,764 
13.341 
95.905 
23.649 
25.161 


378.624 
151,153 
21,743 
96,645 
52,390 
53,239 


105,408 
54,240 
1,829 
26.991 
11,079 
15,191 


241,678 

126,510 

968 

90.186 

38.364 

9,863 


25,328 


54,709 

9,913 

26,647 


1,838 
83 


338 
159 
652 


7,818 
126 
276 
6,799 
2,728 
3,455 


Livestock,  by  provinces,  according  to  the  census  of  1910: 


603.097 
735,486 
7,365 
215.918 
78,053 
209.832 


307.682 


Horses 
Cattle. 
Sheep. 
Swine. 


62.003 
552,877 

32.204 
355,207 


145.107 

609,509 

44,619 

709,549 


Note:  In  1911  there  were  4,047.71 
to  3.521,687  pounds. 


11.710 

128,618 

35,991 

22.583 


62.408 
683.443 

86,708 
836,520 


30.020 
222,383 

71.316 
185.595 


22.558 
412.667 
150.903 

99.550 


beehives  in  Austria.     The  production  of  honey  and  honeycomb  amounted 
F(yrestry:    Statistics  exclude  Czecho-Slovakia  and  ceded  territory 

Acreage  of  forests  under  principal  ownei^hips.  by  provinces,  in  1911: 


Province 


State 
Forests 


Under 

State 

Admin. 


Com- 
munal 
Forests 


J^)wer  Austria. 

^pper  Austria, 
^aliburg 

Carinthia.... ! 

Styria 

Tyrol 


District 
Forests 


Other 
public 
Forests 


72,692 
149.997 
294,488 

35,017 
138.782 
286.887 


Church 
Forests 


Forests 
belong- 
ing to 
associa- 
tions 


5.955 

60.702: 

297 

33,967; 

64.437 

l,160l 


72,062 
5,150 
20,647 
18,107 
31,905 
1.447,265 


Prop, 
in  trust 


490 

152 

155 

75 

38,470 

1,150 


Private 
Forests 


11,897 

605 

30 

655 

517 

2,457 


111,667 

41.575 

3.285 

33,075 

123,452 
32,200 


49.727 
8,015 
12,045 
65.215 
99.815 
104.862 


340.957 
84.285 


114,557 

61.397 

2,435 


104,606 
669.407 
24.667 
839.700 
2.065.177 
713.095 


Yield  of  timber  and  firewood,  by  provinces,  in  1911: 


Timber  (cubic  yds.). . 
*'«rewood  (cubic  yds.) 


1.446,471 
2,065,310 


860.366 
1,090,739 


412,132 
467,845 


1.806,610 
1.747,590 


1,209.278 
995.751 


1.215.630 
1.413.750 


fining:    Statistics  exclude  Czecho-Slovakia  and  ceded  territorv 


^i 


224 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


!^H  i^^^^T  'i"'*"c '  ®*^'  '^^^^  ^^  ^^^^^>  ^°^  ^^  Lower  Austria;  lignite  in  Unner 
and  Lower  Austna.  Styna,  Carinthia  and  Tyrol;  and  iron  ore  in  Salzbunr.  StfT^rl^T! 


Salzburg,  Styria,  Carinthia 
Number  of  mining  establishments,  the  annual  production  in  tons,  and  the  value  of 


and  Tyrol. 

Numb 
the  produce: 


Mberal 

Lower  Austria 

Upper  Austria 

Saliburg 

No. 

Production 

Value 

No. 

Production 

Value 

No. 

Production 

Value 

Coal 

Lignite 

Iron  Ore.  .  .  . 
Gold  Ore 

&.".:::;::: 

Zinc 

Tin ; 

Sulphur 

Graphite 

Asphalt 

6 
3 

"5" 

46,461 
24,453 

747 

$204,310 
$49,425 

5.758 

"2" 

243,128 

$591,666 

..... 

2 
3 

6.634 

4,7i9 

'$19,703 

i4i;47i 

Coal 

Lignite 

Iron  Ore.., 
Gold  Ore.. 

Zinc 

Tin 

Sulphur.. . 

Graphite 

Asp 


Ehite. 
alt.  . 


37 
5 

6* 

1 

1 

•   •   •   • 

1 

4 


1.782,053 
1,062,858 


15 
272 

2,4i7 
6.976 


$4,786,037 
2.544,255 


168 
7,962 

8.832 
106,028 


5 
2 
1 
1 
9 


II 


80,763 
30.332 

"i88 
10,436 
18.242 


$203,229 
78.118 

900 

660.395 
382.773 


Number  of  employees  in  the  mining  industry: 


3 
2 

'e' 
2 


20,138 

958 

25 

563 

■   •••■• 

867 
'433 


$88,952 

•   •••••• 

2,990 

1.187 

14,338 

3,975 

7,878 


Mineral 


Lower 
Austria 


Upper 
Austria 


Salxburg 


Coal 

Lignite 

Iron 

Other  minerals. 


Total. 


533 

217 

9 

35 


794 


Styria 


Carinthia        Tyrol 


Total 


1,587 


1,587 


73 
631 


704 


14.112 

3.156 

310 


17,578 


758 

351 

2.854 


3.963 


282 
2 

489 


773 


533 

16.956 

3,591 

4.319 


25,399 


Fisheries: 

and  IhVl';e\arerarch'*!^,'rSrm  '  'd""'  ^?  "'^'"^'  '■"  *"•'  '""™^  ^''«"«'' 
DersonoanH  ■!  9finK     *  ?•  ^\^*'^-    ^^urmg  the  same  season,  there  were  16,498 

persons  and  5,260  boats  engaged  m  the  winter  fisheries;  the  value  of  the  catch  being  1744,238 . 
Manufactures:  *         ' 

,  ns7''*'*  ^^"^  'I  ^^^l'  ^  '"*''  "'  '^'<^  f«<"°"««  ^  the  kingdom  of  Austria  of  which 

stS!  TIoTnT^"  *t'  T"""=*""  °'  '"'**"^  "«^  «"«'■  2.7^  »  textiles  2  370  n'^- 
stuffs,  1,669  m  woodwork  and  cane,  1,644  in  metal,  1,182  in  machinery  and  1,004  n chemicals. 
In  the  same  year  there  were  1.069  breweries,  which  produced  556,^55,507  Sons  o"^r 


AUSTRIA 


2a 

SL;^S'p:^^S-,SV^^^^^^^^  ^-  ^t  sugar  factories 

.jor^mploying  37,660  pe.ons,  which  Si' ^'^^ ^^l^^Z^l^^Z 

Vienna  is  dependent  on  surroundinu  territorv  >.nj  f i.       . -. 
materials.    An  industry  whose  products  are  k^o™^  '•  aJ??"^;  ''°'"  ^°'  ^'^  "^d  'aw 
for  the  past  fifty  years.    This  Wust^  ^.^^Taw  m^    f^.u'  ^'*'^*"  ^  fl^-^hed 
wood,  leather,  bronze,  wool  and  cottoZ  **"*"'  ^^  °"»'  important  being 

Capital  invested  in  various  industries  in  lOin-  .u    e 
Austria:  """'"^  '"  »9>0'  the  figures  include  the  old  kingdom  of 


Building  Companies . 
Building  material. . . . 
Mining  and  furnaces! 

Breweries 

Steam  mills 

Alcohol,  starch. ..'..., 

Sugar 

Other  foodstuffs. . . . . 
Chemicals 

Electricity ;;;; 

Gas 

Glass,  porcelain  "and  stone 


Kind  of  Industry 


$7,023,200 
11,755.600 
99,496,800 
29,732,600 
148,000 
4,178,600 
23,488,200 
2,192.800 
23,345,200 
16.019,200 
3,457.800 
7,045,000 


Woodland  woodenware 

Machines,  metalwaresand kppaituses 

Paper  and  printing;:::: 

1  rade  associations  

Hotels  and  baths      

InrrTce"''""  (exceptR.R:)/.: 

Textiles..'.;::::: 

Shipping  companies: : : : : : : : — 


Capital 


$3,650,000 
2.720.000 
48,012,800 
2,030.000 
18,249.200 
9.027.000 
5,825,600 
6,097,600 
15.220,000 
28,481,200 
24,854,000 


Railways,  Roads,  Rivers: 

Mile^llS  li^^S  prSk't'u^t  i!r "''^  '-  ">«  ""^  '^"«<'o-  of  Austria) 
5,673  mUes;  foreign  VailwarS-tS'*  Gor^^T^f' ^^ 
motn^es,  11,578  passenger  ca«,  ni,898  freight,.     SU'^^  "^  ^'^^O  loc^: 
3,183  passenger  and  36,669  freight  cars     In  IfliaTh^^       ^»    ^^  ^^  ^-^''^  locomotives 
»nd  974  miles  of  river  navigable  for"  teamen       *'''^  "'''^  ^^'^^  ^^  of  improved  r^ 

Post  Offices.  Telegraphs,  Telephones: 

(Statistics  for  old  kingdom  of  Austria  1     Th«, 
^.3  the  milage  of  telegraph  lines  tZtLfof^i^'l't^'^'r''-"'  Post  offices.    In 
"ban  and  950  interurban  telephone  systems     rlT,'  k  ^^^'^  ^^^  m  1914,  1  475 

W-;  the  interurban,  54,098  m^lee.    ^::Zt^Z\2^Z't^lV.'''''  "^ 
Money,  Weights  and  Measures:  '      '      ' 

h  fll'^L'^'"'™"  monetary  system  was  on  the  gold  basis     Th.  .    ■.  / 
i'the  krone  or  crown,  worth  at  par    $0  202  rfnff^o.  T     """' ^°ot  coined  in  gold) 
"equal  to  100  heUer.    Gold  coins  are  IM  ^a^d  10^,^ ^'*'  "^'"'y-      The  l^ne 
P-eces.    Nickel  are  20  and  10  heUer.    Z^^mZ^!^'    '•''^*' ''"^  5,  2, 1  cro^ 

The  metric  system  of  weights  and  measures  is  used  in  foi^ign  trade. 

The  old  weights  and  measures,  stiU  used  to  a  sliafif  ^« 

W,  12.49  wine  gaUons;  Joch.  l.«  acrTs^er,  g  cu';::*!^^:?;^^'^  '~"°*'- 
language;  German. 


226 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


AZORES 


227 


i' 


Shipping  Routes: 

Since  Austria  has  no  seaport  shipments  for  that  country  are  sent  via  Trieste,  or  via 
German  and  other  European  ports. 

Customs  Tariff: 

In  the  former  Austria-Hungarian  tariff  the  duties  were  determined  from  the  commercial 
treaties  concluded  between  Austria-Hungary  and  various  countries.  There  were  over 
650  articles  enumerated  in  the  conventional  tariff,  and  for  most  of  these  the  duties  were 
specific,  based  on  the  unit  of  100  kilos. 

Cable  Rates:  From  New  York  or  New  England  states,  $0.32  per  word. 
Postal  Rates:  Postal  Union  rates. 
Mail  Time:  Nine  days. 

Parcel  Post:  Service  extends  to  Austria.     Limit  of  weight,  eleven  pounds. 
Money  Orders:  Not  issued. 
International  Reply  Coupons:  Issued. 

AZORES 

The  Azores,  an  archipelago  belonging  to  Portugal,  are  situated  in  the  Atlantic  Ocean; 
the  nearest  continental  land  is  Capada  Roca  on  the  Portuguese  coast  850  miles  to  the  east 
of  St.  Michael's.  Cape  Cantin  on  the  African  coast  is  900  miles  distant,  while  Cape  Race 
in  Newfoundland  is  more  than  1,000  miles  away. 

They  are  divided  into  three  widely  severed  groups:  The  southeastern  one  consisting 
of  St.  Michael's,  St.  Mary  and  Formigas;  the  central  of  Fayal,  Pico,  St.  George,  Terceira 
and  Graciosa;  and  the  northwestern  of  Flores  and  Corvo.  Their  area  is  922  square  miles, 
population  approximately  256,291.  St.  Michael's  is  the  largest  and  most  populous  of  the 
islands,  with  an  area  of  297  square  miles  and  population  of  121,340. 

The  most  important  exports  of  the  Azores  are  fruits,  wines,  mineral  waters  and  pro- 
visions. The  trade  in  pineapples  is  especially  important.  Pottery,  cotton  fabrics,  spirits, 
straw  hats,  and  tea  are  produced  in  the  vicinity  of  Ponta  Delgada;  linen,  woolen  goods, 
cheese,  butter,  soap,  tiles,  and  bricks  in  that  of  Angra;  baskets,  mats  and  various  ornamental 
objects  made  from  straw,  osier  and  pith  of  dried  fig-wood,  in  that  of  Horta. 

Commerce 

Value  of  the  total  foreign  trade  of  the  United  States  with  the  Azores,  and  Madeira 
Islands,  for  seven  years: 


Year 
Ended 

Exports 

Imports 

Excess  of 
Exports  (♦) 

June 
30 

Domestic 

Foreign 

Total 

Free 

Dutiable 

Total 

Per 
Cent. 
Free 

or 
Imports  (-) 

1913... 
1914... 
1915... 
1916... 
1917... 
1918. . . 
1919 

$237,930 
229.923 
88,614 
278,841 
346.895 
172,042 

$372 
10,800 

3,198 
14,654 
18,787 

7,472 

$238,302 
240,723 
91,812 
293.495 
365.682 
179.514 
353.828 

$3,839 
12,059 
17,390 
13,808 
9.014 
7,711 

$319,760 

525,122 

514,148 

779,641 

1,432,992 

1,506,343 

$323,599 

537.181 

531,538 

793.449 

1,442.006 

1,514,054 

1,553,773 

1.19 
2.25 
3.27 
1.74 
.62 
.51 

-$85.27 

-296.4.=)S 

-439.72»> 

-499,954 

-1,076,324 

-1,334,540 

-1,199,845 

Portugal  supplies  most  of  the  imports  into  the  Azores,  with  Great  Britain  second  and 
the  United  States  third.  The  figures  given  are  for  the  islands  of  St.  Michael's,  Fayal,  and 
Terceira,  and  the  totals  include  the  values  of  articles  entering  into  the  trade  between 
Azores  ports,  resulting  in  some  duplication. 


Total  from  all  countries  for  1915  and  1916: 


Articles 


Total — Imports 


1915 


1916 


Articles 


Total — Imports 


1915 


Bags 

Barley 

Biscuits 

Boots  and  shoes 

Candles 

Cement 

Cheese 

Chemical  products 

Coal 

Vi^7D  vv  •••••••«■•••■  ••••••.< 

V/OKO  •••••••••••••••■•••••, 

Copper 

Drugs 

Earthenware 

Fertilisers 

Fish 

Flour 

Furniture 

Gasoline 

Glass  and  glassware 

Hats 

Iron  and  ironwork 

Leather  and  leather  goods . . . 

Liquora 

Machinery    and   agricultuial 

implements 

Matches 


$4,775 
12,953 

4.482 
19.014 

9.628 


28.626 

376.851 

6.634 

1.120 


9.594 

14,897 

16,349 

27,898 

49,626 

6,811 

1,684 

73,852 

2,346 

92.331 

70,243 


4.611 


$27,879 
15.183 
6.576 
4,056 
9,431 
6,454 
27.057 
12,862 
1,116,257 
10,032 
7,207 
2.611 
11.017 
7.613 
19.299 
38.242 
167.545 
9.439 
9,978 
6,735 
4.086 
22.433 
48,488 
10,297 


1916 


16,320 
30.097 


Molasses 

Motor  cars  and  parts 

OU,  lubricating 

Paints 

Paper 

Petroleum '.'.'.'., 

Rice '.'.'... 

Rope  and  cordage ...... 

Rubber  goods  and  tires. 

Salt 

Seeds  and  plants 

Sewing  machines 

Soap: 

Common .... 

Toilet ['.'.', 

Spices ' 

Sugar ..'.".',". 

Sweets .'  1 ! !  .*  .* 

Textiles,  wool .*..'.. 

Tobacco \\ 

Tools  and  hardware. . .    * 

Wheat ; 

Terceira  imports  n.  e.  s. 
All  other  articles 


Total. 


1.299 

7,852 
25,566 

8,391 
58,563 
31,053 
11,371 

1,990 
849 

'  5,035 
7,923 

54,691 

2,735 

12,579 

42,710 

12,941 

457,759 

25.993 

21.382 

55,643 

531.060 

403,251 


$2,623,961 


Value  of  the  principal  exports  in 
and  from  Horta,  Fayal: 


4,593 

9,586 

10,298 

5.401 

23,773 

47,418 

12.244 

3.818 

8,660 

28,840 

70.638 

1,747 

39.965 

3,418 

4,697 

46,674 

6,951 

417,931 

177,261 

20.002 

825 

1,273.245 

216,783 

$4,082,062 


1914, 1915  and  1916  from  Ponta  Delgada,  St.  Michael's 


Articles 


Ponta  Delgada 


1914 


1915 


1916 


Alcohol 

Beans 

Hides 

Indian  Corn.  . 
Mineral  water. 

Oil 

Oxen 

Pineapples. 

Potatoes. 

Sugar. 

Tea 

Tobacco 

All  other  articles . 


$80,496 

243,067 

9,093 

72.283 

12,888 


$60,134 
117,145 

11,647 
267,481 

12,476 

12,476 

991 

419,165 

5,499 

215.544 

73,760 
224,754 

61.586 


122,783 

414,425 

21.635 

34.957 

5.396 

36,750' 
19,244 

.8,688 
354.606 

60,536 
296,152 

50,914 


228 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Nationality  and  tonnage  of  vessels  arriving  and  departing: 


Ponta  Delgada 

Nationality 

1915                                                   1916 

AnriAric&n 

Number 
15 
141 

■36* 

•  •  ■  • 

•  •   •  • 

•  •  ■  ■ 

14 
115 

"i" 

10 
33 

359 

Tods 
27.566 
845.199 

'  143,966" 

25,489 
126,629 

2,i45 
37.073 
97.559 

1,305.560 

Number 

30 

115 

10 

28 

12 

47 

5 

20 

118 

8 

•  ■  •  • 

is' 

410 

Tons 
67,332 

British   

656.259 

Danish        

20.669 

French     

140,936 

Greek            

41,884 

ItaliAn       

325.141 

JanAnesA           

26,215 

NorwAirian 

44,752 

Pnrtusruese         

135.080 

Snftnish       

23.365 

Rpliriftn            

rhitch               

All  other  countries 

44.515 

Total 

1.526.148 

Horta 

Nationality 

1915 

1916 

Ampripan 

14 
45 

11 
28 

is' 

42 

•   ■   •    • 

24 
177 

56.036 
151.635 

36.421 
145.951 

'34.396 
77.602 

"■6JB".9ii 

570,952 

19 
49 
30 
29 
12 
29 
33 
10 
27 

238 

31,750 

Rritish      

134.907 

Dutrh            

85,355 

French              

146,275 

TtAliAn             

78.977 

Nonvpffian    .-. 

63,446 

PortuflTuese      

75,875 

Tlimsi.in            

16.202 

All  othftr  countriBS 

73.164 

Total 

705.951 

Angra 

Nationality 

1915 

1916 

British 

French   

Number 
5 
20 
121 

•  •  ■  • 

137 

Tons 
53,076 
129,594 
110.853 

Number 

•  •   •  • 

16 

111 

2 

129 

Tons 
'9l',i45 

'Prirf  11C71IPAA 

126,659 

All  other  countries 

1.001 

Total 

293.523 

218.808 

Consular  Representatives:  United  States  has  a  consul  stationed  at  St.  Michael's. 

Shipping  Routes: 
Fabre  Line. 
Customs  Tariff:  Same  as  for  Portugal. 
Consular  Regulations:  Same  as  for  Portugal. 

Cable  Rates:  From  New  York  or  New  England  states,  $0.52  per  word. 
Postal  Rates:  Postal  Union  rates. 
Mail  Time:  Ten  days. 
Parcel  Post:  Service  extends  to  the  Azores. 
Money  Orders:  Issued. 
International  Reply  Coupons:  Not  Issued. 


BELGIUM 


229 


)■' 


BELGIUM 

thp  r  ""T^"^  ^  northeastern  Europe  bounded  by  the  North  Sea,  Holland,  Germany, 
coun?r  ?u^^  t  ^r^^"'^'  ^°^  ^'^'^^-  ^^^«i^  i«  *h«  '"^st  thickly  populated 
^II^iTmUe  ^"^^^  ""^  population  in  pre-war  years  averaging  652  to  the 

nor^nW^'^T  ^l'  ^"^^^^  ^^"^  ^'^^^y  developed  industriaUy,  and  a  greater  portion  of  her 
popmation  hM  been  engaged  in  manufacturing  industries  than  is  the  caae  with  any  other 
country.    In  the  past  her  principal  manufacturing  industries  have  included  the  production 


230 


EXPORTERS  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


of  iron  and  steel,  the  construction  of  steam  and  gas  engines,  automobOes,  and  machinery 
of  aU  kmds,  centermg  at  Charleroi  and  Liege,  the  production  of  rinc,  glass  and  chemicals 
and  the  very  importaiit  textile  industry.     Coal  mining  is  of  great  importance.    Agriculture' 
the  breedmg  of  cattle,  dairy  farming  and  the  growing  of  fruit,  flowers  and  vegetables  ar^ 
extensively  earned  on. 

The  principal  cities  are  Brussels,  Antwerp,  Li^ge,  Charleroi,  Ghent  and  Verviers 
The  per  capita  imports  of  Belgium  in  1913  amounted  to  $120  20     The  per  capita 

$213.87.    Of  the  total  unports  in  1912  the  United  States  supplied  8  per  cent. 
Area  and  Population 


Provinces 


Antwerp  (Anvere) 
Brabant 

Hainaut 

Liege 


Area 

square 
miles 


Population 


I 


Provinces 


1,093 
1,268 
1,249 
1,158 
1,437 
1,117 


Area 

square 

miles 


Population 


968,677 
1,469,677 

874,135 
1,120,335 
1,232,867 

888,341 


Limbourg .  .  . 
Luxembourg , 
Namur 


Total 


Principal  cities  with  population  in  1912: 


931 
1,706 
1,414 


11.373 


275.601 
231.215 
362.846 

7,423.784 


Brussels.      663,647 

Antwerp  (Anvers) 

Liege 

Ghent  (Gand) 

Malines  (Mechlin) 

Verviers 

Bruges 

Louvain 

Seraing 


312,884 
170,634 
167,477 
59,735 
45,964 
53,635 
42,482 
41.833 


Tournai.  .  .  . 
Courtrai . . . . 

Namur 

Ostend 

St.  Nicholas 
Aloet 


37,349 

3'i,029 

32,453 

43,002 

35,128 

rfc.^«^-; 27,805 


Charleroi . 


29,452 


Commerce 
Value  of  the  total  foreign  trade  of  the  United  States  with  Belgium  for  11  years: 


Year 

ended 

Jtme 

30 


Exports 


Domestic 


Foreign 


Total 


Imports 


Free 


Dutiable 


Total 


1909 
1910 
1911 
1912 
1913 
1914 
1915 
1916 
1917 
1918 
1919 


$44,246,404 
40,234,674 
44,214,231 
50.258,463 
65,323.465 
59,506,535 
20,581,789 
21.848,114 
37,098,914 
94,328,804 


Per 

cent 
free 


Excess  of 
Exports  (♦) 

or 
imports  (-) 


$846,599 

881,911 

802,391 

1,129,155 

1,521,997 

1.713,359 

80,526 

"  *2'69,683 
1,061,891 


$45,093,003 
41,116,585 
45,016,622 
51,387,618 
66,845,462 
61,219,894 
20,662,315 
21,848,114 
37,367,997 
95,390,695 

322,940,837 


$8,766,536 

15,787,389 

13,959,789 

19,599,393 

17,381,219 

19,711,115 

4,390,095 

220,324 

90,874 

5 


$18,627,382 

24,271,892 

23,124,954 

22,078,025 

24,.=159,795 

21,324,417 

5,832,765 

1,258,255 

938,387 

80,048 


Trade  of  Belgium  for  the  first  seven  months  of  1919: 


$27,393,918 

32.00 

40,059,281 

39.41 

37,o84.743 

37.64 

41.677,418 

47.03 

41.941,014 

41.44 

41,035,532 

48.03 

10,222,860 

42.94 

1,478.579 

14.90 

1.029,261 

8.82 

80,a'i3 

647,860 

$♦17,699,085 

♦  1,057,304 

♦  7.931,879 

♦  9,710,200 
♦24,904.448 
♦20.184.362 
♦10.439.455 
+20.369,535 
♦36.338.736 
♦95.310.642 

♦322.292.971 


Articles 


Imports 


Live  animals .  . 
Foodstuffs.  . .  . 
Raw  material . 
Manufacturers. 


Total .  ,  .  .  . 
Total  trade. 


Ex 


PORTS 


$  11.260,393 
134.487,611 
101.902.649 
178,197.479 

$425,848,1.32 


$  147.838 
29,784.918 
60,755.242 
23,341,034 

$114,029,032 
$539,877,163 


BELGIUM 


231 


Value  of  the  total  foreign  trade  of  Belgium  for  4 


years: 


Year 


1911. 
1912. 


$876,447,151 
963,836,988 


Note:— ©First  six  months. 


I 


$696,019,967 
768,167,430 


1913... 
1914  ® 


$891,056,700 
447,732,360 


$695,334,780 
360,412,740 


desti!rrj:t:;L^^«'"-  '''^''  '^'--"^^  "^  ^'^^^'^  --'"-  of  on^  and 


Imports  from 


1911 


1912 


France 

United  States 

Great  Britain  and  Ireland 

Netherlands 

Germany 

British  India 

Russia 

Roumania 

Argentine  ELepublic 


Exports 


TO 


1911 


1912 


$142,563,503 
65,894,639 
84,190,460 
57,555.881 
116,261.849 
51,650,102 
61,399,348 
47,331.127 
52,559,304 


$175,257,264 
79,868,997 
97,589,678 
68,818,589 
135,702,160 
48,163,343 
52,559,111 
38,785,666 
58,966,132 


$134,155,265 

21,998,526 

86,150,091 

68,002,778 

185.150.883 

7,648,631 

12,912,472 

4,686,619 

16,056,573 


$145,196,602 

28,009,704 

114,762,625 

70,946.607 

194.441,517 

7,  8795,077 

16.114,728 

3,429,803 

17.883.573 


Principal  articles  of  import  and  export   (special  commerce)   for 


two  years: 


Imports 


Wool 

Wheat.  . 
Cotton. .  . 
Raw  hides 
Coal 

l^^J^ 26,836,071 

i^A^Dber |    25,988,222 

21,021,560 
28.111.608 


$82,725,397 
77,567,279 
40,901,911 
34,704.874 
28,642,937 


Flax. 

Seeds 

Building  wood .  . 

Coffee 

Chemical  products 


23,753,282 
16,725,959 
23,269,624 


$79,168,214 
75,884,898 
40,611,060 
36,507,008 
31,257.701 
21,312.025 
28,038,355 
19,429,889 
33,335,925 
24,029,465 
17,916.190 
27,347,328 


Wool 

Flax 

Flax  yaruB ... 

Zinc 

Raw  hides .... 
Railway  and 

cars 

Rubber 

Iron      (hammered 
rolled)  and  steel 
Wheat 

Coal ; ; ; ; 

Cotton 


tramway 


and 


$76,428,193 
27,092,375 
25,286,474 
23,163,281 
23,108.276 

23,125,453 
21,219,385 

50,594,757 
18,067,116 
17,815.637 
15,185,017 


$67,645,921 
25.634.839 
22,079,586 
18,045,307 
21.690,112 

18,312,612 
21.085,057 

48,503,795 
14,1] 2,739 
17,412.460 
16,279,164 


Production  and  Industry 
Agriculture: 

0!  the  total  area  of  727,560  acres,  428,834  were  under  cultivation  in  IQl^      tk 
principal  crops  were  wheat,  398,735  acres,  450,184  tons;  barley  85  0S9  1?      <,,  If '    ^^ 
oats,  12,353,477  acres,  779,625  tons;  rye   648  727  acres  Sgofif;  ^'  *^'*^  *<""'• 

acres  3,200,^2  tons;  su^r  beet,  131,^7  ^^^l^ZX;  ^"'^1^871'''''' 
7,«)9tons.  nax  u.  an  important  crop  in  the  district  drained  by  the  Lv»  rf  '^"^ 
128  809  acres  of  forest  land,  and  47,039  acres  of  uncultivat^  uLd  tZ  ^  T" 
holdings  are  about  2>^  acres.  w™rea  land.    The  average  farm 

Livestock  in  1913  included  267,159  horses,  1,412,290  pies  1  840  ion  „  .^i       ^  . 
percent  of  the  population  is  engaged  in  agriculture     TI^^^^^eT^h    "^"^  *" 
eatnnated  at  1135,100,000.     Horeebreeding  is  practised  e^^yjf'^  ILXTZ^ 


'4 


232 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


rich  plains  bordering  the  Scheldt  (Escaut)  and  its  affluents,  and  various  crops  are  likewise 
raised  there. 

The  Campine,  the  northwest  portion  of  the  country,  embracing  the  provinces  of  Ant- 
werp and  Limbourg,  had,  before  the  war,  become  the  center  of  the  dairy  industry  Rabbit 
raismg  waa  extensively  practised  in  the  provinces  of  Flanders,  and  many  were  exported 
annually,  prmcipally  to  England.  There  were  6,055  acres  devoted  to  orchards  Near 
Ghent  300  acres  were  devoted  to  the  growing  of  flowers  principaUy  for  export  The 
growmg  of  flowers  for  the  cut  flower  markets  of  the  cities  was  also  an  extensive  industry 
in  the  environs  of  Brussels  and  Antwerp. 

Manufactures: 

The  following  table  shows  the  principal  industries  of  Belgium,  and  the  number  of 
persons  employed  in  each  industry  before  the  war,  and  indicates  the  general  importance 
of  the  plants  as  measured  by  the  horsepower  used: 


Industries 


Total  number 

of  persons 
occupied  (a) 


Total  number 
laborers 
working 
in  shops 


Total  number 
laborers 
working 
at  home 


Mines 

Quarries ' 

Iron  works 

Bricks,  pottery 

Glass  making " , 

Chemical  plants ] . 

Food  products 

Textiles r '.'.'.'.'.'. 

Clothing ..'.'. 

Building  trades .'. . 

Woodland  furniture \ , 

Hides  and  leather \ , 

Tobacco '//' 

Paper 

Printing 

Art v.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 

Miscellaneous  industries \ . 

Transportation,  exclusive  of  State  railwaj^. 


Total 


128,313 
38.969 

134,333 

7.774 

22.797 

20.715 

90.443 

169.778 

137,966 
93.577 
88.457 
57.702 
12,034 
9.448 
14.W9 
9,611 
24.435 
41,873 

1,102.274 


121.993 
35.102 
98.955 

7.083 
21.699 
17,622 
57,359 
81,103 
37.210 
62.607 
39.726 
17.590 

9.731 

8.370 
10.706 

6.502 
13.658 
16.9.59 

663,975 


530 

7,675 

11 

48 

2 

76,757 

13,657 

"2,364 

12.410 

445 

165 

'267 
4.409 


118.620 


Total 

horsepower 

of  steam,  gas, 

and  paraffin 

motors 


134,415 

20,302 

75.600 

3.111 

12.781 

15.279 

64,590 

67,481 

848 

5,775 

7,428 

3,087 

478 

10.759 

1.336 

1,233 

8.642 

195.110 

628,255 


Note:  (a)  Comprises,  principals,  employes  and  laborers.  ~  '  ~ 

Mines  and  Metals: 

Pig  iron  production  for  4  years,  in  tons:  1913,  2,723,600;  1914,  1,599  840-  1915 
74,965;  1916,  140,607.    Steel  production  for  4  years,  in  tons:  1913,  2,713  293  (includine 
68,035  of  steel  castings);  1914,  1,496,000;  1915,  121,198;  1916,  151,250.     There  were  60 
blast  furnaces  m  1914,  of  which,  on  August  1  of  that  year,  49  were  in  operation     In  Nov- 
ember,  1918,  there  were  only  6  left.     In  1911  there  were  working  46  furnaces  out  of  49 
consummg  2,404,600  tons  of  coke,  and  5,986,805  tons  of  ore  of  which  60,214  tons  wer^ 
nu^edin  Belgium,  3,812,690  were  imported  from  France,  1,580,261  from  Luxemburg  and 
266,514  from  Germany.    The  output  was  2,250,908  tons.     In  1913  there  were  30  steel 
manufacturing  plants  with  25  open  hearth  furnaces  and  76  Bessemer  converters  and  mills 
with  a  production  of  over  2,500,000  tons;  there  were  also  119  puddUng  furnaces  with  a 
production  of  300,000  tons.    In  the  production  of  iron  there  were,  in  1913,  19  plants  and 
producmg  2,500,000  tons  of  pig  iron  chiefly  for  steel  works.     The  zinc  deposits  of  Bel'gium 
have  been  exhausted  for  some  years,  but  in  1911  Belgium  was  the  third  nation  of  the  world 
in  pomt  of  refined  zmc  output.    There  were  at  Li^ge  in  1911,  13  plants  employing  8  000 
workers,  possessmg  41,900  crucibles,  producing  218,053  tons,  valued  at  $23  932  000  '  In 


BELGIUM 


233 


valued  in  that  year  at  $60  794  22S     tk.  '^r'r";^^''  e'^^rts  of  their  products  being 
tools  etc    valued  It  «3fi^TO«7;  u        ^["""'P^^  ^"^^^  in  that  year  were  machines, 
tools,  etc.,  valued  at  $36,372,587;  fabncated  metab  (tubes,  nails,  etc )   valued  at  $18 
194,496,  and  bicycles,  automobiles  and  accessories,  valued  at  $5  7207  J     f  t 

other  important  products  were  tram  ^r,  ^„/Vj  ,•      ,  *5''^20,134.    Among  the 

works  in  Li^ge  ^nd  HaLXin^nTInT        Z"^  '""-Su""  '"^'"' '"''«  "  locomotive 
plants,  employing  SMwTi^  and  afsfioT™  ^^'"^  ^''^  ^'  ^'  '^""«  «> 

glass  and  pottery  in  1912.  '       ''°"«P°'^«'  ^'^^'^'i  '"  the  manufacture  of 

Textiles: 

iqtiTk*  '*'^"«  '"'^'^tries  center  at  Ghent  (cotton  and  flax)  and  Verviers  fwool^      Tn 

121,174  twist  spii^dS.!!^     «pmcUe8,  of  which  27  (826,913  thread  spindli 

.Pindles,  232,rts:tinS  ^Ire  focr?':^:;^  ^it'  "''''  T''"  '"^ 
accomplished  flQin  «f  fii  n.foKr  r^*'"'/^^*^^  elsewhere.    The  weaving  of  cotton  was 

57estaEeKre  in'\h f^r^^^^^^  ^'^^,^^7  '"'  *'^  '''"^^^''' 

There  were  also,  in  1911  about  3  Z^o^L  t'  ^  ""  ^"^''^°*'  ^  •"  ^^'  ^^<i^^. 

was  constantly'  decreasing        '        ^"  '""'"'''  ''''°  ^"^''^  ■»*  *><""«'  ""»  "^e  number 

This  W^^r  ca^JoSh:  ['"•  ''-'*'  ""'^*"'  "'  "''°'°  '•««'  ^  ">-Wn-- 

employed  (llu)  l.^worlers   and  sIZTT  °'  ^T'*"-    '^'  '^'^'^  "^  J-"* 
employed  (1911)  i  ^  J"„„  '  f°<!  ^2,800  spindles.    The  weaving  of  hemp  and  jute 

estaMs^eVu  mS^Tboutl^"™  '"'*'  "^''  ""^'^''-  '^''^^  ^'^  ^  1^"  2° 
li8hmentsengai^"„Zv^rtW  J;  T?''  ^"^^"^  ^  "^^^^^  ^'  ""^"t  l**  e^tab- 
and  was^Si  '"°^''*'"'^  ~*'°°  "»''  ''^"^  100  establishments  engaged  in  bleaching 

Consular  Representatives: 

AngeKrnZ;fcto°*^'''  '"^/'t*''"'*'*  ''^  Birmingham,  Mobile,  Little  Rock,   Los 
ChS  t«  Ne;^r''  •'ru^"^'^'  ^^■^^l"'  A"""*''.  Savannah,  Honolu^ 
St.  I^^,  O^a^  W^rv^t  «;  ^^'"".<"^- Boston,  Detroit,  Minneapolis,  Kansas  City 
burgh,  Ma^K  X^;:ez  ?R?kn:e°TR  ;•  5'«-'-^' ^-^-d,  Philadelphia,  Pit.^ 
Norfolk  and  NewpoTNeJs^t!:i::nl  Tt^^i^fe  "^^  ^^'^-'"■" 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures:  As  in  France 


I^i 


11 


) 


234 


EXPORTERS  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Local  Advertising  Media: 

There  are  several  excellent  daily  papers  published  in  Belgium,  the  most  important 
which  IS  national  m  its  scope,  being  pubhshed  in  Brussels.  In  Antwerp  there  are  paper^ 
Havmg  large  circulations  printed  both  in  French  and  Flemish.  The  Flemish  papers  for 
the  most  part,  reach  the  middle  and  the  lower  classes.  Trade  papers  are  not  of  any  ^at 
importance.  Posters  and  electric  display  signs,  as  well  as  railway  stations  and  tram  cars 
are  extensively  employed  as  media. 

Shipping  Routes:  Cunard  Line. 

Red  Star  Line. 
Phoenix  Line. 

Consular  Regulations: 

No  consular  documents  are  required  and  there  are  no  restrictions  as   to  weiirhts 
marks,  etc.  *•     ' 

Customs  Tariff: 

The  Belgium  tariff  imposes  specific  duties  largely  on  the  basis  of  weight;  in  the  case 
of  a  few  articles  the  duties  are  assessed  ad  valorem. 

Cable  rates:  Twenty-five  cents  per  word  from  New  York  and  New  England  states. 

Postal  Rates:  Postal  Union  rates. 

Mail  Time:  To  Antwerp  direct  about  9  days. 

Parcel  Post: 

Service  extends  to  Belgium.    Limit  of  weight,  11  pounds;  greatest  length  of  package, 
6  feet  6  inches;  greatest  length  and  girth  combined,  6  feet. 
Money  Orders:  Issued. 
International  Reply  Coupons:  Issued. 


BULGARIA 


t 


235 


I 


BULGARIA 

It  i,lh^?r*'^  "  southeastern  Europe  bounded  by  Rumania,  Jugo-Slavia  and  Turkey 
re  !»fia,  the  capital  and  largest  c.ty,  and  Varna,  the  principal  Black  Sea  port 

<»  !«  priS'tilT"  T?"'*^'  ",  "^'"f""'  "'"'"•  •"^  '^"  «"ri«''  °°  -  -  "ore 
oate     t1  "??""■    ^^^  Pnncipal  cereal  crops  are;  wheat,  com,  rye,  barley  and 

oate.    Tobacco  and  fru.t  raising  and  the  growing  of  roses  for  the  manu/acTu;*  oTatter^l 


236 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


roses  are  likewise  important.  The  mineral  resources  of  Bulgaria  are  important,  with  the 
exception  of  the  coal  mines,  which  are  largely  undeveloped.  Manufacturing  ia  relatively 
unimportant,  the  principal  manufacturing  industry  being  the  production  of  textiles. 

The  principal  railway  of  Bulgaria  connects  Sofia  with  Varna  on  the  Black  Sea,  and  with 
the  surrounding  Balkan  States.  Sofia  is  likewise  on  the  direct  rail  route  from  Paris  to 
Constantinople. 

The  per  capita  imports  of  Bulgaria  in  1914  amounted  to  $10.60. 

Area  and  Population. 
Area  and  population  according  to  the  census  of  1910. 


Diatrict 


Square 
Miles 


Population 


District 


Sou 
Mi 


uare 
ilea 


Population 


Bourgas 

Varna 

Vidin 

Vratsa 

Kustendil 

Plovdiv  (Philippopolis) 
Pleven 


5,409 
2,554 
3,255 
773 
867 
3,238 
1.851 


351.508 
329,612 
237,571 
312,460 
231.522 
447.809 
265,868 


Rousse  (Rutschuk) 

So6a 

St   Zagora 

Tirnovo 

Chouman 

Total 


2.135 
1,832 
6,540 
2,502 
2.691 


33,637 


406.309 
481.598 
442,969 
448.197 
282,601 

4.337,516 


Principal   towns  with   populations:  Sofia    (capital)    102,812;   PhiUppopolis,   47,981 
Rutschuck,  36,255;  Varna,  41,419;  Shumla,  22,225;  Plevna,  23,049. 

Commerce 
United  States  exports  to  Bulgaria  during  the  calendar  year  1919  were  valued  at 
$1,788,125;  imports  from  Bulgaria  were  valued  at  $2,097,928. 
Foreign  trade  for  6  years: 


Imports 

Exports 

Total 

Exports 

Imports 

Total 

1909 

1910 

1911 

$30,962,990 
34.299,901 
38,473.585 

$21,506,762 
24.907.036 
35,634,362 

$52,469,752 
59.136,037 
94,107,947 

1912 

1913 

1914 

$41,484,031 
33.335.729 
47,008,443 

$30,450,975 
18.143.212 
30,060.370 

$71,935,006 
51,478,941 
77.068.813 

Value  of  imports  from  principal  countries  of  origin  and  of  exports  to  principal  countries 
of  destination  for  two  years. 


Country 


Imports 


1913 


1914 


Austria-Hungary . 
United  Kingdom . 

Belgium 

Germany 


Country 


Imports 


1913 


1914 


$10,679,558 
3,306.021 
801,544 
7,217,837 


$12,315,359 

6,710.903 

973.494 

10,507,784 


France . 
Italy... 
Turkey 


$2,517,752 
1,292.605 
1.241.760 


$3,411,610 
2,978.103 
2.130,214 


Country 


Exports 


1913 


1914 


Country 


Austria-Hungary 
United  Kingdom 
Belgium 


$2,805,262 
1,547,586 
2.931.672 


Exports 


1913 


1914 


$2,093,373 

3.683.483 

704.376 


Germany 
Turkey . . 
Rumania 


$3,286,668 
823.095 


$3,924,345 

2.179.423 

765.865 


BULGARIA 


237 


Value  of  imports  for  five  years  by  classification  of  articles: 


Articles 


1907 


1908 


1909 


Live  animals 

Animal  products 

Cereals  and  cereal  products 

Fruits  and  vegetables 

Colonial  wares 

Winei  and  liquors 

Jams  and  preserves 

Fertiliiers 

Combustibles 

Chemicals ._ 

Tannin,  paints  and  varnish 

Rosin,  mineral  oils,  etc 

Oil,  grease  and  wax 

Drugs  and  medicines i 

Perfumes 

Stoneware,  glass,  earthenware,  etc  '. 

Metals  and  metal  products 

Raw  materials,  lumber,  etc ......  i 

Paper  and  paper  products 

Hides  and  leather 

Textiles 

Rubber,  etc '. . . . . 

Cars,  carriages,  boats 

Machines  and  instruments. ...!..'.' 

Hardware,  tojrs  and  jewelry 

Printed  matter  and  works  of  art . . . 
All  other  articles 


$265,761 
370,102 
533,452 
394,492 
1,173,826 
49.022 
365,156 
38,793 
457,410 
305,326 
403,528 
686,887 
1,005,916 
123.252 
53.075 
694.028 
2,941,320 
879.115 
573.017 
1,396,548 
7.980,743 
140,890 
497,168 
2,087,295 
191,070 
123,906 
342,575 


$233,530 
380,596 
509,134 
532  294 
1,309,505 
55,777 
369,402 
37,249 
791,493 
351,453 
365,928 
830,093 
1,180,967 
132,012 
50,180 
831,444 
3,190,483 
1.094,696 
572,631 
1,136.191 
7,714,017 
135,293 
481,149 
2,152,336 
183,929 
105,764 
391,597 


$266,340 
545,997 
656,586 
694.993 
1,547,474 
50,180 
504,116 
35.126 
605,634 
380,210 
462,814 
1.010,741 
1.567,546 
158,453 
66,006 
943,770 
3,721.812 
1,087.941 
507.783 
1.466,221 
9.647.491 
194,158 
755,402 
3,291,615 
276.376 
134,907 
383,298 


'^°^ $24,059,573     $25,119,143      $30,962,990 

Five  year  table  of  exports  showing  trade  by  principal  articles: 
^^i<'i^ I         1907         I         1908         I         1909 


Live  animals 

Animal  products ............    .  ] 

Cereals  and  cereal  products ...,., 

Fruits  and  vegetables .' 

Colonial  wares '.'.'.'.'. 

Wines  and  liquors '.'.'.'.'. 

Jams  and  preserves ! ! ! . 

Fertiliiers ," ' 

Combustibles ....!..!!!!!!!!!. 

Chemicals !.!!!!!!!! 

Taimin,  paints  and  varnish .  .    . 

Rosm.  nuneral  oils,  etc 

Oils,  grease  and  wax 

Orugs  and  medicines 

Perfumes '/ ' 

Stoneware,  glass",  earthenware,"  etc! 

Metals  and  metal  products 

Raw  materials,  lumber,  etc '. 

raper  and  paper  products 

ttiops  and  leather 

Textiles 

Rubber,  etc. . ! 

U^,  carnages,  boats 

Machmes  and  instruments 

Hardware,  toys,  jewelry 

An"*^  matter  and  works  of  art. . . 
AU  other  articles 


Total. 


$1,582,284 
2.848.680 
16.078,058 
127,187 
198,018 
3.281 
2,316 
68,901 
27,020 
193 
72,161 
772 
1,351 
193 
899.766 
15.054 
121,783 
107,694 
3,667 
634,584 
1,422.410 
579 
6.755 
10.422 


7,720 
386 


$24,239,835 


$1,241,441 
2.061,819 
14,663,175 
178,332 
377.701 
1,930 
1.351 
68,129 
42,074 
579 
43,039 
579 
1,158 
193 
823,145 
19,107 
36,477 
107,308 
5,018 
725,101 
1,247,166 

•  •••■••■•a 

8,492 

20,844 

193. 

8.492 

1.158 


$21,684,901 


$1,298,697 

2,370,619 

13,101,805 

227,740 

326,749 

5,018 

\351 

66,971 

50,952 

380 

48,057 

772 

1,537 

"l,636,796* 

9,843 

154,593 

158,453 

965 

859,043 

1.750,510 

-.211 
15,054 

2,895 

11.580 

965 


$21,506,762 


1910 


1911 


$188,175 
432,899 
561,823 
627,444 
1.997,164 
60,409 
494.080 
38.214 
638,830 
375,578 
482,693 
986,037 
1.558,475 
210.563 
80.481 
992.020 
4.496.514 
1.349,649 
727,996 
1,173,284 
9.530.919 
287,763 
754,630 
3,816,961 
258,041 
192,035 
1.317,225 


I 


$34,229,901 


$261,515 
338.329 
428.460 
650,410 
2,041.747 
79,323 
419,968 
38.600 
1.001.091 
437,531 
575,719 
945,314 
1.582.021 
242.408 
127.380 
928.523 
4,595,523 
1,703,225 
731,856 
2,575,199 
11,188.789 
287,184 
697,502 
4,943,116 
284,096 
211,914 
1.156.842 


$38,473,585 


1910 


1911 


$1,413,532 
2,509,386 
15,536,532 
594,826 
396,808 
10.229 
2.123 
74.305 
35.512 
1,544 
54.426 
772 
2,895 
193 
1.072,115 
9.843 
217.511 
126,603 
1,158 
788,598 
1,937,141 


'•••••< 


4.632 
44.969 

193 
11,001 

193 


$24,907,036 


$1,609,813 
3.499.155 
24.963,270 
1.284.994 
356,085 
9,650 
772 
66,006 
64,076 
579 
34.933 
579 
2.316 
386 
1,439,201 
13,124 
174,472 
41.109 
193 
697,116 
1,320,506 

■  ••••••••« 

2,702 
37.056 


5.983 
386 


$35,634,362 


Production  and  Industry. 

freehtu  "thl*?  ^''^''''^f  ««<="?''«<"'.  of  the  country,  the  land  being  held  in  absolute 

i^ulLr^     "^     ?  *''u  P^P"^*'""  «^«  0°  f"°>«.  but  of  the  900,000  men  engaged 

cultivatmg  the  soU,  only  about  80.000  are  land  laborers.     The  majority  of  these  ifS 


I 


H 


238 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


owners  hold  from  one  to  six  acres  each,  less  than  1  percent  having  estates  larger  than  100 
acres.  It  is^timated  that  there  are  now  about  11,000,000  acres  of  cultivated  land.  The 
following  18  the  acreage  and  production  of  1916-1917  harvest: 


Crop 


Wheat 

Rye 

Barley 

Oats 

Tobacco 


Acres 


Tons 


2,459,245 

492,122 
723.350 
333.715 


There  were  also  1,268,122  acres  under  corn. 


1,144,770 

237,215 

352,990 

117,700 

38.500 


1  anhc.1^}^  ^^l  livestock  in   Bulgaria  consisted  of  8,669,260  sheep,   1,464,719  goats 
1,606  363  head  of  cattle,  478,222  hor.es,  110,488  asses,  12,238  mules  and  527,311  pir 

Fruit  ^ows  m  abundance,  especially  in  the  neighborhood  of  Kustendil,  Trojan,  Kula 
Kotchane  Knva  Palanka  in  which  regions  55,000,000  pounds  of  plums,  and  13,^,00(i 
pounds  of  apples  were  gathered  m  1917.  Grapes  of  fine  quality  flourished,  and  ^achT 
thaT'efr^'  '^''''''^'  hazebuts  and  chestnuts  were  produced  in  plenty  during 

Acreage  under  principal  fruit  crops  for  3  years. 


Pears.  Cherries. 
Apricots,  Peaches 


6.612 
7,895 
9,105 


Total 
Acreage 

17,552 
20.318 
24.390 


Pass  fn  fhiTr  f'«"'"";.«'««  Valley"  near  Kazanlik,  at  the  southern  end  of  Shipka 
Pass  m  the  Balkan  Mountains,  and  extending  over  a  district  80  miles  long  and  30  miles 
wide,  with  an  average  height  of  1,300  feet  above  sea  level,  more  than  20,000  acres  of  rose 
gardens  are  m  cultivation  for  the  distillation  of  essence,  known  as  attar  of  roses  The 
annual  harvest  .s  35  000,000  to  45,000,000  pounds,  or  about  8,000,000  roses.  A  one  acre 
garden  under  favorable  conditions,  produces  2,000  to  2,500  pounds  of  roses,  from  which 

^  J,f  ^"°f  r^  *".  ''"""'^-   '^''^^  ^*"«  "^""t  200  roses  to  a  pound,  180  to 

200  pounds  of  roses  usually  produce  one  ounce  of  attar;  and  the  total  production  averages 

^d ^w  Yor":  '  ""  "^'*'^'  *'"'  "'""'^•^  '^^''^  "^"K  P-^™'  Lo^'o" 

„.  i.L''l'°^f "'  "^""^  "^  ^"'«*"''  "^  '"8*'y  "^developed.  The  coal  mines  at  Pernik, 
♦h.  t  J'^J  government  (output  in  1916,  610,000  tons),  and  the  stone  quarries  are 
found       *^°°'™'y  ''°'^'^-    ^f""'  8°''''  «°PW  silver,  manganese  and  lead  are  likewise 

cord'^^'T\^''^'^^f'^  are  woolen  and  cotton  goods,  cigarettes,  rugs,  rope  and 
cord.    There  are  388  industnal  establishments  encouraged  by  the  state 
Railroads:  Total  mileage,  1916,  1,675  state  owned,  and  149  owned  by  private  companies. 
Telegraphs  and  Telephones;  Post  Offices: 

Offices  number  436;  mileage  of  line  3,692;  of  wire  11,627.    There  were  in  1914,  57 

!^T4  070  R^'^r  ^•^t't'f  °^  "'"'  '"'^  "'^^  ™'«'  °f  ^''«-  Converaations  numU 
ed  14,070,876.     There  were  2,515  post  offices  in  1914. 

Honey,  Weights  and  Measures: 

.„  J^"  ""^K^  currency  is  the  lev  (plural  leva)  with  the  par  value  of  a  franc,  $0,193  U.  S. 
currency.  There  arc  gold  coins  of  100,  20  and  10  levas  and  silver  coins  of  5,  2,  1  and  >A 
levand  nickel  corns  of  20,  10,  5  and  2>^  stotink  (centimes).     The  National  B^nk  issues 

The  metric  system  of  weights  and  measures  is  in  general  use. 
Language:  French  is  ordinarily  employed  in  commercial  correspondence. 


BULGARIA 


. 239 

Consular  Representatives:  ' ' 

The  United  States  has  a  minister  onv^rm^  R..i       •      t. 
Consul  General  at  Sofia.  coxenng  Bulgaria,  Rumania,  and  Serbia  and  a 

Bulgaria  has  a  Consul  General  in  New  York 
Shippmg  Routes: 

Furnoss-Prince  Line 

A.  H.  Bull  &  Co.      ■ 

.\mprican-Mcditorranean-UvantLinD 
Customs  Tariff: 

ttar'^R^rg^.iXr ''^  ^"'  ""^'^  -  '^^^  a'JsLr  rum'^^rd"^'  th^TaSr" 

ment'^iSlLtrnrfo'^tl'iJ^rr^f  arliZ™!*,""^*  ''%-?"-d  ''-  the  Depart 
materials.  P°"  °'  articles  not  enumerated  in  the  list  of  necessary 

Mail  Time:  Ten  days  from  New  York  Citv 
Parcels  Post: 

i^gisSSd."  *'''*°'^  *°  ^""^"«-    I--"  o^  weight,  22  pounds.    Parcels  may  not  ba 
Money  Orders:  Not  issued. 
International  Reply  Coupons:  Issued. 


CYPRUS 

and  ^'mSi^^n^:  cott'ofs^a''1tT5^V''  '""^?,  '^°'"„"'«  "^^^  <>!  Asia  Minor 
including  military  popuktion  iTI^  l>rin.^„.T"'*°"'?fi.  Population  1911,  274,108 
capital),  16,052;  taraaca,  2,262;  LinSol  10  3(W?k^™'  7'^^  population:  Nicosia  the 
and  Ktema,  3,435;  Kyr^nii,  1,726  '      '       '  ^»"'»8"«ta  and  Varoshia,  5,327;  Paphos 

Commerce 

.ra,le  "wi^'l^^^'llt  cllffil^"'''"  TT""''  ''"^^  '"*  ^^P™^  ^  -«'"ded  under 
S62.,676,  and  impor^^at  ,14"'  "'""^  """"«  ^"^  ^«'^'"'-  ^^  ''''  --  valued  at 
Imports  and  exports  during  five  years: 


Merchandise 


1912 


1913 


Imports  . 
Exports. 


1914 


$2,927,396 
3,542,881 


1915 


$3,009,977 
3.016.072 


1916 


$2,414,175 
2.414.331 


$2,857,772 
3,161.381 


$4,702,410 
3,443,047 


»860^^f  otroif;  $77,930"fi^e'  flS^^^^^^^Tf^'  "•>-'•  «196.679;  flour." 

cotton  yarn,  threa:d   and  p  ece  ioods   $554  ^fifi^^^^  «134,466;  petroleum    $158,936 

•lashery  and  millinerv  «fifi4?i- if.*!?  '      51'    .V'  woolen  manufactures,  $117,509-  hiber! 

S389^if '   '^^^^^^''^^^^^^^^^  «244 «18;^aTs9t7lo. 

M89,601;  cotton,  $114,696- silk  mpnnn»«1?7iQn\.^Ao^^'  oarobs,  $891,625;  wine 

pomegranates,  »81,73d,Tm?ns  and  oS^lfs '$87  96r  '  ^'^'^'  *''''"'  ^""^  ''^"^'  ^'^^i 
bush'elfin  m^j'^)  *barfev"Tqii^'fi9^f'^'i!  f^  'P""«P*'  "^ops  being  wheat  (1  524  484 

b«f  hels)      Cro^''4ch  a4'  pSed  in  Ce  LanHtl**^'"''  ''"'''4'  vetche^'S';!!^ 
raisins,  linseed,  beans,  silk,  cK   wool    hSl?      .$  '^  "''''  grapes,  oUves,  cotton,  f^uit, 

telegraph  lin^'""^  ""'''*''  ^^-     ^^""^  ""^  ^46  miles  of  carriage  roads,  and  246  mUes  of 

^^^^^=^S^'^'^^  LteuSrLf^Ta^e""  -"-  '^' 

1  Cyprus  Pic  =     %  yard 
Jg^«  =t.81bs. 

IKfle  =9  6,galIons 


jM 


240 


EXPORTERS  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


CZECHO-SLOVAKIA 

(See  Map,  Page  332) 

The  repubUc  of  Czecho-Slovakia  was  formed,  as  a  result  of  the  great  war,  of  former 
Austrian  territory.    It  comprises  the  former  provinces  of  Bohemia,  Moravia  and  Silesia 
and  that  part  of  Hungary  known  as  Slovakia.    Its  capital  is  Prague,  which  is  a  city  a^ 
large  as  San  Francisco. 

The  principal  industries  of  Czecho-Slovakia  are  agriculture,  mining  and  manufacturmg 
The  principal  agricultural  crops  are  rye,  sugar  beet,  potatoes,  oats,  barley  and  wheat 
The  prmcipal  mineral  products  of  the  country  are  coal  and  iron.  In  1913  over  80  per  cent 
of  the  coal  and  lignite  mined  in  the  former  Austrian  territories  was  produced  in  Czecho^ 
biovakia,  and  Czecho-Slovakia  also  produced  over  30  per  cent,  of  the  iron,  which  was 
formerly  produced  in  Austria.  Of  the  manufacturing  industries  iron  and  steel  foundries 
the  manufacture  of  beet  sugar,  glass,  earthenware  and  textiles  are  specially  important' 
Czecho-Slovakia  includes  the  principal  manufacturing  district  of  the  former  Austro- 
Hunganan  Empire. 

The  railway  system  is  very  extensive  and  connects  with  those  of  Germany,  Austria 
Poland  and  Hungary.  Czecho-Slovakia  has  no  harbor,  and  most  of  the  trade  passes 
through  the  port  of  Hamburg. 

•o.  oT^®  per  capita  imports  of  Czecho-Slovakia  for  the  year  1912  may  be  estimated  at 
♦t54.81  and  the  per  capita  exports  at  $40.18. 

Area  and  Population 

Area  and  population  of  Czecho-Slovakia  (excluding  Slovakia  for  which  details  are 
not  available) : 


Province 


Square  miles 


Pop.  per 
square  mile 


Population 
1910 


Bohemia.  .  .  . 
Moravia.  .  .  . 
Silesia 


Total 


20.065 

8,584 
1.998 


30.647 


337 
305 

381 


6,769.548 

2.622.271 

756,949 


10.148.768 


Principal  cities  of  Czecho-Slovakia  with  their  population  in  1910: 


Cities 


Population 


Bohemia: 

PU^® 

Konigliciie'Weinberge".  \ 

Ziskow 

Smichow \ 

Budweis 

Aussig 

Moravia:  

Bnmn 

Mahrisch  Ostrau 

Prossnits 

Tcrlaii  ■ 

is'*"*  ..• 

Witkowiti 

uimuts 

Prerau ' 

Cl>«         .  ••• , 

Silesia :  

Troppau 


223.741 
80.343 
77,120 
72,173 
51,791 
44.538 
39.301 

125.737 
36.754 
31.642 
25.914 
23.151 
22.245 
20,669 

30.672 


CZECHO-SLOVAKIA 


241 


Commerce 
Prior  to  1920  United  States  statistics  of  foreign  trade  included  trade  with  Czecho- 
slovakia in  trade  with  Austria-Hungary.    See  page  220.  ^zecno- 
Foreign  trade  of  Czecho-Slovakia  for  the  first  four  months  of  1919: 


Imports 


Austria 

Germany 

United  States.  .  . 
Other  Ck)untrie8. 


Total , 


$7,831,250 

3,327,544 

229,804 

10.889,766 


Exports 


122,278.364 


«17.956.5S8 

8.039,994 

28,544 

8.479.145 


$29,504,271 


Tm/f ''!?^  ^^\  P"^^*"  ^"^  ^*^°^**^  ^^  Czecho-Slovakian  foreign  trade 
year  1912,  based  upon  the  trade  of  the  former  Kingdom  of  Austria  in  thafyear: 


in  the 


Articles 


Imports — From 


Foreign 
Countries 


Hungary 


Exports — To 


Foreign 
Countries 


Colonial  products 

Spices .'....".' 

Southern  fruits !..... 

Sugar .*.*,'... 

Tobacco  and  manufactures  oif. 
Breadstuffs,  malt  and  legumes . 
Fruits,  vegetables  and  plants 

Livestock 

Other  animals .'!!.*.'.'!. 

Animal  products ' ,  *  * 

Fats  and  greases 

Fatty  oils \ 

Beverages 

Comestibles '. 


Hungary 


$7,649,540 

511,910 

3,350,135 


Wood,  coal,  peat  and  coke:     Totals 


Wood. 
Coal . . 
Peat. . 
Coke. 


3,242,925 

8.355,635 

12.510,555 

2,253,300 

809,100 

15,000,525 

3,280,910 

919,450 

798.395 

2.700,485 


$38,340 
59,995 
20,235 


21,408,450 


Materials  for  turning  and  carving . 
Minerals:    Totals 


Iron  ore . . . 
China  clay. 


3,020,325 

40,950 

15,970,500 

2,376,675 


1,209,485 

42,333,395 

3,144,235 

16,454,700 

1,790,800 

3,334,515 

2,740,955 

552,380 

5,714.790 

2,608,185 


3.323.250 


3.026.625 


2,053,575 


Medicinal  wares  and  perfumery 
i^eing  and  tanning  materials.. 
uums  and  resins . 
Mineral  oils....  


Cotton  and  manufactures  of:     Totals. 

Raw  and  waste. 

Yarn 

Fabrics " ' " 


1,912,575 
141,000 


2,947,875 

359,625 

5,775 

9,975 


$1,775 

2,485 

287,905 

32,664.324 

767,025 

8,675.200 

8,852,990 

2.131.500 

719,400 

17,764,200 

1.8^5.100 


3,116,400 
1,556.100 


29.043.454 


$1,217,295 

145.550 

422,059 

2,749,845 

1.050 

1.045.600 

1.373,850 

243,000 

130,800 

1.247,400 

1,056,300 


11,499,360 

13,341,624 

2,089,470 

2,113,000 


3,323.250 
5.063.625 

8.901.465 


120.225 


1,111.950 


1,111,950 


541,020 
1.363,425 
2.717,400 

360,575 


347,025 


131.300 


131,300 


1,173.600 

652,616 

3.942,249 

3,133,000 


98,175 


^'ff**We  fibres  and  manufactures  of  : 


|iax  toV^d\"  te_"'*^*^''  °'--     Totals. 

Hemp  tow  and  waste ....  

Jute  tow  and  waste .\, 

iinen  yam .  

■rabncs.  

Jutesaeks:::::::::::::-- 


y**<>**Pd  manufactures  of:    Totals: 


Wool 

Woolen  yarn.ii 
jVoolen  fabrics . 


59,755,500 


45.9.34,500 
5,373,000 
8,448,000 


12,494,250 

7,372,500 

940,500 

3,222,000 

959,250 

® 


37,877,000 


9,585 

276,675 

23,625 

746,025 


5,039,250 


177,750 
1,411.500 
3.450,000 


61.425 
402,150 
939.225 


26.587,500 


672,000 

56,250 

474,000 

8,250 

133,500 


4,492.500 


Note.— ^_Not  separately  recorded. 


23,135.000 
8.592.000 
6.150.000 


1.836.750 

79.500 

2.576.2501 


2,248,500 

3,282,000 

21,057,000 


118.650 
140.275 
490.350 


42.265.500 


9.941,250 
752,250 
183.000 
® 

3,390.750 

5,208,750 

406,500 


14,943,750 


2,729,250 

1,976,250 

10.238,250 


396,000 

4,551,750 

37,317,750 


7,711.500 
42.000 
14.250 
® 

819.750 
4.884.750 
1.950.750 

22,289.250 

298.500 

1.119.750 

20,871.000 


Continued  on  Page  242 


i 


! 

» 

I 

i 


242 


Table  Continued: 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Aitioles 


Imports 


Foreign 
Countries 


Hungary 


Ex 


PORTS 


Foreign 
Countries 


Silk  and  manufactures  of:     Totals. 


Silk,  raw,  dyed,  yarn  and  twist. 

Silk  fabrics 

Semi  silken  fabrics 

Made  up  articles 

Brush  and  sieve  makers'  wares. . . 

Wares  of  straw,  cane,  etc 

Paper  and  paper  wares 

India  rubber 

Oil  cloth  and  manufactures  of . .  .  . 

Leather  and  manufactures  of 

Furriers'  wares. ' 

Wooden  wares 

Stone 


17,138,250 


Iron  and  manufactures  of:    .  Totals. 


Pig  iron. 

Blooms,  billets  and  bars 

Sheets  and  plate 

Wire '.'.'.'.'.'.'.. 

Iron  wares ][[ 

Other  metals  and  manufactures  of . 


9,596,250 
5.444.250 
2.097.750 
1.694.770 

149.175 
1,086,300 
3,182.400 
5,762.925 

149,600 

8,896.125 

2.196.825 

2,669.000 

911,625 


Hungary 


474.750 


11.734,175 


Machinery  other  than  electrical:    Totals. 

Steam  engines  and  turbines 

Agricultural  implements 

Textile  machinery 

Electrical  machinery  and  apparatus. . 

Automobiles  and  motorcycfes 

Jewelry 


4,458,300 

1,14.3.875 

710.325 

212.625 

5,209,050 

17,026,800 


196,500 
153,750 
124.500 
547.410 
289,000 
93.925 
892,075 
247,800 
365,925 

2.892,750 
96,475 

1.403.775 
127,500 


5,097,000 


2,285,325 


5,287.445 


Instruments,  clocks,  watches :     Totals . 


Typewriters,  calculating  machines . 

Musical  instruments 

Watches .  .  .  . 

Chemical  substances  and  products. .  '. 


Colors,  dyes,  varnishes:    Totals. 


160,125 
1,815,.320 
3,312.000 
2,887.875 
1,382.525 
2,049,775 


67.725 

419.475 

524.475 

5,250 

1,268.400 

995.400 


1.623.7.50 

2.095.500 

1.377.750 

10.701,600 

27,200 

537.600 
5,866.875 
2.003.925 

218,925 
7,950.600 
1.178,100 
8.919.225 

992,775 


7,078,500 


10,931,005 


255,685 


2,126,275 


597,125 

448.375 

1,080,775 

7,068.075 


Varnishes 

Dyes.K 

Soap,  candles,  etc. 


Total. 


2,002,350 


46,725 
193,960 

15.000 
419.476 

53,975 
141,100 


511,875 

1,068,375 

748,115 

246,750 

8.355,890 

10,139,325 


343,500 

3.458,250 

3,276,750 

12,755,400 

206,850 

184.275 
4.311.300 
1.286,250 

432,075 
11.500.125 

333,375 
4,350,675 

961,275 


12,927,470 


2.345.700 


96.175 


21.150 

22.000 

53,025 

1.924.025 


683.025 
1.440,075 

222.600 
1.522.500 

873.530 

682,500 


1,339,800 
1,794,975 
883,445 
503,475 
8.405.775 
4,894,575 


2,499,525 


694,625 


240.975 

1.761,375 

154,700 


J244.757.725 


113,725 


111,300 

2.425 

94.350 


30.500 

637,875 

26,250 

4,414,725 


347.025 
2,010.7.50 

141.750 
2,031,225 

457,800 
2,134,026 


1.348,200 


296,455 


82,315 
213.140 
219.300 


224.700 

750.750 

372.750 

2,802,450 


765.350 


681,450 

83.900 

1.108,400 


S109.527.715l  <233.380.973l  fl74  4aiQi.s 


J^ote — ®Not  separately  recorded 

Agriculture:  Production  and  Industry 

The  Czechoslovak  states  have  developed  greatly  in  agriculture.  They  produced  76 
per  cent,  of  the  hops  produced  in  Austria,  61  per  cent,  of  the  flax  fib,^  and  91^  cent  of 
the  sugar  beet.  «  ^i  per  ceni.  oi 

Acreage  of  principal  crops  by  provinces  in  1911 : 


Wheat.  . 
Rye.  . .  . 
Barley.  . 

Oats 

Corn 

Potatoes 


Total 


670,487 
1,348,682 

702,242 

1.214,870 

360 

797,880 


.6,042,691     I     2.615..'>.';i 


268,967 
546,777 
496,825 
492,155 
27,056 
376,850 


867,388 
2,025,514 
1.316,302 
1,707,025 
27,416 
1,266,200 

7.772.071 


CZECHOSLOVAKIA 


243 


Produce  of  principal  crops  by  provinces  in  the  same  year: 


Province 


Wheat 
Tons 


Rye 
Tons 


Barley 
Tons 


Oats 
Tons 


Maize 
Tons 


Bohemia. . . 
Moravia. . . 
Silesia 

Total .  . . 


Buck- 
wheat 
Tons 


Legumes 
Tons 


458.598 

196.844 

15,410 


670,852 


1.033,028 

347,587 

74,569 


1.455.184 


731,959 

416,635 

38,173 


1.186,767 


810,857 
261,999 

84,777 


1.157,633 


Potatoes 
Tons 


Sugar 
Beets 
Tons 


618 
19,468 


20,086 


34 

1,050 

222 


1,306 


43,243 

30,715 

4,749 


78,707 


2,111,433 

1.344,574 

283,437 


3,739.444 


2.647.459 

2,072,197 

42.743 


4.762,399 


follo^:'^  *'''  '"'"  ''*^'^*^  '""^  "  Czechoslovakia.    These  were  distributed  as 


Size  of  holdings 


Number  of  holdings. . , 
Area  (in  acres) 


Number  of  animals  reported  in  the  livestock  census  of  1910: 


Animals 


Bohe 


mia 


Moravia 


Silesia 


Horses .... 

Cattle 

Sheep 

Swine 


Total 


Total 


250,428 
2,290,587 

152.998 
1.012,798 


3,706,811 


140,970 

801,178 

24,117 

633,538 


1,599,803 


31,769 

196,526 

5,748 

144,209 


378,252 


423.167 
3.288,291 

182,863 
1.790,545 

5,684,866 


Forestry: 

In  1910  the  forests  of  Bohemia  yielded  4,215,532  cubic  yards  of  timber  and  2  ono  «fii 
cub,c  yards  of  firewood;  those  of  Moravia  1,907,525  cubic  yards  of  timber  and  I'^TA 

The  forests  of  Czecho-Slovakia  were  distributed  a^  follows  in  1911  (in  acres): 


State 
forests 


Forests 
under 
State  Ad- 
ministra- 
tion 


Com 
mercial 
forests 


Bohemia. 
Moravia. 
Silesia . . . 


Districts 
forests 


14.196 


Other 

State 

forests 


Forests 
belonging 

to 
churches 


Forests 
belonging 
to  Asso- 
ciations 


23,805 
1.870 


419,390 
108,145 


747 
152 


30,900 

21,870 

32 


Property 

in 

trust 


156,685 

145,437 

80,730 


35,477 

32,037 

5,157 


1.266,327 
340,562 
118,282 


Other 
private 
forests 


1,898,667 
908,627 
224,022 


^lariufaclures: 

Manufactures  are  highly  developed,  especiaUy  the  steel  industry  and  thp  ...o.  f    . 

^»A<5,  8,918  factories  in  Czecho-Slovakia,  or  52  5  oer  cent  of  ih^  +^f«i         u      ., 

Austrian  territoiy.       The  Czechoslovak  terriLrii  p^l^L^t^t  Z lU  r^'^T 

vji  laciones.      ii^arthenware  and  chma  are  important  industrifts      Of  *k«    *  ^  ,  ^^ 

iV r"  "  '°™"  ^"^'^^^  "^"'"^'y'  ■"  were'locat^l^^^hX  tl      tL  ' 
were  m  the  country  in  1913,  691  breweries  and  350  distilleries.  """-^'o^akia.     There 


244 


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CZECHOSLOVAKIA 


245 


Mining : 

Czecho-Slovakia  is  rich  in  coal  and  lignite  min^  and  in  iron.  It  mined  in  1913 
86.7  per  cent,  of  the  coal  produced  in  the  former  Austrian  territories,  84.1  per  cent,  of  the 
lignite,  32.5  per  cent,  of  the  iron,  100  per  cent,  of  the  gold,  silver,  tin,  wolfram,  uranium 
preparations,  sulphate  of  iron,  and  coke,  98.4  per  cent,  of  coal  briquets  and  65.1  per  cent, 
of  the  graphite. 

Number  of  mining  establishments  in  the  provinces  now  comprising  Czecho-Slovakia 
in  1912,  their  production  in  tons  and  the  value  of  that  production  in  dollars: 


Bohemia 

Moravia 

SUesia 

• 

No. 

Production 
Tons 

Value 

No. 

Production 
Tons 

Value 

No. 

Production 
Tons 

Value 

Coal 

61 
117 

14 
1 
1 
1 
3 

•  •  • 

A 

2,645.584 

13,031,585 

538,298 

19,840 

134 

1,122 

23 

785 

6,678 

14,768 

$8,828,271 

203,946 

2,166,738 

126,974 

4,946 

31.828 

4.032 

1.461 

55.661 

1.041.487 

16 
7 
1 

1.228,575 

140,055 

1,920 

$4,212,738 

186,045 

3.072 

29 

1 
1 

•  •  • 

1 
3 

•  •  ■ 

•  •  • 

3,847,189 
779 
162 

io 

4i 

lignite 

$12,602,401 

Iron  Ore 

1,236 

Gold  Ore 

Lead  Ore 

Zinc  Ore 

312 

Tin  Ore 

Sulphur 

m 

60 

242 

Silver 

3 

7 

•  •   • 

6,306 

iib,i8i 

•  •  • 

•  •  • 

The  following  table  shows  the  number  of  persons  employed  in  the  mining  industry: 


Bohemia 


Moravia 


Silesia 


Total 


Coel 

Lignite 

Iron 

Other  metals 

Total . . . 


22.676 

35,899 

1362 

3,925 


64.362 


12,167 

645 

32 

350 


13,194 


32.315 

3 

13 

5 


32.336 


67,158 

36,547 

2.907 

5.280 


110.892 


Railways,  Roads,  Waterways: 

Mileage  of  railways  1913,  5,951;  of  roads,  32,623;  of  waterways,  889. 
Telegraphs  and  Telephone: 

MUeage  of  lines,  1915,  7,929;  of  wire,  27,528.  There  is  adequate  telephone  service 
to  which  large  additions  are  under  way. 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures: 

The  notes  of  the  Austro-Hungarian  bank  (stamped)  are  still  in  circulation.  A  gold 
reeerve  is  being  built  up  by  the  government,  and  when  the  affairs  of  the  Austro-Hungarian 
bank  have  been  Uqiydated  a  national  gold  standard  currency  is  to  be  estabUshed,  the  unit 
bemg  the  sokol,  with  the  par  value  of  a  franc  (0.193  U.  S.  Currency). 

Languages:  German  is  ordinarily  employed  for  commercial  correspondence. 
Consular  Representatives: 

There  is  a  consul  general  for  Czecho-Slovakia  stationed  in  New  York  City. 

The  United  States  has  a  consul  at  Prague. 

Shipping  Routes: 

Shipments  to  Czecho-Slovakia  are  usually  made  via  Hamburg,  and  may  also  be  made 
▼la  Italian  ports. 


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246 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS^ 


Customs  Tariff: 

raw  iLXil""'  C^ho^iovaida  a«  /or  the  ti.e  being  restricted  to  foodstuft  and 
of  packages,  boxes  or  cases,  marks,  nurabe^L  wlh  n       1°™'  '''"°«  '""°'«'' 

i^^:SSttriroT:-Srrrf---^^^^^^^ 

^    For  the  importar^'oTn^Suri'-^^r:^"^^";  "*t.^  ".-^  '^•«'- 
obtain  a  special  permit  from  the  Ministry  of^mmel  ^^e        '  "  "  """^  '^ 
Cable  Rates:  From  New  York  or  New  England  states,  $0.32  per  word 
Postal  Rates :  Postal  Union  rates.  •  •"•^^  per  word. 

Mail  Time:  Ten  days  from  New  York  City 

Parcels  Post:  Service  extends  to  Czecho^lovakik.    Limit  of  weight,  H  pounds 
Money  Orders:  Not  issued.  pounos. 

International  Reply  Coupons:  Not  issued. 


DENMARK 


247 


DENMARK 

Denmark,  the  smallest  country  in  northern  Europe,  occupies  a  peninsula  north  of 
Germany,  and  numerous  adjacent  island,.  In  area  it  is  somewhat  larger  than  the  com- 
bined  states  of  Delaware  and  Mar>-land.    The  principal  city  and  capital  is  Copenhagen, 

which   is  about   as 
large  as  Cincinnati, 
The  principal  in- 
dustry of  Denmark 
is  agriculture,  which 
is  largely  carried  on 
by    small    farmers, 
most  of  whom  own 
their   own    proper- 
ties.    About  three- 
quarters  of  the  land 
of   the   country    is 
agricultural  land, 
the  principal  crops 
being  oats,  barley, 
rye,  wheat  and  sugar 
root.    For  the  past 
half  century  dairy 
farming  has  been 
extensively    devel- 
oped in  Denmark, 
and  as  a  result  of 
the   apphcation   of 
scientific  methods 
and  the  use  of  mod- 
em equipment  the 
dairy    products    of 
the  country  form  a 
large  part  of  its  ex- 
ports.   The  mineral 
products  of  Den- 
mark are  unimport- 
ant    with     the 
exception    of   clay, 
which  supphes  the 
requirements  of  an 
important    pottery 
and    porcelain    in-    * 
dustry.     The  prin- 
cipal manufacturing 
industries,     other 
than  the  manufac- 
ture   of    porcelain 
and  pottery,  are  the 
shipbuilding  and 
engine  construction 
plants,  manufacture 


248 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


of  woolen  and  cotton  textUes,  sugar  refineries,  paper  miUs,  and  breweries. 

The  railway  mileage  of  Denmark  is  extensive  in  relation  to  the  area  of  the  country 
Two  hnes  entenng  the  country  from  Schleswig  cross  the  German  boundary.  One  of  the* 
Unes  runs  eastward  via  Fredericia,  through  Odense,  across  the  island  of  Fflnen,  and  vt 
steam  femes  across  the  straits  from  Nyborg  to  Korsor  and  then  to  Copenhagen.  A  second 
fat^  t^T        "T^da^  foUows  the  west  coast  of  Jutland  and  has  brashes  extend 

The  per  capita  imports  of  Denmark  in  1914  amounted  to  $73.04.  The  per  caoita 
exports  of  Denmark  in  the  same  year  amounted  to  $79.63. 

Area  and  Population 
-^^  ^^  population  of  Denmark,  according  to  the  census  of  1916: 


Divisions 


Area 
Square  Miles 


Population 
1916 


City  of  Copenhagen  (Kjobenhavn)  without  suburbs 

isianos  in  the  Baltic 

Peninsula  of  Jutland.  . .  V. 

Faeroe  Islands 

••• •• 

Total 


506,390 

1,161,163 

1,253,809 

19,617 

2.940,979 


The  principal  cities  are  Copenhagen  (Kjobenhavn),  the  capital,  which  with  its  suburbs 
had  a  population  of  605,772  in  1916;  Aarhuus,  65,858;  Odense,  45,303;  Aalborg,  p^pu" 
38,102;  Horsens,  population  25,149;  Randers,  population,  24,428. 

Commerce 
Value  of  the  total  foreign  trade  of  the  United  States  with  Denmark  for  eleven  years: 


Year 

Ended 

June 

30 


Exports 


Domestic 


Foreign 


Total 


1909.. 

1910.. 

1911.. 

1912.., 

1913... 

1914... 

1915... 

1916... 

1917... 

1918... 

1919... 


$17,465,402 
13,579,127 
13,126.273 
15,686,022 
18.560,579 
15.586.235 
74,280.658 

5,224,037 
55,608,145 

4.374,616 


Imports 


Free 


Dutaible 


Total 


$56,711 

65,776 

70.677 

81.326 

127.215 

83.900 

5,543,820 

3,631,275 

1,130,345 

594,926 


$17,522,113 
13,644.903 
13.196.950 
15,767.348 
18,687,794 
15,670,135 
79.824,478 
55,872,312 
56,738.490 
4,969,.542 
93,167,530 


Per 
Cent. 
Free 


Excess  of 
Exports  (♦) 

or 
Imports  (-) 


$1,249,172 
1,649,021 
1,165,690 
2,140.789 
2,290,786 
2,586,068 
2,001,627 
2,560.308 
893.488 
632,870 


$376,236 
549,313 
546,910 
691.288 
683,884 
683,667 
1,159.072 
2,560,308 
893,488 
632.870 


$1,625,408 

76.85 

2.198.334 

75.01 

1,712,600 

68.07 

2,832,077 

75.59 

2,974,670 

77.01 

3.269,735 

79.10 

3,160,699 

63.33 

3,421,921 

74.82 

1.595,417 

56.00 

1,022,397 

61.92 

2.294,048 

....... 

♦$15,896,705 
♦11.446,569 
♦11,484.3.50 
♦12.935,271 
♦15,713.124 
♦12.400,400 
♦76,663,779 
♦52,450,391 
♦55,143.073 
♦3,947.145 
♦90,873,482 


Value  of  foreign  trade  (imports  and  general  exports,  excluding  gold  and  silver)  during 
BIX  years . 


Impobts 


Exports 


1909. 
1910. 
1911. 


$195,759,987 
171,290.214 
187,134.300 


Imports 


$193,341,871 
148,174,596 
167,762.620 


Exports 


1912. 
1913. 
1914. 


$220,275,830 
228.920,821 
214.727.766 


Note:    The  value  of  goods  transshipped  is  omitted  from  1910 


$184,163,615 
187,643.088 
234,210.417 


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249 


250 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Distribution  of  foreign  trade  by  countries  of  origin  and  destination: 


Countries 


Imports  (General) 


1913 


1914 


ExpoRxa  (General) 


1913 


1914 


United  States 

Other  American  countries. 

Germany 

United  Kingdom .  .  . . . .  " . 

Sweden 

Norway .  . 

Russia 

Holland ..";.'.'.■;;.■.;; 

Belgium ] 

France . . . . 

Danish  Colonies. .. . . . 


$23,310,372 

6,976.040 

87,9Sr).544 

36.0f>2,(jl6 

19,055,872 

2,346.340 

15.922,148 

5,683,744 

2,753,700 

5,610,580 

3,634,884 


$22,590,256 

4.264.952 

70,927,004 

38,89G,716 

22,269,996 

4.703,300 

10.851.320 

6.043.608 

2,287.112 

4,693,216 

3,701,616 


$2,104,604 

1,779.988 

47,890,922 

109.992.024 

9,134.244 

5.172.400 

5,165,700 

1,104,964 

817,936 

895,656 

2,012,680 


$3. 125,14s 

1. 102.0  IH 
80.781,fi32 

115,670,140 

10.173.280 

6.121,924 

3.75,3.6GS 

600,5S.s 

396,640 

1,719,220 

2.227.01  t; 


Production  and  Industry 
Area  and  production  of  principal  crops  for  two  years: 


Crops 


Akka   (Acres) 


1916 


1917 


Wheat 

Rye 

Barley.  .  .  . 

Oats 

Mixed  grains 
Potatoes. . .  . 


PROorcTiON  (Tons) 


1916 


153.506 
486,882 
640,641 
1.054,030 
462,517 
160,401 


1917 


132,691 
441,307 
599,lft4 
992.512 
488,447 
144.633 


89.721 
153,640 
298,429 
419.882 
194.314 
377,454 


65,481 
126,177 
218,018 
306,061 
154,093 
486,972 


f>,o  1^^ '"  Denmark  consists  for  the  most  part  of  small  holdings  rather  than  larger  estates- 
the  law  provides  for  complete  control  over  the  land  by  the  tenSt  providertS^^^^^^^^^^^ 

MZ7i^:^T^^  ^^  *^%"^-^  -^^^-^  and^rofitabl  bran^^^^^ 

wrS  dS^d^^^^^^^^^^  J-  there 

lunpioying  /U7  persons,  of  which  forty-two  used  mechanical  power. 

The  coK.perative  movement  in  agriculture  has  gained  steadily  in  Denmark. 
480(^7TenfaiVl2L7  7pt^  "'"'«'  ""?"•  ''"'"'''"  ""^  "'  -"'«'  l'«50,623  swine, 

Fisheries: 

Drooir  ^^-i^l  V  f  ^  11'""'"  t"^  '^'^^^  '""''^  "*'«  •'"«''««'  '"  th*  fisheries  of  Denmark 
proper.     The  value  of  the  catch  m  1917  was  S943,461  (35,159,900  kroner). 

Manufacturing: 

constl^ul^r^ '*"T  '''^'^"^u"'  '^,  ?'^^^  "^  "^"^  ^'^^  ^^tensive.    Theirproduct 
constitutes  a  large  portion  of  the  wealth  of  the  country. 


DENMARK 


2ol 

cens£Syl6T9u"'  '"'''^^"^  '"  °'"-'"''  ^^'-^'^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^l 


II. 


III. 


IV. 


ITind 


Mills  and  flour  mills 

Bakeries  and  confectioneries 
Sugar  mills  and  refineries 
Chocolate  and  candy  factories 

Ooffee  factories 

Slaughter  and  smoke  houses.' .' 
Pickle  and  preserve  factories 
Uaines  and  cheese  factories 

Margarine  factories 

Egg  preserving  factories. 

Water  works 

Mineral  water  factories'.* 

Breweries  and  malt  factories" 
iJistillenes  and  yeast  factories. 
lobacco  and  cigar  factories. .   . 
Others 


Total  food  industries 

Wool  spinning 

Cotton  spinning 

Weaving .*....'.."*' 

Linen  and  damask  weaving.  [ 

Cotton  weaving 

Clothing  materials. 

Carpets,  curtains,  ribbons 

Knit  goods 

Rope  making,  cordage 

Straw  making,  and  products.* 
Sails,  bags  and  sacks. . 
Others 


Total,  textile  industries 

lailonng 

Men's  clothing. 

Women;s  and  ch'iidren's 'clothing.* ' ' ' 
Women  s  and  children's  underw-ear ' '. 
Uothing  manufactories. 
Women's  specialty  manufactoriM.'.! .' 
MUhnery  and  straw  hats 

Furs,  etc 

Gloves 

Manufactureri'of  sW.'ta'n'iii'ng',  'e'tij' 
Manufactories  of  shoes. 

Wooden  shoes  and  slippers 

^aundry  and  bleach  works 

Barbers  and  coiffeurs.  

v^thers ....  


Total,  clothing  industry. 
Paving  establishments. 
Mcavation . 


Drilling  enterprises. 

Masonry 

Construction"  and  building 

Construction  of  mills 
Carpentry. ...  

Cabinet  worjt. !!.... 

Carpentry 

Furniture  factories  .'.".'.'.* 

Chair  factories 


Manufacturers  'of  fran^^g  'a'n'd  riiM-  giadera 
Sign  making,  painfin.r  '  K'*"©" 

Upholstery,  sadc 
Btucco  factories. 


&L^^.'?:'„!?ddleTy  and  whip, 


Gas  and  water  in^aliation'.'. ". "  " 
OthS?®^  cleaning  establishment's 


Total,  building  and  furniture  industry. 


No.  of 
Factories 


23,094 


Personnel 


5.317 
12.431 
2.036 
1,892 
318 
9,842 
619 
8,414 
1,209 
707 
571 
783 
6,269 
895 
9,427 
2.114 


62,844 
416 
1,194 
1,874 
127 
2.438 
2,441 
631 
5,795 
892 
151 
402 
975 


17,336 

14,264 

133 

12.124 

734 

5.341 

3,558 

817 

989 

647 

7.503 

4,496 

1,968 

7,398 

4,392 

686 


65,050 
453 
7,550 
203 
20,913 
1,620 
400 
13,308 
1.181 
1,033 
4,727 
2,748 
6.625 
592 
1,902 
9,704 
4,068 
228 
362 
338 
1,203 


79,158     1 


Using 

mechanical 

power  (other 

than  wand  or 

water) 


Horsepower 


1,170 
1,028 
28 
30 
16 
661 
18 
1,427 
42 
4 
80 
48 
219 
27 
69 
596 


5,463 
46 

5 
45 

4 
21 
33 

7 
48 
54 

9 
22 
21 


315 

21 

4 

15 

5 

27 

5 

14 

1 

2 

3 

494 

52 

485 


12 


1,140 


42 

11 

16 

29 

45 

702 

6 

70 

402 

207 

330 

30 

77 

11 

35 

1 

14 


26 


2,054 


19,777 
5.182 
8.169 
1,175 
411 
5.976 
196 
12,867 
3.111 
7 
6,746 
141 
8,488 
2,294 
601 
6,122 


81,263 

520 

3.539 

1,796 

148 

2,741 

3,994 

896 

816 

1,338 

96 

27 

395 


16,306 

50 

4 

43 

11 

44 

12 

221 

1 

10 

5 

1.248 

191 

1.249 


345 


3,434 


5,483 

73 

121 

286 

273 

4,428 

13 

501 

2,374 

3,226 

2,148 

704 

425 

30 

198 

15 

48 


98 


20.444 


(Continued  on  Page  252) 


252 


Table  Continued: 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Kind 


V. 


Sawmills  and  packing-case  factories. 

Wood  products  factories 

Cooperages 

Wood-turning  establishments .  . .... 

Brush  factories 

Basket  factories .'.'.'. 

Cork  product  factories '.. . 

Carriage  factories 

Wagon  factories 

Toy  factories 


Total,  wood  industry . 


VI. 


VII. 


Tanneries 

Leather  factories . 


Total,  leather  industry. 


Grindstone  yards 

Brick  yards .................'.'. 

Limestone,  chalk  and  stone  quarries . ! ! . .  i . . . . . 

Cement  factories .'.','.. 

Cement  product  factories  .....*.'.'!!!!!!!!!'..'."', 

Kaolin  treating  establishments 

Faience  and  porcelain  manufactories. ...... 

Potteries 

Gross  pottery,  manufactories  of  coarse  pottery  and 
tiles 

Glass  manufactories !!!!!!!!!!! 

Others 


Total,  stone,  clay,  and  glass  industry . 


VIII. 


I 


Goldsmiths 

Electroplate  and  nickel  manufactorieB.'. !!.!.!. 

Copperware  manufactories 

Tinware  manufactories '.......'. 

Manufactories  of  objects  in  metal.  ......... 

Galvanised  tin  factories 

Farriers !!!.*.... 

Locksmiths i  i  i  i  '!!!!!!!!!!!.*.*!!!! ! 

Tool  factories .'.*!!.*.'!!!!!!.'!.'..'." 

Pin,  needle  and  wire  factories!  !!.....*.'. 

Machinery  and  shipbuilding  (iron) .'.;,*.' 

Iron  foundries  and  machine  factories 

Construction  plants •  •  •  •  • 

Bicycle  and  sewing  machine  factories  and  repair 
shops 

Arms  and  munitions .'.*.'.*.'.*.* 

Watch  and  clock  factories. .......'...!.!! 

Musical  instrument  factories 

Electro-mechanical    manufactories    and    electric 

installation 

Others 


Total,  metal  industries. 


IX.       Electric  plants 

Gas  plants !.'.'.'.*!!!.*.'!!!! 

Peat  product  factories.  ...'.* .' .' .' .'  .* .'  .* .'  .* .' ' 

Match  factories !.!!*"" 

Manufactories  of  articles  in  rubber.  ..V. . 
Manufactories  of  insulation  and  asphalt . 

I>yeing  and  cleaning  works 

Manufactories  of  soda .'..'. 

Fertiliser  factories '.'.'.'.'. 

Oil  plants !!!.!!!.!.. 

Soap  and  soluble  glass  factories.  . . 

Various  chemical  products 

Others 


No.  of 
Factories 


468 

353 

776 

421 

207 

177 

42 

1,735 

1 

5 


4,185 

109 
49 


158 

430 

52 

102 

8 

499 

2 

6 

80 

462 
21 
32 


1.694 

319 

29 

104 

890 

66 

25 

4.904 

348 

33 

20 

9 

421 

831 

991 

43 

1.113 

98 

293 
107 


10,644 

412 

106 

77 

4 

12 

34 

144 

8 

10 

12 

64 

103 

159 


Total,  technical  and  chemical  industries I        1,145 


Personnel 


Using 

mechanical 

power  (other 

than  wind  or 

water) 


3,436 

1.821 

1,905 

977 

655 

522 

366 

3.343 

400 

12 


13,437 

861 
360 


1.221 

1,644 

543 

1.184 

2.063 

1,950 

87 

1.205 

347 

8.701 

1,587 

174 


19,485 

1,480 
637 
514 

2.465 

1,111 

1.756 
10.726 

1.971 
236 
749 

6.875 
16.233 

6.040 

3.037 

1,224 

1,724 

785 

8,733 
538 


62,919 

1.467 

2.750 

1.218 

466 

375 

346 

1.184 

201 

375 

723 

974 

976 

1,978 


13.033 


409 

120 

71 

243 

16 

5 

32 

763 

1 

1 


1,661 

68 
14 


72 

47 

28 

27 

8 

61 

2 

5 

19 

392 

17 

3 


613 

51 

25 

51 

45 

59 

22 

1,068 

112 

19 

7 

9 

410 

567 

155 
14 
14 
19 

72 

54 


2,763 

412 

96 

58 

4 

6 

14 

63 

8 

8 

11 

32 

36 

82 


830 


Horsepower 


9.195 

2,340 

1.417 

826 

87 

9 

126 

3,721 

350 

2 


18,073 

1,300 
129 


1,429 

708 
567 
648 
11,317 
825 
196 
617 
68 

12,999 

462 

7 


28.415 

344 

199 

183 

89 

998 

1,548 

3,465 

747 

273 

1,923 

6,592 

9,588 

4.774 

807 

995 

15 

299 

708 
253 


33,680 

(88,636) 

3,994 

747 

315 

603 

386 

1,263 

302 

1,329 

3,065 

535 

388 

1,973 


14,900 


Continued  on  page  153 


DENMARK 


253 


Table  Continued: 


Kind 


No.  of 
Factories 


Personel 


Using 

mechanical 

power    (other 

than  wind  or 

water 


Horsepower 


X. 


XI. 


Manufactories  of  pulp,  paper  and  cardboard. 

Manufactories  of  colored  paper 

Manufactories  of  boxes,  envelopeis  and  paper  bags. 

Total,  paper  industry 

Binderies 

Printing  plants,  etc. ........"." 

oJh^r''.'^;;;:;:::;::;;:;::;.-;;;;;.-;;;;;;;; 

Total,  publishing  and  art  industries 

Grand  total 


16 

7 

83 


106 

516 

640 

636 

49 


1,519 

173 

1,858 


1,841 


82,494 


3,550 

2.468 

8,087 

1,198 

408 


11 

7 

47 


12,161 


350,194 


65 

72 
520 


7,194 
111 
355 


11 


603 


15,579 


7,660 

184 
3.783 


272 


4,239 


229,843 


Railroads: 

own^''*^*  ^^""^^  ^"^  "°^  ^'^  ™'^^''  ""^  "^^'"^  ^'^^^  ^'^  '*^*^  °^^  ^^^  ^'^^  *^«  privately 
Post  Offices: 

In  1917-18  there  were  1,219;  there  were  12,297  letter  boxes,  and  213,541,534  letters 
Were  carneci. 

Telegraph: 

■>nH  l^oZTr  ^"^ °®'^ '°  ^®"'^*'  '^^  ^'^  '^«'  °f  ^^'  ^^"^  ^''^^  3,834,463  paid 
and  242,521  free  messages. 

Telephones: 

.t..'^*  stfte-owned  telephone  system  had  23,965  rnUes  of  line,  with  eighty-three  central 
stations,  162  rural  stations,  and  2,469  subscribers  in  1917-18.    There  were  2  373  102 

m,W^rmfi7?'^K  '°l'^  "°"!fZ*'T-    '^^  P"^***''^  "^"^  ^y^^-^  had'395;891 
Un        e^  subscribers  and  380,782,400  conversations  in  the  same  year. 

corr^Stnt*'"'  '^^^*  °^  ""*  *^'"*'^'  ^™'°  *"'*  ^"^^"^  "*  "^  '"  commercial 

Local  Advertising  Media: 

most^™  '"^T  daily  papers  in  Demnark  have  a  national  circulation  and  constitute  the 

ITnnTn  r   advertismg  media.    Posters  and  electric  display  signs,  as  well  as  railway 

stations  and  tram  cars  are  extensively  employed  as  media. 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures: 

Uz,if2?lT***^  """  ^i^*  ^°*  ^P'"™"  ^"""^  °'  1**  "e-  '"ith  a  par  value  of  $0,268 
Umt^  States  currency.    There  are  gold  20  and  10  kroner  pieces,  silver  2  kroner  pieces  and 

moni  .  ""*  "f^:    ^^  ™*"''  '^"'^  °f  ''^'S'"^  »■«»  -"easures  prevails.    The 

Md  SnT  "°"*      measurement  are  identical  in  Demnark  and  its  possessions 

Consuls : 

Odei^"''**'  ^^^  *^°'"'"  °®"*''  ""*  »*»«°°«d  at  Aalborg,  Aarhus,  Copenhagen,  Esbjerg, 

P™,?T*''a"°'""^u°®^^  *■*  stationed  at  Mobile,  Los  Angeles,  San  Francisco,  Denver, 
s'  S  4  ^'"^'  ,Ho°ol"l",   Chicago,   New  Orleans,  Balthnore,   Boston,   Detroit 
pLi!  ;  ^)-y"^\  ^,*h  lovelocks  (Nevada),  New  York  City,  Grand  Forks  (N.  Dakota) 
Portland  (Oregon),  Philadelphia,  Manila  (P.  I.),  Humacao  (P.  R.)  Mayaguez  (P.  R 


254 


^^PORTEWS  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Sr  L^.i'  ^.S  L^i  ?v^ir42-'°"'  ^"  ^'  ^"^'  ^--^  -- 

Shipping  Routes: 

Scandinavian  American  L'ne. 
Consular  Regulations: 

Cus W  "Sr  ""  '""^  ""'  ■"'  "^""'""^  "«  ™P°-1  -  to  --Sht^.  -easure^,  etc. 

pay  ;:rdX'::fL^rwi^'-^™*"^"--'-'«-^^^ 

Mail  Time:  To  Copenhagen,  ten  days. 
Parcel  Post; 

International  Reply  Coupons:  Valid  in  both  Denmark  and  Iceland. 

FAROE  ISLANDS 

Nor™^*«n7n  ^^^"t'  '^"^  "  *''"  ^'^°''''  ■'^"»''«<=  t°  ">«  -orth  of  Scotland  and  between 
of  LT,nL  Q  o^*"""^'  "^  P""^"'^  of  De°^'k-    Their  population  in  1911  waa  lIZ 


GREENLAND 

(f=ee  under  North  America) 


ICELAND 

unitJ^''to''^.l'!^Zlfr"''"'  Ti  "^^  "  "^"^^  -  "  ---«-  "'"te, 
foreign  affata  "  ""'  government  of  a  common  king,  and  in  the  transaction  of 

Area  and  Population 
Area  and  population  of  Iceland  in  1910: 


Divisions 


An* 
8q.  M. 


The  South- West 

The  West 

The  North   . 

The  East 

The  South 

Total 


Population 


Population 
per  Sq.  M. 


4.125 
3.658 

13.695 
5.954 

12.277 


39,709 


27,863 
13.386 
20.971 
8,585 
14.378 


I 


85,183 


68 
37 
15 
14 
12 


21 


the  fisheri..  e.^T.^t^Z^Z  ^m^  aTdtdt^ "'  "'""  '" 


ICELAND 


255 


Commerce 
for  Iv^  yli:  ^"'^  '°"^  '^"  °'  '"'  ''"*^  ^***^  "*"■  ^'^'»°<'  '"'<»  ^aroe  Islands* 


Year 


EXPOR' 


;T8 


Domestic 


Foreign 


Total 


Imports 


Free 


Dutiable 


1909... 

1910... 

1911... 

1912... 

1913. . . 

1914... 

1915... 

1916.. 

1917.. 

1918.. 

1919.. 


Total 


S28,982 

3,106 

5,599 

18,968 

33,977 

15,855 

162,579 

216.544 

1,360,396 

1.846.141 


20,561 

34,903 

43,168 

168.147 


$28,982 

3,106 

5,599 

18,968 

33,977 

15,855 

183,140 

251,447 

1,403,564 

2,014,288 

3,884,961 


$14,374 

16.428 

53 

12,498 

133 


83,465 

56,273 

441,133 

774,425 


Note:  *Include8  "Greenland"  prior  to  1911. 


Per 

Cent 

Free 


Excess  of 
Exports    (♦) 

or 
Imports  (-) 


$63,210 

140.231 

53 

30.077 

99,125 

86.813 

83,866 

56,273 

444.359 

777,663 

905,774 


22.74 

11.71 

100.00 

41.55 

.13 


99.52 

100.00 

99.28 

99.58 


-$34,228 

-137.125 

♦5.546 

-11,109 

-65.148 

-70,958 

♦99,274 

♦195,174 

♦959.205 

♦1.236,625 

♦2.979.187 


Value  of  principal  imports  and  exports  of  Iceland  in  1917: 


Imports 


ExpoRxa 


ConSSmiik; ." ." ; *?fi  ?S 

Cheese                       Io,d09 

Other  animal  pix>ducta ." .'  .*  .'.■;.;;; JJ'Sa 

P°7»Ued  grains ;    ff'fjf 

Milled  grains a^'tH 

?^i^^^^^''^- :::::::::::::::  %'dll 

Other  aKricuiturai  products .' .' ."  .■.■.■;;::.■■  ^I'lS 

Frmt  (fresh  and  dn*«i) ::;  ^^ 

Sffee" 67,484 

Chocolate  and  coc^: ;::::::: ^^'^l 

teS •••••••••  2o:EiI 

Tobacco  and  cigars.' .' .' J?'I2? 

A^hoiicbeverU.. ..:::::::::::::::;  'lill 

16.376 


s|Sl?eather.- shoes." ;::::::::::::::::  'if!:!?? 

w-d..:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::  lllill 

iiTf.'^°d^w.:::::.\::::::::::::::::  ^tl'lol 

Metal  and  mietal  products .' ." .' ."       ." .' .'  .* .'  .*  370,'324 

sairSutton ;." .■.■;::::: ^^«  t?f 

Butter !!!:::::::: ilk 

Other  animal  pioducts .    .        qa? 

Fresh  fish .  g? J 

Salt  fish *'|J| 

Wool :::.::::: ^?'??2 

Sheepskins i'^i^ 

Guano ] j'H^ 

Whale  fat  and  oil g'Jgg 


in  19^^:  ''''"'  °^  ^°"^^  '^'  °^  ^"^^  "*"'  P'^'^P""  ~'«"ri«»  of  origin  and  destination 


Countries 


^nmark 
great  Briuin." 

Sweden 

V,ermany.  .  . 

Netherlands." 
Spain. 

United  States.. 


Imports 


FROM 


1915 


Exports  to 


1915 


$3,043,208 

$4,061,509 

2,151,106 

1,494.104 

706,149 

2.767.599 

184.452 

563,686 

312,253 

49 

138,854 

e 

115,275 

1.152.307 

48,197 

468,624 

297,784 

76.661 

im 


256 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Value  of  foreign  trade  of  Iceland  for  five  years: 


1911 

1912 

1913 

1914 

1915 

Imports 

$3,779,622 
4.199,040 

$4,107,288 
4,428,202 

$4,474,018 
5,119,091 

$4,846,980 
5,574,672 

Exports 

$  7,027.749 

10.606.668 

Production  and  Industry 

Almost  the  whole  of  Iceland  is  agriculturaUy  unproductive;  the  only  crops  raised  are 
hay,  potato^  and  turmps.  In  1917  there  were  about  43,680  tons  of  hay,  890  tons  of 
potato^,  "^d  448  tons  of  turnips  grown.  In  1916  the  Uvestock  consisted  of  49.146  hors«i, 
26,175  head  of  cattle,  589,343  sheep  and  1,358  goats. 

W.W  ^^^®  "iT,r'*  ^^^  ^^^  *°^«^  '°  *•>«  ««''«"«.  of  "l^oh  ninety-five,  with  a 
totel  tonnage  of  3,721,  were  saflboats;  forty,  with  a  total  tonnage  of  990,  were  mot^rboats, 
^twenty^  with  a  total  tonnage  of  6,307  were  steamboats.  The  total  value  of  the 
product  of  the  fisheries  m  that  year  was  $3,966,400  (14,800,000  Kroner),  of  which  the  share 

^7l^7i.^^t"l  Tk  ^^^t^-  '^^^  '"^"'='  "'  *•>*  ''*™8  fishery  was  valued  at 
906i,{H)Z,  and  that  of  the  shark  fishery  at  $39,396. 

Internal  Communications: 

TV.  "^^^"^  oin '"''  ^f'Z^^^  ^  ^'^^^'^'  ^°  ^^^^  *^«^^  ^«'«  *^x>"t  310  miles  of  carriage  road. 
There  are  240  post  offices  and  137  telegraph  and  telephone  offices.  There  were  139.278 
tele^ams  sent  m  1917,  of  which  88,574  were  local.    Telephone  conversations  numbered 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures:  As  in  Denmark. 
Shipping  Routes  Consular  Regulations  etc.:  See  Denmark. 
Language:    See  Denmark. 


FINLAND 


257 


FINLAND 

(See  Map,  page  352.) 
A  country  in  northwestern  Europe  formerly  a  part  of  the  Russian  Empire,  and  sepa- 
rated  from  Sweden  by  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia.  In  area,  Finland  is  larger  than  the  combined 
states  of  Rhode  Island,  Connecticut,  New  York,  New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania  and  Delaware 
The  pnncipal  commercial  centers  are  Helsingfors  and  Tammerfors,  the  former  being 
larger  than  Syracuse.  The  climate  of  Finland  is  cold  in  winter,  and  as  warm  in  summer 
as  that  of  the  New  England  states. 

The  most  important  industries  of  Finland  are  lumbering,  agriculture  and  dairy  farm- 
ing.  Manufacturmg  largely  centers  in  Helsingfors  and  Tammerfors,  and  the  principal 
estabUshments  mclude  saw  mills,  paper  and  pulp  factories,  textile  factories  and  flour 
mills. 

Large  quantities  of  American  tools,  flour,  agricultural  implements,  tobacco  cotton 
motors,  etc.,  were  unported  by  Finland  previous  to  the  war,  but  owing  to  the  fact  that 
such  goods  were  ordinarily  shipped  via  Germany,  England  or  Sweden,  Finnish  statistics 
show  only  relatively  small  direct  imports  from  the  United  States,  such  imports  being 
credited  m  most  instances  to  the  country  of  transshipment. 

The  direct  route  from  Stockhohn  to  Petrograd  is  via  Helsingfors,  and  in  normal  times 
IS  heavily  travelled. 

The  per  capita  imports  of  Finland  in  1913  amounted  to  $28.76  The  per  capita 
^ports  of  Finland  in  1919,  estimated  from  statistics  given  below,  wiU  be  approximately 
voo.iu,  exports  ipa.Of  • 

Area  and  Population 

Finland  stretches  across  ahnost  exactly  the  same  degrees  of  latitude  as  Alaska  and 
covers  144,252  square  miles,  of  which  79.7  per  cent,  is  forest  and  uncultivated  land'  11  7 
per  cent,  water;  5.7  per  cent,  cultivated;  and  2.9  per  cent,  pasture  land.  On  December 
0  cnollf;  ^^!^''^  ^  3,325,003  inhabitants,  of  whom  521,208  lived  in  38  towns,  and 
2,803,795  in  the  country.  The  density  of  population  is  slightly  over  23  to  the  square  mile 
m  1910,  when  the  population  was  2,921,297,  there  were  1,937,198  persons,  or  66  3  per 
cent  of  the  population,  engaged  in  agriculture;  357,220  or  12.2  per  cent.,  in  industry 
M,^51,  or  2.9  per  cent.,  m  traffic  and  transit;  64,589,  or  2.2  per  cent.,  in  trades;  and  477  839^ 
n7n;^9rAr''ho'noIf"r  ''*^!f  occupations.      The  principal  towns  are  Helsm^or^ 

Kf 'i^      .^^;?fii J^T''^^''  ^^^'^^^^^  ^^^°^«  (2^'329);  Uleaborg  (21,605);  Vasa 
(24,430);  Kuopio   (17,587);   Bjomeborg   (15,571). 

Commerce 
Total  foreign  trade  of  the  United  States  with  Finland  for  nine  years: 


Year 

ended 

June 

30, 


1911 
1912 
1913 
1914 
1915 
1916 
1917 
1918 
1919 


Exports 


Domestic 


Foreign 


Total 


Imports 


Free 


Dutiable 


$2,207,482 

2.389,241 

3,615.485 

3,901.686 

327,399 

381,296 

676.052 

68.360 


Total 


$9,000 
1,393 

'  'l'254 

1,631 

39,197 


Per 

cent 
free 


Exce33  of 
exports  (♦) 

or 
imports  (-) 


$2,216,482 

2,390.634 

3.615.485 

3,902.940 

329.030 

420.493 

576.052 

68.360 

9,509.167 


$30,566 
17.807 
28.938 
86.157 

140.128 

35.013 

2.990 


$159,489 

162.140 

97,201 

30.719 

3.363 

1.825 

5.318 

2,179 


$190,055 

179.947 

126,139 

116.876 

143,491 

36.838 

8.308 

2.179 

309.053 


16.08 
9.89 
22.94 
73.71 
97.66 
95.05 
35.99 


$♦2,026,427 
*2,210.687 
*3.489.346 
*3,786.064 

♦  185.539 
+  383.655 

♦  567,744 

♦  66.181 
*9.200,114 


258 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Trade  for  5  months  in  1919: 


Month 


Imports 


Exports 


Month 


January. 
February 
March .  . 
April. . . . 


$13,413,500 
13.934,600 
23,681,100 
31,980,100 


Imports 


$2,489,700 
2,779,200 
1,428.200 
2,856,400 


Exports 


May. 


Total 


$38,889,500 
$121,898,800 


$3,802,100 
$13,355,600 


The  latest  reports  show  that  during  the  first  ten  months  of  1919  Finlan^v  • 
Foreign  trade  of  Finland  for  three  years: 


Countries 


1913 


Imports 
from 


Exports 
to 


1914 


Imports 
from 


Exports 
to 


Russia 

Sweden  and  Norway. 

Denmark 

Germany 

Great  Britain 

Spain 

France 

Other  countries 


Total. 


$27,058,214 

5.422,142 

5,665,129 

39,089,255 

11,707,380 

519,556 

1,372,809 

4,784,277 

$95,618,762 


1915 


Imports 
from 


$21,867,093 
3,536,918 
2,299,788 
10,065.143 
20,953.045 
2.350.740 
7.435.904 
9.617,576 

$78,126,207 


$28,003,721 

8,064,891 

3,399,888 

22,846,954 

6,488,467 

287,763 

865,798 

3,593,660 

$73,551,142 


Note:     Conversion  at  the  normal  rate  of  $0,193  to  the  mark. 


$24,213,201 
4,996,577 
1,413,339 
4,040,841 
13.027,307 
1,094,503 
2,704,509 
3,549,463 

$55,039,740 


$74,304,421 

31,636,560 

2,393,007 

1,340,192 

944,642 

74,305 

351,260 

781.650 


Exports 
to 

$39,405,196 
11,969,860 


52,110 


$111,825,937      $51,427,166 


The  chief  articles  of  export  are:  timber  ($7,007,637  in  1915)  butter  r«7  n*;  17q^ 

IsJ'Tj""'  '"'!?'*"  «•«'<':  f  reals  $28,713,575,  coffee  and  chicory   $5,651812   sumr 
13,659,666,  also  chemicals,  leather  ware,  tobacco,  colors,  oils,  leather  aid  hife 

Production  and  Industry 

In  1910  there  were  284,188  farms.    Of  these,  143,933  were  less  th«n  fiii 
extent;  88,398  ranged  from  6.41  to  24.70  acres;  37,749  rknged  W  2!  70T  ^noyT""  '' 
13,209  ranged  from  102.75  acres  to  247  acres'  there  wereRc^  f«l        ?         to  102.75  acres; 
in  extent.     Value  of  principal  farm  product;  t  1915  and^/r'      ""'  '''  "" 


Products 


1915 


1916 


Flax 

Wheat 

Rye 

Barley 

Oats 

Peas  and  beans 
Buckwheat.  . 


Products 


$162,863 

470.691 

15,330.303 

5.463.784 

19.510,276 

471,651 

5,045 


$216,449 

528,830 

16,831,940 

6,312,610 

19,510,534 

525,462 

6,224 


1915 


1916 


Hay 

Potatoes. .  . 

Straw 

Turnips,  etc 
All  other .  . . 

Total .  . 


$31,927,106 

7.979,106 

7,021,129 

936.216 

523.829 

$89,801,999 


$45,656,272 

9,553,843 

8,882,467 

889,865 

619,059 

$109,433,555 


FINLAND 


259 


Statifltics  for  1916,  showing  the  harvest,  imports,  consumption  etc.: 


Domestic 
consumption 


Wheat .  . 

Rye 

Barley .  . 

Oats 

Potatoes. 


Bushels 

14.740.000 

552.640,000 

227,200,000 

855,360,000 

1,076,220,000 


Bushels 

526,460,000 

676,940,000 

12,100,000 

660,000 

6,600,000 


Bushels 

2,200,000 

78,320,000 

47.740.000 

172.040,000 

223,960,000 


Bushels 

2,860.666 

4.620.000 

880.000 


Bushels 

539.000,000 

1,148.400.000 

^     187.000.000 

(a)  682,880,000 

(a)  849,860,000 


n'^xt^eaV'^  '''^  discrepancy  noted  probably  represents  the  amount  of  oats  and  potatoes  carried 

Livestock  in  1916,  by  provinces: 


over  to   the 


Provinces 


Horses 


Cattle 


Provinces 


Nyland 

Abo,  Bjorneborg,  and  Aland 

Tavastehus 

V'ibor^ ,  ,[[ 

St.  Michaels 


27,247 
49,011 
32.548 
44.082 
18.961 


Horses 


95.297 
169.791 
111.136 
149.048 

87.205 


Cattle 


Kuopio . . . 

Vasa 

Uleaborg . 

Total 


29.435 
48.057 
26.274 

275.615 


157.813 
174.893 
135.375 

1.0S0.558 


During  1914  the  number  of  horses  attaining  the  age  of  3  years  wa^  ^OT  nm  o  ^     ..r 
over  2  years,  1,178,000.  «ftc  ui  o  >ears  was  d01,000,  and  cattle 


Statistics  of  the  number  and  distribution  of  dairies 


in  1916: 


Nyland 

Abo.  Bjorneborg,  and  Aland 

Tava-stchus 

Viborg ! ! . 

St.  Michael 

Kuopio 

\r                         ■ 
asa 

Uleaborg 


Total. 


22 
31 
14 
3 
6 
10 
4 
6 

96 


1 
9 
6 
3 
1 
1 
4 
8 

33 


_      The  production  of  butter  in  pounds  by  these  dairies 


12 

93 

32 
25 
23 
60 
82 
57 

384 


35 
133 
52 
31 
30 
71 
90 
71 

513 


m  1916  was  as  follows; 


Provinces 


Private 


^'ylarK^ 

ijbo.  Bjornelxirg,  and  Aland 

Uvastehus 

♦ iborg .  

!<•  Michael!. ■■.■.!.■ 

Kuopio 

Va.sa  

TTl         .' 

^-leaborg 


Company 
owned 


Cooperative  Total 


Total . 


931.638 

612.0r)i 

62.352 

78,335 

154,029 

'  31,556 


1,869,965 


342,509 
221,657 


564,166 


410,604 
859,705 
206,060 


6,692 
14,660 


1.497,721 


1.342,242 

1,814.275 

490,069 

78.335 

154.029 

6.692 

46,210 


3.931,852 


millJ^^o^^f*^''''^  ^''''^*'  "^"^^^  30,988,834  acres.     In  1914  there  were  28S  n^:7~ 
^^h  578  steam  saw  mills,  and  157  driven  by  water  °'^*^'  '^^ 


i-PE2duetio^^  ^^^^'  ^-^^^>-^  ^^'^^  -rke.. 


Year 


1!)12 

191.3' 

1914 


I 


260 


EXPORTERS  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


In  1914  industries  employed  112,835  workmen,  with  a  production  for  the  year  of 
$3,892,419.  The  number  of  industrial  establishments  was  5,024.  The  motive  power 
used  was  338,622  horsepower,  of  which  154,560  was  supplied  by  water  power,  136,031  by 
steam  power,  8,917  by  internal-combustion  motors,  38,670  by  electric  motors,  and  444 
by  other  motors. 

The  following  table  shows  the  number  of  establishments,  the  motive  power,  the  num- 
ber of  workers,  the  expenditure  for  labor,  the  value  of  raw  materials,  and  the  value  of 
products  in  the  principal  industries  of  Finland  in  1914: 


Industries 


Number 
of  es- 
tablish- 
ments 


Horse- 
power 


Number 

of 
workers 


Amount 
paid  to 
workers 


Value  of 
raw 

materials 


Value  of 
products 


Food  products 

Flour  mills 

Sugar  factories 

Tobacco  factories 

Leather  and  hair 

Leather  factories  and  tanneries 

Footwear  factories 

Lighting  power,  and  water  trans- 
portation  

Mechanical  workshops  (including 

works  for  building  steel  ships) 
Paper  industry 

Mechanical  pulp  factories .... 

Chemical  pulp  factories 

Paper  factories 

Printing  establishments 

Smelting  and  refining  works .... 
Stone,  clay,  glass,  coal,  and  peat 

industries 

Quarrying,  cutting,  and  polish- 
ing the  stone 

Tile  and  brick 

Glass 

Textile  industries 

Wool 

Cotton 

Wood  industries 

Sawmills 

Total 


2,917 

45.836 

11,448 

2.469 

38,000 

2.791 

6 

2.495 

786 

21 

865 

3,239 

85 

2,918 

2,956 

55 

2.083 

1,500 

18 

728 

1,151 

96 

50.375 

1,401 

176 

10.477 

12,582 

134 

118,775 

12.496 

45 

73.612 

3,059 

18 

12.843 

2,777 

25 

30.908 

4,856 

133 

1,628 

2,698 

108 

11.189 

3,726 

332 

11.246 

8,923 

39 

1,021 

1,397 

145 

3,784 

2,594 

14 

596 

1,601 

145 

22.780 

15,555 

29 

5.236 

3,369 

7 

14.244 

7,137 

756 

58.662 

31,371 

599 

48,111 
568,412 

25,115 
164,528 

8,372 

$1,759,214 

202.225 
526,928 
614,589 
333.561 
232.796 

402.115 

3.135.265 
2.320.632 
557.712 
589.344 
909.049 
770.089 
802,339 

1,476,064 

309,822 

320,495 

301,774 

2.421.397 

528,569 

1,055.362 

5.143.392 

4.002.472 

28,715,205 


$30,146,329 
16.356.132 
5,524.953 
2.083.068 
3,808,119 
2.581.452 
1,079,764 

138,072 

4,562,790 
9,374.222 
1 ,500.092 
2.162.101 
5,143,044 
735.696 
3,055,228 

737.028 


119.312 

7.393.907 

2.224.807 

2.706.246 

19.026.229 

17.321.672 

$137,798,323 


$39,592,869 
18.207.542 
6.389.438 
5.131,387 
5.798,048 
3,903,830 
1,656,075 

2,213,806 

9.927,688 
19.585.138 
3,580.265 
5,061.579 
9.793.186 
2,112.056 
6.129,766 

4.217.127 

646.936 

681.907 

950.409 

14,768.610 

3.984.832 

6.011.216 

28.844,872 

25,114,684 

$223,303,266 


The  following  table  shows  the  number  of  waterfalls  in  Finland  with  capacities  of 
different  horsepowers  from  5,000  to  10,000: 


6,000  to  10.000  horsepower 
10,000  to  20.000  horsepower 
20,000  to  30,000  horsepower 
30,000  to  40.000  horsepower 


Waterfalls 

23 

19 

8 

12 


40,000  to    50,000  horsepower 

50,000  to    60.000  horsepower 

60.000  to  100.000  horsepower 

100.000  to  300.000  horsepower 


Waterfalls 
5 
4 
2 
6 


Average  production  in  Finland  of  sawn  timber,  wood  pulp,  cardboard  and  paper  during 
pre-war  years: 


Articles 


Timber,  sawn 

Wood  pulp  and  cardboard 
Paper 


FINLAND 


261 


The  foUowing  table  shows  the  average  exports  of   these  commodities  during  ore- 
war  years:  *  ^'^*^ 


Articles 


Tons 


Value 


Articles 


Timber,  all  kinds. 
Wood  pulp: 

Mechanical . . . . 

Chemical 


Tons 


(a)8,500,000 

45,000 
75,000 


$38,600,000 

772,000 
2,895,000 


Value 


Paper 

Cardboard . 


Note:  (a)  Cubic  meters,  equivalent  to  about  3,000,000,000  board  feet. 


150.000 
50,000 


$8,685,000 
1,544,000 


Railways: 

Th.  Ittr  T  ^'^^^"f  ^^  ^^^^^y«  i'^  1914;  all  but  220  miles  belonging  to  the  state. 
moditiL     ^^  '"^  ^^*'  "^""'^  19,495,346  passengers  and  4,419,000  tons  of  com- 

Internal  Waterways : 

Finland  has  a  large  system  of  lakes  connected  with  each  other  and  with  the  Gulf  of 
Finland  by  canals.  v-v***  w 

Post  Offices:    Numbered  2,445  in  1914. 
Money;  Weights  and  Measures: 

(10.193).  There  are  gold  corns  of  20  and  10  marks,  silver  coins  of  2,  1*  and  1  The 
paper  currency  is  normally  convertible  at  par  into  gold  but  is  greatly  depreciated.  (In 
quotmg  exchange  the  customary  term  for  Finnish  marks  is  finmarks.)  The  metric  system 
of  weights  and  measut«8  obtains.  oysiem 

Consular  Representatives: 

officid'Tn  Ne^Tyor^**"  *""  "  """'"'"  *'*'"*'  "'  Helsingfo™.    Finland  has  a  consular 

Language: 

corrj^nden^.**'"  ^^^^  °'  "**  '^""*'^-    ^'"^^  ''  "'^"""'^  "^  '"  commercial 
Shipping  Routes: 

Swedish-American  Line. 

Transatlantic  S.  S.  Co. 

Shipments  to  Finland  may  also  be  made  via  Swedish  and  other  European  ports. 
Customs  TariflF:    The  tariff  imposes  specific  duties  upon  over  two  hundred  articles. 
Consular  Regulations:     No  consular  docimients  are  required. 
Cable  Rates:     From  New  York  or  New  England  states  $0.43  per  word. 
Postal  Rates:    Postal  Union  Rates. 
Mail  Time:    About  10  days. 
Parcels  Post:    Service  does  not  extend  to  Finland. 
Money  Orders:    Issued, 
^temational  Reply  Coupons:   Not  issued. 


262 


EXPORTERS  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


FRANCE 


'\    /  I 

^  %      J;  X' 


263 


FRANCE 

A  republic  in  western  Europe.  The  capital  and  principal  city  of  France  is  Paris, 
and  with  the  few  exceptions  of  certain  raw  materials,  the  import  trade  of  France  centers 
m  Pans. 

Agriculture  is  an  important  industry,  and  before  the  war  about  20  per  cent  of  the 
population  was  engaged  in  it,  as  compared  with  about  23  per  cent,  in  Germany  and"  5 
per  cent,  m  Great  Britian.  Potatoes,  corn,  wheat,  miUet  and  beets  are  among  the  im- 
portant crops.  Silk  culture  is  of  great  importance.  The  grape  is  cultivated  on  a  most 
extensive  scale,  and  the  making  of  wine  is  one  of  the  principal  industries  of  France. 

Manufacturing  industries  are  very  highly  developed,  the  principal  ones  being  the 
production  of  articles  of  clothing  and  adornment,  textiles,  foodstuffs,  chemicals  machin- 
ery, perfumes,  jewelry  and  novelties.  Before  the  war  about  13  per  cent,  of  the  popu- 
lation of  France  were  employed  in  manufacturing  industries,  as  compared  with  about 
25  per  cent,  m  Great  Britain  and  17  per  cent,  in  Germany.    Through  the  acquisition  of  thr 


Saar  VaUey  coal  mines  France  adds  to  her  annual  output  17,100,000  tons  of  coal  and  the 
return  of  Alsace-Lorraine  assures  her  of  an  addifinnai  r,^^«,„i  •  .         ?   '         ^"^ 

^jjg  ^  ^^^  "^  ^"  aaoitional  normal  iron  ore  output  of  23,249,891 

The  per  capita  imports  of  France  in  1918  amounted  to  «97  O'J      Of  f  v.^  *  *  i  • 
of  PVance,  the  United  States  in  1918  supplied  337  ^r  tnt  "  """^  ^"^^ 

Area  and  Population 
Area  m  square  miles  and  population  of  France,  census  of  1911: 


Ain. 

Aisne 

Allier 

Basses-AJpcs 

Hautes-AlpM 

Alpes-Maritimes . . . 

Ard^he 

Ardennes 

Ari^ 

Aube 

Aude 

Aveyron 

Belfort 

Bouchea-du-RhAne . , 

CalvadoB 

Cantal 

Charente 

Charnete-Inf^rieure 

Cher 

Corrftze 

Corse 

Cote-d'Or ['.'. 

Cotes-du-Nord .  .  .  .  . 

Creuse 

Dordogne 

Doubs 

Drfime 

Eure [ 

Eure^t-Loir*. '.*.!."  .'.*.' 
I'lniat^re.. . 

gard ::::::: 

naute-Garonne. 
Gers 

Gtronde . .  .......,[ 

Hftrault 

Ille-«t-ViIaine.'.* 
Indre 

Indre-«t-Loii«"!!'"' 

wire 

Jura '  ■ ." 

litodes 

w»ire ' '  " 

Haute-Loii-e'. . .' 

I^re-Infdrieure.".;.'." 


2.248 
2,866 
2.848 
2.697 
2,178 
1,443 
2,144 
2,027 
1.892 
2,326 
2.448 
3.385 
235 
2.025 
2,197 
2.229 
2.305 
2.791 
2.819 
2,272 
3.367 
3.391 
2.786 
2.163 
3.550 
2.052 
2.632 
2.330 
2.291 
2.729 
2.270 
2.467 
2.428 
4.140 
2.402 
2,097 
2.664 
2.377 
3.178 
1,951 
3,604 
2,478 
1.852 
1,930 
2,693 


342,482 

530,226 

406.291 

107.231 

105,083 

356,338 

331,801 

218.896 

198,725 

240,755 

300,537 

369,448 

101,386 

205,532 

396.316 

223,361 

347,061 

450,871 

3.37,810 

309,646 

288,820 

350.044 

605.523 

266,188 

437,432 

299,935 

290,894 

323,763 

272,255 

809,771 

413,458 

432,126 

221,994 

829,095 

480,484 

608,098 

287,673 

341,205 

665,911 

252,713 

288,902 

271,231 

640,549 

303,838 

669,920 


Population  of  the  principal  cities: 


aty 

Paris. 

Jtarseme.:; 

Lyon 

&^*^  •  •    •      •  • . . . 

Nantes! 

Tpuipuae..".'; 

«.Etienne.. 


Population, 
1911 


2,888,110 
550,619 
523,796 
261,678 
217,807 
170,535 
149,576 
148,656 


Loiret. 
Lot. 

Lot-et-Garonne . 
Lozere. 

Maine-et-Loire . 
Manche . 

Marne.    . 

Haute-Mame. 
Mayenne. 

Meurthe-et-MoBdie . 
Meuae. . . . 

Morbihan . . 

Ni^vre. . . . 

Nord. 

Oise, 

Ome. 

Pae-de-Calais. ..'.'.'. 

Puy-<ie-D6me 

Baases-Pyrfinfes    .  . 
Hautee-Pyr^nfes... 

Pyrtofes-Orientales . 
Rhdne 

Haute-Sa6ne ...... 

Sa6ne-et-Loire. . 

Sarthe .'.■.■; 

Savoie 

Haute-Savoie.. . 
Seine [[ 

Seine-Inf^rieure 

Seine-et-Marne 

Seine-«t-Oi8e ....... 

Deux  Sevres 

Somme \ 

Tarn 

Tarn-et-Garonne .... 
Var 

Vaucluse .[ 

Vendue ,] 

Vienne "  .  * 

Haute-Vienne .... 

VoBgea 

Yonne ' 

Alsace-Lorraine. . . . ! 


aty 


2,629 
2,017 
2,078 
1,996 
2,811 
2,475 
3,187 
2,420 
1,986 
2,036 
2,408 
2,738 
2,658 
2,228 
2,272 
2,371 
2,606 
3,090 
2,977 
1,750 
1,598 
1,104 
2.073 
3.330 
2,410 
2.388 
1,744 
185 
2.448 
2.276 
2.184 
2.337 
2.443 
2,231 
1.440 
2.333 
1,381 
2.690 
2.711 
2.119 
2.303 
2.892 
5.604 


Total 212,658 


Nice .... 
Le  H&vre 
Rouen , . . 
Roubaix . , 
Naxicy. .. 
Reims.  . . 
Toulon .  .  , 
Amiens. . , 


364,061 
205,769 
268,038 
122,739 
508.149 
476,110 
436,315 
214,762 
297,730 
564,735 
277,950 
578,402 
299,310 
1,961,788 
411,023 
307,435 
1.068,156 
535,918 
433,315 
206,106 
212,981 
915.586 
257,606 
604.440 
419.370 
247.897 
256.138 
4,154,042 
877.383 
363,561 
817,617 
337,627 
520,161 
324,090 
182,537 
330,755 
238.656 
438.520 
332.276 
384.736 
433.914 
303.889 
1,874.084 


41.476,342 


Population, 
1911 


142.940 
136,159 
124.987 
122.723 
119.949 
115.178 
104.582 
93.207 


264 


EXPORTERS  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


NationaUty  and  number  of  foreigners  residing  in  France  before  the  war: 


Nationality 


Men 


Women 


Nationality 


German 44,734 

Hinglisb 

Auatrians 

Belgians 

Danes 

Spaniards 

Greeks 

Dutch 

Hungarian 

Italian 

Luxemburgers 

Norwegians 

Portuguese 


17,224 

9.010 

151,869 

718 

60,855 

2.068 

3.413 

2.006 

237,020 

8,478 

683 

658 


57.537 

23.154 

6.671 

135.257 

467 

44.905 

834 

3,005 

1.164 

182.214 

10,715 

393 

604 


Men 


Women 


Rumamans.  Serbs,  Bulgarians 

Russians 

Swedes 

Swiss 

Turks 

Americans  (United  States) '. 

Americans  (others) 

Africans 

Asiatics,  Oceanians. . . .  .  ^  ! 
Nationality  not  declared . . 


Totals. 


4.672 
19.088 

879 
41.066 
5.366 
3.098 
6.277 
2.300 

734 
1.977 


624.393 


3.408 

15.928 

653 

32,356 

2,766 

4,148 

6,847 

820 

524 

2.072 


535.442 


Commerce 

Value  of  the  total  foreign  trade  of  the  United  States  with  France  for  eleven  years: 


Year 

Ended 

June 

30 


EXPOBTS 


Domestic 


Foreign 


1909. 
1910. 
1911. 
1912. 
1913. 
1914. 
1915. 
1916. 
1917. 
1918. 
1919. , 


$107,464,412 
114,665,589 
132,869,150 
131,132,613 
142,498,860 
155.591,287 
367,274,974 
624.981,387 
1.008.185,806 
874,287,578 


$1,299,850 
2,961,877 
2,402,498 
4,256,238 
3,601.341 
4,227.637 
2,122.196 
3,870,601 
3,481.400 
9,447,343 


Total 


Imports 


Free 


Dutiable 


$108,764,262 
117,627.466 
135,271,648 
135,388,851 
146,100,201 
159,818,924 
369,397,170 
628,851,988 

1,011,667,206 
883,734,921 
976,696,797 


Total 


Per 
Cent. 
Free 


Excess  of 
Exports  (♦) 
or 
Imports  (-) 


$19,946,871 
36,541.972 
34,229.453 
42,622.854 
46,738.704 
46.001.190 
22.695,082 
28,749,487 
27,019,012 
13,988.939 


$88,440,466 
95,821,374 
81,185.331 
81,925,604 
90.139,286 
95,445,062 
54.463,658 
73.328.133 
81.050.694 
61,649,139 


$108,387,337 

132.363,346 

115.414.784 

124.548.458 

136.877.990 

141.446,252 

77,158.740 

102.077.620 

108,069,706 

75.638.078 

62.693.315 


18.40  +$376,925 
27.61  -14.735,880 
29.65  +19.856.864 
34.22  +10,840,393 

34.15  +9.222,211 
32.52  +18,372.672 

29.41  +292,238,430 

28.16  +526.774.368 
25.00  +903.597,500 
18.50  +80S.09fi,843 

♦914.003.4S2 


Details  of  the  foreign  trade  of  France  for  the  first  eight  months  of  1919: 


Articles 


Imports 


Exports 


Articles 


Food  products 
Raw  materials 
Mfd.  articles. . 


$1,054,411,110 
1,503,920,256 
1.007,429,892 


Imports 


Exports 


$97,644,104 
145,321,473 
487,014,849 


Parcel  Post . 
Total 


$3,565,811,253 


$64,492,487 


$794,473,113 


The  official  French  statistics  distinguish  between  general  trade,  which  includes  all 
goods  entering  the  country  and  leaving  it,  and  "special  trade,"  which  consists  in  imports 
for  use  m  France  only,  and  exports  of  French  origin  and  manufacture  only.  The  values 
are  fixed  annually  by  a  permanent  commission,  and  apply  finally  to  the  imports  and  ex- 
ports  of  that  year,  and  provisionally  to  the  imports  and  exports  of  the  ensuing  year,  at 
the  end  of  which  new  definitive  values  are  determined. 

Value  of  the  foreign  trade  of  France  for  six  years: 


Imports 


Exports 


1913.. 

1914. 

1915.. 


$1,625,317,076 
1,235,624,600 
2,129,909.400 


Imports 


Exports 


$1,327,881,881 
360.678,400 
759,918,200 


1916. 
1917. 
1918. 


$2,925,764,200 
5.317,932.615 
3,843,552,540 


$987,330,100 

1.160.4.50.714 

799,657,479 


FRANCE 


265 


Value  of  imports  and  exports  by  grand  divisions  in  1917  and  1918: 


principal  Groups 


Imports 


1917 


1918 


Principal  Groups 


Food  products .... 
Industrial  materiab. 
Manufactures 


Total . 


$1,348,177,375 
2,292.154.657 
1.677.600.583 


$5,317,932,615 


Exports 


1917 


$968,664,684 
1,694,151,105 
1,180.736,751 


$3.843,552.540 


1918 


Food  products 

Industrial  materials 

Manufactures 

Postal  packages .  . . . 


Total 


$96,235,397 

211,374.951 

787.902.621 

64,937.745 


Total  value  of  foreign  trade  during  1917  and  1918  by  countries  of 


$1.160.450,714 


$64,651,912 

178,654,310 

492,463,046 

63,888,211 


$799,657,479 


origin  and  destination: 


Countries 


Imports 


1917 


United  States. . . 
United  Kingdom 

Spain 

Argentina , 

Italy 

Algeria 

Braiil 

Switzerland 

Morocco 

Russia 

Belgium 

All  other 


1918 


Exports 


1917 


Total , 


$1,885,810,913 

1.313,877.415 

260,192,757 

201,951,340 

157,348,075 

131,728,676 

98,193,382 

98,166,941 

46,057,327 

29,607,937 

945,893 

1,094,051.959 


$1,297,501,172 

1.096,086,758 

109,546,028 

199,073,710 

138,535,786 

95.905,560 

80.791.151 

72,362,262 

25,180,903 

10,219,543 

881,431 

717,468,236 


$5,317,932,615 


$131,612,490 

195,166.358 

39.939,806 

27,062,267 

187,431,371 

101.070.433 

16,232,651 

94.509,784 

21,783,331 

80,859,087 

13,227,834 

250,555,302 


Value  of  principal  imports  in  1917  and  1918: 


$3,843,552,540     |    $1,160,450,714 


Articles 


Automobiles 

Pas.senger 

Commercial,  etc. . 
Foodstuflfs: 

Barley 

Com 

Oats 

Rye :; 

Wheat 

Wheat  flour. 


1917 


Cell'^i"^  and  other  material's'. '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'..'. 

Chemical  products : 

Coal-tar  product 9 

masisium  and  soda 

sl!^P^°^P^*^®^  *°^  chemical  fertilisers. 

synthetic  colors.  . 

Other 

Coal  and  manufactures  of : 

^nquets 

Coal ...         

Coke....:::;::: 

Coal  tar. .  

J^ocoa  beans,  raw! :::.:: 

Coffee 

Copper,  raw.  ." 

popper  sheets,  wire.' etc' .'.■.'.; .'..'. 

v-otton  and  manufactures  of: 

M)tton  textiles. 

«aw  and  linters . .    

flax. .  

J'eedstuffsi 

Bran . . . 

Hay  and  straw: :::::: 

«ice  waste...  

pjOii  cake  and  oil  meal.'.' .*::::::::::::::: 

fi^its,  tai)ie : : 

^as8  and  glassware'.'.; 

'""a_noand8imilar  fertili'te'rs :.'.'.'. 


$1,470,853 
64.999,891 

21,124,236 

17,794,214 

67,667,151 

772 

276,145,751 

89,372,896 

2,257,328 

28,041,742 

35,097,629 

3,770,641 

134,521 

31,687,898 

114,164,904 

20,076,053 
392,064,446 

24,350.424 
6,278,097 

24,522,966 

84,666.205 
113.016,554 

76,436,685 

62,594,725 
257,493,845 

54,509.762 
6,804,408 
6,175,421 

1.608,462 

944,156 

12,950.686 

190,684 

43,618,772 

16,592,982 

7,762,267 

341,996 


1918 


$71,701,237 

187.441.407 
31.464.211 
18.378.618 

154,928,241 
88.222,809 
14,871,422 
64,343,884 
17.007,160 
69,094 
5,676,709 

145,552,687 


$799,657,479 


1918 


$1,304,680 
33,586,246 

23,192.810 
15,917.096 
50,842,376 

2,016,657 

187,055,407 

72,878,537 

1,229,989 
43,735,537 

28,427,163 

1,764,406 

248,584 

35,971,533 

83,719.733 

22,083,832 
379,763,591 
18,759,021 
7,72.5,211 
21,333,834 
70,161,483 
91,327,600 
15,892,199 

94,848,692 
138,102,115 

72,179,491 
5,553,575 
6,085,290 

1.465,256 

1,787,566 

9.142.410 

967,509 

24.184,830 

15.378,047 

4,714,797 

479.605 


Continued  on  page  266. 


w 


' 


266 


Table  Continued: 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Articles 


Hides  and  skins: 

Prepared 

Raw 

Iron  and  Steel:    

Unmanufactured 

Machinery 

Tools  and  metal  work. 

Iron  ore 

Jute 

Lead 

Nickel 

Oils:  

Cottonseed 

Olive 

T»     1  

Palm 

Petroleum  crude  and  refined .  * 
Lubricating,  mineral . 
Phosphates: 

Natural 

Superphosphates ........  i 

Provisions: 
Butter.  .  .. 

Lard...::::::::::::::;:::;  ••• 

Meat,  fresh  and  refrigerated .  .*.'"' 

Tallow 

Rice  and  flour. 

Rubber:  

Crude 

Manufactured .......'.'..'. 

Saltpeter 

Seeds:  

Clover 

Beet :::::::::;::::::•• 

Other,  for  sowing 

Oilseeds  and  fruit  seeds 

Silk  and  manufactore*  of: 
Raw 

Manufactured. ... . . 

Yam 

Q„___.       

oajDir: 

French  colonial,  raw 

Foreign  raw,  cane 

Refined,  other  than  candied. 

Sulphur 

Tea 

Tin .■.■.■.::::::: 

Tobacco  and  manufactares  oiP: 

Cigars 

Cigarettes 

Other  manufactures 

Raw,  in  leaf 

J^«*»We8,  fresh,  salted  or  pr^Wed". 

Wood: 

For  building 

For  furniture 

Dyewood ....  

Wool:  

Manufactures  of 

Raw 

„  Yam .'*■■ 

Zinc 

Other  articles .".'.' 


1917 


Total. 


Value  of  principal  exports  in  1917  and  1918: 


$38,081,795 
67,858,221 

422,904,302 

187,936,645 

207,316,740 

6,371,702 

7.526,807 

17,216,214 

2,345,915 

3.855,175 
37,187,433 
11.748,875 
77,060.461 
55,085,674 

1,664,432 
54.619 

424,986 
7,691,629 

92,170.817 
6.648.724 

62.888,664 

37,426,560 
23,486.205 
78,801.614 

111.747 

1.193.319 

1.043.165 

126.941.311 

92.783.013 

11.247,654 

3,581,694 

11,899,029 
26,504,883 
65,428,828 
9,181,203 
2.115,087 
12,762,704 

552,559 

682.255 

493.887 

12,706,769 

4,779,452 

143,020,720 

18,408,147 

651,376 

5,621,318 

117,616,130 

94,067,236 

36.266,539 

35.451,591 

1.074.340.869 


$.5.317.932.618 


1918 


$11,712,591 
31,527.515 

291.112,901 

131,281.109 

130.200,695 

1.796,444 

1,092,766 

16.209,365 

1.003,600 

933,155 

8,254,996 

6,309,556 

94,117,415 

49,764,048 

2.662.242 
178,718 

564,718 

7,460.608 

100,714.155 

4,468,529 

46,615,097 

31,391,064 
19,979.360 
42,681,371 

1.122,102 

466.288 

2.025.535 

51,924,913 

102,867,649 
8,700.054 
7.425.675 

6.324,803 

13,720,370 

11,344,154 

8.814,889 

1.303.908 

16.019,772 

94.570 
1,035,252 
1.640.886 

19,528.705 
2.238,028 

81,129,287 

10,078.074 
1.160,702 
1,680.644 

96.468,155 
62,737,738 
31,295,915 
22,410.967 
665,734,779 


$3,843,552,540 


Articles 


Arms ' 

Books,  engravings,  and'lithogropha 

Building  materials.  .  

CnTll^J  fertilizere  and  superphosphates .' 
Coal  and  manufactures  of: 

Briquets. . . 

Coal 

Coke 


1917 


$8,614,941 

17,094.203 

2.214.096 

275,025 


1918 


$2,816,642 
9.534,972 

123,520 


1.240.990  2,084.593 

5,524,239                49,162.118 
892.626 1.387J77 

Continued  on  pace  1^' 


FRANCE 


^m         Table  Continued: 


Articles 


Clothing: 

Me°'«-, 

Womens 

Colors 

Cotton  and  manufactare'sof :' 

Manufactures .... 

Raw  and  waste.  ...■."  .* .' .' .' .' .' .' ; .' ; ; 

zam 

Fats  of  all  kinds. ....';; .' .' ." .' .' ." " ' ' ' 

Glass  and  glassware. . ...'.' 

Hides  and  skins:        

Prepared 

r>    _ 

Raw 

Iron  and  Steel:  

Ore 

iV     ,■ 

Machinery 

Tools  and  metal  goods 

Pig  iron,  iron  and  steel. ....'.." 
Leather  goods. . 

Musical  instruments 

Parisian  novelties,  brushes,"  buttons." 
Paper  and  manufactures  of 

Perfumery 

Porcelain  ware.  . 

Potatoes 

Provisions:     

Butter 

Cheese 

Margarine......::::;::::::;;;;; 

Kesins,  native. . . 

Rubber:  

Cmde 

Manufactures  of . ! ; : : ; ; ; 

Silks  and  manaf actnres  of: 

Raw 

suk  goods.:; 

Yam.^ 

Stone  and  earths 

Sugar...  

Tabiefruits;:::; 

Vegetable  oili       

Wheat  flour 

Wines..        

Wood; 

Furniture  and  woodenware. . , 

*  or  building 

Other..  

Wool:  

W^nufactures  of 

Yam.".:: :;;;;;;;;; 

Postal  packages : : ; 

OtherarticI^     .  ;; 

Total 


>  •  •  •  • 

)  •  •  •  • 


etc. 


I   •   •  • 
'   •  •  • 


I   •  •  • 
'   ■  •  • 


■  ••••• 

I  •  •  •  •  • 


1917 


$2,339,353 

27.847,005 

7,370,670 

63,153,165 
17,335,646 

2,505,912 
812,916 

5,257,706 

13,156,617 
15,530,903 

1.587,425 
16,051,231 
17,843,815 
12,335,016 
39,091,571 

3,388,501 
24,266,083 
21,196,997 
10,090,426 

1,724.455 

1.443.254 

1,354.667 

1,953,160 

51,917 

2,192,094 

4.641.290 
17,234,321 

39.356.946 

83.625.356 
3.016.011 
1,923.245 

11,952.683 
4,998.121 
7.453,081 
2,686,367 

19.869,700 

3.199,361 

536,347 

6,660,497 

6,246.319 

1,032,936 

109.431 

64.937.745 

265,687,365 


$1,160,450,714 


267 


1918 


$1,158,772 

19,313.896 

7,008,409 

5,401,158 
5,559,568 
1,339,806 
165,980 
4,892,936 

10.422,966 
4,720.780 

853,060 
10,032,719 

1.935.120 

5,436.424 
23,492,153 

1,969,951 
20.601,013 
24.279.400 
14,706,793 

1.810,340 
801.722 

3.964,966 

3,306,611 

163.049 

3,214,801 

6.662.620 
22.554.752 

47,210,502 
95.361,879 

6,310.974 

1.679.293 
16,574.647 

6.884310 
16,871,355 

4.225.735 
20.827.981 

7.028,288 

855.955 

6.987,246 

7.983,638 

9,378,835 

261,479 

63,888.211 

473,907,254 


$799,657,479 


Value  of  imports  from  United  States,  Gr^tBritian. 
Articles 


Italy,  Spain  and  Argentina  in  1918: 


United  States 


Great  Britain 


Cere  k°^^®"  and  other  vehicles 

g3\n"d"iti"p;«;ducte.-.:::;;:: 

Coppe; 

Cotton: 

Manufactures  of . . . . 

„i^w ;;;•• 

«av  "^fa^.  and  bran 

Hides  and  Skina: 

*T*  pared 

'UmJy^      

Horses 


$41,134,476 
189,027,674 

2,276,242 
91,897,143 

6,076,219 

108,467.644 

386 

5,683,667 

1.934.053 

69,637 


$4,152,009 

7.407.147 

42,000.810 

5,684.841 

64.775,239 
3,322,495 


628,987 

5,219,492 

15,064 


Italy 


Spain 


$5,920,082 


12.523.963 


393,720 

171.191 
398,545 


$1,946,405 
101,132 


314,397 

4,428.192 
22,581 


Argentina 


$86,372,325 


1.221,304 
1.364.124 


1.568,897 
420.996 


Continued  on  page  268* 


Ill 


268 


Table  continued: 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Articles 

United  States 

Great  Britain 

Italy 

Spain 

Argentina 

iron  ana  ateel: 

Pig  iron,  iron  and  ateel 

Machineiy 

165,465,655 

68,944,232 

57.521,141 

506.432 

15,080,055 
20,226,786 

80,782.273 
47.293,106 

325,977 
11,535,610 



110,042,617 

43,271,951 

48,449,755 

8.349,952 

1.116.312 
1.463.326 

21,377,452 
10,298.287 

3,730,690 
2,526,949 
6,347.577 

28.178 

2.479.857 

584,211 

372,683 

1.389.600 

1,134,068 

3,264,402 

33,776 

Tools  and  metal  work .  . .  . .. 

Lingerie  and  wearing  apparel .'.  . . 
Meats: 

Fresh  and  refrigerated 

Salted,  etc 

85,113 

niio* 

m 

63,242.626 

Petroleiim 

Lubricating 

Rubber: 

Crude 

Manufactured 

Silk: 

1.183.283 

13.223.009 
807.705 

i2b'.625 

132,205 

Raw 

769.684 

Tin .■ ." 



Tobacco,  leaf  and  mani^actured ." 
Wood: 

Ordinary 

12.645.746 
1,018.075 

675,146 

209,019 

Exotic 

579 

Wool: 
Raw 

17,072,394 

7,017.094 

239,840.328 

1,930 

9,264 

100,185,142 

1,368,563 

675,409 

81,303,373 

442,549 

Manufactured 

4,062,457 
365,536,596 

19,119,738 

Other  articles 

1,737 

26,744,010 

Total 

Sl.297.501,172 

$1,032,010,758 

$138,535,786 

$99,546,028 

$198,573,710 

in  igTs'"*  °'  ""*  ^"^^  ^  *''*  ^"'*^  ^^^'  °'**'  ^"'^'  ^'''y-  ^P»^  *"<*  Argentina 


Articles 


United  States  Great  Britain 


Chemicals 

Colors  and  inks 

Cotton  goods '. 

Feathers 

Flowers,  leaves,  and  fruit,  artificial.!! 
Hides  and  Skins: 

Prepared 

Raw 

Iron  and  Steel: 

Machinery 

Tools  and  metal  work ' ' 

Jewelry: 

Real 

Imitation \[[ 

Leather  goods .....'." 

Lingerie  and  wearing  apparel ........ 

Milk,  butter  and  cheese 

Paper  and  paper  goods 

Parisian  novelties,  buttons,  brushes, 

etc 

Perfumery  and  soap 

Potatoes  and  dried  vegetables .  .  . . 

Pottery,  glass  and  crystal 

Rubber  goods .  . . 

Seeds  for  sowing 

Silk : 

Manufactures 

Raw 

Table  fruits '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.. 

Wines 

Wool: 

Manufactures 

Raw  and  waste '. .'. . . 

Postal  packages 

Other  articles 


Italy 


Spain 


Argentina 


$3,101,510 


3,237,189 

2,513,053 

487,711 

394,299 
2,263,311 

91,675 
144,171 


462,042 

10,163,573 

4,571.205 

205,159 

8,709,318 

1.753,019 
1,742.983 


1.368,563 


Total . 


302,045 

7,890,805 

162,313 

1.152,982 

1.384,775 

56.648 


19,032,888 


$71,191,237 


$16,633,898 

864,061 

4,7o5,520 

2,285,313 

1,576.038 

3,629,751 
132,591 

362,454 
1.179,616 

372,104 
4,931,150 
9.144.533 
5,661.848 

332,539 
3.744,007 

11,346,856 
2,341.669 
40.337 
2.068.381 
3,984.099 
1,891,014 

56,797,777 
1.177.686 
3.387.922 
8,933,005 

425,565 

7,913 

2,393.393 

37,048,087 


$7,423,552 

1.483,205 

520,714 

26,248 


1,703,997 
1,271,291 

2,132,650 
2,092,699 

177,560 


1,560,405 


943,963 

73,147 
1.682.793 


$1,621,200 

160,383 

671,061 

1,199,881 

81,639 

25,476 
698,274 

958,438 
897,257 


$717,381 

136,837 

21,381 


5,983 


1,131,945 
132,784 
856,920 


1.152,210 

589,036 
358.401 


615.696 

6.204.824 

66,041 

623,390 
11,804,652 


46.127 
81.832 


332,732 

664,692 

84,534 

4,047,982 
2,579,252 


43,425 
452,006 

328,679 
426,723 
330.609 
2,398,025 
21,423 
586,720 

755.981 
764,087 
8,492 
271,165 
562,402 


3,647,121 


$187,449,127 


6,998,759 
8,595,696 


$54,928,241 


260,743 

174,858 

588,071 

5,762,401 

6,439,252 


$31,469,422 


3,088 
660.253 

386,579 


1,188,301 
3,307,827 


$17,024,488 


FRANCE 


269 


Production  and  Industry 

Agriculture : 

Of  a  total  area  of  136,101,120  acres,  the  following  acreages  are  devoted  to  the 
various  purposes:  Under  crops,  35,565,000  acres;  under  grass,  3,682,000  acres;  under 
pasturage,  7,B89,930  acres;  under  vines  3,993,000  acres;  under  truck  gardens,  659,100 
acres;  under  various  unspecified  crops,  9,114,700  acres;  under  forests,  24,370,570  acres; 
uncultivated,  9,369,800  acres. 

Yields  of  the  principal  crops: 


Crop 

M*}*® bushels 

^^i"ft. bushels 

Buckwheat bushels 

Potato®" bushels 

Wheat tons 

Artichokes i)U8hels 

Turnips  and  rutabagas bushels 

Cabbage  for  forage to^g 

Sugar  beets ^^j^ 

Beets  for  distilling tons 

Beets  for  forage ^Qj^g 

Hay ....'..'.".'.' tons 

Flaxseed     [jughels 

Herapseed bushels 

Tobacco pounds 

geas bushels 

f^^°?, bushels 

!l?'»t''« bushels 

gops pounds 

^'°® gallons 

Yield  of  the  principal  fruit  crops,  1917,  in  tons: 


15.493,280 

564,357 

10,044,503 

321,974,033 

6,425,177 

54,541.173 

92,304,300 

6,067,667 

2.187,482 

870,650 

17,040,152 

42.611,825 

146,322 

181,412 

32,212,180 

547,925 

3,008,753 

155,763 

4,348,960 

883,844,296 


15,102,120 

1,072.607 

15.667.006 

400,498.267 

4,315,410 

57,863,281 

92,832,813 

6,274,503 

2,319,350 

772,717 

17,698,615 

35,638,278 

150,008 

92,184 

17.106,540 

385,025 

3.567.723 

77,476 

3,928,760 

953,758,178 


Fruit 


Tons 


Fruit 


Apples  and  pears . 

Table  apples 

Tsble  pears 

Olives 

Peaches 

Cherries 

Prunes 


3,486,560 
214,122 
84,030 
170,600 
29,498 
30,234 
11,209 


Tons 


Plums 

Figs 

Apricots. . . 
Chestnuts . 
Walnuts... 
Almonds.  . 
Oranges . .  . 


29,791 

3.339 

7,430 

133,090 

41,793 

2,675 

481 


On  July  1,  1916  the  livestock  of  France  was  as  follows— comparison  being  made  with 
the  livestock  as  of  December  31,  1913:  Horses,  2,317,000  (3,222,000  in  1913);  mules 
163,000  (188,000  in  1913);  asses,  317,000  (365,000  in  1913);  cattle,  12,724,000  (14,788  000 
in  1913);  lambs  and  sheep,  12,079,000  (16,131,000  in  1913);  pigs,  4,448,000  (7,036,000 
m  lyio). 

The  total  output  of  wine  in  France  during  the  year  1918  was  estimated  at  1,169,395,645 
gallons  (compared  with  986,318,200  gallons  production  in  1917),  of  which  1,116,318,473 
gallons  went  into  commerce,  as  compared  with  953,864,800  gallons  in  1917,  and  53,077,172 
gallons  remained  undelivered.  The  Department  of  the  Gironde  delivered  99!395'l31 
gallons  and  produced  an  additional  15,589,755  gallons. 

Statistics  of  beet  sugar  production  for  5  years: 


Year 


1911-12 

1912-13. 

1913-14 

1814-15 ; 

191&-16. 


Number 

of 
Factories 


Quantity  of 

Beets  Used. 

Tons 


Number  of  Workers 


Men 


Women 


Children 


220 

213 

206 

69 

64 


4.485.627 
7,341,425 


Quantity  of 

Refined 
Sugar,  Tons 


2,886,908 
1,260,827 


31,135 
31,764 


13,253 
12,177 


1.646 
1.614 


406 
767 


1.010 
936 


233 
228 


479,245 
965,426 
789,050 
30.296 
149,489 


270 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Alcohol  production  statistics:    In  1913  there  wen^  ifiona  ».    i, 

714,077  gaUons  of  alcohol-  in  1914    12  IQ^triT  Z      '^  ^""^^^^  '^^'^  produced 

11,769  worke,.   product'  1  947,4  ^^^^^^^^^^  ''^""'  ""'''''  «^^-'  -  1915. 
Fisheries: 

there  were  28^  in  k    .  ^J  ^"^  ""^  "^^^^  127,599,609  (126,936,694  in  1911)- 

inere  were  28505  sail  boats  engaged  in  the  catch,  valued  at  19 316  71S  r2«  9M  k    t 
fr.t^^  *9'^12,412  in  1911);  339  steamboats,  va  ued  aT$5  96o1qq  r^i  f  f      ?*".' 
at  $5,091,243  in  1911)-  607  boats  nmrv^ii^^  k    ";•  ''*^"®^^»^  55.960,399  (291  boats  valued 

and  quarries  io^tl'ZZ^Ti^Z  ^^^^rr  I^T  ''""'ff'  O""^^-    '«-- 
quarries  was  vied  at  W9^430  That  .f^f    "'''''*"'  "^^  t^e  production  of  the 

produced  61,061,619  tons  of  C£;^ne  Iteetrtr  *'^^^^^  "^^  """"■^^ 

erals.     The  foUowine  table  shnwTtL  ZS    f    '        '     '  °^**'  ^1-521,480  tons  of  min- 

rency  of  principaTZet^; ^'"glg*''  ''"^'"'*  "^  "  ^^'^  "^^  ^"^"^  '°  United  States  cur- 


Coal  and  lignite 

Iron  ore " '    ' 

I«ad  and  silver 

Zinc ;  ; 

Gold  bearing  minerals. 
C/opper 


44,928,639 

24.109,657 

18,789 

5,123 

168,309 

673 


$130,514,518 

20,791,697 

743,243 

961,140 

1,264,500 

15,247 


Iron  pyritea. 
Manganese . 
Antimony' . 
Tungsten.. . 
Arsenic 


I 


Iron  yield  of  annexed  Lorraine   1883-1918  inclusive: 


Tons 

Value 

342,283 

8,506 

22,959 

1.400 

4,869 

$1,011,706 

41,302 

436,952 

793,000 

51.316 

Cast  Iron 
Tons 


Steel 
Tons 


1883 
1885 
1890 
1895 
1900 
1905 
1910. 


Total 
Tons 


260,778 

321.193 

543,922 

751.367 

1,141,112 

1,966,247 

2.406.340 


Cast  Iron 
Tons 


20.314 

63,140 

128,486 

201,639 

391,893 

1,167,277 

1.597.429 


271.092 

384.333 

672,408 

953.006 

1.633,005 

3,133,524 

3,902.769 


Steel 
Tons 


Total 
Tons 


}Sj3 13.461.546 

^^^^  2.724,444 

1,720.681 
1,917.938 
1.824.200 
1.443.086 


2,263.426 
1.870.012 
1,008,017 
1,401,892 
1,658.463 
1.363,847 


6.724.972 
4.594.450 
2.728.698 
3.319,830 
3,482,653 
2,806,933 


annu^S:^oro^'':.f,Tf  ""if^mZ"''^.^'^-'^  '^  °^  ^  -«-  "■ 
there.  I'.iw.OOO  tons.    There  are  important  steel  plants  located 

and  sti'indtSs  tofs'oTfatr  1" '',  T  "f'''^'  "^'^^  »"-  "^  ^^^  '- 
carried  oL  by  ^feSh^^tl^XS^  s'S^""".  ^■" '"-'"'=*-  -  1913  was 
tons  of  coal,  6,424,779  tons  ofZVZnou!^'^  T^^,  '"'*  consunung  4,695,108 
naetals  than  iron  eniploy^  tm'j:^.:!Z  ^  cS^'by  ^p^r""  "'  "''" 
Manufactures:  piauw. 

portlt'iitS  (It^rST  th?i:^^^^^^^  ^'^P'^^^  -  -«^  ^^  *^e  -re  im- 

usmes  (according  to  the  last  industrial  census,  taken  in  1906),  as  well  as  the 


FRANCE 


271 


number  of  establishments  graded  in  three  classes  according  to  the  number  of   oersona 
employed:  ^  °^^ 


Industries  or  Professions 


Working  Population 


Numbei  of  Establishments  Having 


1-20 

Employees 


21-100 
Employees 


More 
Than  100 
Employees 


Fishing 

Forests 

Agriculture,  etc 

Mines  and  mining 

Quarries [ 

Foodstuffs 

Chemical  industries 

Printing  and  allied  industries .  .  . . . . . 

Manufacture  of  textiles 

Manufactures  of  clothes,  goods,  etc! '. 

Straw,  feathers,  horse  hair 

Hides  and  leather ...'.'. 

Wood  industries .!!!!! 

Common  metals *  | 

Precious  metals !!!!.'.' 

Cutting  precious  stones !!.... 

Stone  cutting [[ 

Construction,  etc .'.'.'!!!!! 

Ceramics  and  glass !!.... 

Transportation !..'.*!..*.* 

Various  commerce '....'. 

Foreign  commerce,  agencies,  amuse- 
ments  

Banks,  insurance,  etc 

Personal  services [[ 

Domestic  service '.'..'.. 

Public  service; 
Army 

Other !!.'!!!!!!! 

Industrial  public  service 


All  others  and  total. 


78,000 

62,428 

8,714.625 

205.898 

75,129 
479.061 
124,644 
107,481 
913,989 
1.651.131 

42,568 
334,203 
704,695 
758,377 

28,342 
6.385 

46,612 

650,130 

166.831 

492.326 

1,864.210 

63.431 

75.040 

66.939 

946.293 

693,901 

648,960 

77,293 


20,720,879 


72.660 

68.920 

6.393,472 

201,612 

73,794 
388,976 
109,913 

84,468 
403,307 
171,000 

23,686 
279,974 
669,306 
716,694 

19,270 
3,243 

44,947 

648,336 

147,509 

456,616 

1.113.923 

46,858 

70,920 

67,756 

173,658 

592,728 

449,797 

59,929 


13,027,467 


5.350 

3,508 

3,321,153 

4.286 

1,335 

90.086 

14,731 

23,013 

510,682 

1,380,131 

18,983 

54,229 

45,389 

41,683 

9,072 

2,142 

1,665 

1.794 

19.322 

36.709 

760.287 

16.573 

4.120 

8.184 

772.736 

1.173 
99.163 
17,364 


7,693.412 


11,267 
8,160 
1,314.115 
136 
6,336 
86,641 
4.242 
6,866 
33,210 
138.218 
4,506 
37,196 
106,775 
78,073 
2,239 
537 
5,460 
67,738 
7,936 
19,371 
247,190 

6,094 

6,096 

16.217 

14,418 


749 


2,279.769 


86 
77 

1,882 
121 
462 

1.193 
762 
764 

2.672 

2.164 
143 
924 

1.854 

2,445 

179 

26 

160 

2,189 
772 
432 

2.256 

101 

332 

7 

81 


83 


24,295 


15 

1 

26 

153 

57 
159 
204 
141 
1,647 
275 

13 
173 
186 
752 

17 
2 

12 
205 
312 

76 
209 

12 
52 


81 


6,172 


on^  Ju^  ^o»o™ging  table  shows  the  total  steampower  used  by  the  industries  of  France, 
and  the  amount  used  by  each  of  the  more  important  industries  employing  motive  power 
(exclusive  of  transportation  industries),  for  three  years' 


Year 


1911. 
1912. 
1913. 


Total 

t 

- 

In  1,0008  of  Hor8ep>ower 

Nimaber  of 

Establish- 

Number  of 

go 

3 

mpnts 

Establish- 

W 

Chemical  Ind 
Tanneries 

Employing 

ments 

Total 
Horsepowe 

Mines  and 
Quarries 

Metallurgic 
Plants 

E 
3 

u 

< 

Food 
Industries 

1 

T3 

a 

Mfg.  of 
Instruments 

Production  < 
Electricity 

62.901 
63.032 
63.113 

81.620 
81.675 
81,740 

3.141 
3,235 
3,539 

531 
530 
676 

559 
587 
596 

184 
188 
192 

233 
231 
236 

137 
140 
144 

544 
544 
639 

99 
101 
106 

50 
49 
49 

1 

i 
207     501 
218     568 
239     703 

VP«  J    Q        T^^  **  ^  ^""^  ^^^  Statistics  of  sericulture  and  sUk  production  for  several 
VanHn^       T  ^?.  f  ""^""'^  ''''  '"^'*  extensively  in  the  Departments  of  Gard,  Drome, 
auciuse  and  Ard^che,  and  the  French  Goverment  subsidizes  the  industry-.     The  center 
01  SUk  manufacture  is  Lyons  (Lyon). 


272 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Silk  Cultttre 


Years 


1913. 
1914. 
1915. 
1916. 


Number  of 
Producers 


90,517 
83.825 
43.327 
42.756 


Total 
Production  (tons) 


Total  Value 
of  Production 


$3,021,518 

3.842,423 

831,219 

2,292,521 


Silk  Production 


Yi 


ear 


Number  of 
Spinning  Mills 


Number  of 
Pans 


1911 
1912 
1913 


Quantities  of  Silk 
Spun,  Tons 


193 
177 
166 


Value  of  Product  of  Silk 

Stuffs  (Lyon,  Picardy, 

St.  Etienne,  not  including 

Ribbons) 


12.743 
12,0S9 
11,285 


692 
687 
719 


$80,051,961 
81,408.365 


Therl trin  '^9^9?^^'"*""'  l^^'T'  "  ^^'^^^  ''  *^^  ^-^-^-^^  ^f  clothing, 
mere  ^ere  m  1911    93,000  persons  employed  in  tailoring  establishments   52  000  npr«nn« 

employed  m  manufacturing  womens'  and  childrens'  clothes    21  ^f^^'  ^  ,  T 

in  manufacturing  lingerie  and  220  Om  nor^^^       T     ^       ?'     ^'^^  ^^""^  employed 
Thp  i^Ji       A    ?  '         ^,000  persons  employed  m  the  making  of  artificial  flowers 

124.000  in  the  ^eduction  of  sUk  te"x^^nSC'' ribZl"''''"  °'  "'"'"  '^'^' 
and  its  environs.  St.  Itien'ne.  J^riTextetf  ar^^tlT/a  N^^  'ktn" 

rnrrTte^^n^r'  ''■  ^"*"-  ^--  «*•  ^^-^  ^^^  ^-^:t. 

m  each  "  '"  "•'  "'"'^  "'  ^"""^  """^  ^  "'"'--  -ploying  "ore  than  50 

Pormci;™  H  ?5.76;"  "^  "^^^^"'^  ''-"  "'  -''-'  '-^  "«  --"^  -vi^ated. 

Telegraphs:  In  1915,  23,117  offices  and  120,471  miles  of  line. 
Telephones: 

convltL';i';t;,tr  ''^""^  "■'''  '"'"^  ■"""  °^  ""^  -'^<='>  <=-'<^  «.327.000 
Raih-oads:  Total  railway  mileage  25,633. 
Money,  Weights  and  Measures: 

Piecef 's^Terlfn^  'ff ""''  ^""  '  ^"'  ^"^"'  "^  ^•^^3-     ^^^  <^^i°«  ^re  20  and  10  franc 
pieces.     SJver  coins  of  francs  are  current,  but  free  coinage  has  been  suspended  for  43 


FRANCE 


273 


years.    France  is  a  member  of  the  Latin  Monetary  Union    of  which  rt.,.lv    r.i  • 
Switzerland  and  G,^  a.  likewise  membe..     TheLmberVtl^s  hav^^^^^^  gddTd 
silver  corns  of  the  same  current  value,  fineness,  weight  and  size,  and  eacrgo^rnniTnt 
accepts  payment  in  the  silver  coins  of  the  others  equivalent  to  the  French%  Z,?^ 
The  system  has  been  adopted  by  Spain,  Bulgaria,  Se^via,  Russia,  pt^  and  rZ^^^^ 
Weights  and  measures  are  those  of  the  metric  system.  Rumania. 

Language:  The  language  of  the  country  is  French. 
Local  Advertising  Media: 

.    „  T*"  ^"*!pif"^  P*P*"  "o?""-  °°'  on'y  »11  of  France,  but  likewise  have  a  large  circulation 

'" ^^t^Tn  T        T!r *" °"' °^ *'«' '"°^* ™P°^°* *" ">« world.    Thtif amlie^ 
important  dailies  in  Bordeaux  and  Marseilles.  uKewise 

Trade  impers  covering  general  commercial  lines  and  engineering,  as  well  as  other  lines 

the  locally  publ^hed  papers.     There  are  Ukewise  published  in  France  manv^a3n« 
of  a  general  nature  which  have  extensive  circulations.    Posters  andTctricXTa^™ 
as  weU  as  railway  stations  and  tram  cars  ar^  extensively  employed  as  mS  "^   *^' 

Consular  Representatives: 

French  consular  officials  are  stationed  at  Birmingham,  MobUe    Los  An<rele«    <?»„ 

viUe,  Baton  Rouge,  New  Orleans,  Portland,  Baltimore  Boston  Detmit  ^t  p  i  ^T 
^,  Kai^  City,  Buffalo,  New  York  01*;,  Cincin^Si.^P^rtland  Sdeltl'  LX 
Arecibo,  Humacao,  Mayaguez,  Ponce,  San  Juan,  Vieques,  Brown^viUe   DaJI«   fTp^' 

Havre  URoetfleT"  '"^t'""'  T  °"'*'°''^  "'  ^"^^^^^  »««'.  Calais,  Grenoble. 

Shipping  Routes: 

Compagnie  General  Transatlantique. 
Barber  Line. 
Cunard  Line. 
Furness-Prince  Line. 
Fabre  Line. 

Customs  Tariflf: 

of  weli^h?"  Th.'r'^  ^/  u"  ^""v  ^^'^  "'^  ^"^  *■>«  ""^'  P"*  ^P«=ifi'  ''"d  on  the  basis 
01  weight.    The  tariff  itself  la  compUcated  and  detailed,  and  duties  are  levied  either  unde^ 

Sd«ron    ^T"""'^^  ^"'  °'"  *''*  ■"'""»'""  *-"»•    Some  few  i  LT^^  ^eri^ 
P^uchon  and  manufacture  enjoy  the  benefit  of  the  minimum  tariff.    A  s-^x  b^ 
b^n  imposed  applying  on  411  items,  for  the  most  part  manufactured  art.c^      T^ 
««ax  does  not  apply  to  food  products  or  raw  material  with  the  exc^pZn  of  w^T' 
Consular  Regulations: 

to  m^kTrieiS.'"  """""'"'  '''""'"*'  ^"  "^"^^^  ^^^  *^-«  ^-  --  restrictions  aa 

Pos^  r'?'  ^r.^xT  ^''^  ^°^  ^'^  ^°^^^°^  ^*^*^'  *0-25  per  word, 
'^stai  Rates:  Postal  Union  rates. 

Maa  Time:  To  Paris,  via  Havre,  8  days  from  New  York. 

Uol.^nT  ^T'"'  ^''^''^'  ^  ^'^^'"'     ^^*  °r  ™«h*  11  poinds, 
aioney  Orders:  Issued. 

International  Reply  Coupons:  Issued. 


i 


1^1 


274 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


GERMANY 

A  state  in  the  northern  central  portion  of  Europe.  The  principal  cities  are  BerUn, 
ilambiirg,  Munich,  Leipzig  and  Dresden. 

^Agriculture,  mining,  and  manufacturing  are  extensively  developed  in  Germany  The 
prmcipal  agricultural  products  are  potatoes,  rye,  oats,  wheat,  and  barley.  The  cereal 
production  of  Germany  is  not  ordinarily  sufficient  for  domestic  consumption,  and  with 
the  loss  of  large  and  highly  productive  agricultural  territor>'  aa  a  result  of  the  war,  Germany 
wiU  be  forced  to  unport  cereal  products  on  even  a  greater  scale  than  during  the  period 
before  the  war.  Potatoes  are  cultivated  extensively,  not  only  for  food  but  for  distiUation 
into  spirits,  and  alcohol.  Cotton,  tobacco,  and  grapes  in  the  Rhine  district  are  other 
important  products. 

Livestock  farming  has  in  the  past  been  important.  The  domestic  production  of  meate 
has  never  sufficed  for  Germany's  requirements,  and  although  certain  meat  products  were 
formerly  exported  large  quantities  were  also  imported  annually.  Through  the  territorial 
losses  consequent  upon  the  war  and  because  of  the  great  depletion  in  Germany's  livestock 
durmg  the  war,  Germany's  imports  of  meat  products  must  necessarily  increase. 

Mining  is  a  very  important  industry  and  has  formed  the  basis  of  much  of  Germany's 
manufacturing  development.  The  prmcipal  mineral  products  are  coal,  lignite,  iron,  steel. 
and  potash. 

Previous  to  the  war  Germany  had  achieved  a  high  degree  of  development  in  manu- 
factunng  industries.    Among  the  most  important  of  these  were  the  manufacturing  of  iron 


GERMANY 


275 


and  steel  products,  cotton,  silk,  and  wool,  textiles,  chemicals  glass  and  noro^lain  k    a 
woodenware,  paper,  leather,  beet  root  sugar,  beei  and^'  "^     ^""^  ^^^^^' 

The  per  capita  imports  of  Germany  in  1914  amounted  to  £30  70     Of  k^,  w  i  • 
the  United  States  in  that  year  suppUed  12  per  <Z  "'  ^^^  '^^^^ 

The  f oUowing  is  a  brief  summary  of  the  territorial,  agricultural  and  industrial  penalties 
imposed  upon  Germany  by  the  Treaty  of  Peace:  «  "iuustnai  penalties 


Terbitobial  Losses  In  Europe 


Area 
square  miles 


Alsace-Lorraine,  ceded  to  France 

Eupen  Malmfidy  and  Moresnet  ceded  to  Bdduin 

Upper  Silesia  (plebiscite  to  be  taken  as  betwiin  Ooi^o«\;  V^a  t»'  V  Vx 

Posen  and  West  Prussia,  ceded  to  PoW  Germany  and  Poland) 

pan«g,  and  area  surrounding,  created  an  intera'ational' fr^Mrt 

administration  under  League  of  NatS^  France,  umon  with  Germany  or 


;;;} 


umon 


Total  losses. 


5,604 
382 

27,683 

729 

738 

6,785 

2,787 

40 


43.738 


a..ost  exactly  equivalent  to  the  combined  a:^  of  tSw  T^Z!ZZ^^ZlT 


Colonial  Losses 


ArsiCA 


Area 

square 

mUes 


Total  Africa 


Abu 

PA^mc^sLiSS??^""^^  ^  •^*P''°  '°^  '«*^  *°  China. . 

Kaiser  Wilhelm's  Land 

Biamarck  Archipelago. . .    

CaroUneandPalau^iMd^-; 

Marianne  Islands 

Solomon  Islands. .        

Samoa—Island  of  SavaU.'.' .' 

Samoa— Island  of  Upolu .'.'."!!!!!.".*  .*.".' ." 

Total  Pacific  Islands 

Total  Foreign  Dependencies 

Total  territorial  losses,  European  and  Colonial 


33,700 
191,130 
322,200 
384,180 


Agricultural  Losses:' 


931,210 

200 

70,000 
20,000 
560 
250 
4,200 
660 
550 

96,220 

1,027,430 

1,071,178 


Genn'S°;Srl:^ot'w  throf"^  *°  '^  f''^'''^  "^  *''«  ««™-  Agricultural  Council. 

With  a  ,r;f  l.i:.r Xrof a^^^at.^xo^S"f;° ''  '-^  '^  -^  -'^'- 

total  wWo'^lfiTr^'^  f  ^r°  '^'^  ^^'  ^^'^  P™'"'=«<1 7.3  per  cent,  of  Germany's 
1  Wnt  omett^  «*nt^of  her  total  rye  crop,  15.6  per  cent,  of  the  total  potato  yiJd, 
__^r  cent,  of  the  total  sugar  beet  yield,  7.7  per  cent,  of  the  total  oats  crop,  20.1  per  cent  of 


published  in  the  Beriiner  Tageblatt. 


276 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


GERMANY 


t 


\ 


\\ 


277 


the  totd  pulse  crop,  9.3  per  cent,  of  the  total  summer  straw,  and  13.7  per  cent,  of  the  total 
wmter  straw  crops,  and  7.4  per  cent  of  the  hay  crop. 

East  Prussia,  certain  districts  of  which  may  be  ceded  to  Poland  in  accordance  with 
^rZi  ^^^^^^'  P*^^^  5.69  per  cent,  of  the  total  bread  grain  production  of 

Upper  Silesia  and  Alsace-Lorraine,  as  weU  as  Schleswig,  which  may  be  ceded  by  Ger- 
many  as  the  result  of  a  plebiscite,  were  self  supporting  and  in  part  surplus  producing  areas 
Livestock : 

The  Provinc^  of  Poland  and  West  Prussia,  in  which  redde  6  per  cent,  of  the  total 
population  of  the  former  Empire,  contain  12.6  per  cent,  of  the  total  German  stock  of  hora^ 
8  per  cent,  of  the  total  stock  of  cows,  6.6  per  cent,  of  calves  under  three  months  9  3^; 

r  ""^'^  M  ^'  T^  °' "'"^P'  ""•  *-l  P«'  <*°t-  of  ">«  total  stock  of  poultr;.  C 
Prussm  and  &>Ue8w.g  lUcewu«  produce  a  surplus  of  meat  and  dairy  prJucts  It^ 
been  ^tmiated  by  German  authorities  that  by  the  separation  of  Posen  and  West  Pni^" 

Industrial  Losses: 

Coal;  Germany's  total  coal  output  in  the  last  year  of  peace  was  rouirhlv  1 QO  nm  nnn 
tons.  Of  this  the  Saar  district  yielded  about  13,00(^:000,  A^e- Wi^at^ut  17  ^^ 
and  Upper  Sdesia  about  49,000,000  tons.  The  total  loss  in  coal  involved  in  the  ^Z^Z 
^^.  Ir  ?T?^  '"'  therefore,  equivalent  to  about  one-third  of  the  total  pit  coal  outout 
The  Westphahan  coal  fields,  which  yield  the  best  in  European  coke,  are  ind^,Te  fttl" 
Germany  but  clau^  are  mcluded  in  the  peace  treaty  which  considerably  !S  riot  i^ 
freedom  to  dispose  of  this  coal  for  its  own  purposes.  Germany  is  placed  under  Tob  igl^ 
tion  to  supply  France  with  7,000,000  tons  of  coal  a  year  for  period  of  10  yeai^   and  t 

ofTeToHhP^T  "^r  '"'TJ  '^T'^'"*  *"  '^'  ^^'^^^'^^^  ^''''^^  *he  annual  out'put 
of  the  northern  French  mm^  before  the  war  and  their  actual  output  in  the  year  in  which 

20,000,000  tons,  m  the  second  five  years,  8,000,000  tons.     On  the  average    therefore 
Germany  will  have  to  supply  France  with  15,000,000  to  22,000,000  tons  of  coa  a  ye^r  to 

f'^^S  ye3  '      '""^  *'"'  '  ^'''  ''  ^'^^^"  ^"'  '^  ^«""  ^"^  7'«^'000  'ou£ 

some  37,000,000  tons  of  coal;  and  this  will  have  to  be  deducted  from  the  output  remai  Jng 
which  m  the  years  immediately  following  the  war  will  not  regain  the  pre-war  leT  The 

of  10,500,000  tons.     Unless,  therefore,  Germany  can  very  considerably  raise  its  outout 
the  loss  of  Upper  Silesia  and  the  Saar  basin,  together  with  the  fulfiUmen't  oHhetS 

St,  r  'k?  '''^*^'  .^^"  ^^^^^  "^^^^^  ^  ^'^y  ^^^^  '-ger  import  o 

British  coal  or  a  considerable  reduction  in  consumption.     A  possibility  of  makinrgood 

of  hgnite,  which  the  treaty  leaves  almost  completely  in  Germany's  hands. 

Iron:  The  loss  of  Alsace-Lorraine  carries  with  it  most  serious  effects  on  the  German 
iron  mdustry^  The  full  significance  of  Ix>rraine  is  by  no  means  brought  out  by  a  mere 
comparison  of  the  steel  output  of  the  Provinces  (2,286,354  tons  in  1913)  with  the  total 

onlvTel  r  ''fT  'r-  u""'  ^^^*  ^^  ^^^^^^«  -P-^--  -  -^her  hat  not 
^il  L^  r'.r  iT'^r.^r^'''  ^^^  *^^  ^^"^^^'^^^  ^^^  ^^^^^^  ^^on  establish, 
ments,  especially  those  m  Rhenish  Westphalia  and  the  Saar  basin,  cover  their  ore  require- 


ments to  a  very  appreciable  extent  from  the  Lorraine  mines.  In  1913  the  Lorraine  and 
Luxemburg  iron-mining  industry  contributed  to  the  extent  of  28,500,000  tons  to  the  total 
German  ore  output  of  35,900,000  tons  and  in  respect  of  iron  content  supplied  8,150,000 
tons  out  of  a  total  of  10,540,000,  i.  e.,  it  suppUed  not  less  than  77  per  cent.  The  loss  of 
Lorraine  will  therefore  make  Germany  dependent  for  the  greater  portion  of  its  iron 
production  on  foreign  ores,  of  which  in  1913  it  imported  about  14,000,000  tons,  with  an 
iron  content  of  7,700,000  tons.  It  is  no  doubt  true  that  after  the  war  ores  will  be  obtain- 
able from  Sweden,  Spain,  and  Russia,  perhaps  also  even  from  France;  but  the  ore  basis  of 
the  German  iron  industry  is  nevertheless  so  greatly  restricted  that  a  disproportion  arises 
between  raw  material  and  industrial  product  which  renders  the  continued  existence  of  the 
industry  on  its  former  scale  a  matter  of  doubt. 

Zinc:  The  position  of  the  German  zinc  industry  will  also  present  serious  difficulty. 
The  loss  of  Upper  Silesia  involves  that  of  the  greater  portion  of  the  German  ore  supply, 
together  with  all  the  foundries  which  work  up  these  ores  with  the  assistance  of  Upper 
Silesian  coal.  The  West  German  zinc  industry,  on  the  other  hand,  remains  practically 
unaffected  by  the  cession  of  certain  districts  to  Belgium.  The  ore  mines  of  these  works 
remain  German.  It  should,  however,  be  remembered  that  these  firms  are  precisely  those 
which  in  the  years  preceding  the  war  were  obliged  to  have  increasing  recourse  to  foreign 
ores  to  cover  their  requirements;  and  that  in  the  meantime  German  zinc  contracts,  especiaUy 
with  Australia,  have  been  annulled  by  the  British  and  Australian  courts.  What  has  been 
said  of  the  zinc  industry  itself  applies  also  in  the  main  to  its  by-products,  which,  especiaUy 
sulphuric  acid,  are  valuable  basic  materials  for  the  chemical  industry.  They  also  apply 
in  the  main  to  the  lead  industry. 

Potash :  The  German  monopoly  in  potash  is  broken  by  the  return  of  Alsace  to  France. 
A  total  of  14  works  are  separated  from  the  German  potash  industry.  Their  output  of 
potash  is  about  5  per  cent,  of  the  total  German  output.  Their  real  productive  capacity 
is,  however,  much  greater  than  this,  and  was  only  kept  down  to  6  per  cent,  of  the  German 
output  by  a  system  of  syndication. 

Petroleum:  Alsace  possesses,  in  addition,  petroleum  wells  belonging  to  the  German 
Petroleum  Co.  (Ltd.).  In  peace  time  they  yielded  about  42  per  cent  of  the  total  German 
output  of  some  120,000  tons.  During  the  war  the  completion  of  the  conversion  of  the 
Petroleum  Works  to  an  improved  system  doubled  the  Alsatian  petroleum  output,  the 
advantage  of  which  now  accrues  to  France. 

Other  industries:  To  all  the  above  raw-material  industries  must  be  added  many 
manufacturing  industries,  among  which  the  following  may  be  mentioned:  In  Upper 
Silesia,  the  cement,  chemical,  textile  and  spirit  industries;  in  West  Prussia,  the  timber- 
using,  sugar,  milling,  distilling,  agricultural  machinery,  and  shipbuilding  industries;  in 
Alsace-Lorraine,  the  leather  and  textile  industries,  especially  cotton  spinning;  the  machine 
industry,  milling,  vine  growing  and  wine  production. 

Area  and  Population 
The  area  of  Germany  in  1914  was  208,780  square  miles,  and  the  population  was  67,812,- 
000.  No  exact  statistics  are  now  available  for  the  area  and  population  of  the  new  Ger- 
many, since,  with  the  exception  of  Alsace-Lorraine,  the  ceded  territories  and  territories 
subject  to  plebiscite  were  not  administrative  entities  under  the  Empire,  and  thus  no  separate 
Btatistics  of  their  population  were  recorded. 

The  area  of  Germany  before  the  war  was  approximately  equivalent  to  that  of  the  com- 
bined New  England  states.  New  York,  New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania,  Delaware  and  Virginia. 
The  area  of  the  new  Germany,  assuming  that  all  plebiscites  will  result  in  a  vote  unfavorable 


I. 

I 


278 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


to  Germany  wiU  be  165,032  square  iniles,  or  approximately  equivalent  to  the  combined 
area  of  the  above  states  excluding  Pennsylvania.  combmed 

Principal  cities  of  Germany  exclusive  of  those  ceded  by  the  treaty: 


City 


State 


Population 
in  1910 


City 


Berlin 

Hambxirg 

Miincben  (Munich) 

Leipsis 

Dresden 

Cologne 

Breslau 

Prankfort-on-Main . 

Duaseldorf 

Numberg 

Charlottenburg 

Hanover 

EsBen-on-Ruhx 

ChemnitjB 

Stuttgart 

Magdeburg 

Bremen 

Konigsberg 

Stettin 

Dinsburg 

Dortmund 

Kiel 

Mannheim 

Halle-on-Saale 

Berlin  Schoneberg . . . 

Altona 

Elberfeld 

Gelaenkirchen 

Barmen 

Caasel 

Bnmswick 

Bockum 

Karhruhe 

Crefeld 

Pja^ie^. 

Mulheun-on-Ruhr . . . 

Erfurt 

Mainz 

Berlin  Wilmersdorf .  . 

Wiesbaden 

Saarbriicken 

Augsburg 

Hambom 

Lubeck , 

Munater 

Oberhaxisen 


Prussia 

Hamburg. . . 

Bavaria 

Saxony 

Saxony 

Prussia 

Prussia 

Prussia 

Priissia 

Bavaria 

Prussia , 

Prussia 

Prussia 

Saxony 

Wurtemburg, 

Prussia 

Bremen 

Prussia 

Prussia 

Prussia 

Prussia 

Prussia 

Baden 

Prussia 

Prussia 

Prussia 

Prussia 

Prussia 

Prussia 

Prussia 

Brunswick.. . 
Brunswick.. . 

Baden 

Prussia 

Saxony 

Pnissia , 

Prussia , 

Prussia 

Prussia 

Prussia 

Bavaria 

Prussia 

Lubeck 

Prussia 

Pnissia 


State 


2,071,257 
931,035 
596,467 
689,850 
648,308 
516,527 
612,105 
414,576 
358.728 
333,142 
305.978 
302,375 
294,663 
287,807 
286,218 
229.629 
247,437 
245,994 
216,113 
229.483 
214.228 
211.627 
193,902 
180.843 
172,823 
172,628 
170,195 
169,513 
169,214 
153,196 
143,552 
136,931 
134.313 
129,406 
121,272 
112.580 
111,463 
110,634 
109,716 
109,002 
105.089 
105,089 
101,703 
98,656 
90,254  I 
89.900 


Population 
in  1910 


Hagen .... 

Bonn 

armstadt 

GOThU 

opandau 

Wiirsburg . 

rreiburg 

Liudwimhafen , 

Berlin  Lichtenbent. * 

Bjelefeld   .?.'. 

Offenbach 

Zwickau 

Linden 

Konigshiitte 

Remschmied 

g°^^^ 

Pforzheim 

Frankfort-on-Oder. . , 

g«nthen 

Harburg 

Glenwits 

Lie«nits 

Furth 

Munchen  Oiadbach! . 

Osnabriick 

Rostock 


Zaboae 

Berlin  Steglits ........ 

Potsdam * '  " 

xJner 

Hensburg .".*;;; 

Heme 

?««f" 

CoWeni 

Heidelberg 

Kaiserslautern 

Recklingshausen .* 

Brandenburg 

Mulheim-on-Rhine .  . 
Regensburg  (Ratiabon) . . 
Berlin  Rummelsburg. 

Solingen /// 

Hildesheim 


Prussia 

Prussia , 

Hesse 

Prussia , 

Prussia 

Bavaria 

Baden 

Bavaria 

Prussia 

Prussia 

**^^^^0  *     •     •     •     9     •     ■ 

Saxony 

Prussia 

Prussia 

Baden 

Prussia 

Baden 

Prussia 

Prussia 

Prussia 

Prussia 

Prussia , 

Bavaria 

Prussia 

Prussia 

Mecklenburg- 
Schwerin .  . . 

Prussia 

Prussia 

Prussia 

Prussia 

Prussia 

Prussia 

Anhalt 

Prussia 

Wurttemberg . 

Baden 

Bavaria 

Prussia 

Prussia 

Prussia 

Bavaria 

Prussia 

Prussia 

Prussia 


88,605 

87,978 

87.060 

86.806 

84.855 

84.496 

83.324 

83.301 

81.199 

78,380 

76,683 

73.642 

73,379 

72,641 

72,169 

71.106 

69,082 

68,277 

67.718 

67.025 

66,981 

66,620 

66.663 

66.414 

66,957 

66.383 

63,373 

62,064 

62,243 

61.610 

60,922 

67,147 

66,605 

66,487 

66,109 

66,016 

64,660 

68.701 

63.606 

62.425 

61.624 

61.042 

60,536 

60.230 


Commerce 
Value  of  United  States  trade  with  Germany  for  eleven  years: 


Year 

ended 

Jtme 

30 


Exports 


Domestic 


Foreign 


Total 


1009 
1910 
1911 
1912 
1913 
1914 
1915 
1916 
1917 
1918 
1919 


$232,797,766 

246,786,846 

283,022,029 

303,495.338 

328.629,366 

341,875,820 

28,656,206 

272,981 

1,049.340 


Imports 


$2,526,384 
2.769,080 
4.473,785 
3,463,683 
3,054.846 
2,918,456 
207,148 
15,918 
1.160.109 


$235,324,140 

249,555.926 

287,495.814 

306.959,021 

331,684,212 

344,794,276 

28.863.354 

288,899 

2,199,449 

'  '8,843,882 


Free 


$44,089,090 

56,599,932 

56,817,744 

67,139.004 

67,639,706 

70,535.158 

23,506.000 

1.197.395 

268.974 

10,027 


Dutiable 


$  99.436,729 

112,205,206 

106,424,816 

104,241,376 

121,323,365 

119,383,978 

67,866,710 

12,748,348 

1.255.719 

64.067 


Total 


Per 

cent 
free 


Excess  of 
Exports  (♦) 

or 
Imports  (-) 


$143,626,838 

168.805.137 

163.242.660 

171,380.380 

188,963,071 

189,919,136 

91,372,710 

13,943,743 

1.624,693 

64,094 

944.981 


30 
|33 
34 
39, 
36 
37. 
26. 
8. 
17. 
16. 


72 
63 

81 
18 
80 
14 
73 
69 
63 
64 


$  ♦91,798,312 

♦  80.760,789 
♦124,263,254 
♦136,578.641 
♦142,721,141 
♦164,875,140 

-  62,509.356 

-  13.654,844 

♦  674,756 

64,094 

♦  7,898,901 


GERMANY 


279 


Total  foreign  trade  of  Germany  for  five  years: 


1900 
1010 
1011 


Imports 


Exports 


Imports 


Exports 


$2,020,300,000 
2.126.322,000 
2,300.047.000 


$1,560,412,000 
1,778,069,000 
1,020.243,000 


1012. 
1013. 


2.544.636,000 
2.563.364,000 


2.151.718,000 
2.403.311.000 


Value  of  imports  from  principal  countries  of  origin  for  fine  years: 


Countries 


1000 


United  States 

Russia 

United  Kingdom 

Austria-Hungary 

France 

British  India 

Argentina 

Belgium 

Netherlands 

Australia 

Brasil 

Dutch  East  Indies 

Sweden 

Switserland 

v^uiie  *••••••.••...•... 

Spain 

Denmark 

British  West  Africa 

China 

Egypt 

Nrway 

Roumania 

Turkey 

British  South  Africa .  . . 

Canada 

Japan 

Finland 

Uruguay 

Ceylon 

Bolivia 

Guatemala 

Algeria 

Greece 

Portugal 

Mexico , 

Straits  Settlements 

Venesuela , 

French  West  Africa 

Portuj?uese  West  Africa. 

Ecuador 

Colombia 

German  East  Africa . . . . 

Peru 

Siam 

Cuba ;.; 

Kameroon 

Philippine  Islands 

Tunis 

Serbia ] . 

Dominican  RepubUc. . . . 

New  Zealand 

Morocoo 

Madagascar '. 

Bulgaria 

Persia. 


British  East  Africa 

German  South  West  Africa. 

Togo 

Paraguay 

Costa  Rica 

Salvador 

All  other  countries 


Total. 


•  •  •  •  I 


$300,490,000 
324,613,000 
172.133,000 
179,607,000 
115,456,000 
75,435,000 
104,172,000 
68,918,000 
60,312,000 
68,509,000 
55,477,000 
66,761,000 
44,006,000 
33,758,000 
38,710,000 
34,157,000 
29,443,000 
32,202,000 
20,797,000 
15,515.000 
22,783,000 
8,770,000 
15,361,000 
13,635,000 
14.651.000 
1,997,000 
6,956,000 
6,657,000 
8,097,000 
4,585,000 
6,107,000 
6,935,000 
4,840,000 
4,322,000 
3,084,000 
5,119,000 
6,451,000 
3,585,000 
2,944,000 
3,003,000 
2,634.000 
2,433,000 
1,853,000 
3.059,000 
2,932,000 
2,467,000 
2,644,000 
885,000 
889,000 
3,662,000 
1,697,000 
504,000 
1,847,000 
1.536,000 
1,999,000 
635,000 
1,162,000 
788.000 
895,000 
865,000 
880,000 
914,000 
15,876,000 


$2,029,399,000 


1910 


1911 


1912 


$282,652,000 
330,013,000 
182,444,000 
180,686,000 
121,099,000 
96,162,000 
85,022,000 
77,489,000 
61,515,000 
65,340.000 
63,750,000 
66,385,000 
44,628,000 
38,986,000 
41,386,000 
36,793,000 
33,363,000 
37,629,000 
25,786,000 
22,531.000 
22,282,000 
11,820,000 
16,394.000 
16,054,000 
14,133,000 
2,531,000 
8,760.000 
6,226,000 
6,798,000 
8,421,000 
7,047,000 
4,516,000 
4,889,000 
6,060.000 
5,176,000 
5,641,000 
10,864,000 
3,771,000 
3,396,000 
3.645,000 
2,543,000 
3.092,000 
2,571,000 
3.456,000 
2,730,000 
2,039,000 
5,586,000 
920,000 
868,000 
4,267.000 
2,003.000 
1,224,000 
2,168,000 
2,815,000 
1,502,000 
657,000 
1,636,000 
967,000 
761,000 
1.250,000 
896,000 
824,000 
20,464,000 


$2,126,322,000 


$319,726,000 
388,951,000 
192,497,000 
175,903,000 
124,811,000 
104,790,000 
88,040,000 
80,942,000 
70,862,000 
67,779,000 
59,082,000 
76,161,000 
43,881.000 
43,554,000 
42,753,000 
37,688,000 
39,050,000 
42,899,000 
25,424,000 
24,596,000 
23,689,000 
12,876.000 
•    25,643,000 
16,682,000 
13,304,000 
6.702,000 
8,942,000 
8,243,000 
8,427,000 
8,803,000 
8,704.000 
6,474,000 
6,153,000 
5,634,000 
6,064,000 
7,384,000 
6,531,000 
3.974,000 
3,410,000 
4,678,000 
2,871,000 
3,473,000 
2,914,000 
4,908,000 
1,984,000 
2,311,000 
4,016,000 
1,181,000 
1,199,000 
5,893,000 
1,987,000 
1,691,000 
2,970.000 
2,565,000 
2,520,000 
2,257,000 
1,447,000 
760,000 
807,000 
1,042,000 
1,181,000 
1,075,000 
18,189,000 


$2,309,947,000 


$377,464,000 

363,628,000 

200.543,000 

197,531,000 

131,432,000 

126,911,000 

105.880,000 

92,021,000 

82,195,000 

72,498,000 

65,858,000 

74,537,000 

51,149,000 

50,929,000 

48,963,000 

49,897,000 

45,176,000 

48,120,000 

28,221.000 

27,498,000 

26,577,000 

15,215,000 

32,886,000 

18,480,000 

15.995,000 

13,835,000 

10,266.000 

8.775,000 

11.972,000 

9,450,000 

0,121,000 

7.627.000 

7,606,000 

5,963,000 

5,879,000 

8,459,000 

5,652,000 

4,736,000 

3,765,000 

4.568.000 

3.763,000 

3,122,000 

3,485,000 

3,212,000 

1,666,000 

2,737,000 

4,275,000 

2,245,000 

2,179,000 

4,695.000 

2,018,000 

2,112,000 

4,538,000 

2,033,000 

4,274,000 

3,720,000 

1,737,000 

1.399.000 

1,479.000 

1,371,000 

1,213,000 

888,000 

19,458,000 


$2,544,636,000 


1913 


$407,246,000 

339.055,000 

208.454.000 

196,935,000 

138.808,000 

128,936,000 

117.710,000 

81,975,000 

79,260.000 

75,599,000 

70,468,000 

59.008,000 

54,176,000 

53,350,000 

50.767,000 

47.561.000 

47.293,000 

45.657.000 

32,010.000 

31,052,000 

28,176,000 

19,510,000 

18,971,000 

17,604,000 

16,570,000 

15,293,000 

11,098,000 

10,763,000 

10.294,000 

9,979,000 

9,692,000 

8,298,000 

8,238,000 

6,184,000 

6.010,000 

5,958.000 

5,792.000 

4.913,000 

4.604,000 

43(>i,000 

4,059,000 

3,796.000 

3.466.000 

3,373,000 

3,347,000 

3,151,000 

3,110,000 

2,605,000 

2,511,000 

2,508.000 

2.417.000 

2.397.000 

2.315.006 

2.097.000 

2.088.000 

1,829,000 

1,804,000 

2,315,000 

1,739,000 

1,711,000 

1,668,000 

1.304,000 

20,687,000 


$2,563,354,000 


; 


ii 


1  - 


280 


EXPORTERS  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


GERMANY 


281 


II 


Value  of  principal  imports  by  articles  for  five  years: 


Articles 


Cotton,  raw 

Wheat 

Wool,  raw 

Barley 

Copper,  crude 

Cattor  and  buffalo  hides 

Iron  ores .\  ^ 

Coffee,  raw 

Coal '.'.'.'.'.." 

£SK8:  yolka  of  eggs ...... 

Fur  skins 

Nitrate  of  soda  (Chile  saltpeter) 

Silk,  raw,  not  dyed 

Bran,  rice  refuse 

India  rubber,  gutta  percha,  and 

balata  gum 

Wood  of  conifers,  sawn. .!.'.!.' ,' 

Tobacco,  leaf . . 

Linseed 

Copra 

Lard 

Butter '.'.'.'.'.'.'.. 

Oil  cakes ',\\ 

Horses 

Cotton  yarn  and  twist .  . 

Woolen  yarn 

Palm  nuts 

Rice 

Corn 

Fruits,  southern 

Wood  of  conifers,  rough .... 

Calfskins 

Jute,  raw,  and  tow 

Meats 

Cattle v.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 

Machinery 

Fruits,  common,  fresh 

Sheep,  lamb,  goat,  and  kid  skins 

Cotton  fabrics 

Kerosene .  .  .  . 

Brown  coal 

Cocoa,  raw " ' ' ' 

Wool,  carded  or  combed ... . . 

Oats 

Fish,  fresh " " ' 

Intestines  and  stomachs  of  cat- 
tle, bladders 

Tin,  crude 

Flax,     raw,     cleaned,   steeped, 

broken 

Poultr>',  live 

Wine,  in  casks . 

Herring,  salted .,', 

Phosphate  of  lime,  natural ..... 

Clover  seed 

Lubricating  oils,  mineral .  .  .  .  . . 

Sesame 

Woolen  fabrics 

Rye .'.'.".'.'.' 

Tin  ores \\\ 

Wood  for  the  manufacture  of. 

pulp  or  cellulose 

Cotton  seed * ' 

Fruits,  dried 

Zinc  ores \\ 

Lead  ores 

Beneine,  raw .'.!!!! 

Linen  yarn * .  " ' 

Sheep,  lamb,  goat,  and  kid  skins, 

dressed 

All  other  articles 


Total. 


$126,669,000 
108,637,000 
84.917,000 
72,118.000 
45,183,000 
40,031,000 
30,142,000 
44,683,000 
39,568,000 
38,086,000 
51,761,000 
28,508,000 
37,546.000 
33.280,000 


36,599,000 

25.306,000 

31,437,000 

25,150,000 

11,069,000 

26,516,000 

23,352,000 

23,403,000 

120,992.000 

21,310,000 

28,478,000 

16,446,000 

14,087,000 

20,929,000 

15,560.000 

19,395,000 

19,963,000 

12,284,000 

11.994.000 

17,321.000 

15.108,000 

13.401,000 

14,354,000 

12,730.000 

14,982,000 

18,465,000 

10.009.000 

20,395,000 

15,632,000 

10.374,000 


12,337,000 
8,733,000 

8.511,000 
10,646,000 
8,761,000 
7,731,000 
9,473,000 
12,495,000 
7,042,000 
5,242,000 
8,317,000 
9,175,000 
4.919,000 

6,578,000 
3,512.000 
5,915,000 
5,266,000 
4,765,000 
4,082,000 
5.509,000 

6,344,000 
526,870,000 


$133,495,000 
89,791,000 
92,763,000 
73,782,000 
51,449,000 
49,173,000 
38,390,000 
42.002,000 
37,545,000 
39,768.000 
50,057,000 
31,771,000 
35,110,000 
27,353,000 


64,345,000 
29,318,000 
24.770,000 
23,983.000 
19.636.000 
16,525,000 
21,888,000 
22,076,000 
26,041,000 
24,292.000 
28,532,000 
21,041,000 
19,104,000 
14,669,000 
18,963,000 
20,084,000 
17,444,000 
10,070,000 
11,696,000 
20,234,000 
15,305,000 
8,294.000 
12.292.000 
13,482,000 
13.095,000 
16,726.000 
10,805,000 
18,949,000 
11,225,000 
11.372,000 

12.831,000 
10,418,000 


9,606,000 

12,111,000 

14,164,000 

9,451.000 

8.607.000 

12,149,000 

6,904,000 

9,798,000 

8,896,000 

10,113,000 

6,357,000 

6,767,000 
4,100,000 
6,334,000 
6,434,000 
4,676,000 
4.020,000 
6,495,000 

7,567,000 
570,819,000 


$143,780,000 
94,932,000 
88,464,000 
109,981,000 
54,989,000 
49,311,000 
42,500,000 
59,873,000 
42,678,000 
41,840,000 
38,492,000 
32,183.000 
32,452,000 
39,286,000 


46,324,000 

32,225,000 

27,734,000 

22,460,000 

17,652.000 

20,874,000 

30,749,000 

24,835,000 

25,329,000 

23,535,000 

27,082,000 

21,460,000 

20,983,000 

20,639,000 

22,468,000 

22,084,000 

17,952,000 

14.834.000 

11,131,000 

14,271,000 

16,901,000 

11,816,000 

11.555,000 

12.249,000 

11.131.000 

16.824.000 

13.210.000 

17,722,000 

17,816,000 

12,391,000 

13,158,000 
13,157,000 


$2,029,399,000 


$2,126,322,000 


10,744,000 

10,913,000 

14,227,000 

9,404,000 

9,916,000 

14,871.000 

8,326,000 

8,052,000 

9,860,000 

18,091,000 

8.549,000 

4,776.000 
5,949,000 
7,233,000 
8.042,000 
6,412,000 
5,293,000 
7,198,000 

7,692,000 
631,087,000 


$137,990,000 
94,211,000 
96,613.000 
105,723.000 
74.496,000 
59,696,000 
47,854,000 
60,119,000 
45,455,000 
45,964,000 
46,361,000 
42,563,000 
34,965,000 
49,748,000 


43,971,000 

35,987,000 

32,277,000 

24,946.000 

22,853,000 

26,458,000 

30,070,000 

27.717,000 

23.831.000 

24,749,000 

25,618,000 

23,640.000 

24.424,000 

34,086,000 

22,425,000 

23,016,000 

20,029,000 

17,785.000 

22,774.000 

17,477,000 

18.341,000 

14,005,000 

14,759,000 

13,827,000 

14,981,000 

16,429,000 

15,134,000 

20,481.000 

21.823.000 

14,083.000 


13,227.000 
15,435,000 

16,032,000 

13,079,000 

13,548,000 

10,501,000 

10.744.000 

13.110,000 

9,827.000 

8.454,000 

11,025,000 

10,447,000 

9,852.000 

7,680.000 
8.381,000 
7,373,000 
9,655.000 
7,170.000 
9,668,000 
7,343,000 

7,381.000 
694,950,000 


$144,496,000 
99,319,000 
98,216,000 
92,911,000 
79,794,000 
76.564,000 
54.048,000 
52,259,000 
48,685,000 
46,189.000 
44.701.000 
40.912,000 
37,603,000 
35.566.000 

34,929,000 

32,199,000 

31,956,000 

30,867,000 

29,019,000 

28,300,000 

28,252,000 

28,217,000 

27,683,000 

27,657,000 

25,706,000 

24,751.000 

24.728.000 

24,257.000 

24,076,000 

23,077,000 

22,527,000 

22.371,000 

22,310,000 

20,775.000 

19,141,000 

17,381,000 

17,276,000 

17,158,000 

16,632,000 

16,463,000 

16,070,000 

14.605,000 

14,382,000 

14,252,000 

14,107,000 
13,840,000 

13,630,000 
13,319,000 
12,735.000 
12,316,000 
11,062,000 
10,941.000 
10,903.000 
10,403,000 
10,336.000 
10,036,000 
10.029,000 

9,480.000 
8.874,000 
8,843.000 
8,743,000 
8,609,000 
8,635,000 
8,368,000 

7,997.000 
091,968,000 


Value  of  principal  articles  of  export  for  five  years: 
Articles  1909  jqiq 


1911 


Machinery  of  all  kinds  (not  in 
cludingelectrical),  and  parts  of 
Iron  and  steel  and  manufactures 
of,  not  specially  mentioned. 

Coal 

Cotton  fabrics 

Woolen  fabrics 

Sugar 

Paper,  cardboard,  and  manufac- 
tures of 

Fur  skins 

Malleable  iron  in  bars 

Silk  fabrics 

Coke 

Aniline  and  other  coal  tar  dyes 

Rje 

Clothing,   millinery,   and  other 

sewn  articles 

Copper    and    alloys,    manufac- 
tures of 

Upper  leather  for  boots,  shoes. 

slippers 

Leatoer.  manufactures  of 

Toys  and  Christmas  tree  decora- 
tions   

Sheets  and  plates,  iron .... 

Oats ■. 

Woolen  yarn 

Wheat 

Iron  tubes,  rolled  or  drawn .... 

Cattle  and  buffalo  hides 

Iron  wire 

Books,  maps,  sheet  music. ... . 
Electrical  appliances  for  illumi 
nation,  transmission  of  power, 

electrolysis 

Rails  for  railway's,  sleepers,  fisii 

plates,  and  bedplates 

Passenger  automobiles 

Pig  iron  and  nonmalleable  iron 

alloys 

Blooms,   billets,   puddled   bars, 

ingots 

Potash  salts,  abraum  salts. . .. . 

Hollow  glass 

Cotton  yam  and  twist ........ 

Chloride  of  potash 

Wares  of  soft  india  rubJaer,  ex- 

cept  tires 

Electric  dynamos,  motors,  tranis- 

formers 

Cotton,  raw 

Pianos,  organs,  and  parts  of . .'. 

fine,  crude  and  scrap 

Indigo 

Margarin  and  vegetable  taJlow 
^hmaware  (except  insulators) 
obeep's  wool,  raw.  .  .    . 


$2,309,947,000 


Electric  incandescent  lamps. . . 
Wool   and    other    animal    hair. 

carded,  combed 

Coai  briquets \\ 

Wheat  flour 

Kice.  polished 

nj'e  flour 

Ejectric  cables  .  ....'..'.'. 

^il  cake  and  meal 

dement 

India  rubber.'  gutta  percha,  and 

balata  gum 

nops 

All  other  articles ........... 


$2,544,636,000  $2,563,354,000 


Total 


$91,480,000 

83,902,000 
74,487,000 
76,473,000 
60,779,000 
48,951,000 

47.135,000 
37,605,000 
23,012,000 
39,209,000 
16,766,000 
28,007.000 
21.976.000 

20.883.000 

16,305.000 

19,486,000 
17,673,000 

18,104,000 

12,310,000 

9,953,000 

14,331,000 

9,361.000 

8,605,000 

13,458,000 

12,406,000 

14,625,000 


4,900,000 

12,111,000 
4,066,000 

6,787.000 

9,957,000 
4,618,000 
9,858,000 
11,646,000 
7,464,000 

7,740,000 

7.197,000 

12.982,000 

9,239,000 

8,683,000 

9,394,000 

91,000 

9,375,000 

10,467,000 

8,C67,000 

9,786,000 
£.231.000 

10.745,000 
7.476,000 
4,390,000 

11.187,000 
6,635.000 
4.748.000 

7,545,000 

4. .536, 000 

504,549,0t)0 


$109,455,000 

99,721,000 
70,954,000 
86,776,000 
62,631,000 
46,282,000 

51,172,000 
45,923,000 
27,090,000 
43,963,000 
20.202.000 
29,938,000 
26,600,000 

24,707,000 

20,109,000 

20,446,000 
18,693,000 

20,498,000 
13,157,000 
14,488,000 
18,450,000 
12,265,000 
8,415,000 
15,767,000 
14,013,000 
14,815,000 


6,749,000 

17.128,000 
6,931,000 

10,709.000 

10,708,000 

7,028,000 

11.296,000 

13,035,000 

9,326,000 

9,851,000 

9,216,000 

14,737,000 

10,522,000 

9,632,000 

9,428,000 

1,883,000 

10,213,000 

10,309,000 

11,786,000 

10,716,000 
6,570,000 

10,286,000 
7,775,000 
6,215,000 

11.277,000 
6.634,000 
6,392,000 

11,658,000 

6,409,000 

564,020,000 


1912 


$1,569,412,000  $1,778,969,000 


$129,566,000 

124,305,000 
87,580,000 
92,801,000 
62,444,000 
50,122,000 

53,600,000 
40,568,000 
29,552,000 
46,054.000 
22,865.000 
27.729,000 
26,076,000 

26,787.000 

22,412.000 

22,721,000 
19,431,000 

21,560.000 
15,816,000 
10,243,000 
20,967,000 
13,171,000 
12,087,000 
14.014,000 
15,245,000 
15,304,000 


7.697.000 

16,289,000 
10,099,000 

12.473.000 

12,656,000 
8,062,000 
12,105,000 
14,087,000 
11,757,000 

10,453,000 

11,176,000 

11,888,000 

12,361,000 

9.503,000 

9.956,000 

3,791,000 

11,238,000 

9,626,000 

10,907,000 

11,021,000 
8,152.000 
8.810,000 
9,830,000 
5,528,000 
7,470,000 
7,066,000 
6.319.000 

9,476,000 

7.521,000 

618,908.000 


$1,929,243,000 


$160,014,000 

138,257.000 

103,904,000 

100,351,000 

60,314,000 

31.070,000 

55,266.000 
50.327.000 
39,505,000 
45,424,000 
30,095,000 
31,836,000 
29,859,000 

28,164,000 

25,729,000 

25.994,000 
23,363.000 

21,960,000 
18,400,000 
14,744,000 
20,039,000 
15,097,000 
15,979,000 
16,864,000 
16,567,000 
16,705,000 


10,076,000 

19,010,000 
16,483.000 

17.348,000 

14.805,000 
11,071,000 
12,723,000 
15,267,000 
10,209,000 

11,255,000 

12,207,000 
12,576.000 
12.717.000 
12,518.000 
10.761.000 
8,519,000 
11,308,000 
11,430,000 
11,991,000 

11,300,000 
8,980,000 
9,429,000 

10,044,000 
7.012,000 
7,679,000 
8,106,000 
8,063,000 

10,306.000 

7,958.000 

676.750.000 


1913 


$2,131,718,000 


$161,904,000 

155.237,000 

122,908,000 

106,267,000 

64,463.000 

63,004,000 

62,539.000 
53,644.000 
48,702,000 
48,176,000 
34,917,000 
33,815,000 
31,634,000 

31.407.000 

31,129,000 

27,225.000 
27,187,000 

24.594.000 
24,455,000 
22,160,000 
21,573,000 
20,850,000 
20,037,000 
19,363,000 
18,146,000 
17.677,000 


17,623,000 

17,536,000 
16,897.000 

15.897.000 

16.634,000 
16.152,000 
14,978,000 
14,533.000 
13.871,000 

13,697,000 

13,456,000 
13.329,000 
13,205,000 
13,053,000 
12.691,000 
12.110,000 
12,039,000 
11,816,000 
11,461,000 

11,331.000 

10,655.000 

10,521.000 

10,315,000 

9,379,000 

9.346.0C0 

9,186.000 

8.966.000 

6.672.000 

5.608,000 

749,422.000 


$2,403,311,000 


282 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREWN  MARKETS 


Value  of  German  exports  to  principal  countries  of  destination  for  five  years: 


Country  of  Destination 


Argentine 

Australia 

Austria  Hungary .  . . 

Belgium 

Brazil 

British  India .' .' 

British  South  Africa . 

Bulgaria 

Canada 

chue .;; 

China 

Denmark 

Dutch  East  Indieis! . '. 

Egypt 

Finland 

France 

Greece ' 

Great  Britain . . 

Italy ;;; 

Jai>an 

Mexico [[] 

Netherlands ........ 

Norway 

Portugal 

Rumania 

Russia 

Sweden '  * 

Switzerland 

Serbia [[[ 

Spain 

Turkey .'.".'."."." 

Uruguay  

United  States 


$43,850,000 
14.600.000 
191,825,000 
87.175,000 
22,950,000 
19,700,000 
9.525,000 
4,700,000 
6,200.000 
14,400,000 
14,200,000 
48,925,000 
9,825,000 
fi.a'iO.OOO 
15,650,000 
113,775,000 
2,825.000 
253,750,000 
72.250.000 
19.400,000 
9.525.000 
108,875,000 
2e.l2f,000 
7,325,000 
14,300,000 
111,125.000 
39.050.000 
103,300,000 
4,150,000 
17,275,000 
19.725.000 
5,825,000 
151,575,000 


$60,050,000 
16,825.000 
205,400,000 
97,675.000 
30,425,000 
22.450,000 
13,500.000 
4,750,000 
9,150.000 
16.200.000 
16,625,000 
56,175,000 
12,450.000 
8,550.000 
18,450,000 
135,850,000 
3,775,000 
275,500,000 
80,875,000 
22,325,000 
11,725,000 
124,675,000 
29,975,000 
8,250,000 
16,425,000 
136.775.000 
47,625.000 
113,150.000 
4.775.000 
17,900,000 
26,225,000 
7,100,000 
158.175,0001 


$63,976,000 
19,925,000 
229,425,000 
103,175.000 
38,000.000 
24.875,000 
19,350,000 
5.975.000 
10,725,000 
21,350.000 
17,950,000 
54.600.000 
15,400,000 
10.575,000 
18.860,000 
149,650,000 
4,450.000 
284.925.000 
87.000.000 
28.150.000 
11.275.000 
133.025.000 
31.075,000 
10.050,000 
23,850,000 
156,^50,000 
47,900,000 
120,600,000 
5,326,000 
22.100,000 
28,400,000 
8.225.000 
159.950,000 


$59,850,000 
21,900,000 
258,825,000 
123,325.000 
45,700,000 
26,875,000 
11,125,000 
7,150,000 
13.576,000 
28,000,000 
20,425,000 
63,550,000 
18,625.000 
9,500,000 
20,850,000 
174,400.000 
4,725.000 
290,275,000 
100,300.000 
27,650,000 
11.325.000 
152,125,000 
36,175,000 
10,550,000 
32,925,000 
169,950,000 
49,350,000 
130,125,000 
4.625.000 
28.260,000 
28.200.000 
9,625,000 
174,400,000 


$66,475,000 
22,125,000 
276,200,000 
137,750,000 
49,950,000 
37.675,000 
16,725,000 
7,575,000 
15.125,000 
24.475.000 
30,726,000 
70,975,000 
24,675,000 
10,860,000 
24,375,000 
178,300,000 
6,100,000 
359,550,000 
98,350.000 
30,675,000 
12,000,000 
173.425.000 
40,425,000 
13,026,000 
35,000,000 
220,060,000 
57,450,000 
134.025,000 
4.850,000 
35,750,000 
24,600,000 
8,950,000 
178,300.000 


mJiZ^"  ""**'"  °'  ^"^  '"'^^  '"""  «"=  P™"'"'^  <»-»"-  *»  the  total  Ger. 


Countries 


1908 


United  States . . . 

Russia 

Great  Britain . . 
Austria  Hungary 

France 

British  India. ... 
Argentine 


1910 


1911 


1912 


1913 


16.7 
12.3 
9.1 
9.8 
5.6 
4.0 
5.8 


13.3 
15.6 
8.6 
8.5 
5.7 
4.5 
4.0 


13.8 
16.8 
8.3 
7.6 
5.4 
4.5 
3.8 


14.8 
14.3 
7.9 
7.8 
6.2 
5.0 
4.2 


16.9 
13.2 
8.1 
7.7 
6.4 
6.0 
4.6 


exportr"*"*'  "'"*""  °'  '''™'"'  '^"^  *°  *•>«  ""->'''  --«««  to  the  total  Gennan 


Countries 

1908 

1910 

1911 

1912 

1913 

Great  Britain 

16.6 
11.5 
7.0 
6.9 
7.9 
7.1 
6.3 

14.7 
11.0 
7.3 
7.3 
8.5 
6.7 
6.0 

14  0 
11.3 
7.7 
7.4 
7.9 
6.6 
6.0 

13.0 
11.6 
7.6 
7.7 
7.8 
6.8 
5.8 

Austria  Hungary 

14   2 

Russia 

10.9 
8.7 
7.8 
7   1 

France 

United  States 

Netherlands 

Switzerland 

A  Q 

5.3 

GERMANY 


283 


,  Production  and  Industry 

Agricmure: 

Apiculture,  aJthough  not  the  leading  industry  in  Germany,  is  very  important  In 
the  southern  portion  of  the  Repubhc,  hops  and  fruits  form  the  chief  agricultural  products 
except  m  the  higher  elevations,  where  rye,  oats,  and  potatoes  are  raised  in  a  great  degree 
Rye  and  oats  are  the  principal  products  of  the  northern  portion  of  Germany.  Sugar  beete 
and  potatoes  as  weU  as  barley  and  wheat  are  aUo  extensively  grown  in  the  northern  and 
central  portions.  The  vaUeys  of  the  Rhine  and  MoseUe  are  devoted  mainly  to  the  culti- 
vation  of  grapes. 

The  subdivision  of  the  soil  in  1913  was  as  follows: 
,^^^^Ln^i!^'^^^'^-  *"'"''  ^^'^^^^  14,799,429  acres;  orchards  137,946  acres; 

In  1907  the  number  of  holdings  was  5,736,082  as  compared  with  5,558,317  in  1895. 
The  distribution  was  as  follows: 


Less  than  2.6 
acres 


2.5-25 

acres 


25-60 
acres 


No.  of  holdings. 
Area  in  acres. . . 


50-125 
acres 


125-250 
acres 


2,731,055 
1,991,637 


Over  250 
acres 


2,306,529 
21,827,262 


412,741 
14,361,750 


225,697 
17.648,608 


36,494 
6,176.985 


23.666 
17,425.894 


Acreage  under  principal  crops  for  five  years: 


Rye 

mieat ... 

Spelt ; ; ; ; 

Biarley  (summer) 
Potatoes . .  . 
Oats 

Hay ;;;; 

^ineyards '.'. 

Hops 


15,253,922 

4,839,980 

801,602 

4,111.297 

8,255.002 

10.553.832 

14.879,747 

300,517 

97,252 


16,035,357 

4,935,245 

683,232 

4,135,050 

8,530,502 

11,095,522 

14,909,117 

264,690 

67,620 


16,747,390 

4,990,250 

672,837 

3,954,497 

8,465,254 

10,970,325 

14,462,410 

254,880 

69,212 


16,028,674 

5,008,101 

648,477 

4,049,657 

8,931,040 

11,538,250 

14,821,982 

242,642 

55,342 


14,997,360 

4,207,630 

428,722 

3,790.256 

6.995,525 

9,039,965 

14,118,605 

229.537 

44.462 


Total  production,  in  tons,  of  principal  crops  for  five  years: 


Rye 

jTieat... 

Spelt ;• 

Barley ' 

Potatoes.'* 
Oats. . 

Hay.  

Wine  (^■.) 

^op8  Gbs.) . 


10,588.312 

4,333,519 

504,950 

3,422,440 

47,230,372 
9,274.517 

31.606,223 

35.976.994 

1917 
206.777 


13,444,633 

6,121,552 

482,316 

4.040,579 

59,533,261 

10,685,362 

32,103,493 

22,108,834 


233,694 


11,469,390 

4,369,174 

407,622 

3,451,781 

60,126,515 
9,942,004 

32,071,626 

20,266.290 


511,205 


10,067,642 

4,241,425 

416,908 

2,732,127 

59,370,683 
6,584,637 

26,451,060 

33,674,492 


320,392 


9,830,568 

3,394,700 
222,436 

3.073,371 
27,581,826 

7,727.948 
31,166,141 
43,032,836 


191.269 


In  1913  there  were  in  Germany 
^«Je  and  3,548,384  goats. 


20,994,334  herd  of  cattle,  6,520,837  sheep,  25,659,146 


t 


i 

r 


I 


284 


EXPORTERS  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Forestry : 

The  following  table  shows  the  classification  of  forests  in  1900  (area  in  acres): 


Crown 
Forests 


State 
Forests 


Forests  in 

which  State 

has  share 


Communal 
Forests 


1,687,565 


Forests  be- 
longing to 
associations 


Forests  be- 
longing to 
foundations 


27,355,805         183,948 


Private 

Forests 


13.943,458 


1.890,871 


1,303.018 


27,688,280 


Total 


84,052.945 


trppwli^'  w^i  area  ^ven  above  about  one-fourth  is  devoted  to  the  culture  of  foliage 
trees  (oaks,  birches,  ash),  and  three-fourths  to  the  cultivation  of  pine,  larch,  fir,  etc 

Fisheries : 

Baltif  fi'sL'n^l2  5^^^^^^  'xf  T'  ^^"^'^"^  ^  ''''  ^^  ^'^^2,850,  and  of  the 
mine  hsheri^,  $2,589,550.  The  value  of  the  lake  catch  in  1912  was  $104  204  Salt 
herring  is  the  largest  single  item  of  the  North  Sea  catch.  =JiU4,^04.     bait 

Manufaclures: 

Wni'r'^'"'*""°V'.'''^'i'^  developed.  The  textUe  industries  are  especially  important 
Woolens  are  manufactured  in  Barmen  and  Elberfeld  and  at  Aachen  (Aix  la  cCeUe  ' 
We  Vir''7'  «ak  and  velvet  manufacture,  and  in  this  respect  rink  n  xt  to  S:^' 
France,  as  the  most  important  producing  center  for  these  goods  in  Europe     The  ootTn 

ol'em,:;:       h^  ^  .T"  '''*''"'"^'^  •"'"'"'  °°  "•  Alsace-Lraine,  now^ed  to  F^e 
^t-ilt^oftaS!  """^  "^""^  ""  ^""^"^'  '  '"''-'-  -  ""—  -^^ 

and  i^lwKLl'nlr^edt  ^^a^r  ^"^  ^"'^^  '"  ^"-'^'  ^^^^  '^^ 

cente^SiurrEl'b^r^eT^'"^  ''"^'""Z  '^'°"'  "">  ""•    ^«  '^"''"^^  Wustrie, 
cenwr  m  btrassfurt,  Elberfeld  and  Barmen,  Bonn,  Berlin,  Leipzig  and  Stuttgart     aocks 

".t5;iir»;  sr.^.-ii'rs  ir-i--*"'  -  --■  '»"='* 


Kind  of  Industry 


Number  of  Es- 
tablishments 


Capital 
Invested 


Mines  and  foundries 

Stone  and  earthenware! 

Metal  industries 

Machinery,  tools,  instnimentsi  apparatus'. 

Soaps,  oils,  varnish 

Textiles 

Paper 

Leather 

Wood,  cork,  straw,  horn',  "etc". ." 

Foods,  beveraees,  tobacco 

Clothing  and  footwear 

Building  yards 

Newspapers,     books,     engra^ng,'  '  photic 

graph,  etc 

Laundries,  baths,  cleaning,"  etc ." ! ! 

Other  industries 

Total 


Horse  Power 


Number  of  per- 
sons employed 


4.275 

21.708 

25.334 

23.291 

2.911 

3.776 

17,400 

4.391 

3.163 

38,723 

97,985 

51.914 

14,221 

8.912 
4,302 
2,218 


324,524 


$567. 62.5. 000 

114,750,000 

66.525,000 

414.100.000 

112.350.000 

40.750.000 

155.400.000 

45.675.000 

30.050.000 

17,625.000 

275,750.000 

4,600,000 

2,605.000 

20.150,000 


1 


$1,867,955,000 


2.332.968 
503,682 
443,224 
,215,512 
192,905 

77.265 
886,373 
412,908 

85,304 

346,024 

1,185,819 

30,028 
189,117 

35,110 


7,936,239 


1,196,786 
647,608 
680,107 

1.173,481 
180.568 
81,819 
956.076 
199.014 
120.802 
453.823 
713,918 
431,126 
276.892 

200.197 
55.583 
18,373 


7,386,173 


GERMANY 


285 


Number  and  size  of  establishments  and  number  of  persons  employed  in  all  industries 
of  Germany  in  1907: 


Industrial  groups 


Establishments  employing — 


1  to  5  persons 


Estab- 

liah- 

mentB 


Persons 


6  to  50  persons 


Estab- 
lish- 
ments 


Persons 


51  or  more  persons 


Estab- 
lish- 
ments 


Persons 


Horticulture  and  animal 

industries 

Horticulture 

Animal  industries,  in- 
cluding fisheries .  .  . 

Manuf'turing.  industries 

Mining,     metallurgy. 

Salt  works 

Stones  and  eartiis. . . . 

Metal  industries 

Machinery,  instru- 
ments an  d  appara  t  us 

Chemical  industries .  . 

Charcoal,  gas.  candles, 
soap,  oils,  fats,  var- 
nishes  

Textile  industries .... 

Paper  industry 

Leather  industry .... 

Manufacturesofwood. 
cork,  straw,  horn, 
combs,  brushes,  um- 
brellas   

Foods,  beverages,  to- 
bacco   

Clothing  and  footwear 

Laundries.baths.ciean- 
ing  and  dyeing,  bar- 
bersandhairdressers 

Building  trades 

Tj-pe  casting,  wood 
engraving,  printing, 

photography 

Art  industnes 

Tradeandtransportation 
Trade 

Insurance , 

Transportation . . . .  . 
Hotels,      restaurants, 
public  houses 


Total 


Estab- 
lish- 
ments 


Persons 


Music,  theaters,  public 
exhibitions 


Total , 


49.200 
30,845 

18,355 

1.870,261 

2,432 

27,835 

133,611 

79,285 
7.723 


3,538 

122,039 

14.810 

45,668 


183,839 

277.589 
664.514 


121,894 
162,079 


12,368 
11.037 

1.204.737 

790,778 

22,304 

80,392 

311,263 


21,936 


96,378 
68,754 

27.624 

3,200,282 

4,903 

62.359 

272,187 

136,516 
18,033 


7,966 

172.058 

28,225 

83,961 


327,148 

615.847 
926,751 


186,916 
315.309 


26.796 
15,307 

2,056,916 

1,299,939 

27,048 

142,019 

587,910 


29,657 


3.146,134 


5,383,233 


3,970 
3,730 

240 

187,074 

1,159 
16.869 
16.080 

11,798 
2.264 


2,227 

lO.lOS 

4.020 

3,686 


19,942 

29.951 
17,639 


3.632 
41,007 


5,767 
925 

76,366 

49,756 

1,469 

7,082 

18.059 


2,712 


270,122 


40,820 
38,198 

2,622 

2,714.664 

23,949 
303,830 
224,810 

194,927 
34,101 


36.426 

181.834 

67.968 

49,723 


271,813 

353,745 
209.003 


45,344 
615,131 


90,535 
11,525 

888.931 

580,519 

19,952 

94,106 

194,354 


44,423 


3.688.838 


146 
121 

25 

29,033 

1.675 
2,922 
2,832 

3,409 
575 


372 

4,217 

957 

419 


1,637 

2,296 
1.390 


212 
5,332 


751 
37 

2,828 

1.606 

151 

816 

255 


115 


32.122 


16,913 
12,806 

4,107 

4.937,927 

832.051 
404,374 
440,023 

788,039 
120.307 


48.618 
734,388 
134.732 

73.289 


172,098 

270,353 
168,099 


22,735 
633,154 


91,521 
3,346 

395,185 

183,176 

22,027 

168.643 

21,339 


13,826 


5,363.851 


53.316 
34.696 

18,620 

2,086,368 

5.266 

47.626 

152.523 

94.492 
10.562 


6,137 

136,364 

19.787 

49.773 


205.418 

309.836 
683.543 


125,738 
208,418 


18,886 
11,999 

1.283,931 

842,140 

23,924 

88.290 

329,577 


24,703 


3,448.378 


154.111 
119.758 

34.353 

10.852.873 

860.903 
770.563 
937.020 

1,120.282 
172,441 


93.010 

1 .088.280 

230.925 

206.973 


771.059 

1.239.945 
1.303.853 


254.995 
1.563.594 


208,852 
30,178 

3.341.032 

2,063,634 

69,027 

404,768 

803.603 


87,906 


14.435.922 


'''^'^Isllt^ClmA^^  ^'^^^^^^  -  '^^   -d-^^y=   Owners,  superintendents.  ofH- 

Of  /"^u^^^  ^^^^  ^^^'  ^^  Germany,  53,448  distilleries  which  produced  85,455,480  gallons 
n  iSQ^r  '^^^'^  ^^"^  '"^    ^^^^'  ^^^  ^""^    making    establishments    which    produced 

'J,188,583  bottles  of  wine.  In  the  same  year  there  were  1,311  tobacco  factories  with  a 
production  of  13,043,434,000  cigarettes;  341  beet  sugar  factories  which  produced  3,889,731 

ns.  There  were  also  135  cement  factories  with  a  production  valued  at  $41,321,750,  and 
"^f  petroleum  refineries  with  a  production  valued  at  $17,715,750. 


U 


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t 


286 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


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287 


Mining : 

Mining  is  one  for  the  most  important  industries  of  Germany.  Prussia  and  Saxony  are 
the  centers  of  coal  and  iron;  silver  mines  are  located  in  the  Harz  regions  and  Saxony,  and 
copper  mines  in  the  Harz.    Silesia  is  a  vast  zinc  producing  district. 

Details  of  the  mining  industry  in  1913: 


Metal 


No.  of 
Establishments 


Tons 


Value 


Coal 

Lignite 

Iron  ore 

Sulphur 

Copper 

Potassio  salts . .  . . 

Lead 

Cobalt  and  nickel 

Asphalt 

Graphite 


350 

465 

328 

268 

14 

153 

68 

12 

14 

20 


200,662,269 

95,956,410 

27,952,430 

295,460 

974,600 

14,636,930 

121,220 

55.110 

116,050 

13,310 


$533,994,500 

47,980.000 

28,929,500 

263,750 

8,080,000 

33,956,250 

5,130,250 

187,250 

198,000 

66.500 


Details  of  the  output  of  the  foundries  of  Germany  (excluding  Luxemberg)  in  1912: 


Foundries  or  Furnaces 

No. 

Tons 

Value 

Coke 

Bricquets 

Blast  furnaces 

Iron  and  steel ' 

178 

77 

93 

1,547 

172 
31 
12 

34,374,230 

6,542,800 

16,742,990 

3,771,900 

13,763,090 

206.470 

11,660 

$126,558,000 

20,956.750 

230.719,500 

174,737,000 

444,097,250 

24,426,250 

11,026,500 

Rolling  mills 

Zinc 

Tin '■'•'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'..'. 

In  1913  there  were  produced  21,221,112  tons  of  pig  iron  and  the  ingot  steel  production 
totaled  16,359,714  tons. 

Railroads: 

In  1913,  Germany  had  38,225  miles  of  raiboads  of  which  21,660  miles  were  main  and 
16,662  miles  branch  roads.  The  major  portion  of  the  raiboads  are  government  owned, 
approximately  40  per  cent  being  in  the  hands  of  private  companies. 

The  roUing  stock  in  1913: 


No. 


Freight  care — open 

Freight  cars — ck>sed 

Baggage  cars 

Coaches 

Locomotives  and  other  engines 


459,286 

207,762 

18,673 

65,961 

29,990 


Capacity 


6,163,637  tons 
2,639,090  tons 


Telegraphs: 

In  1913  there  were  50,013  telegraph  stations  in  the  German  Empire  of  which  38,509 
were  in  the  Imperial  Postal  District  (Reichspost  gebiet),  9,136  in  Bavaria,  and  2,368  in 
Wurttemberg.    There  were  147,864  mUes  of  telegraph  Unes  distributed  as  follows: 

Reichspost  gebiet  (Imp.  Postal  District) 

Bavaria ;    .  

^^'artf  emberg ..!.........................'" 

Telephones: 

There  were  1,387,300  telephones  in  Germany  in  1913  of  which  1,221,900  were  m  the 
Reichspost  gebiet,  115,000  in  Bavaria,  50,400  in  Wiirttemberg.    The  urban  systems  had 


121.148 

19,626 

7  190 


I 


288 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


^(Zr^."'  '"^  '""'  '•'''•'''  ™'-  °'  ^-    The  iaterurban  syatema  had  840.993 

Language :  German  is  universally  used  throughout  Germany. 
Money: 

CuJn'Ty^'Thl.^rToo'pSt*^:  »ark  w.^h  par  value  of  «,.238  United  States 
silver,  ^%JriZrp^^Z^^::^\r.'^\TZl  f -'•'^-'^P-oes; 
coins  are  of  smaller  denominations.  '        ""^  ^  P'*"'"^  P'""=*^-    B"'"^^ 

Weights  and  Measures: 

The  metric  system  of  weights  and  measures  is  universally  employed. 
Shipping  Routes: 

American  Line. 

Kerr  S.  S.  Co. 

Barber  S.  S.  Lines,  Inc. 
Customs  Tariff: 

Under  the  tariff  law,  specific  duties  are  imposed  according  to  weight      THp  H„f,.  • 

Consular  Regulations: 

Cable  Rates:  From  New  York  or  New  England  states,  $0.25  per  word 

Postal  Rates:  Postal  Union  rates. 

Mail  Time:  9  days  from  New  York. 

Parcels  Post:  Service  extends  to  Germany. 

Money  Orders:  Issued. 

International  Reply  Coupons:  Issued. 


GIBRALTAR 

spanth^S^LiTor:^^^^^^^^ 

settled  most  of  whom  a:,  descendents  of  Spanish  anTltlSir^ttir        ' '"™'"""' 

/or  r sCinttX:!  tr ,;  ssrmto'^: "— r  --  ^  ^•>'««^ 
xrr^^aLtLi^  S"r  "?^r- '"-?"  ^  <inr Xrr spa-:^^ 


-    K. 


GREECE 


289 


O01UZZ 


IONIA 
SEA 


scAte  OP  Mues 


60 


loo 


zoo 


GREECE 

A  country  in  southeastern  Europe  bounded  by  Bulgaria  and  Jugo-Slavia  and  the  Med- 
iterranean and  Aegean  Seas.  The  climate  of  the  country  is  Uke  that  of  Southern  France 
AS  a  result  of  the  war  Greece  has  extended  its  territory  in  western  Thrace,  which  until  the 
war  was  a  part  of  Turkey.  Athens  is  the  principal  commercial  city  as  well  as  the  capital 
Of  the  country;  its  port  is  Piraeus,  six  miles  distant,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  railway 
^aioniki  IS  hkewise  of  some  importance  as  a  commercial  center. 

Greece  is  primarily  an  agricultural  country  and  over  one-half  of  the  population  is 
occupied  m  agriculture  and  kindred  industries.  To  a  certain  extent  the  methods 
employed  are  prmiitive  but  despite  this  the  variety  of  crops  is  great  and  the  production 


! 
( 
<     I 


fk^i*^^ 


290 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


GREECE 


large.  By  far  the  most  important  single  crop  in  Greece  is  the  currant,  which  is  cultivated 
on  a  strip  of  territory  bordering  the  Gulf  of  Corinth,  on  the  western  coast  of  the  Pelopon- 
nesus, on  the  islands  of  Zante,  Cephalonia  and  Leucas,  and  in  Acamania.  The  production 
of  currants  is  limited  by  the  government  and  during  the  past  few  years  the  acreage  devoted 
to  its  cultivation  has  been  considerably  reduced. 

Of  the  cereal  crops  wheat,  corn,  barley,  and  oats  are  most  important.  Fruit  orchards 
are  extensive  and  the  most  important  products  are  oUves,  oranges,  citrons,  lemons,  pome- 
granates, almonds,  peaches,  pears,  cherries,  etc.  Cotton^  which  is  extensively  cultivated 
in  the  neighborhood  of  Livadia,  and  tobacco,  are  of  great  importance,  as  is  the  cultivation 
of  the  grape  for  the  production  of  wine.  Stock  breeding  is  of  some  importance  and  is 
usually  carried  on  as  a  distinct  occupation  from  agricultural  farming. 

The  forest  area  of  Greece  is  extensive,  the  great  majority  of  the  forests  being  state 
owned,  but  the  supply  of  timber  for  manufacturing  and  construction  purposes  is  insuf- 
ficient and  imports  of  lumber  are  lai^e. 

The  principal  mineral  resources  of  Greece  are  silver,  lead,  zinc,  copper,  manganese, 
iron,  marble,  and  sulphur.  Manufacturing  industries  are  of  relatively  small  importance, 
this  being  in  a  great  measure  due  to  the  lack  of  local  coal  supply.  The  most  important 
of  these  are  the  smelting  works  at  Laurium.  In  addition  there  are  textile  mills,  ship- 
building and  engineering  plants,  oil  presses,  tanneries,  paper,  glass,  hats,  soap,  candle, 
and  match  manufacturies,  and  an  important  wine  and  cognac  industry. 

A  great  portion  of  the  trade  of  the  Levant  is  in  the  hands  of  Greek  merchants,  and 
there  are  large  and  wealthy  Greek  mercantile  colonies  in  all  of  the  important  ports  of  the 
Mediterranean  and  Black  Sea. 

The  most  important  railway  in  Greece  is  the  Morea  Railway  which  follows  the  Gulf 
of  Corinth  from  Corinth  and  skirts  the  western  coast  line  of  the  Peloponnesus,  which  it 
crosses.  On  the  completion  of  the  railway  from  Athens  to  Saloniki  the  railway  lines  of 
Greece  will  be  connected  with  the  Continental  European  railway  system. 

The  per  capita  imports  of  Greece  in  1914  amounted  to  17.26;  per  capita  exports  of 
Greece  in  the  same  year  amounted  to  $4.96. 

Area  and  Population 

The  exact  boundaries  of  Greece  are  still  to  be  determined.  The  territory  occupied 
before  the  Balkan  war  with  Turkey  and  Bulgaria  (1912-13)  had  an  area  of  about  25,014 
square  miles,  and  in  1917,  when  the  last  census  was  taken,  a  population  of  2,643,109.  This 
territory  is  known  as  Old  Greece.  The  new  territories  acquired  as  a  result  of  the  Balkan 
war  comprise  an  area  of  16,919  square  miles,  with  a  population  (provisional  census  of  1913) 
of  2,101,616.  This  new  territory  is  composed  of  Macedonia,  Epirus,  and  eight  Aegean 
islands. 

In  1914,  Greece,  with  the  consent  of  the  greater  aUied  governments,  occupied  the  north- 
em  part  of  Epirus  (see  under  Albania)  and  in  1916  took  formal  possession  of  this  territory, 
which  embraces  a  population  of  250,000  and  includes  the  towns  of  Argyrocastro  (population 
estimated  at  12,000)  and  Korytza  (population  estimated  at  8,000).  Formal  consent  to  the 
permanent  occupation  of  this  territory  has  not  been  obtained. 


291 


Population  of  Greece  at  the  end  of  the  Balkan  war,  by  departments: 


Divisions  of  Old  Territories 


Department 


Population 

(Census 

1907) 


Attioa  and  Beotia. . . . 
Phthiotis  and  Phods. . 
Aearnania  and  Aetolia . 

Achaia  and  Ells 

Argoiis  and  Ck>rinthia . 

Arcadia 

Laoonia 

Measenia 

Euboea 

Cyclades 

Corfu 

Cephalonia 

Zante 

Lariflsa 

Tiikkala 

Aita 


Total  old  territory . 


407,063 
174,674 
188,597 
254,728 
153,172 
162,324 
148,628 
218,514 
116,903 
130,378 
140,757 
71,235 
42,502 
197,808 
183,489 
52,441 


Divisions  of  New  Territory 


Departments 


Population 

(Proviaiooal  Census 

1913) 


Macedonia: 
Salonica . . 
Serree. . . . 
Drama . . . 
Kozani . . . 
Fiorina. .. 


Epirus: 
Yanina. 


2,643,109 


Aegean  Islands: 

Mytilene 

Chios , 

Samoa 


Canea 

Heraolion  (Candia) 

Sjakia 

Lasithion 

Rethymnoe 


506,571 
135,284 
204,404 
206.307 
142,336 


245,618 


182,167 
73.830 
68,949 


Total  new  territories. 


77,159 
110,014 
25,027 
62,611 
61,339 


1,194.902 


245,618 


324.946 


356.150 


2,101,616 


Population  of  the  principal  cities  and  towns  of  Greece: 
Old  Greece: 


167,479 
73,579 
37,724 
27.397 


Volo.... 
Larissa. . 
Trikkala. 
Pyrgos. . 


23,563 
18,041 
17,809 
13,690 


Zante .... 
Calamata . 
Chalcis..  . 
TripoUtsa . 


13,580 
15,397 
10,958 
10,958 


Laurium 

Syra  (Hermou- 
polis) 


10.007 
18,132 


New  Territory: 


Salonica. 
Candia.  . 
Canea. . . 
CavalU. . 


157,889 
25,185 
24,399 
23.378 


Serres. . 
Yanina. 
Verria.. 
Drama. 


18,668 
16,804 
13,812 
12,903 


Fiorina . 
Ko*ani . 
Retymo 
Vodena . 


10,155 
9.408 
9.086 

8.846 


Commerce 


Value  of  the  total  foreign  trade  of  the  United  States  with  Greece  for  eleven  years: 


Year 

Ended 

June 

30 


1909.. 
1910. 

!?"••• 

1913. 

1914..; 

1915.. 

1916. 

1917.." 

1918..; 

1919.   • 


EXPOBTS 


Domestic 


Foreign 


Total 


Impobts 


Free 


$1,235,743 

424,145 

607,415 

957,300 

1.212,148 

1,112,676 

22.910.665 

30.170,179 

20,659,307 

2,452,730 


$1,554 

5,525 

19.905 

9.341 

4,047 

10,835 

588,981 

869,493 

201,338 

121.152 


Dutiable 


Total 


$1,237,297 

429.670 

627,320 

966,641 

1,216,195 

1,123,511 

23,499,646 

31,039,672 

20,860,645 

2.573,882 

22,908.250 


$351,713 
450,951 
421,600 
652,640 
352,485 
490,727 
698,095 
2,178,549 
2,343,939 
677,544 


Per 

Cent. 
Free 


Excess  of 
Exports  (♦) 

or 
Imports  (-) 


$2,030,489 
2,192,054 
2,711,449 
3,170,726 
2,827.331 
3.375,867 
3,527,908 
6,960,385 
5,079,526 

17,803,888 


$2,382,202 
2,643,005 
3,133,049 
3,823,366 
3.179,816 
3.866,594 
4,226,003 
9,138,934 
7,423,465 
18,481,432 
22,876.904 


14.76 
17.06 
13.46 
17.07 
11.09 
12.69 
16.52 
23.84 
31.57 
3.67 


-$1,144,905 

-2,213,335 

-2,505,729 

-2.856.725 

-1,963,621 

-2,743,083 

♦19.273,643 

♦21,900,738 

♦13.437,180 

-15,907,550 

♦31.346 


4 


if 


II 


292 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER   OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Total  foreign  trade  of  Greece  for  seven  years 


Year 

Imports 

Exports 

Total 

1910 

1911 

1912 

1913 

1914 

1916 

1917 

$30,983,539 
33.487,506 
30.427.754 
35.331.127 
34.475.313 
77.091.696 
39,440.692 

$27,902,216 
27,194.211 
28,209.439 
22.967.212 
23,547,007 
32,8,'>2,564 
21.191.911 

$58,885,755 
60.681,717 
68.637.193 
68,298.339 
58.022.320 

109.944,260 
60.632.603 

Imports  into  Greece  during  1916  and  1917.     (The  latest  available  statistics) : 

Articles 

1916 

1917 

Articles 

1916 

1917 

Agricultural  products 

Animal  products 

$37,786,221 
1,293,536 
5.301,791 
6,7Q7,620 

561,527 
1,941,251 
1.500.426 

4e.310 
395.596 

1.310,867 
174.765 

$19.22.5.306 

788.795 

2.432.428 

4,9^3,199 

351.305 
962,672 
297.272 

79.045 
114,623 

976.019 
131.311 

Metals    and    minerals 
crude 

$7,321,183 

1.473.439 
486,814 

2.548.200 

452.929 

6.482.426 

115.560 
309,109 
886,127 

$774,414 

Chemical  products 

Metals  and  minerals,  man- 
ufactured  

Oil  and  oil  substances. .  .  . 

Paper  products  and  ob- 
jects of  art 

Cotton  yarns  and  fabrics. . . 
Esparto     and     hat-making 

material 

Fish  and  fish  products 

454,020 
227,855 

1.404.185 

328,219 

3.989,440 

Forest  oroducts   

Scientific  apparatus 

Sugar  and  sugar  products 
Tannery     materials    and 
dyes 

Furniture  and  other  wooden 
articles 

Glassware  and  pottery 

69,536 

446,480 

1.474,465 

Leather    and    manufactures 
of 

Wines  and  liquors 

All  other  articles 

Live  stock 

Total 

77.091.696 

39.440.692 

Exports  from  Greece  during  the  same  period: 


Articles 


1916 


1917 


Articles 


1916 


1917 


Agricultural  products 

Animal  products 

Chemical  products 

Cotton  yarns  and  fabrics .  . 
Esparto     and     hat-making 

material 

Fish  and  fish  products 

Forest  products 

Glassware  and  pottery 

Leather    and    manufactures 

of 

Live  stock 

Metals  and  minerals,  crude. 


$17,575,356 

3.609,329 

254.407 

5,196 

1,400 

125.445 

1.287,841 

5,936 

16.722 

695 

2,636.962 


$10,402,709 

1,318,925 

40,071 

270 


21.944 

380,241 

2 


6.116.308 


Metals  and  minerals,  man 
ufactured 

Oil  and  oil  substances. . .  , 

Paper   products   and    ob- 
jects of  art 

Sugar  and  sugar  products 

Tannery    materials    and 
dyes 

Wines  and  liquors 

All  other  articles 

Total 


$240,184 
4,734.877 

3.936 
1,401 

148.512 

2,097,003 

103.362 


32.852.564 


$1,848,281 
3,227 


76.567 

962.983 

20,383 


211,91,911 


Imports  of  goods  into  Greece,  classified  by  countries  of  origin: 


Country 

1913 

1914 

United  States 

'      $549,895 

8,102,960 

188,937 

5,629,246 

411.968 

547.676 

2,037,792 

2,571,089 

62,599 

1,249.127 

765.694 

414.209 

6.831.785 

694,896 

839,660 

$2,684,439 
9,232.562 

313.418 
5,924.401 

496.853 

577.199 
2.165.700 
2,690.146 

100.780 
1,794.459 

766.307 

494.191 
5.163,213 

905.458 
1,166.181 

England 

Egypt 

Austria-Hungary 

Belgium 

Bulgaria 

France 

Germany 

Switzerland 

Italy 

Netherlands 

Rumania 

Russia 

Turkey 

Other  countries 

Total 

_i_L_ 

$34,341,127 

$34,475^3 

GREECE 


293 


Imports  classified  by  principal  articles: 


Articles 


1913 


Animals,  hving 

Animal  products,  hides,  etc . . . 

Fisheries,  products 

Agricultural  products ','.*.'.', 

Oils,  etc *  * ' 

Lumber  and  forest  products. 
Vegetable  dyes  and  tanning. . . . . . 

Minerals  and  metals .'....' 

Drugs  and  chemicals 

Shell  and  bone  products.  ........ 

Furniture  and  wooden  ware. . 
Sugar,  jams,  confectionery,  etc 

Wines  and  liquors 

Thread  and  textiles ........ 

Esparto,  hemp,  hats.  etc.  ...  . 

Glassware  and  pottery '  ' 

Metal  works 

Musical  and  scientific  instruments 
Paper  and  paper  products .... 
Miscellaneous 


Total. 


Exports  classified  by  principal  articles : 


$2,466,909 
1,021,872 
1.785,250 
9,168.584 
295.302 
2.575,186 
113.043 
6,102.409 
1,562.146 
535.910 
35.151 
1.647,162 
82,013 
3,524.404 
288.864 
348.714 
1,139,253 
156.917 
793,565 
698,466 


$34,341,127 


Articles 


•Animals,  living 

Animal  products,  ]ndea,  etc.' '.  '. 
rishenes  products. 
Agricultural  products'.' ." .' .' .' ." .' .' 
Ous,  etc 

Lumber  and  forestry  products. 
Vegetable  dyes  and  tanning. 

Minerals  and  metals ." 

S.™n  '  a^lchemicals \', 

Shell  and  bone  products 

Pumiture  and  woodenware 

^ar,  jams,  confectionery,  etc 
Wjnes  and  liquors ... 

Jkread  and  tertiles'. '.'.'..'. 

tjsparto.  hemo.  hats,  etc.  . .'.' .' .' 

Paper  and  paper  products.  .  "  " 
•niscellaneous   . 


1913 


Total. 


$48,891 

884,227 

75,428 

11.423,948 

1,702,966 

782,706 

100 

3,920,854 

245,440 

8.246 

•   ••••■••■a 

9,739 

4,145,617 

4.502 

231 

1,207 

53,946 

2.451 

57.908 


$22,967,212 


Exports  of  goods  from  Greece,  classified  by  countries  of  destination: 


Country 


United  States... 
t°Kland 

Austria-Hungary. 

tetany 

^JtWlanda'.V.::; 
Turkey' 


1913 


0th, 


w  countries . 


Total 


$1,787,825 

5.491.932 

1,673,393 

2.467.744 

1.666,424 

174,408 

2,627,605 

2,350,946 

314,318 

729.585 

1.832.277 

158.770 

648.342 

265,169 

697.008 


$22,967,212 


1914 


$420,419 
763,598 
1.710.962 
9,135.848 
229.140 
2.774.029 
110.729 
6.700.716 
1,566,749 
488.656 
24.867 
1.830.127 
25.625 
4,873,123 
275.745 
461.209 
1.393.471 
219,480 
674,551 
795,271 


»34,475.313 


1914 


$7,623 

876,863 

107.117 

11.915.679 

2.764.293 

656.292 

30.216 

3.405.293 

190,772 

736 

2.449 

17.000 

3.260.166 

11.492 

48 

382 

342.607 

2.924 

54,887 


$23,547,007 


1914 


$3,346,462 
7.287.502 
1,986.704 
1,067,773 
781.995 
55,904 
1.845,908 
1.525.837 
165.788 
2,305.135 
1.790,949 
107,989 
413,816 
263.011 
602,231 


$23,547,007 


tl 


■\ 


294 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Production  and  Industry 

The  principal  industry  of  Greece  is  agriculture,  and  the  total  area  under  cultivation 
aggregates  5,392,038  acres.  Of  this  total,  2,296,922  acres  are  under  cereal  crops,  207  027 
acr^  are  under  vegetables,  99,766  acres  are  under  garden  produce,  121,289  acres  are  u^der 
fodder,  174,347  acres  are  under  plants  used  for  industrial  purposes,  329,952  acres  are  under 
raisins,  and  162,735  acres  are  under  currants. 

Of  the  cereals  planted,  wheat,  barley,  rye  and  maize  are  the  most  important;  some  rice 
IS  grown  m  Greek  Macedonia  in  the  vicinity  of  Salonica.    The  principal  money  crop  is  the 
currant,  the  yield  in  1918  being  123,000  tons.    There  is,  however,  a  law  estabhshing  a 
Imutation  of  the  production  of  currants  and  the  acreage  is  being  considerably  reduced 
Next  m  importance  to  the  currant  crop  is  the  oUve.    In  1918  the  total  harvest  of  olive 
fruit  amounted  to  140,000,000  gaUons,  and  the  production  of  oil  to  35,248,200  gallons 
Of  this  total,  1,865,000  gaUons  of  oil  were  produced  in  the  Ionian  Islands,  15,666,000  gaUoM 
m  Crete,  7,460,000  gaUons  in  Mj-tilene  and  the  Sporade  Islands,  932,500  gaUons  in  Epirus 
7,087,000  gaUons  in  the  Peloponnesus  and  2.238,800  gaUons  in  the  Greek  mainland. 

The  fig  industry  centers  at  the  port  of  Calamata.  The  citrus  fruit  crop  in  1918  wm 
as  foUows:  49  000,000  oranges,  of  which  22,000,000  were  produced  in  Crete,  6,000,000  in 
^^^i^^*^' .^^'^'^  ^  Laced^mon  (Sparta),  8,000,000  in  Messina  (Calamata)- 
51,000,000  mandarmes,  of  which  35,000,000  were  produced  in  Crete  and  16,000  000  were 
produced  m  Hermioni,  (Poros),  and  Laconia  (Leonidion);  35,500,000  lemons,  of  which 
liT;^-  ^^^.  produced  in  Hermioni  (Poros),  6,000,000  in  the  Cyclades  (Andros),  and 
^o^Tn""  ^""^  (Korysto).  Other  crops  are  nuts,  4,486,180  pounds  in  1918;  tobacco, 
48,699,600  pounds  m  1918,  as  compared  with  102,275,700  pounds  in  1917;  wine,  10.566  800 
gaUons  m  1918.  »      »      > 

In  1914  there  were  in  Greece,  149,000  horses,  79,500  mules,  132,800  asses,  300,000  head 
of  cattle,  3,546,600  sheep,  227,180  pigs  and  2,638,000  goats. 

..r.  ^«"^J^*^®  ^  i'^  a  backward  condition;  the  implements  in  use  in  aU  Greece  comprise 
160  thj-ashers,  1,200  reapers  and  100,000  plows.  Recently  the  government  ordered  in  the 
Umted  States  fifteen  motor  plows  and  200  fuUy  equipped  tractors.  Two  agricultural 
naachinery  factones  m  Volo  have  an  annual  production  of  15,000  to  19,000  plows,  500 
thrashers,  200  hand  presses,  40  presses  for  oUve  oU  and  60  raisin  presses. 

There  are  in  Greece  2,213  large  or  smaU  factories,  employing  a  total  of  36,124  hands. 
Of  these,  1,188  smaU  concerns  employ  a  total  of  3,579  hands;  743  are  moderate  concerns 
cmploymg  8,845  hands;  and  282  are  large  concerns  employing  a  total  of  23,700  hands. 
Among  the  232  busmesses  which  represent  principaUy  the  large  industries,  spinning  and 
weavmg  factones,  which  number  twenty-eight  in  aU,  with  10,004  hands,  are  most  prominent. 
Next  come  seventy-two  factories  or  mUls  for  the  preparation  of  various  kinds  of  provisions, 
^th  3,665  hands;  twenty^ight  engineering  works,  with  2,003  employees;  twenty-three 
chemical  works,  with  1,890  hands;  sixteen  tanneries  andleather  working  factories,  with  776 
hands,  and  other  smaUer  factories  engaged  in  various  industries 

Of  the  282  large  factories,  222,  with  17,841  hands,  belong  to  old  Greece,  and  the  other 
sixty,  with  5,859  hands,  belong  to  the  new  provinces  (which  were  acquired  after  the  BaUaui 
war,  VIZ.,  Eastern  Macedonia,  Epirus,  Crete,  Mytilene,  Chios,  etc.). 

The  total  value  of  the  2,213  factories  amounts  to  260,363,647  drachmas  ($50,250,181), 
and  then-  total  annual  returns  are  estimated  at  372,294,308  drachmas  ($71,852  801).  Of 
the  latter  total  the  smaU  factories  are  responsible  for  106,550,025  drachmas  ($20,564,155), 
krger  factories  for  250,794,810  drachmas  ($48,403,398),  and  the  large  factories  for  314,940,- 
473  drachmas  ($60,783,511).  Ahnost  one-half  of  the  value  of  the  annual  products  of  the 
282  large  factories  is  derived  from  the  twelve  large  flour  miUs. 


GREECE 


295 


With  regard  to  the  motive  power,  570  of  the  factories  are  driven  by  steam  power 
583  by  electricity,  326  by  hydrauUc  power,  308  by  gas  and  935  by  petroleum  (oU  en^es  ) 

According  to  the  industrial  census  of  1917,  Greece  had  at  that  time  132  mUls  and 
mechamcal  workshops.    The  foUowing  fist  divides  them  among  the  diflFerent  departments 
and  presents  a  few  figures  indicating  their  importance :  ' 

Industrial  estabUshments  in  the  several  provinces: 


Department 


Number  of 
Mills 


Number  of 
Workmen 


Attica-Beotia . 
Achaia-Elis.  .  , 
Messenia. . . . . 

Larissa 

Trikala 

Drama 

Salonica 

Corfu 

Cycladea 

Canea 

Heraklion.  .  .  . 

Samoa 

Lesbos 


Total. 


92 

2.032 

10 

171 

3 

20 

2 

216 

1 

2 

1 

2 

9 

107 

1 

14 

5 

150 

3 

32 

1 

5 

1 

9 

3 

40 

132 


2,800 


Value  of 

Value  of 

Plants 

Products 

$2,994,995 

$3,891,459 

142,048 

221,467 

19,493 

16,405 

217,125 

511,450 

1,544 

2,316 

1,544 

1.930 

95,728 

131.433 

6.176 

7,816 

264,603 

342.550 

61,760 

19.300 

4,825 

4,825 

3,860 

1.968 

30,089 

10,576 

$3,843,790 


$5,163,495 


About  70  per  cent,  of  the  business  enterprises  which  use  machinery,  with  plants  and 
products  of  a  value  amounting  to  80  per  cent,  of  the  total,  are  concentrated  in  the  Provinces 
of  Attica-Beotia,  the  center  of  Greek  industry.  The  workshops  of  Volo  (Larissa)  which 
turn  out  tools  and  machinery  for  agricultm-aJ  pmposes,  are  also  deserving  of  mention,  as  are 
^h^>  .K  "^^  (Cyclad^),  and  Patra^  (Achaia-EUs).  The  Province  of  Salonica  d^es  not 
exhibit  the  figures  which  the  geographical  position  of  its  capital  would  lead  one  to  expect 
Ihere  is  no  doubt,  however,  that  mechanical  industry  in  Salonica  is  shortly  to  enter  upon 
an  era  of  rapid  development.  ^ 


Of  the  mnety-two  mUls  and  workshops  of  Attica-Beotia,  nine  are  foundries  and  three 
are  shipyards.    For  power,  forty-seven  use  electricity,  nineteen  steam,  thirteen  an  inferior 
quahty  of  gas,  and  six  use  petroleum.    There  is,  therefore,  a  total  of  eighty  power  plants 
the  remammg  twelve  estabhshmente  being  smaU  and  not  requiring  power. 

According  to  the  latest  industrial  census,  hydrauUc  horsepower  developed  thus  far 

producers  1,095  horsepower,  cotton,  woolen,  and  thread  nnUs  3,288  horeepower,  tanneries 
10  horsepower,  sawmUls  16  horsepower.  The  whole  amount  is  but  one-tenth  of  thepotential 
hydrauhc  power  o  the  country.  Indeed,  it  is  officiaUy  stated  that  steps  are  soon  to  be  taken 
to  make  Greece  s  lakes  and  rivers  yield  66,000  horsepower,  apportioned  as  foUows- 


Horsepo 


wer 


Axbs  RhS^°'  '^^  ^*^  ^''^''  "^'^  '^'^^  ^"^^  '"'  ^»d°^°'  Vodena,  and  the  Divies  River 

Aliakmon  River 

Moussa  FaUs      

Verria  Falls    

gorKopotamoa  River 

Reneos  River  

Str>'mon  River  (probably)V. '. ". '. 

ther  falls  and  nvers  (to  be  used  by  small  business  in  kll  parts'  of  the  countrj;)'.' 


34,000 
40,000 
3,000 
4,000 
2,000 
2,000 
3,500 
3.500 
10,000 


The  larger  sources  of  power  are  to  be  worked  either  by  the  state  itself  or  by  companies 
w  which  grants  are  to  be  made  for  one  of  three  different  periods  of  time. 


i  t 


296 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


The  power  obtained  is  to  be  used  chiefly  in  the  production  of  high  tension  electric 
current  for  manufacturers  and  also  for  supplying  light  to  certain  cities.  To  carry  out  these 
plans  it  wiU  be  necessary  to  import  large  quantities  of  dynamos,  transformers,  transmission 
systems,  and  general  accessory  equipment. 

There  are  at  present  282  petroleum  motors  in  use  in  Greece. 

The  mineral  resources  of  Greece  are  extensive;  the  Laurium  district  of  Thessaly,  the 
Aegean  islands,  and  various  other  parts  of  Greece  are  worked  by  about  forty  companies 
Mineral  production  in  1916  included  10,868  tons  of  chromite,  21,858  tons  of  emery,  93,438 
tons  of  iron,  899  tons  of  manganese  iron,  21,863  tons  of  iron  pyrites,  104,959  tons  of  lead 
219,432  tons  of  magnesite,  11,293  tons  of  nickel,  28,438  tons  of  zinc,  26,974  tons  of  salt  and 
in  1917,  168,564  tons  of  lignite. 

The  following  figures  show  the  mineral  production  of  Greece  for  1916  and  1917,  the 
latest  periods  for  which  statistics  are  available: 


GREECE 


297 


Raw 

Ores 

Ores 

1916 

1917 

Output 

Amount 
sold 

Value 

Average 

price 
per  ton 

Output 

Amount 
sold 

Value 

Average 

price 
per  ton 

Bitumen 

Metric 
tons 

39 

9.880 

62 

19.871 

818 

84.985 

19,876 

95,418 

116,946 

199,484 

3,600 

10,267 

21,619 

25,853 

Metric 
tons 

21 

10.447 

563 

19,950 

$965 
172.041 

8,725 
471.599 

»45.95 
16.46 
15.49 
23.63 

Metric 
tons 

43 
6.750 

Metric 
tons 

37 
9,600 

$6,114 
283,276 

Chrome  ore 

$165.24 

Copper 

29.50 

J^mery 

Ferromanganese 

16.440 

509 

63.364 

17.240 

3.050 

70.343 

10.469 

684 

157,306 

94.934 

400.508 

9.565 

169.590 

33,425 

5.533 

1.631.040 

806.560 

23.23 

Iron 

52,755 

11,496 

2,327 

109,225 

145.538 

108.098 

47.094 

15.572 

832.506 

1.036.370 

2.04 
4.09 
6.68 
7.62 
7.12 

3.13 

Iron  pyrites 

2.41 

Lead 

36.558 
157,956 
162,938 

3.18 

Lignite 

8.08 

Magnesite 

10.36 

Manganese 

8.49 

Nickel 

Sulphur  ore 

l'3.4i2 

104.435 

7.72 

1,598 

9,535 

14.290 

10,248 

76.223 

7.43 

Zmc 

1.820 

14,924 

8.20 

1.334 

22.129 

16.58 

Total 

608.718- 

367.554 

2,812.329 

469.981 

375,245 

3.443,953 

Furnace  Products 

Arsenic  acid 

436 
1.422 
4.287 
9,820 

294 

2.051 

6.047 

11.062 

127.545 
348.365 
180.249 
440.052 

Lead,  pig 

9.424 

21,326 

8,606 

10.144 

22.943 

7,782 

102 

14,658 

1,651,606 

701,145 

253.113 

3,847 

384,508 

162.00 
30.00 
32.00 
37.00 
26.00 

433.00 

Magnesite  calcined. . . 
Magnesite  dead  burnt. 
Magne.site  bricks 

169.00 
29.00 
39.00 

Zmc  calcined 

All  other 

li2,6i2 
833 

7,258 
120 

6.075 
1.313 

217,732 

42.78 

Total 

52,801 

55,627 

2,994,219 

23,343 

< 

25,842 

1.313.943 

Marbles  and   Qtiarry   Products 

Gypsum 

356 
341 

358 

251 

1.321 

33.292 

8.564 

598 

13,057 

4.184 

713.388 

3.377 

1.66 
52.01 

3.16 

21.42 

.39 

44 

173 

48 

390 

4.070 

39,240 

5,028 

252 

22.059 

2,674 

1.378.999 

1.941 

Marbles 

5.25 

Millstones  (pieces) 

56.53 
.65 

Salt ......... 

34.522 
8.564 

45,560 

Santorin  earth 

35.14 
.38 

Total 

734.604 

1,405,925 

Grand  total 

6.541,152 

6.163.821 

Railways,  Roads,  Canals: 

There  are  about  1,360  miles  of  railway;  3,000  miles  of  road.  The  canal  across  the 
Isthmus  of  Corinth  is  four  miles  in  length. 

Telegraphs  and  Telephones,  Post  Offices: 

Length  of  telegraph  line,  5,378  miles;  length  of  wire  10,135  miles;  offices,  795  There 
are  six  urban  telephone  systems,  with  1,440  miles  of  Une  and  5,000  miles  of  wire.  There 
were  1,342  post  offices  in  1914. 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures: 

.n  J^^  "^^  ""^  currency  is  the  drachma  of  100  cepta,  having,  like  the  franc,  a  par  value  of 
uu  u  ?u  '?!*"''  ^^^^'^  °^  "^^'^^^  ^''^  measures  is  principally  used  in  foreign  commerce, 
although  the  old  system  is  used  locaUy.  The  principal  units  of  the  old  system  are  the  oke 
of  2  87  pounds;  the  slater  of  123.20  pounds;  the  Venetian  pound  or  livre  of  1.05  pounds: 
the  banl  (of  wine)  19.59  gaUons,  the  pike  of  27  inches,  the  stremma  (plural  strenunata)  of 
0.2427  acres. 

Language: 

The  Greek  language  is  exclusively  employed  throughout  the  country,  but  fopeim 
correspondence  is  conducted  in  French. 

Consular  Representatives: 

United  States  consular  officials  are  stationed  at  Athens,  Patras  and  Saloniki. 

Consular  officials  of  Greece  are  stationed  at  San  Francisco,  Chicago,  New  Orleans. 
Boston,  Detroit,  St.  Louis,  New  York  City,  Philadelphia,  Norfolk,  Seattle. 

Shipping  Routes: 

American-Mediterranean-Levant  Line. 
Fumess-Prince  Line. 
Cunard  Line. 
Phelps  Line. 

Customs  Tariff: 

The  customs  tariff  of  Greece  enumerates  many  classifications  of  goods  on  which  specific 
duties,  based  upon  weight,  are  levied.  There  is  a  general  (maximum)  and  conventional 
(mmimum)  tariff.  The  United  States  has  a  commercial  treaty  with  Greece  containing 
a^  most  favored  nation"  clause,  which  entitles  certain  products  to  the  benefit  of  the  reduced 

Consular  Regulations:  No  consular  documents  are  required. 

Cable  Rates:  Thirty-six  cents  per  word,  from  New  York  or  New  England  states. 

Postal  Rates:  Postal  Union  rates. 

Mail  Time:  Via  Paris,  twelve  days. 

Parcel  Post:  Service  extends  to  Greece.    Limit  of  weight  11  pounds. 

Money  Orders:  Not  issued. 

International  Reply  Coupons:  Issued. 


298 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


HUNGARY 

(See  Map,  Page  218) 


P  1  \  ""T!?"  T^  ^^*^™  '^''*^  ^""^P^  ^"'^^^^  ^y  ^'^^r  Jugoslavia,  Austria, 
Poland  and  the  Ukraine.  UntU  the  close  of  the  Great  War  it  fonned  part  of  the  Austro^ 
Hunganan  Empire. 

Hungary  is  primarily  an  agricultural  country  and  one  of  the  most  important  wheat 
producing  regions  in  Europe.  After  wheat,  rye,  barley,  oats,  com  and  tobacco  are  the 
prmcipal  crops.  Agriculture  is,  in  general,  carried  on  in  a  very  scientific  way  and  the 
««e  of  modem  equipment  is  extensive.  About  one-quarter  of  the  former  territory  of 
Hungary  is  covered  by  forests,  chiefly  located  in  the  Carpathian  Mountains.  In  general 
the  lack  of  proper  communication  has  hindered  the  development  of  the  lumbering  industry 
with  the  exception  of  that  carried  on  in  certain  parts  of  Transylvania,  which  region  Hun- 
gary  has  lost  as  a  result  of  the  war.  There  are  large  areas  of  pasture  land  in  Hungary 
and  cattle  raismg  and  horse  breeding  are  important. 

Second  to  agriculture,  mining  is  the  most  important  industry  of  Hungary  The 
chief  products  are  coal,  gold,  silver,  iron,  and  salt,  which  latter  is  extensively  mined  in 
Iransylvama,  the  mmes  formerly  being  operated  by  a  state  monopoly. 

The  manufacturing  industries  in  Hungary  have  not  been  extensively  developed  and 
ettorts  to  create  a  large  and  independent  native  industry  date  only  from  1867  To  a 
very  great  extent  the  development  of  manufacturing  industries  has  been  due  to  state 
aids^  such  aa  exemption  from  taxation  and  reduced  railway  tariffs  for  manufacturing 
products.  The  prmcipal  manufacturing  industries  are  those  connected  with  agriculture 
and  mining,  and  the  production  of  textiles.  Among  these  the  most  important  are  flotir 
milling  brewmg  and  distilUng,  the  manufacture  of  beet  root  sugar,  iron  foundries  and 
steel  plants,  saw-mills,  paper  miUs,  and  agricultural  implement  factories.  The  production 
of  textiles  and  agncultural  implements  is  insufficient  for  the  requirements  of  the  country, 
and  large  quantities  of  these,  as  weU  as  all  other  manufactured  goods,  are  annually  imported . 

is  Bu'^^  P[^^^P*^  commercial  city  and  only  important  manufacturing  center  of  Hungary 

Hungary  is  traversed  by  a  fairly  extensive  system  of  raOways,  which  touch  all  the 
more  maportant  centres  of  production  in  the  country.  Under  the  former  Austro-Hungarian 
admmistration  the  so-called  zone  raOway  tariff  was  instituted  with  the  object  of  providing 
cheap  tanff  for  long  distance  transportation.  This  system  did  much  to  promote  the 
trathc  m  Hungary  s  railways  and  was  in  part  responsible  for  their  development.  Hungar>''s 
on  y  direct  outlet  to  the  sea  is  the  port  6f  Fiume,  which  by  the  terms  of  the  Peace  Treaty 
with  Austna  was  separated  from  the  former  Austro-Hungarian  territories 


HUNGARY 


299 


The  per  capita  imports  of  Hungary  in  1912  amounted  to  $24.75.  Of  the  imports  in 
that  year  71  per  cent,  came  from  Austria,  and  9  per  cent,  from  Germany,  which  were  the 
two  most  important  countries  in  Hungary's  import  trade.  The  large  percentage  of  imports 
attributed  to  Austria  includes,  besides  Austrian  products,  foreign  goods  imported  by 
Austria  and  then  re-exported  to  Hungary. 

•  Area  and  Population 

No  exact  statistics  are  yet  obtainable  for  the  area  and  population  of  Hungary  as 
determined  by  the  Peace  Conference.  The  area  of  Hungary  proper  in  the  former  dual 
empire  was  109,188  square  miles.  Its  population  in  1910  was  18,142,200,  with  a  density 
of  166  to  the  square  mile.  The  principal  cities  and  towns  in  former  Hungarian  territory 
with  their  population  are  as  follows: 


City 


Population 


City 


P<H>ulation 


Budapest 

Ssegedin 

Siabadka 

Debrecsen 

Z&g&ih  (Zagreb) 

PoMony 

Temesvir 


880,371 
118.328 
94.610 
92.729 
79.038 
78.223 
72,555 


Kecskemet 

Nagy  Varad 

Araa 

H6dmezd  V^drhely 

Kolozsviir 

U  jpest 


66.834 
64.169 
63.166 
62.445 
60.808 
55,197 


Commerce 

United  States  statistics  of  foreign  commerce  until  1920  included  trade  with  Hungary 
under  the  classification  of  trade  with  Austria-Hungary.  For  the  value  of  this  trade  in  1919, 
see  page  220. 

Foreign  trade  of  Hungary  by  countries  of  origin  and  destination  in  1911  and  1912: 


1911 

1912 

Countries 

Impobts 

Exports 

Total 

Imports 

ExPORTd 

Total 

Austria 

Germany 

United  Kingdom .... 
Bosnia  and 

Heraegovina 

Rumania 

Italy ; . 

$310,276,000 

38,121,000 

8,608.000 

5,260,000 

5,979,000 

4,728,000 

8,189,000 

10,533,000 

5.046.000 

4,769,000 

962.000 

2,099,000 

2,415.000 

708.000 

1.100,000 

904,000 

986,000 

830,000 

1.466.000 

1.254,000 

1.919,000 

1.014,000 

640,000 

264,000 

4,617.000 

$282,662,000 

25,876.000 

7,816,000 

9,823,000 

5,747,000 

9,122.000 

2,887.000 

1.902.000 

4,511.000 

2.632,000 

3.134,000 

2.503,000 

2,124,000 

1,715,000 

1.109,000 

979,000 

320,000 

1,153,000 

825,000 

252,000 

206,000 

31,000 

623,000 

503.000 

3,134,000 

$592,938,000 
63,997.000 
16,424.000 

15.083,000 

11.726,000 

13,850,000 

11,076.000 

12,435,000 

9,557,000 

7,401,000 

4,096,000 

4,602,000 

4,539,000 

2,423.000 

2,209,000 

1.883,000 

1,306,000 

1.983.000 

2.291.000 

1.506,000 

2,125,000 

1,045,000 

1,263,000 

767.000 

7,751,000 

$321,483,000 

42,241,000 

8,927,000 

6,676,000 
8,954.000 
5,571,000 
10,960,000 
9,838,000 
5,310,000 
4,254,000 
1,882,000 
2.220,000 
2,816,000 
1.553,000 
952,000 
1,176,000 
1,871,000 
1,038,000 
1,523,000 
1,528,000 
1,347,000 
1.152.000 
778.000 
240.000 
4.775,000 

$293,756,000 
28.676,000 
13.188,000 

9,973,000 

6.835,000 

9,065,000 

3,382,000 

2,388,000 

4,580,000 

3.160,000 

3.955,000 

2,639,000 

1,757,000 

2,912,000 

1.727,000 

1.411,000 

492.000 

1.289.000 

668,000 

299.000 

404,000 

27.000 

392,000 

673.000 

4.804.000 

$615,239,000 
70.917,000 
22,115,000 

16,649,000 

15,789,000 

14,636,000 

14,342,000 

12,226.000 

9,890.000 

7,414,000 

5.837.000 

4.859.000 

4.573.000 

4.465.000 

2.679.000 

United  States 

British  East  Indies... 

France . . . 

Serbia....      

Turkey  in  Europe .  . . 

Switserland 

Russia 

Bulgaria .[ 

Turkey  in  Asia 

Egypt 

Argentina 

Netherlands 

Belgium 

2.587,000 
2.363,000 
2,327,000 
2,191.000 
1.827.000 
1.751.000 
1.179,000 

Trieste  free  port 

putchEals'tlndiei'!.' 
^»»n . . . 

Greece '.'/, 

1,170.000 

913.000 

9.679.000 

All  other  countries... 

Total 

$422,687,000 

$371,589,000 

$794,276,000 

$449,065,000 

$398,452,000 

$847,517,000 

I 


:f?5 


I 


300 


W 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Value  of  principal  articles  of  import  for  five 


years: 


Articles 


Cotton  cloth . . . 

Woolen  cloth.  .  .',' 

Leather 

Coal         

^rn 

BpotB  and  shoes  of  leather. . . 

Men's  clothing 

Body  linen '.'.'., 

Cotton,  raw.  ...'..'.'.'.".* 

Rice,  uncleaned ....'. 

Hides  and  skins.  .......* 

Furniture  of  wood 

Coffee ■  ■  * 

Knit  goods  of  cotton. ! 

Cotton  yarn . 

siikcioi.. .: 

Iron  blooms,  biliets.'  knd  bar^ '. 
Women's  clothing 
Agricultural  machinery. '. '. .' .'  .*  [ 

Wood,  sawn 

Mmeral  oils,  crude . 

Pig  iron 

Meat, fresh...  ::; 

Coke 

Tobacco,  leaf..': 

Men's  hats .  .  

Wine 

Lrn?n"}fb^rtr.-. 

Sacks  of  jute  or  linen 

Sugar,  refined .  

Oilseeds " 

Heat  motors  and  paxts 

SemisUken  cloth...        

Wool 

Diamonds..!!!;.*;; 

Hollow  glass . . ; 

Sheet  and  plate  gia^'.*.*.'  .* 

bheet  iron,  sheet  steel . 
UoWsmith's  wares  

Soap ; 

Books ;; 

Metal  working  mwhineVy' 

I^namos  and  electric  motors  ' ' 
Silversmiths' wares 
Chocolate...  

Woolen  yarn.;::; 

Sulphate  of  copper 

Musical  instruments 

Candy ;;; 

Jute,  raw 

Cotton  thread  for  retail  triide: ; 

C/Otton  embroidery 

Nails 

Meat,  prepaid.;: 

Phosphate  rock  


Wood: 
Rough , 
Hewn. , 


Fruits,  fresh 

Beer 

All  other  articles . 


1908 


$38,359,000 
22,380,000 
10,817.000 
9,440.000 
192,000 
4.785.000 
4,579.000 
3.911,000 
3.179.000 
4,682,000 
3,600,000 
4,189,000 
3.549,000 
4,661,000 
5,188,000 
3,207,000 
2,964,000 
2,909,000 
2,614,000 
3,163,000 
1,296.000 
2.161.000 
817.000 
2,850,000 
3,018.000 
2.575.000 
1,852.000 
2.082.000 
2,706,000 
2.406.000 
1,519.000 
2,388.000 
2,379.000 
1.396.000 
854,000 
1.767.000 
1.298.000 
1,827.000 
1,618.000 
1,148.000 
1.556,000 
90.=i,000 
1.278,000 
1,490.000 
996.000 
1,032.000 
1,244.000 
846.000 
1,193,000 
842,000 
1,134,000 
852.000 
1.220.000 
1.532.000 
664.000 
1.035,000 
801.000 
664.000 


1.094.000 
1.422.000 

1.132.000 
1,001.000 
117.443.000 


1909 


140,970,000 
27,3,37,000 
12.378,000 
10,581,000 
587,000 
5.004.000 
5.145.000 
4.766.000 
3,525,000 
4,315,000 
3,501,000 
4,179,000 
3,739,000 
6,081,000 
5,264,000 
3,734,000 
2,066,000 
3,479,000 
2,639.000 
3,234,000 
1.634.000 
2.167.000 
629.000 
2.596.000 
2.905.000 
2,609,000 
1.565,000 
2,401,000 
2,769.000 
2,467,000 
1.698.000 
2,149.000 
2,495.000 
2,126.000 
1,342.000 
2,156.000 
2.071,000 
2.030.000 
1.-596,000 
1.284,000 
1,379.000 
1.457,000 
1.336.000 
1,642,000 
829,000 
1,475,000 
1,557,000 
l,a36.000 
1,464.000 
485.000 
1.289.000 
943,000 
1,218.000 
1.593.000 
880.000 
1,132,000 
815.000 
942,000 


1,182,000 
1,036,000 

1.748.000 
936.000 
148,584,000 


1910 


$39,490,000 
29,705,000 
13,948.000 
8.541.000 
661.000 
5,317,000 
5,885.000 
5,482.000 
3.821,000 
4.718,000 
4,109,000 
6,332,000 
4,217,000 
4,667,000 
6.634,000 
3,817,000 
1,949,000 
3,812,000 
3,276.000 
3,573,000 
2,306,000 
1,694,000 
520,000 
2,365.000 
3,182,000 
2,768,000 
2,253.000 
2,692.000 
3,209,000 
2,759.000 
1,878.000 
2.382.000 
2.761.000 
2.305.000 
1,762,000 
2,285,000 
2,171,000 
2,a30.000 
1,675.000 
1,657,000 
1.457.000 
1.859.000 
1,494.000 
1.751.000 
783.000 
1.311,000 
1,600.000 
1,366.000 
1,642,000 
625,000 
1.439,000 
1.066.000 
1.142.000 
1,718.000 
1,223.000 
1,278,000 

i,oa5.ooo 

1,059,000 


1,035,000 
1.227,000 

1,425,000 
861.000 
145.273,000 


1911 


141,343.000 
27.432.000 
15.843.000 
11,092.000 
1,402.000 
6,254.000 
6.622.000 
5.926.000 
4,299,000 
5,062,000 
5,502,000 
6.346,000 
4,970.000 
4.567.000 
6,025,000 
3,787,000 
2,691,000 
4.084,000 
3,487.000 
4,227.000 
2.790.000 
2.265,000 
3.187.000 
2,549,000 
3,312.000 
3,030.000 
1.949.000 
2.917,000 
3,390.000 
2.983,000 
2.212.000 
2.734,000 
2.416,000 
3,156.000 
2.053,000 
2,394.000 
2,210,000 
2,350,000 
1.824,000 
1,770.000 
1,766,000 
2,309,000 
1.947,000 
1.946,000 
1,295.000 
1,565.000 
1,830.000 
1,708,000 
1.607.000 
902.000 
1.639.000 
1.279.000 
1.987.000 
1,787,000 
1,619,000 
1.397.000 
1,343.000 
1,265,000 


$376,041,000 


1,461,000 
1,630,000 

1,413.000 

1,319,000 

165,323.000 


1912 


$40,100,000 
25,495.000 
15.387.000 
13.205,000 
8.440.000 
8,299.000 
7.157.000 
5.742,000 
5,629,000 
5,373.000 
5,212.000 
5,190.000 
5,140.000 
5.109,000 
4,883,000 
4,400.000 
4,325.000 
4,299,000 
4.278.000 
4,228,000 
3,995.000 
3.636,000 
3,368,000 
3,355.000 
3,218.000 
3,186.000 
3.184.000 
3,154.000 
3.087 .000 
2,069,000 
3,034.000 
3.010,000 
2.859.000 
2.543,000 
2.627,000 
2.445,000 
2.419,000 
2,350.000 
2.147,000 
2,122,000 
2.120.000 
2.105.000 
2,083,000 
2.032,000 
1.904,000 
1.872,000 
1.837,000 
1.825.000 
1,812,000 
1.804,000 
1.711.000 
1.7O4.000 
1.688.000 
1,603.000 
1,596.000 
1,477,000 
1.456,000 
1,443,000 


1.399.000 
1,357.000 


1.313,000 

1.269.000 

170.853.000 


$422,687,000 


$449,065,000 


HUNGARY 


Value  of  principal  articles  of  export  for  five  years: 


Articles 


Flour,  wheat  groats 

Oxen 

Wheat 

xl0^8  ..•.•.•.•...•••...... 

Wine 

Sugar,  unrefined 

Rye 

Barley 

Wood,  sawn 

Gate 

Sugar,  refined 

Corn 

Horses 

Eggs 

Cows 

Hides  and  skins 

Leather 

Cotton  cloth 

Poultr>',  killed , 

Tobacco,  leaf 

Steers 

Rice,  cleaned 

Woolen  cloth 

Meat,  fresh 

Wool 

Beans 

Cotton  yarn 

Lard 

Wood,  rough 

Fodder  meal 

Milk ; 

Bacon 

Poultry,  live 

Iron  ore 

Bed  feathers 

Hemp 

Clover  seed 

Fruits,  fresh 

Paper  pulp 

Boots  and  shoes  of  leather. . . 

Butter 

Fatty  oils ; 

Furniture  of  wood 

Starch ; 

Hay  and  straw 

Staves  of  hard  wood 

Sugar  beets ; 

Agricultural  machinery ...!.! 

frushmakers'  wares 

Malt 

Mineral  water.'.!!!!!!;;;;;; 
Sausages .... 

s^raw ;;;;;:;;;;; 

Sheet  iron,  sheet  steel 

S'Pedoes 

^narcoal 

Bran ;;;;;;;*;'; 

Potatoes .::!!!!!!:;;; 

jron  blooms,  bi'Uets,'  and  bare  '. 

All  other  articles . :  ::;;;;;;*; 


1908 


1909 


Total, 


$45,955,000 
18,177.000 
21,039,000 
14,716.000 
5,849.000 
2,621.000 
8,552.000 
10,619,000 
9,292,000 
6,002,000 
8,890,000 
11,822.000 
5,137,000 
7,323.000 
2.793.000 
3.815.000 
5.220.000 
4.835.000 
4,009.000 
4,440.000 
2.356,000 
2,539,000 
2.324.000 
2,874.000 
3,678,000 
2,465,000 
3,070,000 
2,796.000 
1,42.5.000 
2.020,000 
1,474,000 
1.629.000 
2.118,000 
2.351.000 
2.008.000 
1,385.000 
1,. 380,000 
2,298,000 
1,694,000 
1.203.000 
1,901,000 
768,000 
1,189.000 
952.000 
989.000 
1.216,000 
311,000 
680,000 
857.000 
1.332.000 
1,070.000 
874.000 
886.000 
1,100,000 
746,000 
984,000 
1.222.000 
352.000 
1,048,000 
131.000 
58.746.000 


$321,643,000 


$52,755,000 
22.040.000 
14,637.000 
20,921.000 
7,035,000 
2,323,000 
8,639.000 
9,767,000 
8,924,000 
8,164,000 
6,965,000 
12,465,000 
6,397,000 
7,418,000 
4,796,000 
5,264,000 
4,764,000 
4,773.000 
4.504.000 
4.694.000 
2.683,000 
3.043.000 
2.642.000 
3.303.000 
3,930.000 
3,989,000 
2,306.000 
2.928.000 
1,294,000 
2,094.000 
1,706.000 
1,985.000 
2.178.000 
2.289.000 
1,924,000 
1,366.000 
1,495.000 
2,302,000 
1,263,000 
1,267,000 
2.050,000 
1,130,000 
1,209.000 
1,234,000 
1.081,000 
812,000 
681.000 
831.000 
921.000 
1,095.000 
1,123,000 
921,000 
1,054,000 
1,463,000 
574,000 
903,000 
1,042,000 
544,000 
1,515.000 
863,000 
61.042.000 


$345,141,000 


1910 


1911 


$43,508,000 
24,859,000 
16,656,000 
19,784,000 
8.123.000 
2.609.000 
9,681.000 
8,562.000 
9,632,000 
5,702.000 
10,270,000 
11,332.000 
7,371.000 
7,300.000 
6,709.000 
5,117,000 
5,447,000 
5,028,000 
4.551,000 
4,294,000 
3,023,000 
2.551.000 
3,026,000 
3,360.000 
3.987.000 
2.755.000 
2,692,000 
2.611.000 
1.547.000 
2.023,000 
1,947.000 
1,785,000 
2.428.000 
2.398.000 
1.950.000 
1,834.000 
1,877.000 
2.662.000 
1,344.000 
1,231.000 
1.989,000 
1,740,000 
1,456.000 
1,345,000 
1,023,000 
894,000 
987.000 
1.231.000 
1,062.000 
1.064.000 
1,049,000 
1,025,000 
1,132,000 
1,559.000 
693,000 
934,000 
1,460.000 
781,000 
1,274.000 
358,000 
61.878.000 


$348,500,000 


$51,548,000 
21,039,000 
23,439,000 
11,537,000 
11,677.000 
4.850,000 
12.623,000 
9,911,000 
10,423,000 
7,676,000 
6,425,000 
15,659,000 
7,841.000 
7,414.000 
3,022.000 
4,545,000 
5,173,000 
5,170,000 
4.533.000 
3.914,000 
2.371,000 
3,847.000 
3,644,000 
3,614.000 
3.327,000 
2.458,000 
3.051,000 
1.776.000 
2.106.000 
2.399.000 
2.212,000 
1,476.000 
2,301.000 
2.438.000 
1.898.000 
2.244.000 
1,640.000 
4,099.000 
1,600.000 
1,471,000 
1,651.000 
1,735.000 
1.629.000 
1.514.000 
1.163.000| 
1,110.000 
1,450.000 
1.293.000 
1,290.000 
1.274.000 
1.060.000 
1.098,000 
1.082,000 
1,311,000 
1,013,000 
949.000 
1.752,000 
1.192.000 
1.131,000 
1,594.000 
66.544.000 


$371,589,000 


301 


1913 


$53,815,000 
24.704,000 
22,089,000 
18,306.000 
13.775.000 
13.205.000 
12.565.000 
11.582.000 
11.063,000 
9,156,000 
9,035,000 
7,760.000 
6.791.000 
6.632.000 
6,014,000 
5,442,000 
5,261.000 
4.745.000 
4,703,000 
4,548,000 
4,038,000 
3,638,000 
3,579.000 
3,461.000 
3,393.000 
3,193,000 
3,173,000 
2,752,000 
2,618,000 
2,418,000 
2,392,000 
2,330.000 
2.288.000 
2,281,000 
2,116.000 
2,027.000 
1,760.000 
1,747,000 
1,732.000 
1,644.000 
1.633.000 
1.610.000 
1,563,000 
1,485,000 
1,381,000 
1,374.000 
1,347,000 
1,344.000 
1.333,000 
1,182.000 
1,123,000 
1,119,000 
1,081,000 
1,068.000 
1,031.000 
1,010,000 
975,000 
943,000 
922.000 
834.000 

70.333.000 


$398,452,000 


Production  and  Industry 

^      The  principal  industry  of  Hungary  is  agriculture  in  which  12,977,419  people  were 
n^ployed.    Dairying,  sheep  and  poultry  raising  engaged  11,864  persons;  market  gardening 


f 


If 


302 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


rlv!!^''^ k"^'-  ^'^^,  ^"°"'  ^°"''*'y'  *'"=-  "2,399  perBons.    The  total  area  of  all 
agricultural  holdings  m  1913  w»s  80,216,376  acrea.  subdivided  as  follows: 


Arable  land,. 

Gardens 

Meadows . . . . , 

Pastures 

Vineyards . . . , 


35,309,662 

1.070,354 

7.477.020 

9,585,180 

847.491 


Woodlands.  . 
Road-bank .  . 
Infertile  area. 


Total 


21.655.161 

139.048 

4,132.460 

80.216.376 


Acreage  and  yield  of  principal  crops  in  1915: 


Wheat 
Rye  . 
Barley 
Oat8. . 
Com.. 


8.201,388 
2,595,164 
2,794,938 
2.636,124 
6,191,726 


4,532,669 
1.270,487 
1.329,483 
1,279,184 
5.044,600 


Potatoee 

Sugar  beets. . . . 

Hops 

Tobacco  (1913) 


1.576,030 

265,505 

7.062 

118,807 


6,267,580 

2,737,350 

2,333 

28,180 


8«  i™™''  "T  ol  fir**"^  '"  *®'^  "*"  estimated  as  foUows,  in  pounds:  Apples 
88,184,000;  apricots,  28,659,800;  grapes  (for  table),  22,046  000-  peaches  fifin  win^ 

uSSSl""'^"'""^  -"-  '"^'^-    i"  i^'"et^e?r^r«;nT. 

swine^;:S'2(^sSrS8tgo'fr^  '""--•  '■''''''  "-^  °'  -*««=  ''^'^^^ 

In  Hungary  proper  in  1912  the  inhabitants  of  11,392  communes  were  eneaiied  in 

rearing  bees,  which  produced  2,947  tons  of  honey  and  179  tons  of  wax,  valu^auTl olj 

w«  J^^"^""*'^"  ""^  '^  ^^^'^'^  '^^^^^^  4,400,000  pounds  in  1909,  of  which  86  2  per  cent 
w^  produc^  m  Hungary  proper  and  13.8  per  cent,  in  Cn,atia^la;onia.  The  pr^ucTon 
has  smce  been  dechmng.  In  1912  a  large  quantity  of  mulberry  leaves  was  ruine^Vfrost 
and  the  production  of  cocoons  was  reduced  to  2,863,000  pouni.  ^        ' 

th«  '^^J.''^  ''''^  of  Hungary,  situated  in  the  Carpathians  and  in  the  district  between 

Its  arbiS^iri'J^^^^^  """"1  '"^  I'''  ''  ^'^^^'^^  --'  -^  which  11,  W 
acres  are  birch,  5,681,536  acres  are  oak,  and  4,816,060  acres  are  pine. 

or.^  I^^  "ir°^  and  smelting  works  of  Hungary  employed  in  1913  a  total  of  81  200  persons' 
tl^ldT  ;  '?'  P---I^Hungary  gold  and  silver  have  been  mi^fo^e"^ 
!wfl    -^1  ""^"^  Transylvania,  at  Nagybanya,  and  in  upper  Hungary  silver 

chiefly  m  the  region  of  Stavnice  (Sehneczbanya)  in  Slovakia.  Le  Jand  „ 'a^I 
covered  largely  as  a  byproduct  in  the  working  of  gold  and  silver  bearing  ozT  "ILti^ony 

ties  of  Gemer,  Hunyad,  Varasd,  and  Maramaros;  iron  ores  chiefly  in  Gemer-  pyrites  in 

Trk:v7^;rs)  :r^^^  '-^-^  -'  ^^--  -*^-^  -^-^  -^-  ^^  p-'Cn^ 

Bro™^^  ^-T^  ^^f'^""}'}^  ''  "^^^  ^^  Baranya.  Tolna,  and  Orava  (Arva)  counties. 
Bo3    vi  ^^    ^'  'I  ^T^  '".  ^"^^  ^^^'^'^^^^  ^  *^«  «°"^*i««  of  Novohrad  (Nograd), 

b  m2  ^cfudeTi  4'^.^^.T''-  ."^^'^^  "^'  ^  "^"^  '"^  «^^^-     Mineral  production 
m  1912  mcluded  1,432,645  tons  of  true  coal  (1,451,909  tons  in  1913)   8  284  871  tons  of 

and  608,123  tons  of  pig  iron,  3  tons  of  gold,  and  10  tons  of  silver,  1,765  tons  of  lead  945 
tons  of  antmiony,  266  tons  of  copper,  93  tons  of  mercury,  114,1^  to^  Tp^^Vo^ 
tons  of  manganese,  91  tons  of  sulphur,  and  1,442  tons  of  sulphukc  acid 


HUNGARY 


303 


In  1910,  about  one-sixth  (16.3  per  cent.)  of  the  population  engaged  in  useful  occupa- 
tions were  engaged  in  the  manufacturing  industries  (exclusive  of  mining,  but  including 
the  building  trades  and  hotels  and  restaurants).  Budapest  and  Pressburg  are  the  chief 
industrial  cities;  Pest,  Szepes,  and  Gemer  the  chief  industrial  counties. 

The  manufacture  of  foodstuflFs,  beverages,  and  tobacco  are  the  most  important  indus- 
tries, of  these  the  principal  are  flour  mills,  sugar  mills,  distilleries,  breweries,  tobacco 
factories,  the  manufacture  of  meat  products,  and  sparkling  wines.  In  1910  these  industries 
employed  143,609  persons.  Wheat  flour,  of  which  about  3,000,000  tons  were  milled 
annually,  is  the  most  important  product.  Other  important  industries  are  those  of  wood, 
chemicals,  textiles,  earths  and  stones,  leather,  clothing,  printing,  and  paper.  Among  the 
other  important  manufactured  products  are  sugar,  tobacco,  cigars,  alcohol,  pig  iron, 
hewn  wood,  railway  cars,  bran,  beer,  bricks,  structural  iron,  lumber,  and  rails  for  raUways. 
The  textile  industries  supply  only  a  smaU  part  of  the  domestic  needs,  and  large  quantities 
of  textile  fabrics  have  to  be  imported.  The  machinery  industry  supplies  about  one-half 
of  the  domestic  consumption. 

Railways: 

In  1912  there  were  11,224  miles  of  state  owned  and  2,103  miles  of  privately  owned 
railways.  The  state  railways  had  an  invested  capital  of  $809,324,000;  the  privately 
owned  of  $140,248,000.  The  state  railways  had  3,616  locomotives,  2,471  tenders,  7,674 
passenger  and  85,061  freight  cars.  The  passenger  railways  had  603  locomotives,  ^435 
tenders,  1,468  passenger  and  14,224  freight  cars. 

Roads,  Rivers,  Canals: 

Road  mileage,  1913,  59,598.  The  total  length  of  navigable  rivers  and  canals  in  the 
same  year  was  3,727  miles,  of  which  2,177  miles  were  navigable  by  steamer. 

Post  OfiSces,  Telegraphs,  Telephones: 

Post  offices  numbered  6,774;  telegraph  offices,  5,380,  length  of  telegraph  Une,  16,740 
miles;  of  wire  103,540  miles,  messages  numbered  15,470,000.  In  1914  there  were  2^535 
urban  telephone  systems  with  17,475  miles  of  Une  and  251,342  miles  of  wire.  Conversa- 
tions numbered  212,387,000. 

Language : 

Hungarian  is  the  language  of  the  country.  German  is  ordinarily  employed  in  com- 
mercial correspondence. 

Shipping  Routes:  Shipmente  to  Hungary  are  ordinarily  made  via  Fiume,  or  Trieste. 
Customs  Tariff: 

The  duties  of  the  former  Austro-Hungarian  conventional  tariff  resulted  from  commer- 
cial treaties  concluded  between  Austria-Hungary  and  Germany,  Roumania,  Russia,  Italy, 
Belgium,  Bulgaria,  Serbia  and  Switzeriand.  Over  650  articles  are  enumerated,  upon 
most  of  which  the  duties  are  specific  and  levied  upon  net  weight. 

Cable  Rates:  From  New  York  or  New  England  states,  $0.32  per  word. 

Postal  Rates:  Postal  Union  rates 

Mail  Time:  10  days  from  New  York. 

Parcels  Post:  Service  suspended. 

Money  Orders:  Issued. 

International  Reply  Coupons:  Issued. 


304 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


ITALY 

It,ll»1.  ^?'?°°\«"l"»^i°g  the  large  peninsula  in  the  south  of  Europe  which  forms  the 


ITALY 


305 


hemp.  The  grape  is  cultivated  throughout  Italy  and  wine-making  is  an  important  industry 
Olives  are  extensively  cultivated,  as  are  abnonds  and  citrus  fruits.  The  mulberry  tree  ii 
grown  throughout  Italy  for  the  purpose  of  silk  production.  Dairy  farming  is  rapidly  be- 
commg  of  unportance.  The  principal  mineral  products  of  Italy  are  silver,  which  is  chiefly 
mined  m  SicUy,  lead  and  zinc,  chiefly  mined  in  Sardinia,  and  iron,  mined  in  Elba.  Of  the 
manufacturmg  industries  the  production  of  machinery  and  the  making  of  steel  are  of  great 
importance,  as  are  the  textile  industries,  chemical  industries,  and  the  manufacture  of  food- 
stuffs of  all  kinds. 

Italy,  has  an  extensive  railway  system  which  covers  the  peninsula  as  weU  as  Sicily  and 
Sardinia  with  a  close  network  of  lines. 

As  a  result  of  the  war  Italy  has  extended  its  territory  to  the  north,  acquiring  possession 
from  Austna  of  the  Trentino,  and  has  Ukewise  extended  its  territory  on  the  Adriatic  coast 
through  the  occupation  of  the  former  Austrian  province  of  Kustenland,  with  an  area  of 
3,078  square  miles  and  a  population  of  893,797.  Control  of  this  district  gives  Italy  the 
miportant  port  of  Trieste,  with  a  population  of  approximately  247,000.  Besides  this 
temtory  Italy  claims  the  Dahnatian  Coast  of  the  Adriatic,  including  the  port  of  Fiume 
These  clarnis  are  disputed  by  the  new  state  of  Jugo-Slavia  and  no  definite  settlement  has 
as  yet  been  made. 

The  per  capita  imports  of  Italy  in  1917  amounted  to  $41.31.    The  per  capita  exports 
in  the  same  year  amounted  to  $12.06. 

Area  and  Population 
Area  of  Italy  in  square  miles  and  population,  according  to  the  census  of  1911: 


Provinces  and  Departments 


Area 


Population 


Allessandria . 
Cuneo 


Novara 

Torino 

Piedmont,  total , 


Geneva 
Porto 


Maurixio . 


1.960 
2,870 
2,548 
3,953 


11,331 


807.696 

646,719 

756,326 

1,213,709 


Liguria,  total , 
Bergamo 


Brescia. , . 
Como. . . , 
Cremona . 
Mantova . 
Milano, . . 

Pavia 

Sondrio.., 


Lombardy,  total. 


Belluno . . 
Padova... 
Rovipo. . . 
Jl  revise. . 


Ud 


me. 


.XeneiU. . 
X?fona... 
^•cenxa.. 


Venetia,  total . 


1,582 
456 


3,424,450 


1,050,052 
147,179 


2,038 


1.076 
1.823 
1.105 
685 
903 
1.221 
1.287 
1,233 


9,333 


1,276 
826 
684 
956 

2,536 
944 

1.185 

1,056 


9,463 


1.197,231 


511.237 
596,411 
616.212 
348.749 
349,048 
1.726,548 
512,340 
129.928 


4,790,473 


192,793 
519,358 
257,723 
491,166 
628,081 
466,752 
475,049 
496,438 


3.527,360 


Continued  on  page  306. 


306 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


ITALY 


307 


Table  continued: 


Provinces  and  Departments                                               Area              Population^ 

Bologna 

Ferrara 

Forli .'.'.'.".*.'.'."."* 

Modena '    \\ 

Parma ............'..". 

Piacenza !!!.'!!!!"! 

Ravenna 1 !!!!!!!...!!! ! 

Reggio  Emilia ..!!!!.! 

1.465 

1.019 

730 

1.003 

1,258 

967 

715 

885 

577,729 
307,924 
301,408 
353,051 
326.163 
256.233 
248,356 
310,337 

Emilia,  total 

8,043 

2.681,201 

Arecio 

Firense !.*!!!!!!!.*.'.'."."! 

Grosseto !.!'..'.'!!.'!!!!!!! 

Livorno ..'!.'!!!!'.!!!.!!!..'.'! 

Lucca !.'.".".".'.'.'.'!.'.'.'!.*.'!!!!  i !'  .* 

Massa  e  Carrara ' 

Pisa '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.". 

Siena .*!!!.'.'.'!.'!!!,*!!!!!!! 

1.274 

2,261 

1.735 

133 

555 

688 

1,185 

1.471 

283.663 
999,423 
146,634 
135.765 
333,011 
212,430 
342,250 
241,530 

Tuscany,  total 

9.302 

2,694,706 

Ancona 

Ascoli  Piceno .'.'.!.!!!!!!!."!.'! 

Macerata ...!!.!.!! 

Pesaro  e  Urbino ] . i .'!"!"  i !.!!!.!!.!.  i  i 

748 

805 

1.070 

1,118 

319.709 
253,635 
258..393 
261,516 

Marches,  total 

3.741 

1.093,253 

Perugia  (Umbria) 

3,770 

686,596 

Roma  (Latium) 

4.664 

1,302,423 

Aquila  delgi  Abruiii 

Campobasso 

chieti : .:;;::: 

Teramo ..'............'.." 

2.493 
1.692 
1.142 
1.060 

407,005 
349.618 
366.593 
307,490 

Abrusii  e  Molise,  total 

6,387 

1,430.706 

Aveiiino 

Benevento !!'..'. 

Caaerta 

Napoli 

Salerno .................'.'.'.'..'. 

1,165 
819 

2.034 
351 

1.908 

396,581 
254.726 
791.616 
1,310,785 
558,282 

Campania,  total 

6,277 

3.311,990 

Barre  delle  Puglie 

Foggia V.'.'.'.W'.V.'. 

Lecce '..'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 

2,048 
2,683 
2.645 

891.624 
467,020 
771.507 

Apulia,  total 

7.376 

2.130,151 

Potenza  (Baailicata) 

3,856 

474.021 

Catanzaro 

Coeenza .* !!!!."!.*..'.".'.* 

Reggio  di  Calabria 

2,034 
2.566 
1.219 

483.235 
474.001 
444.915 

Calabria,  total 

5.819 

1,402,151 

Caltanisetta 

Catania '''\ 

Girgenti ..!.!............*!!! 

Messina 

Palermo ..............'..'..'.'.'.'..'. 

Siracusa '..'.'.". 

Trapani .' .' .' i  i  i  i  i  i !  i !!!..!..!!!!!!  i !  *  * " 

1.271 
1,907 
1,175 
1,254 
1,927 
1,483 
968 

342,557 
789.147 
393.804 
517.248 
795.031 
476.765 
357.106 

Sicily,  total 

9,935 

3,672,258 

Cagliari 

Sassari '.V.'.'.V.'.'.'.V.\\\\\\ 

6,179 
4,120 

520,213 
332.194 

Sardinia,  total 

9.299 

852.407 

Total 

110.632 

34.671.377 

Estimated  population  of  principal  cities,  including  communal  population: 


City 


Population 


City 


Population 


Naples  (Napdi) . . 
Milan  (MilAno) .  . 
Rome  (Roma) . . . 
Turin  (Torino) . . . 

P^ermo 

Genoa  (Genova) . . 

Trieste 

Florence  (Firenze) 

Catania 

Bdogna 

Venice  (Venezia) . 

Messina 

Leghorn  (Livorno) 

Bari 

Padua  (Padova) . . 

Ferrara 

Drescia  •••••••••. 

Verona 

Foggia 

Lucca. 

Allessandria 

Ravenna 

Reggio  Emilia... 
Modena 


697,910 

663.100 

590.950 

452.000 

345.900 

300.140 

246,500 

242,150 

217,400 

189,770 

168,040 

150,000 

108,600 

109.220 

105,140 

102,550 

89.622 

86,448 

79,213 

79.110 

78,159 

74.161 

75,349 

76..'>84 


Perugia 

xisa •>  ......... 

Ancona 

Cagliari 

Trapani 

Bergamo 

Novara 

Vicenaa 

Parma 

Udine 

Arezzo 

Forli 

Salerno 

Como 

Reggio  Calabria. 

Sassari 

Siena 

Caltanissetta 

Treviso 

Siracusa 

Cremona 

Pavia 

Piacenza 


70,227 
67,286 
68,430 
61,175 
60.779 
58.470 
58.858 
57,016 
54,584 
49.695 
50.093 
48.943 
48,247 
46,216 
43.098 
43,525 
42,428 
42,670 
43,597 
44.094 
42.704 
40.729 
40.362 


Commerce 
Total  foreign  trade  of  the  United  States  with  Italy  during  eleven  years: 


Year 

Ended 

June 

30 


EXPOBTS 


Domestic 


Foreign 


Total 


Imports 


Free 


Dutiable 


Total 


1909... 
1910. . . 
1911... 
1912... 
1913. . . 
1914... 
1915... 
1916. . . 
1917... 
1918... 
1919. . . 


$58,078,454 

53,048.326 

59.993.525 

64.892,006 

75,554.103 

73,737.526 

183.206.124 

267.558,732 

359.351.279 

473,196,976 


$431,141 

418,727 

587.241 

369,262 

731,175 

497.486 

1.613.564 

1.687.373 

1,257.077 

4,701,798 


$58,509,595 

53,467.053 

60.580.766 

65.261,268 

76.285,278 

74,235.012 

184.819.688 

269.246.105 

360.e08.356 

477.898,774 

496,174,730 


Per 
Cent. 
Free 


Ezeeatof 

Exports  (♦) 

or 
Imports  (-) 


$23,452,986 
19,116,236 
16.550.448 
16.304,301 
18,872.941 
15,763,370 
16,732,998 
21.717.723 
11,551.228 
6,789,261 


$25,834,906 
30,752,131 
30,784,361 
31,724.228 
35.234,423 
40,644.301 
38,240.728 
35.714.713 
34,823.140 
23,244,088 


$49,287,894 
49.868.367 
47.334,809 
48.028,529 
54,107,364 
56,407.671 
54,973,726 
57,432,436 
46.374,368 
30,014,349 
21,573,527 


47.58 
38.33 
34.96 
33.95 
34.88 
27.95 
30.44 
37.82 
24.90 
22.62 


$*9,221,701 

♦3.598,686 

♦13,245,957 

♦17,232,739 

♦22.177,914 

♦17,827,341 

♦129,845,962 

♦211,813,669 

♦314.233,988 

♦447,884,425 

♦474,601,203 


The  latest  available  statistics  of  the  foreign  trade  of  Italy  are  for  the  first  six  months 
of  1919.  Italy's  imports  during  that  period  were  valued  at  $1,694,955,563,  and  her  exports 
amounted  to  $345,502,645.  On  the  basis  of  these  statistics  Italy's  imports  during  the  calen- 
dar year  1919  may  be  estimated  at  $3,389,910,126,  and  her  exports  at  $691,005,290. 

Value  of  special  trade,  imports  for  consumption  and  exports  of  domestic  merchandise, 
for  six  years: 


YSAB 


Impobts 


Exports 


Year 


Imports 


$703,608,000 
564.206.000 
907.785.000 


$484,746,000 
426,608,000 
488.955.000 


1916 

1917 

1919  (6  months) 


$1,583,991,980 
1,492.468,299 
1,694,955,563 


Exports 


$597,383,275 
435.940.213 
345,502,645 


i 


i 


I 


308 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Value  of  the  principal  articles  of  import  for  two  years  by  groups: 


Claasification 


1916 


1917 


^irits,  beverages,  and  oils 

Colonial  gooda,  spices,  tobacco 

Chemical  pnxlucts,  medicinal  substances,  guinsVperfum^A^  * 

^lors,  etc.,  for  dyeing  and  tanning 

Hemp,  flax,  jut«,  and  other  fibers,  except  cotton. . '. 

Cotton 

Wool,  horsehair,  etc 

gji^  

w^"j'*  ■  J  * ". 

Wood  and  straw 

£??«'•  and  books :::::::::: 

Hides  and  skins 

Minerals,  metals,  manufactures 

Vehicles 

Stones,  earths,  pottery,  glass.::: :::::::::::: ;:;:;: 

India  rubber  and  manufactures. .   .  

Cereals  and  vegetable  products....:::::::::::::: 

M£^""v::::::::::::::::::::::::: -■■■■-•■-•' 

Precious  metal. :::::::::::::::::::::: 

Total 


$60,423,502 
47,684,948 
78,676,644 
23.357.856 
20.823.307 

139,652.174 

136.723,150 
31.240.888 
17.136.241 
16.059.490 
72,823.010 

247,723,078 
2,286.873 

291356,238 
16,176,413 

273,762,980 

100,723.710 

6347,785 

115,693 


SI, 583,991, 980 


156,963,525 
45.116.018 

153,533,378 
19,838,234 
13,242.855 

101,139,415 
71,161,043 

24,457.306 

14,391.203 

9.693.479 

44383,378 

369,557.868 

8,168.620 

184,961.824 

14,238306 

282,003.023 

83,932,737 

5,127.357 

59,158 


•1,492.468,229 


Special  trade  of  Italy  with  principal  countries  of  origin  and  destination  for  five 


years: 


Imports  from 


1913 


1914 


1915 


1916 


19i; 


United  States 

France 

United  Kingdom : : : 

Austria  Hungary 

Germany : 

Russia : 

Switzerland : : : 

Turkey  in  Europe,  and  others 

Belgium 

Argentina 

British  possessions  in  Asia.. . 
^Kyp^  ••••••>>•••••••••••« 

Spain 

Brazil 

China : .' : : 

Japan : : : : : 


$100,885,346 
64.687.708 

114,212,768 
50.079,380 

118.249.170 
45.813,375 
16.761,085 
26,038,788 
14,870,071 
32,158,046 
32,068,008 

5,598,544 
10,675.023 
10,817,071 
11.731,119 


$85,469,471 
39,867,355 
97,452,2r)2 
45.126,295 
97,114.705 
36.638,734 
14,741,893 
16,454,987 
10,714.588 
10.695.489 
29,238,535 

'i6,'568,i69" 
9,491,161 
6,052,246 
9,003,643 


$337,596,372 

46.341.037 

163,934,972 

8,876.649 

44.422.038 

769,105 

22,796,774 

3,236.224 

1.144.104 

92,650,615 

48,772,451 

17,534,822* 

14,868.848 

9.791,662 

8,101,017 


$659,019,730 

114,854,261 

381,151,261 

224.652 

2.373.321 

567.613 

40,344.334 

776.825 

535.961 

106,883,207 

61,963,708 

15,687,619 

39,956,597 

23.335.823 

19.331.108 

12,459.658 


$124,511,248 
302.141.114 


29,020.059 


84,981.181 

133,850,904 

6.282.150 

21,530,501 


Exports  to 


1913 


1914 


1916 


United  States , 

France , 

United  Kingdom 

Atistria  Hungary 

Germany ,[[[ 

Russia [\[[ 

Switzerland : : : : . 

Turkey  in  Europe,  and  others 

Belgium 

Argentina : : : 

British  possessions  in  Asia.. 

Egypt 

Spain 

Brazil 

China [\] 

Japan : , : ' 


1916 


1917 


$52,703,156 
44,675,833 
60,276,693 
42,681,371 
66.284,692 
2,825,327 
48,088,459 
10,081,934 
11,153,084 
35,812,501 
12.130,629 

3.495.230 

9.196.064 

1.141,981 

887,221 


$50,655,166 
33,619,249 
69,002.416 
37.965,223 
61.595.564 

3,289,227 
44.754.577 
12.921.543 

5,853,883 
22.463,332 

9,730.867 

*  '4.'29'9.654 ' 
6,453,022 
579,579 
661,604 


$54,688,287 
84,478,030 
76.475.352 
22,964.105 
39,466,377 

2,022.833 
60.617.826 

3,294,510 

421.126 

27.232.879 

12.627,411 

"9.160,166' 
6.897.627 
285.447 
360.910 


$50,827,424 

142,351,782 

86.357.657 


$84,906,104 

113,710,170 

62,624.061 


7,878,260 

121,953.419 

4,571,977 

43.425 

38,607.334 

15,587,838 

22,219,704 

6,068,458 

9,045,910 

848,621 

665,850 


21,581.260 
9.397.170 

16.163.943 
6.098,800 


ITALY 


309 


Value  of  the  exports  of  Italy  for  two  years  by  groups: 


Classification 


1016 


1917 


Spirits,  beverages,  and  oils 

Colonial  goods,  spices,  tobacco 

Chemical  products,  medicinal  substances,  gums. 

Colors,  etc..  for  dyeing  and  tanning 

Hemp,  flax,  jute,  and  other  fibers,  except  cotton 

Cotton 

Wool,  horsehair,  etc 
Silk. 


Wood  and  straw. . . . 

Paper  and  books .  .  . 

Hides  and  skins .... 

Minerals,  metals,  manufactures . 

vcmcics  •  >••••••••••■••••••••« 

Stones,  earths,  pottery,  glass 

India  rubber  and  manufactures. . 
Cereals  and  vegetable  products . . 

Animal  products 

Miscellaneous 

Precious  metals 


perfumery . 


Total. 


$23,462,260 

3,928,592 

41,033,578 

2,160,563 

38.774,569 

97,218,636 

28.333,985 

154,337.940 

9,368,877 

9,615,513 

7,651.874 

21,568.051 

16,854,203 

26.433.194 

9.060.383 

63.760,502 

28,919,029 

14,604,789 

296,727 


$597,383,275 


$28,925,085 

2368,483 

33,779,906 

1,717.737 

33,415.465 

58,039.780 

9.198.966 

117,581,836 

5,601.166 

4,651.195 

5,016,828 

17.656.352 

27,737,088 

13.158,110 

5.306,365 

42,544,321 

16.984.155 

11,792..300 

66.075 


$435,940,213 


Production  and  Industry 
Agriculture: 

The  principal  crops  are  cereals;  hemp,  that  grown  in  the  province  of  Bologna  being 
especially  famous;  flax;  grapes,  which  are  cultivated  throughout  the  kingdom,  the  vintage 
taking  place  from  the  beginning  of  September  in  the  north  to  the  beginning  of  November  in 
the  south;  the  olive,  which  is  grown  in  Sicily,  the  harvest  taking  place  from  November  to 
August;  and  almonds,  cultivated  in  Sicily,  Sardinia,  and  the  southern  provinces.  The  mul- 
berry tree  is  cultivated  throughout  the  kingdom,  but  flourishes  especially  in  the  Marches, 
Umbria,  Tuscany,  Venetia,  Piedmont  and  the  Abruzzi. 

In  Italy  generally,  and  in  Sardinia  particularly,  the  land  is  greatly  subdivided.  Peasant 
proprietorship  is  common  in  Piedmont  and  Lombardy,  but  in  the  other  provinces  various 
forms  of  share  cultivation  predominate,  in  some  of  which  the  landlord  furnishes  seed, 
implements  and  improvements,  and  in  others,  provides  free  rent,  a  share  of  the  produce, 
and  a  small  money  wage  in  return  for  labor. 

The  acreage  and  production  of  principal  crops  for  three  years: 


Acreage 


1915 


1916 


1917 


Produce  in  Tons 


1915 


1916 


1917 


Wheat 

Barley 

Oats.. 

Rye 

Maize 

Rice 

Beans 

Potatoes 

Sugar  Beetroot. 

Vines* 

Olives* 


12.648,750 

615,000 

1,222,000 

297,500 

3.932,500 

360,000 

1,351,750 

733,500 

125,000 

11.041.000 

5,750,000 


11.815.750 
612,500 

1,665,750 
288,7.^0 

3,939.750 
356.750 

1,225.750 

737,750 

117.500 

10.872.500 

6,767.500 


10,680,250 
475,000 

1,119,750 
2S2,.=^00 

3,898.500 
350,000 

1,099.500 

740,500 

121,500 

10,846,750 


5,198,200 
260,947 
511,168 
124,096 

3,464.110 
627.872 
531,216 

1,545,000 

1,480,000 

419,210 

33,000 


6.380,928 
246.512 
423.920 
151,984 

2.311,784 
584,736 
422,912 

1.477,200 

1.100.000 

857,120 

33,000 


4,267,429 

180,992 

550,928 

126,896 

2,404,192 

573.664 

394,576 

26.248.000 

22,440,000 

1.061,500 

45,012 


Note:  ♦  Produce  in  thousand  gallons. 

The  dairy  industry  flourishes  in  the  north  of  Italy,  and  the  making  of  cheese,  especially 
Parinesan,  Gorgonzola,  and  Gruy^e,  is  an  important  industry. 


310 


EXPORTERS  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


000,  »43,658,047.  '**'"«-*.0*7,  mcludmg  secondary  products  estimated  at  $10,615,- 

Fisheries: 

were  engaged  in  coral  fishing.  The  total  number  of  L^™^  ^^  fj'^t  '"^^^*'' 
value  of  the  sardine  catch  was  13,098,232:  of  the  Drodu^oTfrT/  '^■■.  ^''*  ^^"^^'i 
of  the  produce  of  the  coral  fisheriU,  $6,83)  "°"^  ^'^««'  »*27.716; 

Aftrxw; 

The  principal  mineral  products  are  sulohur  mm»/i  :.,  o:   i     i     ■       . 
Sardinia;  iron,  mined  in  Elba.    QmO^yT^rti^f    ^^^''  l^  ""*  '^'''  "^^  « 

The  quarrie.  at  TivoU  and  Bav^t^rmp^-  Z^^^J^  ""^  ''"^*"'"'  ^  '^"^'^y- 
stone  in  volcanic  districts.  ™POrtant,  lava  is  extensively  employed  for  paving 

Product  in  short  tons,  value,  number  of  mines,  and  number  of  workmen: 


Ores,  Etc. 


Productive 
Mines 


Short  Tone 


Iron 

Manganese . . . .. 

Copper 

Zinc. 
Lead 

Antimony 

Mercury 

Iron  and  pyrites . 
Mineral  fuel .... 
Sulphur  ore. 


Value 


;} 


AaiAaltio  and  bituminoua'  substances* ' ' 
Bone  acid '   *' 


Totals . 


28 
18 

7 

83 

11 
7 
9 
148 
315 
6 
8 


Workers 


1.036.468 

19,961 

97.322 

99.047 

43.516 

7.169 

147,976 

451.319 

1.436.534 

1.839.828 

18.511 

2.522 


706 


^.610.038 
120.647 
643.260 
3.365.453 
3.281.078 
191.701 
1.621,181 
2,707.236 
11.876,922 
6,790.336 
68.301 
423.698 


} 


36.599,850 


2.329 

476 

1.102 

11.553 

494 

886 

2.788 

9,705 

11,486 

99 

777 


43,137 


$11,9^^"*"  ^"^'"^^  ^'«^  '^--  -  "'«.  "I  the  output  of  .tone  was  valued  at 

Manufactures: 

?a;^r^^lTlrbr;:rorr^^'''^^r*^^^^^^ 

produced  56,069  rnot^rZ^dMdZ^^ZlT  ''""  ^'.T  "''"  ^  ''^  P'''"*'  '«'<• 
The  An^oldo  machinery  worta,  thet^rin  ItTlv  r™  *  r^  '  ""''  '^"  """^  '"'»• 
industry  is  extensive;  sulphur  ^ini^g  sZ  i^tJ^^fi  ?""?"■    ^^  -"eWlurgical 

manufacture  depends  largely  u3  a  nr^^f       ^*  ""''  ^"^^  operations;  iron 

moat  important^f  ItaUrmetS^cSlZL"^For^°i'  """'"""''  " """""^ *"« 
making.  "lausines.     l<oreign  pig  iron  is  imported  for  steel 

The  textfle  industries  include  silk,  which  ppnf^ro  of  Tv>r-i        ^ 
Lombardy,  and  in  Venetia  and  KedZnf  w*  u^  ?  .  ^'^*°'  ^™^  *°^  Bergamo  in 


ITALY 


311 


(province  of  Novara),  Venetia  (province  of  Vicenza),  Tuscany  (Florence),  Lombardy 
(Brescia),  Campania  (Caserta),  Genoa,  etc.  Flax  and  jute  are  important  industries,  the 
latter  producing  supplies  sufficient  for  the  needs  of  the  country  and  exporting. 

Chemical  and  pharmaceutical  industries,  including  the  production  of  explosives,  chemi- 
cal manures,  sulphuric  acid,  sulphate  of  copper,  carbonate  of  lead,  and  hyperphosphates, 
quinine  and  the  manufacture  of  candles,  glue,  soap,  perfumes,  india  rubber,  etc.,  have  their 
center  at  Milan,  Genoa  and  Turin. 

BeetHsugar  manufacture  centers  at  Umbria,  the  Marches,  Lazio,  Venetia  and  Piedmont. 
The  distilling  industries  center  in  Lombardy,  Piedmont,  Venetia  and  Tuscany.  Paper 
manufacture  is  important  in  Milan,  Vicenza,  Turin,  Como,  Genoa,  Ancona  and  Brescia. 
Furniture  making  is  carried  on  all  over  Italy,  each  region  producing  a  special  type;  the  most 
important  centers  are  in  Lombardy  and  Piedmont.  Straw-plaits  for  the  making  of  hats 
are  produced  in  Tuscany  and  Vicenza.  Glass  is  made  in  Tuscany  and  Venetia,  the  best 
quality  of  glass  being  made  at  Murano,  near  Venice.  Ceramics  are  produced  in  Florence, 
Turin,  Milan  and  a  group  of  smaller  cities.  The  manufacture  of  macaroni  and  similar 
foodstuffs  flourishes  extensively  throughout  Italy,  but  is  especially  important  in  the  vicinity 
of  Naples. 

Statistics  of  Italian  industries,  with  reference  to  their  geographical  location: 


Departments  and 
Provinces 


Establish- 
ments 


Em- 
ployees 


Horse- 
power 


Departments  and 
Provinces 


Establish- 
menta 


Em- 
ployees 


Horse- 
power 


Abruisi  and  Molise 
Apulia 

i^ari  >■•••••.•••. 

Lecce 

Baailicata , 

Calabria 

Campania , 

Naples , 

Emilia , 

Bologna , 

Lieuria , 

Genoa , 

Lombardy , 

Como , 

Milan , 


9,005 

36,966 

40,639 

14,765 

82.699 

39.492 

6,950 

40,935 

14,182 

5.410 

29.899 

18,359 

2,808 

11,562 

5,145 

9.561 

40.358 

17,083 

19,284 

168,119 

142,107 

7,663 

91.389 

83.709 

20,317 

146.301 

104.314 

5,197 

44,621 

26.713 

11,456 

132,604 

124.660 

10,149 

124,827 

109.730 

41,027 

657,863 

402,966 

6.153 

105,262 

49,391 

17.493 

346,636 

114.333 

Marches 

Piedmont 

Alessandria 

Novara. . . . 

Turin 

Rome 

Sardinia 

Sicily 

Tuscany 

Florence. . . 

Umbria 

Venetia 

Total . . 


7,563 

49.623 

26,332 

342.364 

5,174 

48.189 

6,108 

90.108 

10,299 

169.567 

10.127 

72.366 

4.015 

34,016 

19.685 

120.740 

22.622 

188.045 

8.298 

66.486 

4,680 

32.106 

20.904 

198,726 

243.926 

2,304,438 

40.339 

264.572 
22,369 
93,836 

123.711 
46.604 
13,064 
66.264 

121,807 
30,582 
65,974 

136.436 


1,620,404 


Particulars  of  industries  classified  by  kind: 


Industry 


Number  of 
Establish- 
ments 


Number  of 

Persons 
Employed 


Horse- 
power 
Used 


Industries  extractive  of  the  subsoil 

Industries  utilizing  the  products  of  agriculture,  fishing  and  the  chase 

(exclusive  of  textile  and  chemical  industries) 

Industries  utilising  metals  (exclusive  of  chemicals) 

Industries  utilising  minerals  (exclusive  of  metal  refining) 

Textile  industries 

Chemical  industries 

Public  service 

Various 

Total 


3,670 

62.216 

139,021 

533,866 

41,116 

389.226 

17.727 

306,612 

31.492 

537,135 

959 

129,398 

5.309 

76,788 

8.398 

71,184 

243.928 

2,304,438 

16,174 

293.941 
174.609 

64.203 
118,797 

65,813 
791.855 
816.908 

1.620,404 


Railways:  Total  length,  11,722  miles.    All  but  3,078  miles  are  owned  by  the  state. 
Post  Offices: 

There  were  11,023  in  1915,  which  handled  a  total  of  2,314,972  pieces  of  mail  matter. 
Telegraphs:  Offices,  8,694  in  1915;  miles  of  line,  33,561  in  1915. 


I- 


312 


EXPORTERS  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Telephones: 

There  were  372  ufban  and  808  interiirban  systems  in  1915  all  „nr?«r  -♦-*         .    . 
In  that  year  4,619,000  conversations  took  pUce  ^C^^oL  ^  ''^*''^- 

Money : 

The  system  corresponds  to  that  of  Prance.    The  Lira  of  100   haa  cent«im!  . 
parvalueof  10.193.    There  are  coined  20  and  10  lire  pieces  in  goW  5  2  T^Z/^°"^ 
tesimi  pieces  in  silver,  20,  10,  5  and  2  centesimi  pieL  toS  and  bL^     r   I"  T" 
^issued  by  the  Banco  d'  ItaUa,  the  Banco  di  N^  an^htS  tl^, !:f  by  t 

Weights  and  Measures:  The  metric  system  prevaUs. 

Language: 

houi*!^'    ^"""^  '^y^^.il  necessary,  in  correspondence  with  large  commercial 

Local  Advertising  Media: 

impo'rrfSrp^is^'^^ti-?^^^^^^^^^^^ 

good  media  in  dealer  campaigns.     Poste.  and'Cne  dispt  s jr^wT J  "^  ''" 
stations  and  tram  care  are  extensively  employed  as  media  ""^'^'^^ 

Consular  Representatives : 

United  States  consular  officials  are  stationed  at  Catania  Florenrp   n«n«o    t     u 
Milan,  Naples,  Palermo,  Rome,  Turin,  Venice.  '  ^''°*'  ^«*^^''°' 

Italian  consular  officials  are  stationed  at  Birmingham    Mf^hiu    t        a       i       « 
Francisco,  Denver,  mndad,  Hartford,  New  HavenTi£rg;orw:;hi^S.    Iv""." 
Pensacola,  Tampa,  Savannah,  Honolulu,  Chicago,  Springfield  fll-Hlf^f'  ^^  "^'''• 
Louisville,  Hammond,  New  Orleans,  Portland^;itZ«  B  Jton  l^^*""' J™"*!"??' 
Detroit,  Duluth,  Gulfport,  St.  Louis,  Butte   OmZ^^''t2y:,f!'"^<^^'^' 
Albany,  Buffalo,  New  York  Qty,  Rochester,  Vonkers  cSaW  ^v^";^  m""."?'?'' 
(Okla.),  Portland  (Oregon),  Altoona  (Pa)  Erie  PhiladelnhLTf*  k      k^''' '^*"^'^'*'"' 
Arecibo  (P.  R.),  Maytguez,  Ponce,' sL^' ^al^'KSe' Ch^Z'' '^^^k' "'^'*' 
Worth  (Texas),  Galveston,  Port  Arthur,  Salt  LakTatv  N^rf^^  R   .?'     rj"**"'    ^""^ 
(V.  L).  Seattle,  Clarksburg,  Northfork  (k  vl^MilwIuki!         '         ■"""''  ^*-  ^'"""'^ 
Shipping  Routes: 

Anchor  Line. 

White  Star  Line. 

Cimard  Line. 

Navigazione  Generale  ItaUana,  "La  Veloce"  and  Lloyd  Italiano  Lines. 
Customs  Tariff: 

The  Italian  tariff  levies  specific  duties  based  on  wPiVKf  l,r^^«  k     j    j     ,  , 
The  tariff  is  a  double  one,  prescribing  a^en^  fm^mtlT^      ^"^-^^  classifications, 
tariff  with  respect  to  evei^  ch^ificX     ^e  l^^^^^^^^      conventional  (minimum) 
nations,  enjoy,  by  virtue  oTa  t.aty  embodyilg^h^  <  W^^^^^  .^^^- 

of  certain  of  its  products  and  manufacturers  under  the  convelionlM  "!^^' *d°^^«° 
articles  a  smaU  "statistical"  duty  is  levied.  conventional  tariff.    On  certain 


ITALY 


313 


Consular  Regulations: 

Bills  of  lading  must  show  the  address  of  the  consignee.  An  affidavit  certified  by  the 
Italian  consul  must  be  attached  attesting  that  the  goods  are  bought  for  Italian  consumption. 

Cable  Rates:  From  New  York  or  New  England,  $0.31  per  word. 

Postal  Rates:  Postal  Union  rates  apply. 

Mail  Time :  About  ten  days  from  New  York  to  Genoa. 

Parcel  Post:  Service  extends  to  Italy.    Limit  of  weight,  11  pounds. 

International  Reply  Coupons:  Issued. 

Money  Orders:  Issued.  

SAN  MARINO 

Included  in  the  area  of  Italy  is  the  independent  republic  of  San  Marino,  which  has  an 
area  of  thirty-eight  square  miles  and  a  population  (1916)  of  11,648.  For  all  commercial 
purposes  it  may  be  regarded  as  a  part  of  Italy. 


i 


314 


BXPORTER^S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


JUGO-SLAVIA 

(See  Map,  Page  218) 


that  of  the  combined  2l^^ ^"' IZtT ^"  approximately  equivaJ^Tto 
Massachuaetta.    The  principal  cSaS^JdNiT'""'"'"''  ^'^'^  '''''"'  *"<' 

whawe;r£a^i::ytLVbTti:p^''sr  ''"  ''I  ^  •-''  ^-^'  -•^'=-- 

commercial  gateway  of  the  co^tS^  Conference  may  be,  promises  to  be  the  chief 

agricultural  crops  are  com  beetr^r  Zh^  ^u  !  ^^"^^^  The  most  important 
especiaUy  important,  theT^nSr^^d^^.tL;^  l^l'  T^"  T  ^'  ""''°«  " 
exported,  both  raw,  and  manufactu^^M  ^  ,^'  ^"^  ^^"'  f°™«'''y  extensively 
portant.  a.  is  the  b^eXgoT^ye^i^  ""'^'  '^'^  '''^='-    Sericulture  is  im- 

Serbi?:  ~:,r:lrfn"^-  '^Z^rV  \'^"''''^'  ^--ner^govina  and 
important    meS^rricai    ^,7'  ^^x^^al.    Manufacturing  enterprises  other  than  the 

Area  and  Population 


JUGOSLAVIA 


^15 


Slavia.    The  following  estimate  is  therefore  approximate,  but  it  closely  follows  the  pro- 
visions of  the  treaty  of  peace  with  Austria: 


Coiintries 


Area 
square  miles 


Population 


Countries  formerly  independent : 

Serbia 

Montenegro 

Former  Austrian  territory: 

Dalmatia 

Bosnia-Hersegovina 

Croatia-Slavonia 

Carinthia  (in  part) 

Camiola 

Styria  (in  part) 

Estimated  total 


18,650 
5,603 

4,956 

19.768 

16,421 

1,994 

3,845 

866 


72,103 


2,911,701 
436,789 

658.682 
1.962.411 
2,602.544 
203,081 
530.189 
146,775 


9,452,172 


Principal  cities: 

Serbia:  Belgrade  (capital  of  the  kingdom)  population  90,890;  Nish,  24,949;  Kragu- 
ySvatz,  18,452;  Leskovatz,  14,266;  Monastir,  59,856;  Uskub,  47,384;  Prizren,  21,244. 
Montenegro:  Cettinj^,  5,500;  Podgoritza,  14,000;  Dulcigno,  5,000;  Nikshitch,  5,000; 
Antivarie,  2,500.  Bosnia-Herz^ovina:  Sarajevo,  51,919;  Mostar,  16,392;  Banja  Lucka, 
14,8(X) ;  Tuzla,  1 1,300.  In  the  other  former  Austrian  territories,  Laibach,  43,4(X);  Karlstadt ; 
Agram. 

Commerce 

Until  1920  United  States  statistics  of  foreign  commerce  classified  trade  with  the 
territory  now  composing  Jugo-Slavia  under  trade  with  Austria -Hungary  and  Serbia. 
Exports  to  Serbia,  Montenegro  and  Albania  during  the  calendar  year  1919  were  valued  at 
12,927,724.    Imports  were  valued  at  $10,347. 

No  adequate  statistics  are  yet  available  concerning  the  foreign  trade  of  the  new  country. 

Foreign  trade  of  Serbia,  1907  to  1912,  inclusive: 


Year 

Imports 

Exports 

1907 

$13,721,238 
14,703,541 
14,293,260 
16,346,249 
22,277,094 
20,624,581 

$15,841,899 

1908 

14,676,905 

1909 

18,074.340 

1910 

19,016,673 

1911 

22.564. S46 

1912 

16,372,625 

Foreign  trade  of  Montenegro  1905,  1906,  1907  and  1910: 


Year 

Imports 

Exports 

1905 

$942,840 
1,166,400 
1.268,460 
1,653.746 

$345,060 

1906 

393.660 

1907 

272,160 

1910 

484,299 

Imports  to  Montenegro  showing  principal  countries  of  origin  during  1905,  1906,  1907 
and  1910: 


Imports  from 


1905 


1906 


1907 


1910 


Austria-H  ungary 

Turkey 

Italy 

Great  Britain . . . 


$729,000 

281,880 

24,300 

12.150 


$729,000 

286.740 

24.300 

12.636 


$972,000 

140,940 

116,640 

29.160 


$884,520 

267.300 

252.720 

72.900 


^  *, 


316 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


durinit:  ye^'^ZZ'^r^  "  "*'""  ''  '^"""''^  <»-'"-  °^  <>" 


ongm  and  destination 


Country 


Imports 


1910 


1911 


America 

Austria-Hungary . . 
Belgium " ' 

Bosnia-Herzegovina 

Bulgaria 

*jreece 

Denmark.. 

Egypt .*.'.'.'.■■ 

England 

Italy .'.■;.■.'.■; 

Germany 

Norway. 

Portugal ........ 

Rumania 

Russia .' 

Turkey,... .  [,[ 

France ......... 

Netherlands .  . . . . 

Montenegro .[ 

Switzerland ] 

Sweden ...'.*. 

Spain 


E.TPORT8 


1910 


1911 


Total. 


$195,172 

3.116,611 

173,670 

40,170 

93,181 

74,682 

4.987 

2,205.668' 
703,474 
6,750,334 
530 
2,119 
227,796 
351.865 
1.145,370 
695,497 
146,727 
8.462 
379,730 
14,171 
16,693 


S16.346,249 


S412.184 

9,157,460 

401,569 

42,439 

134,553 

62,785 

481 

1. 838485' 
938,136 
6,049,943 
100 
1.740 
297.108 
654.617 
736,083 
1.108.942 
98.148 
13,411 
299.786 
15.489 
13.936 


$746,402 

3.439.621 

3,114,486 

23.224 

797.482 


322.7.'il 

20«,443 

4.229.505 

30.8«0 


$22,277,094 


1.268.107 

2,617 

4,529,887 

229,881 

58,286 

5.790 

11.251 


$696,596 
9.347.644 
1,185,447 

21.637 
540,753 

21.245 

443 

16.752 

848.052 

5,584,054 

965 


$19,016,673 


Foreign  trade  of  Bosnia  and  Herzegovina  for  1908  and  1913: 


1.185,135 

10.174 

2.312,899 

741,354 

1,285 

564 

49,847 


$22,564,846 


Articles 


Importb 


Exports 


1908 


1913 


Principal  articles  imported: 
r lour . 


Clothing  and  miilinery 

Wares  of  iron  and  steel.   

L/Oifee 

Leather,  and  manufactures  oif ' ' ' 

Cotton  fabrics. . 

Com ]  ] 

Cotton,  rawr'wkdding':  yarn".;.' 

ougar,  refined 

Machinery 

SSm?^  ?"*^  "tramway  cars ." .' .' ." .' 
Distilled  bquors 

Wine ' 

Horses [ 

Explosives ...      

Principal  articles  exported  i 

Wood,  sawn .... 

Plums,  dried. 

Oxen ' '  [ 

Hides  and  skins . 

Wood,  rough  or  hewn 

Cows 

Iron  and  steel,  semimanufactured. 

Iron,  pig  and  scrap . 

Plum  jam 

Calcium  carbide 

Eggs 

Soda ;;■; 

Sheep .'' 

Coal  and  peat . . . 

Meats 


190S 


Total  trade . 


$2,677,000 
1.791,000 
1 .356,000 
1,316,000 
803,000 
780,000 
1.690.000 
670,000 
643.000 
895.000 
521,000 
436,000 
267.000 
259,000 
339,000 

31,000 
1.000 
168.000 
68,000 
7,000 
80,000 
323,000 
69.000 
2.000 
4.000 
4,000 
6,000 
4.000 
59,000 
102,000 


1913 


$24,702,000 


$3,623,000 

3,008.000 

2.396,000 

1.993,000 

1.504.000 

1.481.000 

1.418.000 

1.039.000 

1.017,000 

1.011.000 

910,000 

749.000 

719.000 

642,000 

606.000 

47.000 
7.000 
1.204.000 
160,000 
23,000 
349,000 
319,000 
126.000 
3,000 
9.000 
8.000 
9.000 
10.000 
58,000 
192.000 


$40,741,000 


$73,000 
347,000 
755.000 
16.000 
99.000 
40,000 
217,000 
29.000 
23,000 
28,000 
1.000 
214,000 
59,000 
341,000 
35.000 

4,908.000 

1.230,000 

1.470,000 

630.000 

693.000 

392.000 

741,000 

438,000 

243.000 

391.000 

284.000 

621.000 

297.000 

262,000 

251,000 


$22,117,000 


$26,000 
843,000 
378.000 
34.000 
207,000 
31.000 
214.000 
23,000 
13,000 
59,000 
6,000 
168,000 
187,000 
317,000 
91,000 

5,000,000 

2,256.000 

1,895.000 

1.410.000 

928.000 

849.000 

700.000 

628.000 

536.000 

476,000 

455,000 

424,000 

408,000 

389.000 

385.000 


$28,032,000 


JUGOSLAVIA 


317 


Production  and  Industry 
Serbia: 

Agriculture  is  the  principal  industry;  the  land  is  greatly  subdivided,  nearly  every 
peasant  cultivating  his  own  small  holding.  The  holdings  vary  between  about  10  to  30 
acres  in  extent,  the  average  size  being  20  acres.  Of  the  total  area  of  11,930,740  acres, 
2,505,455  acres  are  arable  land;  477,229  acres  are  devoted  to  fruit,  vines,  and  garden  pro- 
duce, and  1,312,381  acres  are  meadow.  Maize  is  the  principal  cereal  crop,  since  corn-cake 
is  the  staple  article  of  diet  of  the  peasantry,  and  the  normal  yield  exceeds  5,000,000  bushels 
yearly.  Wheat,  beetroot,  and  tobacco  are  other  crops.  Fruit  is  grown  extensively, 
special  attention  being  devoted  to  the  plum.  Fresh  plums,  prunes  and  plum  marmalade 
were  exported  extensively  before  the  war.  A  liquor  known  as  "raki"  is  likewise  distilled 
from  the  plum. 

There  were  31,522  persons  engaged  in  silk  culture  in  1910,  and  the  export  of  cocoons 
was  an  important  element  of  Serbia's  trade.  Livestock  in  1910  comprised  152,617  horses, 
957,918  head  of  cattle,  3,808,815  sheep,  863,544  pigs  and  627,427  goats.  Forests  have  an 
area  of  3,792,500  acres,  of  which  1,375,000  are  state  owned,  and  1,625,000  are  owned  by 
the  communes. 

The  mineral  resources  comprise  gold,  silver,  iron,  lead,  zinc,  lignite,  antimony,  nickel, 
mercury,  manganese,  graphite,  and  mineral  springs  productive  of  iodine  and  sulphur. 
Coal  and  lignite  are  mined  in  the  north-eastern  mountains  near  the  Danube,  Timok  and 
Morava  rivers;  the  mines  are  operated  by  the  state,  by  Belgian  companies,  and  by  private 
enterprise.  Lead  is  mined  in  Podrinye  at  Krupon  and  in  the  Pozharevate  at  Kucha jua. 
Antimony  is  mined  at  Zayechat.  Copper  and  iron  are  mined  by  Belgian  companies  at 
Maydaupet,  the  principal  mining  center  east  of  Morava.  The  output  of  minerals  in  1911 
was  valued  at  $2,974,891;  there  were  mined  7,725  tons  of  copper  valued  at  $1,576,085; 
25,855  tons  of  coal  valued  at  $428,554;  gold  production  was  valued  at  $176,695  and  cement 
production  at  $146,644. 

The  principal  manufacturing  industry  is  flour  milling,  and  in  1911  there  were  17  large 
mills.  Brewing  and  distilling  are  important,  sugar  refining  and  the  making  of  celluloid 
are  other  industries.  Carpet  weaving  and  dyeing  is  an  important  industry  which  has  its 
center  at  Pirot.  Meat-packing,  wool  weaving,  tanning,  boot  making,  pottery  and  iron 
work  manufacture  are  likewise  carried  on.  There  are  fewer  than  100  large  industrial 
enterprises  in  Serbia. 
Bosnia-Herzegovia; 

Agriculture  is  the  principal  industry,  but  is  carried  on  for  the  most  part  only  primi- 
tively. Forests  occupy  about  half  of  the  total  areas,  and  timber  is  an  important  article 
of  export.  The  important  crops  are  tobacco;  maize  (production  1912,  238,700  tons); 
wheat  (production  1912,  89,100  tons);  barley  (production  1912,  68,200  tons);  oats  (pro- 
duction 1912,  75,900  tons);  potatoes  (production  1912,  104,500  tons);  rye  (production  1912, 
12,100  tons),  and  millet,  flax,  hemp  and  buckwheat.  Beetroot,  sunflowers  and  plums  are 
important  crops.  Wine  is  produced,  and  silk  culture  is  being  developed.  The  raising  of 
livestock  is  an  important  industry;  in  IdlO  there  were  1,308,930  head  of  cattle,  2,499,422 
sheep,  1,393,068  goats,  527,721  swine  and  221,981  horses  in  Bosnia-Herzegovina. 

Mining  is  rapidly  assuming  importance;  the  minerals  include  copper,  iron,  manganese, 
coal,  chromium,  salt  and  quicksilver.  Production  in  1915:  coal,  87,878  tons;  iron  ore, 
121,450  tons;  pig  iron,  2,827  tons;  steel  ingots,  20,826  tons;  rolled  iron,  15,421  tons;  man- 
ganese, 11,464  tons;  salt,  414,695  bushels. 

Manufacturing  industries  comprise  tobacco  factories  (formerly  a  state  monopoly) 
iron  foundries,  blast  furnaces,  chemical  factories,  distilleries,  breweries,  soap  and  candle, 
jam,  paper,  and  ammonia  factories. 


318 


EXPORTERS  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREWN  MARKETS 


CroatiaSlavania: 

olives  are  principal  industrilT  SSV-f^LTTh.  "  "™''  ,°™°'^'  '*'"°'^'  ^-  «d 
mulberry  trees  for  the  b^g  oTI^S^'  ^^  'ST'  °''"^'  "^  '•'"^'  "^-^  «' 
cereal  cmps  are  maize,  wheat.  oatsrye^dTrW  ^h""*  '™'"'^'-  '^  P^-^'P"' 
flax  and  hemp.    Iron  coal  w^nn.,  t7j  !^'    ""'*''  ''"'P*  *'«  potatoes,  tobacco 

^n  located.'^  s.:::^z'^z\^7L':^z^LmJ'\T,  -^-^  *"  •-- 

breweries  and  distiufri^Xr^^  -  mtX^orrSJa^tr^  T"" '"^ 

tenth'^ri^^arofSt^  '^.^ZZT  "Z^tV"'  "•^  ^""^  "-'  ""'^  ■"»"'  - 
land  is  principaUy  mountain  p^tt^^va^T  H  '^'^  T'  '°  '^°'™''  '«°»"-  The 
their  mutton,  wWch  is  trpS  S  t,d""of  ^^  '"'"'•  ^'"^^  "«  ''"'Pt  '» 
burden,  and  goat«  are  numeror  CatT^T  ^  u  ,  P*"^"*"  '^^'  »«  "^te  of 
fruits  and  vegetables.  esS^taS!t.d^^'^''*"P'"«'  """*  "'^  """i^"""  "f 
maize,  barley,  oats  akd  ^e  Z  K^'lt^^'  "^t^^^-'^  --ied  on.  Wheat. 
a«>  olives,  almonds,  figs,  oran^  and  t^tn^  .,  y""!. J?/"  ""Portant  product,  as 

livestock  of  aU  kinds  ^rerea^C^'i,!'"^''"^*''''''  '"^  ««'  t*""  oUve  are  grown, 
a  brewery  and  cloth  fal^te  mT^^I^"'  a«  practicaUy  no  manufactures; 
and  an  ohve^U  refinery  at  inti^arT  NJcsh.tch,  a  soda-water  factory  at  Cettinje. 

Carinthia  and  Camiola' 

tries,  a,^  WSped  i3Lf,  "^."^  especiaUy important.  MetaUurgicJindus- 
manufactu^/Lead  imn^r^^^  machinery,  lead  articles,  wire  cables  and  rails  an. 
factu,^  include  b^fdesre'^taSuiw^r^^^^^  Manu- 

Of  the  total  s^Toicl^o^^^^  ^'"^'^  ^^^*^-'  -™-*  -^  -od. 

44.4  per  cent.,  meadows  l/T^r  iJnt  ^L  i"".  / ""  ^^''  cultivation.  Forests  occupy 
The  grain  crops  pn^T^d  doTot^^^^^^^^  ''  ^'  '''^'-  *"^  ^^«y^^'  ^^^  Per  cenJ. 

timber  are  im^rLnt  p^cSuctsL  th/«n  ^^^'^^^^^  «^  *^«  population.  Flax  and 
coal  and  zinc  ar«  fou^rbut  the  nri^^^^^^^  '\  extensively  cultivated.     I„>n,  copper, 

L^en  and  Uc^weaviSre'tiT^^^^^^  ^  ^ury,  mined  at  1^.' 

Radways,  Telegraphs,  Telephones,  Post  Offices- 

Herzt^oX^™"  l'^  mL'nf  "i^^^  ''^^  ^^^^*'  ^-*«-«-  -d  Bosnia- 
of  raifroad.    Of^hlTos  '^es  of^^^^^  ^  ^  *<'*-^  of  1,577  miles 

gauge.  Serbia,  Montenegro  ^dB^.^^^^'T^™*'  ^nly  64  miles  is  normal 
with  515  office^  (of  wWch^ri^  IZtH'"'"'"^"  ^  ^'^'^  "^^^  of  telegraph  line 

wmcn  ^9  m  Bosma-Herzegovma  were  also  poet  offices).     In  Serbia 


JUGOSLAVIA 


319 


alone  there  were  2,181  telephone  systems  of  which  52  were  interurban;  and  1,612  post 
offices  not  including  the  249  in  Bosnia-Herzegovina. 
Money,  Weights  and  Measures: 

The  currency  of  the  kingdom  has  not  yet  been  organized.  The  former  Serbian  system 
was  on  a  gold  basis,  the  unit  being  the  dinar,  with  a  par  value  of  $0,193  U.  S.  currency. 
There  were  20  and  10  dinar  gold  pieces,  silver  5,  2,  1  and  H  dinars  and  nickel  20,  10  and  5 
paras.  The  para  was  equal  to  1/10  dinar.  The  metric  system  of  weights  and  measures 
was  universally  employed.  The  units  of  the  Montenegrin  currency  were  the  perper,  and 
para,  equivalent  to  the  Austrian  krone  and  heller.  The  former  Austrian  provinces  used 
Austrian  currency  and  employed  the  metric  system  of  weights  and  measures. 
Language: 

The  languages  of  the  country  are  Slavish,  Serbian  and  German,  but  French  and  German 
are  customarily  used  for  commercial  correspondence. 
Shipping  Routes: 

Shipments  to  Jugo-Slavia  are  ordinarily  made  via  Fiume. 

Phelps  Line. 
Customs  Tariff:  There  is  a  temporary  tariff  combining  specific  and  ad  valorem  duties. 
Consular  Regulations:  Certificates  of  origin  are  the  only  documents  required. 
Cable  Rates:  From  New  York  or  New  England  states,  $0.34  per  word. 
Postal  Rates :  Postal  Union  rates. 
Parcels  Post: 

Service  does  not  extend  to  Jugo-Slavia,  except  to  part  of  Dalmatia. 
Money  Orders:  Not  issued. 
International  Reply  Coupons:  Not  issued. 


LIECHTENSTEIN 


A  former  independent  principality  lying  between  the  Austrian  province  of  Vorarlberg 
and  the  Swiss  cantons  of  Saint  Gall  and  Graubiinden.  The  state  has  an  area  of  65  square 
miles  and  a  population  of  10,716.  The  capital  and  seat  of  government  is  Vaduz  with  a 
population  of  1,376.  The  chief  products  of  the  country  are  com,  wine,  fruit,  and  timber, 
and  among  the  chief  industries  is  the  raising  of  live  stock.  The  manufacture  of  textiles 
is  carried  on.    The  language  of  the  country  is  German. 


LUXEMBURG 


An  independent  state  bounded  by  Belgium,  France,  and  Germany.  Area  990  square 
miles;  population,  259,891.  Principal  town  and  capital,  Luxemburg,  with  a  population  of 
20,848.  Economically  the  Grand  Duchy  of  Luxembui^  owes  its  importance  to  its  produc- 
tive iron  deposits  in  the  extreme  south.  Production  of  steel  in  1916,  935,716  tons  (980,384 
in  1915);  of  iron,  1,580,530  tons  (1,590,774  tons  in  1915). 

The  United  States  statistics  of  foreign  trade  have  heretofore  included  trade  with 
Luxemburg  in  trade  with  Germany  for  the  reason  that  the  Grand  Duchy  formed  a  part  of 
the  German  Customs  Union  until,  by  the  Treaty  of  Peace  with  Germany,  it  became  wholly 
independent.  No  statistics  of  the  trade  of  Luxemburg  are  available.  Economically  and 
commercially  Luxemburg  is  closely  allied  to  Belgium. 

There  are  326  miles  of  railway,  356  telegraph  offices,  107  telephone  exchanges  and  139 
post  offices.     The  language  of  the  country  is  French. 


I 


320 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


THE  NETHERLANDS 


321 


MALTA 

r.fr^*n^^^'  ""  *^/  Mediterranean  fifty-six  mUes  south  of  Sicily,  and  a  crown  cnlnn 

Commerce 
impo^,*^42.78t  ""^^  *°  ***'*"'  "^^  '""^  ^""^'  <"^«-*''  ^-^  »919,  $621,676; 


1913-14 


1914-15 


1915-16 


1916-17 


Imports  (1), 
Exports  (1), 


1917-18  (2) 


$12,583,861 
5.610,204 


$13,560,906 
3,342,946 


$16,777,055 
2,738,697 


$16,225,071 
2,872.760 


$13,969,681 
2,965.630 


Note:     (1)  Including  bullion  and  specie.     (2)  Excluding  buUion.  • 

Iniports  and  exports  during  five  years* 
$220^?Tir^«?S?'7.i^l^!J-  ^.'\*'  «2,187,121;  flour  and  semola,  $880,782;  buUocks 

Of  the  total  importe  in  1916-17,  $8,701,582  was  from  the  United  Kinedom-  «2  07S  W 
from  Bntish  possessions;  and  $5,445,123  from  foreign  countries         ''"'8^'""'  »2.078,364 

™,       ...        ,  Production  and  Industry 

TherTwere  "m?  rt'fSo'?  ''™°'^'  ''"Jr-  .""^darines,  potatoes,  onions  and  com. 
of  3  7  aT^« 'nir  ilwf^  '^  ^""^  under  cultivation,  divided  into  about  12,000  holdings 
..t    ?k      ^I  ho Wmg,  on  leases  ranging  from  four  to  eight  years.     Cotton  is  ^wn  on  817 

Sl^d^a2l"SfiV.'J-'f^  •f.r^','fd^uP°""'^«=  «^«  «»»*  eons^ted  of  T^hor^ 

^ll^'o?b"y  2%''p^^n:'i^1?9\'o';r  ''""' '"''  '^''^  «°^*'-  ^''<'  «"^«  ""'-'^ 
Railways  and  Telephones: 

Mn«I?^  «  are  eight  miles  of  raflway  and  785  miles  of  telephone  wire. 

Money:  Bntish  corns  are  legal  tender. 

Language: 

Tariff: 

wheaT^mLr  ^P^*^^;^.  ^"^P«^*  ^^ti^f  on  beer,  spirits,  spirit  varnishes,  wine,  tobacco,  sugar, 

^troLTr^f^f     '  r  T^^  ""f  '^""P'  ^^^^  ^^^  "^"^^«'  ^^^  *^d  fmzen  meat,  oil 
petroleum,  potatoes,  biscmts,  and  vinegar.    Ad  valorem  duties  of  5  per  cent,  on  certain 

other  importe,  axtd  of  10  per  cent,  on  luxuries,  have  been  levied  since  January  22  and 
December  22,  1917,  respectively.  ^ 


MONACO 

nn  f  wT7!u  '"'^^V^^^t^^^e^^^  principaUty  on  the  Mediteranean,  surrounded,  excepting 
on  the  side  of  the  sea,  by  the  French  Department  of  Alpes  Maritimes.  The  area  is  8  square 
mJes,  and  the  population  1913,  23,956.  Principal  town  and  chief  source  of  revenue  in  the 
fTr!lT<.  o/k  r^  ^"^^V^"  population  being  9,627,  which  is  famous  a^  a  resort  for 
tounsts  Other  ^^^^  are  Monaco,  with  a  population  of  2,247,  and  La  Condamine,  with 
a  population  of  11,082.  There  are  no  statistics  of  trade.  Coal  and  wine  are  imp;,rted. 
?hJur^t'  °''^^?  citroi^  are  exported.    The  industry  of  the  principaUty  center  in 

the  up-keep  of  the  resort  of  Monte  Carlo.  f        f      j 


THE  NETHERLANDS 

(See  Map,  Page  229) 

The  total  area  of  the  Netherlands  is  slightly  smaller  than  that  of  the  combined  states 
of  Connecticut  and  Massachusetts.  The  largest  city  of  the  Netherlands  is  Amsterdam, 
which  is  about  the  size  as  Cincmnati,  Ohio.  The  other  principal  cities  are  Rotterdam, 
which  is  the  chief  seaport,  and  The  Hague,  the  latter  being  the  capital  of  the  country. 

Agriculture  and  dairy  farming  are  the  two  most  important  industries  of  Holland,  and 
are  most  extensively  carried  on  in  the  provinces  of  Zealand  and  Groningen.  Oats,  barley, 
wheat,  rye,  buckwheat,  potatoes,  flax  and  beet  root,  together  with  tobacco,  hemp  and 
hops,  are  the  chief  agricultural  products.  Horticulture  and  truck  gardening  are  especially 
important.  The  raising  of  livestock,  especially  in  the  provinces  of  Friesland,  Utrecht  and 
North  and  South  Holland,  is  extensively  carried  on,  and  the  output  of  dairy  products  is 
one  of  the  most  important  of  Holland's  industrial  enterprises.  Of  manufacturing  industries, 
the  cotton  textile  and  jute  mills  of  the  Twente  district  of  Overyssel,  the  woolen  goods 
mills  of  Tilburg,  Leiden  and  Utrecht,  and  the  manufacture  of  gin,  spirits,  earthenware, 
pipes,  candles,  cocoa,  and  cigars  are  important.  Amsterdam  has  long  been  the  world's 
market  for  diamonds,  and  until  the  war,  was  the  principal  tobacco  market  of  the  world. 

Holland  is  penetrated  by  a  network  of  canals,  which  are  among  its  most  important 
means  of  transportation.  It  is  likewise  traversed  by  a  complete  system  of  railways,  includ- 
ing an  important  series  of  steam  tramways  or  light  railways.  Three  railways  run  from 
Holland  into  Germany  and  others  nm  into  Belgium  connecting  Rotterdam  and  Amsterdam 
with  the  principal  cities  of  Europe,  and  making  the  former  city  one  of  the  most  important 
of  continental  European  ports.  A  most  important  means  of  transportation  are  the  steamer 
services  which  operate  between  the  Hook  of  Holland  and  England  and  between  Flushing 
and  England. 

The  Netherlands  is  practically  a  free  trade  country,  and  hence  an  excellent  market  for 
manufactured  goods. 

The  per  capita  imports  of  the  Netherlands  amounted  to  $64.55  in  1917.  The  per 
capita  exports  of  the  Netherlands  amounted  to  $51.14  in  the  same  year.  In  1917  the 
United  States  supplied  18.35  per  tent  of  the  imports,  and  took  4.41  per  cent  of  the  exports 
of  the  Netherlands. 


Area  and  Population. 

Area 
square  miles 

Population 

Provinces 

Dec.  31,  1914 

Dec.  31,  1916 

North  Brabant             

1.920 
1,939 
1.131 
1.066 

707 

525 
1.243 
1,295 

881 
1,028 

847 

670,030 
681,824 
1.537,419 
1,202,652 
239,676 
307,547 
372,625 
410.826 
345.649 
188,775 
382,682 

6,339,705 

699,838 

Guelders                 

707.898 

South  Holland 

1,599.164 

North  Holland   

1.244.499 

Zealand 

243.698 

Utrecht                  

320.913 

Friesland       

380.526 

Overyssel     

426.010 

Groningen 

355.154 

Drenthe 

196.505 

Limburg 

409.022 

Total    

12,582 

6,583,227 

[ 


I 


I 


I 


322 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Population  of  principal  cities  and  towns  on  December  31,  1916: 


Amaterdam 628,404 

Rotterdam 487,077 

The  Hague 334,081 

Utrecht 133,344 

Gronia«en 86,287 

Haarlem 73,307 

Arnhem 68,624 

Leiden 60,266 

Nimeguen 64,699 

Tilburg ^8,139 


Dordrecht 51,684 

Maestricht 39,851 

Leeuwarde 40,875 

Apeldoorn 42,684 

Hertogenboech's 37,266 

Eiwchede 40,892 

Delft 36,680 

Zwoile 34,649 

Schiedam 37,613 

Hilversum 35,260 


Emmen 35.517 

Deventer 31.302 

Helder 30,264 

Breda 28,409 

Zaandan 27,591 

Gouda 26.162 

Amersfoort 26,276 

Flushing 21.679 

Alkmaar 22.687 

Hengelo 24.586 


Commerce 

The  statistics  of  the  Netherlands  in  some  cases  give  the  real,  and  in  some  cases  the 
oflBcial,  value  of  goods.  The  official  values  have  been  unchanged  since  1847.  As  the 
Netherlands  is  a  free  trading  country,  the  declared  values  of  goods  subject  to  ad  valorem 
duty  is  the  only  value  checked.    Hence  the  statistics  are  in  no  sense  more  than  approximate. 

Value  of  the  total  foreign  trade  of  the  United  States  with  the  Netherlands  for  eleven 
years. 


Year 

ended 

June 

30 


ExpoRra 


Domestic 


Foreign 


Total 


Imports 


Free 


Dutiable 


Total 


Per 

cent 
free 


Excess  of 
exports  (♦) 

or 
imports  (-) 


1909. 

1910. 

1911. 

1912. 

1913. 

1914.. 

1915., 

1916.. 

1917.. 

1918.. 

1919.. 


$94,309,281 

84,393,539 

95,311.728 

103,071,880 

126.248,305 

111,159,507 

140,470,616 

96,792,906 

107,206,307 

6,282,171 


$703,085 

561,339 

792,041 

630,979 

661,557 

1,056,166 

2,796,403 

1,683,422 

1.875,861 

99,793 


$95,012,366 

84,944,878 

96,103.769 

103.702.859 

125.909,862 

112.215.673 

143.267.019 

97.476,328 

109.082.168 

6.381.964 

103.801,757 


$5,532,060 

7.294.392 

8,642,089 

10,663,300 

11,753,094 

12,401,038 

8,841,832 

7.696,678 

5,766,363 

1,500.973 


$20,564,276 
24,419,374 
24,284.403 
24,905.136 
26.427.873 
23,892,972 
23,677,058 
30,837,831 
26,085,781 
14,895,660 


$26,086,336 
31,713.766 
32.926.492 
35.668.436 
38.180.967 
36.294.010 
32.618.890 
38.534.409 
31.852,144 
16,396.633 
30,652,531 


21.21 
23.00 
26.24 
29.98 
20.78 
34.17 
27.19 
19.97 
18.08 
9.15 


♦$68,926,030 
♦53.231,112 
♦63.177.277 
♦68.134.423 
♦87.728,895 
♦75.921.663 

♦110.748,129 
♦58,941.919 
♦77,240.024 
-10,014,699 
♦73,149,226 


Estimated  value  of  foreign  trade  for  7  years. 


Year 


Imports 


Exports 


Transit  Trade 


1912. 
1913. 
1914. 
1915. 
1917. 
1918. 
1919. 


$1,472,426,000 
1,575,036,000 
1,161,378,000 
848,622,000 
435,000,200 
250,452,160 
738,?  22. 000 


$1,261,426,000 
1,239,366.000 
1.007.010.000 
703.098.000 
336,67'i.:i00 
102.4 17. 13S 
3^1, 348. 000 


14.706.000.000  kg. 
16,622,000.000 
10,677,000.000 
6.549.000,000 


Value  of  trade  with  principal  countries  of  origin  and  destination  in  1914  and  1915, 
in  United  States  currency. 


Countries 

Imports 

Countries 

Exports 

1914 

1915 

1914 

1916 

From  Prussia 

Great  Britain 

Belgium 

$352,031,400 

141,172,600 

98,861.800 

158,790,000 

75,656,400 

20,881,400 
35,938,800 
11,014.800 
18.934.200 
28.140.000 

$244,416,000 

159.232,200 

25,286.800 

152,438,400 

40.200 

133,062,000 

2,653,200 

6,110.400 

40.200 

3.457.200 

To  Prussia 

Great  Britain 

B«lgiun> . 

$419,085,000 

242.084,400 

88,239.000 

66.928.000 

67.566.400 

13.647,400 

9.286,200 

7,999,800 

8.723.400 

19.296.000 

$287,188,800 

188.537.000 

46,787.800 

63,023,800 

241.200 

47,154.600 

3.457,200 

Dutch  East  Indies 

Russia 

United   States   of 

America 

British  India 

United   States   of 

America 

Dutch  East  Indies 

Hamburg 

France 

France 

Italy 

24.843.600 

Hamburg 

Russia 

Spain 

Bremen 

'  'i.929.666_ 

THE  NETHERLANDS 


323 


Value  of  principal  articles  of  import  during  the  calendar  year  1917: 


Principal  Imports 


Value 


Total 
Imports, 


Principal  Imports 


Value 


Total 
Imports, 


Gold  coin 

Gold  bullion,  leaf,  and  waste 

Wheat 

Coal 

Com 

Norwegian  lumber: 

Sawed 

Round  or  square,  sawed  or 

hewn 

Cotton    yarn,    untwined    and 

undyed 

Sumatra  leaf  tobacco 

Java  leaf  tobacco 

Palm-kernel  oil 

Cement 

Tools  and  instruments 

Copra 

Linseed  cake  and  meal 


Per  Cent 

$37,712,000 

8.67 

7,239,000 

1.66 

29,115,000 

6.69 

28,205,000 

6.48 

14,605.000 

3.36 

13.979.000 

3.21 

6.051.000 

1.16 

12.325.000 

2.83 

11.707.000 

2.69 

8,899.000 

2.06 

7,168,000 

1.65 

7,016,000 

1.61 

6,560,000 

1.51 

6,508,000 

1.50 

6.083.000 

1.17 

Chile  saltpeter,  crude 

North  American  cotton  raw . 
Wool,  unwashed  and  rough 

washed 

Java  coffee,  unroasted 

Coke 

Cacao  beans 

Barley. 

Rapeseed  oil 

Petroleum 

Oats 

Cottonseed  oil 

Iron  and  steel: 

Beams,  rods,  bands,  etc., 
profiled 

Plates 

Drawn  bars  and  rods 

others,  n.  e 


$5,040,000 
4,665,000 

4.281,000 
4.198.000 
4.129.000 
3.559.000 
3.646.000 
3.472.000 
3.273.000 
3.101.000 
2.920.000 


2.884.000 
4.767.000 
4.100.000 
4.590,000 


Per  Cent 
1.16 
1.07 

.98 
.96 
.95 
.82 
.82 
.80 
.75 
.71 
.67 


.66 
1.10 

.94 
1.06 


Value  of  principal  articles  of  export  during  the  calendar  year  1917: 


Principal  Exports 


Value 


Total 
Exports 


Principal  Exports 


Value 


Total 
Exports 


Margarine  and  artificial  butter 

Cheese 

Butter 

Condensed  milk,  sweetened. . . 

Dried  vegetables 

Fresh  eggs 

Diamonds,  cut  and  uncut,  not 

set 

Sumatra  leaf  tobacco 

Salt  pork  and  bacon 

Java  leaf  tobacco .  ._ 

Flax,  retted  and  swingled .... 

Pickled  vegetables 

Gold  coin 

Metal-filament  electric  lamps . 
Fresh  sea  fish,  n.  e.  s 


Per  Cent 

$33,626,000 

9.99 

27,705,000 

8.23 

21,673,000 

6.44 

13,434,000 

3.99 

11,608,000 

3.45 

11,189,000 

3.32 

9,939,000 

2.95 

9,701,000 

2.88 

7,759,000 

2.30 

7,505,000 

2.23 

7,424,000 

2.21 

6,114,000 

1.82 

5.940.000 

1.76 

5.054.000 

1.50 

4.557.000 

1.35 

Bleached  cotton  goods 

Onions  and  shallots 

Cigars 

Potatoes 

Flower  bulbs 

Horses,  less  than  3  years  old. 
Seed-leaf  tobacco,  in  the  leaf. 

American  leaf  tobacco 

Fresh  vegetables,  n 

Sauerkraut 

Fowls,  slaughtered . 

Colored  cottons 

Greek  leaf  tobacco . 

Strawboard  paper. , 

Quinine  sulphate  and  other 

alkaloids  of  quinia 


e.  s. 


$4,369,000 
4,194,000 
3,938,000 
3,930,000 
3,183,000 
3,030,000 
2,933,000 
2,901,000 
2,780,000 
2,724,000 
2,517,000 
2,506,000 
2,502,000 
2,405,000 

2,367,000 


Per  Cent 

1.30 

1.25 

1.17 

1.17 
.95 
.90 
.87 
.86 
.83 
.81 
.75 
.74 
.72 
.71 

.70 


Production  and  Industry 

The  total  area  of  the  Netherlands,  is  divided  as  follows:  Uncultivated  land,  1,080,550 
acres;  cultivated  land,  arable  2,158,053  acres;  pasture,  3,093,326;  gardens  and  orchards, 
210,^;  forests,  435,686  acres.  The  land  is  divided  into  large  estates  in  the  provinces  of 
Zealand,  North  Holland,  South  Holland  and  Groningen,  and  small  estates  in  Limburg, 
Over3rssel,  North  Brabant  and  Guelders. 

Area  under  principal  crops  during  5  years,  in  acres: 


Crops 


1914 


1915 


1916 


1917 


1918 


Wheat 

Rye 

Barley 

Oats 

Sugar  beets. 
Potatoes ... 
Fodder  roots 


148,985 
562,356 

66.633 
348,066 
156.188 
423.642 

67.114 


163.751 
546.077 

63.232 
368.232 
139.687 
437.373 

61.244 


134,939 
493.642 

69.781 
343.286 
159.746 
424,427 

64.917 


121.862 
667,176 

61.369 
382,704 
112.991 
429,630 

86,175 


143.937 
428,261 

57,712 
370.181 

91,668 
405,110 

83.772 


324 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


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THE  NETHERLANDS 


325 


Produce  of  the  principal  crops  during  five  years  (ofiicial  figures  except  for  1918-1919 
which  are  estimated)  expressed  in  tons: 


Crops 


1914-15 


1915-16 


1916-17 


1917-18 


1918-19 


Wheat 

Rye 

Barley 

Oats 

Sugar  beeta. 
Potatoes . .  .  , 
Fodder  roots 


168,015 

375,969 
70,227 

345,353 
2,193.600 
3,277,310 

801.211 


206,112 

449.783 
78,618 

368,963 
1.885,434 
3,439,084 

786.816 


139,142 

325,018 

55.322 

319.625 

1.888,521 

2,852,930 

766,120 


114,819 

370,107 

50,196 

318.439 

1.604,089 

3.364,098 

1,210,044 


127.606 

327,771 

60.627 

363,248 

1.186.546 

4.041,255 

1.119,228 


Fisheries: 

In  1916  there  were  6,151  vessels  engaged  in  the  fisheries.    The  value  of  the  North  Sea 
herring  catch  was  $1,867,815. 

Mines  and  Manufactures: 

Coal  is  mined  in  Limburg  from  mines  principally  owned  by  the  state     In  1916  the 
product  amounted  to  2,914,252  tons  valued  at  $18,332,400. 

There  are  no  oflScial  statistics  of  all  manufacturing  industries.  There  are,  however 
413  breweries,  384  distilleries,  9  sugar  refineries,  30  beet  sugar  refineries,  60  vinegar  manu- 
factories and  31  salt  works.  There  were  (1913-14)  a  total  of  9,432  corporate  enterprises 
established  in  the  Netherlands  with  a  total  capital  of  2,138,089,000  guilders  ($79  511  778) 
The  textile  industry  comprises  (1918),  68  cotton  mills,  73  woolon  mills,  57  linen  and  damask 
mills  and  2  silk  manufactories.  Of  the  68  cotton  mills,  23  had  an  employed  personnel  of 
9,839,  and  used  20,377  horsepower.  Of  the  73  woolen  mills,  13  employed  2,145  petsons 
and  used  3,260  horsepower.  Of  the  57  linen  and  damask  manufactories,  11  employed 
1,263  persons  and  consumed  1,507  horsepower. 

In  1912  there  were  602  textile  manufacturing  establishments  of  all  kinds  employing 
54,594  persons.  Of  these  factories  205  had  an  average  personnel  of  16.2;  115  an  average 
of  36.8;  103  an  average  of  215.5;  82  an  average  of  72.4-14  an  average  of  648  and  7  an  average 
of  1  348.  The  number  of  employees  had  dropped  by  May  1, 1918,  to  37,  279  in  consequence 
of  slack  conditions  due  to  lack  of  fuel  and  raw  materials.  Of  these,  20,289  were  adult  males 
9,324  adult  females,  3,404  males  under  17,  and  4.262  females  under  17.  ' 

The  Dutch  textile  industry  centers  in  the  district  known  as  the  Twente  (south  and 
east  Overyssel),  the  eastern  part  of  Gelderland,  and  the  northern  and  eastern  portions  of 
North  Brabant.  The  city  of  Enschede  and  the  neighboring  village  of  Tonneker  is  the 
center  of  the  cotton  spinning  and  weaving  industry,  having  23  out  of  66  plants.  Tilburg 
in  North  Brabant,  is  the  center  of  the  wool  industry,  having  42  out  of  73  nulls.  Eindhoven 
has  1 1  out  of  57  linen  and  damask  mills. 

Details  of  the  manufacturing  industries  operating  under  the  labor  insurance  law: 


No.  of 
Factories 


Faience  glass,  stone,  etc 

Diamond  and  other  precious  stones 

Printing  and  engraving 

Building  industries 

Chemical  industries 

Wood  and  straw 

Clothing  and  dry  cleaning 

Art  industries 

Leather,  rubber,  etc 

Mines,  coal,  peat 

Metals 

Machines,  instruments 

Construction,  boats  and  wagons. . . 

Paper 

Textile  industries 

Gae  works  and  electrical  plants 

Manufacture  of  food  products 

Total 


No.  of 
Employees 


37,110 

8,600 

16,727 

4.459 

11.591 

25.651 

30.924 

430 

8.526 

982 


78.567 

'  9.474 

54.594 

6,322 

84,486 

378.443 


326 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Railways:  Four  principal  companies  have  lines  with  a  total  length  of  2,385  miles.     The 
gauge  is  1.50  meters  or  4  feet  11  inches. 

Canals  and  Roads:  There  are  about  2,000  miles  of  canals  and  about  3,000  miles  of  road 
Telegraph  and  Telephone:  There  are  adequate  systems  of  both  telegraph  and  telephone 
State  telegraph  offices  number  (1916)  1,225.   The  state  owned  interurban  telephone 
system  had  (1916)  2,258  miles  of  line,  and  carried  10,690,339  interurban  and  37.642  inter- 
national calls. 

Money:  The  Netherlands  adopted  the  gold  standard  in  1875.  The  unit  of  currency  is  the 
guilder  or  florin  of  100  cents,  having  a  par  value  of  $0,402  United  States  currency. 
Gold  pieces  of  10  and  5  guilders  are  coined.   Other  coins  are  the  rijksdaalder  of  2^  guilders 
the  H  guilder,  H  guilder  (kwartje)  and  1-10  guUder  (dubbeltje).    There  are  nickel  5  cent 
and  bronze  2>^,  1,  and  ^  cent  pieces. 

Weights  and  Measures:  The  metric  system  prevails. 

Language:  Although  Duteh  is  the  language  of  the  country,  commercial  correspondence  is 
carried  on  m  English. 

Local  Advertising  Media: 

There  are  four  exceUent  dafly  newspapers,  one  in  Rotterdam  and  three  in  Amsterdam. 
The  class  and  trade  pubUcations  are  not  highly  developed.  Posters  and  electric  display 
signs,  as  well  as  railway  stations  and  tram  cars  are  extensively  employed  as  media. 

Shipping  Routes:   Holland  America  Line;  Red  Star  Line;  Royal   Duteh  West  India 
Mail  Line. 

Customs  Tariff:  The  Netherlands  is  practicaUy  a  free  trade  country.    A  few  duties  are 
assessed  on  certain  articles  averaging  from  3  to  5  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

Consular  regulations :  No  documents  are  required,  and  there  are  no  restrictions  as  to  marks, 
weighte,  ete.  ' 

Cable  rates:  Twenty-five  cente  per  word  from  New  York  and  New  England. 

Postal  rates:  Postal  Union  rates. 

MaU  time:  About  9  days  to  Rotterdam. 

Parcel  Post:  Service  extends  to  the  Netherlands.    Limit  of  weight,  11  pounds. 

International  reply  coupons:  Issued. 

Money  orders:  Issued. 


NORWAY 


327 


NORWAY 

(See  Map.  Page  243) 


Norway,  which  occupies  the  western  portion  of  the  Scandinavian  peninsula,  has  an 
area  approximately  equivalent  to  that  of  the  combined  states  of  New  York,  New  Jersey, 
Pennsylvania  and  Maryland.  The  capital  and  principal  city,  Christiania,  is  about  the 
same  size  as  Providence,  R.  L 

The  principal  industries  of  Norway  are  fisheries,  lumbering  and  shipping.  Agriculture 
owing  to  the  unfavorable  character  of  a  large  portion  of  the  land,  is  not  highly  developed. 
The  cod  fisheries  on  the  Lofanten  Islands  are  of  great  importance  as  are  the  herring  fisheries 
off  Stevanger  and  Haugesund.  Mackerel,  sabnon,  and  sea  trout  are  likewise  caught.  The 
most  important  manufacturing  industries  are  the  lumber  mills,  wood  pulp,  and  other 
timber  product  factories,  textile  nulls,  foundries,  paper  mills,  flour  mills,  fish  canneries  and 
ship-building  yards.  A  great  deal  of  Norwegian  capital  is  invested  in  shipping,  and  although 
Norway  is  not  an  exporter  of  manufactured  products,  it  has  the  highest  per  capita  tonnage— 
.667 — of  any  nation  in  the  world. 

The  railway  mileage  of  Norway  is  most  extensive  in  the  southeastern  portion  of  the 
country,  but  an  important  line  runs  north  to  Trondhjem  and  east  from  the  coast  connecting 
with  the  Swedish  line.    Four  lines  in  all  cross  the  frontier  into  Sweden. 

The  per  capita  importe  of  Norway  in  1916  amounted  to  $137.83.  The  per  capita 
exporte  in  the  same  year  amounted  to  $99.32. 

Area  and  Population 


DiBtriets 


Kristi&nia  (town), 

Akerehufl 

Olsfold 

Hedmark 

Orland 

Huskerud 

Vestfold.... '..... 

Telemark 

Auat-Agder 

Vest-Aider 

Ryfylke 

Hoid  aland 

Bergen  (town> . . . 
Sogn  OK  Fjordane 

More 

Sor-Trondelag 

Nerd  Trondelag. . 

Nordland 

Troma 

Finmark  a 

Total 


Area 
Sq.  MUes 


Estimated 
Population 
Jan.  1,  1918 


Population 
Dec.  1,  1910 


6 

2,020 

1.599 

10.607 

9.756 

5.719 

895 

5.863 

3.608 

2.804 

3.530 

6.024 

5 

7,133 

6.786 

7,184 

8.683 

14,917 

10,131 

18,366 

124.642 


259.445 

163.054 

159.289 

146.831 

127,675 

134.383 

121,723 

124.740 

79,825 

87.184 

168.792 

157.000 

90.733 

91.080 

158,876 

167,522 

88,773 

172,700 

89,608 

44.777 

2,632,010 


241,834 

128,042 

152.306 

134,555 

119.236 

123.643 

109,076 

108.084 

76.456 

82,067 

141.040 

146.006 

76.867 

90.040 

144.622 

148.306 

84.948 

164,687 

81,902 

38,065 

2,391,782 


1 


328 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Population  of  principal  towns  (estimate  1918) 


Kri8tiania  (Christiania)..  259,445 

g«»-8en-. 90.733 

Trondhjem 53,722 

Stavanger 46.100 


Drammen 26  108 

Haugesund 18000 

Kristiansand 17*280 


S*'®"--: 16.586 

Aalwsund 16,500 

iredrikstad 16,674 


Commerce 


Value  of  the  total  foreign  trade  of  the  United  States  with  Norway  for  eleven  years. 


Year 

ended 

June 

30 


Exports 


Domestic 


Foreign 


Total 


Imports 


Free 


Dutiable 


1909 
1910 
1911 
1912 
1913 
1914 
1915 
1916 
1917 
1918 
1919 


$5,798,765 

6,940,785 

7,350,372 

8,323.961 

8,363,208 

9,063,646 

38.425,938 

52,204,195 

81,337.804 

24,576,663 


$7,348 

8.545 

6,033 

7,762 

28,250 

2,964 

648.763 

1,441.100 

663,832 

639.579 


$5,806,113 

5.949,330 

7,356,405 

8,331.723 

8.391.458 

9,066,610 

39.074.701 

53,645,295 

82,001,636 

25.216,242 

101.641.460 


ToUl 


$624,052 
1.088.929 
1.133,932 
1.712,150 
780,327 
5,912.923 
7.476.801 
5.257.704 
4,756.603 
2.168,782 


Per 
cent 
free 


Excess  of 
exports  (♦) 

or 
imports  (-) 


$4,019,557 
5,463,056 
6.875.558 
6,539,568 
7,638,032 
3,284,342 
3,192,063 
1.594,010 
2.351,708 
1.066.238 


$4,643,609 
6.651.985 
8.009.490 
8.251.718 
8,418,359 
9,197,265 

10.668,864 
6.851.714 
7.108,311 
3.235,020 
3,219,245 


13.44 
16.62 
14.16 
20.75 
9.27 
64.29 
70.08 
76.74 
66.92 
67.05 


♦$1,162,504 

-602,655 

-653,085 

*80.005 

-26,901 

-130,655 

♦28.405,837 

♦46,793,581 

♦74.893,325 

♦21.981,222 

♦98.422,460 


Value  of  foreign  trade  during  5  years,  in  U.  S.  currency: 


1912 


1913 


1914 


Imports  (foreign) 

Exports  (Norwegian) 
Exports  (foreign) 


$140,897,033 

87.398,8.56 
2.961,400 


1916 


1916 


$148.a52,204 

102.084,442 

3,1.35.814 


$152,030,155 
105.696.520 
121.689.268 


$232,615,370 

177,147.035 

4.224,591 


$362,782,193 

262.427,460 

3.450.607 


for  Jltru.l^:™;:"'^  "^'  •""'  '"^-^  °'  ^'°™««*-  <^'>^  ^y  con>.>odities, 


Classes  of  Goods 


Imports 


Exports 


Animals,  living 

Animal  produce 

(malty  food) 

BreadstufFs 

Groceries 

Fruits,  plants,  etc 

Spirits,  etc 

Yarn.  rope,  etc 

Textile        manufactures. 

etc 

Hair,  skins,  etc 

Tallow,  oils,  tar,  etc 

Timber  and  wooden  goods 

Dye  stuffs 

Different    vegetable  pro 

ducts 


Classes  of  Goods 


$53.4661 

6.838,812 

35,573.784 

20,989.974 

5,752,646 

5,326.714 

13.258,040 

27.416.480 

7.991,331 

23.982.643 

13.258.170 

2,467.688 

6,249,610 


$468,088 

87,441,664 

31,543 

64,909 

142,683 

68,785 

553,178 

355.019 

8.558.2041 

24,379,156 

48.154.668 

111.836 

68.397 


Imports 


Exports 


manu- 


Paper  and  paper 

factures 

Minerals,  unwroughit. ! . . 

Mmerals.  manufactured. 

Metals,    unwrought      or 
partly  wrought 

Metals,  manufactured . . , 

VesseljB.   carriages,     ma- 
chinery, etc 


Total 

Re-exports. 


Grand  total. 


$2,344,758 
64.744.168 
17,297,962 

23,477,684 
22,608.033 

76.245,142 

$362,782,193 


$16,601,271 

9.279.626 

31,881,280 

18.806,638 
2,246,992 

13,126,676 

$262,427,460 
3,460.607 

$266,878,067 


NORWAY 


329 


Value  of  imports  and  exports  by  countries  of  origin  and  destination  in  1916  in  U.  S. 
currency: 


Country 


Imports 


Exports 


Country 


Imports 


Exports 


Sweden • 

Denmark.  Iceland,  and 
Faeroe 

Russia  and  Finland. . . . 

Germany 

SwJtierland 

Netherlands 

Belgium 

Great  Britain  and  Ire- 
land   

France 

Portugal  and  Madeira. . 


$35,496,188 


$18,317,773 


20,306,467 

11,577,224 

1.786.729 

26.261,802 

47.894.335 

78.196,082 

1,318,292 

7,932 

12,545,080 

4.725,789 

45,479 

8,093 

100,233,688 

73,745,632 

6.257.532 

21,198.612 

2,547.500 

446,059 

Spain 

Italy 

Austria  and  Hungary . 

Greece 

Turkey  and  Roumania 

Africa 

Asia 

Australia 

America 

Not  stated 

Total 


$12,004,497 

2,492,400 

1,552,818 

8.979.393 

2.921 

738.062 

8,979.393 

26 

103,932,812 

279.041 


$362,782,193 


$2,157,035 

1,725,518 

1.636.596 

107 

"'i.'37i",8ii 

7,657,688 

3.708,959 

13,213,827 

118.482 

$264,873,244 


Production  and  Industry 

The  territory  of  Norway  is  mountainous  and  unproductive;  three  quarters  of  the  land 
is  unproductive,  about  one-fifth  is  forest,  and  about  one-thirtieth  is  under  cultivation. 
The  most  recent  census  of  property  holdings  (1907)  returned  a  total  of  246,634  farms,  of 
which  142,930  consisted  of  less  than  2  hectares  (hectare =2.47  acres);  16,590  consisted  of 
more  than  10  and  less  than  50  hectares,  371  consisted  of  more  than  50  hectares  and  20,839 
were  under  garden  cultivation. 

Acreage  and  produce  in  bushels,  of  principal  crops: 


Crops 


Acreage 


1915 


1916 


1917 


Produce 


1916 


1916 


1917 


Wheat 

Barley 

Oats 

Rye 

Mixed  Corn. 
Potatoes .  .  . 
Hay  (tons) . 


13.608 
97.213 

306,016 
48.205 
15,269 

113,454 


14.758 

101.652 

321,161 

50.308 

15,837 

119.105 


19.469 

115,646 

355,220 

57.482 

16,843 

144,947 


284,880 

2,680,014 

10,209,002 

828,852 

.556,149 

19,940,686 

2,606,816 


316,940 

3,412,158 

13,892,495 

941,886 

654,629 

31,310,389 

3,075,007 


431.151 

3,819.065 

14.580.291 

1.159,174 

655.330 

42,586,097 

2,526,356 


The  livestock  consists  of  220,900  horses,  1,053,740  head  of  cattle,  1,216,290  sheep, 
203,850  goats  and  224,800  swine. 

The  forests  and  fisheries  are  the  most  important  of  Norway's  natural  resources.  The 
forest  area  is  estimated  at  about  27,(XX)  square  miles  more  than  three  quarters  of  which  is 
under  pine.  The  total  value  of  the  product  of  the  fisheries  in  1915  was  $22,858,262.  The 
principal  products  and  values  were:  herring,  $8,984,515;  cod,  $9,564,158;  mackerel,  $999,- 
419;  salmon  and  sea  trout,  $319,378;  and  lobsters,  $196,317.  There  were  92,865  persons 
employed  in  the  cod  fishery,  20,870  in  the  herring  fishery  and  4,490  in  the  mackerel  fishery. 

Copper,  iron,  silver  and  sulphur  are  the  important  mineral  products.  The  total  value 
of  mineral  products  in  1916  was  $8,495,868.  The  principal  products  entering  into  this 
total  were  pyrites,  $3,872,600;  iron  ore,  $2,516,820;  copper  ore,  $879,040;  and  nickel  ore 
$83,080.  The  production  of  copper  smelting  in  1916  was  valued  at  $1,598,620;  nickel  as 
$974,180,  and  silver  at  $191,620.  There  were  89  mines  employing  7,345  persons  and  10 
smelting  furnaces  employing  460  persons  in  1916. 


tBMl 


fl 


1 


330 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Manufactures: 

19,6i"'*  °'™'^'  °'  '°'"^'^'  <^^^^-*'  and  of  worker,  employed  in  each  industry  in 


Industries 


Estab- 
lish- 
ments 


Workers  over 
18  years 


Male 


Workers  under 
18  years 


Female 


Mining 

Quan-ies  and  ceramic  indiwtry 

Machmery  and  metal  work       

Chemical    industry;    manufMture'  of    oaint*" "  «t 
plosives,  oil  and  soaps. .        '  "*   "'    P«»nt8.   ex 

p5S"*^*'  '°<^"8t'->'  (light  and  power)/.; ". .'  [  [  ]    [[[] 

leather  and  rubber. 

Wood.  bone,  horn,  meerschaum .' 

*ooa 

Clothing 

Printing !...... 

Miscellaneous. 

Textiles 


Total . 


89 
292 
944 

311 

211 

197 

99 

2.044 

1.652 

436 

321 

27 

263 


2.491 

2.347 

30,200 

10.446 
1.810 

12,312 
995 

21,143 

10,404 

2.188 

2,541 

683 

3.276 


6,886 


111,764 


181 

526 

1.577 

879 

107 

2,014 

174 

630 

9,631 

6.536 

1,148 

37 

6,337 


Male 


Female 


Total 


29.777 


388 

608 

4.388 

549 

51 

682 

135 

2.391 

1,805 

488 

369 

44 

718 


12,706 


220 
159 
541 

293 

2 

476 

74 

362 

2,632 

1.063 

345 


1.308 


3.280 

3,370 

36.706 

12,167 

1.970 

15,484 

1.378 

24.526 

24,472 

11.275 

4.403 

764 

11,639 


7.475 


126,962 


Money,  Weights  and  Measures: 

kronJSSX&X°l^T''  '"*'T  -"f  '^"""'^  ""^  '^^'^-    -^-^  Norwegian 
standJd  isl^W     Gold  ^Ic^o^i-r  ^  '  ""  ^^  "f '  *^-^^  United  Sutes  currency.  The 

notes  of  l.O^^  j^  ^  toZ  T^r^""'     '^"'  ^'"^  ""^  ^™"«<*-    National  bank 

.ystem  of  weight ;nd  ^e^ulL^^va^""  ""  "°"'*""^  "'  ""  "•'"  «"''^-    '''"'  ■""'- 

Language: 

corx^Sn'ce!"'  ""^^  °'  '"'""'''  ""'  ^°«'^''  ">  -""»°°'y  -P'oyed  in  commercial 
Local  Advertising  Media: 

tiaing^me^f  Ssl'^7e:[rird^f' '  ''"''"*'  "^l'  '"'"^"'"'^  ''^  "^-P""  ""^ver- 
tram  ca^  are  exte^^veiripC  astr."'"''  "  "'*"  "  ''""'  ™  ^''^^  «'«"°-  -« 

Consular  Representation: 

Gulfport  (Miss)  St  I/)>1  rLt  p T  n     v    1;  ^»'*'™<»«.  Boston,  Detroit,  St.  Paul, 
Wib^gton.  G:ifd  F^rra^elf'p^'^'  ^.'^°'  """^  "^°"'  C''^'  Niagara  Falls, 

Stavltn  T^^ndSm.'"'"'"'"'''"""'*''""''*'^  "'  ««"^"'  ^-istiania,  Christiansand, 


NORWAY 


331 


Shipping  Routes: 

Norwegian-America  Line. 
Seager  Line. 

Consular  Regulations: 

No  consular  documents  are  required,  and  there  are  no  restrictions  as  to  marks,  weights, 
etc. 

Cable  Rate:  From  New  York  and  New  England  states,  $0.35  per  word. 
Postal  Rates:  Postal  Union  rates. 
Mail  Time:  To  Christianiai  10  days. 
Parcel  Post: 

Service  extends  to  Norway.     Limit  of  weight  eleven  pounds.     Greatest  length  of 
package  3  feet  6  inches.     Greatest  length  and  girth,  combined,  6  feet. 

Money  Orders:  Issued. 

International  Reply  Coupons:  VaUd. 


332 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


POLAND 

to  i^l^^'Toll't^ilZ.T'  new  European  countries  which  owes  ite  elation 

.  about  as  c  ^Miis ;:t^r k'-p^:;:*: -^^^^^^^^^  ^^'"^  '■"•-'-  -•"«" 

PoIan1rthrc'hi^"iStrll\:::^"1"'""  °'  '^f "  ''"'  '"«  P"""P^  »<!-""-  of 
The  lumber  m^TC    '  £a  t  i^'Zt  'tL'""'  T'"*'  ^'^^'  ""'  "'"'• 


POLAND 


333 


east  touching  the  mining  district  and  the  city  of  Warsaw,  and  having  a  branch  to  the  city 
of  Lodz.  Another  important  line  connecting  Danzig  on  the  Baltic  with  Odessa  on  the 
Black  Sea  crosses  Poland  from  northwest  to  southeast;  while  a  third  line  from  Berlin  to 
Petrograd  crosses  the  northeastern  portion  of  the  country. 

Area  and  Population 

Exact  statistics  of  area  and  population  cannot  be  determined  until  the  final  adjudica- 
tion of  the  boundaries  of  Poland  by  the  Peace  Conference.  The  following  estimate  is  in 
accordance  with  the  provisions  in  so  far  as  they  can  now  be  determined: 


Area  Square 
Miles 


Population 


Congress  Poland  (former  Kingdom  of  Poland) 

West  Prussia 

East  Prussia 

Upper  Silesia 

Austrian  Silesia 

Galicia 

Poeen 

Total 


48.241 

9.710 

4,571 

4.027 

867 

30.000 

10,788 


108,204 


11.935.318 
1,703.474 

543,469 
2,207,981 

361.019 
3,557,964 
2,099,831 


22.409,052 


The  population  of  the  principal  cities:  Warsaw,  875,000;  Lodz,  415,604;  Lemberg, 
206,113;  Gdansk,  170,337;  Posen,  156,991;  Cracow,  151,886;  Bralzstik,  105,000;  Sosnowice, 
98,748;  Balute-Nowe,  96,000;  LubUn,  69,972;  Przemysl,  54,000;  Kalisz,  54,330. 

Commerce 

Since  what  is  now  the  Polish  republic  was  formerly  in  the  possession  of  three  other 
states,  and  separate  statistics  were  not  kept  for  these  districts  by  Russia,  Germany  and 
Austria,  it  is  impossibe  to  furnish  a  table  showing  the  value  of  Poland's  foreign  trade. 

The  trade  of  Congress  Poland  was  principally  with  Russia  and  Germany.  The  chief 
exports  were  cotton  and  woolen  textiles,  leather  wares,  machinery,  sugar,  spirits,  coal, 
lumber,  grain,  paper,  dyes,  rubber  wares  and  jute  cloth.  The  value  of  total  exports  in 
1912  is  estimated  at  about  $300,000,000.  The  principal  imports  were  machinery,  hardware, 
chemicals,  all  kinds  of  manufactured  goods,  coal  and  textiles.  The  value  of  total  imports 
in  1912  is  estimated  at  about  $312,000,000. 

Besides  this  export  and  import  trade.  Congress  Poland,  because  of  its  geographical 
position  at  the  gateway  to  Russia,  derived  a  large  transit  trade  between  Russia 
and  western  countries,  the  value  of  which,  in  1912,  is  estimated  at  $400,000,000,  about  two- 
thirds  being  import  trade,  and  one  third  export. 

The  principal  imports  of  Galicia  were  manufactured  products,  coal,  iron,  lead,  nitrates, 
fertilizers,  flour,  sugar,  beer,  textiles,  pharmaceutical  products,  machinery,  automobiles, 
furniture  and  drygoods.  Its  principal  exports  were  ore  and  its  by-products,  valued  in 
1912  at  approximately  $25,000,000;  lumber,  valued  in  1912  at  approximately  $10,000,000; 
swine,  valued  in  1912  at  approximately  $20,000,000;  eggs,  valued  at  $8,000,000;  salt,  at 
approximately  $2,000,000.  Galicia's  total  imports  in  1912  were  valued  at  approximately 
1200,000,000,  and  exports  at  approximately  $95,000,000. 

The  exports  of  Posen,  West  Prussia  and  Upper  Silesia  were  principally  agricultural 
and  mineral  products.  Their  imports  were  principally  machinery  and  manufactured 
articles  of  all  kinds. 


lip 


334 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Production  and  Industry 


Province 


Arable 
Land 


Pastures 

and 
Meadows 


Forests 


Gardens, 

Parks, 

etc. 


District  of  Ciesiyn  (1897) 

Grand  Duchy  of  Posnan  (m'sV. '.'." 

West  Prussia  (1913)..  ' 

East  Prussia  (1913) 

Upper  Silesia 


Ponds, 

Waste 

Lands,  etc. 


16.944,582 
9,402,709 
266,937 
4,558.110 
3,541,772 
1,500,562 
1.846,312 


4,454,348 
4,051.889 
91,231 
744,181 
732,345 
463.539 
287,567 


5,417,461 

4,982.466 

175,142 

1.423,962 

1.445,750 

641,824 

941.129 


Total 


1,173,781 
271,418 
123,895 
429,335 
593.452 
365,483 
192,800 


2,106,786 

678,546 

17,467 


The  number  of  sugar  works,  the  area 
Poland  for  1913: 


30,096,950 
19,387,030 
663,160 
7,155,590 
6.313,320 
2.971.410 
3,267.810 


under  beet,  the  yield  and  sugar  production  in 


Government 


Sugar  Works 


Ares  (Acres) 


Warsaw 

Kaliss 

Kielce 

Lomsa , 

Lublin 

Plock 

Piotrkow 

Radom. .. . 
Siedloe 

Total 


Yield  (Tons) 


18 
6 
2 
1 

13 
7 
1 
2 
1 


51 


70,673 

18.344 

7.286 

2.660 

58.193 

28,806 

923 

8,366 

6,693 

201.742 


730,003 

204,373 

66.186 

27.486 

506,032 

321.385 

8,469 

78,853 

36.849 


1.969,641 


Sugar 

Production 

1912-13    (Tonfl) 


110.668 
30.378 

8.467 

8.564 
77.537 
47,064 

1.375 
12.435 

5,263 


296,634 


"Black  Earth."  ^^  hUmus  soils,  belonging  to  the  Eastern  European 

also  soils  of  lighter  kiT^^^trt         !  T'^'T  •"  ">«  f°™«'  P™«ian  PoUnd  possess 
to  a  highly  p.SuL'^tnS;:  ""*  "'  ""  '"*^'^^*  •'•'«^''«-'  *"-  -«  b^"*" 

^on^tT-^.  part  '^LT^X^'^f-  '"'"'  '-'^'y  -  -"'^y  -<»  p- 

situated  regions,  in' a  rather  bX^s;:te^''*'"*'   "^  '^"'^'*°"  "'*''  o"""  ^»**' 

this  zi  s^i^ra^^u^grfi^r  r^Vth-r  f  "^''*-'-'  •""'-"^'^  ■■- 

growing  land  amounts  therefo.'  ^^^^r^Tnt^^f  thi  ^v^^bS-    "^^  '^'""^  '"'^ 

o.h^r:^jtxr:d^^:rsStiri        --"•  -- 

of  unfavorable  soO  conditions.       ^^^*  ^^^^^^  ^^^  ce^*-  "es  until  now  waste  on  account 
valley  of  Vistula,  here  the  fanning  lands  attain  without  pastures  fift^ight 


POLAND 


335 


per  cent,  of  the  territory,  and  with  these,  seventy  per  cent.  Further  east  the  amount  of 
waste  soils  increases  progressively  and  forms  in  the  north-eastern  section  about  20  per 
cent,,  with  thirty-two  per  cent,  of  farm-land,  sixteen  percent,  of  pastures  and  thirty-two 
per  cent,  of  forests. 

Two  types  of  land  property  predominate  in  Poland;  large  estates  of  above  KXX) 
acres,  and  smaU  properties  from  5  to  100  acres.  The  number  of  large  estates  diminishes 
progressively,  as  large  tracts  are  being  yearly  purchased  by  small  holders,  thus  increasing 
uninterruptedly  the  part  occupied  by  small  owners.  About  seven  per  cent,  of  large  estates 
go  over  every  year  into  the  hands  of  small  farmers. 

Congress  Poland  had  in  1912,  2,210,900  head  of  cattle;  1,234,600  horses;  587,600  sheep 
and  838,200  pigs.  In  Galicia  in  1910  there  were  2,505,000  head  of  cattle;  1,835,900  sheep; 
905,800  horses  and  2,58,000  pigs.  During  the  war  it  is  estimated  that  seventy  per  cent,  of 
Poland's  livestock  was  destroyed. 

The  most  important  mineral  products  are:  coal  (630,000  tons  in  1913-1915);  iron  ore 
(total  output,  309,800  tons  in  1910-1913);  zinc  and  lead  ore  (640,000  tons  in  1913);  mineral 
salt  (about  250,000  tons  a  year);  rock  oil  (1,766,000  tons  in  GaUcia,  1910);  potassium 
salts  (37,000  tons  in  Galicia  in  1911). 

The  textile  industry  is  the  most  important  of  Poland's  manufacturing  industries. 
Next  in  importance  are  the  metallurgical  establishments,  blast  furnaces,  and  chemical 
plants.  In  1910  the  country  had  10,953  industrial  estabUshments  employing  400,422 
workmen,  with  a  total  production  valued  at  $446,925,600.  Lodz  is  the  center  of  the  textile 
trade,  but  Warsaw  is  first  in  point  of  the  number  and  variety  of  industries  located  there. 
In  1912  there  were  in  Lodz  and  Warsaw  1,166  textile  factories  with  1,500,000  cotton  spindles, 
925,000  wool  spindles,  35,000  cotton  looms  and  24,000  wool  looms. 

In  1912  there  were  in  Congress  Poland  30  metallurgical  factories  employing  16,000 
men  which  produced  418,000  tons  of  pig  iron  and  630,000  tons  of  iron  and  steel,  the  value 
of  the  output  exceeding  $15,000,000.  In  the  same  year  there  were  in  Congress  Poland 
1,510  factories  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  iron  and  steel  products,  machines,  boilers, 
sheet  iron,  etc.,  with  an  estimated  annual  output  valued  at  $60,000,000.  In  upper  Silesia 
there  were  in  1912,  46  metallurgical  factories  which  produced  about  1,000,000  tons  of  pig 
iron  and  1,500,000  tons  of  iron  and  steel.  The  total  value  of  the  output  of  the  entire  metal 
industry  of  Upper  Silesia  exceeded  $100,000,000  annually. 

In  the  oil  zone  in  Eastern  GaUcia  there  is  a  highly  developed  refining  industry.  In 
1912, 900,000  tons  of  petrol  were  refined,  and  there  were  produced  350,000  tons  of  petroleum 
for  illuminating  purposes,  70,000  tons  of  gasoline  and  50,000  tons  of  paraflSne.  The  lumber 
industry  is  important  in  Upper  Silesia,  the  former  Russian  Poland,  and  in  Galicia,  where 
there  are  large  saw  mills,  the  product  of  which  was  formerly  exported  to  Germany  and 
Austria;  about  50,000  tons  of  paper  were  produced  annually.  The  principal  chemical 
product  of  Poland  is  agricultural  fertiUzer,  although  some  general  chemical  works  had 
begun  operation  in  what  was  Prussian  Poland  before  the  war. 
Railways: 

The  length  of  the  railways  in  Congress  Poland  is  1,861,  with  99  miles  of  narrow- 
gauge  road.    Galicia  has  2,554  miles  of  railway,  and  west  Prussia  and  Posen,  2,880  miles. 
Telegraphs,  Telephones,  Post  Offices: 

(Statistics  are  for  Galicia  only,  1910.)  The  length  of  telegraph  lines  in  1910  was 
5,025  miles,  with  25,922  miles  of  wires.  There  were  822  telegraph  offices.  1,900,873 
private  telegrams  were  despatched.  There  were  82  local  telephone  systems,  with  7,745 
miles  of  local  wires  and  3,782  miles  of  inter-town  wires.     Post  offices  numbered  1,451. 


336 


■ 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OP  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Language : 

Money: 

f«0  lis  nT  ""'"''*'^  "°JV"  '^  '^  ">"  8°'''  ^'°'y  '^'>''='>  '^"  have  the  value  of  a  franc 

Weights  and  Measures: 

Commercial  European  Line. 
Polish-American  Navigation  Corporation. 
Customs  Tariff: 

and  .3  98  tU  '"'''"'"'  ""'  ''*™''°  *"'^«-    'f''«  ^-'^  »,.  all  specific. 

Consular  Regulations: 

Consular  Representation: 

A  Polish  consular  official  is  stationed  in  Kew  Ynrlr  nn,^  fK^  tt  •*  j  o.  x     . 
sular  official  in  Warsaw.  '  ^^®  ^'"^  ^^^  *^  *  con- 

Cable  Rates:  From  New  York  and  New  England  States,  $0.43  per  word 

Postal  Rates:  Postal  Union  rates. 

Mail  Time:  Eleven  days. 

Parcels  Post:  Service  does  not  extend  to  Poland. 

Money  Orders:  Issued. 

International  Reply  Coupons:  Not  issued. 


PORTUGAL 


337 


I 


PORTUGAL 

A  republic  in  southwestern  Europe  bounded  by  Spain  and  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  The 
capital  and  principal  city,  Lisbon,  is  a  little  larger  than  Milwaukee;  next  in  commercial 
importance  is  Oporto,  which  is  about  as  large  as  Omaha.  The  area  of  Portugal  is  a  Uttle 
larger  than  that  of  the  state  of  Maine. 

The  principal  industries  of  Portugal  are  agriculture,  fruit  raising  and  mining.  The 
most  important  agricultural  crops  are  wheat,  rye,  oats,  barley  and  beans.  There  are 
large  ohve  groves  and  the  manufacture  of  oUve  oil  is  an  important  industry.  Grapes 
are  extensively  cultivated  and  the  wine  production  of  the  country  is  very  large.  The 
industry  centers  in  Oporto.  The  most  important  mineral  product  is  copper,  which  is 
mined  in  the  southern  portion  of  the  country.  Iron,  tin,  and  lead  are  Ukewise  produced. 
Fisheries  are  important  and  sardines  and  tunny  fish  are  largely  exported.  Of  the  manu- 
facturing industries  the  most  important  are  the  textile  mills  and  the  canning  factories. 
Metallurgical  plants  are  being  developed. 

The  most  important  railway  in  Portugal  forms  a  longitudinal  system  running  from 
the  Spanish  border  through  Oporto  and  Lisbon.  Another  Une  runs  from  Lisbon  to  Coimbra 
and  connects  with  the  Spanish  Railway  system.  A  third  Hne  runs  from  Oporto  eastward 
to  the  Spanish  border  connecting  there  with  the  Spanish  system. 

The  per  capita  imports  of  Portugal  in  1916  amounted  to  $7.68.  The  per  capita 
exports  of  Portugal  in  1916  amounted  to  $6.34. 

The  climate  of  Portugal  is  mild,  but  not  hot. 


|i| 


m 


t 


\ 


338 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Area  and  Population 


Provinces  and  Districts 


Area  in 
Sq.  Miles 


Entre  Minho-e-Douro: 
Vianna  do  Castello. , 

Braga 

Porto 


Population  in 
1911 


Tras-os-Montes : 

Villa  Real 

Braganca 


Per  Sq.  Mile 
1911 


857 

1,040 

893 

2,790 


Beira: 

Aveiro 

Viseu 

Coimbra 

Guarda 

Castello  Brancho. 


227.420 
382,461 
679.978 

1,289,859 


1,650 
2,513 


4,163 


Estremadura : 

Leiria , 

Sanatarem . 
Lisbon 


1,065 
1,937 
1.506 
2,116 
2.582 


Alemtejo: 
Portalegre. 
Evora .... 
Beja 


9,208 


245,687 
192,133 

437.820 

336.243 
416.860 
360,056 
271.816 
241.509 


251.2 
343.4 
669.6 

419.5 


146.8 
73.7 


102.7 


1,317 
2.555 
3,065 


6.937 


1.626.484 


284.7 
207.7 
220.3 
123.6 
83.9 


164.6 


262,558 
322.753 
853,415 


Algarve  (Faro) 

Total,  Continental . 
Islands: 

Axores 

Madeira  (Funchal) . . . 


2,405 
2,856 
3,958 


9.219 


1.438,726 

141,778 
144.307 
192.499 


181.3 
110.8 
231.5 


177.6 


1.937 


Total  islands . 
Grand  total . . 


34,254 


922 
314 


1,236 


478,584 


274,122 


51.7 
44.8 
41.3 


45.1 


6.545,595 


242,613 
169.777 


412.390 


35,490 


5.957,985 


131.7 


146.4 


277.9 
479.5 


329.2 


152.8 


Commerce 
Value  of  the  total  trade  of  the  United  States  with  Portugal  for  eleven  years. 


Year 

Ended 

June 

30 


ExPOBTS 


Domestic 


Foreign 


Total 


1909 
1910 
1911 
1912 
1913 
1914 
1915 
1916 
1917 
1918 
1919 


Free 


Imports 


Dutiable 


$3,899,555 

3.223,724 

2.663.401 

2.755.001 

4.151.848 

5.216,958 

5.067.776 

15.283.894 

13,637.057 

21,641.684 


$1,860 
131 

6.509 
10,653 
15,310 

6,090 
12,261 
41,299 
84,083 
39,853 


Total 


Per 

Cent. 
Fiee 


$3,901,405 

3,223,855 

2,669,910 

2,765,654 

4,167,158 

5,223,048 

5,080,037 

15,325,193 

13,721.140 

21,681.537 

21,975.728 


$5,413,402 
5,519.886 
6.149.186 
5.253,307 
6,702.405 
4,939,183 
3.941,128 
5,736.134 
6.760,762 
2,751,785 


Excess  of 
Exports  (♦) 

or 
Imports  (-) 


$827,160 

987.847 

866.172 

946.883 

1.167.818 

1,225.882 

1.180.811 

1.435.161 

2.173.116 

2,278,848 


$6,240,562 
6.507,733 
7,015,358 
6,200,190 
6,870,223 
6,166,065 
5,121,939 
7.171.295 
8.933.878 
5.030.633 
4,427,723 


86 

.74 

82.82  1 

87 

67 

84 

73 

83.00  1 

80 

12 

76 

95 

79.99  1 

75. 

68 

54.70 

1 

-12.339.157 

-3.283.878 

-4.345,448 

-3,434,536 

-2,703,065 

-942.017 

-41.902 

♦8.153,898 

♦4.787.262 

♦16.650,904 

♦17,548,005 


PORTUGAL 


339 


Value  of  the  foreign  trade  of  Lisbon  for  1917  and  1918: 


1017 


1918 


Imports 

Exports 

Re-exports: 

Colonial 

Foreign 

Total 


$56,381,560 
34.598.360 

17,621,280 
10,152,000 


$120,753,200 


$97,364,160 
49,478,040 

9,959,760 
12,057,120 


$168,859,080 


Value  of  the  principal  articles  exported  during  1917  and  1918  from  Lisbon: 


Articles 


1917 


1918 


Beverages 

Copper  ore 

Cork: 

Plugs 

Sha\aDgs .  .  . . . 

Squares 

Wood 

Cotton: 

Raw 

Manufactured 

Flour 

Lumber 

Olive  oa 

Potatoes 

Salt 

Vegetables 

Vinegar 

Wine 


$261,366 
457,988 

671,752 

460,203 

71.985 

1,721,111 

1,091,766 
413,432 

46,165 
175.456 
660.948 

26,346 

91,290 
688,156 

44.083 
6,677.054 


$446,916 
887,515 

874.362 


1.695 
1.282,883 

1,734.858 

406,220 

81,971 

119,124 

889.275 


132.486 

189.663 

55.345 

11.719.266 


Total  foreign  trade  of  Portugal  for  four  years: 


Year 

Imports 

Exports 

Total 

1913 

$103,213,020 
76.062.380 
31.124.100 
45.768.800 

$40,946,900 
29.253.920 
25.686.500 
37.796,400 

$144,159,920 

105,316.300 

66,810,600 

83,565,200 

1914 

1915 ;;;  *; 

1916 '                

Totals  of  imports  and  exports  for  Portuguese  trade  during  the  five  preceding  years: 


Year 

Imports 

EXPOBTB 

Year 

IllPORTS 

Exports 

1908 

$84,516,667 
71,217,096 
76,505,295 

$31,620,380 
35,811,927 
30,739,141 

1911 

74,486,679 
81,598,274 

37.247.029 
38  534  353 

1909 

1912 

1910 

\ 


340 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


PORTUGAL 


341 


f 


Comparative  trade  figures  for  1915  and  1916. 


1915 


1916 


Importation 

Exportation 

Re-exportation  (colonial) , 
Re-exportation  (foreign) . 


Total. 


Increase 


$31,124,100 

10.502.800 

10.500.000 

4.683.700 


$57,810,600 


$45,768,800 

20.699.700 

11.764.200 

6.512.500 


$14,654,700 

10,196.900 

1,264.200 

828.800 


$83.745.200     I    $26.924  nnn 


Value  of  importfl  and  exports  in  seven  main  classifications  for  1913  and  1914: 


iMPOBn 


1913 


Living  animala 

Raw  materials 

TextUee 

Food  Bubetances 

Machinery 

Various  manufacturea. 
Packing 


Total. 


$2,134,080 
39.804.540 

8,752.320 
27.349.480 
16.856.160 

8.138,320 
178,200 


1914 


$329,400 

32.408,640 

7.078.320 

22.509.360 

6.760.800 

6.684.920 

190,940 


EXPOBTB 


1913 


1014 


$4,023,600 
9.529.920 
1.328,400 

20.823.720 

199.800 

4.041.360 


Imports  by  claasification  of  articles  during  1914 


*^Q3'^^3.020 I    $76.062.380  I    »40.946.9nn 


$864,000 

7,789.120 

1.264,440 

17,167.680 

172,520 

3.996,160 


$29.253.920 


Articles 


Value 


Articles 


Animals 

Animal   products    not 

specified 

Wool 

Animal  fats  and  oils ! . 
Hides,  raw  and  cured . 
Tripe,  salted  or  dry. . . 

Cotton 

Linen  and  hemp ....'' 

Oils .....!!; 

Seeds 

§08ill WW.. 

5* 

Barley 

Oil  seeds 

Tobacco 

Wood.   

Mmeral  water 

Cement,  lime 

Coal 

Sulphur ; ; ; ; 

Je?«^eb.  ....    

Oil.  lUimunating 

Oil,  lubricating 

ParafEne \ 

Minerals,  unspecified.!. 
All  other  minerals . . . 
Metals: 

Steel 

3^*d 

Copper  Wire 

Copper,  brass,  bronse 

Tin. 

Iron \\ 

Iron,  galvanised,  etc.' 

Iron  in  wire 

Gold  bars 

Silver 

^  Zino 

Oienucals 

^*^»  •  • 

Dyes 


Value 


50,760 
1.552,040 
307.240 
2.169.720 
77,760 
6.309,280 
256,880 
224,160 
64,800 
33,960 
47,528 
93,160 
1.400.760 
1,002.240 
718,280 
12.960 
256,560 
5.550,120 
227,880 
15,120 
520,560 
385,560 
36,720 
18,360 
1,022,080 


922,320 
190,080 
55,080 
262,440 
363,040 
1.785,240 
1.261,440 
105,000 
575.480 
261,360 
62,640 
1,949,240 
12,960 
479,520 


Articles 


essence 


em- 


$237,440    Medicines  and 
for  perfumes 

Fertilizer 

Materials  for  the  manii 
facture  of  paper 

Thread 

Shawls  and  bander- 
chiefs  

Peys ! ! ! ! . 

Fabrics  (not  specified) '. 

Silk 

Cotton  manufactures..! 

Lmen  manufactures 

Caoutchouc  and  gutta 
percha,  manufactures 
of 

Trimmings      and 

broideries 

Alcohol 

Cognac  and  liquors 

Beer 

Wine 

Gin !;;; 

Barley ! ! . 

Maize ! !  ^ 

Corn !!!!!! 

Cereals ! .  ] 

Canary  seed ....!! 
Fecula 

R»ce 

Potatoes. .    , 

Flour ;;;;; 

Beans ',*,*' 

Sugar ! 

Cocoa, ... 

Coffee !!!!!!!' 

Spices 

Tea .' 

Molasses 

Fish 


$76,680 
1.240.920 

356,400 
75,600 

27,000 

77,760 

558,360 

1,354,320 

2.962,440 

1.517.880 


132,840 

415.800 
11,880 
12.960 
14.040 
14.040 
8.640 
19.720 
2.^43.760 
6,610.080 
631,360 
99,000 
90.720 
1,910.680 
633.320 
47.440 
86.400 
3,367,440 
82.080 
709,560 
55,080 
270,480 
1.080 
4,100,480 


Value 


Conserves 

Sweets \\\ 

Vegetables,  fresh.* '.'" 
Fruits,  dried  and  fresh 

Butter 

Pimento !!!!!! 

Storage ! ! ! ! ! 

Cheese ! ! ! ! ! 

Instruments,  machines 
etc.: 

Pianos 

Adding        machines 
typewriters,  etc . . . 
Musical  instruments 

Coaches 

Boats  new 

Bicycles 

Automobile  parts. . . . 
Material  for  R.  R. 

Arms 

Hides,  manufactures, . . 
Feathers,  manufactures 
Ammal  products,  not 
specified,  manufac- 
tures  

Vegetable  matter!  man- 

tures 

pottery  and  ceramics! ! 

Mineral     manufactures 
not  specified 

Metal  manufactures. 

Gold  currency 

Gold  manufactures.  ! 

silver  currency 

Silver  manufactures. ! . . 

Plating  of  copper,  lead, 
iron,  etc 

Paper    and     manufac- 
tures of 

All  other  manufactures 


$69,040 

115,560 

25,920 

35.640 

6.160 

89.640 

17,280 

185.240 

106,920 

3.728,240 

120,520 

180,360 

291,600 

65,880 

1,080,000 

517,560 

138,920 

83,160 

5.400 


44,280 

497,960 
182,520 
410,400 

61.560 

1,679,160 

249,480 

30.520 

8.640 

22.680 

58.320 

863.360 
1,690,080 


Exports  by  classification  of  articles  during  1914: 


Articles 


Value 


Articles 


Value 


Articles 


Value 


AnioMls  live: 

Asses 

Goats 

Horses 

Sheep 

Mules 

Hogs 

Cattle •. ... 

Livestock  not  classi- 
fied  

Materials    for    indus- 
tries: 

FishoU 

Wool,  washed 

Wool,  unwashed 

Bides,  uncured 

Hides,  cured 

Elderberries 

Cork 

Cork  in  squares 

Corkdust 

Wood 

Wood,  in  planks 

Panels 

Beams,  crossbars,  etc .  . 

Doned  materials 

Mineral  waters 

Silk  Emobra. ._ 

Linen  in  the  piece 

Linen  partially  worked . 

Sacks 

Cotton     fabrics,     em- 
broidered  

Linen  fabrics,  embroid- 
dered 

Brandy 

Cognac  and  liquors .... 

Vinegar 

Wine  white 

Wine  red 

Madeira 

Port , 

Wines,  not  qualified. . . 

Wheat , 

Other  cereals  in  grain. , 

Wheat  flour 

Potatoes 

Biscuits , 

Vegetables,  dried , 


$4,320 

18.360 

16,200 

129,160 

66,160 

134.920 

873,680 

124,200 


30.240 

58,320 

9,720 

289.440 

32.400 

6,400 

3.473,280 

77,760 

97,200 

667,440 

46,640 

92,880 

45,360 

14,040 

37,800 

144.520 

110.160 

3,240 

1,080 

32.400 

160.920 

56.160 

14.040 

32.400 

636.220 

3,238,920 

508.680 

5,835,240 

244.000 

2.160 

18.360 

580,940 

304.560 

113.400 

166,240 


im- 


Fish: 

SheUfish 

Tunny  fresh  &■  salted. 

Sardines,    fresh    and 

salted 

Lime  in  stone  and  pow- 
der   .  .  . 

Coal  mineral.... 

Antimony 

Lead 

Copper 

Iron 

Stone,  marble  and  gran- 
ite  

Minends,  unspecified. . 

Iron 

Metals,  unspecified .... 

Wireless 

Salt 

Wine  must 

Chemical  products 
specL&ed 

Fertiliser 

Wax,  crude  or  manufso- 
tured 

Pulp  for  manufacture  of 
paper 

Essence  for  perfume . 

Wool  in  the  piece. . . . 

Wood,  partially  worked 

Silk  in  the  piece 

Silk  partially  worked.. . 

Cotton  in  the  piece. . . . 

Cotton  in  the  piece  or 
dyed  and  pnnted  in 
the  piece 

Fresh  fish,  unspecified. 

Olive  oil 

Animal  fats 

Meats,  fresh  or  pre- 
served   

Tunny,  canned 

Sardines 

Fish,  imspecified .... 

Olives 

Tomatoes,  canned . . . 

Fruits  ana  vegetables 

O  n' c6LO  ••••••••••••• 

Carob  bean 


$33,480 
113.400 

362,880 

27,000 
61.940 
66,880 
4,320 
966,600 
17,280 

42.120 

373.680 

9,720 

116,640 

96,120 

52,920 

83.160 

100,440 
119,880 

118,800 

14,040 

22,680 

9,720 

18.040 

1,080 

2.160 

125,280 


497,880 
65,880 

664.000 
63,720 

234,360 

139,320 

1.812,640 

20.520 

31.320 

16.200 

41,600 

41.600 

23.760 

110,720 


Almonds,  shelled 

Almonds,  unshelled. . . 

Pineapples 

Chestnuts 

Dried  figs 

Oranges 

Apples 

Grapes 

Frmts,  unspecified. . . . 

Garlic 

Onions 

Tomatoes 

Vegetables,  unspecified. 

Eggs 

Cheese 

Machines,  instruments, 
etc.: 

Agricultural      imple- 
ments  

Industrial  machines 

Boats 

Wagons 

Hides,  manufactured.. 
Various    manufactured 

articles 

Pottery 

Stones 

Tiles 

Glass 

Gold  currency 

Silver  currency 

Copper,  manufactured 

Tin  plate 

Metals  in  sheets 

Iron,  manufactures . . . 
Gold,  manufactures. . . 
Silver,  manufactures . . 
Metals,    manufactured, 

unspecified 

Paper,    manufactures . . 

Caps 

Hats 

Twine 

Medicines 

Powder 

Hardware 

Soap 

Tobacco,  manufactures 

Candles 

Varnish 


$153,480 
30,240 

436.320 
25.920 

180.160 

3.240 

36.720 

154.440 
34.560 
31.320 

198.720 
16.200 
11.880 

126.360 
15.120 


37,840 
22,680 
16,200 
31.320 
11.880 

973.080 

6.480 

5.400 

30.240 

14.040 

1.274.120 

664.040 

5.400 

20.520 

17,240 

128.520 

4.320 

130,680 

15.200 
136.080 

3.240 
16.200 
35.640 
41.040 

1.080 

24.840 

87.480 

230.040 

6.480 

2.160 


Production  and  Industry 

Agricvllure:  The  statistics  for  1912  show  that  in  Portugal  there  are  5,774, 194  acres  of 
farm  land,  4,556,558  acres  of  pasture  land,  1,910,648  acres  of  land  covered  with  bushes  and 
shrubs,  4,832,420  acres  of  forest.  The  total  of  productive  land  is  17,273,943  acres.  The 
production  for  1916  was  as  follows,  7,115,790  bushels  of  wheat,  2,676,107  bushels  of  rye, 
3,189,078  bushels  of  oats,  1,158,641  bushels  of  barley,  1,102,400  bushels  of  beans,  195,733 
tons  of  potatoes  and  54,754  tons  of  cork. 

The  wine  industry  is  important  in  Portugal.  The  production  for  six  years  is  as  follows: 
1912,  117,380,423  gallons;  1913,  103,620,678  gallons;  1914,  126,011,678  gallons;  1915, 
90,200,343  gallons;  1916,  144,410,280  gaUons;  and  in  1917,  109,808,625  gaUons. 

There  were  813,350  acres  of  olive  groves  under  cultivation  which  produced  330,000 
tons  of  olives  in  1915.    The  olive  oil  product  for  1916-17  amounted  to  362,094,084  gallons. 

The  Portuguese  manufacture  very  beautiful  tiles,  called  "Ajulyos."  They  are  used 
for  interior  and  exterior  decoration.    The  industry  dates  from  the  time  of  the  Moors. 


i 


342 


EXPORTERS  GAZBTTBEROFpnn^rn.  MARKETS 


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PORTUGAL 


343 


Output  of  Portugal's  mines  with  value  in  U.  S.  currency  for  1913  and  1914. 


Minerals 


1913 


Tons 


Value 


1914 


Tons 


Value 


Coal  (Anthracite) 

Iron  pyrites 

Lead 

Iron 

Tin 

Wolfram 


24,761 

475,286 

1,150 

54,102 

292.990 

1,155 


$87,824 

1,150,710 

39,886 

58,663 

99.586 

608,370 


27,809 

293.792 

2,313 

7,313 

480 

704 


$84,322 
850,880 
116,202 
11.917 
143,212 
390.513 


Portugal  is  said  to  be  rich  in  minerals,  especially  copper,  which  is  mined  in  the  Southern 
part  of  the  state.  Iron  is  obtained  near  Bya  and  Evora;  tin  in  the  districts  of  Braganca; 
lead,  wolfram,  antimony  and  auriferous  quartz  exist  in  the  districts  of  Coimbra,  Evora, 
Bya  and  Faro.  Lignite  is  found  at  many  points  around  Coimbra,  Leiria  and  Santarem. 
Asphalt  abounds  near  Alcobaca.  Phosphate,  asbestos  and  sulphur  are  common  south  of 
the  Tagus.    Petroleum  has  been  found  near  Torres  Vedras. 

Fisheries: 

Portugal  exports  large  quantities  of  sardines  and  tunny  fish.  In  1915  the  value  of  the 
fisheries  was  $10,051,636;  46,957  persons  were  employed  and  11,509  vessels  with  a  tonnage 
of  58,192  were  engaged  in  fishing. 

Acreage  of  the  forests  of  Portugal  which  cover  19  per  cent  of  its  total  area: 


Forests 

No.  of 
Forests 

Tall  Timber 

Low 
Timber 

Rickets  and 

Graying 

Land 

Pines 

Oak 

Beech 

Total 

Forests  owned  by  the  state . 
Forests  privately  owned  . , . 
Public  forests 

227 

7,098 

18 

171.151 

1.346.932 

4,529 

1.950 
1,047,344 

16.738 
527,107 

31.301 

1,212.207 

265 

81,313 

2.500.892 

2.015 

302.093 

6.634.482 

9,722 

Totals 

7,343 

1.522,612 

1.048,934 

q4«)|o4o 

1.243.773 

2.584.220 

6.946.297 

Railways : 

There  are  two  state  owned  railways  in  Portugal,  733  miles  in  length,  and  five  privately 
owned  lines  1,314  miles  in  length.  On  December  31,  1918,  the  total  railway  mileage 
was  2,047.  The  gauge  on  all  but  two  railways  is  5  feet  5^  inches.  The  remaining  two 
are  3  feet  3%  inches  and  2  feet  11 H  inches. 

Post  Oflices: 

At  the  end  of  1913  there  were  4,266  post  offices.  The  number  of  letters  carried  was 
54,623,000,  post  cards  23,667,000,  printed  circulars,  etc.,  47,549,000. 

Telegraphs: 

There  were  in  1912,  580  telegraph  offices,  at  which  time  there  were  5,945  miles  of 
line  and  13,415  miles  of  wire.  The  number  of  telegrams  was:  internal  1,442,932;  inter- 
national 695,786;  transit  3,320,666;  service  168,305;  total  5,267,389. 

Language:    Portuguese  is  the  language  universally  employed. 
Local  Advertising  Media: 

The  only  important  local  advertising  media  in  Portugal  are  the  daily  papers. 


344 


I  ; 


EXPORTERS  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Money,  Weights  and  Measures: 

of  IW  ceruvoTw^r""""'-  ^"'"^"»"y  °°  »  Ko'd  ^te-dard.    The  unit  is  the  escudo 
01  iw  centavos  which  is  equivalent  to  one  gold  milreis.    At  oar  it  is  worth  ti  na  7t  o 

The  metnc  system  of  weights  and  measures  is  in  use. 
Consular  Representatives: 

Shipping  Routes: 

Fabre  Line. 

Ocean  Transportation  Corp. 

Kerr  Steamship  Co.,  Inc. 

Ward  Line. 

A.  H.  Bull  and  Co. 

Customs  Tariff: 

on  th^'^^ss"  Tr.ir:ri^':ird:L'"^ "''  --"'^  •'"«-  ^^ 

Consular  regulations: 

sula/SeT  'Sntit  Kl'^l^V"  *""''■'?**'  "'"'  '^  '^^"'"^  "*  P"'*  °f  Shipment.  Con- 
mnt^ini^^  Consular  blanks  (per  set  of  three)  10.15;  Certification  of  consular  invoice 
contaming  five  hnes  of  items  J3.30,  6  to  12  lines,  J3.50,  13  to  20  lines,  $3.70 

Cable  rates:    From  New  York  or  New  England  States  $0.39  per  word. 
Postal  rates:    Postal  Union  rates. 
Mail  time:    Ten  days. 
Parcel  post: 

P^^c^TfTetfT'^!-  .^'"'V"'  """**'  *'*^^"  »»•"""•    Greatest  length  of 
package,  d  leet  b  mches.     Greatest  length  and  eirth  comhinpH   R  f^i     t^k 

manufactured,  may  not  be  sent  in  postal  packagfs  '     ^  '    ^"'"""''  ""  " 

Money  orders:    Not  issued. 
International  reply  coupons:    Not  issued. 


RUMANIA 


345 


RUMANIA 

(See  Map,  Page  235) 

A  kingdom  in  southeastern  Europe,  bordering  on  the  Black  Sea  and  bounded  by 
Bulgaria,  Jugo-Slavia,  Hungary  and  Russia.  Its  area  in  1914  was  approximately  equal  to 
that  of  the  combined  states  of  New  York  and  Connecticut,  but  will  be  largely  increased 
as  a  result  of  the  war.  The  principal  cities  of  Rumania  are  Bucharest,  the  capital, 
which  is  about  as  large  as  Kansas  City;  Jassy,  Galatz,  Braila  and  Constanza. 

The  principal  industries  of  Rumania  are  agriculture  and  mining,  and  the  chief  products 
of  the  country  are  wheat  and  petroleum.  The  high  relative  standing  of  Rumania  in  the 
production  of  grain  crops  is  partly  due  to  the  fertihty  of  her  soil,  and  more  directly  due  to 
the  modern  methods  and  implements  which  have  had  extended  use  in  the  agricultural 
region.  In  addition  to  the  cereal  crops,  beans,  beetroot,  potatoes  and  tobacco  are  exten- 
sively cultivated.  Viticulture  is  carried  on  in  Moldavia  and  Jassy,  and  the  production 
of  wine  is  an  important  industry.  Large  quantities  of  fruit  are  annually  produced  in  the 
uplands,  the  cultivation  of  the  damson  receiving  special  attention,  although  apples,  pears, 
cherries  and  peaches  are  also  grown.  Sericulture  and  the  breeding  of  livestock  are  Ukewise 
carried  on. 

The  mineral  resources  of  Rumania  are  foimd  principally  in  the  mountain  region. 
Petroleum  is  the  most  important  of  the  mineral  resources,  and  production  is  carried  on  by 
private  companies,  among  which  the  Standard  Oil  Company  is  important,  and  by  the  state. 
The  principal  fields  are  located  in  the  departments  of  Bacau,  Buzeu,  Dambovitza  and 
Prahova.  Other  important  mineral  products  are  salt,  Bgnite,  anthracite  coal,  the  output 
of  which  is  for  the  most  part  controlled  by  British  capital,  iron,  copper,  lead,  and  building 
stone. 

The  chief  manufacturing  industries  of  Rumania  are  those  directly  connected  with 
agriculture  and  mining,  and  include  petroleum  refineries,  flour  mills,  iron  foundries,  sugar 
refineries,  paper  mills,  saw-mills,  chemical,  glass,  and  soap  works. 

The  Rumanian  railway  system  is  extensive  and  connects  with  those  of  Hungary, 
Serbia  and  Russia.  The  system  is  composed  of  a  main  line,  extending  southward  from 
Suczawa  in  Bukowina  through  Moldavia,  and  crossing  Wallachia  from  east  to  west  to  the 
Hungarian  frontier.  Branch  Unes  extend  to  Jassy  and  the  principal  cities  on  the  Danube, 
and  also  in  the  opposite  direction  into  the  valleys  of  the  Carpathians.  Jassy  and  Galatz 
are  connected  by  a  direct  Une,  and  the  Dobrudja  is  traversed  by  a  line  from  Constanza  on 
the  Black  Sea  to  Cernavoda,  which  thence  runs  northwest  and  joins  the  main  line. 

The  per  capita  imports  of  Rumania  in  1911  amounted  to  $14.65.  The  per  capita 
exports  in  the  same  year  amounted  to  $16.44. 

As  a  consequence  of  the  war  Rumania  claims  possession  of  (1)  Transylvania,  formerly 
a  part  of  Hungary,  with  an  area  of  21,752  square  miles  and  a  population  of  about  2,500,000. 
(2)  Banat  of  Temesvar,  also  formerly  Hungarian  territory.  The  Banat  roughly  corresponds 
to  the  quadrilateral  formed  by  the  western  boundary  of  Transylvania,  and  the  Danube, 
Theiss  and  Maros  rivers.  Rumania's  claim  to  it  is  disputed  by  Serbia,  which  claims  the 
western  portion  of  the  Banat.  (3)  Rumania  likewise  claims  the  former  Austrian  province 
of  Bukowina,  north  of  Transylvania,  with  an  area  of  4,033  square  miles  and  a  population 
of  800,098.  (4)  Finally,  Rumania  claims  the  former  Russian  province  of  Bessarabia  on 
her  eastern  frontier,  with  an  area  of  17,340  square  miles  and  a  population  of  1,936,340. 


I 


J 


346 


^5I2BIEm^ETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


the  single  eCZTTn^'^ri^Tn  '^jl:^'  tt  """!f  "  ^""^  ^^ 
wise  :ni„ed,  and  rich  coal  deposit  e^Tru^  ri.":;'^;:^"  '"'  ""'"'  "*  "^^ 

per  c^'lS'fZ.:^  ofSSat'l'"'  •=«"\«,"-^  (^ddavian)  the  other  50 

groups.    The  ^pSn  of  Sv2a  isTe'^;     I'T^'  '''^'^  •^''  °*''«'  •"'«<"«J 
and  9.4  per  cent.  German     '^^'^'^''  "^  ^^  P«'  ■»■"•  Rumanian,  35  per  cent.  Hungarian 

Area  and  Population 
of  thf::;"  ''""  "^  ■"'  '~P"'''*'°»  °f  K"---"^  -e^ng  territory  added  as  a  .^ult 


Moldavia : 
Bacau. . . . 
Botoehani 
Covurlui. , 
Dorohoi . . 
Falchiu .  . 
Jassy .... 
Neamtsu . 

Putna 

Roman . . . 
Suchava.. 
Tecuchi.  . 
Tutova. . . 
Vaslui 


Total . 


Gruid  WaUachi*  (Mtintenia)- 

Argeah 

Braila 

Buxeu ..'..'...' 

Dambovitsa.  ,..'.' ." .'  ['// 
Jalomitsa. . 

iifov ::: 

MuacheJ 

oitu :; 

Prahova * '  * ' 

Rimnicu  Sarat ....... 

Telorman 

viaahka....    :::::•• 


1,640 
1.220 
1.140 
1.090 
850 
1,210 
1.540 
1.250 
810 
1,320 
980 
920 
840 


232,954 

197,404 

171,799 

184,382 

108,396 

212,6r.9 

169,849 

181,382 

128,165 

151,147 

142,384 

129,819 

128,804 


14,710 


Total 


Oltenia: 

Dolj 

Got  j 

Mehedintai  . . 
Romanatai . . . 
Valchea 


1,710 

1,680 

1,880 

1,340 

2.620 

2.230 

1,140 

1,090 

1.800 

1,260 

1,810 

1.730 


2.139.154 


20.290 


Total. 


Dobrudja: 

Constantza.  .  . . 

Toultcha 

Dxiroetor 

Caliacra 


2,540 
1,810 
1,910 
1.770 
1,640 


242,917 
181,533 
277,977 
258,378 
242,848 
681,759 
135,216 
171,aS6 
389,914 
163,937 
297,470 
259.395 


3,302,430 


9,670 


Total 

Grand  total. 


2,670 
3,330 

2.969 


4.36,449 
200,371 
295,474 
248.600 
232.011 


1,412,905 


8,969 


53,639 


209..571 
170.859 

273,090 


653.520 


7,508,009 


RUMANIA 


347 


Population  of  principal  cities: 

The  principal  towns  are:  Bucharest,  the  capital  and  seat  of  Government,  1917,  308,987; 
Jassy,  76,120;  Galatz,  72,512;  Braila,  65,911;  Ploesti,  57,376;  Craiova,  51,877;  Botosani, 
32,274;  Buzeu,  29,483;  Constantza,  27,662;  Berlad,  25,367;  Fodsani,  25,287. 

Commerce 
Eleven  year  table  of  the  total  foreign  trade  of  the  United  States  with  Rumania: 


Year 
Ended 

KXPOBTS 

Imports 

Excess  of 
Exports  (+) 

or 
Imports  (-) 

June 
30 

Domestic 

Foreign 

Total 

Free 

Dutiable 

Total 

Per 
Cent. 
Free 

1909.. 

$647,045 
471,299 
956.332 
881.287 
2.412.885 
2,306,377 
391,001 
112,437 

" " "  310.774 

$647,045 
479,364 
964.398 
906,819 
2,417,591 
2,306,377 
391,001 
112.437 

"  "  310.774 
1.050,451 

$1,277 

31,914 
253.550 

54.962 
277,948 
461,703 

94.954 

$8,063 

4,267 

20.047 

86,811 

70,533 

27.917 

2,927 

20,079 

1.285 

$9,340 

36.181 

273,597 

91.773 

348.481 

489.620 

97,881 

20.079 

1,285 

13.68 
88.21 
92.27 
59.89 
79.76 
94.30 
97.01 

+$637,705 

+443.183 

♦690,801 

+815,046 

♦2,069,110 

♦1,816,757 

+293.120 

+«2.358 

-1,285 

+310.774 

+1.050,451 

1910.. 
1911.. 
1912.. 
1913.. 
1914.. 

8.065 

8.066 

25.532 

4.706 

1915 . . 

1916.. 

1917.. 
1918.. 
1919.. 

Principal  articles  of  import,  1909-1911: 


Articles 


1909 


1910 


1911 


Animale.  living 

Animal  food  products 

Other  animal  products 

Hides  and  leather  products 

Wool,  yarns,  etc 

Raw  materials 

Silks,  etc 

Cereals  and  cereal  products 

Vegetables,  flowers,  grains,  etc 

vegetable  oils 

Articles  of  drink 

Fruits,  colonial 

Sugar  and  sugar  products 

Trees,  wood,  etc 

Vegetables,  fibres,  etc 

Confectionery 

Celluloid 

India  rubber,  gutta  percha,  dry  vegetables . 

Mineral  waters,  etc 

Earthenware,  stoneware,  etc 

Glassware 

Oil  and  bitumen 

Metals,  minerals  and  metal  products 

Machinery 

Vehicles 

^all  boats 

Watches,  clocks,  etc 

Musical  instruments 

Toys. 

Drugs,  chemicals,  etc 

Perfumes 

Paints  and  varnishes 

l^xplosives 


Total. 


$759,387 

1,324.613 
647.711 

2,618,107 
474,680 

6,074,095 
465.229 

2,367,081 
734.682 

1.588.890 
700.726 
277.837 

2.114.518 
270,205 

1,884,342 
12,667,288 

3,467.552 

906.144 

83.857 

1,308.120 
260.020 
896.468 
845.832 
364,041 
16,774,056 

6.195,566 

1,488,967 

52,032 

514,544 

101,726 

202.733 

1.516,905 
235.071 
482.537 
486.353 


$71,081,918 


$604,456 

1.386.341 
511,955 

2.879,458 
421,847 

6.995,416 
404,711 

2.891.604 

1,153,312 

1,422,277 
948,919 
336,015 

2,437,082 
256,066 

2,016,309 
12,775,752 

3,998,918 

989,363 

91,853 

1,458,530 
258,981 

1,002,495 

939,870 

411,894 

19,101,552 

6.569.311 

2,178,761 

1.899 

611.716 

126.181 

255,667 

1.597,921 
265,248 
636,952 
243,832 


$79,075,104 


$1,246,187 

1,692,443 

624.842 

4.443,524 

515,044 

9,868,121 

546,471 

3.975,279 

1,886,350 

1.699,315 

946.089 

442,852 

2.469.048 

336.390 

2.900,127 

17,670,644 

5,463,601 

1.236,784 

119,274 

1,774,046 

290,887 

1,208,746 

1,166.897 

466,648 

23.653.054 

11.417.088 

7,329,099 

949 

809.308 

152,300 

303.686 

1.830.215 

332,256 

622,547 

515.676 


$109,970,788 


I 


I 


348 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Rec  APITtJ  LATION 


Animals  and  animal  products 

Agricultural  products 

Mineral  products '.'.'.'.'.'. 

Combinations  of  above  .'.'.'*"' 


Total. 


$14,630,906 
26,034.166 
19.140.418 
11.276.428 


$71,081,918 


Value  of  imports  by  countries  of  origin: 


Countries 


1909 


England 

Austria  Hungary. 

Belgium 

Bulgaria 

Egypt 

owitzerland 

France 

Germany 

Greece 

Italy 

Netherlands 

Russia 

Serbia [[[ 

Spain ' ' ' 

United  States*.'. ". .' 

Turkey 

Other  countries. . , 


Total. 


$11,150,734 

16,556,762 

2,242.579 

160.521 

70,356 

1,349.856 

4.569.675 

24,053.969 

263,401 

3.411.593 

1.034,521 

2,080.570 

89,361 

139,874 

4 

2,240,179 
1.667,062 


$71,081,013 


Note:  *Included  in  "Other  Countries' 


previous  to  1910. 


Value  of  exports  by  countries  of  destination: 


Countries 


1909 


England 

Austria  Hungary . 

Belgium 

Bulgaria 

Egypt 

Switzerland 

France 

Germany 

Gibraltar 

Greece 

Italy 

Netherlands 

Russia 

Serbia 

Spain 

Umted  States 

Turkey 

Other  countries . . . 


•  •••••  I 


Total. 


$6,689,033 

22,200,793 

23.410.279 

847,407 

1,329,076 

15,423 

6,307,925 

6.134.535 

2.366,189 

128.540 

6,561,625 

9,551.803 

796.895 

252.777 

143.118 

< 

4.162.422 
876,091 


$89,773,930 


Note:  •  Included  in  "Other  Countries"  before  1910. 


$16,095,790 
27.877,130 
21,714,794 
13.387.390 


$79,075,104 


1910 


$10,957,830 
18.910.154 
2.698,729 
257,446 
42,647 
1,631.2.54 
4,946.190 
26.679.794 
335,335 
4.196,619 
1,122.956 
2,271,823 
97,703 
121,912 
700.641 
2.673.266 
1,431,000 


$79,075,299 


1910 


$6,446,477 

7,195,848 

43,664,637 

1,040.486 

1.697.985 

21.744 

9.046.781 

4.686.270 

6.111,791 

172,837 

13,253,633 

19.128,391 

1.208,536 

146,279 

639,160 

50,083 

3.589.833 

864.670 


$118,985,441 


$22,926,914 
36,944.523 
26,786.224 
23,313,127 


$109,970,788 


1911 


$16,519,776 

26,448.800 

6.425.957 

269.965 

47.461 

2.084,962 

6,824,^7 

35,472,907 

372,876 

5,618,163 

927.606 

2,613.593 

49.134 

101,99S 

2.487,117 

2,621.558 

2,174,064 


$110,060,784 


1911 


$10,801,176 

12.134,624 

60349.266 

1.147.367 

2.840.246 

37.196 

9,433.582 

6,370.594 

7,097,577 

155,848 

9,571,275 

14,843,079 

1,345,406 

138.152 

914,166 

48,142 

4,058,882 

1,712,453 


$123,482,031 


RUMANIA 


Chief  articles  of  export,  1909-1911: 


Articles 


Value 
1909 


Value 
1910 


Animals,  living . 

Animal  food  products 

Other  animal  products 

Hides  and  leather  products 

Furs 

Wool,  yarns,  etc 

Raw  materials 

Silks,  etc 

Cereals  and  cereal  products 

Vegetables,  flowers,  grains,  etc 

Vegetable  oils 

Articles  of  drink 

Sugar  and  sugar  products 

Vegetables,  fibres,  etc 

v/vUl6C  vlvU^^Ajr  ••••■••••••••••«•••••••••••■•••• 

X^ftpci  •  •  •  •  •••••*••••••••••■•*••••••••••■••••• 

^yvU  Ul  vl\l  ••••••••••••••••■■••••■•••■••••■••••• 

India  rubber,  gutta  percha,  diy  vegetables 

Mineral  waters,  etc 

Earthenware,  stoneware,  etc 

Oil  and  bitumen 

Metals,  minerals  and  metal  products 

Machinery 

Small  boats 

Watches,  clocks,  etc 

Musical  instruments 

Toys 

Drugs,  chemicals,  etc 

Perfumes 

Paints  and  varnishes 

Explosives 

Total 


$519,840 

1,115,994 

1,866 

416,640 

17,411 

403,409 

212,335 

7.250 

69,014,563 

4,036,091 

2,053 

36.151 

239,477 

515 

6,683,010 

14,432 

7,549 

27.093 

128,696 

311,999 

49,105 

5,144 

6.999,829 

182,572 

89,243 

245 

868 

•  ••••••••■a 

264 
253 
170,245 
261 
135 
58,477 


$89,755,927 


$1,148,683 
931.456 
1.124 
564.688 
23.141 
479.119 
271,084 


94.535,454 

6.703.076 

2,108 

28,676 

463,220 

45,095 

4.862.096 

15,325 

6,745 

96.036 

130,994 

255.763 

39,677 

2,793 

7,507,153 

670.641 

107.426 

792 

262 

243' 

423 

134,652 

299 

1.925 

45,450 


$118,985,539 


ReCAPITU  LATION 


Animals  and  animal  products 

Agricultural  products 

Mineral  products 

Combinations  of  above 

Total 


$2,697,749 

79.189,533 

7,548.651 

319.994 


$89,755,927 


$3,429,205 

106.888,829 

8,376,029 

291.476 


$118,985,539 


349 


Value 
1911 


$1,245,638 

1,415,595 

1.590 

368.232 

28.827 

491.842 

201.229 

4.837 

107.627,055 

6,796.814 

3,916 

32,809 

268,665 

390,153 

4,981,806 

104,389 

6,515 

294,885 

198,216 

142,423 

92,728 

7,724 

7,863,278 

718,981 

60,838 

4,233 

38 

1,989 

541 

183 

161,506 

207 

210 

677 


$133,502,037 


$3,747,794 

120,695,222 

8,825.034 

233,987 


$133,502,037 


Production  and  Industry 

The  principal  industries  are  agriculture  and  mining.  In  1914  there  were  a  total  of 
1,194,335  farms,  of  which  3,606  consisted  of  more  than  247  acres,  and  1,190,729  consisted 
of  less  than  247  acres.  In  that  year  there  were  259,886  farms  in  the  plains  of  Sereth  and 
Pnith,  of  which  931  consisted  of  more,  and  258,935  of  less  than  247  acres;  there  were 
118,858  farms  in  Moldavia  and  the  Carpathians,  of  which  280  consisted  of  more,  and  118,578 
of  less  than  247  acres;  there  were  353,175  in  Grand  Wallachia  and  the  Carpathians,  of 
which  592  consisted  of  more  and  352,583  of  less  than  247  acres;  there  w^ere  383,522  in  the 
plains  of  the  Danube,  of  which  1,319  consisted  of  more  and  382,203  consisted  of  less  than 
247  acres;  there  were  78,914  in  the  Dobrudja,  of  which  484  consisted  of  more  and  78,430 
of  less  than  247  acres.  In  the  same  year  the  total  extent  of  ploughed  land  w^as  13,074,922 
acres;  of  fallow  lands,  1,299,382  acres,  of  vineyards  and  orchards,  487,670  acres;  of  pastures, 
2,948,472  acres  and  forests,  6,935,120  acres. 


I 
i 

t 


( 


i 


350 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


RUMANIA 


351 


I 


The  acreage  and  produce  of  principal  crops  in  1916  were  as  follows: 


Crop 


Area  Culthrated 
Acres 


Wheat. 
Hye. . . 
Barley . 
Oata. . . 
Maize. 


4,843.587 
199,611 
1.463,732 
1.068.096 
5,055.998 


Production 
Tons 


1,800.000 
^50.000 
660,000 
300.000 

1.600,000 


tree«%"jl!r  '"^/,^'^'^'\  ''^  39,320  persons  in  1913;  there  were  460,652  mulberry 
WesWL       '""         ^         °'  *^  ^""^'^'  ""^  ^"^'^  ^'""^  »f  f"*  ~ 

wll J^'^r'"'''^  "^''f'  T"^  °'  ^""^^  "»  petroleum,  coal  and  salt.    Petroleum 

P^;.v    n  ^^^T""^  '"'^  ""^"""'y  °™"^'  ""  ^  °P«'»«<'°  i"  the  departments^ 
Prohova^Dambovrtza,  Buzeu  and  Bacau.     In  1915  the  total  production  Lounted  to 

^riv!te1v  „L^'^''n"T^    owned  wells  produce  about  10.63  per  cent,  of  the  total,  the 
privately  owned  wells  producmg  about  89.37  per  cent. 

Buze?'L°i21v!rL'"  ®^'  lH^  ^  '^^^'  ^^  """  ^  ^^"^  52  in  Dambovitza,  92  in 

rSnTf,  9,.  "•  .  ^'"^  """*  ^  P"<^"<='"8  P'"'*'  *"  R«™»>^  in  1913.  employing 

a  toU^  of  12,235  persons;  of  these  26,  employing  10,488  persons  were  in  Prahova;  5,  erapfoy? 

Z.u-^1T  """^  ""  ^^^^^^'  8.  «n>Ploying  981  persons  were  in  Bu^u    and  15, 
employmg  459  persons  were  in  Bacau.  ' 

14  T^r.?"^"!!""  °^  '^  ^  """'^  *"  ^^l^'  amounted  to  266,229  tons,  valued  at 
Sa  i^trT^nSe*:'"  '^^^  ''°"^^'*'  ""''^  '"'"  "^™  '^^  "'"•'  "^'^' 

OrH;^„^i^'^.l^T.'""!u-^f '^^®  '""^  °^  "*"  P«^"<«d,  this  being  a  government  monopoly. 
^Sr^  '^^  production  is  consumed  within  the  country  and^nl 

Railways  and  Roads: 

iqo^^*'^  "^oXi'^M*^'  ^•^^'  °^  ""'=''  2.299  miles  were  owned  by  the  state.  In 
1905  there  were  26,385  miles  of  national  roads. 

Post  Offices,  Telegraphs,  Telephones: 

Sfiii"  f  **  ^^'^J^^  ^'^''  P™*  °'^'=*"  "■"*  3-1*3  telegraph  offices.  Telegraph  Une, 

firlTJ^''T  T"^-  '"'r  ''•'"'  '  "'""'  '«'«?''<'■'''  ^y^'^'"'  with  ?^  miles 
lr!k  ^^  1  r  °'  ^'  ""*  ^'^  interurban  systems  with  24,618  mUes  of  Une, 
and  45,378  miles  of  wire  The  urban  systems  were  used  for  20,894,338  conversations, 
and  the  mterurban  for  1,444,227. 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures: 

The  monetary  system  is  normally  on  a  gold  basis,  the  unit  being  the  lev,  (plural  lei), 

l^dnc^^',0  HT.!?'-'?""*"f«°''*'"*'^=«"'«'''^'5,2  and  llei  pieces, 
and  nickel  20^0,  and  5  bom  (centmie)  pieces.  The  metric  system  of  weights  and 
measures  is  used  m  foreign  commerce.  >»o'6"" 

Language: 

Rumaaii^  is  a  language  of  Romance  origin,  closely  reUted  to  the  Utin,  but  abso- 
lutely distmctive  and  separate.    French  is  customarily  used  in  foreign  trade  correspond- 


Consular  Representatives: 

Rumanian  consuls  are  stationed  in  Chicago  and  New  York  City. 

Shippu>£  Routes: 
American  Line. 
Fumess-Prince  Line. 
American-Mediterranean-Levant  Line. 
Cunard  Line. 

Customs  Tariff: 

The  pre-war  tariff  was  divided  into  two  parts,  the  general  (maximum)  and  conven- 
tional (minimum)  tariffs,  which  provided  for  specific  duties  upon  many  classifications  of 
commodities. 

Consular  Regulations: 

There  are  no  documents  required,  nor  any  restrictions  as  to  marks,  weights,  etc. 

Cable  Rates:    From  New  York  or  New  England  States,  10.46  per  word. 

Postal  Rates:    Postal  Union  rates. 

Mail  Time:    About  10  days  to  Bucharest,  from  New  York. 

Parcels  Post: 

Service  extends  to  Rumania.  Limit  of  weight,  22  pounds.  Parcels  may  not  be 
registered. 

Money  Orders:    Issued. 

International  Reply  Coupons:    Valid. 


i.  . 


352 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


RUSSIA 


353 


iiii 


RUSSIA 

In  1914  the  Russian  Empire,  extending  from  the  Baltic  Sea  on  the  west  to  the  Bering 

n  XL'^bLLlTl"  r^r'  ^f  ^'  ^^'  ^"^^  *^^  ^-^^^  Ocean  on         no^    the 
e^T  it^Z  w  '^.   '  r'^'  '""^^'^^  "^^'  ^"^^^th  of  the  land  surface  of  the 

earth.    Its  area  was  more  than  two  and  one-half  times  that  of  the  United  States.    As  a 


result  of  the  revolution  in  1917,  the  vast  territories  of  the  Russian  Empire  have  fallen 
apart.  Detailed  information  with  respect  to  the  New  Russian  States  will  be  found  under 
*hat  title.     (Page  363). 

For  statistical  purposes  this  section  contains  data  on  Russia  as  it  existed  prior  to  the 
revolution,  excluding  Finland  and  Poland,  which  are  separately  treated. 

At  the  present  time  trade  of  the  United  States  with  Russia  is  restricted  under  the 
provisions  of  the  "Trading  With  The  Enemy"  Act  to  those  parts  of  Russia  not  controlled 
by  the  Soviet  Goveniment. 

Russia  is  primarily  an  agricultural  country  and  agriculture  is  the  principal  occupation 
of  about  seven-eights  of  the  population  of  European  Russia.  The  principal  agricultural 
districts  are  the  Baltic  Provinces,  the  Central  Russian  Provinces,  and  Ukrainia.  In  the 
Baltic  Provinces  the  most  important  crops  are  wheat,  potatoes,  flax,  and  fruits.  In  Central 
Russia  rye,  buckwheat,  flax,  and  potatoes  are  cultivated.  Agriculture  is  most  advanced 
and  most  productive  in  the  "  black  earth  zone,"  a  great  part  of  which  is  included  in  Ukrainia. 
The  crops  in  this  zone  include  wheat,  rye,  oats,  corn,  and  barley;  modern  agricultural 
equipment  is  used  extensively  and  livestock  breeding  is  carried  on.  To  the  west  of  this 
zone  in  Bessarabia,  wheat  is  grown  in  great  quantities  and  barley  is  the  second  most  im- 
portant crop.  Fruit,  especially  plums,  is  extensively  produced  and  sunflowers  and  flax 
are  cultivated  for  oil  seeds.  Livestock  breeding  is  also  important.  Tobacco  is  an  ina- 
portant  crop  in  South  Russia  and  the  cultivation  of  the  grape  for  the  production  of  wine  is 
actively  carried  on  in  Caucasia.  Cotton  is  extensively  produced  in  Erivan,  in  Trans- 
caucasia and  in  Turkestan.  Sericulture  is  actively  carried  on  in  Transcaucasia  and  in 
South  Russia. 

In  general,  agriculture  is  not  at  a  high  level  in  Russia  owing  to  the  poverty  of  the 
peasantry.  In  certain  districts  such  as  Ukrainia,  the  Baltic  Provinces,  and  Caucasia 
modern  implements  are  extensively  used  and  scientific  methods  of  agricultural  are  conmion. 
The  wider  dissemination  of  modern  agricultural  methods  is  being  carried  on  by  the  coopera- 
tive societies  which  exist  throughout  Russia. 

The  mineral  wealth  of  Russia  is  extensive,  but  many  of  the  mines  are  located  at  long 
distances  from  the  centers  of  population.  The  principal  mining  districts  of  European 
Russia  are  the  Ural  Mountains  and  Don  Cossack  territory,  the  province  of  Ekaterinoslav, 
and  Caucasia.  The  principal  mineral  products  of  the  Ural  region  are  iron,  coal,  gold, 
platinum,  copper,  precious  stones,  and  salt.  The  mining  industry  of  South  Russia  is  by 
far  the  most  important  and  produces  large  quantities  of  iron  and  coal.  Baku,  on  the 
Caspian  Sea,  is  the  center  of  an  important  petroleum  industry,  while  the  Black  Sea  region 
of  Transcaucasia  produces  large  quantities  of  manganese. 

The  manufacturing  industry  of  Russia  is  relatively  imdeveloped.  The  most  important 
manufactured  products  are  textiles,  the  industry  centering  largely  in  Poland.  The  sugar 
industry  has  been  developed  to  some  extent  as  has  the  manufacture  of  leather  goods,  wood 
products,  and  flour.  A  peculiar  characteristic  of  Russia's  manufactures  is  the  development 
on  a  large  scale  of  domestic  handicrafts.  Out  of  these  domestic  industries  large  factories 
have  grown  which  constitute  one  of  the  most  important  elements  of  Russia's  industrial 
life. 

At  the  present  time  the  railroad  system  of  Russia  is  reported  to  be  in  a  state  of  chaos. 
Formerly  the  system  of  railways  in  European  Russia  and  Caucasia  was  extensive,  and 
communication  with  Siberia  was  kept  open  on  the  Trans-Siberian  Railway. 


I  I 


Ill 


354 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Area  and 

The  foUowing  table  shows  the  area  and 


Populatioii 

the  estimated  population  of  Russia  in  1915.. 


ArchaiSer*''  ^"^^  (including  Ciecaucaaia) 

Aatrakhan.  ;.■;:: 

Bessarabia...        ;: 

y~lV  " 

Chernigov ....  

Courland .'. 

Don,  Province  of 

Esthonia 

Grodno 

Kaluga ::;: 

Kaaan 

Kharkov [[ 

Kherson 

Kholm 

Kiev :; 

Kostroma ....  

Kovno 

Kursk .■.::::■: 

Livonia.  .  .  

■m/r-      1  

Minsk ....  

Moghiiev.:::::::::::: 

Moscow 

Nizhnii  Novgorod 

Novgorod.  .  .  

Olonets 

Orel 

Orenburg 

Perm 

Petrograd 

Podolia : 

pojtava ::::::::;;:: 

Pskov 

Ryazan 

Samara ...  

Saratof  

Simbirsk...:;;; 

Smolensk 

Tambov 

Taurida " ; 

Tula 

Tver ; ; ; 

Ufa ; ; ; 

Vilna.  

Vitebsk.;;; 

Vladmir 

voihynia ;;;; 

Vologda ;;;; 

Voronezh 

Vyatka 

Yaroslavl ; ; ; ; ; 

Yekaterinoslav  

^  .  Ciscaucasia   

Kuban 

SUvropol .  .  

Terek  


Total  Russia  in  Europe 


Russia  in  Asia— Transcaucasia 

B^fum:;:;;;;; 

Black  Sea  Proving 

Daghestan 

Yefisavetpol...      

Erivan  

^r*    "" ^ 

^j«*ro. 

Kutais 

Sukhum 

Tiflis 

Zakataly 


326.063 
91,042 
17,143 
20,232 
10.435 
63.532 
7,605 
14.896 
11.942 
24,587 
21,041 
27,337 
5,213 
19,676 
32,432 
15,518 
17,937 
17,574 
35,220 
18,514 
12,847 
19,789 
45,770 
49.355 
18.042 
73,254 
14,997 
127.502 
17,226 
16,224 
19,265 
16,678 
16,190 
58,320 
32.624 
19,110 
21,624 
25,710 
23,312 
11,954 
24,975 
47,109 
16,181 
16,983 
18,821 
27,699 
155,265 
25.443 
59.329 
13,723 
24.477 

36.645 
20,970 
28,153 


1,997.310 


15.061 

2,693 

3.220 

11.471 

16,991 

10.725 

7,239 

8,145 

2.545 

15.776 

1.539 


,  505.700 
1,427.500 
2.686.600 
3.148.900 
812.300 
4.013.400 
512.500 
2,094.300 
1.497.200 
2.900.400 
3.452.000 
3.806.900 
1.087.800 
4,988,000 
1355,900 
1,871,400 
3,267,200 
1,778.500 
3,070.900 
2.551,400 
3.662,900 
2,081,200 
1,729,300 
476,200 
2,816,200 
2,272.000 
1,940,500 
4,083,200 
3,197,800 
4.127,600 
3,906,200 
1,447,100 
2,795,000 
3,809,800 
3.432,100 
2,124,500 
2,210.200 
3,555,000 
2,133.300 
2.016.000 
2,402,900 
3.139,100 
2.083.200 
1,984,800 
2.225.900 
4.241.800 
1.772.200 
3.087.000 
4.062.000 
1.416.700 
3,537.300 

3,051.200 
1.353,500 
1,314,900 


I 


149.764,000 


1,119,600 
186,000 
201,800 
732,600 

1.117,200 

1.034,800 
403,000 

1,070,300 
147.600 

1.394,800 
101.800 


RUSSIA 


355 


fahk  continued: 


Qovemmenta  and  Provinces 


Area  in 
square  miles 


Population 


"■"'CentrJJRuMia.  Turkestan,  and  Transcaspian  Province: 

j^lunolinsk. 

Scmipal*^"** 


Turgai 

Uralsk 

Ferghana ••• 

gamarcand 

DjT  Dana 

Semiryechensk ........ 

Transcaspian  Province . 

Total  Russia  in  Asia.  ^.  ,      , 

Total  Russian  Empire  excluding  Finland . 


Principal  cities  of  Russia  with  their  populations 


225.074 
178,320 
169,832 
137,679 
55,483 
26,627 
194,147 
144,550 
235,120 


6,294.119 
8.291,429 


1,546,500 

874,900 

706,200 

889,600 

2,169,600 

1,207.400 

2,026,100 

1.281.300 

552,500 


29,141.500 
178,905,600 


Continued  oa  page  355 


European  Russia 

Petrograd 2,318,645 

Moscow 1,817,100 

Odessa 631,040 

Kiev 610,190 

Riga 569,100 

Kharkov 258,360 

Saratov 235,500 

Yekaterinoslav 220,100 

Rostov-on-Don 204,290 

Kaian 195,300 

Ivanovo-Voinesensk . . .  168,498 

.\strakhan 163,800 

Orenburg 146,800 

Samara 144,000 

Tula 140,620 

Reval 137,600 

Kishinev 128,700 

Yaroslavl 120,400 

Minsk 117,600 

Niihnii-Novgorod 112,300 

Dvinsk 110,912 

Vitebsk 108.900 

NikoUyev 106,279 

Gomel 104,582 

Ufa 106,200 

Perm 105,410 

TsaritssTJ 100,817 

Kremenchug 98,895 

Kherson 98,540 

Byelostok 98,170 

Orel 97,200 

Zhitomir 96,800 

Voronesh 94,800 

Kovno 92,810 

Libau 90,744 

Kursk 89,800 

Simferopol 84,170 

Penza 83,100 

Poltava 82,100 

Berdichev 79,151 

Smolensk 76,000 

Yelisavetgrad 75,800 

Kostroma 73,820 

Mohilev-on-Dniepr 72,500 

Tambov 71,400 

Simbirsk 70.600 

Chelyabinsk 70,472 

Yekaterinburg 70,000 

Novocherkask 69,820 

Cronstadt 68,273 

Taganrog 68,091 

Grodno 64,100 

Tver 64,100 

Brest-Litovsk 63,579 

Nikolskoye 62,607 

Sebastopol 61,849 

Byelaya  Tserkov 60.600 

Vyatka 60,100 

Yelet« 58.000 


Kaluga 

j\ercn .......•«•.••••■ 

LiUganslc  ••...•...•>.. 

Mariupol 

Nakhichevan-on-Don . . 

Nyeshin 

Kameneta-Podolsk 

Alexandrovsk  (Yek  ) . . . 

Kamenskaya 

Sumy 

Kozlov 

Ryazan 

Yuzovka 

Vinnitsa 

Syzran 

Mitava 

Nizhne-Tagilsk 

Yuriev 

Arkhangelsk 

Vladimir 

Theodosia 

Alexandrovsk-Grun- 

shevsk 

Bobruisk 

Cherkassy 

Vologda 

Serpukhov 

Pavlograd 

Proskurov 

Akkerman 

Berdyansk 

Sormovo 

Izhevsk 

X^aUSIL  ■•■•■••••••••••• 

Bendery 

Chernigov 

X^olLl/v  •  ••••••••••••••• 

Buturlinovka 

Romny 

TroitsK 

Amur-Nizhnednie- 

provsk 

Volsk 

Kamenskoye 

Tiraspol 

Rovno 

Zlatoust 

Motovilikha 

Polonnoye 

Mohilev-on-Dniestr. . . 

Izmail 

Rybinsk 

Akhtyrka 

Morshansk 

Vyaznia 

Priluki 

Azov 

Polotsk 

f  Kolomna 


56,900 
55,883 
55,528 
54,528 
54,012 
52,963 
52,000 
51,604 
50,614 
50,391 
50,225 
50,224 
49,600 
48,504 
47,841 
47,744 
46,800 
45,179 
44.140 
43,600 
43,522 
43,114 

42,542 
42,309 
42,062 
41,600 
41,578 
41,160 
40,611 
40.400 
40,292 
40,243 
39,370 
38,686 
38,631 
38,400 
38,300 
38,066 
37,328 
36,830 

36.450 
36,134 
35,450 
35,242 
34.923 
34.245 
33.491 
33,342 
32,604 
32,414 
32,127 
31.918 
31,802 
31.247 
31.153 
31.111 
31,111 
31,100 


Tsarskoye  Selo , 

Petrikovka , 

XTaIsLLIIJ  •■•••••••••■•I 

Bryansk 

Novgorod , 

Kholm , 

Petrozavadsk 

Caucasia 

-a-  lUlS ••••••••< 

Baku 

Saliany 

Yekaterinodar 

Vladikavkaz 

Novorosslisk 

Stavropol 

Yelizavetpol 

Kutais 

Maikop 

Yeisk 

Balakhany-Sabunchi . 

Alexandropol 

Armavir 

Batum 

Shusha 

Nukha 

Labinskaya 

Pyatigorsk 

Groznyi 

Erivan •. . 

Khunzakh 

Temir-Khan-Shura .  . 

Derbent 

Romanovskii 

xVckrs  •••...••••■•■■• 
Sukhum 


Siberia 

Irkutsk 

Tomsk 

Vladivostok 

Krasnoyarsk 

Chita 

Blagovyeschensk . 

Khabarovsk 

Tobolsk 

Yakutsk 


Central  Asia 

Tashkent 

Omsk 

Samarkand 

Askhabad 

Uralsk 

Vyemyi. 

Semipalatinsk 

Kustanai 

Skobelev 


31,089 
30,881 
30,707 
30.526 
30,440 
28,400 
24,400 
18,800 


327,800 
237,000 
129,904 
107,360 
79,343 
66.700 
64,700 
63,400 
53,900 
52,599 
51,750 
50,131 
48,938 
47,023 
46,000 
42,687 
41,804 
35,519 
35,307 
34,067 
34,000 
35,539 
33,100 
32,718 
31,632 
27,500 
25,600 


129,700 
116,664 
91,464 
87,600 
79,200 
62,500 
51.300 
25,200 
10.800 


272,300 
135,800 
97,600 
53,900 
47,880 
41,600 
34,600 
29,000 
14,090 


i\ 


■ 


!. 


;" 


S^  .. 


356 


EXPORTERS  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Commerce 
for  ItlyZ".  '"'"'  '"'"'^  *"""'  °'  ""  """^"^  ^"^"^  '^"'  «"^'*  '"  ^"^PO  '"'d  Asia 


Year 

ended 

June 

30 


Exports 


Domestic 


Foreign 


Total 


1909 

1910 

1911 

1912 

1913 

1914 

1915 

1916 

1917 

1918 

1919 


Imports 


Free 


»17.108,138 

17.730.414 

24,328,926 

22,605,137 

26,414,605 

31,253,254 

59,138,163 

309,752,822 

553,898,114 

150,860,162 


Dutiable 


Total 


$160,771 
99,397 

375,123 

117,351 

50,609 

49,895 

1.689,368 

490,068 
4,996,331 

563,725 


I 


$17,268,909 

17,829,811 

24,704,049 

22,722.488 

26.465,214 

31,303,149 

60,827,531 

310,242,890 

558,894,445 

151.423,887 

52,845,7751 


$9,066,695 

12,828,660 

8,570,834 

17,210,075 

23,278,472 

20,260,250 

2,894,799 

5,532,601 

7,130,800 

15,752,096 


$2,778,221 
4,548,552 
3,632,628 
4,900,425 
6,036,745 
3,059,907 
499,241 
1.384,243 
2,333,464 
3,044.393 


Value  of  the  total  foreign  trade  of  the 
(Includes  Finland  prior  to  1911). 


$11,844,916 

17,377,212 

12,203.462 

22.110.500 

29,315,217 

23,320,157 

3,394,040 

6,916,844 

9,464,264 

18,796,489 

6,664.275 


Per  cent 
free 


75.46 
73.82 
70.23 
77.84 
79.41 
86.88 
85.29 


75.34 
83.27 


Excess  of 
exports  (♦) 

or 
importa  (-) 


*$5,423.993 

^    ♦452.599 

♦12,500,587 

♦611,988 

-2,850.003 

♦7,982.992 

♦57,433.491 

♦303,326,046 

♦549,430.181 

+132,627,398 

♦52.181.500 


United  States  with  Russia  in  Europe  for  11  years: 


Year 

ended 

June 

30 


Exports 


Domestic 


Foreign 


Total 


Imports 


Free 


1909 
1910 
1911 
1912 
1913 
1914 
1915 
1916 
1917 
1918 
1919 


Dutiable 


$15,474,250 

16,695,805 

23,157,347 

21,400,497 

25,315,679 

30,039.887 

36.645.276 

178.244.248 

428.185.412 

116,274,926 


Total 


$158,925 

94,125 

366,920 

115,163 

48,116 

48,756 

829,104 

450,552 

502,695 

430,420 


$15,633,175 

16,789,930 

23,524,267 

21,515,660 

25.363.795 

30.088,643 

37.474,380 

178,694,800 

428,688,107 

116,705.346 

11.390.4.57 


$8,605,786 

12.252,676 

7.894,006 

16,591,274 

21,942,840 

18,410,582 

2,242,402 

2,817.953 

4,592,012 

12.371,947 


$2,445,785 

3.943,478 

3,110,158 

4,075,649 

5,015,850 

2,420.602 

269.979 

796.033 

854.083 

2,774,879 


$11,051,571 

16,196,154 

11,004,164 

20.666.923 

26.958.690 

20.831.184 

2.512.381 

3.613,986 

5.446.095 

15.140.826 

2.927.4341 


Per  cent 
free 


Excess  of 
exports  (♦) 

or 
imports  (-) 


77.87 
75.65 
71.73 
80.28 
81.39 
88.38 
89.25 
77.97 
84  32 
81.68 


♦$4,581,604 

+593.776 

+12.520,103 

+848,737 

-1,594,895 

+9,257.459 

+34.961.999 

+175.080.814 

+423.242.012 

+101,558.520 

+8.463.023 


Value  of  the  total  trade  of  the  United  States  with  Russia  in  Asia  for 


11  years: 


Year 

ended 

June 

30 


Exports 


Domestic 


Foreign 


Total 


1909 
1910 
1911 
1912 
1913 
1914 
1915 
1916 
1917 
1918 
1919 


Imports 


Free 


Dutiable 


$1,633,888 

l,a34,609 

1,171,579 

1,204.640 

1.09S.926 

1.213.367 

22.492.887 

131.018.276 

125,712,702 

34,585,236 


$1,846 

5,272 

8,203 

2,188 

2,493 

1,139 

860,264 

93,516 

4,493,636 

133,305 


$1,635,734 

1,039,881 

1.179,782 

1,206.828 

1.101,419 

1.214.506 

23.353.151 

131.111.792 

130.206.338 

34.718,M1 

41,455,457 


Total 


Per  cent 
free 


Excess  of 
exports  (♦) 

or 
imports  (-) 


$460,909 

575,984 

676,828 

618,801 

1,335,632 

1,849,668 

652,397 

1,714,648 

2.538.78S 

3,380.149 


$332,436 
605,074 
522,470 
824,776 

1,020,895 
639,305 
229,262 
588,210 

1.479..381 
269,514 


$793,345 
1,181,0.58 
1,199,298 
1,443,577 
2,356.527 
2,488.973 
881,659 
2,302,858 
4,018,169 
3,649,663 
2,7.36.841 


58.10 
48.77 
56.43 
42.87 
56.68 
74.32 
74.00 
74.46 
63.18 
92.62 


♦$842,389 

-141.177 

-19.516 

-236.749 

-1.2.55.108 

-1.274.407 

+22,471,402 

+128,808,934 

+126.188.169 

♦31.068.878 

+38.718,r,16 


the  SnCdtf^pfrnd/"'"  ''"  "^  ''''  "'"^  ^'^^'  ^  -<»  ^-'-''.  -'"<""^ 


Years 


Imports 


Exports 


Years 


1911 

1912. 

1913. 


$593,628,700 
598.789.800 
702,114,000 


Imports 


Exports 


$813,205,400 
776,157,900 
776,771,100 


1914 
1915 
1916 


$588,078,000 
569.254.000 
589,183,000 


$488,567,100 
202,969,200 
205,422,000 


RUSSIA 


357 


Imports  and  exports  to  and  from  Europe  through  European  and  Black  Sea  frontiers, 
and  trade  with  Finland  by  principal  classifications: 


Articles 


1915 


1916 


1917 
Jan. — June 


Exports: 

Articles  of  food _. . . . 

Raw  and  half-manufactured  articles 

Animals 

Manufactured  goods 

Total 

Imports: 

Articles  of  food 

Raw  and  half-manufactured  articles 

Animals 

Manufactured  goods 

Total 


$87,093,195 

67,281,145 

2,575 

7,275,405 


$161,652,320 


38,922,670 

153,130,100 

448,050 

154,680,250 


$347,181,070 


$80,082,500 

150,946,500 

103,000 

14,214,000 


$245,346,000 


65.662.500 

299.627.000 

309,000 

518,399,000 


$883,997,500 


$11,134,815 

37,589,850 

2,060 

8,532,005 


$57,258,730 


21.706,220 

103.464.530 

96.820 

178,095.755 


$303,363,325 


Value  of  imports  from  principal  countries  of  origin  through  European,  and  Black  Sea 
frontiers  and  from  Finland,  for  3  years :  


Imports  from 


1914 


1915 


1916 


Germany 

United  Kingdom 
United  States . . . 

France 

Austria-H  ungarj' 

Finland 

China 

Italv 

Netherlands.  .  .  . 

Egypt 

East  Indies 

Norway 

Belgium 

Turkey 

Denmark 

Switzerland 

Sweden 

Other  countries . 


$215,165,455 

86,189,370 

39,664,270 

22,108,435 

12,093,230 

27,666,830 

9,416,260 

7.725,515 

10,003,875 

3,875,890 

12,605,140 

3,448,955 

2,819,625 

4,892,500 

3.768,255 

1,849,880 

5,703.110 

9,943.105 


$12,204,470 

117,301,550 

77,775,815 

14,829.425 

735.935 

47,255,885 

11,527,760 

4,216,305 

4,252,355 

86,520 

3,851,685 

3,060.645 

295,540 

306,940 

3,694,610 

2,007,470 

27,933,600 

15,843,460 


$4,667,960 

317,337,850 

217,528.275 

87.058.665 

1,250,935 

109,282,485 

17,812.820 

5.282,870 

4.061.290 


8.031.940 
15.285.200 


6,012,110 

5,846,280 

47.056,580 


Imports  and  exports  through  the  four  frontiers  of  Russia  for  five  years: 


1912 


1913 


1914 


1915 


1916 


Exports 

Through  European  frontier 

Through  Black  Sea  frontier  of  Cau- 
casus   

Trade  with  Finland. 

Through  Asiatic  frontier 

Total 

Imports 

From  European  frontier 

Through  Black  Sea  frontier  of  Cau- 
casus   

Trade  with  Finland 

From  Asiatic  frontier 

Total 


$647,845,800 

56,516,600 
25,345,600 
46,398,800 


$776,106,800 


$495,618,900 

11,037,600 
23,097,200 
69,036,100 


$629,960,800 

67,911,900 
28,258,300 
50,691,200 


$360,817,100 

53.297.300 
28,462,700 
45,990,000 


$598,789,800 


$776,822,200 


$58,759,300 

9.351,300 
28,616,000 
78,438,500 


$702,161,100 


$92,644,300 


67.758.600 
42,566,300 


$133,371,000 


$488,567,100 


$436,547,300 

11.446.400 
31.886.400 
81.197.900 


$561,078,000 


$202,969,200 


$219,270,100 

715,400 
124,530,700 
224,737,800 


$569,254,000 


106,799,000 
63,655,000 


$293,825,000 


$729,708,000 

1,533,000 
188,559,000 
570,950,000 


$1,4054250,000 


If 


358 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKET!, 


^IWpal  ur.porta  though  Eu^pean  and  Blade  Sea  fronts  and  from  Finland  for 


Articles  of  food  and  ■wifnali : 

Cereal  crope 

■ttice 

Fruits,  vegetables,  and  nuts. . '.!.".'."" 

s°?** .'.■ 

*  '^^  •••••.. ••• 

Tobacco 

Sbirits  and  wines 

*  wn 

^°»Faia :.;;;: 

Various 


Total. 


Animal  products: 

Leather,  hides,  and  skins . 
Various 


Total. 


$5,358,060 
1,939.490 
7.867.655 
2.884.000 

16,528.410 

680.830 

6,483.850 

12.267.815 
1,242,180 
8.238.970 


$63,491,260 


21.206.155 
12,694.235 


$223,510 

48.410 

2.750.100 

4.509.855 

17,905.005 

622,725 

1.873,570 

3,235,650 

448.050 

7.633.845 


Timber  and  wooden  goods . . . , 

Ceramics 

Fuel,  asphalt,  gum,  and  resin: 

Coal  and  Coke 

Caoutchouc  and  gutta-percha. 
Various 


Total. 


Chemicals  and  colors: 

Chemicals 

Colours 

Various 


Total. 


$33,900,390 

17.324,085 
10,527,630 

27,043.680 

15.430.945 

4.609,250 


$39,150,720 


22.884.025 
3,698.215 


$15,450 

"2,629'.675' 
27,058.615 

13,184,666  ■ 


Ores,  metals,  and  metal-goods : 

Raw  metals 

Metal  goods 

Machinery 

Various 


$47,083,875 


12,479,995 
6,216,950 
6.285.575 


$26,582,240 

8,855.425 
2,794,905 

7.659.595 

16.604.115 

2,855,160 


$42,887,140 
61,024,925 


$61,024,925 

19,621,500 
7.107,000 

24,088,095 


Total . 


Paper  and  paper  goods 

Textile: 

Raw  cotton 

Raw  silk .'. . 

Raw  wool 

Cotton  yarn 

Wool  yarn 

Cotton  and  other  textile  goods  '. 
Various 


$23,982,520 


28,350,235 
23,743,560 
64,818,415 
27,107,025 


$27,118,870 


18,377,775 
2,634.225 
6,859.285 


$24,088,095 


Total. 

Clothes. .  . 


$144,019,235 

17,598,580 

45,580.590 

10.183.610 

20.497.515 

3.560.195 

6.852.075 

23.674.550 

9,013,015 

$119,361,550 
6,351,495 


$27,871,286 


38,020,905 

6,460,700 

23,288,210 

30,828,415 


$98,598,230 
24.420.270 

21.990.500 

6.152,190 

3,741.475 

1,474,960 

629,330 

22,324,220 
8,003,615 


92,851,925 
43,533.465 
63,983,085 


$64,316,290 
4,680,835 


$200,368,475 

55.053,500 

7,883.620 

10.937.570 

16.996.030 

2.069.785 

2.620,835 

56,026.205 


$95,534,045 
8.806.500 


Principal  grain  exports  from  European  Russia,  Caucasus  and  to  Finland  for  3  y 


ears: 


Articles 


1914 


1915 


1916 


Wheat 

Rye 

Barley 

Oats 

Maize 

Other  grain  products . 


tons 
753.600 
372.800 
1,929,600 
268,800 
278.400 
790.400 


Total. 


4.393.600 


value 

$84,408,500 

9,939.500 

48.616,000 

7.261.500 

6.489.000 

23,329.500 


$180.044.000 


tons 

177.600 

92,800 

6,400 

1.600 

3li2',666 


value 

$9,579,000 

6,047,000 

206.000 

103.000 

51,500 

20.033.500 


590.400  I  $35,020,000 


tons ' 

228,800 

99,200 

3,200 

320 

3,200 

342,400 


677,120 


value 

$15,089,500 

5,613,500 

154,500 

20,600 

103.000 

33.838,500 


$54,819,600 


RUSSIA 


359 


Principal  exports  through  European  and  Black  Sea  frontiers  and  to  Finland  for 
three  years: 


Exports 


1914 


1915 


1916 


Corn,  floxir.  buckwheat,  etc . 

Eggs • 

Dairy  produce ■ 

Sugar •. 

Fi5i  and  caviar 

Tobacco 

Cigarettes 

Meat 

Alcohol,  gin  and  wines .  .  .  • 
Various 


$180,115,585 

30,124,925 

24,894,585 

3,372,735 

2,156,305 

1,461,055 

578,860 

2.614,140 

1,216,430 

6,886,580 


Articles  of  food. 


$253,421,200 


53,776,300 
15,490,170 
36,359,000 


Timber  and  wooden  goods 

NaphUia  and  naphtha  oils 

nil^ek ::::::::::  ::'.:'./.;!"./.'.'.i'."... I   11.623,550 

Oleaginous  and  other  grams i^  447  qS 

Furs  and  leather 6:637,320 

2,894,300 

2,387,025 

291,490 

3.412,905 

11.501,495 


$35,016,395 

7.369,135 

32,051,540 

5,318,405 

947,085 

466,075 

698,340 

677,740 

683,405 

3,865,075 


Hemp 

Bristle 

8Uk 

Raw  metals  (chiefly  platmum) 
Various 


Raw  and  semi-manuf acttired  goods . 
Animals 


Gutta  percha  and  rubber . 

Cottons 

Metallic  goods 

w  ooiens •••••••••..•..•* 

Various 

Manufactured  goods . 


$169,815,070 
6.652,770 

2,661.520 
651,475 

1,457,450 
884,770 

5,691,265 


$87,093,195 

14,054,350 
1,614,525 

19,948,010 
2,276,815 
1,416,250 
6,594,060 
2,616,200 
2,567,790 
439,295 
5.150 
6,582,730 
9,163,395 


$11,346,480 


$67,278,570 

2,575 

982,105 
467,105 

1,052,145 
406,850 

4,367,200 


$7,275,405 


$64,901,060 

3,408,785 

11,845 

5.884,905 

"i.  704, 135 

'396,035 
3,142,015 


$69,448,780 

29,430,190 

2,439.040 

457,388,925 

3,154,890 

6,078,545 

■  8.370.8i6 

4.768,385 

1,369,385 

721,515 


$A3,721,685 


801,340 

650,960 

2,411.230 

53.045 


$3,916,575 


Value  of  exports  to  principal  countries  of  destination  through  European,  Black  Sea 
frontiers  and  to  Finland  for  3  years: 


Exports 


1914 


1915 


1916 


Germany 

United  Kingdom. 
Netherlands .... 

France 

Italy 

Finland 

Belgium 

Austria-Hungary 

Denmark 

Turkey 

Roumania 

Norway 

Spain 

Sweden 

United  States . . . 

Egypt 

Other  countries . 


$128,134,575 

97.057.930 

48,768,440 

28,652,540 

20,896,025 

28,700,950 

25,332,335 

20.037,620 

9,206,140 

7,522,605 

6,558,940 

2,598,690 

3,492,215 

3,272,310 

4,482,045 

2,140,855 

9,189.145 


$77,485,870 

1,030 

8.538,700 

94,245 

68,304,450 

$92,316,840 

535,600 

33,257,155 

350,715 

102,544,740 

212,180 

910,520 

1.709.800 

226,600 

1,195,315 

2,358,185 
1,686,110 

3,179,095 
7.193,520 

1,035,150 

li 


360 


,^XPORTER^AZETTEBR  OF  FQREIOff  MARKETS 


AgricuUure:  Production  and  Industry 

Production  of  cereals  and  potatoes  in  Ruaeia  for  1915  and  1916  in  tons: 


1915 


1916 


Wheat  (winter). 
Wheat  (summer) 

R}^  (winter) 

Rye  (summer) .  . 


7,044,800 

14,934.400 

22,144.000 

432.000 


5,216,000 
6.464.000 

}20,736,000 


1915 


1916 


Oats.... 
Barley.  . 
Various . 
Potatoes 


12,724,800 

37,648,400 

6.014.400 

22,011.200 


11.952,000 
7,440,000 


*,^-«,,vw  wuH,DucKwneat,  268,000  tons- harlAv  ftQftnnn*  tT    ^'""''^'^  '^"»;  puiae, 

amounted  to  8,240,000  toM     TlOl^^hP-^       I'^o^'^*    Potatoes  produced  in  1918 
tons  of  tobacco.  ^^^  ^^^"^  ^"^  ^^^ll  acres  which  produced  116,700 

Cotton  pr^uction  in  Central  Russian  Asia  and  Tr.n...„....  for  two  years  in  tons: 


1915-1916 


Central  Russian  Asia. 
Transcaucasia 


1916-1917 


Total. 


295.440 
27,712 

323.152 


217.152 
16.112 

233.264 


'^^^^^^^^^."^•^  "^ "  •"»' 


1903-1904 
1904-1905 
1905-1906 
1906-1907 
1907-1908 
1908-1909 
1909-1910 
1910-1911 


1,322,254 
1,182.301 
1,330,764 
1,316,323 
1,534,763 
1,374,417 
1,374,269 
1,667,962 


1.144.738 
922.533 
962.819 
1.427.703 
1.368,931 
1,233.723 
1,262,133 
2.108,599 


1911-1912.  . 
1912-1913.  .  ; 
1913-1914. 
1914-1915.  . 

1915-1916.     

1916-1917. 
1917-1918  (estimated)", 


1,946.539 
1,887.078 
1.790,795 
1.882.359 
1,810,018 
1.693.743 


2,025.931 
1,344,300 
1,667,952 
1.947,418 
1,648.254 
1.388,484 
1.083.343 


Forestry: 

Canc^f TS^'l^i'^Tn  Xillndr'T'"^  "^  °'  "^■'^•'^  --■  -<1  with 
50,500,000).     The  toteU^  of  the  ^t^?     T*"  """^  ^•'*'''»"  "^^  "^^  ^  inland, 

and  Poland  288,496S  a.^,1ft.u  f^  rZar  "'"°"' "  T*'     ^""'-«'  «-» 
000,   of  wUch  8,309,500  acr,4werelS.^Trr*^P'°'***''^''"<='^"«  13,202,- 

with  274,959,300  exploited.      The  t^Sl^  f^?  '^'^  ^'"^  ^^  637,282,300  acrea 
515,527,500  are  exploited  '°'^'  "^  ''  938,981,600  acres  of  which 

Mines  and  Metals: 

The  mineral  resources  of  Russia  are  verv  invaf      r^-i  •  .,  •    « 

Urals,  Poland,  Central  Russia,  the  CaucI^S  ^A  a  f-  ^^  "^  ^"*^  ^'^^>  *he 
at  Baku,  Gi^zny,  Cheleken,  Mlilop,  Fo^Za  and  E^^^^  ''"^"\  J'^"  ^  °^^  ^^'^^ 
about  90  per  cent  of  the  worid'ssuppl/oMathi^^  ^I"^^'   ^"^^  ^"^^^ 

estensively  developed  within  recenf yL^  and^o^  ^^  "^'^i  "f^  '"^^  ^^"^'"^  *^^  ^° 
producedintheBdticprovincesandotSocaUt^^^  '^"*'"'^  '"""^^^  ^^  *^^« 


RUSSIA 


361 


Mineral  production  for  1912,  the  last  year  for  which  complete  statistics  are  available 
was  gold,  156,756  tr.  pounds;  platinum,  12,117  tr.  pounds;  silver,  48,305  tr.  pounds;  lead 
1,361  tons;  zinc,  13,433  tons;  copper,  28,723  tons;  pig  iron,  4,617,800  tons;  iron  and  steel, 
4,099,700  tons;  coal,  34,001,000  tons;  naphtha,  10,186,000  tons;  and  salt,  2,096,000  tons. 

Coal  production  of  principal  coal  fields  for  3  years  in  tons :  • 


District 

1912 

1913 

1914 

Q/Mitk  RlUMIA 

20,091,840 

6,286,400 

760,000 

201,000 

52.720 

1.600,000 

24,700,640 

6,820,960 

1,175,360 

293,440 

68,480 

27,409,600 

PnlanH             

3.776.000 

TTpal                  

1.417.600 

r*^niTti\   TfllAAlA     

296.960 

65.280 

Russia  in  Asia 

Total     

29,022,560 

33,058,880 

32.965,440 

Pig  iron  production  for  5  years,  in  tons: 


District 

1912 

1913 

1914 

1915 

1916 

South  Russia 

2.774.064 

809,424 

132,624 

1.008 

383.120 

3,035,200 
892,800 
188,800 

2,979,200 
838,400 
168,000 

2,680.640 
804,368 
118,352 

2,818.368 

Ural 

831.464 

(Central  Russia 

155.104 

North  and  N   W   Russia 

Poland 

Total 

4.100.240 

4,116,800 

3,985.600 

3,603,360 

3,804,936 

Iron  and  steel  produced  in 

the  same  districts  for  5 

years,  in  tons: 

District 

1912 

1913 

1914 

1915 

1916 

South  Russia 

2,048,992 
631,072 
157,888 
165,648 
245,760 
394,192 

2,256.640 
6,52,960 
190,400 
161,120 
263.040 

2,303,840 
649,600 
190.400 
162.240 
253,120 

2,010,400 
644,320 
178,880 
148,320 
207.520 

2,084,848 

Ural 

655,792 

Central  Russia 

176,160 

Volga  Region 

145,088 

N.  and  Baltic  Reition 

231,908 

Poland... 

Total 

3,643,552 

3,524.160 

3,559,200 

3,189,440 

3,293.792 

Oil  production  of  principal  fields  for  5 

years,  in  tons: 

District 

1911 

1912 

1913 

1914 

1915 

Baku  district 

7.376 

1,200 

192 

128 

48 

7,504 

1,040 

192 

144 

64 

16 

7,392 

1,184 

208 

80 

16 

112 

6.688 

1,568 

176 

64 

32 

272 

7,136 

Grozny 

1,406 

Cheleken '..'.'.'..'.'.'...,'..'.. 

176 

Maikop 

128 

Ferghana 

32 

Uralsk  (Emba) 

272 

Total 

8.944 

8,960 

8,992 

8,800 

9.152 

Production  of  the  Baku  oil  fields  in  barrels  of  42  gallons  each:  1913,  56,640,000;  1914, 
50,928,000;   1916,  57,180,000;   1917,  48,276,000. 


4 


'-il 


.,^X 


362 


EXPORTERS  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


RUSSIA 


363 


Salt  production  for  5  years,  in  tons: 


Classification 

1908 

1909 

1910 

1911 

1912 

Rock  salt 

499.888 
912.656 
423.584 

523,920 

1,213,312 

485,776 

514,496 

1,035,792 

469,792 

551.808 
917.856 
497.376 

From  salt  marshes 

524.160 

From  brine  by  evaporation 

784,640 

526,080 

Total 

1,836,128 

2,223.008 

2.020.080 

1.967,040 

~ — 

1,834.880(1) 

Wote:.    ®  Total  production  in  1913,  1,947,200  tons. 

Fisheries: 

The  fisheries  of  Russia,  although  the  third  largest  in  the  world,  do  not  produce  a 
sufficient  quantity  for  the  needs  of  the  population,  and  cod  fish  and  herrings  are  imported 
to  the  amount  of  about  $17,000,000  yearly.  The  principal  products  of  the  fisheries  exported 
are  caviar  and  sturgeon.  Production  of  fisheries,  1913,  1,292,500,000  pounds;  1914,  996  - 
500,000  pounds.  ' 

Manufactures: 

In  1915  there  were  in  European  Russia,  exclusive  of  Poland,  and  the  Caucasus,  14,040 
manufacturmg  establishments  employing  1,960,860  persons. 
Details  of  the  industrial  census  of  1908: 


Group  of  Manufactures  according  toestablished^Iassification 

Number  of 
Factories 

Employees  of 
both  sexes 

Engine  Power 
in  h.p. 

Cotton 

986 
1,037 
277 
275 
384 

512.800 

149.800 

33,700 

90,400 

36,300 

Wool 

8Uk !  ■.;::::: : 

Flax,  hemp,  jute 

384,000 

94.100 

8.300 

Fibrous  articles  and  other  materials 1 !....!!,.!..!! . 

51,300 
11,900 

Total  for  textile  industry 

2.959 

823,300 

549,700 

Metal  working: 

Manufacture  of  machines,  tools,  plant. . . 

1,951 

186 

17 

176 

248,700 

195.400 

22.300 

85.400 

206,500 

Metallurgical  industry 

Factories  attached  to  Naval  Dept 

319,200 
37,300 
27.000 

Railway  workshops !.!!!!!!! 

Total  for  metal-working  enterprises 

2.330 

551.900 

590,200 

Ahmentary  substances: 

Not  liable  to  excise 

3,043 

4,.563 

342 

92.800 

263.300 

30.500 

Paying  excise 

196,200 

Government  spirit  depots .'!!...','!!.'! 

180,100 
10.800 

Total  for  group  preparing  alimentary  substances 

7,948 

386,800 

387.100 

Manufacture  of  paper,  polygraphic  products,  etc 
Wood-finishing  and  manufacture  of  articles  from  wood 
Prepanng  articles  from  mineral  products.  . 

1,333 
1.902 
1.621 
1,153 
476 
323 

65 

80.000 
93.700 
135.500 
62,800 
64.800 
42.600 

4,700 

86,600 
76.700 
44.500 

Preparing  animal  products 

Chemical  products 

18,300 

Production  and  purifying  of  naphtha. 

52.700 
113.100 

158.200 

Other  miscellaneous  manufactures  (hydraulic  and  electricaJ 
stations) 

Total  for  miscellaneoiis  manufactures 

6,773 

492,400 

549.400 

^°1*908™^"^^'^^  *'^®°  "^  '°  *^®  ®'**®  Registration  of 

20.010 
19.856 

2.254,500 

387,800 
37,300 

In  addition  to  the  above:                      

ill  ]?"*^"?**?°  o' coal  and  gold,  mines  and  quarries 
(2)  Techmcal  institutions  of  the  Ministry  of  War 

2,076,500 
185.900 

Total 

39.866 

2,679,600 

2.262,500 

In  1915-1916  there  were  803  distilleries  (3,020  in  1913-1914)  which  produced  11,970,000 
gallons  of  alcohol  (140,812,000  gaUons  in  1913-1914).  There  were  in  1916,  235  sugar 
factories  in  Russia,  excluding  Poland,  which  produced  1,388,484  tons  of  beet  sugar. 

Railways: 

Total  length,  1913,  46,573  miles,  of  which  35,987  miles  were  in  European  Russia, 
10,586  in  Asiatic  Russia.    Government  lines  amounted  to  33,928  miles. 
Telegraph: 

Length  of  line  1913,  134,036  mUes;  of  wire  476,177  miles. 
Rivers  and  Canals: 

Of  a  total  of  153,782  miles  of  rivers,  canals  and  lakes  in  European  Russia,  20,670  miles 
are  navigable  for  steamers,  and  7,482  miles  for  sailing  vessels.    In  Asiatic  Russia,  of  a 
total  of  86,422  miles,  21,421  miles  are  navigable  by  steamers  and  8,678  miles  for  sailing 
vessels. 
Money,  Weights  and  Measures : 

The  legal  unit  of  Russian  currency  is  the  silver  rouble  of  100  kopecks  with  a  par  value 
of  $0,515  U.  S.  currency.  Gold  coins  are  the  imperial  and  half  imperial  of  15  and  7.5  roubles; 
also  10-rouble  and  5-rouble  pieces.    There  were  notes  of  500,  100,  50,  25,  10  and  5  roubles. 

The  metric  or  English  system  of  weights  and  measures  is  customarily  employed  in 

foreign  trade.    The  native  weights  and  measures  are: 

1  acre  ^^  0.37  dessiatines 
1  dollar  =  1.94  roubles  in  gold 
1    metric   ton    =    61    Russian  poods 
American  pounds 


36.1  American 


2204.7 


1  mile  =  1.508  versts 
1  square  mile  =  2.227  square  versts 
1  long  ton  =  62.03  Russian  poods  =  2.240  Amer- 
ican pounds 


1  dessiatine  «  2.705  acres 

1  roubie  in  gold  =  51.46  cents 

1  pood   s  40  Russian  pounds 
pounds  ' 

1  verst  -  0.663  miles 

1  square  verst  ■■  0.44  square  miles 

1  short  ton  -  ,55.38  Russian  poods  »  2,000  Amer- 
ican pounds 

Language : 

Russian  is  the  language  of  the  people.    German  and  French  are  ordinarily  used  in 
commercial  correspondence. 
Shipping  Routes: 

American-Mediterranean-Levant  Line  to  Odessa  and  Batum. 

Owing  to  restrictions  in  force  regarding  trade  with  Russia,  and  the  existing  uncertain 
political  conditions  in  that  country,  regular  service  to  Russia  has  not  been  resumed  by 
most  lines.     Ships  are  put  on  by  several  lines  when  cargo  offers. 
Customs  Tariff: 

A  temporary  tariff  has  been  in  effect  since  1915.    There  are  over  two  hundred  articles 
enumerated  in  the  tariff  list  and  the  duties  are  specific. 
Consular  Regulations :  No  consular  documents  are  required. 
Cable  Rates:  Forty-three  cents  per  word  from  New  York  or  New  England  states. 
Postal  Rates :  Postal  Union  rates. 

Mail  Time:  To  Petrograd,  10  days;  to  Moscow  and  Odessa,  11  days. 
Parcels  Post:  Service  does  not  extend  to  Russia. 
Money  Orders:  Issued. 
International  Reply  Coupons:  Not  issued. 

THE  NEW  RUSSIAN  STATES 

As  a  result  of  the  Russian  revolution,  what  was  formerly  the  Russian  Empire  was 
shattered  and  its  territories  are  in  dispute  among  various  contending  factions.  The  most 
important  of  these  factions  are  as  follows: 

(1)  the  All-Russian  Government  until  recently  at  Omsk,  and  headed  by  General 
Denikine,  in  opposition  to  (2)  the  Russian  Federative  Republic,  or  Soviet  Government; 


.^ 


364 


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EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


RUSSIA 


365 


(3)  a  number  of  independent  or  quasi-independent  states.    The  stability  of  certain  of  these 
stat^  IS,  at  present,  an  unknown  quantity;  their  boundaries  are  undetermined  and  con- 
stantly shifting,  and  statistical  data  concerning  them  are,  in  the  majority  of  instances 
absolutely  lackmg.    Following  is  a  list  of  these  states: 
Finland: 

The  former  Grand-duchy  of  Finland  proclaimed  its  independence  on  July  20,  1917- 
Its  independence  was  recognized  by  Great  Britain  on  May  6, 1919,  and  by  the  United  Stated 
on  May  7,  1919.    For  complete  data  see  page  257. 
Poland: 

The  independence  of  Poland  has  been  recognized  by  the  Allies  and  the  United  States 
The  boundanes  of  the  new  state  of  Poland  have  not  been  finally  determined.  The 
temtones  as  yet  unadjusted  include:  (1)  regions  formerly  comprised  in  the  Russian 
provinces  of  Grodna,  Vihia  and  Kovno,  over  which  a  controversy  is  being  carried  on  with 
the  de  facto  state  of  Lithuania;  (2)  eastern  Galicia,  in  dispute  with  the  de  facto  state  of 
Ukraima;  (3)  the  Allenstein  area  of  East  Prussia,  and  the  former  German  territory  of 
Upper  Silesia,  m  which  plebiscites  are  to  be  taken.  Both  are  to  vote  either  to  join  Poland 
or  Germany. 

For  complete  data  on  Poland  see  page  332. 
The  Baltic  states  of  Lithuania,  Latvia  and  Esthonia: 

K    *u^!n°^  these  have  proclaimed  their  independence,  which  as  yet  has  not  been  recognized 

by  the  AUies  or  the  United  States. 

Ukrainia: 

The  Caucasian  states  of  Daghestan,  Georgia  and  Azerbaijan: 

The  data  at  present  available  with  respect  to  the  Baltic  States,  Ukrainia,  and  the 
Caucasian  states  follows. 

LITHUANIA 

The  claims  of  Lithuania  include  four  former  Russian  provinces  as  follows: 


Province 


Area 
square  miles 


Population 


Kovno. 
Vilna. . 
Grodno . 
Minsk.  , 


Total , 


15.518 
16.181 
14,896 
35.220 


81.815 


1.871,400 
2,083,200 
2,094,300 
3,070,900 


9.119,800 


Portions  of  the  former  Russian  provinces  of  Moghilev  and  Vitebsk  are  likewise  claimed 
by  Lithuania  These  claims  involve  a  territory  about  as  large  as  the  combined  states  of 
Vu-ginia  West  Virgima  and  Pennsylvania.  Lithuania,  according  to  these  claims,  would  be 
bounded  by  Ukraima  on  the  south,  Poland  on  the  west,  Latvia  on  the  north  and  Central 
Russia  on  the  east. 

om  oS\?"''?'^*^'''*'^'  ''''^"'^^  ^**^^^  ^^^  ^^^^  ^t*^  t^«r  populations:  Vilna 
204,290;  Minsk  117,600;  Kovno.  92,810;  Grodno,  64,100.  The  natural  port  of  Lithuania 
w  Memel,  which,  according  to  the  terms  of  the  Treaty  of  Peace,  is  ceded  by  Germany  to 
the  Allies,  and  will  probably  be  a  free  city  under  the  League  of  Nations 

The  pnncipal  industry  of  Lithuania  is  agriculture,  although  some  manufacturing  is 
carried  on  in  the  larger  cities. 

At  the  present  time  Poland  occupies  the  provinces  of  Grodno  and  Vilna,  and  the 
t^tory  actually  m  the  possession  of  Lithuania  comprises  only  the  province  of  Kovno. 
Ihe  capital  of  Lithuania  at  present  is  Kovno;  the  government  claims  Vilna  as  ita 
capital. 


LATVIA 

The  claims  of  the  independent  state  of  Latvia  are  to  the  territory  comprised  with  the 
former  Russian  province  of  Courland,  with  an  area  of  10,435  square  miles  and  a  population 
of  812,300,  and  about  half  of  the  province  of  Livonia.  The  area  claimed  by  Latvia  is 
approximately  as  large  as  the  combined  states  of  Connecticut  and  Massachusetts  and 
it  is  bounded  by  the  Baltic  Sea,  Lithuania  and  Livonia. 

The  principal  cities  included  in  this  territory,  with  populations:  Riga,  569,100; 
Libau,  90,744;  and  Mitau,  46,800. 

The  principal  industries  of  Latvia  are  agriculture,  cattle  breeding  and  fruit  raising. 
There  are  important  manufacturing  industries  at  Riga,  Libau  and  Mitau,  including  iron 
works,  agricultural  machinery  factories,  tanneries,  glass  and  soap  works.  Iron  and  lime- 
stone are  the  principal  minerals.    The  chief  crops  are  rye,  barley,  oats,  wheat,  flax  and 

potatoes. 

The  city  of  Riga  is  the  principal  port  of  Baltic  Russia. 

ESTHONIA 

Esthonia  claims  the  former  Russian  province  of  Esthonia  with  an  area  of  7,605  square 
miles  and  a  population  of  512,000.  The  area  of  Esthonia  is  slightly  less  than  that  of  the 
state  of  Massachusetts.  The  principal  city  is  Reval,  on  the  Gulf  of  Finland,  with  a  popula- 
tion of  137,600. 

Agriculture  is  the  principal  industry,  and  on  the  large  estates,  which  predominate  in 
the  country,  is  carried  on  with  modern  scientific  methods.  About  16.6  per  cent  of  the  total 
area  is  under  cultivation,  41.7  per  cent  is  under  meadow  and  grass,  and  19  per  cent  is 
forest.  The  principal  crops  are  rye,  oats,  barley,  potatoes,  and  large  quantities  of  vegetables. 
Cattle  breeding  and  dairy  farming  flourished.  Fishing  is  an  important  industry,  the 
principal  product  being  anchovies. 

The  chief  manufacturing  industries  are  distilleries,  with  an  annual  output  of  some 
15,000,000  gallons;  cotton,  woolen,  paper  and  saw  mills,  iron  and  machinery  and  mateh 
factories. 

The  volume  of  Esthonian  foreign  trade  by  ports  for  pre-war  years  is  estimated  by 
Esthonian  delegates  to  the  Peace  Conference  as  follows: 


Ports 

1912 

1913 

1914 

Reval 
Imports.                            

Tons 
1,287.000 

388,800 

34.200 

Tons 
1.409,400 
394,200 

41.400 
45.000 

41.400 
45.000 

Tons 
1,242,000 

Exports.  .                 

334,800 

Pernau 

I MPORTS                                       

16.200 

Exports                                                

9.000 

Narva 
Imports.                               

47.400 

52,200 

Exports                                         

9.000 

The  principal  imports  are  coal,  cotton,  machinery  and  herrings.  About  80  per  cent 
of  the  imports  are  raw  and  partly  manufactured  materials  for  local  factories  and  works. 
Imports  came  principally  from  Great  Britain,  Denmark  and  Holland.  The  principal 
exports  of  Esthonia  are  flax,  linseed  and  some  dairy  pruducts  and  timber. 

Reval  annually  consumes  large  quantities  of  iron  and  steel  for  her  shipbuilding,  wagon, 
and  machinery  plants.  The  principal  commodities  in  demand  at  present  are  machinery, 
agricultural  implements,  electrical  apparatus,  paraffin,  wheat,  coal,  suet,  cotton,  auto- 
mobile tires,  sugar,  benzine,  and  oil. 


366 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


RUSSIA 


367 


Trade  Regulations: 

m 

T  A  \  "Tu"/?'  '°™'^  *™"^*  '*  *°  '^  instituted,  to  consist  of  the  Minister  of  Trade  »nrf 
Industry,  the  Mimsters  for  Food  Control,  Agriculture  War  and  F™IZ Tff,-  ^"^\t^ 
representatives^   Representatives  of  the  c;opfrative  s^iel^'  and  c^mTcialZfinalc::; 

S^i^n'onh:  Co""!t  V"  "  t"'^''-    ^'  «^P°^  ■""»  trantrrde  :   hout  th  S 

Industry,  according  to  the  decisions  of  the  cfunc^or  Foi^g^S  r^T^V?" 
Fo^i^Tr^e  wiH  also  co.e  to  definite  deCions,  rJZ^nl":^:.  alL^T'tt 

.nH  ^'^r  T"f  "^  "'"  "^  ^"^'^  °"'y  '^  '""'•  fi™- "  •"»'«  trade  hcenses  of  the  first  cla« 
and  to  mdustnal  concerns  possessing  at  least  fourth  class  licenses 

All  foreign  currency  obtained  in  payment  for  exports  is  to  be  collected  bv  the  Esthnni.n 
Bank  and  to  remam  under  the  control  of  the  Government  for  the  s^i^of  .wZ 

^l:^rk^'*  ;fXr.  'r  "^  '^^  °"*  "^ ''"  ---y-ntrrmmitr^fte 

r^xnonian  liank     If  during  the  space  of  one  month  the  currency  held  to  the  cnnlif  of  «n 

for  fIIS^C""  "'  "^  "'"^  '°^  ''  '^"**^  ""'y  ^'"^  "•«  -°««-  °f  'he  Council 

The  saJe  of  imported  goods  is  to  be  controUed  under  the  law  against  profiteering 
of  thIXi*^e:  '"Z:^  ""l  *°  rr-'"-  -  "o  -t  a^d  under  t^b  oLde 

and  MU^Sg  mS:  ^tppH^*  '"""^^  ^""'^  "^-^^^  '"-•    Copies  of  the  invoice 

consS.t'^  """^    ' " ""  '"™**^  *°  "p*"''  "^"^^ """  *"  '"^«f-  th:mrrothet 

sn^.?s  s  rariK  ^ii-ts  -■=—"..  p.-  - .. 

UKRAINIA 

RussS%rvLrrjr:ira:^  Min^titt^i^Zairt  °'  ''-■ '-% 

Volhynia.   Podolia,   Bessarabia   (.nflictin;  -.tIi:l?'S;,*i^^ToSv:: 


Chernigov,  Kharkov,  Ekaterinoslav,  Taurida,  parts  of  Kurak,  Voronezh,  the  Province 
of  the  Don  Cossacks. 

With  the  exception  of  the  area  in  dispute  with  Lithuania  and  Roumania,  and  excluding 
the  province  of  the  Don  Cossacks,  the  area  of  the  Ukrainian  state,  comprising  the  districts 
formerly  known  as  "Little  Russia,"  ''South  Russia"  and  part  of  "West  Russia,"  is  approxi- 
mately equivalent  to  that  of  the  combined  New  England  states.  New  York,  New  Jersey, 
Pennsylvania,  Delaware,  Maryland  and  West  Virginia.  According  to  this  estimate  the 
area  and  population  is  as  follows: 


Provinces 


Area 
square  miles 


Population 
1915 


Kherson 

Chernigov .... 

Poltava 

Kharkov 

Kiev 

Pdolia 

Volhynia 

Kherson 

Taurida 

Eekaterinoslav 

Total 


27,337 
20,232 
19,265 
21,041 
19,676 
16,224 
27,699 
27,337 
23,312 
24.477 


226,600 


3,806,900 
3,148,900 
3,906,200 
3,542,000 
4,988,000 
4,127.600 
4.241,800 
3,806,900 
2,133,300 
3.537,300 


37,238,900 


Principal  cities  with  populations:  Odessa,  631,040;  Kiev,  610,190;  Kharkov,  258,360; 
Ekaterinoslav,  220,100;  Kherson,  98,540;  Zhitomir,  96,500;  Poltava,  82,100;  Chernigov, 
38,460. 

Ukrainia  includes  the  most  fertile  agricultural  district  of  Russia.  The  principal 
industry  is  agriculture,  and  the  chief  products  are  wheat,  rye,  oats,  corn  and  barley. 
Wheat  was  formerly  exported  in  large  quantities  through  Odessa.  Agriculture  was  for- 
merly carried  on  with  the  most  modem  and  scientific  methods. 

Ukrainia  likewise  possesses  the  principal  deposits  of  iron  ore  in  European  Russia. 
They  are  located  in  the  western  part  of  Ekaterinoslav  and  eastern  Kherson,  the  latter 
being  about  two  hundred  miles  distant  from  the  coal  fields  of  the  Donetz  basin,  which 
produce  both  anthracite  and  coking  coal.  There  are  several  large  iron  and  steel  works 
in  Ukrainia,  and  manufacturing  is  carried  on  in  the  principal  cities. 

At  present  Ukrainia  is  the  scene  of  constant  warfare  between  the  forces  of  the  Nation- 
alist Party  and  those  of  the  Soviet  Government. 

THE  GEORGIAN  REPUBLIC 

Claims  approximately  one-third  of  Transcaucasia,  with  an  approximate  area  of 
31,484  square  miles  and  a  population  of  over  2,000,000.  The  boundaries  of  the  de  facto 
repubUc  are  the  Black  Sea  on  the  west,  the  Caucasus  Mountains,  the  Azerbaijan  state 
and  Armenia. 

Principal  cities  with  populations:  Batum,  46,000,  the  most  important  Black  Sea 
port;  Kutais,  53,900;  TifUs,  327,800. 

The  exports  from  the  Black  Sea  port  of  Batum  in  1913  amounted  to  about  $66,450,000, 
the  imports  to  about  $9,150,000.  One-half  the  experts  is  represented  by  petroleum  shipped 
from  Baku  on  the  Caspian  Sea  (in  the  Azerbaijan  state)  and  the  remainder  by  silk,  wheat, 
barley,  manganese  ore,  com,  wool,  oilcake,  carpets  and  licorice.  The  principal  imports 
were  machinery  and  tin  plate. 

The  principal  industries  are  agriculture,  sericulture  and  the  mining  of  manganese 
and  copper. 


t 


368 


EXPORTERS  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


SPAIN 


369 


THE  REPUBLIC  OF  THE  AZERBAIJAN  TARTARS 

Claims  the  eastern  portion  of  Transcaucasia  bordering  on  the  Caspian  Sea  and 
bounded  by  Persia  Armenia,  Georgia  and  Daghestan.  The  principal  industry  is  centered 
m  the  petroleum  fields  near  Baku,  which,  in  1916,  produced  57,180,000  barrels  of  42  gaUons 
e^h.  Other  important  industries  are  silk  growing,  the  raising  of  livestock  and  the  cul- 
tivation  of  the  grape.    The  principal  city  is  Baku,  with  a  population  of  237  000 


DAGHESTAN 

Includes  the  former  Russian  province  of  that  name  with  an  area  of  11  471  souare 
twn  of  79  343,  lies  northeast  of  the  Caucasus  Mountains  and  borders  on  the  Caspkn  Sea 

^a  o7  28'i?.T'"  ''  ^^'"i''^'  *'^  °^"  ^*^^  ^^^^-  ^'^^  P-^  of  Te«h  an 
ST^tock  fe^nTr  '°^'  ^^"^f '°  "^  '''''•^-    Agriculture,  the  br^ing  of 

liv^tock,  fishing,  the  growing  of  grapes  for  wine  and  of  sunflowers  for  oilseed  and  the 
cultivation  of  fruit,  are  the  principal  industries.  Rye,  wheat,  oats,  barley^d  Tiptoes 
are  the  principal  agricultural  crops.  '        ^  potatoes 


SPAIN 

(See  Map,  Page  337) 


A  state  in  southwestern  Europe  comprising  the  larger  part  of  the  Iberian  peninsula. 
In  area  it  is  a  little  larger  than  the  combined  areas  of  the  states  of  New  York,  New  Jersey, 
Pennsylvania,  Maryland,  Virginia  and  West  Virginia.  Madrid,  the  capital,  is  a  little 
larger  than  Cincinnati;  Barcelona,  the  second  city,  is  larger  than  Los  Angeles.  The 
climate  of  the  country  is  warm. 

The  principal  industries  of  Spain  are  agriculture,  fruit  raising,  mining,  and  manufactur- 
ing The  most  important  crops  are  wheat,  barley,  and  olives,  which  are  cultivated  ex- 
tensively throughout  the  whole  of  the  southern  part  of  the  country.  Of  minerals  iron, 
copper,  coal,  lead,  and  zinc  are  the  most  important.  Of  the  manufacturing  industries  the 
manufacture  of  textiles,  the  production  of  ohve  oil  and  that  of  semi-manufactured  iron  and 
steel  are  the  most  important. 

The  railways  of  Spain  touch  all  the  principal  ports  and  producing  centers  and  connect 
with  those  of  PVance  and  with  the  railway  system  of  Portugal. 

The  per  capita  imports  of  Spain  in  1917  amounted  to  $11.47.  The  per  capita  exports 
in  the  same  year  amounted  to  $11.94.  In  1915  the  United  States  supplied  24.6  per  cent  of 
the  total  imports  and  received  4.9  per  cent  of  the  total  exports. 

Although  for  administrative  purposes  the  Canary  Islands,  consisting  of  the  islands  of 
Teneriffe,  Grand  Canary  and  Palma,  with  four  smaller  islands,  lying  in  the  Atlantic  Ocean 
about  60  miles  from  the  west  coast  of  Africa,  are  included  in  the  Kingdom  of  Spain  as  a 
province,  the  statistics  of  commerce  are  separately  recorded,  and  are  given  on  the  following 
pages  in  separate  tables. 

Area  and  Population 

The  area  of  continental  Spain  is  190,050  square  miles,  of  the  Balearic  Islands,  the 
Canary  Islands  and  the  Spanish  possessions  on  the  north  and  west  coast  of  Africa  4,733 
square  miles  making  a  total  of  194,783  square  miles. 


5 

r 


Estimated  population  for  the  principal  cities  of  Spain : 


City 

Popula- 
tion, 
1917 

City 

Popula- 
tion, 
1917 

City 

Popvila- 
tion, 
1917 

Madrid 

648,760 

621,419 

245,871 

164,322 

140,975 

133,012 

124,455 

102,542 

100,461 

82,726 

71,838 

70,807 

Palma 

67,544 
66,106 
72,316 
72,373 
79,889 
69,758 
62,628 
58,088 
55,248 
55,913 
56,779 
48,614 

Corufia 

60,483 

Barcelona 

Cadii 

Linares 

37,039 

Valencia . . 

Cordoba 

BadajoE 

37,600 

Sevilla 

Santander 

Alcoy 

33.896 

Malaga 

S.  Cru2  (Canaries) 

Las  Palmas 

Vitoria 

34,304 

MureJa 

Castellon 

33,286 

Zaragoza ...        .... 

Jerez 

Burgos 

32,675 

Cartagena 

Alicante •. .  .  - 

Salamanca 

32,971 

Bilbao 

Gijon   

Pamplona 

30,779 

Granada 

Oviedo 

Ja^n 

30,947 

Valladolid 

San  Sebastian 

Almeria 

Huehra 

34,492 

Lorea 

»|! 


370 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


SPAIN 


371 


Area  and  estimated  population  (1917).  of  the  49  provinces  of  Spain: 


Province 


Alava 

Albacete 

Alicante 

Almeria 

Avila 

BadajoB 

Baleares 

Barcelona 

Burgos 

CAceres 

C^diz  and  Ceuta 

Canarias 

Castelldn 

Ciudad  Real 

C6rdoba 

Corufia 

Cuenca 

Gerona 

Granada 

Guadalajara 

Guip(izcoa 

Huelva 

Huesca 

Ja6n 

Le6n 

L^rida 


1.175 
5.737 
2.185 
3.360 
3.042 
8.451 
1,935 
2,968 
5.480 
7.667 
2.834 
2,807 
2,495 
7.620 
5.299 
3.051 
6.636 
2.264 
4.928 
4,676 
728 
3.913 
5,848 
6,203 
5,936 
4.690 


98,350 
285,962 
502,607 
393,680 
214.008 
644,220 
333,129 
1,197,601 
351,865 
421.959 
478.802 
506.414 
320,374 
425,729 
534,822 
699,347 
284,407 
331,231 
545,873 
216.284 
250.054 
343.980 
249,047 
565.293 
399.983 
252.813 


82.0 
41.3 
215.1 
106.8 
65.9 
66.4 
161.1 
381.3 
72.2 
47.2 
165.0 
127.5 
124.5 
42.2 
85.8 
215.7 
37.6 
140.7 
99.9 
42.8 
269.0 
79.1 
41.8 
98.8 
66.6 
60.4 


Logrofio. . . . , 

Lugo 

Madrid [ 

Malaga 

Murcia 

Navarra 

Orense 

Oviedo 

Palencia 

Pontevedra.  . 
Salamanca. . . 
Santander .  . . 

Segovia 

Sevilla 

Soria 

Tarragona. . . 

Teruel. 

Toledo 

Valencia ,  .  „. 

ValladoUd    ::       2:9itt 

Vizcaya  (Biscay) |         835 


Zamora 
Zaragosa 


1.946 

3.814 

3.064 

2,812 

4.453 

4.055 

2,694 

4.205 

3,256 

1.695 

4.829 

2.108 

2,635 

5.428 

3.983 

2.505 

6.720 

6.919 

4.150 


Total. 


4,097 
6.728 


194.783 


186.792 

481,478 

953.300 

530.476 

633.776 

319,015 

417,293 

719.762 

199,689 

516,466 

339.821 

323,636 

173,160 

624,233 

159,423 

333,920 

257.063 

442.162 

926.486 

288.067 

380.668 

271.265 

477,017 


20,842,902      105.2 


The  chief  emigration  from  Spain  is  to  Argentina,  Cuba.  Brazil,  Uruguay  and  Mexico. 
Emigration  figures  for  the  years  1914-1917  inclusive: 


that  ST^r*T  f!^*"'^\  '-  Spain  is  very  high.     The  census  taken  in  1910  showed 
tnat  d8.59  per  cent  of  the  population  could  rpad  anH  nr^f^    i  ^-r  x        ,  T      »""w*^" 

and  59.35  per  cent  could  neUher  reaS  nT  wrlT  '  "*'  '^°*  ""^"^  "^  ""'•" 


Commerce 

of  w^h  f  IM  m  ^^.''""""tr  "^"^  ^"^^  ""*  y«"  1918  ^°^*^i  to  »280,400,270, 
oi  wnich  5109,773,375  was  the  value  of  imoorts  and  Jt17nfi9fifiQt;  *k         i  '^^»^'"» 

compared  with  a  total  trade  of  »488418,llCr9iro7S^9  nots  l^'^jS 
jmjx,^  and  ,249,008  091  exports.  Although  the  fo,.'i;  J^T^Sf^Zl^ 
1918  showed  a  great  decrease  in  comparison  with  that  of  thp  nro,nV.„o  1    u  i      ^    I 

t^d^w.  in  Spain,  favor,  hy  ^,sk,^0.  in  — l^TX^  if^ t^^ IT  h^ 

wortJ"^  I9J7  ^Tm  ^'2l7'in*','^'''TK"  ""'"  '"^°"  """^  "=<""•  ^'^^  »106,339.379 

gold  and  silver  in  bullion  and  co^,  the  balanrof  tr^de  Tal  in  Snl"^      T**  ""^"^u  "' 
165.000.000.  """ance  oi  traae  was  m  Spain  s  favor  by  more  than 


;li 


Eleven  years  of  total  foreign  trade  of  the  United  States  with  Spain: 


Year 

Ended 

June 

30 

Exports 

Imports 

Excess  of 
Exports  (*) 

Domestic 

Foreign 

Total 

Free 

Dutiable 

Total 

Per 
Cent. 

or 
Imports  (-) 

1909... 
1910... 
1911... 
1912... 
1913... 
1914... 
1915... 
1916... 
1917... 
1918... 
1919... 

$19,653,427 
18,899.125 
24,760,914 
25,030,211 
31.209,453 
30,195,622 
37,835,470 
52,287,417 
76,855,034 
66,435,160 

$25,576 

65,278 

304,002 

27,279 

262,270 

191.947 

277.499 

549,304 

123.316 

728,119 



$19,679,003 
18,964.403 
25,064,916 
25,057,490 
31,471,723 
30,387,569 
38,112,969 
52,836,721 
76,978,350 
67,163.288 
98.931.638 

$6,045,643 

7,388,661 

9,266,559 

10,318,555 

12.507,901 

10,874,550 

7.114.492 

14,180,590 

15,867,107 

8.142.981 

$8,031,421 
11,064.617 
10,518,439 
11.612,879 
10,712.111 
13,784,317 
10,913,000 
13.683,540 
20.995.464 
16.422,584 

$14,077,064 
18,453,278 
19,784,998 
21,931,434 
23,220,012 
24,658,867 
18,027.492 
27,864,130 
36,862,571 
24,565.565 
30.979,183 

42.95 
40.04 
46.83 
47.05 
53.87 
44.10 
39.46 
50.89 
43.05 
33.15 

$+5,601,939 

+511,125 

+5.279.918 

+3.126.056 

+8,251.711 

+5.728,702 

+20.085.477 

*24,972,591 

+40,115,779 

+42.597.723 

+67.952,455 

Value  of  the  foreign  trade  of  Spain  for  ten  years: 

Year                     Imports 

Exports 

• 
Year                      Imports 

Exports 

IQOQ                         .... 

$202,649,827 
213.157.393 
206,765,024 
220,145.658 
273,084,923 

$196,715,952 
207,532,042 
212.543,120 
221.176.628 
236,636.189 

1914 

$188,338,070 
217.677,331 
230.664,231 
239,110,998 
109,773.375 

$159,704,810 

IQlft 

1915 

227.462,417 

1Q11 

1916 

234.602.052 

1Q12                  

1917 

249.008,091 

1913 

1918 

170.626.895 

Value  of  principal  imports  for  5  years: 


Articles 


1914 


1915 


1916 


1917 


1918 


Animals  Ihre: 

Horses 

Mules  and  mares 

Agricultural  implements 

Breadstuff  8 : 

Barley  and  other  cereals 

Maize 

Wheat 

Cars,  carriages,  other  Tehicles  and 
parts: 

Automobiles  and  parts 

Cars,  passenger,  freight  and  parts . . 

Bicycles,  motorcycles  and  parts .... 

Carriages   and   other  vehicles   and 

parts _ 

Chemicals ,  drugs ,  dyes  and  medicines : 

Dj-es 

Drugs,  chemicals  and  other  medi- 
cines   

Clocks,  watches  and  parts 

Coal  and  Coke: 

Coal 

Coke  and  briquets 

Cocoa,  crude 

Coffee 

Cork,  bars,  slabw  and  granulated 

Copper  wire 

Cotton  and  Manufactures  of: 

Unmanufactured 

Manufactures  of 

Eggs 

Electric  lamps,  including  bulbs 

Explosives 

Fertilizer: 

Nitrate  of  soda 

Phosphate  of  lime,  natural 

Other 

Fibers,  vegetables  and  textile  grasses 

I'  nmanuf  actured 

Manufactures  of 

Fish,  cod 

Fruits  and  nuts 

Glagg  and  glassware 

Hides  and  skins 


$206,188 

371,598 

1.415,937 

305,129 

5.843.803 

16,747,491 


940.037 
797,656 
395.940 

17,279 

2,875.816 

4,461,394 
755,996 

11.723,330 

2,335,838 

2.455.840 

5,815.315 

500,352 

873.368 

22.755.325 

2.120,405 

1,032,581 

588,903 

21,966 

1,571,455 
1,463,811 
4,759.599 

2.528.711 
1,008,508 
6,694,458 
564,574 
660,736 
2.642,956 


$10,576 
241,316 
907,229 

23.879 

5.950,699 

14.708.458 


572.674 

31.977 

306.975 

8.349 

2.440,247 

3,891,201 
864.631 

8,079.234 
1.125,760 
2.293.931 
5.606,783 
333,097 
6,972 

38.532,651 
2,042,989 

425,781 

443,499 

6.972 

1,311,913 
1.221,647 
3,587,213 

3,787,175 
733.818 

5.954,625 
717,110 
408.559 

6.343,001 


$145,859 

278.513 

1,526.089 

880 

3.112.030 

11,470.316 


833.498 

15.857 

303,579 

4,928 

1,980,609 

3,854,755 
1,340.917 

9,440,497 

876,896 

2,621,078 

5,714,285 

224,907 

825,104 

27.574,368 

2,517.024 

221,207 

403.479 

338.859 

1,815,067 
1,661.128 
2.895.193 

2.625,150 
673,148 

4.683.691 
741,920 
317,736 

6,421,648 


$225,465 
530,332 
688,054 

43,228 

1,594,272 
2,002,568 


1,635,872 
363,344 
394,503 

2,636 

1,529,496 

2,649,789 
1,447,206 

5,119.433 

462,181 

2.841.930 

6,396,696 

117.743 

970.720 

26,146,267 

2,291.220 

414,916 

307,254 

2,840 

2,260,413 
750.663 
609,222 

2,236.105 
490.050 

3.391.869 

1,241,432 
256,718 

5.683,761 


$318,877 
740.056 
365,282 

280.002 

4.977.890 

362 


967.542 
235.951 
246.226 

1,719 

1,073,105 

1.292,619 
1.085.451 

2,187.708 

381.491 

3,203.769 

5.746,232 

99.092 

387,807 

16,208.769 

2.257,009 

186.368 

76.652 

9.197 

810.023 

662.563 

5.402 

2.911.517 
244.079 

3,934,729 

2.253,479 
175.702 

5.364.425 


Continued  on  page  372. 


,.,i^ 


372 


EXPORTERS  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Table  continued: 


Articles 


1914 


India  rubber   gutta-perdui  and  sub- 
stitutes: 
Uninaniif  actured .... 

Tires '.'.'.'.'.'.'. 

Other  manufactures  of.. .'.'.'.'.. . 
Inaeoticides,     including    sulphatis    of 
copper 

Irra  and  steel,  manuftictures  of: 

Wire,  including  cables 

Wire,  covered,  electric 

Machinety: 

Electric  motors  and  dynamos 

Gas  and  steam  engines 

Locomotives  and  tenders. .... .' . .'  .* 

Hydraulic  motors 

Machine  tools .".','..' 

Sewing  and  embroidery  machines . 

Tyi)ewriters 

Pumps "  *  * 

Wheels,  iron  and  steel .......... . 

Other  machinery [ 

Kitchen  utensils 

Leather,  tanned  skins  and  manufac 

tures  of 

Lime  and  cement 

Meat  and  dairy  products: 

Birds,  for  food,  live  and  dead 

Tallow  and  other  animal  fats 


$707,173 

1.109,171 

513.125 

618,468 

469,317 
360,808 

2,909,072 
573,766 

1,500.886 
228,668 
611.895 
524,227 
382,198 
240,188 
339,172 

6,705,393 
788,911 

1,323.737 
520,777 


267,660 

1  aiiow  ana  otner  anunal  fats 2  223  304 

Sausage  casings. |  W4S« 

Butter  and  substitutes 

Cheese [[ 

Milk,  condensed 

Ofls: 

Lubricating 

Petroleum !.!.'!!] 

Paper  and  manufactiires  of,  including 

_      pulp 

Paraffin 

Seeds: 

Flaxseed  or  linseed,  sesame  seed,  etc 

Other,  including  carob  beans 

Silk  and  manufactures  of: 

Unmanufactured 

Floss !!.'.*.!! 

Fabrics .'.'.','.*,*.*!! 

Other  manufactures  of ].'.'!!!.' 

Telegraph  and  telephone  materials . . '. 

Tobacco  and  manufactures  of 

Unmanufactured "'.'.' 

Manufactures  of ...,'.!!].* 

Tin  and  manufactures  of . . . 

Vegetables:  

Click  peas 

Other,  fresh,  preserved  aiid  dried. 
Vessels  and  docks: 

Steamers 

Other  vessels  and  docks ....'.'.'.'! . 
Wood  and  manufactures  of: 

Planks  and  boards 

Common 

Fine ...\ ... ..[... 

Poles  and  posts 

Railway  sleepers 

Staves 

Wool: 

Unmanufactured 

Manufactures  of . 

Gold ; 

Silver " 

All  other  articles. ..........'. 


544.456 
246,502 
904,628 
1,026,023 

731,992 
1,404,456 

2,146,967 
747,370 

5,245,355 
978,369 

757,975 
890,210 
1.515,117 
714,436 
471,138 

3.419,067 
565,111 
792,944 

1,466,175 
716,526 

3.268,787 
145,139 


6,380,384 
307,748 
603,392 
288,371 
792,348 


Total. 


1.435,918 

849,324 

4.670,776 

325,298 

14,876,269 


1915 


$188,338,070 


$1,109,531 
891,306 
866,305 

668.733 

234.952 
49.794 

1,116,460 
201,243 
249,677 
292.875 
391,197 
522,368 
318,516 
106,019 
70,531 
3,204,679 
360.784 

1,307,626 
208.631 

237.585 
1,698,833 
983.772 
239,203 
562.002 
883.744 


846,147 
1,436,909 

2,014,401 
1,192.283 

5.633.193 
69.707 

867,834 
992.588 
1.393,249 
801.811 
409.187 

3.657.136 
392.810 
945,791 

404.551 
214,761 

1,866,375 
57,249 

5.312,975 

195,550 

625.006 

25,713 

655.188 


501,006 

39,653,762 

3,368,881 

11,224,169 


1916 


$1,986,278 

2,030,837 

889.507 

394.143 

391,135 
43,815 

1,652,766 
235,134 
683.626 
201,370 
847,177 
603,787 
536,903 
136,870 
187.540 

3,384,911 
296,370 

1.725,522 
122,041 


110,526 
1.422.971 
771.679 
172.116 
256,923 
1,085,848 

956.149 
1,435,904 

2.390,699 
1,190.284 

3.845.203 
109.266 

807,999 
716,661 
2,647,474 
987,324 
843,842 

3,228.984 
437.379 
903,688 

449.548 
140.546 

906,735 
430.573 


3.819,335 

276,791 

414,925 

23,652 

992.887 


$217,677,331 


797,427 

63.968.257 

2,271,478 

15,932.029 


1917 


$1,564,298 
1.730,823 
1.066,216 

20.650 

153.410 
57.342 

1,452.565 
221.386 
701,267 
129.125 
872.015 
454,575 

1,896,542 
107,721 
213,714 

1,896,542 
123,963 

1,353,309 
25,070 


110.526 
1,387,932 
913,169 
124,049 
72.077 
883.625 

677,331 
1,390,838 

1,686,799 
930.679 

2.842,286 
71.987 

802.989 

605,747 

1,588,078 

1.547,011 

602,313 

2,991.749 
640,335 
769,922 

116,870 
164,187 


1,035,721 
647,046 

1,656.380 

221.072 

121,908 

6,078 

932,687 


$230,664,231 


1.067.226 

106,339.379 

282,677 

16,312.608 


1918 


$239,110,098 


$985,439 
462,263 
676.575 

16,384 

152,089 
66,081 

1.661.031 
139.668 
111,018 

1.131,835 
205.664 
100,155 
624,525 
404.709 

1.249.230 

381.799 

69.339 

946,180 
14,560 

738 

66,325 

41,696 

106,924 

402,276 

734.008 

340.845 
137.799 

1.634,176 
202.944 

1.301.447 
36,849 

990,569 

767,258 

1,475,644 

1,323,558 

631,575 

5,225,697 
860,207 
244,130 

20.074 
72.866 

321,391 
379,502 


1,059,592 

115,114 

146,003 

30,712 

620,798 

4,724,654 

943.434 

6,094.570 

61,338 

11,087,113 


$109,773,375 


SPAIN 


373 


Principal  articles  of  import  by  countries  of  origin  for  3  years: 


Articles 


1914 


United 
States 


Argentina 


France 


Germany 


Great 
Britain 


Nether- 
lands 


Agricultural  implements 

Automobile  parts 

Breadstuff  s: 

Maize  or  c<wn 

Wheat 

Coal 

Copper  wire 

Cotton  unmanufactured 

Fish,  cod.. 

Hides  and  skins 

India  rubber  tires 

Motors,  locomotives,  etc.: 

Electric  motors,  dynamos 

Locomotives,  tenders  and  parts . 

Typewriters 

Oil,  petroleum 

Seeds,  flax,  sesame,  etc 

Tallow  and  other  animal  fats 

Vessels,  steamers 


$504,710 
100,440 

1,301 

2,332,595 

102,008 

75.422 

16.967.143 

9,038 

7.995 

3.412 

706.165 
4,956 


191.767 
1.327,970 


3,402 


$3,614,480 
122,178 


54,317 
323,661 


40 


35 


42.003 
398,110 


$157,443 
560.065 

35,687 
117,556 

71,953 
386,088 

73.311 
266.291 
122.544 
203,204 

289.711 

91,453 

11.759 

4,647 

418,789 

462.323 

10,132 


$274,246 
85,264 

598 

217,888 

596.927 

244.667 

34,743 

18.520 

26,479 

347,146 

1,323,928 

859,328 

74.461 

57 

63,992 

46,149 

2.280 


$185,026 
101,927 

4.388 

14,587 

10,790.019 

13.118 

164.349 

1.649.148 

46,859 

115.661 

285.012 

131.290 

100,170 

12,484 

9,409 

901.089 

3.248,045 


$2,756 


57 


160.219 
12,643 


911 


1,991 


162 
21.684 


Articles 


1915 


United  States 


Argentina 


France 


Great  Britain 


Netherlands 


Agricultural  implements 

Automobile  parts 

BreadstufiFs: 

Maize  or  corn 

Wheat 

Coal 

Copper  wire 

Cotton  unmanuf actuired 

Fish,  cod 

Hides  and  skins 

India  rubber  tires 

Motors,  locomotives,  etc.: 

Electric  motors,  dynamos 

Locomotives,  tenders  and  parts... 

Typewriters 

Oil,  petroleum 

Seeds,  flax,  sesame,  etc 

Tallow  and  other  animal  fats 

Vessels,  steamers 


$434,575 
164,643 

347 

9,937,320 

380.024 

412.122 

3.098.375 

5,160 

578,972 

21,337 

148.848 

14.320 

251.168 

1,436,047 


16.638 
1.051.812 


$5,911,964 
4.630.618 


2.048,689 


50 


$103,736 
296.639 

136 


731.722 
133,275 


9.773 

87.617 

7,072 

77,624 

170,882 

407,865 

126.014 
1,789 
6.850 


98.849 

423,164 

6.069 


$164,724 
56.915 


81.954 
7,673.193 

50.838 
1.218,226 
1,152,323 

51,523 
172.551 

150,793 

207,248 

27,723 

185 

46,670 
877,286 
334,430 


$7,182 


374 


91 


17.486 

2.343 

438 


73 

195 

49.413 


Articles 


1916 


United  States 


Argentina 


France 


Great  Britain 


Netherlands 


Agricultural  implements 

Automobile  parts 

Breadstuffs : 

Maize  or  corn 

Wheat 

Coal 

Copijer  wire 

Cotton,  unmanufactured 

Fish,  cod 

Hides  and  skins 

India  rubber  tires 

Motors,  locomotives,  etc.: 

Electric  motors,  dynamos 

Locomotives,  tenders  and  parts . 

Typewriters 

Oil.  petroleum 

oeeds,  flax,  sesame,  etc 

Tallow  and  other  animal  fats 

Vessels,  steamers 


$1,130,260 
529.978 

137 

9,334,198 

227,611 

791,200 

21,910,265 

168 

23,800 

66,370 

579,179 

560,303 

506,522 

1,422,075 


919 


3,090,012 
2,613,281 


17,535 
77,911 


1,243,457 
17 


870,615 
482.628 


$94,120 
158,472 

13 

14 

5,694 

3,957 

156 

43,586 

55,733 

1,026,661 

170,694 

940 

7,459 

10i6',966' 
186,620 


$134,877 
71,825 


568 

9,209,395 

20,822 

242,405 

1,330.539 

36,234 

862,930 


$161 


34,622 
6,711 


iir 


i| 


li 


374 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Value  of  imports  and  exports  by  countries  for  1913,  1914  and 


1915: 


Countries 


Imports 


1913 


1914 


1915 


United  States 

Porto  Rico 

Philippine  Islands . . , 

Argentina 

Austria  Hungary . . . , 

Belgium 

Brazil 

Bulgaria 

Chile 

China 

Colombia 

Cuba 

Denmark 

Ecuador 

Egypt 

France 

Algeria 

Germany 

Great  Britain 

British  Colonies: 
Asia  (inc.  India).. . 
N.  4  S.  America... 

Gibraltar 

Oceania 

Italy 

Mexico , 

Morocco 

Netherlands 

Netherlands  Colonies: 

Oceania 

Norway 

Panama 

Peru 

Portugal 

Roumania 

Russia 

Sweden 

Switzerlajid 

Turkey 

Uruguay 

Venezuela 

Spanish  Colonies ..... 
All  other  countries. . . . 


Exports 


1913 


$30,147,441 
143,882 
3,852,010 
19.974,720 
1.800,286 
8,100,086 
2,598,640 
14.548 
1,056,257 
905.382 
277,472 
445.959 
1.651.772 
674,020 
2.110.800 
36.768,276 
1,130.426 
33,336,593 
44.040.456 

1.625.919 

10.790.085 

277.800 

294.328 

2.845.036 
804,279 

1,126.961 

3.335,629 


1.678.246 

2,952,793 

35.093 

67.091 

10,171.828 

1.013.895 

8.095.233 

3.206.366 

4.486.823 

2.289.365 

1.013.980 

1.770.463 

1,275.403 

6,116,978 


1914 


1915 


Total $254,690,620 


$26,549,499 
1.321.631 
3.298.562 
6.883,672 
1.291.606 
4.983.847 
2.321,417 
316.115 
.  1.306.871 
622,523 
66.586 
1.098.316 
1,314,183 
578,509 
1,612,640 
24,166,470 
896,516 
19,462.272 
39,509,373 

1,316,629 

10,045,183 

257,544 

3,574.520 

3.936.053 

1,510,769 

511.330 

2.729,776 


1.291.438 

3.142.958 

33.347 

11,049 

4,731,579 

4.032.799 

8.512.524 

2.883.133 

3.546.929 

1.955.455 

377.924 

1.370.977 

1,471.318 

5.107.761 


$53,598,356 
1.6«)5.320 
3.955,589 
15,541.022 
122.956 
109,829 
2,289,106 
17.410 
1,530.557 
435.698 
541,983 
1.805,738 
1.299.739 
660,480 
2,426,720 
15,078,520 
646,706 
3,779.021 
65,321,218 

1.643.675 

11,451.299 

16.747 

137.295 

3.481.493 

1.129.161 

513,992 

1.512,105 

1,080,325 
2,972,414 

21,799 

39.431 
3.567,992 

19.824 

126.724 

3.038,859 

4,146,342 

52,256 
1.430,546 
1.724,493 
2,106,942 
6.173,490 


$199,955,865    $217,212,722 


$12,995,082 
450,480 
1.269.060 
12.773.563 
1.583.521 
8.150.118 
984,392 
143 
1.365,170 
555 
699.541 
11,616,991 
753,199 
195,949 
109,720 
58,993,977 
1,396,570 
13,395,342 
41,682,820 


496,189 

161.169 

904.601 

166.228 

6.260,033 

1.677,363 

2,853.235 

11.497.380 

2.289 

403.232 

677.450 

285,310 

8,526,225 

2,261 

1.491.625 

330.393 

2.537.090 

1.036.983 

1.963.272 

679,022 

4.027,280 

938,567 


$11,459,680 

558.660 

1.232.678 

7.440,632 

864.731 

3.962.821 

462.010 


$11,275,220 

383.atd 

934.006 

12.258.950 


$215,101,329 


Value  of  principal  exports  for  4  years: 


1.020,835 

1,602 

442,829 

9,355.887 

751.900 

243,334 

63,227 

46.162.161 

990,098 

7,633.268 

41.895,589 

367.963 

142,129 

991,747 

148.157 

9,117,429 

597,760 

2,413.687 

7,264.601 


107,563 
627,682 
746.468 
231.657 

3,817.704 
4461 

1.177.166 
484.286 
660,808 
734.753 

1.042.764 
471.341 

4.455.726 
672,707 


$169,756,300 


646,236 

4.321 

472.439 

2.386 

400.794 

10.369.994 

1.622.050 

203.712 

274.203 

92.891,551 

2.821.213 

1.583 

47,306.180 

167.716 

310.825 

924,050 

68.812 

14.078.786 

264.293 

3.863,864 

3,576,805 

21,904 
1,432,648 

813.327 

176.732 
3,023.485 

120.967 
4.486.133 

698,396 

1,043,257 

100 

2.245.781 

596.058 
5,620,521 

909,319 


$228,490,662 


Articles 


1914 


1916 


1916 


Animals  live: 

Horses,  mules  and  mares 

Cows .'.'!." 

Automobiles .'.'.".'.'.* 

Breadstuffs: 

Rice 

Wheat  flour '.'.['. 

Chemicals,  drugs,  dyes,  medicines- 
Glycerin 

Rosin .'.'.*.*..' 

Saffron 

Tartar,  crude .!!.'!!.'.' 

Copper  and  manufactures  of; 

Precipitate  of  copper  .......** 

Bars 

Cork  and  manufactures  of  ..*..* 


$365,117 

539.370 

58.320 

1,254.817 
359,794 

153.098 

390,841 

1.557.738 

799,431 

325,187 
2,081,077 
4.628.809 
7.942.990 


1917 


1918 


$68,099 

211,600 

45.360 


202.117 

600,577 

1.383.030 

999.499 

112,286 
2,161.795 
4.617.940 
7.745.4151 


$1,601,901 

222.206 

34,560 

2.664.287 
676.431 

181.502 

465.829 

1.563.912 

620.506 

154.765 
2.366.444 
3.709.145 
6,114.804 


$617,098 

4,727 

46,440 

2,336.632 
20.179 

216.820 

424.600 

2,020.770 

494,941 

110,582 
2.434,985 
6.442,402 
5.481.964 


$992,596 

27.666 

1,308,596 
106.461 

195.288 

240.591 

1.322.514 

920,781 

58.208 
2,040.189 
3.044.184 
4.697.271 


Continued  on  page  376 


.  ^    ^ 


Table  continued: 


Articles 


Cotton,  manufactures  of: 

Knitted  goods 

Piece  goods 

Thread 

Fertilizers ;••••. 

Pibers,  vegeuble  and  textile  grasses, 
manufactures  of: 

Esparto,  unmanuf8u:t\ired 

Hemp  shoes 

Other  manufactiues  of 

Fish: 

Sardines 

Other 

Fruits  and  nuts: 

Grapes 

Oranges 

Ohyes 

Almonds 

Filberts 

Glass  and  glassware 

Hides  and  skins 

Iron  ore  

Iron  pyrites 

Iron  and  steel,  manufactures  of 

Lead  ■  in  pigs 

Leather  and  manufactures  of: 

Shoes 

Skins,  tanned 

Oil.  olive 

Paper  and  manufactures  of 

Pipes  and  smokers  articles,  cigarette 

paper 

Quicksilver 

Spices,  pepper 

Salt 


Silk  and  manufactures  of 

SflTer: 

Bullion  and  coin 

Jewelry 

Sphalerite  or  blende ■ 

Spirits,  wines  and  other  beverages: 

Mineral  water 

Spirits  and  liquors 

Wine: 

Common,  red  and  white 

Fine,  red  and  white 

Sherry  and  similar  type 

Malaga  and  similar  type 

Sugar 

Tiles 

Turpentine 

Vegetables: 

Chick  peas 

Garlic 

Onions 

Potatoes 

Other 

Wood  and  nunufactores  of: 

Logs 

Casks 

Other  manufactures  of 

Wools: 

Uiunanufactured 

Blankets 

Knitted  goods 

Cloth 

Other  manufactures  of 

Zmc  in  pigs  and  sheets 

All  other  articles 


Total. 


SPAIN 


1914 


1915 


1916 


1917 


$2,718,151 

4.801,640 

566,546 

596.111 


735.079 
974,980 
782,210 

3,511.049 
1,729.676 

2,334,291 

10.362.751 

2.102,329 

1,596,919 

2.131,567 

1,359,906 

326,407 

2,135.629 

12,644,723 

6,189,178 

2,100,896 

10,662,376 

1,482.489 
1.190,168 
8,226.482 
1,508,921 

645.027 
1,272,616 
724,358 
917.885 
884,965 

2,101,715 

1,035.516 

514,349 

241,621 
475,254 

10,264,112 

738,632 

1.600,858 

1.901.016 

1.858,553 

585,932 

863,636 

396,087 

328,589 

2,682,521 

1,280,105 

1,321,506 

545,228 
986,675 
493,300 

4,370,001 
1.825,186 
1.089.590 
1.428.523 
2,008,104 
438,249 
11,376,473 


$159,704,810 


$8,651,058 

12,461,715 

2.966.115 

412.006 


616.871 
1,388.862 
2,809,723 

3.226.833 
2.148,923 

1,740,383 
9,852,563 
1,238.876 
1.147.000 
3,787.319 
1.228,308 
991.538 
1,680,016 
8,809,560 
5,295.925 
5,799,616 
11.231.150 

6.040.659 

5.778,452 

12.092.992 

1.681.781 

837.476 
1.109.798 
899.834 
877,621 
688,088 

2,726,424 
253.877 
104.132 

322.775 
604.314 

6.404,599 

636,268 

1.388,638 

2,191,464 

1.418.472 

562.993 

747.706 

1.362.483 
436.707 
2.663.653 
1.544.716 
2.066.862 

786.383 
889,957 
614,740 

2.444,652 
8.104,414 
3,728,471 
8.497,876 

10,431.816 
577.208 

26,094,972 


$227,462,417 


$4,554,957 

12,166,600 

4,934,267 

324.116 


674,959 
1,117.648 
1.671,274 

3.617.366 
4,514,026 

1.057,750 
6,322,092 
2,260,046 
847,751 
2,610,610 
950.314 
1,147,108 
2,437.903 

10,172,490 
4,597,953 
5,100.619 

10.947,565 

2,392,442 

6,630,045 

14,682,527 

1,578,770 

751,409 
1,394,779 
643,498 
493,909 
853,069 

2,387,464 
331,474 
304,492 

365,909 
1,273,168 

27,265,388 

381.982 

1,625.900 

3.232.421 

415 

402,556 

1,022,237 

965,254 
457.095 
3.415,180 
661,582 
683,591 

39,746 
567,942 
523,603 

4,915,120 

8,604,043 

287.168 

114.314 

3.193.332 

911,653 

38,505,001 


$234,602,052 


$4,354,881 

14,198.078 

4,557.304 

200,794 


461,809 
2,257.338 
1,488,658 

4,252.671 
4,202,671 

2,918.113 
8.276,963 
3,238,117 
1,890.141 
3,093,475 
719,815 
484,631 
2,276,486 

10.193.291 
6,419,759 
6,696,218 

12,205,250 

2.513,211 

7.644.835 

15.993.363 

2.641.646 

774,443 
976,859 
1.263.460 
765.040 
770.746 

2.708.425 

625,882 
537.607 

306.095 
2,322.944 

18.800,690 
822,873 
2.564.232 
3,219,868 
390.074 
642.252 
937,948 

642,018 

606.627 

2,564,107 

1,437,582 

2,094,765 

650,540 
815,100 
904,502 

2.485.781 

11,455,786 

1,523,669 

1,527,861 

6,404.731 

611,862 

37.516.563 


$249,008,091 


375 


1918 


$2,535,317 

14.867,369 

1.154.043 

53.202 


85.938 

789.119 

1,718,745 

2,435.212 
4,565.771 

1.963.791 
3.560,073 
1,529.495 
1.661.836 
4,438,943 
1,249,899 
883,616 
1,073.767 
8.498,964 
2,493.740 
2.712.888 
10.078.400 

936.724 
2.876.759 
4.220.904 
1.360.040 

593.925 

1.326.025 

697,536 

604,923 

1.261.346 

1.676.973 
164.647 
428.996 

153.118 
1.381.374 

11.344.799 
116.501 
1.303,038 
2,468,516 
102,162 
335,710 
576,136 

11.034 

268,991 

2,217,645 

266,553 

443,036 

31,731 
646,406 
658,648 

2,385.123 
3,230.456 
1.967.270 

512.640 
6,120.941 

482.355 
34,762.106 


$170,626,895 


I 


J 


376 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 
Foreign  trade  of  the  Canary  Islands,  1915-1916: 


Porti 


1915 


Imports 


Exports 


1016 


Imports 


Santo  Crui  de  Teneriffe . . . 

Arrecife  de  Lanzarote 

Puerto  Crin  de  Teneriffe . . 
Santo  Ctus  de  la  Palma. . . . 
Las  Palmas,  Grand  Canary. 


Total. 


$6,456,220 

157,498 

237.024 

443.164 

7,356,420 


$14.650.320 


Exports 


$1,086,429 

23.650 

116.701 

52.884 

2.027,777 


$3.306,441 


$6,607,946 

137.109 

117.599 

312,710 

7,484.062 


$14.659,426 


$1,583,125 

15,807 

137.797 

„    82,945 

2.748,672 

$4,568,346 


Imports  to  Canary  Islands,  1916,  by  principal  commodities  and  countries  of  origin. 


Articles 


United  States 


Argentina 


Spain 


Automobiles 

Breadstuffs 

Corn 

Wheat 

Wheat  flour 

Candles 

Canned  meat 

vvO^ 

Coffee 

Confectionery  and  biscuits . . . 

Cotton  piece  goods 

^rugs 

Fibers  and  fiber  textiles 

Forage  and  seeds 

Fruits  and  vegetables,  dried . . . 

Greases,  machinery 

Leather,  tanned  hides 

Machinery 

Mineral  waters 

Olive  oil 

Paper  and  manufactiires  of 

Petroleum 

Sacks  and  bags 

Silk,  manufactured 

Soap 

Su^ar 

Tobacco 

Wine,  liquors,  beer 

Wood: 

Boxes  and  crates  for  fruits .  . 

Timber,  construction 

Wool  manufactured 

All  other  articles 


Great  Britain 


$33,811 


2,113 

55,400 

5.512 

52,865 

11.450 

4,582 

2.187 

94.102 

1.104 

1,456 


$682,109 
42.106 
12,398 


10.255 

11,280 

8.307 


8,760 
116.485 

•  ••••••• 

3,187 


•  •••••• 

•  ••••••< 

•  ••••■•  I 


6,102 

•  •••••■ 

•  ••••■  a 

10.986 


3.028 

'l'63,465" 


70,756 


Total. 


123.406 


55,819 


1.069 


$768,816 


$825,545 


$9,487 

'"*8J2'.466" 

58.897 

39.700 

17.204 

234.159 

7.825 

"mi"  150  ■ 

1,302.415 

111,246 

97,450 

78,210 

218,820 

1.846 

259.406 

9,807 

94.315 

631.576 

176.423 

•  •••••••«, 

63.208 
19.256 
25,152 

•  ••••"•••I 

96,256 

6.827 

132.816 

6,109 
151.957 
177.460 
171.884 


Value  of  exports  from  Canary  Islands  for  1915  and  1916: 


$5.383,366 


$7,745 

•    •••■•••a 

2,650 

97,310 

392,565 

308,205 

1.760 
552,104 

'  Vssjot' 

575,267 
31,285 

155,907 

21,750 

99,157 

19.150 

2.465 

124.369 

353.108 

150 

67,269 

•••) 

4.512 

33,407 

89.826 

205,256 

"34.i66*' 
24.805 

1,825 

65,402 

194,325 

889.628 


$4,544,009 


Articles 


1915 


1916 


Almonds 

Bananas 

Cheese 

Chemicals 

Cooperage  materids 

Copper . 

Corn 

Drawn  work  and  laces 

Dyestuffs 

Flour :;;;:; 

Fish,  salted  and  dried 

Fruit,  preserved  and  conserved * . 

Gold  and  silver 


$16,478 

$34,209 

1.706,445 

2,069.415 

7,920 

10,457 

428 

160,250 

42,855 

33.019 

3,976 

14,837 

3.005 

321 

187,560 

101.620 

2.130 

24.126 

9,173 

87,305 

356,165 

9.584 

3,109 

36.240 

118,459 

Continued  on  page  377 


SPAIN 


377 


Table  continued: 


Articles 


1915 


1916 


Hides  and  skins .... 

Iron  and  steel 

Onions 

Onion  seed 

Petroleum 

Potatoes 

Rice 

Sacks,  emptv ...... 

Silks,  manufactured. 

Tomatoes 

Umbrellas 

Wood: 

Planks 

Furniture 

All  other  articles 


Total $3.306.441 


$185,864 

14,380 

13,860 

41,905 

30.165 

147.930 

26.540 

4,874 

30.250 

403.720 

46.375 

11.225 

3,780 

12.648 


$150,400 

19.207 

102,376 

84.387 


306.827 

8.279 

16,204 

170.496 

498.327 


4.016 

22.750 

147,923 


$4,568,316 


Exports,  1916,  from  Canary  Islands  by  principal  commodities  and  countries  of  destina- 


tion: 


Articles 


United  States! Great  Britain 


Spain 


Cuba 


France 


Almonds 

Bananas 

Coal 

Chemicals 

Copper 

Drawn  work  and  laces. 

Dyestuffs 

Fish,  salted 

Onions 

Potatoes 

Sacks,  empty 

Silks 

Skins  and  hides 

Tomatoes 

All  other  articles 


$379 
"561 


Total. 


1.053 
650 

3.457' 
4,026 

■45,467' 

•  •••■•• 

450 
3,993 


$22,865 

1,555,460 

43,806 


34.716 
14.205 
56.823 
10,827 
279,406 
2,391 
16.256 

"456.356' 
4.423 


$59,916   $2.497.528 


$2,103 

153.250 

11.902 

150,783 

14,837 

14.540 

3,460 

83.500 

4.652 

5.109 

11.582 

"Ho'.ios" 

28.306 
152.398 


$3,602 


34.295 
320 

87.213 

82.932 

4.256 

216 

23.900 


147,901 


$785,530 


$364,635 


$5,026 

341.298 

4.520 


17,016 

4.900 

7.136 

502 

12.307 

401 


2.060 
55.600 


$450,766 


a 


Production  and  Industry 

Among  Spain's  chief  products  are  wine  and  olive  oil.  In  1917  out  of 
total  yield  of  4,069,314  metric  tons  of  grapes,  3,856,691  tons  were  used  in  the  making  of 
wine,  which  amounted  to  522,777,728  gallons  of  both  red  and  white  wine.  The  export 
of  wines  of  all  classes  for  1917,  amounting  to  $33,777,849,  was  far  above  the  average,  and 
comprised  one-seventh  of  Spain's  total  exports.  The  average  annual  production  of  raisins 
for  the  past  five  years  has  been  20,739,000  pounds.  Grapes  for  raisins  are  grown  in  Valencia 
near  Deina  where  they  are  packed  for  shipment. 

The  ohve  is  the  most  important  fruit  tree  in  Spain.  Its  range  embraces  the  whole  of 
the  southern  part  of  the  table  land,  the  greater  part  of  the  Elro  valley  and  a  strip  of  the 
west  coast  of  GaUcia.  Cordova  is  the  head-quarters  of  the  oil  industry;  Seville  of  the 
cultivation  of  oUves  for  table  use.  The  largest  olive  yield  in  five  years  was  that  of  1917 
amounting  to  2,207,700  tons.  The  oil  extracted  from  the  1917  crops  amoimted  to  427,838  tons. 

The  textile  industries  of  Spain  have  become  more  important  since  the  war,  there  being 
about  8,000  estabUshments,  comprising  cotton,  woolen,  linen,  silk,  hemp,  dyeing,  bleaching 
and  associated  industries.  An  indication  of  the  importance  of  the  textile  industry  in  the 
city  of  Tarrasa  is  seen  in  the  fact  that  between  5,000  and  6,000  tons  of  wool  are  worked  up 
in  the  factories  annually.  The  washing  plants  can  handle  from  10,000  to  15,000  tons  an- 
nually whereas  before  the  war  their  capacity  was  limited  to  5,000  tons. 


378 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


SPAIN 


379 


I 


is  capable  of  deve.opi„,  .O^^llotSr^C'^r  du^  T^  /^^^^^^^^^^^^ 

^uTeTd  ]^  Z  holl  f^'"^°  •""  •^*'"'  construction  in  Austurias  work  which 

mu  yield  18,000  horsepower,  and  Dos  Aguss  in  Valencia,  capable  of  producine  60  Mn 
horsepower,  m  bemg  worked  for  the  utilization  of  20,000  ho;sepower  In  m7  he  hvH 
electric  enterprises  in  Spain  numbet«d  170  nf  whi^h  k^  .  "^^^"-  ^P  *'" '-  '"e  hydro- 
produced  800  horsepower  orT>orr  r,:,  i  f  ™'^8"^<J «« important,  as  they 
Spain  amounts  TZl  tSwSToOO  C  "'^^*"«°*  "J  ''yd«'el«ctric  enterprise,  i„ 
contracts  is  $36  a  yeT^ho^;!^'  Tl^'^*"*',,?'"  '"l****  '"™°*  ^  '"P°^'»'" 
e.Jsfroni..0.08^to^0.rSJet."^tT-^^^^^^^^ 

Power  plants  classified  by  provinces  anH   hv  }rir.A  «r        * 

j^   Pfuvmces  ana  by  kind  of  motor  power  generated: 


Provinceg 


Alava . 

Albacete. 

Alicante . 

Almeria . 

Avila 

Badajoi . 

Baleares. . 

Barcelona. 

BnrgOB. 

Carcarea. 

Cadi* . 

Canariaa . 

Castellon . . . 

Ciudad  Real , 

Cordoba. 

Coruna. 

Cuenca. 

Gerona. . 

Granada .... 

Guadalajara. 

Guipuscoa. 

Huelva. 

Huesca. 

Jaen. 

Leon. 

Lerida. 

Logrono. 

Lugo. 

Madrid. 

Malaga. 

Murcia. . 

Navarra. 

Orense . 

Oviedo. . 

Palencia 

Pontevedra . 
Salamanca. 
Santander . 
Segovia. 
Seville. 
Soria. 
Tarragona . 
Teruel. 
Toledo.  . 
Valencia. . 
Valladolid , 
Vitcaya . 
Zamora.  . 
Zaragosa . 


Number  of  planta  and  their  power 


Totals 


Power  in 

kUo- 

watts 


Horse- 
power 


1,385.77 
3.362.00 
2.765.32 
780.25 
138.00 
1.188.75 
739.40 
19,040.02 
975.17 
1.328.20 
2,639.70 
1.042.00 
936.50 
3.700.86 
2,219.70 
8.887.04 
1.019.00 
2,619.81 
4,317.96 
681.39 
9.182.58 
915.03 
1,365.80 
4.077.65 
2,913.00 
1,175.60 
880.70 
701.00 
18,604.82 
2,.538.25 
4.184.00 
4.545.03 
1.542.00 
6.851.45 
652.30 
4,576.00 
1,289.20 
3.830.00 
219.70 
3,255.16 
349.50 
2,192.00 
703.30 
1,828.60 
4.592.84 
1,248.09 
6,193.06 
225.32 
3,226.97 


3,662.00 
4.219.00 
5.486.00 
1.219.00 
173.00 
2.040.00 
1,189.00 
49.669.00 
1.942.00 
2,385.00 
4.525.20 
2,138.00 
1,443.00 
5.236.28 
3.039.00 
4,783.00 
2,192.00 
8.821.30 
»    9,135.00 
763.00 
13.854.00 
2.231.00 
1,942.00 
5,289.00 
4,148.00 
834.00 
1,246.00 
500.00 
38,767.00 
4,265.00 
6,01500 
9,444  00 
1.97000 
12.084.72 
1,378.96 
5.930.00 
2,30.^.00 
4.615.00 
857.00 
4,92S.28 
744.00 
3,719.00 
970.00 
3,091.00 
9,284.00 
2,647.00 
11,.599..30 
4.S5.00 
5,546.00 


The  value  of  the  products  of  Spanish  metallurgical  industries  in  1916  was  over  $100,- 
000,000,  exceeding  any  sum  thus  far  realized  from  that  source.  The  output  of  semi-manu- 
factured iron  and  steel  greatly  increased  for  the  same  year,  amounting  to  721,746  tons. 
The  value  of  pig  iron,  iron  and  steel  sheets,  puddling  iron,  forged  iron  and  tempered  steel 
at  the  blast  furnaces  and  rolling  mills  was  $23,500,000  in  1916,  compared  with  $16,900,000 
in  1915.    The  metallurgical  industries  of  Spain  are  centered  in  the  province  of  Vizcaya. 

The  lead  refineries  turned  out  147,407  tons  of  refined  lead  in  1916,  compared  with 
171,472  tons  in  1915,  although  the  value  of  the  output  in  1916  was  approximately  $24,000,- 
000  as  compared  with  $14,000,000  the  year  before.  Important  lead  works  are  situated  at 
Penarraya,  San  Luis,  La  Tortilla  and  La  Cruz. 

For  the  past  decade,  the  annual  output  of  sulphuric  acid  amounted  to  about  20  tons, 
but  increased  in  1916  to  140,788  tons.  Five  factories  in  the  Province  of  Barcelona  which 
in  1915  were  not  productive  turned  out  80,000  tons  in  1916.  This  province  leads  in  the 
manufacture  of  both  natural  and  Portland  cement,  of  both  classes  of  which  536,346  tons 
were  produced  in  1915.  The  coke  produced  amounted  to  957,679  tons,  compared  with 
623,353,  a  maximum  for  a  decade. 

The  production  of  semi-manufactured  copper  in  1916  amounted  to  32,880  tons  com- 
pared with  34,699  tons  in  1915.  The  1916  production  consisted  of  17,507  tons  of  bUster 
copper;  11,233  tons  of  precipitate  of  copper;  1,762  tons  of  ingots;  1,500  of  wire;  and  878  of 
copper  shell. 

Of  the  140  tons  of  silver  coming  from  argentiferous  lead  mines  in  1916,  61  tons  were 
from  the  mines  of  Cordoba,  47  from  Murcia  and  24  from  Leon.  Ordinary  salt,  546,989 
tons  of  which  were  produced  in  1916  against  488,305  in  1915,  came  chiefly  from  the  salt 
gardens  of  Cadiz,  Ahcanta,  the  Balearic  Islands  and  Tarragona.  In  the  same  year  the 
zinc  factories  produced  8,528  tons  of  zinc,  an  increase  of  400  tons  over  1915. 

Spain  possesses  many  mines  and  is  rich  in  minerals.  The  total  area  of  mining  con- 
cessions in  1917  was  2,208,634  acres  of  which  1,523,732  acres  were  unproductive  and  684,902 
were  productive.  The  most  extensive  productive  concessions  were  in  the  province  of 
Cuidad  Real,  covering  489,107  acres,  those  of  Oviedo  has  a  superficial  area  of  95,788  acres, 
Leon  18,169  acres  and  Palencia  17,240  acres.  Of  the  productive  concessions  in  1916, 
quicksilver  mines  covered  485,690  acres,  coal  mines  126,784  acres,  iron  mines  20,418  acres, 
lead  14,826  acres,  lignite  8,036  acres  and  copper  7,806  acres. 


Distribution  of  mines  in  various  provinces: 

Iron 

Copper 

Coal 

Lead 

Manganeae 

Quicksilver 

Silver 

Sulphur 

Phosphorus 

Viscaya 

Santander 

Oviedo 

Navarra 

Huelva 

Seville 

Seville 

Cordoba 

Huelva 

Oviedo 

Leon 

Gerona 

Murcia 

Jaen 

Almeria 

Oviedo 
Huelva 
Seville 

Cuidad 

Real 

Oviedo 

Guadala- 
jara 

Murcia 
Alvieria 

Caceres 
Huelva 

Platinum  is  reported  to  have  been  discovered  in  Spain  in  1915. 

The  total  value  of  the  mineral  output  in  1916  was  382,855,785  pesetas  ($73,891,166)  at 
the  pit  mouth.  There  were  2,009  productive  mining  concessions  covering  an  area  of  279,767 
hectares  (691,024  acres). 


{ 

r 


•I 


380 


EXPORTEWS  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Quantity  and  value  of  the  output  of  minerala  for  1913,  1915,  1916  and  1917: 


Minerals 


1913 


Short  Tons 


Value 


1915 


Short  Tons 


Value 


Anthracite. . . 

Asphalt 

Mercury .  .  . . 

Sulphur 

Zinc 

Copper 

Tin 

Phosphorate . 

Iron 

Iron  pjrrites. 

Coal 

Lignite 

Manganese. . 

Silver 

Lead 

Argentiferotis 

lead 

Salt 

Wolfram.  . . 


1916 


Short  Tons 


Value 


255,768 

$768,135 

6.140 

13,378 

21,956 

609,273 

68,918 

93.206 

189,014 

1,185,458 

2,495,560 

6,801,022 

7,288 

21.302 

3,902 

18,583 

10,847,834 

12.082,733 

1,019,604 

1,542,389 

4,161,535 

13,430.586 

304,470 

531.780 

23,753 

45,833 

442 

453,824 

306,985 

12,794,766 

25,960 

1.030.556 

28,861 

96.549 

258 

48.036 

1917 


Short  Tons 


Value 


244,883 

4,973 

22,788 

31,830 

90.114 

1.638,292 

112 

9.988 

5,179,611 

803,624 

4,549,510 

361,033 

15.760 

231 

313.792 

3,227 

335.538 

562 


$917,251 

10.687 

791.106 

39.791 

1.182.646 

4.772.351 

27.183 

28,788 

6.871.070 

1.596.668 

18,255.600 

692.413 

53.044 

21.221 

12.903 

41,297 

335,859 

42.136 


294,895 

8,047 

21,778 

51,615 

182,658 

1.923.616 

94 

15.522 

6.442,547 

1.049.046 

4.782.519 

520.416 

15.595 

302 

286.311 

8.107 

383.831 

500 


$968,351 

17,885 

7.977,800 

335,975 

1.251.197 

6,888.253 

21.863 

48.630 

10.342.795 

2.544.604 

33.308.270 

1.099,073 

86.790 

62.962 

13.672.085 

69.496 
376,312 
176.573 


357.231 

1.998 

20.576 

93,476 

135,834 

2,091,480 

84 

30.962 

6.106.178 

414.609 

5.546.434 

701.625 

63.221 

106 

264.404 

14.539 

340.364 

600 


$2,386,805 

4,124 

676.527 

1.525.588 

1.766.227 

11.865.555 

20.419 

132.223 

7,647.736 

3.761,879 

46.413.928 

4,625,873 

405,130 

15,106 

11.875,064 

6,361 
355,286 
317.346 


Coal  production  in  Spain  for  the  years  1913  to  1918: 


Year 


Anthracite 
Short  Tons 


Soft  Coal 
Short  Tons 


Lignite 
Short  Tons 


1913. . . 
1914... 
1916... 
1916... 
1917... 
1918(a). 


Totals 
Short  Tons 


255.768 
251.132 
244.883 
294.902 
357.231 
678,927 


Note:  (a)  Subject  to  revision. 


4,161,635 
4.295.688 
4,549,610 
6,332,222 
6.546,434 
6.337,789 


304,470 
320.162 
361,034 
520,416 
701,626 
834.491 


4,721,773 
4.866,882 
6,156,427 
6,147,640 
6,605,290 
7.851.207 


At  the  beginning  of  1917  there  were  124,837,000  acres  of  land  in  Spain  under  culti- 
vation  of  which  32,699,000  were  productive  and  92,138,000  acres  unproducUve  The 
^eatest  area  IS  devoted  to  wheat  and  other  cereal  crops  fdlowed  byoliv^^p^  veg^ 
tables,  industrial  plants,  fields  and  meadows,  tubers  and  fruit  trei.    Thi^iCCH 

':^:^T.zzi:^''''  ^^^^^  ^^  ^^^^^-  ^  ^^^-^  ^^  ^^^  ^-  *^-  ^^-  -  ^Sss 

Area  and  yield  in  crops  for  the  year  1918: 


Cropa 


Wheat 

Barley 

Oats 

Rye 

Maiie 

MUlet 

Meslin 

Rice 

Beans 

Kidney  beans . 

Peas 

Chick  peas 

Lentils 

Tares 

Vetches 


Area  Acres 

Yield 
Short  Tons 

10,348.537 

4,136,690 

4,258,892 

2,207,283 

1.624,453 

990,819 

1.839,752 

862,778 

1.182,742 

686,812 

5,437 

475 

108,822 

36,272 

111.807 

232,666 

498,385 

224,678 

794,607 

202.834 

138,607 

36,139 

662,267 

130,734 

80,937 

21,614 

457,165 

97,611 

159,472 

66,805 

SPAIN 


381 


Detailed  account  of  the  production  of  grains  and  vegetables  for  1917: 


Crop* 


Acreage 


Dry 


Irrigated 


Yield  Tons 


Wheat. 
Barley. 
Oats... 
Bye... 
Com. . 


9.705.480 

123,723 

1,380,063 

1,803,608 

922,687 


634,481 

3,782,735 

18,303 

934 

262,860 


4,271,302 

1,867.705 

527,864 

676,269 

814,025 


Rice 

Canary  seed. 

Sorghum 

MUTet 

Chick  peaa. . 
Horse  beans. 

Sugar 

Sugar  beet. . 


105,655 
8,495 
3,768 
5,350 

520,316 

619,567 
4,621 

146,456 


260.370 
3.336 
1,247 
2.424 

147.823 

232.541 
70.073 

747,771 


Raw  material  entering  the  sugar  factories  in  1917  amounted  to  1,015,279  tons  from 
which  4,584  tons  of  refined  cane  sugar  and  119,592  tons  of  refined  beet  sugar  were  produced, 
making  a  total  of  124,176  tons.  This  production  was  greater  than  that  of  1916  by  8,371 
tons,  but  considerably  less  than  that  of  1912,  1913  and  1914.  The  entire  sugar  stock 
December  31,  1910,  was  calculated  to  be  84,662  tons,  with  the  sugar  produced  and  the 
sugar  imported  the  total  for  1917  was  248,010  tons.  At  the  close  of  the  year  the  stocks 
amounted  to  79,908  tons  making  a  total  consumption  of  168,102  tons  during  the  year 
Glucose  produced  in  1917  was  549  tons,  and  molasses  50,416  tons. 

The  principal  cattle  raising  region  in  Spain  is  Mancha  and  Estremadura.  This  is 
also  the  center  of  the  sheep  raising  district  and  with  Old  and  New  Castille,  Aragon,  Rioya 
and  Leonesa,  raises  more  than  two  thirds  of  all  the  Spanish  sheep  and  about  one  half  the 
goats.  Galicia  and  Asturias  produce  nearly  one  half  the  cows.  The  largest  number  of 
horses  and  mules  is  raised  in  Seville. 

Comparative  figures  for  the  livestock  census  from  1913  to  1916  inclusive: 


1013 


Horses. 
Mules.. 

ABBQB  •  • 

Cows. . 
Sheep. . 
Goats. . 
Hogs. . . 
Camels. 


541.623 

947.985 

848.807 

2,878.856 

16,441,407 

3,394,001 

2,710,185 

4,601 


1914 


1915 


1916 


524,671 

983,778 

841.411 

2,742,663 

16,128,039 

3,264,600 

2,810,024 

4,228 


512,453 

950,836 

826,204 

2,926,170 

15,994,608 

3,216,682 

2,883,081 

4,778 


488,715 

912.984 

838.648 

3.070.903 

16,012,277 

3.207,360 

2,814,465 

4,793 


Details  of  the  fisheries  for  1914: 


Ports 

Total 
Ships 
Used 

No. 

SaU 

Boats 

No. 
Steam 
Boats 

Fishermen 

Value 

of 
Fish 

Ferrol 

Cadis 

Cartagena 

223,060 

96,740 

141,560 

27,206 
13,322 
21,156 

2,619 

235 

4 

171.797 
79.674 
93,784 

$7,351,618 
3.788.582 
2.754.891 

Totals       

461,360 

61,684 

2.858 

345,255 

$13,895,091 

.1 


■fi 


ii; 


382 


Iir^^rEEl.GAZETTEEROF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


SPAIN 


383 


Factories  for  preserving  and  canning  of  fish: 


Number  of  factories 


Persons 
Employed 


Value  of 
Fish 


$3,734,047 
1.473,947 

77,886 


$5,285,880 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures: 

1  peseta  and  50  .intime^e^     The-  ,W^   ^TT  "fV'  '^'  ^'*^'  ^  ^"''  ^  I^'a. 
rates  being  15H  to  1  *  '*'"'"*  ''^'^"^  "'  ''»'"«.  KoW  ""d  sUver,  th^ 

Qumtal.m4pom>ravoripo1^   ZT;:'^^^^^^  They  a«,:    The 

^W.3M  gains;  foHnlTi^rFr^^^  -"«  ^""^ 

Inl917  the  total  length  of  Spam's  raUways  was  8,993  nules. 
Fost  Offices: 

letJ^^^Tc^iS'^^zSio/''',!;'^''''  <^«1  -  -'»<»  -vice  190,733,150 

service  34,20^98^;  "^SSTndl^Sr'  T^""'    '"  ^"^  -t^^-ti^nal 
carried.  '    ""  ",706,391  printed  papers  and  samples  were 

Telegraphs: 

telegi^p^ffi^i'^^lriollSrsii^'^  -  *^'«^^  "^^    ^"^  -  ^.«' 
Telephones: 

tota/n"r^;^;;:c.:n:i^rrt4r^'^™  "'  ^  '"**"""»  »^">^'^-  -^^ 

Consular  representatives: 

Cebu  (P.I ),  lloilo  P I  Tal»^  n'  A  ^n  f'^^'  Cincinnati.  Portland,  Philadelpia 
Mayague.  P.R  )  Poni^  rp  R  )  q!;!'  '  '^?.  o  f  ^^■^■^'  ^'^'^  'PJ^>'  ""»»'='«'  (PR) 
Norfo^ (Vl,,  sl:  Tro^t^if^-^^^^^f^^^^^^^^^^^^  Brownsville,  Galtoi' 

Language:  The  Spanish  language  is  used. 
Local  Advertising  Media: 


own  daily  newspapers.  There  are  four  general  magazines  with  large  circulations  covering 
the  whole  country,  and  several  important  trade  papers.  Posters  and  electric  display  signs, 
as  well  as  railway  stations  and  tram  cars  are  extensively  employed  as  media. 

Shipping  routes: 

Compania  Transatlantica. 

Ocean  Transportation  Corp. 

Kerr  S.  S.  Co. 

American-French-Mediterranean  S.  S.  Corporation. 

Customs  Tariff: 

The  Spanish  customs  tariflF,  divided  into  a  maximum  and  minimum  tariff,  assesses 
specific    duties    based    on   weight   on    many    hundreds   of    classifications   of    goods. 

Consular  regulations: 

No  consular  invoices  are  required.  A  "certificate  of  origin"  is  required  for  certain 
classes  of  goods. 

Cable  rates: 

Via  Havre,  or  Marseilles,  $0.38  perword;  via  Eastern  or  Direct  Spanish,  $0.40,  from 
New  York  or  New  England  states. 

Postal  rates:  Postal  Union  rates.  * 

Mail  time:  Ten  days. 

Parcels  post: 

Service  extends  to  Spain,  including  the  Balearic  and  Canary  Islands.  Limit  of  weight 
11  pounds.  Rate  12  cents  per  pound.  Parcels  for  Spain  must  be  accompanied  by  three 
customs  declarations,  those  for  the  Balearic  and  Canary  Islands  by  two.  Parcels  for  the 
Balearic  Islands  must  pay  an  additional  transit  charge  of  5  cents;  those  destined  for  the 
Canary  Islands  a  transit  charge  of  10  cents.     Parcels  can  not  be  registered. 

Money  orders:  Not  issued. 

Intemational  reply  coupons:  Issued. 


Jo 
1 


384 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


SWEDEN 


385 


SWEDEN 

(See  Map,  Page  247) 

Sweden   which  occupies  the  eastern  portion  of   the  Scandinavian  peninsula   has  «n 
wea  approxir^tely  equivalent  to  that  of  the  combined  New  England  s^^^^N^'w  Yorl 

about  the  same  size  as  Mmneapolis.  •">-'(«"  "ty,  is 

The  principal  industries  of  Sweden  are  mining,  forestry,  manufacturing  and  agriculture 
and  zmc.    The  tmiber  resources  of  Sweden  are  large  and  there  are  numerous  saw^^  „eU 

o^Z'^'jof  b'I^w.T''  r  7'  -<^,«'-'r"y.  'i'-te^l  Pri-ii-Uy  in  t^e  Ztlric 
for  tlLi^^t^  *'"'''  '""  "^^^  °°'*''""'"*-    ^"^^  «''y  »'  Gothenburg  is  likewise  a  center 

hrJ^^""'*"'*'  ^^"^  -^  '"^'^  """'^^  °"  ''y  ™»"  independent  farmers,  and  cattle 
breeding,  are  unportant  mdustries.    The  most  important  crops^  oats  rye  Srlev  wheat 

mdustnes  of  Sweden  are  also  miportant;  among  the  principal  ones  may  be  mentioned  h! 
imn  industries  and  plants  producing  machinery.  saw-miUs  and  wood  pij  ZLLxtt 
factories,  floi^  mills,  beet  sugar  works,  manufactures  of  spiriU  and  breweriL    Tre'c^ntel 

Th^  pZL  orX  T"°""  T  '"''"''•  ^'<"='''«""'  •'°"^°P'»«  -d  Gothenbur" 
I  hese  plants  produce  machinery  and  materials  of  aU  kinds,  the  greatest  single  soecialtv 
being  the  manufacture  of  cream  separators.  Another  impokant  manufactS  rdlty 
IS  the  production  of  matches,  which  centers  at  Jonkoping,  Tidaholm  and  lT 

hr  ZrX  ?^rr  °f,^*«''«°  ^^  ^''t^'^i^^  and  form  a  close  network  over  the  country  as 
far  north  as  Gefle.    Important  trunk  Unes  under  govermnent  operation  are  thos^  to  St^ck 
hoLn  Mabno  to  Gothenburg,  and  to  Christiania,  and  certain  tLu^rTti  in  t^e  Lutt" 
pother  important  hne  runs  north  from  Stockhohn  parallel  with  the  east  co^and  bralht 
off  to  the  prmcipa^  ^a  ports,  connecting  with  a  Une  from  Trondhjem  in  No^av     Tl^ 

Of  Z'l7^:t:ZTyi:^^Z^:iT2^-'''-'^^    The  per  capita  exports 

Area  and  Population 

The  population  of  pripcipal  towns  over  10,000  inhabitants  at  the  begmning  of  1918: 


Stockholm aiq  lao 

Goteborg ^^'^f 

Norrkoping ll'??i 

orTbro::::::::::::: ^'^? 

Eskilstuna ?J'°Sa 

Jonkoping 30,500 

Karlskrona ^'^J 


^S^P^"^ 25,930 

L^Ld 24,030 

Halmsttui; '.'.'.'.'..'.: 23,085 

Karlstad Jf-g^ 

Landskrona (S'2^5 

Kalmar \l'^^ 

Sundsvall {^.gS 

SodertaUe JfJfJ 

Uddevalla J^lJg 

I3,6oo 


Area,  in  square  miles,  and  population  of  Sweden,  according  to  the  census  of  1910. 


Qovernments  (Land) 


Stockholm  (city) ....... .. 

Stockholm  (rural  district) 

SooM-manland 

Ostergotland 

Jonkoping 

Kronoberg 

Kalmar 

Gottland 

Blekinge 

Kristianstad 

MalmohuB 

Halland • 

Goteborg  and  Bohua 

AlvBborg 

Skaraborg 

Varmland 

Orebro 

Vastmanland 

Kopparberg 

Gavleborg 

Vasternorrland 

Jamtland 

Vaaterbotten 

Norrbotten 

Total 


Area 

Population 

53 

342,323 

2.987 

229,181 

2.051 

128,171 

2.629 

178,568 

4.265 

294,179 

4.447 

214,454 

3.825 

157,965 

4.454 

228,129 

1,220 

55.217 

1.164 

149,359 

2.492 

228,307 

1.871 

457,214 

1,900 

147,224 

1.948 

381,270 

4.914 

287,692 

3.273 

241.284 

7.459 

260,135 

3.526 

207,021 

2,608 

155,920 

11.586 

233,873 

7,615 

253,792 

9,856 

250.512 

19.900 

118,115 

22.749 

161,366 

40,731 

161.132 

169.523 

5,522,403 

The  estimated  total  population  of  Sweden  in  1916  was  5,757,566. 

Commerce 

Value  of  the  total  foreign  trade  of  the  United  States  with  Sweden  for  eleven  years: 


Year 

Exports 

Imports 

Excess  of 
exports  (*) 

June 
30 

Domestic 

Foreign 

Total 

Free 

Dutiable 

Total 

Per 
cent 
free 

or 
imports  (-) 

1909 
1910 
1911 
1912 
1913 
1914 
1915 
1916 
1917 
1918 
1919 

16,730,672 

5,983,112 

7,971,659 

9,443,084 

12,076,527 

14,643.323 

75,780.730 

45.179.750 

44,037,099 

3,420,415 

$632 

8,784 

2,163 

7,927 

27,839 

903 

2.493.088 

6.799,995 

646,414 

702.135 

$6,731,304 

5,991,896 

7,973,820 

9,451,011 

12,104,366 

14,644,226 

78,273,818 

51,979,745 

44,683,512 

4,122,550 

98.931.638 

$471,305 

751.259 

604.199 

1.067.897 

770.965 

6,578,695 

8,516,464 

6,923.681 

18.257.938 

4,550,747 

$4,014,837 
6.079.218 
7.928,223 
8,453,858 

10.403,454 
5.011,412 
3,144,873 
6,923,200 
5.791,041 
6,085,607 

$4,486,142 

6.830.477 

8.532.422 

9.521.755 

11.174.419 

11,590,107 

11,661,337 

11,846,881 

24,048,979 

10.636.354 

5.820,070 

10.51 
11.00 

7.08 
11.22 

6.90 
56.76 
73.03 
58.44 
76.92 
42.78 

+  §5,601,939 
511,125 

-  6.279.918 

-  3,126.056 
+    8,251,711 

*  5,728,702 
+  20,085.477 
+  24,972.501 
+  40,115,779 

-  42,597,723 

*  93,111,568 

Foreign  trade  of  Sweden  during  1917: 


Countries 

Imports 

Exports 

Countries 

Imports 

Exports 

Great  Britain 

1917 

$17,441,440 

77,245,640 

30,396.560 

13,847,560 

5,368,040 

5,220,640 

1917 

$57,920,160 
94,349,400 
30,225,040 
43,606.280 
17,784.480 
34,191,440 

France 

1917 

$4,207,600 

6,190,800 

25.760,160 

17,629,040 

1917 
$17,095  720 

Germany 

Netherlands 

United  States 

Other  countries 

Total 

21,343.520 

Denmark 

Norway 

Finland 

13,515,240 
31,648,120 

Russia    . 

$203,307,480 

$361,679,400 

t  * 

ij 


.-  .^ 


386 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


SWEDEN 


387 


Value  of  the  foreign  trade  of  Sweden  by  countries  of 
years: 


origin  and  destination  for  three 


Country 


Imposts 
1914 


Great  Britain . 

Germany 

Denmark 

Norway 

Finland 

Russia 

France , 

Spain 

Italv 

Netherlands .  . . 
United  States.. 

Argentine 

Other  countries 

Total 


Exports 
1914 


Imposts 
1915 


Exports 
1915 


$39,260,634 

63,931,277 

13,841,442 

7,781.587 

2.422.526 

3.951,225 

7,739,777 

811,409 

1,564,253 

5,173,074 

20,924,424 

3,852,957 

13,556.740 


$184,811,325 


$69,229,602 

46.857,143 

19.523.776 

13.100.317 

4.641.009 

8.335.677 

8,770,373 

3,173,600 

1.100,053 

fi.Ol  1.602 

11.043.768 

1.397.418 

15,110,916 


Imports 
1916 


Exports 
1916 


$207,296,154 


$67,225,249 

67,401,556 

18,697.363 

13,531,081 

3,146,742 

4,491,484 

6.378.414 

1.237,829 

1.860,460 

7,385,064 

86,259,811 

17,957.9(i3 

18.639,364 


$304,152,410 


$88,319,374 

130.359,217 

21,545,855 

20.423.247 

10,784,181 

20,343.676 

8.436,521 

4,389,874 

2,690.365 

11,641.867 

8.945.225 

1,453.671 

23,493.570 


$352,826,643 


$44,063,341 

112.606,410 

21,330,011 

16.385,194 

2.430.279 

2,815.854 

6,314,740 

1,026.760 

1.741,611 

5.804,028 

57,334,700 

11.256,463 

22.024,852 


$305,134,243 


$86,773,994 

117,258.650 

25.150.060 

30.922.834 

16.568.721 

3.646.837 
25.887,016 

7.841.097 

4,625.477 
16.434.968 
20.205.808 

2.891.699 
27.080.332 

$384,287,473 

m 


for  ZflU:"^  '""''^  '"^^  °'  ^"^*"'  *''  "'^"P'^  conmaodities  of  import  and  export 


Imports 
1915 


Exports 
1915 


Textile  manufactxires 

Corn  and  flour .'!.'.'.*! '  * 

Colonial  wares ..!!!!.'! *  * 

Raw  textile  material  and  yarn. . 

Minerals,  of  imports,  mostly  coai 

Metal  goods,  machinery,  etc  .  

Live  animals  and  animal  food ...'.'. 

Hair,  hides,  and  other  animal  products 

Metals,  raw  and  partly  wrought 

Timber,  wrought  and  unwrought " 

Wood  pulp,  paper  and  paper  manufactures  '. 

Other  articles 


Imports 
1916 


Exports 
1916 


$16,823,036 

35.694.362 

16.450.156 

48.323.225 

62,551.197 

22.371.160 

10,155.130 

18,186.363 

22.712.410 

2.274.065 

1.578.115 

59.073,206 


$101,157,224 

242,898 

5,122,178 

27,901,839 

28,381,115 

41,830,805 

49,010,332 

7,595,488 

36,458,785 

63.140.232 

43,986.578 

38.999.681 


$22,379,606 

15.679.076 

19.678.234 

23.520.899 

81.733.879 

27.823.100 

10.329,063 

16,090,784 

25.367.368 

3.744.214 

2,463.474 

56.666.159 


$5,894,141 

1.516.078 

2,855.076 

1.222,865 

27,138.436 

68,899.351 

49.496.052 

7.095,268 

45,761,598 

88.159,742 

76,446.483 

42.923.914 


Production  and  Industry 

Agriculture: 

th«n^  f  ^^  the"  were  447,695  farms  under  cultivation  of  which  130,852  consisted  of  less 

or^'tW.  iLTT  rr  *^  ^  '^'^  '^  *•""  '*»  ""^ot*^;  "^d  2,590  consisted 

ofmore  than  100  hectar^     About  60  per  cent  of  the  area  of  Sweden  is  under  forest  the 
product  of  which  IS  one  of  her  most  valuable  exporte  and  provides  the  raw  mat^riaHor  her 
buTtW   ''  developed  manufacturing  industry.    About  io  per  cent  iTrnderldtivation 
but  the  farmmg  population  and  the  industrial  population  are  about  equal.        """"""""'■ 

$26  m^^^ll^^l^llZ"^  '°  '^'\'"^  »632,S95,226.  of  which  wheat  waa  valued  at 
»^o,i/i,su8,  rye  at  $53,178,436;  com  at  $22,621,676-  oats  at  «fi7  'ion  lift.  j„j  *  .oo 
102,916;  peaa  $7,581,788;  beans  $530,104;  veich  7^248?  To^r'Zi^tTSSmm' 
tZ.Zr'r"  rt  '^^-OOI-m;  from  spring  se^d  $78,100,56071^^^ 
$2,678,928.  Livestock  m  1918  comprised  214,822  hois^  2  ^S4  Ifin  hJT  t  tT 
1,409,470  sheep  and  Iambs  and  633,860  sheep.  '     '      '         ^^  °^  """*' 


Acreage  and  produce  of  principal  crops  during  three  years: 


Crop 


Acres 


1916 


1917 


1918 


Produce  (tons) 


1916 


1917 


1918 


Wheat 

Rye 

Barley 

Oats 

Mixed  corn 

Leguminous  crops  ®. . 

Potatoes 

Roots.  Sugar  beet  and 

other  roots 

Hay  and  fodder  plants 


317.960 
911.736 
411.907 
1.935.128 
492.068 
84.627 
367.442 

272.134 
3.180.055 


329,060 
814.317 
437.851 
1,932,503 
617.922 
94.645 
396.933 

286.426 
3.014.220 


380.762 
947.729 
457.699 
1,809.993 
651.855 
104,426 
418,635 

^  297,963 
'52.939,170 


245.987 
541.921 
298.257 

1,238.436 

369.244 

43.402 

1,497,350 

3,405,704 
4,858,764 


186.809 
357.654 
256.044 
974.576 
325.990 
39.502 
2.277.967 

3.405.477 
2.547,379 


245.019 
502.779 
254,080 
840.135 
380.080 
59.909 
1.935.840 

3.686.252 
2.123.314 


Note:  ®  Peas,  beans,  etc. 

Mines  and  Mining: 

The  mineral  resources  of  Sweden  have  always  contributed  the  principal  source  of  the 
kingdom's  wealth.  In  1917,  9,662,966  tons  of  iron  ore  were  mined,  828,968  tons  of  pig  iron 
and  487,560  tons  of  bar  iron  were  produced.  Other  mineral  products  in  the  same  year 
were  3,708  tons  of  silver  and  lead  ore,  51,310  tons  of  zinc  ore,  142,366  tons  of  sulphur 
pyrites,  19,870  tons  of  manganese  ore,  and  13,570  tons  of  copper  ore,  and  442,660  tons 
of  coal.    (For  other  data  see  under  manufactures.) 

Forestry: 

The  total  area  of  public-owned  forests  is  20,212,073  acres  and  in  1916  yielded  5,550,000 
cubic  feet  of  timber.    (For  statistics  of  wood  product  industries  see  under  manufactures.) 

Manufactures: 

The  manufactures  of  Sweden  are  of  growing  importance.  As  a  producer  of  machinery, 
such  as  separators,  and  other  dairy  machinery,  motors,  instruments  of  precision,  harvesting 
machinery,  telephone  apparatus,  and  electrical  supplies,  Sweden  has  taken  a  leading  position. 
Porcelain  is  produced  at  Rorstrand  and  Gustavsburg,  glass  at  Rejmyre  and  Kosta,  and  the 
principal  sawmills  are  located  on  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia.  Industrial  distribution  is  fairly 
widespread,  and  many  important  manufactures  are  located  in  rural  districts.  The  metal- 
lurgical and  timber  industries  are  the  oldest  and  most  important,  but  the  textile  industries 
are  gradually  becoming  a  source  of  increasing  national  wealth. 

The  number  of  factories,  employees,  and  the  value  of  the  output  of  the  Swedish  in- 
dustries: 


Industry 


Iron  mines  and  smelting  furnaces 

Other  mines  and  smelting  furnaces 

Iron  and  steel  works 

Other  metal  works 

Iron  and  steel  products  factories 

Mechanical  workshops 

Wharfs  and  dockyards 

Electric  machine  factories 

t'ectric  apparatus  factories 

Instrument  and  watch  factories 

Manufactures  of  metals  (other  than  iron  and  steel) 

Manufacture  of  articles  in  gold  and  silver 

Other  metal  industries 


No.  of 

No.  of 

Value  of 

Establishments 

Workmen 

Product 

134 

12.654 

$20,884,628 

65 

2.046 

3,402,s34 

121 

23,844 

76.477.364 

4 

871 

7,048.810 

349 

16.480 

33.021.862 

726 

53,297 

96,067,903 

86 

9,060 

11.534,596 

14 

4,070 

10,052,429 

n 

3,983 

9.294,112 

67 

1,667 

2.089,266 

162 

6,462 

23.533.995 

SS 

1,254 

1.891,085 

17 

335 

2.372.385 

Continued  on  page  388 


ff 


388 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


II 


Table  continued: 


Industry 


No.  of 
Establishments 


Coal  mines , 

Peat  industry 

Stone  quarries  and  dressing  works . 

Stone  cutting  and  polishing 

Chalk  industry 

Cement  factories 

Heavy  pottery  ware 

Brickyards 

Porcelain  and  tiles 

Glass. 


Other  stone  and  earth  product  industries 

Saw  mills [ 

Manufactures  of  cases,  etc .*..'!!.' 

Shipyards 

Joinery  and  furniture  factories .".*.*.'.* 

Other  wood  industries 

Pulp  factories ."!!..*! 

Paper  and  cardboard  factories !.!!!!!!. 

Cardboard  product  factories  and  other  paper  industries. 
Wall  paper. 


Graphic  industries 

Milling  industry 

Starch  factories 

Manufactories  of  yeast  cakes 

Bakeries 

Sugar  factories 

Sugar  refineries 

Chocolate  and  confectionery  factories 
Rum 


Distilleries 

Breweries,  etc 

Other  drinks 

Tobacco  factories 

Dairies 

Marearine  factories 

Butchers  and  grocers 

Fish  canning  and  preserve  making 

Other  food  products 

Cotton  spinning  and  weaving 

Linen,  hemp  and  jute  spinning  and  weaving. 
Wool  spinmng  and  weaving , 

Cloth ;:;, 

Ribbons,  curtains  and  embrorderies , 

Threads  and  cords , 

Clothing , 

Hats  and  caps , 

Dyeing  and  cleaning 

Other  textile  indvistries 

Tanneries 

Leather  factories ..,. 

Shoe  factories 

Rubber  factories ' . 

Other  leather  and  rubber  industries 

Paint  and  varnish  factories 

Oil,  soap,  perfume,  candles 

Fertilisers 

Carbonization  and  distillation  of  wood 

Explosives 

Match  factories 

Other  chemical  industries 

Electric  industry 

Gas  industry !....! 

Water  power  indus^ 


Grand  total. 


9 
135 
190 
06 
78 
7 
12 
335 
30 
78 
65 
1.365 
29 
35 
481 
141 
114 
74 
109 
40 
45 
850 
92 
8 
176 
22 
6 
66 
126 
7 
858 
146 
.26 
1,237 
24 
161 
65 
60 
60 
18 
117 
51 
80 
38 
ISA 
41 
80 
1ft 
188 
81 
98 
10 
•7 
M 


li 

18 
188 
810 

88 

106 


10,590 


No.  of 
Workmen 


2.348 
4,723 
4.862 
1.637 
3.879 

12.451 
98 
7,905 
2,887 
6,021 
1.286 

46,864 
627 
596 

11.116 
2,559 

13,369 

12,255 

4.683 

282 

1.667 

3.214 
460 
195 

3,893 

6,452 

2,126 

2,910 
851 
146 

6,045 
765 

4,290 

4,423 
749 

1.417 

1.152 

615 

14.007 

3.575 
10,929 

4.097 

1.260 
519 

8,051 

2,316 
944 
319 

2.238 
974 

8,958 

1.896 

1.620 
449 

1.829 
913 
796 

2,039 

6,162 

3,299 

2,606 

1.739 

1,027 


397.823 


Value  of 
Product 


1 1.710.422 
1,573.016 
2,141.421 
1.072,340 
2.060.266 
3.408.938 
84.397 
6.046.132 
2.280.021 
6.013.033 
2,397.821 
92.753.625 
1.116,120 
585,332 
11,485,512 
3,415,668 
58,311.888 
39.131,652 
4.916,922 
886.819 
1.974.879 
48,958,029 
1.21J,789 
2.830,256 
12.928.096 
9,455,403 
22.305.942 
6,764.241 
7.116,306 
10,436,191 
15.228.485 
2.915.063 
17.084,491 
28.219.982 
10.217,817 
28,087,688 
3,473,455 
6,066,336 
27.069,467 
5.841,686 
25.237,561 
6,555,548 
2,407,881 
2,426.347 
12.387,902 
3,032,834 
2,207,292 
512,649 
20,248,892 
2,372,371 
27,154,101 
5,193.526 
2.929,473 
2.389,469 
16,263,378 
5.616,768 
2,775,946 
4,982,121 
11,948.003 
13.998,303 
12.743.525 
6,976,885 
1,634,543 


SWEDEN 


389 


^*°^The*Swedi8h  language  is  closely  related  to  the  Danish.    In  commercial  correspoudence 
English  or  German  may  be  employed. 

Money,  weights  and  measures:  ,    . 

The  monetary  systems  of  Sweden,  Norway  and  Denmark  are  aUke.  The  unit  is  the 
krona  of  100  ore  with  a  par  value  of  $0,268  United  States  currency.  There  are  gold  20 
kroner  and  silver  kronor  pieces.  National  bank  notes  of  1,  5,  10,  50,  100  and  1,000  kroner 
are  issued  and  are  convertible  at  par  into  gold.  The  metric  system  of  weights  and  measures 
prevails. 

Consular  representation:  »,  ,    ..       ,  ox    i  u  i 

United  States  consular  officials  are  stationed  at  Goteborg,  Mahno  and  Stockholm. 
Swedish  consular  officials  are  stationed  at  Mobile,  Nome,  Los  Angeles,  San  Diego, 
San  Francisco,  Denver,  Pensacola,  Savannah,  Honolulu,  Chicago,  Sioux  City,  New  Orleans, 
Baltimore,  Boston,  Detroit,  Minneapolis,  Kansas  City,  Missoula,  Omaha,  New  York  City, 
Jamestown,  Grand  Forks,  Cleveland,  Portland,  Philadelphia,  Manila,  Ponce,  San  Juan, 
Galveston,  Salt  Lake  City,  Norfolk,  St.  Thomas. 

Shipping  routes : 

Swedish-American  Line. 

Consular  regulations: 

No  documents  are  required  and  no  restrictions  are  imposed. 

Customs  Tariff:  ,    .     .       /         •  ,  x  n 

The  Swedish  tariff  applies  both  ad  valorem  and  specific  duties  based  on  weight,  usuaUy 

the  latter,  on  many  classifications. 

Cable  rate:  From  New  York  and  New  England  states,  $0.38  per  word. 

Postal  rates:  Postal  Union  rates. 

Mail  time:  About  ten  days  to  Stockholm. 

Parcels  Post:  Service  extends  to  Sweden.    Limit  of  weight,  11  pounds. 

Money  orders:  Issued. 

International  reply  coupons:  VaUd. 


$101,224,939 


Local  Advertising  Media: 

There  are  several  important  daily  papers  and  an  excellent  commercial  and  engineering 
magazine  with  a  circulation  extending  into  Denmark  and  Norway.  Posters  and  electric 
display  signs,  as  well  as  railway  stations  and  tram  cars  are  extensively  employed  as  media. 


1 


Ili 


390 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


SWITZERLAND 

are  ZuHch.  Baae.,  Geneva  and  Bern.    Z^^^7^i;:^^ZMj^o'r'"'  """' 

.  large  portion^f  ^p^l^nZt^oTtZ^'^u'"^'"^'-'^'"''''''''"^' 
agriculture.  t~P"muon   ana  are  of  conaderably   more   importance  than 

The  principal  agricultural  crops  are  rve  oat«  rv^to>^.   .  u 
vegetables.    The  cultivation  of  the  grarfor'  the  ;^t^;     ^^  ^'."'°*'  '"^^  ""< 
importance.    Of  mineral  products  t^  mit  im  J7^  f"^^  "^^  ^  decreasing  in 

facturing  industries  the  H^V^^T eZ^'t  Zt  ""J  T^''  "^  '^"- 
manufacture  of  watches,  embroidery,  and  mactoJrv  In  n^  "nportant  foUowed  by  the 
shows  the  largest  amiual  turnover  U  thlt  of  or^H^n  ''°"°''' '""«»  *•>«  industry  which 
to  vi^ting  tourists.    There  are  at  ^r^tlZ^S Z::-t^ZZ"''''^-''' 

V^^^'^^'^  ^^^  of  Switzerland  amount  to  $116  59     In  IQlfi  .K.  tt  •.  j  o.  . 
supphed  23.7  per  cent  of  the  total  imports  and  took  S.s'per  ce't  ol  the  Lt^r^  '^^'^ 


SWITZERLAND 


391 


Area  and  Population 
Area  in  square  miles  and  population  of  Switzerland,  census  of  1916: 


Canton 


Area  Sq.  Miles 


Population 


Ziirich . 

Bern. 

Luzern. 


Uri. 


Schwyi 

Obwald 

Nidwald 

Glanis 

Zug 

Fribourg 

Solothurn 

Basel  Stadt  (BWe  VUle) 

Basel  Land  (B&le  Commune) 

Scbaff  hausen 

Appenzell  Rh  Ext 

Appenxell  Rh  Int 

St.  Gallen 

Graubunden 

Aargau 

Thurgau 

Tessin 

Vaud 

Valaifl 

Neuch&tel 

Geneve 


Total. 


15,976 


666 

550.000 

2.657 

683.000 

579 

170,000 

415 

24.000 

351 

61.000 

183 

18,000 

112 

14,000 

267 

34.000 

92 

30.000 

644 

144.000 

302 

126.000 

14 

141.000 

163 

81,000 

114 

53,000 

101 

60.000 

61 

15.000 

779 

304.000 

2.773 

120.000 

542 

240.000 

381 

135.000 

1,088 

160.000 

1,244 

333.000 

2,027 

138,000 

312 

138.000 

108 

170.000 

3.937.000 


Population  of  principal  cities: 


Zurich . .  . 
Geneva. . 
Basel .... 

Bern 

Lausanne . 


213.900 
139.600 
137.100 
105.000 
71.400 


Lucerne 

Chauz  deFonds. 

Biel 

Winterthur 

Neuch&tel 


44,000 
38.000 
32,400 
27.000 
23.800 


Commerce 
Eleven  year  table  of  the  total  foreign  trade  of  the  United  States  with  Switzerland: 


Year 
End<»H 

Exports 

Imports 

Excess  of 
Exports  (♦) 

June 
30 

Domestic 

Foreign 

Total 

Free 

Dutiable 

Total 

Per 
Cent. 
Free 

or 
Imports  (-) 

1909.. 
1910.. 
1911.. 
1912.. 
1913.. 
1914.. 
1915.. 
1916.. 
1917.. 
1918.. 
1910 

$747,257 

752,794 

698.986 

833,157 

795,687 

865,699 

2.718.645 

8,046.249 

22,290,609 

21.179,497 

$3,479 

3,976 

5,822 

22,198 

30,862 

153,903 

17,143 

36,267 

35.170 

66.581 

$750,736 

756,770 

704,808 

855,355 

826,549 

1.019,602 

2.735.788 

8,082.516 

22,325.779 

21.246,078 

63.223.093 

$455,263 

534.890 

479,683 

548,626 

552,661 

689,924 

1.270,498 

2,290,395 

1.188,320 

908,744 

$23,376,229 
24.674,269 
25,172.616 
23,410,071 
22,707,519 
24,639,775 
18,064,985 
19,485,018 
19,064.634 
17,954.246 

$23,831,492 
25,209,159 
25,652,299 
23,958,697 
23,260.180 
25,329,699 
19.335,483 
21.775.413 
20.252.954 
18.862.990 
18.648.788 

1.91 
2.12 
1.87 
2.29 
2.38 
2.72 
6.57 
10.52 
5.86 
4.82 

$-23,080,756 
-24.452.389 
-24.947,491 
-23,103,342 
-22,433.631 
-24.310.097 
-16.599.695 
-13.692.897 
♦2.072.825 
*2.383,088 
♦44.574,305 

Value  of  foreign  trade,  (special  commerce)  for  5  years: 


Classification 

1912 

1913 

1914 

1915 

1916 

Imports     

$384,737,256 
263,920.667 

$373,212,283 
282.151,985 

$287,402,607 
230.730,832 

$324,245,190 
322,320,808 

$459,051,465 

Exports 

472,40S.80S 

* 


392 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Value  of  special  commerce  by  principal  commodities  for  1915  and  1916: 


Articles 

Imports 

1                                                     — 
EXPOBTS 

1915 

1916 

1915 

1916 

Cereals 

$53,003,783 
6.211,319 

24,558,092 
9,835.473 
3,229.083 
7.746.634 
1.950.458 
6,300.871 
3.074.490 

28.948.842 
2,089.804 

53,859.972 

11,346,084 
5.763,559 

26,158,255 

16,815,318 

5,109,868 

4,893.322 

687,659 

11,617,512 
6.962.861 

$84,167,107 

8.283.367 

36.046.224 

8.823.960 

573,789 

14,877.019 

2.440.871 

9,467.422 

3,720,268 

33.384,36S 

3,378.851 

73.772,513 

17.070.657 

7,495.734 

32.108,252 

24.437,8.53 

15,130,042 

6.195.493 

1.111,294 

18,393.093 

8,373.498 

$2,550,495 
1.941.387 

17.820,462 

24,513,895 

923.405 

608.722 

1.544.386 

11.401.089 
4,722,903 

69,968,767 
549,085 

67.689,346 
4,774,048 
4,967.241 
2,826.906 

13.635.2.57 
7.825,378 

17.197,265 

26,365,151 

6,111,924 

374,806 

Fruits  and  vegetables '. 

$3,766,462 

Colonial  produce 

1.628.341 

Animal  food  substances ••..... 

Tobacco * '  *  ■ 

Beverages 

16.007,227 

27,017,298 

1,924.210 

Animals,  living 

3.765.816 

Hides  and  skins ..'. 

13.713.422 

Timber 

10.768.821 

Cotton  goods 

14.945,534 

Linen,  hemp,  etc.,  goods 

70,176,730 

Silk  goods 

658,937 

Woolen  goods 

103,428,507 

Clothing,  ready  made ', 

7,114,366 

Mineral  substances 

6.482,291 

Iron  work 

4,675,811 

Copper  work 

21.614,456 

Machinery 

26,573.591 

Clocks 

29,941.634 

Chemicals 

40,109,067 

Grease,  oils,  etc 

8,429,468 

338,522 

1  otal , 

$324,245,790 

$459,051,465 

$322,320,808 

$472,408,995 

1916 


Value  of  special  trade  with  principal  countries  of  origin  and  destination  in  1915  and 


Countries 


Imports 


1915 


1916 


Exports 


1915 


1916 


United  States . . . 

Germany 

France 

Italy 

Austria  Hungary 
United  Kingdom 
Russia 


$62,625,955 
80.719.162 
36.4H0.281 
49.940.873 
12.679.714 
21.622.755 
1.627,955 


$108,999,259 
91.158,146 
45,621,919 
75,318.443 
8.635.399 
30.787.167 
165,980 


$20,682,266 
88.262.567 
42.555.149 
17.270.798 
30.218,782 
68,538,932 
5,648,145 


$25,598,362 
136.755,554 
77.420,792 
28.939.771 
37,706,410 
81.838,176 
11.784,580 


Production  and  Industry 

Agriculture : 

The  estimated  acreage  of  productive  land  in  1917  was  5,733,445;  the  number  of 
farmers,  182,291. 

Area  planted  to  grain  in  1918  as  compared  with  1917,  and  production  in  1918: 


Kind  of  Grain 


Area,  Acres 


1917 


Wheat: 

Winter .  . 

Summer. 

German. 
Rye: 

Winter. . 

Summer . 
Barley: 

Winter.  . 

Summer . 

Oats 

Com 


1918 


Production 
in  1918. 
Bushels 


809,604 

6,523 

43.442 

38,765 
3.291 

3.375 
15,676 
70.619 

4.890 


139.277 
11,490 
66,720 

48.185 
4.027 

2,441 
23.079 
78.875 

9.068 


1.443.018 
491,724 

904.705 

65,887 

95.098 
2.701 


SWITZERLAND 


393 


Potato  crops  during  five  years: 


Year 


Acreage 


Short  Tons 


Year 


Acreage 


Short  Tons 


1914. 
1915. 
1916. 


114.903 
121.081 
134,671 


573,201 
920.429 
551,155 


1917. 
1918. 


135,288 
147,767 


1,152,796 

881,848 


Livestock  was  owned  (1916)  by  262,111  persons  and  consisted  of  136,836  horses  and 
4  367  mules  owned  by  74,918  persons;  1,615,893  head  of  cattle,  of  which  849,011  were 
c^ws  and  were  owned  by  207,523  persons;  544,563  swine,  172,938  sheep  and  358,887  goats 
owned  by  198,213  persons.  j         ,        j 

The  principal  agricultural  mdustries  are  the  production  of  cheese  and  condensed 
milk  The  daily  production  of  milk  m  1917  averaged  5,618,098  gallons;  the  daUy  pro- 
duction per  cow  averaging  7  gaUons.  The  estimated  total  milk  production  m  1918,  was 
1  786  000  000  gallons,  of  which  1,692,000,000  gallons  was  cows  milk,  of  this  amount 
535  800  000  gaUons  were  converted  into  other  products,  470,000,000  gallons  into  cheese, 
47  000  000  gallons  into  condensed  milk,  and  18,800,000  gallons  into  miscellaneous  pro- 
ducts. '  During  the  same  year  there  were  produced  62,920,000  pounds  of  cheese,  28,820,000 
pounds  of  butter  and  55,000,000  pounds  of  condensed  milk. 

^^^'^here  are  67  mines  in  Switzerland  employing  a  total  (1915)  of  894  persons.    In  1917 
the  production  of  the  5  salt  mining  districts  was  1,679,273  pounds  (1,520,118  m  1916). 

^'^The  principal  manufacturing  industries  are  textile  machinery,  located  in  Zurich, 
shoes,  silk,  located  in  Zurich  and  Basel;  cotton,  in  Zurich;  machine  embroideries  and  lace 
work  in  St.  Gall,  Appenzell  and  Thurgau.  There  were  1,860  embroidery  establishments 
operating  8,100  machines  in  1914.  Watch-making,  centers  in  Geneva,  Locle,  Chaoux-de- 
Fonds  and  Bienne.  Zurich,  Geneva  and  Basel  are  the  commercial  centers.  An  unport- 
ant  industry  is  the  hotel  industry.  -10,7 

Distribution  of  manufacturing  enterprise  according  to  geographical  location  in  lyi/, 
and  the  number  of  employees  in  1916.    ^ ___^^^^^^^ 


Cantons 


Number  of 
Establish- 
ments 


Number  of 
Employees 


Cantons 


Niunber  of 
Establish- 
ments 


Number  of 
Emploj-ees 


Ziirich 

Berne 

Lucerne 

Uri 

Schwys 

Okwald 

Midwald .... 

Claris 

Zug 

Freiburg .... 
Solothurn.  .  . 
Basel  Stadt.. 
Basel  Land .  . 
SchafThausen . 


1,450 

1,368 

216 

17 

91 

19 

28 

116 

57 

116 

335 

358 

159 

108 


63,312 

52,211 

9.860 

1.732 

4.173 

292 

618 

7,622 

3,722 

4,736 

25,820 

17.789 

7,182 

10,209 


Appenzell  Rh.  Ext. 
Appenzell  Rh.  Int. 

St.  Gall 

Grisons 

Aargau 

Thurgau 

Tessin 

Vaud 

Valais 

Neuch&tel 

Geneva 


218 
10 
894 
160 
577 
421 
261 
638 
91 
667 
495 


Total . 


8,992 


4,871 

200 

30.236 

3,066 
32,625 
16,169 

6.824 
17,343 

3.852 
20,003 
16.039 


360,506 


Number  of  workers  in  most  important  industries  (1916) : 


Cotton  industry 

Silk  industry 

Embroidery  industry .... 
Other  textile  industries. . 

Clothing  industry 

Foods,  etc 

Chemical  industry. 


30,837 
33,700 
24,192 
13,028 
34,238 
33,096 
15,292 


Gas,  water,  electricity 

Paper  industry 

Woodworking 

Metallurgy 

Machinists ,•  •  • 

Jewelry  and  watchmaking . 
Earth  and  stone  work .... 


4.035 
18.530 
17,974 
32.618 
52,645 
44.476 
11.323 


i 
t 


«    r 


-I 


394 


EXPORTERS  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


TURKEY 


895 


!, 


Railways : 

The  state  raOways  in  1917  had  a  mileage  of  3,675;  there  were  also  35  mUes  of  foreign 
railway  within  the  country.  *^ 

Telegraphs,  Telephones,  Post-ofl5ces: 

There  were  1,980  miles  of  telegraph  line  and  2,407  offices  in  Switzerland  in  1917  In 
the  same  year  there  were  591  telephone  systems  with  12,240  miles  of  line  handling  94  187  241 
conversations.    There  were  also  4,086  post  offices.  '       ' 

Money: 

The  unit  is  the  Franc  of  10  Batzen  and  100  Centimes,  or  Happen,  which  has  a  par 
value  of  f0.193  United  States  currency.    There  are  notes  of  50,  25,  20  and  5  francs. 
Weights  and  Measures: 

The  metric  system  prevails.  Other  weights  and  measures  in  use  are  the  Centner- 
50  kilograms  and  100  pfund-110  pounds;  the  quintal -100  kilogrames -220  pounds 
the  arpent  - 1  acre.  ' 

Language: 

The  French  language  is  spoken  in  the  cantons  of  Geneva,  Neuchdtel,    Vaud,    Valais 
and  Fribourg,  Itahan,  in  the  canton  of  Tessin,  or  Ticino,  and  German  m  all  the  others. 
Local  Advertising  Media: 

There  are  important  daily  papers  in  Berne,  Geneva,  Lucerne  and  Zurich  The  chief 
newspaper  m  Zurich  is  printed  in  German  and  is  a  very  powerful  medium*.  Although 
there  are  a  number  of  magazines  and  trade  papers  in  Switzeriand,  they  are  for  the  most  part 
of  secondary  importance.  Posters  and  electric  display  signs,  as  weU  as  raUway  stations 
and  tram  cars  are  extensively  employed  as  media. 
Consular  representatives: 

The  United  States  consular  officials  are  staUoned  at  Basel,  Berne,  Geneva.  St.  GaU 
and  Zurich.  '         ^'•^t 

Switzerland  maintains  consular  officials  at  the  following  places* 
V    ifn^'/'^f '''';  ^*-^^"^'  Philadelphia,  Denver,  St.  Louis,  Manila,  Washington,  New 
^ttti?      ^*^''^*^"'  ^^^"^8°'  Cincinnati,  Virgin  Islands,   New  Orleans,  Portland,  and 

Shipping  routes:    See  under  Belgium  and  France. 
Customs  Tariflf: 

The  Swiss  tariff  assesses  specific  duties  based,  in  the  majority  of  instances,  on  gross 
weights,  upon  more  than  a  thousand  classifications  or  goods. 
Consular  Regulations: 

No  consular  documents  are  required.      There  are  no  restrictions  as  to  marks,  weights, 

Cable  rates:    Thirty  cents  a  word  from  New  York  or  New  England  states. 

Postal  rates:    Postal  Union  rates. 

Mail  time:    Eight  to  10  days  via  Paris,  from  New  York. 

Parcel  post:    Service  does  not  extend  to  Switzerland. 

Money  orders:    Issued. 

International  reply  coupons:    Issued. 


TURKEY 


Until  the  negotiation  of  a  treaty  of  peace  with  Turkey,  the  extent  to  which  that 
country  will  suffer  territorial  losses  cannot  be  finaUy  determined.  It  is  probable  however 
that  Turkey  will  not  only  lose  the  greater  part  of  her  European  territory,  but  Armema, 
Palestine  and  Mesopotamia,  most  of  Arabia  and  Syria.  U  this  is  the  case  the  sole  remam- 
ing  possessions  of  Turkey  will  be  the  region  lying  behind  Ck)nstantinople,  and  Anatoha  m 
Asia  Minor. 

Agriculture  and  mining  were  the  principal  industries  of  Turkey  before  the  war.  Both 
of  these  industries  were,  however,  carried  on  with  the  most  primitive  methods.  Cereal 
crops,  tobacco,  cotton,  flax  and  grapes  and  coffee  were  the  principal  agricultural  products. 
Iron,  manganese,  coal,  gold,  zinc  and  copper  were  the  most  important  mmeral  products. 
Sericulture  was  extensively  carried  on.  Manufacturing  was  relatively  ummportant,  bemg 
largely  confined  to  some  textile  mills,  chiefly  at  Smyrna  in  Syria,  and  the  weavmg  of  carpets 
and  rugs. 

Constantinople,  the  principal  city  of  Turkey,  is  an  important  port  and  trade  center. 
Smyrna,  in  Syria,  is  the  most  important  center  of  the  trade  of  the  Levant. 

Area  and  Population 
No  definite  information  is  available  with  respect  to  the  area  and  population  of  Turkey, 
since  the  whole  question  of  the  distribution  of  former  Turkish  possessions  remams  to  be 
settled  by  the  treaty  of  peace  with  Turkey  which  is  to  be  presented  in  1920.  As  formerly 
constituted,  between  the  close  of  the  first  Balkan  war  in  November  1913  and  the  close  of 
the  great  war,  the  Turkish  Empire  comprised:  (1)  Turkey  in  Europe,  with  an  area  of 
10,882  square  miles  and  a  population  of  1,891,000;  (2)  Asia  Minor,  with  an  area  of  199,272 
square  miles  and  a  population  of  10,186,900;  (3)  Armenia  and  Kurdestan,  with  an  area  of 
71,990  square  mOes  and  a  population  of  2,740,900;  (4)  Syria,  with  an  area  of  114,530  square 
miles  and  a  population  of  3,675,100;  (5)  Mesopotamia,  with  an  area  of  143,250  square  miles 
and  a  population  of  2,000,000;  and   (6)  Arabia. 


.F^ 


n 


r, 


\\\ 


i 


396 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


TURKEY 


397 


decla^d  iU  independence;  Ar.,Cr:^lIi';V:l^,^^ZndZt,  ^ 

^t  ^T^  *""  """  r-'^'"*'  "^  "-  -"'^''^d  "y  eight Tndepe^enft~tt' 
These  e^ht  governments  are:    The  Kingdom  of  the  Hedjaz,  which  has  been  re^l?  J 

as  an  mdependent  sovereignty  by  the  Peace  Conference;  the  EWte  oS ^^  W 

Cen^M  Arabia  (capital  Riyadh);  the  Emirate  of  Jebel  Shammar  wWch  h^  ^t^T  II 

of  Ne,d  (capital  Hail);  the  principate  of  Asir,  on  the  west  Z^  o/  Irl^Z^JnlZ 

and  Yemen  (capital,  Sabijah);  the  Imamate  of  Yemen;  the  SijLu^te  of  K^w^t  ^^l' 

Jra  «<^j7BriLrlT,  'T''  'T'"^  ""''*'  *''*  '"^^"^"ty  of  the  Sultan,  altho^h 
practicaliy  a  British  protectorate,  was  formerly  declared  a  British  protectorate 

n>ateSl,UM  " u?  °'  T^tl'  '°"'"''""  "°""^  '«<'"-  TurkeyT^Tt^of  approxi- 

ac::StSrrcfa:^rmt^'^srMt^^^^^^ 


Principal  cities  and  towns  with  approximate  populations: 


Sm^n?"""""'* 1-000.000 

Damas/>iio 375,000 

Alep^     250.000 

is?  (^ciipied  by-  GWatBritainj '.  [  fis.'oOO 

BrSwa 150.000 

Jerusalem  (occupied  by  Great  Britain)  SS.'OOO 

Adnanople «-»  nXn 

Mofitil                   83.000 

^•tv«ui Q^  (Yin 

Baara  (occupied  by  Great  Britain); .' .' .'  io.'ooo 


Erierum .  , 
Horns. . . . 
Kerbela.  . 

SivAs 

Hama. . . . 
Trebizond , 
Kaisarieh . 

Konia 

Jaffa. 


Gata  (occupied  by' Great  Britain) , 


80,000 
70,000 
65,000 
65,000 
60,000 
55.000 
54,000 
45,000 
45.000 
40,000 
40,000 


Commerce 
Total  foreign  trade  of  the  United  States  with  Turkey  for  11  years: 


Year 

ended 

June 

30 


Exports 


Domestic 


Foreign 


Total 


Imports 


Free 


1909 

1910 

1911 

1912 

1913 

1914 

1915 

1916 

1917 

1918 

1919 


Dutiable 


S2.51 1.482 

2,340,160 

3,925.601 

3,786,789 

3.301.557 

3.308,382 

993.586 

42,169 

167,169 

305,557 


Total 


$6,660 
17,512 
14,452 
11,379 
12,264 
20,137 
534 


$2,518,142 

2,357,672 

3.940,053 

3,798,168 

3,313.821 

3.328.519 

994.120 

42,169 

167,515 

305,557 

9,722,028 


Per 
cent 
free 


Excess  of 
exports  (♦) 

or 
imports  (-) 


$2,813,479 

3,472.561 

3.477,646 

2,927,195 

3,607,754 

3.396,220 

1.718.253 

78,090 

2,662 

3.240 


$9,615,649 

12,881,340 

14,213,166 

16.281.731 

18.551,531 

17,446,857 

10,510,454 

786.395 

332,928 

218.799 


$12,429,128 

16,353.901 

17,690.812 

19.208.926 

22.159,285 

20,843,077 

12,228,707 

864,485 

335,590 

222,039 

12,534,210 


22.64 
21.23 
19.66 
15.24 
16.28 
16.29 
14.05 

".'78 
1.46 


$-9,910,986 
-13.996,229 
-i3.750.759 
-15.410.758 
-18,845.464 
-17.514.558 
-11,234.587 
-822,316 
-168,075 
♦83.518 
-2.812.162 


Imports  and  exports  by  articles  for  the  year  1913-1914: 


Articles 


Imports 


Exports 


Animals,  live. 

Food  products  (ammaH  .  . ;••:,•,••, •.•  •  •  •  • 

Cereals  vegetables,  baker's  and  miller's  products. 

Fruits  and  vegetables,  fresh  and  preserved 

Trees,  seeds,  kernels  and  other  plants 

Cofifee.  cocoa,  tea  and  spices 

Sugar  and  sweets. 


Tobacco 

Liauors,  mineral  waters .............; ;  ••,••.••  j" "  1' 

Oils:  vegetable,  animal,  mineral,  lubricating  oils  and  their  products 

Manure,  hides;  combustibles. •.••••, ;•  •  •, 

Chemical  products,  materials  for  tanning,  dyes  and  colors 

Drugs,  medicines  and  perfumes 

Rosins  and  prepared  cement 

Arms  and  ammunition ;  •  •  •  j 

Earth,  stones;  manufactures  of  earth  and  stone 

Common  metals,  and  manufactures  of 

Wood,  and  manufactures  of 

Rags,  paper,  manufactures  of — stamped 

Hides,  manufactures  of  hides  and  fur 

Textile  industry • 

Rubber  and  manufactures  of 

Machines,  wagons  and  boats 

Watches,  clocks  and  musical  instruments 

Fez,  hats,  feathers  and  artificial  flowers 

Works  of  art  and  scientific  instruments 

Jewelry,  fine  hardware  and  haberdashery 

All  other  articles 


Total 


$28,043,655 
28.507.222 

239.182.209 

15,536,912 

1.040,678 

55,478,782 

160,551,420 

■24,'96'9',728 
81,540,153 
23,378,828 
27,212,949 
12,052,172 
3,916,514 
16,497,081 
40,275,734 

172,069,532 
42,233,243 
31,038,410 
69,832,927 

689.355.385 
15,961,593 
43,977,064 
9,043,506 
13,049,778 
10,738,872 
30,521,791 
28,595,504 

$1,914,701,642 


$30,831,196 
50,645,421 
99,036,852 

219.757.779 

15.084.930 

11,120.267 

4,954,062 


644.774 

46,691.542 

24,904,648 

35,040,567 

69,485,793 

5,650.079 

718,839 

6.178,967 

28,120,928 

13,527,421 

2,130,864 

38,806,267 

270,244,710 

407,484 

192,478 

208,158 

47,448 

145,469 

764,128 

125,913 


$975,466,984 


Total  foreign  trade  of  Turkey  with  principal  countries  during  the  year  1913-1914: 


Country 


Imports 


Exports 


Country 


Imports 


EXPOBTS 


England 

Germany 

Austria  Hungary 

Italy 

Spain 

Persia 

Switzerland 

United  States... 

Belgium 

Bulgaria 

Russia 

Roumania 

Japan 


$373,106,731 

171,451,796 

336,728,559 

160,545,918 

2,239,380 

30,401,048 

8,523,647 

28,515,271 

73,467,194 

88,125,943 

123,102,860 

47,060,706 

1,023,968 


$236,293,792 

57,618,200 

96,530,744 

65,091,061 

1,988,425 

1,962,977 

157,363 

44.379.260 

26.998,792 

35,073,090 

40,107,984 

23,293,548 

134.498 


Serbia 

Netherlands.  .  . 

France 

Montenegro.  .  . 

Greece 

India 

Tunis 

Turkey  in  Asia. 

Egypt 

Other  countries 

Total 


$20,358,131 

36,623,258 

172,911.422 

210.854 

11.005.758 

85,212.562 

808.925 

93,393 

51.211.612 

49.644,249 


1,872,463,185 


$13,372,723 

14.691.443 

193,750.933 

2.220.972 

16.807.423 

11.203.462 

358.668 

523,338 

69,710,805 

19,237,590 


1,171,507,091 


Production  and  Industry 

Agriculture  is  the  principal  industry,  and  the  soil  is,  in  general,  very  fertile,  but  the 
agricultural  methods  used  are  most  primitive.  The  principal  products  are  tobacco,  cereals, 
figs,  cotton,  nuts,  grapes,  olives  and  fruits,  coffee,  opium,  gums,  and  madder.  In  Asiatic 
Turkey  there  were  in  1913,  16,567,775  acres  under  cultivation,  of  which  13,689,474  were 
under  cereals,  473,085  acres  were  under  fruit  and  vegetables,  1,213,530  acres  were  under 
vines  and  779,982  acres  were  under  cotton,  flax  and  other  plants. 

Coffee  is  cultivated  in  the  region  of  Hodieda,  opium  in  Konia,  tobacco  in  both  European 
and  Asiatic  Turkey.  Flour  milling  is  carried  on  in  Smyrna  and  the  methods  are  being 
improved.  There  are  about  21,000,000  acres  of  forest  land,  principally  pine,  oak,  larch, 
fir  and  cedar,  of  which  about  3,500,000  acres  are  in  European  Turkey.  Mulberry  planta- 
tions are  extensively  cultivated. 


I 


\* 


!i 


398 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Asiatic  Turkey  is  rich  in  minerals  which  have  not  been  developed.  There  are  chrome 
mines  near  Mersrna,  silver  mines  in  Konia,  zinc  mines  at  Karasu  and  in  Aidin,  manganese 
m  Koma  aiid  at  Aidin,  copper  at  Tereboli,  near  Trebizond,  and  at  Arghana  Maden.  near 
JJiarbekr;  borax,  emery,  and  asphalt  are  also  mined;  coal  and  Ugnite  are  mined  at  Heraclea- 
petroleum  m  the  Tigns  valley,  in  Asia  Minor,  and  on  the  north  shore  of  the  Sea  of  Marmora' 

Sm™/'°^''r!^  "^  ^l"""'''  ^'^'^  ^  ^^'^^  ^  ^^PP^  ^^  Ad^*'  K«ld  and  silver  nea; 
femyma  and  hthographic  stone  near  Brussa.  Fisheries  are  important  but  carried  on  in  a 
primitive  m^er  sponges  being  the  principal  product  of  the  Mediterranean,  mother  of 
pearl  of  the  Red  Sea  and  pearls  of  the  Persian  Gulf  shores. 

Manufacturing  industries  are  relatively  unimportant  and  are  confined  to  woolen 
^inmng  (Panderma),  and  cotton  weaving  (Smyrna)  mills.  Carpets  and  rugs  are  the 
pnncipal  manufactures  largely  carried  on  by  hand  looms  in  small  establishments. 

Railways: 

IB  A^atJf  Turkey  ""'"^  ^'^^  °^^  ""^  '*"''*^  ''^''  ^  European  Turkey  and  2,865  miles 

Post  Offices,  Telegraphs,  etc.: 

There  are  1,814  post  offices  and  1,017  telegraph  offices.  Length  of  telegraph  lines 
appro^ately  29,000  miles;  of  wire,  49,000  miles.  There  ^re  electric  tramwf y  sys^m" 
in  Constantmople,  Smyrna,  Damascus  and  Beyrouth. 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures: 

The  unit  of  currency  is  the  Turkish  pound  (£  T.)  with  a  par  value  of  $4.40  U  S 
cZZ*2  I  I'nT"^  is  divided  into  100  piastres,  each  of  which  equals  40  para.    Sil've; 

The  principal  weights  and  measures  are: 

T^e  Oke— 2.198  pounds  avoirdupois 
£^1"— 124.08  pounds 
.,    5»leh— about  1  bushel 
,.    fndaze  (cloth  measure)— 25.25  inches 
^    Arsbin  (land  measure) — 30  inches 

I^onum  (land  measure)— 1 ,098  square  yards 


The  metric  system  is  exclusively  used  in  foreign  trade. 


Language: 

Shipping  routes: 

Cunard  Line. 
A.  H.  Bull  &  Co. 
Independent  S.  S.  Corp. 
American-Mediteeranean-Levant  Line. 

Customs  tariflf: 

exceJttTdl'!?  "f  "™  ^-   ^"«*o°^  duties  of  11  per  cent  are  levied  upon  all  articles 

i^vTa^^™     7"^''^^  ":f  P'''^^"'  '*^"^  ^^  agricultural  implements.    Gold  and 
sflver  artid3s  aw  taxed  at  specie  rates.    Agricultural  implement*  are  admitted  duty  free. 


TURKEY 


399 


Consular  regulations: 

No  consular  documents  are  required.    A  "certificate  of  origin"  in  French  must  be 
certified  by  the  Turkish  consul  at  the  port  of  shipment;  charge  $2.00. 
Cable  rates:   Turkey  in  Europe,  $0.36  per  word,  Turkey  in  Asia,  $0.45,  from  New  York 

York  or  New  England  states. 
Postal  rates:  Postal  Union  rates.    Mail  may  be  registered. 
Mail  time:  Eleven  days. 

Parcels  Post:  r.  •    • 

Service  extends  to  Syria  and  Palestine  with  same  conditions  as  given  for  Great  Bntam. 
Limit  of  weight,  11  pounds.  Postage  rates  for  Syria:  one  pound,  68  cents;  two  pounds, 
80  cents;  three  pounds,  92  cents;  four  pounds,  $1.20;  five  pounds,  $1.32;  six  pounds,  $1.42; 
seven  pounds,  $1.56;  eight  pounds,  $1.84;  nine  pounds,  $1.98;  ten  pounds,  $2.08;  eleven 
pounds,  $2.20.  The  rates  for  Palestine  are:  one  pound,  $0.58;  two  pounds,  $0.70;  three 
pounds',  $0.82;  four  pounds,  $1.10;  five  pounds,  $1.22;  six  pounds,  $1.32;  seven  pounds; 
$1.46;  eight  pounds,  $1.74;  nine  pounds,  $1.86;  ten  pounds,  $1.98;  eleven  pounds,  $2.10. 

Money  orders:  Issued  for  Syria. 
International  reply  coupons:  Not  issued. 


-  w 

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400 


I 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


I  ■' 


I 

1  i 

i 

^^^^^^^1 

TK    n^f^  KINGDOM  OF  GREAT  BRITAIN  AND  IRELAND 

U„H  .  ^  w^  Kingdom  consists  of  the  two  British  Islands  comprising  England  Scot- 
bnd  and  Wa^es,  and  Ireland,  together  with  numerous  adjacent  blan^  Sm  tht 
Channel  and  Jersey  Islands  and  the  Isles  of  Man  and  Wight  mcluding  the 

In  th?fi»y,l"'*"'  ^'"5^°'",'"^  "•'"'y^  been  t^e  largest  export  market  of  the  United  States. 


UNITED  KINGDOM 


401 


By  reason  of  the  fact  that  the  United  I^gdom  is  a  free-trade  country,  it  is  an  especially 
important  market  for  American  manufactured  goods,  and  in  this  respect  also,  although 
itself  an  exporter  of  manufactured  products,  the  United  Kingdom  is  our  largest  smgle 
customer. 

The  per  capita  foreign  trade  of  the  United  Kingdom  in  1919  was  $273.64,  as  compared 
with  $148.18  in  1913.  The  per  capita  imports  in  1919  amounted  to  $172.13,  as  compared 
with  $81.16  in  1913.  The  per  capita  exports  in  1919  amounted  to  $101.51,  as  compared 
with  $67  02  in  1913.  The  share  of  the  United  States  in  the  import  trade  of  Great  Britain 
in  1918  amounted  to  23  per  cent.  The  share  of  the  United  States  in  the  export  trade  of 
Great  Britain  amounted  to  4.6  per  cent. 

Area  and  Population. 
Area  in  square  miles  of  the  great  divisions  of  the  United  Kingdom: 


DivisioDS 


Sq.  Miles 


Divisions 


EDgland . 
Wales. , . 
Scotland , 
Ireland. . 


50,874 

7.466 

30,405 

32,586 


Population  of  the  United  Kingdom  in  detail: 


England 


Counties 


Population 


Counties 


Bedford 

Berks 

Bucks 

Cambridge . 
Chester .  .  . . 
Cornwall .  . . 
Cumberland 

Derby 

Devon 

Dorset 

Durham... . 

Essex 

Gloucester. . 

Hants 

Hereford .  . . 
Hertford.  .  . 
Huntingdon 

Kent 

Lancaster.  . 
Leicester .  . . 

Lincoln 

London . . . , 


197,660 

303.428 

193,951 

215,122 

895,410 

325,315 

265,780 

547,768 

701.981 

220,502 

1,377,176 

1,329,466 

672,581 

915,503 

113,088 

2S6,998 

48,105 

1,019.870 

4,825.739 

481,115 

557. .543 

4,522,961 


Middlesex 

Monmouth 

Norfolk 

Northampton . .  . 
Northumberland . 
Nottingham .... 

Oxford 

Rutland 

Salop 

Somerset 

Stafford 

Suffolk 

Surrey 

Sussex 

Warwick 

Westmoreland .  . 

Wiltshire 

Worcester 

York 


Wales 


Counties 


Population 


Counties 


Anglesey .  . . 

Brecon 

Cardigan .  .  . 
Carmarthen 
Carnarvon . , 

Denbigh 

Flint 


35,268 

56,380 

80,768 

151.077 

141,776 

136,819 

69.737 


Sq.  Miles 


Isle  of  Man. . .  . 
Channel  Islands 

Total 


227 

75 


121.633 


Population 


1,144.758 
414.730 
488,6,30 
363,892 
697,014 
716,517 
198.499 
21,168 
266.054 
491,320 

1,359,718 
382,748 
666,876 
919,977 

1.024,198 

63.575 

279.391 

.562,383 

3,969.151 


Total 34,047.659 


Population 


Glamorgan .  . 
Merioneth. . . 
Montgomery 
Pembroke .  .  , 
Radnor 

Total .  . 


1,130.818 
60,292 
62,202 
84,869 
17,504 


2,027,610 


402 


P! 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


UNITED  KINGDOM 


403 


Scotland 


Counties 


Population 


Counties 


Aberdeen on  n^n 

Argyll ...!!.;!.:; ; 311.300 

Ayr 

Banff .'.'!!.' .".!.*  .■.■.* 

Berwick 

Bute 

Caithness !!.'..!."."!! 

Clackmannan 

Dumbarton 

Dumfries 

Edinburgh ........' 

Elgin  or  Moray .  . 

Fife .......■.'.■.■.■;.■.■ 

Forfar . 

Haddington 

Invemes.s 

Kincardine 


70.901 

268.332 

61,402 

29,643 

18,186 

32,008 

31,121 

139.831 

72.824 

507.662 

43.427 

267.794 

281.415 

43,253 

87,270 

41,007 


Population 


Kinross 

Kirkcudbright 

Lanark 

Linlithgow 

Nairn 

Orkney 

Peebles 

Perth 

Renfrew 

Ross  and  Cromarty. 

Roxburg 

Selkirk 

Shetland 

Stirling 

Sutherland 

Wigtown 


Total . 


7,528 
38,363 
1.447,113 
79,456 
9,319 
25.896 
15.258 
124,339 
314.594 
77.353 
47.192 
24.600 
27.911 
161.003 
20.180 
31.990 


4,759.521 


Ireland 


Counties 


Population 


Counties 


Leinster 

Carlow 

Dublin 

Kildare 

Kilkenny 

King's 

Longford 

Louth 

Meath [[[ 

Queen's * 

Westmeath 

Wexford 

T^cklow 

-,,  Munster 

Clare 

Cork  A  Co  Boro .... 

Kerry 

Limerick 

Tipperary 

Waterford 


n 


Population 


36.151 
476.909 
66.498 
74.821 
56,769 
43.794 
63.402 
64.920 
54.362 
59.812 
102.287 
60.603 

104.064 
391.190 
159.268 
142.846 
151.951 
83,766 


Ulster 

Antrim  &  Belfast  Co.  Boro 
i^rmagh 

Ca^*n-; 

Donegal 

Down 

Fermanagh 

Londonderry * ." ' 

Monaghan 

Tyrone \[[] 

Connaught 
Galway 

I^itrim '.'.... 

Mayo 

Roscommon ... 

siigo ; 


Total . 


478,603 
119,625 

91.071 
168.420 
304.589 

61.811 
140,621 

71.395 

42,437 

181.686 
63.557 

191.969 
93.904 
78.850 


4,381,951 


Isle  of  Mav  and  Channel  Isla 


NDS 


Islands 


Population 
(1911) 


Isle  of  Man 

Jersey 

Guernsey,  Henn,  and  Jethou. 

Aldemey 

Sark,  Brechou,  and  Lihou . . 


Population  of  principal  cities  of  the  United  Kingdom 


Area 
(acres) 


145.325 

28.717 

16.018 

1,962 

1.386 


City 


Population 


City 


Greater  London . 
Birmingham  .  .  .  . 

Glasgow 

Liverpool 

Manchester 

Sheffield 

Leeds 

Dublin 

Belfast 


Population 


7.251.358 
840.202 
784.496 
746,421 
714.333 
459.916 
445.550 
403.030 
399.000 


Bri.stol 

Edinburgh. . 
Bradford . . . 
Kingston .  . , 
Newcastle.  . 
Nottingham 
Dundee.  . . . 
Aberdeen ... 
Norwich  .  ,  .  , 


357.000 
320.318 
288.458 
277,991 
266.603 
259.904 
165.004 
163.891 
121.478 


Commerce. 
Eleven  year  table  of  the  total  foreign  trade  of  the  United  States  with  the  United 

Kingdom: 


Year 

ended 

June 

30 

7909 
1910 
1911 
1912 
1913 
1914 
1915 
1916 
1917 
1918 
1919 


EXPOBTS 


Domestic 


Foreign 


Total 


Imports 


Free 


Dutiable 


Total 


Per 
cent 
free 


Excess  of 
exports  (♦) 

or 
imports  (-) 


$509,676,577 

496.077,726 

567,813,119 

558.964,832 

592,462,348 

590,387,927 

901,963.649 

1.520.930.517 

2,041.165.774 

1,989,812,491 


$$4,950,788 
9,475,145 
8,800,855 
5,407,354 
4,686,711 
3.883.936 
9,831,305 
5.754,585 
5,646,904 
6,050,806 


$514,627,365 

505,552.871 

576.613,974 

564.372,186 

697.149.059 

594,271,863 

911.794.954 

1,526.685,102 

2,046.812.678 

1.995.863,297 

4.634.816.814 


$74,070,752 
116.533.119 
122.726.434 
137,132,816 
152,532,996 
161.488,084 
142.687.565 
181.674.395 
170,704.005 
79,948,478 


$134,542,006 
154.496,653 
138,562.672 
135.807,884 
143.031,944 
132.173.220 
113.664,110 
126.768.828 
136.970,848 
110,133,978 


$208,612,758 
271.029,772 
261.289.106 
272.940,700 
295.564,940 
293.661,304 
256.351,675 
308,443,323 
307,674,853 
190,082.456 
372.953.593 


35.51 
43.00 
46.97 
50.24 
51.61 
54.99 
55.66 
58.90 
55.48 
6.27 


+  $306,014,607 
234.523.099 
315,324.868 
291,431,486 
301.584,119 
300,610.559 
655.443.279 
♦1.218.241.779 
♦1.739.137,825 
♦1,805,780.841 
♦4.261.863.221 


Value  of  imports  and  exports  of  the  United  Kingdom  for  seven  years: 


Year 


Imports 
British 


Exports 


British 


Foreign  and 
Colonial 


Total 


Total  Merchan- 
dise Trade 


1913. 
1914. 
1915. 
1916. 
1917. 
1918. 
1919 


•  •   •   •   ' 


$3,741,047,608 
3,390,174,777 
4,145,738,988 
4,615,906,844 
5,178,757,405 
6,420,561,252 
7.933,398,977 


$2,556,106,199 
2,096,105,484 
1,872,962,302 
2,463,810,193 
2,565.033383 
2,425,819,171 
3.880,094,169 


$533,246,917 
464,625.029 
482,086.104 
474,805.806 
339,085,364 
160,647.515 
797.605.906 


$3,089,353,116 
2,560,730,513 
2,355,048,406 
2,938,615,999 
2,904.118,947 
2,676,466,686 
4.678.700.076 


$6,830,400,724 
5,960.905.290 
6,500,787,394 
7,654.522,843 
8.082,876.352 
8,997,027.938 

12,612.100.053 


Comparative  values  of  imports  by  principal  countries  of  origin,  January  to  June 
1918  and  1919:^ ' 

January-June — 


Imported  from — 


1918 


1919 


Foreign  Countries 

Russia 

Sweden 

Norway 

Denmark 

Germany _.  .  . 

German  West  Africa 
German  East  Africa 

Netherlands 

Java 

Belgium 

Belgian  Kongo 

France 

Rwitierland 

Portugal 

Spain 

Canary  Islands 

Italy 

Greece 

Turkey: 

European 

Asiatic 

Tunis 

Persia 

China 

Japan 

United  States 

Philippines  and  Guam 

Cuba 

Mexico 

Costa  Rica 

Panama 

Veneiuela 

Ecuador 


Note:  (a)     Prise  Goods. 


$9,144,069 
54.728.562 
66.951,132 

9.475.338 
(a)6.448 

1,150,489 


26.704,851 
25,276,406 
556,903 
4.019.223 
81.472.802 
40.122.069 
23.298.184 
70,421,739 


38.632.331 
5,078,587 

9,733 
2.250,985 
8.464,493 
848.275 
25.082.418 
57.324,158 
1.241.218.378 
13,644,552 
36,732,021 
11,402,891 
1,676,096 
32,085 
1,478,725 
220,6131 


$8,833,301 

61.197,586 

41,182.747 

10,314,790 

45.482 

2,781,760 

1.418.011 

24.904.849 

41.099  719 

3,670,879 

2.600,740 

96.736.231 

24,161.526 

30.573.431 

84.183.145 

8.617.296 

32.720.268 

20.173.521 


Foreign  Countries — Con. 

Peru 

v^niie  .••••.•..•••••"■• 

Brazil 

Uruguay 

Bolivia 

Argentina 


British  Possessions 


2.530.400 
8.667,373 
4,617,6.52 
3,036,969 
41,561,764 
63.954,039 
1,214,858.947 
7,494,512 
44,870.429 
16,980,425 
3,298,256 
525,694 
3,327,309 
3.978.398 


Egypt 

West  Africa: 

Gold  Coast 

Nigeria 

South  Africa: 

Cape 

Natal 

East  Africa: 

East  Africa  Protector- 
ate   

Ny  asaland 

Anglo-Egyptian  Sudan . . 

Mauritius 

British  India 

Straits  Settlements.  .  .  . 
Federated  Malay  States 

Ceylon 

Hongkong 

Australia 

New  Zealand 

Canada 

British  West  Indies 

British  Guinea 

Falkland  Islands 


$17,399,441 

43.759,349 

19.282.338 

18,213,085 

8,348.150 

128,122,790 


174,946,772 

2.231,937 
28,260,753 

19,261,573 
10,825,639 


3.806.411 
1.344,487 
2,312,575 
13.977.629 
214.377,126 
25,603,005 
5.808,070 
29.381,800 
4.828,911 
160,998,006 
83,710,798 
216,878,755 
12.936,286 
4.361.143 
4.913.077 


$17,561,152 
17.232,753 
29.894,082 
27.136.470 
10,492.544 

161.057.557 


116.067,699 

15.515.288 
33.695.773 

38,185.275 
18,576.803 


4.312.191 
2.532,184 
2.589.849 
22,080.396 
222.086.294 
44.628.545 
18.352,379 
43,539.524 
4,812.214 
263.632.398 
116.740.371 
234.776.000 
27,500,421 
6.496.023 
4.673.465 


(i 


U 


404 


EXPORTERS  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS, 


UNITED  KINGDOM 


405 


;!B:i 


IP 


i!^!^5^  ilr^TioL'""""''  "^"-^ ''  ^'^°«'^'  --'-  Of  ■'- 


Exported  to — 


January-June — 


1918 


1919 


Foreign  Countries 


Exported  to— 


Russia 

Sweden .  . . . .' 

Norway  ....;;;.' .' .' .' 

Denmark 

Oermany 

Gernaan  wVstAfriiii 
Netherlands 

Java !..'.'.'."' 

Belgium 

Belgian  Kongo ...... 

France. , . 

French  WestAfrick*. '. . 

ISr/af"^ I       1?'§W.178 

o  o~" • 

Spain 

Canary  Islands..,.'    " 

Italy • 

Greece 

Turkey: 

European 

Asiatic '.!!!*" 

Tunis 

Persia 

China .".'.'.'.*.''" 

Japan 

United  States .' ." ." ,' .'  .*  *  * ' 
Philippines  and  Guam 

Cuba 

Mexico !!!!!!!' 

Colombia.  ....*.'!!!.'.'* 

Panama ..'.'..*'' 

Venezuela . 


S530,629 
4.755,038 
8,177.618 
4,767,691 


34,728,171 

13,993,504 

220,837 

3.045,098 

304.509,704 

9.312,121 

2,694,178 

8,323,890 

9,970,895 

39,555 

69,524,352 

3.172,812 


January-Ju 


(a)  1.863,305 
(a)2.954.287 
5,509,253 
2,637.628 
38,381,706 
14,531.520 
63,700,845 
1.554,895 
5,116,015 
2,136,720 
2,603,514 
534,367 
2,115.901 


$12,819,120 

43,652,023 

53,868,247 

79.529,769 

16,662,851 

1,204,220 

57,145,567 

14,052,092 

92,692,065 

3,666,786 

365,279,821 

10.580.063 

35.191.759 

13,645.948 

24.114,792 

2.451.811 

56.991.985 

12.763,447 


Foreign  Countries— Con. 

Ecuador 

Peru 

Chile...    

Braiil 

Uruguay 

ooUvia 

Argentina 


British  Possessions 


(a)  16,596,619 
(a)  13,010.962 
5,651,754 
2,836,517 
34.723,057 
24,259,600 
51,619,136 
1.093.196 
4,057,060 
3.038,015 
2.618.571 
351,928 
2,134,948 


Hote: 


Egypt.... 

West  Africa: 

Gold  Coast 

Nigeria 

South  Africa: 

Cape 

Natal 

Transvaal 

East  Africa  Protectorate 
Anglo-Egyptian  Sudan 

Mauritius 

British  India.... i 

Straits  Settlementa 

Federated  Malay  States! 

Ceylon 

Hongkong 

Australia ....'.'...,'' 
New  Zealand.  .. 
Canada .... 
British  West  Indies!.'.'; 
British  Guinea 


(a)  Exported  to  territory  formeriy  Turkish  but 


1918 


988,853 

3.922,165 

16,989,862 

20,296,198 

7,054,245 

2,432.973 

36.435,004 


63,651,139 

3,747.560 
12.990.966 

19,922.804 
11,690,452 
15.922.390 
3.926.784 
496,072 
1.512,197 
137,195,020 
15,998,872 
1.856,979 
5,349,174 
11,826.748 
51.284.048 
16.016.206 
32.008.430 
3.934.371 
1,376,540 


ne — 


1919 


687,233 

4,004,784 

13,858,970 

22,924.203 

7.598.806 

•  1.715,870 

44.724.400 


36.461,283 

6,682.668 
14,448,877 

22,115.035 
12.047.084 
12.731.119 
2,404.399 
1.166,116 
2,071,316 
132.019,103 
12,704,183 
2,814,545 
5,407,684 
7.044.269 
67.761,127 
22.701,395 
30.515,529 
3.879.963 
1,678,626 


now  occupied  by  other  powers. 


JuneTms'^d  msr"""  °'  """'^'^  "'  P™'""^  '^"^^  of  "-tmatioa  January  to 


Foreign  Countries 


Russia 

Sweden 

Norway 

Denmark. . . . 
Germany. .  .  . 
Netherlands . 

Belgium 

France 

Switzerland . . 

Portugal 

Spain .... 

Italy ;; 

Japan 

United  States! 

.Brazil 

Argentina.  . . 


145,385 

221,095 

309,047 

38,377 


1,406,326 

3,640 

36,452,562 

1.483,533 

736,185 

709,779 

10,458,683 

2,056,335 

13.171.270 

270.641 

356,534 


$5,552,676 
9.631,874 
4.003,407 

17.738.874 
7.741,964 

54.304.344 

26.394.986 

66.210.397 
1,892.037 
2.276.408 
3,713,602 

11.072,207 
3.097,941 

36,594,844 
570,602 
361,493 


British  Possessions 


Channel  Islands. 

Egypt 

West  Africa: 
Gold  Coast .  . . 

Nigeria 

South  Africa: 

Cape 

Natal 

Transvaal .... 

British  India 

Hongkong 

Australia. ...!!! 
New  Zealand.  ... 
Canada 


$1,062,162 
451,889 

236,220 
292,263 

716,363 
350,534 
443.002 

1.065,355 
112.523 

3.732,246 
648.271 

1.761,289 


$1,673,993 
632.974 

995,034 
890,127 

555,073 
247,685 
368,063 

1.603,578 
490.626 

2,967,465 
697,815 

2.602.870 


Value  of  imports  and  exports  by  principal  countries  of  origin  and  destination  for  the 
years  1917  and  1918: 


Countries 


Imports 

Argentina 

Belgium 

Belgian  Kongo 

Bolivia 

Brazil 

Chile 

China  (excluding 
British) 

Costa  Rica 

Cuba 

Denmark 

France 

Algeria 

Madagascar 

Greece 

Italy 

Japan 

Mexico 

Morocco 

Netherlands 

Java 

Dutch  Borneo .... 

Norway 

Persia 

Peru 

Portugal 

Portuguese       East 
Africa 

Russia 

Siam 

Spain 

Sweden 

Switzerland 

Tunis 

United  States 

Philippines     and 

Guam 

Porto  Rico 

Uruguay 

Venezuela 

Anglo-Egyptian    Su- 
dan   

Australia 

British  Guiana.  . . , 

British  India 

Canada 

Channel  Islands .  . . 

Ceylon 

East  African  Protec- 
torate   

Egypt 

Falkland  Islands.., 

Federated     Malay 
States 

Hongkong 

Mauritius 

New  Zealand 

N  vasaland 

Rhodesia 

South  Africa: 

Cape , 

Natal 

Straits  Settlements 

West  Africa: 
Gold  Coast 

Nigeria 

West  India  Islands. . 


1917 


1918 


Countries 


1917 


$235,663,903 
1,618,705 
15.374,884 
11.595.648 
48,593,146 
64,347,875 

41,352,383 

4,446,171 

86,480,806 

86,343,492 

111,289,730 

14,203.265 

4.847,292 

4,662,655 

60,598,563 

74,449,362 

11,272,357 

1,745.049 

95,857,979 

65,263.035 

8,058.661 

89.410.224 

2.788.436 

22.740.897 

18.766,494 

3.863.675 

87.290.050 

6.274,919 

107.868.411 

72.708.960 

65,038.173 

7.443.307 

1.831.407.414 

18.621,636 

719,415 

26,549.283 

1,047,928 

4,439,328 

312,863,650 

9,035,840 

325,260,207 

410.658,658 

14.197.736 

49.685,299 

5,096.700 

168.081,814 

5,466,882 

33,989,344 

7.088.203 

9.304.417 

141.559,137 

877.902 

3.131.471 

30.712.297 
22,784,603 
78,076.340 

12,932,860 
45,317.203 
30,260,417 


$307,153,284 

973,485 

7,607,663 

18,053,630 

43,069,810 

94,091,081 

47,243,379 

1,680,140 

108,668,220 

21,752,744 

170,623,426 

10,834,436 

6,978,274 

11,640,663 

89,605,701 

116,227,203 

24,941,465 

2.969.441 

37.434.310 

28.049,041 

11,932,434 

116,643,880 

1,035,470 

38,961,603 

48,964,467 

10,198,544 

32,749,924 

272,884 

149,387,669 

108,885,636 

63,724.467 

14,540,980 

2,611,013,536 

29,597,712 

61,152 

31,835,996 

2,070,803 

6,152,404 

222,377,856 

12,084,046 

432,629,597 

605,725,512 

18,100,772 

59,178,883 

8,642,101 

263,513,729 

14,886,906 

10,431,377 
7,034.789 

17,654,729 

120,749,403 

3,397,343 

4,618,066 

30,249,335 
17,769,621 
62.594.319 

11,126.211 
66.337.398 
39,453,445 


Exports 

Argentina 

Belgium 

Belgian  Kongo 

Brazil 

Chile 

China  (not  British).. 

Colombia 

Cuba 

Denmark 

France 

Algeria 

West  Africa 

Greece 

Italy 

Japan 

Mexico 

Morocco 

Netherlands 

Java 

Norway 

Persia 

Peru 

Portugal 

East  Africa 

Russia 

Siam 

Spain 

Sweden 

Switzerland 

Tunis 

Turkey  Asiatic 

United  States 

Philippines     and 

Guam 

Uruguay 

Venezuela 

Anglo-Egyptian    Su- 
dan   

Australia 

British  Guiana 

British  India 

British  West  Indies, 

Canada 

Ceylon 

Channel  Islands .... 
East  African  Protec- 
torate   

Egypt 

Federated    Malay 

States 

Gibraltar 

Hongkong 

Malta 

Mauritius 

New  Zealand 

South  Africa: 

Cape 

Natal 

Transvaal 

Straits  Settlements 
West  Africa 

Sierra  Leone ... 

Gold  Coast 

Nigeria 


$62,673,366 

1,145.564 

7,358.839 

34.969.895 

22.572.584 

51.703,443 

7.195.982 

9,794.644 

33.565.603 

643,449.842 

11.341,534 

14.793,956 

888,725 

133.654,364 

26.868.019 

4,462.829 

9,795,481 

101,205,802 

29,426,465 

41,137,600 

4,534.711 

7.273,125 

15,244.452 

4.258.606 

237.178.377 

6.072.901 

23.261.437 

14.960.137 

31.364.661 

9,188.969 

3.444.256 

161,759,720 

2,398,192 

11,080.510 

4.592,969 

1,803,700 

107.622.192 

3.719.086 

291.821.488 

9.993.436 

78.849,364 

10.223,417 

7,873.839 

5.270.376 
71.990,513 

3,605,123 
10,627,482 
15,078,943 
16,643,839 

2,646.544 
34,246,232 

40,840,364 
21,143,541 
29,429,730 
23,798,489 

5,358.211 

8,432,05 

20.192.831 


1918 


$85.&S3.368 

370.526 

6,545,370 

43,001,299 

31,066.242 

57.580,316 

5.672,709 

9.554.064 

16.444.658 

623.172.961 

18.881.436 

18.826.076 

5.098.997 

142.443.195 

29.271.117 

5.326,263 

15.760.691 

72.929.500 

28.375,301 

26,459,321 

6,214,048 

7,446.202 

18,246,292 

4,981,525 

1,452,339 

7,876,357 

18,829,880 

12,791,138 

41,997,467 

11,885,346 

6,309,359 

111,656,519 

2,734,253 

15,335,386 

4,988,849 

901,678 

127,586.447 

3,357,043 

339,303,237 

8,251,055 

69,494,588 

9,561.364 

8,947,858 

6,685,768 
108,205,869 

3,472.486 
14.363.440 
18.226.838 
13.380,880 

2,493,926 
37,502,670 

49,887.888 
24,720,092 
33,806.262 
29.878.641 

6,984,038 

6.a32.023 

23,629.592 


406 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Value  of  foreign  and  colonial  exports  by  articles  in  1913,  1917  and  1918: 


Articles 

1013 

1017 

1018 

Exports  (Foreign  and  Colonial) 

Food,  drink,  and  tobacco: 

Grain  and  flour 

Meat,  including  animals  for  food 

Other  food  and  drink: 

Non-duitable 

Duitable 

Tobacco 

$8,057,897 
10,365,849 

27,399,125 

30,472,592 

1,289,029 

$4,504,432 
2,007,903 

15,638,230 

12,898,916 

1,152,202 

» 1.728,532 
7.788,142 

5,293,998 

4,546,932 

254,523 

Total 

77,584,492 

36,201,683 

19,612.127 

Raw  materials  and  articles  mainlv  manufactured: 

1  Coal,  coke,  and  manufactured  fuel 

X,  Iron  ore,  scrap  iron,  and  steel 

Other  metallic  ores 

15,252 

45,010 

2,741,898 

4,053,804 

44,493,991 

66,059,282 

25,690,711 

27,591,386 

40,931,475 

1.449,813 

98,567.171 

5,523 

2,970,054 
923,759 
37,389.329 
17.517,444 
14,895,198 
24,063,056 
18,460,557 
10,774 
04,845,525 

'3,3'70,864 

Wood  and  timber 

Cotton 

Wool 

Other  textile  materials 

Oilseeds,  nuts,  oils,  fats,  and  gums 

Hides  and  undressed  skins 

Paper-making  materials 

Miscellaneous 

362,418 

114,606 

11,727,321 

9,891,249 

4,690.214 

9,902,855 

36.056 

29,716,562 

Total 

311,639.793 

211,081,219 

69.712,145 

Articles  wholly  or  mainly  manufactured: 

Iron  and  steel,  and  manufactures  of 

1,560,185 
40,430,639 

7,497,228 

1.162.694 

6,358,150 

25,943 

2,865,965 

10,890,487 
6,241,549 
8,605,320 

11,569.121 
4.096,688 
7,985,630 

11,657,107 

054.141 
1.342,818 

4,582.900 
15,529,031 

2,451,923 
23,467,553 

2,362,569 

941,799 
1,757,171 

5,564,565 
8,131,926 

2.480.061 

263,940 
1,081,862 

Other  metals,  and  manufactures  of 

Cutlery,  hardware,  implements  (except  machine  tools),  and 
instruments 

Electrical  goods  and  apparatus  (other  than  machinery  and 
insulated  wire) 

Machinery 

Ships  (new) 

Manufactures  of  wood  and  timber  (including  furniture) 

Yams  and  textile  fabrics — 

Cotton 

1,018,252 

3,937,417 
1,019,420 
7,892,480 
8,293,796 
726,700 
16,120,495 
8,166,712 

335,808 
383,816 

2,603,524 
9,982.067 

412,363 

3,528.762 
1,252,194 
7,628,784 
3,392,393 

342,027 
14,053,795 

571.668 

220,195 
167,602 

494,076 
11,658,844 

Wool 

Silk 

Other  materials 

Apparel 

Chemicals,  drugs,  dyes,  and  colors 

Leather,  and  manufactures  of  (including  gloves  but  excluding 

boots  and  shoes) 

Earthenware  and  glass 

Paper 

Railway  carriages  and  trucks  (not  of  iron),  motor  cars, 

cycles,  carts,  etc 

Misoellaneous. ; 

Total : 

143.355.506 

91,461,502 

61.245.057 

Miscellaneous  and  unclassified  (including  parcel  post) 

667,037 

340.957 

78,185 

Total  exports  (foreign  and  oolonial) 

533,246,918 

339,085,361 

150.647.514 

UNITED  KINGDOM 


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Food,  Drink,  and  Tobacco 


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8 


Breadstuff  8 : 

Barley 

Maise 

Oats 

Oatmeal 

Rice 

Wheat • 

Wheat  meal  and  flour 

Other 

Chicory 

Cocoa: 

Raw 

Preparations 

Coffee 

Confectionery 

Dairy  Products: 

Butter 

vyheese ,.••••••••••••••••••• 

Milk,  condensed: 

Sweetened 

Unsweetened 

~     yolks  and  liquid  and  albumen . 


Sxx 
04  CO 

OH  as  OS 

04  05*0 


«Cp04 
COThO 
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r^*0*^* 
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♦,cq» 

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5 

a 
a 


a 

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si 


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c 

a 


c 


M 

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3 

00 
e 
> 
o 


9 

o  a 

•O«o. 

.  3 


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flj   4)  C  5*. 


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00 

T3  ij 

C  oS 

08  > 

zi  a 


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a 


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E 


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& 

a 
a 

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>>  . 

08  «: 


T3 


t 

I 

o 


Canned 

Fresh 

Other 

Frwt: 

Apples 

Bananas 

Dried: 

Currants 

Raisins 

Lirapes  ...• 

Lemons 

Oranges 

Preserves  and  Jam 

Other 

Glucose  

Lard 

Lard,  imitation 

Margarine 

Meat: 
Beef: 

Fresh  and  refrigerated . . 

Salted 

Mutton 

Pork: 

Bacon 

Ham 

Fresh  and  refrigerated. 

Salted 

Poultry  and  game 

Rabbits 

Other 

Molasses 

Nuts 

Oils  refined: 

Cotton  seed 

Olive 

Other 

Saccharine 


1917 

Value 


$43,642,066 
99,208,055 
56,245,771 
18,806,730 
36,864,307 

411,251,359 

89,891,831 

79.404,296 

391,028 

17.372,660 
4,670,117 
9,332,730 
1,397,586 

91.956.958 
94,713.721 

19,648.275 

11,116.755 

24,659,539 

7.104.598 

29.321.704 

7.688.223 

10.110.465 

5.462,091 
6.078.745 

2,902.507 

4,592,604 

2,823,135 

2,886,063 

12,694,499 

8,304.473 

1,944.322 

8.906.269 

43.517.971 

1.189.173 

37.853.024 


116.938.734 

1,069.608 

50.650.250 

201,517.633 

35,820.399 

3,803.316 

573.352 

3.798.975 

3.425,413 

80.722.582 

14,689.871 

5.953,340 

3.600.436 
999,326 
518,448 
844,693 


409 


1918 

Value 


$26,405,687 

67.792.121 

55.860.967 

23.565.199 

46.529.414 

258.741.031 

172,890.603 

70.191.948 

1.238.033 

14.907.798 
1,777,976 
3,540,413 
2,505,313 

98.429.425 
77.426.215 

43.898.419 
17.012.155 
22,491.158 
13,647.053 

65.528.216 
10.749.948 
10.070.093 

4,399.228 
3,352.386 

7.298.363 

4.731.610 

8.909.559 

9.490.999 

29.167.397 

7.019.581 

296.394 

6.107.998 

102.992.314 

900.483 

7.629.538 


177,252.238 

475,997 

45,190,071 

439.978,951 

63.386.635 

3,337.694 

377.207 

1.423.709 

5.917.825 

109,854.347 

9.541.343 

10.163.242 

9.260.925 

2.930.606 

573.906 

4.300.473 


Continued  on  page  4 10. 


i. 

ii 


it 


I 


J*  i 


410 


I 


' 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Table — Continued: 


Articles 


1917 
Value 


Food,  Drink,  and  Tobacco  (Ck)ncluded) 

Cinnamon 

g'^Ker 

te':: 

Spirits,  Wines,  etc.": 

Spirits,  foreign 

Wines .... 
Sugar:         

Refined 

Tea^"^^"®"* •.'"•''.■.*.■.*.'.'.■.'.*:; 

Tobiiw: 

Manufactured 

Unmanufactured .  . 
Vegetables:  

P«a"8 

r\.     

?oiXsV.:::: 

Tomatoes...  : 

Other 

Yeast 

Another 


•••••••••••• 

•  •••••••«««« 

•  ••••••••••• 

•••••••••••• 


•  •••••  I 


•  •  •  •  •  I 


Total 


•  •  •   ■ 

•  •  •  • 


•  •  •  «  ' 


Sheei 


Oils: 


Cocoanut 

Fish 

Olive 

Palm 

Petroleum 

oeeo 


•  •  • 


••••••••••» 

••••••••«•« 


*••••• 


Raw  Materials  and  Articles  Mainly  Unmanufactured 

Bristles 

Cotton,  raw 

Feathers  and  down,  ornamentkl 

Fibers :  

Flax 

?«™P 

Piassava,  etc.,  for  brush  making 

Other 

Gums:  

Kw. ;::::::::::::::::: 

Lac  dye,  seed  lac.  etc 

Guttapercha 

Hair,  goats'. 

Hides  and  skins: 

Hides: 

zfiy ' •••••••••..•........... 

Wet 

Skins: 

Goat 


8p:  

Wooled 

Rabwi""^"* •••••^^^^^^^ii:::::::::::::::::::: 

Seal,  undres^:::: 

Other  skins  and  fw 

Iron  and  steel,  old  

Ivory,  animal  

Fertilizers:      

Phosphate  of  lime  and  rock  phosphate 

Other  ^""opuatc 

Nuto  and  kernels  for  expr^Mi'ng'  oiiuier^f^m .'. '. ; ::::::::::; 


$79,100 

898.443 

4.630,562 

1.957.462 

12,607,676 
11.696.443 

31,090.584 

147,656,665 

71,580,774 

4,494,894 
14.601,028 

4,299,616 

12,035.020 

12,966,161 

7,301,380 

5,637,524 

863,658 

339,394 

39,345,447 


S2.212.850,863 


$5,314,208 

538,189,320 

1,416,765 

60,902,958 

43,277,857 

21,229,989 

2,042.295 

835,140 

2,165,953 

526,059 

819,845 

5,409,494 

1,033,615 


25,176,874 
32,040,763 

8.701,492 

10,027,881 

2,937,449 

342,319 

274.169 

9,960.095 

477,730 

1,560.711 

6.706,249 

432,135 

61.398.864 

6.376.234 

11.091.445 

817,966 

16,616.618 

164,910,949 

4,623,034 


1018 
Value 


$M3.380 
1.705,614 
4.762,707 
3.153,181 

14,761,277 
37,391,724 

3,844,579 
163,637,902 
145,184.231 

11,240,194 
77,638.426 

3,123,329 

26,306,820 

18,413,804 

5,291,467 

10.110,699 

470.975 

18,648 

77,863,320 


$2,786,848,381 


$4,293,552 

731,368,308 

1,062,303 

19,013.868 

68,479.855 

44,226.587 

2.731,484 

2,243,296 

3,772.696 

24.294 

4.252,956 

9,604,203 

676,210 


20.886.239 
37,165,023 

3.607,235 

13,995,713 

37,039 

283,148 

190,382 

15,539,601 

119,171 

1.244,447 

9,479,879 

622.824 

61,699,872 

19,759,430 

19,710,838 

1,187.742 

19,152.091 

311,797.375 

2.020.376 


Continued  on  page  411 


UNITED  KINGDOM 


rp^l^-^oniinued: 


Articles 


Raw  Materials  and  Articles  Mainly  Unmanufactured  (Concluded) 

Oil  Seeds: 

Castor 

Cotton  seed 

Flax  or  linseed 

Rapeeeed 

Soya  bean 

Other 

Ores.Metallic: 

Copper 

Iron 

Manganese 

Pyrites  of  iron  and  copper 

Silver 

Tin 

Other 

Paper-making  Materials: 

Esparto,  etc 

Wood  pulp: 

Chemical 

Mechanical 

Other 

Roein 

Rubber 

Seeds,  clover  and  grass 

Sak: 

Raw 

Waste 


Stearin. 


Tallow,  unrefined 

Turpentine 

Wood  and  Timber: 

Hewn • J- 

Sawn  or  split,  planed  or  dressed 

Sleepers 

Staves ,••••■; 

Furniture,  woods,  hardwoods,  and  veneers . 

Wool: 

Alpaca,  vicuna,  and  llama 

Camels'  hair 

Mohair ■ 

Sheep's  or  lambs'  wool 

Woo^n  rags: 

Pullea 

Not  pulled 

Wool  waste 

All  other 


Total. 


Apparel 

Baskets  and  basketware 

Boots  and  shoes 

Brooms  and  brushes 

Chemicals: 

Acetic  acid 

Boracite,  borate  of  lime,  borax,  etc . 

Brimstone 

Carbide  of  calcium 

Coal  products,  not  dyes 

Cream  of  tartar 

Glycerine 

Saltpeter 

Soda  compounds 

Tartaric  acid 

Other • 

Chinaware,  earthenware,  and  pottery .  . 
Clocks,  and  parts  of 


1917 
Value 


$6,234,351 

19,476,254 

26,464.660 

7.206.046 

2,432,340 

3.983,381 

3,474.671 
68,593,662 
11.451.750 
11.378,004 

4,317,690 
22,925,760 
21,048,333 

3,833,045 

33,347,312 

12.981,880 

249,233 

12.001.441 

116.077,257 

3,542,364 

6,358,642 
3.729.214 
821,047 
8,811,090 
3,020,865 

24,952,594 

87,012.713 

868,135 

2.398,333 

9,573,982 

2,516,910 

1,472,773 

1.382.904 

240,913,732 

177.476 

5,210,479 

65,819 

46,679,996 


$1,872,621,613 

$1,893,000 

506,521 

3,810,454 

439,382 

3,250.306 

1,569,865 

1,411,504 

2.072,394 

2,518.078 

1,651,092 

838,702 

4,092,868 

1,864,346 

1,011,736 

48,717,023 

155,261 

416,604 


411 


1918 
Value 


$12,440,482 

31.549,933 

39.731.074 

8.088,162 

"■i,0r72,435 

4,657.202 
65,263,089 
16,533,715 
13.235,513 

3,079,161 
25.035,388 
23,383,698 

l,734,601n 

44.717,748 

17,489,432 

52,359 

8.801.591 
59.030.791 

6,695.482 

12,703,706 
5.992.365 
1.224,859 
7,040.516 

1.587.438 

19.662.830 

104.523,694 

245.714 

3.309.458 

14.272.111 

7.403,387 

1.598,884 

2.646.875 

177,256.092 

263,433 

3,835,318 

414 

56.630,526 


$2,233,037,523 

$2,634,883 

986,615 

2,526.936 

1.984,885 

2,792.777 

1,257.757 

4,739,582 

4,072,511 

691,466 

2.941.931 

4.225.781 

4.068.010 

2.011.018 

1.089.453 

96,848,567 

104.532 

270.334 


Continued  on  page  412 


I   H 


412 


Table — Continued: 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


UNITED  KINGDOM 


413 


Articles 


Copper:  '  ~ 

Regulus  and  precipitate 

^  ^Unwrought  and  part  wrought.  '. 
Cotton  Manufactures : 

Gloves 

Hosiery 

Piece  goods ....        

JJ  «»oie 

Yam 

Other :::. ■.■:::: 

Binder  or  reaper  twine    . 

Other 

Cutlery ..'.'.'.'.'.'.'.[[ 

Dextrine  and  farina. ...!!! 

Drugs  and  Medicines:    

Bark,  Peruvian 

Quinine  and  quinine  salts 

Other 

Dyestuffs:  

Cutch 

Extracts  and  dyeinc 

Indigo .... 

ru  u       

Other 

Electrical  goods  and  apparatus. . 
Embroidery  and  needlework.  .  . ! 

Fancy  goods ' ' " 

Films,  cinematograph .....'...". 

Glass:  

Bottles 

Flint,  and  manufactures  of ... 

Window  glass _ 

Other  manufactures. ....[ 

Glue,  sue.  and  gelatine ' . 

Hardware 

Hats  and  bonnets !!!!.! 

Implements  and  tools,  and  parts  of 

Instruments  and  apparatus,  scientific.'i^pirts  Af 
Iron  and  Steel,  and  Manufactures  of: 
Iron: 

Pig  and  puddled 

Other 

Steel:  

Ingots 

Bars,  angles,  and  shai 
Blooms,  billets,  and  si 

Other 

»_  J  r-i.     1 

Iron  and  Steel: 

Hoops  and  strips 

Nails,  screws,  rivets,  bolts,' and  nuts.' 
Rails 

Plates  and  sheets. ...... 

Tubes,  pipes,  and  fittings! .'  .*     .* 

Wire 

TIT-  1    

Wire  rods 

Wire  naib 

Other  manufactures. '.'.... 

Jute,  manufactures  of 

Lead,  pig  and  sheet 

Leather,  and  Manufactures  of : 

Hides 

Skins:  

Goat . . 

Sheep.:::::: 

Other ; 

Leather,  dressed:  

Box  calf 

Glace  kid 

Other :::::::::::: 

Leather,  manufactures  of: 

Belting,  machinery 

Gloves ....  

Other 

Linen:  

Piece  goods 

Yam ..:::::::::::::::: 

Other  manufacture^^ .' 


BS.. 

slabs. 


1917 
Value 


10.052.214 
91.659.622 

1.656,187 

3,921,737 

2.237.334 

6,404.231 

214.364 

4.360,812 

2.030.148 

414.460 

465.257 

5.944.902 

1.105.557 

2.696.708 

11.019.109 

470.274 
6,366.693 
3,647,914 

12.566.709 
6,495,410 

11.175.139 
2.053.040 
3.751.502 

1.055.189 

1.019.999 

847.861 

111.389 

1.347.398 

957.479 

952.739 

7.999.592 

3,610.461 


10.084,502 
3.643.509 

593.338 
6.982.629 
5.374.348 

480.192 

1.270.054 

1.837.551 

22.133 

2.155,772 

2.398,498 

2.633,852 

6,356,325 

6,054.145 

2.586,715 

24.529.525 

21.940.255 

22.290.619 

4.317.019 

6,594.728 

46,431 

3,432.863 
8,931.502 
6,649,371 

404.426 

1.553.849 

775.861 

268.796 

69.245 

275.663 


1918 
Value 


8.591.314 
119,010,214 

2,078,122 

5.375.259 

2.418.091 

8.481.575 

431.834 

5.247,255 

2,181,287 

458,400 

727,916 

19,198,839 

1.107,265 

1.489.631 

12,238.303 

785.521 
3,811,749 
1,351.330 

11.627.991 
5.104.121 

11.627.485 
4.124.651 
2,615,471 

374,920 

736.701 

300.346 

754 

2.571,639 

483,307 

1.108.384 

9,371,954 

2.761.218 


14.951.061 
3.658.844 

291.479 
3.607.103 
3,182.764 

228,809 

437.762 

528.006 

13.553 

6.911.486 

722.773 

2.480.869 

2.566.816 

5.391.352 

2.278.719 

16.260.660 

33.398.473 

32.918.388 

39.978 
704,479 


1,539.751 
6,671,023 
5,543,430 

124.879 

2,597.071 

166.415 

398.776 

28.177 

538.118 


Continued  on  page  413. 


fable — Continued: 


Articles 


Machinery 

prime  movers 

Electrical 

Other 

Machinery  belting  (other  than  leather) 

Matches 

Moldings • • 

Musical  instruments,  and  parts  of 

Oilseed  cake ,. 

Painters'  colors  and  pigments 

Paraffin  wax 

Paper: 

Millboard,  etc 

Packing  and  wrapping 

Printing  and  writing 

Printed 

Strawboard 

Otber 

Quicksilver 

Railway  Carriages,  Trucks,  etc.: 

Aeroplanes,  airships,  balloons,  and  parts  of. 

Carnages,  wagonettes,  etc.,  and  parts  of . . . 

Cycles  (other  than  motor),  and  parts  of .  .  . 

Motor  cars,  chassis,  and  parts  of 

Motorcycles,  and  parts  oi 

Silk: 

BrOAClStllnS .••••••••••••■•••*••••• 

Mixed  materials: 

Broadstuffs 

Ribbons 

Ribbons 

Thrown 

Yam,  spun 

All  other,  mixed  or  not 

Skins  and  furs,  dressed 

Starch: 

juce ..••..••..■■...••••••••••••••••••* 

v./tner 

Straw  braids 

Stones  and  slates 

Tanning  Substances: 

Bark  for  tanning 

Extracts  for  tanning 

Gambier 

M  yrobalans 

Sumac 

vaionia .  .  . . ,..•......•••.......•.••••• 

Other 

Tin,  blocks,  ingots,  bars,  and  slabs 

Watches,  and  parts  of 

Wood  and  timoer,  manufactures  of 

Toys  and  games 

Wool,  and  Manufactures  of: 

Carpets  and  rugs • 

Hosiery 

Cloths 

Stuffs,  flMmels,  and  delaines 

1.  am .••.•.•..........< 

Other 

Zinc,  crude,  and  manufactures  of 

All  other 


Total, 


Miscellaneous  and  Unclassified 


Animals,  living,  horses . 

Parcel  post 

All  other 


Total 

Grand  total. 


1917 
Value 


$S,135,703 
7.238.544 

27.759.514 
115.629 
192.105 
173.676 
883,060 

17,705,028 
8.382,079 

12,199,420 

1,403,401 
8,045,098 
6.799,2.50 
180.260 
2,504,097 
1.455.191 
2,429.162 

1.991.878 

206,700 

623,676 

33.189.788 

516.462 

23,726,874 

16,612,270 
5,787,514 
6,282,535 
303,553 
1,527,794 
1.336,331 
2,845.530 
106,946 

282,963 
8,240,790 
5,601,264 
2,551,005 

1,770,953 

9,064,581 

1,684,456 

3.112,433 

361,318 

369.586 

46.295 

30.163.750 

7,050.001 

6.454,157 

1.262,536 

380.930 

186,655 

172,517 

164,527 

89,962 

230.813 

22.164,065 

324.198.159 


1,063.646,066 


6,715,960 

15,712,011 

7,210,892 


29.638,863 


$5,178,757,405 


1918 
Value 


$12,233,033 

3.019.790 

36,822.185 

97.111 

985.096 

261.448 

902.147 

1.023.955 

4.313.948 

16,269.620 

2.137.240 
11.783,918 
6,591,051 
196.281 
3,100,214 
1,165.249 
1.359.116 

33.379.718 
30.571 

506.476 
25,879.619 

109.394 

41.580.306 

24.596.780 
8,983.724 
4.332.475 
615.943 
2.183.015 
1.511.841 
1.941.724 
127.196 

196.699 
2.406.689 
4.700,470 
2,688,303 

3.211.111 
11.820.548 

2.030.552 

3.886.343 
635.545 

1.354.994 

170.498 

19.739.619 

11.926.740 

10.107.949 

2.177.549 

45.492 

33.535 

149.183 

239.281 

15.904 

242.546 

17.519.308 

490.856.178 


1.363.417.118 


18.314.936 

10.000.107 

8.883.188 


37.258.231 


$6,420,561,253 


^'    ^ 


414 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Prodnctioii  and  Industry 

Distribution  of  population  according  to  professions  and  occupations   (age  10  years 
and  upward.    Census  1911):  f»"uuo   ^i^^  lu  years 


Ensland  and  Wales 


England 


Males 


Females 


Total 


Government 

Defence 

Professional .'.".'.*, 

Domestic .'.'.'."!!! 

Commercial [[ 

Agriculture  and  Fishing . .'. . 

Industrial * " 

Unoccupied  and  unspecified 

Total 


248,624 

205,817 

367,578 

287,677 

2.062,710 

1.165.654 

7,015.605 

2.208,535 


13.662.200 


50,975 


247.043 

1,734.040 

151.321 

94.S22 

2.452.533 

10.026.379 


14,857,113 


299.599 

205.817 

714,621 

2.121,717 

2,214,031 

1.280,476 

9,468,138 

12,234.914 


28.519,318 


Scotland 


Males 


Females 


Government  and  defence 

Professional 

Domestic •...!!!.!.!!!!!! 

Commercial  and  transport! 

Agricultural  and  fishing .' 

Industrial !!!!!! 

Total  occupied,  unoccupied  and  non-productive. 
Total 


Total 


42.476 

45,713 

34,488 

245,621 

193.731 

911.728 


309.024 


4.932 
35.962 

166,578 
37,844 
33,380 

314.514 


1,338.410 


1.782,781 


1.931.620 


47.408 

81.675 

201.066 

283,465 

227,111 

1.226.242 


1,647,434 


3,714,401 


Ireland 


Males 


Females 


Total 


Professional  class 

Domestic.  . .    "    ......'.*!!]! 

Commercial     **    ..  i  .'.!],'.*  1 1 
Agricultural     "    ........." 

Industrial        " 

Indefinite  and  nonproductive 

Total 


103,603 
25.H31 
101.396 
721.669 
434.699 
804.850 


2.192.048 


37.531 

144,918 

9,747 

59,198 

178,698 

1.768,079 


2,198,171 


141,134 
170,749 
111.143 

780.867 

613,397 

2.572.929 


4.390.219 


Agriculture: 

I!      ."^T^^'tt"' "I't;"**^  ^^  "^^^  P"*"^"^  <=~P«'  »°<1  faUo"'  land,  also  number  of 
Wock  u.  Umt^  Kmgdom,  including  Isle  of  Man  and  Channel  Island^,  duri^  4  ^eL^ 

The  total  area  is  77.721.439.  acres.  ^     ^ 


Crops 


1913 


1914 


1915 


Cultivated  area 

,^  Cereal  Crops 

Wheat 

Barley 

Oats  

^"*" 

^y 

f^ 

Total 


1916 


46.740.904 


1,791.569 

1,932.321 

3,983,448 

63.556 

275.626 

165,121 


46,763.816 


8.211,641 


1.905.993 

1.873.280 

3.889.074 

66.890 

301,488 

169,938 


8,216,663 


46,675,407 


2,335.091 

1.524.316 

4,182.296 

60.040 

273.016 

130.307 


8,505.066 


46.687.512 


2.053,068 

1.653.376 

4.171.353 

65.971 

242,803 

113,474 


8.300.545 


UNITED  KINGDOM 


415 


Crops 


1913 


1914 


1915 


1916 


Green  Crops 


potatoes  •••••••,• 

Turnips  and  swedes 

Mangold 

Cabbage,  kohl-rabi  and  rape . 

Vetches  or  tares 

Other  crops 


Total . 


Other  crops,  grasses,  etc. 


1.184,857 
1,770,079 
501,033 
189,045 
114,710 
225,010 


3.984.734 


Flax 

Hops 

Small  fruit 

Barefallow. 

Clover  and  samfou.  Ifor  hay .  .  .  . 

Grasses  under  rota-   [not  for  hay. 
tion  J 


Total. 


ermanent     pasturel  p^^^  hay ... . 
(exclusive  of  heath  [j^^^  ^^^  ^ 
or  mountam  land;  j 


59.953 

36.676 

100.094 

396.472 

3.039.097 

3,604,049 


1,209,150 
1,760,629 
516.893 
192.145 
137,751 
238,791 


4.056,359 


6,643.146 


Total, 


6.805.914 
20,503,274 


27,309,188 


49,882 

36.661 

101.083 

348.532 

2.915.669 

3.690.677 


1,214,458 
1,625,589 
499,804 
184,584 
123,657 
228,260 


3,876,352 


6,606.046 


6.496.527 
20.853.123 


27.349.650 


53.844 

34.744 

97.438 

316.870 

2,849,602 

3,612.677 


1,155,404 
1,623,161 
461,823 
183,346 
102.629 
259.077 


3.785.440 


6.462.279 


6.399.530 
20.929,284 


92.382 

31.352 

96.250 

430.495 

3.066.563 

3.696.488 


6,763.011 


6,527.393 
20.660.644 


27.328,814 


27,188,037 


Livestock: 

Horses  solely  used  for  agriculture . . .  .  . 

Mares  kept  solely  for  breeding  and 

broken  norses 

Cattle 

Sheep 

Pigs 


un- 


1,874.262 

11,936.600 

27.629.206 

3.305.771 


1.851.042 

12,184.505 

27.963.979 

3.952.615 


1.711,858 

12.171.452 

28,275,970 

3.795.131 


1.834.215 

12.451,540 

28.849.655 

3.615.891 


Acreage  of  cultivated  land  under  principal  crops  and  fallow  land,  and  number  of 
livestock  in  Great  Britain  during  4  years: 


Animals 

1913 

1914 

1915 

1916 

Cultivated  area 

31,927.301 

31,900.185 

31.834.497 

31.849,590 

Cereal  Crops 
Wheat                                 

1,756,372 

1,757.104 

2.912.616 

56.696 

274.247 

164,757 

1.868.019 

1.698.880 

2.849.206 

59.248 

300,139 

169,532 

2.246.824 

1.381.068 

3.070.648 

52.494 

271.897 

130.046 

1,975.291 

Barley . ,                         

1.501.81O 

3.075.263 

59.218 

241.697 

113,274 

Oats            

Rye '                 

Beans.                                

Peas.....".!.!;;!!!! 

Total 

6,921,792 

6,945,024 

7,152.977 

6.966.558 

Green  Crops 

Potatoes 

Turnips  and  swedes 

Mangold 

CaKKiurfi   trnhl-rAKi  finH  rnne 

591.115 
1.485.534 
421.295 
150,198 
112.132 
191,731 

613.039 
1,475,702 
434,294 
152.174 
135.290 
204,174 

607.792 
1.352.851 
416.226 
144.835 
120.754 
200.524 

558.067 
1.352.479 
380,484 
145,176 
100,313 
238,409 

Vetches  or  tares 

Other  crops 

Total 

2.952.055 

3.015.573 

2.842.982 

2.774,928 

416 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Flax         ^***'  Crops,  Grass,  etc. 

Hops 

Small  fruit. 

Bare  fallow 

Clover  and  sainfoin 

Grasses  under  rota 

tion 


For  hay 

Not  for  hay.  . 


Total . 


Permanent 


648 

35,676 

83,992 

396.140 

2,115,597 
1.854,287 


ermanent     pasture)  ^      , 
exclusive  of  heath  fiT**!  *  ^v"  • ' 
or  mountain  land  I  ^°*  '°'  "*y  • 


Total, 


Horses  used  solely  for  agriculture. . 
Mares  kept  solely  for  breeding  andun- 
_  broken  horses. ... 


Cattle. 
Sheep. 
Pigs. . 


3.969,884 


5,226,803 
12,340.311 


17,567,114 


629 

36.661 

84,629 

347,965 

1,963,161 
1.900,009 


3,863.170 


701 

34.744 

81,241 

316,613 

1,928,172 
1.898,179 


4.942,113 
12,664.331 


1,324,404 

6,963,854 

23,931,412 

2.233,855 


17,606,444 


3,826,351 


4,806,294 
12.772.594 


928 
31.352 
80,356 
430,081 

2,182.798 
1.887,841 


4.070.639 


Acreage  of  cultivated  land  under  principal 
livestock  in  Ireland  during  4  years: 


12,966,188 

7.092,918 

24,285.514 

2.634.249 


17.578.888 


1.212.756 

7.288.087 

24.598.375 

2.579.084 


4.985.211 
12,509,537 


17,494.748 


1.292,626 

7.442,155 

25,006,987 

2,314,331 


crops  and  fallow  land,  and  number  of 


1913 


1914 


1915 


Cultivated  Area. 


Wheat, 
Barley . 
Oats. . , 
Rye... 
Beans. . 
Peas. . , 


Cereal  Crops 


14,691,147 


Total 


t>  ^  ,                  Green  Crops 
Potatoes 

Turnips  and  roots 

Mangold 

Cabbage  and  rape . .... 

Vetches  or  tares ,," 

Other  crops 


34.004 

172.948 

1.048.813 

6,273 

1.264 

211 


14.742.766 


14.719.668 


1916 


14.714.277 


1,263.513 


36,913 

172,289 

1.028,758 

7.535 

1.236 

272 


86,530 

141,586 

1.088,664 

7,440 

1.032 

180 


Total , 


Other  Crops,  Grass.  Etc 

Hops..*".;.;;;;;;;;;;; 

Small  fruits 

Bare  fallow 

Clover  and  sainfoin 

and  grasses  under 

rotation .... 


582.303 

276,596 

78,914 

38.212 

2.267 

31,189 


1,347.003 


583.069 

276.872 

81.570 

39,169 

2.157 

32.569 


1,325,432 


1.009,481 


1,015.426 


For  hay 

Not  for  hay . 


Total 


Permanent  pasture 
exclusive  of  heath 
or  mountain  land. 


For  hay 

Not  for  hay . 


59,305 
"'15,734  ■ 

909,748 
1.720,349 


49.253 
1(5,096 

939,741 
1.759.589 


594,467 

265,122 

82,728 

39,009 

2,635 

25,680 


76,438 

150,063 

1.071,593 

6,611 

998 

148 


1.305,851 


1,009.641 


586.308 

262.814 

80.434 

37.282 

2.121 

18.497 


987.456 


2.630.097 


Total , 


Livestock: 

Horses  used  solely  for  agriculture,  mares^ 
kept  solely  for  breeding  and  unbroken 

cattl?*^■;;  ;;;;;;;;;■; ^ 

Sheep . .  

Pigs ; ; ; ; 


1,572.074 
8.140.493 


9.712.567 


2.699,330 


1,547,772 
8,167,912 


53.143 
"    i'5",8«5" 

••••••■••a 

909.858 
1.685.764 


2.594,622 

1.547,772 
8.167,912 


9.715,684 


541,341 

4.932.625 
3,620.724 
1,060,360 


646.369 

5,051.645 
3,606.645 
1,305,638 


9.715.684 


91.454 
"15.567' 

870,266 
1,779,640 


2,649,906 


1.635.981 
8,128.062 


490.864 

4,843.795 
3,600.067 
1.205.249 


9,664.043 


533.151 

4,970,441 
3.763.705 
1.290.289 


UNITED  KINGDOM 


Agricultural  produce  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland  during  4  years: 

Great  Britain 


Crope 


1913 


1914 


1915 


Cereal  Crops 


Wheat . 
Barley 
Oats.. 
Beans. 
Peas.  ■ 


Green  Crops 


Potatoes ... •  •  • 

Turnips  and  swedes. 
Mangc^d 


Other  Crops 

Hay  from  clover,  sainfoin,  etc . 

From  permanent  pasture 

Hope 


Bushels 

55,401.144 

57,948,520 

111,043.648 

7,540.808 

3,379,024 

Tons 
3,865.458 
20,124,526 
7.647,615 


3,397,386 

6,601,993 

1,985 


Bushels 

61,017,104 

56,774,984 

113,380.616 

8,905,040 

2,983.784 

Tons 
4,030,688 
19.762,264 
7,960,847 


2,746,296 

5,388,556 

28,406 


Bushels 

70.677,280 

41.248.480 

122.176,776 

7.352,136 

2,397,048 

Tons 
3,830,177 
19,340,049 
7,889.650 


2,830,732 

4,521.279 

14.258 


Ireland 


Cereal  Crope 

Wheat 

Barley 

Oats 

Beans 

Peas 

Green  Crops 

Potatoes 

Turnips  and  swedes 

Mangold 

Other  Crops 

Hay  from  clover,  sainfoin,  etc 
From  permanent  pasture .... 


Bushels 

1,295,256 

7,684,011 

54,238,587 

61.667 

6.853 

Tons 

3,739.346 
5.189,292 
1,628,514 


1,833,654 
3.562,055 


Bushels 

1,415,221 

7,750.440 

51,927,683 

55,587 

8,519 

Tons 

3,445,770 
4,433,391 
1.562.074 


1.464,628 
2,803,999 


Bushels 

3,237,560 

5,649,468 

56,290,387 

41,102 

5.656 

Tons 

3.710,663 
5,091,034 
1,806.849 


1,695,460 
3,401,312 


417 


1916 


Bushels 

56.948.040 

46,624.568 

119,508.332 

7.094,592 

2,084,232 

Tons 
3,035.535 
18,882.259 
7,381,918 


3,658,714 

6,213.726 

17.239 


Bushels 

2.827,033 

6,275.833 

51,162.025 

45.983 

4,486 

Tons 

2,433,346 
4.435.911 
1,627,834 


1,828,655 
3,496,777 


Minerals  and  Metals: 

Quantity  in  tons  of  principal  minerals  produced  in  the  United  Kingdom  in  1917: 


Coal 

Chalk 

Iron  Ore 

OU-Shale 

Salt 

Sandstone 

Limestone 

Clay  &  Shale 

Tons  248.499,240 

2,264.350 

14,845,734 

3,117.658 

2,013,388 

1.613.379 

10,454,717 

5,842,675 

In  1916  there  were  3,315  mines  operating,  employmg  a  total  of  1,017,518  persons  of 
whom  9,947  were  females.  During  the  same  year  there  were  5,476  quarries  operating, 
employing  48,196  persons. 


^ 


"I 


418 


EXPORTERS  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


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UNITED  KINGDOM 


419 


Quantity  and  value  (provisional  figures)  of  fish  caught  by  British  fishermen  for  2 
years: • 


1917  Tons 


1918  Tons 


England  and  Wales. 

Scotland 

Ireland 


U.  K.  (excluding  Shell-fish) . 


England  and  Wales 

Scotland 

Ireland 


U  K.  (excluding  Shell-fish) 
U.  K.  shell-fish 


202.581 

153,988 

28,547 


385,116 


$44,476,950 

17,714,772 

2,757,447 


64,949,169 
1,995,778 


234,050 

165,463 

31,838 


431,351 


$68,758,356 

29,119,141 

4,277,757 


102,155.254 
2,639.378 


In  1915  a  total  of  23,556  boats  were  engaged  in  fishing,  of  which  18,438  were  sail, 
and  5,118  were  steam.    In  1914  the  total  was  22,927,  of  which  18,153  were  sail  and  4,774 
were  steam.    In  that  year  there  were  74,233  men  and  boys  regularly  employed  in  fishing 
and  22,614  casuals. 
Registered  Companies: 

Total  number  and  amount  of  paid  up  capital  of  all  registered  companies  in  the  United 
Kingdom  having  a  share  capital  and  carrying  on  business  on  April  30  of  each  of  the  under- 
mentioned years: 


Years 

No. 

Registered  in 
England  Paid- 
up  Capital 

No. 

Registered  in 
Scotland  Paid- 
up  Capital 

No. 

Registered  in 
Ireland  Paid- 
up  Capital 

No. 

Total 

1912. . . 
1913. . . 
1914. . . 
1915. . . 

1916. . . 

50,425 
54,535 
58,164 
59,287 
59,322 

$10,374,018,550 
10.586.269,800 
11,064,256,885 
11,644,444,419 
11,903.510,646 

4,134 
4,347 
4,598 
4,682 
4,716 

$945,392,807 

965,790,071 

997,629,623 

1,022,525,439 

1,049,416,791 

1,793 
1.872 
1.930 
2,017 
2.056 

$229,477,997 
237,040,692 
243,379,123 
248,319,585 
251,639,728 

56,352 
60,754 
64,692 
65,986 
66.094 

$11,349,090,667 
11,789,100,565 
12,305,265,632 
12,915,289,445 
13,204,567,166 

Manufactures: 

Number  of  persons  engaged  in  each  industry  or  occupation  employing  over  200,000 
persons  in  1911: 


Industries  or  Services 


Domestic  Indoor  Service 

Agriculture  (on  farms,  woods  and  gardens) 

Coal  Mining 

Building 

Cotton  manufacture 

Local  government 

Railways 

Engineering   and   coachine  making,   iron  foundering   and 

boiler  making 

Dressmaking 

Teaching 

Inn,  hotel  service 

Grocery 

Tailoring 

Pointing,  bookbinding  and  stationery 

Wools,  worsted,  manufactured 

Boot  and  shoe  making 

Drapery 


Total  Number 

Persons 

Males 

Females 

1,302,438 

41,765 

1,260.673 

1,229,555 

1,134,714 

94,841 

971,236 

968,051 

3,185 

817,942 

814,989 

2.953 

623,825 

250,991 

372,834 

688,951 

412,501 

176.450 

542,969 

533,799 

7,170 

510,226 

502,942 

7,284 

336,955 

3,862 

333,129 

300,831 

89,648 

211,183 

289,056 

178,550 

110.506 

269,372 

210,387 

58,935 

254.828 

127,301 

127,527 

249,199 

215,110 

34.089 

233.189 

105.552 

127.637 

217,986 

172,000 

45.986 

204,126 

93,171 

1 10,955 

'«< 


1 


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:il 


420 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Textiles : 

The  cotton  weaving  and  spinning  industries  are  centered  in  Manchester  and  surround- 
ing towns,  Oldham,  Bolton,  Bury  and  Rochdale  in  Lancashire  to  the  north  and  east  of 
Manchester;  Stockport  and  Hyde,  to  the  south,  Glossop  to  the  southeast,  and  to  the 
north,  Preston,  Blackburn,  Accrington  and  Burnley.  Oldham  and  Bolton  possess  large 
cotton-spinning  mills,  while  Burnley,  Blackburn,  Preston,  Nelson  and  Accrington  are 
centers  for  cotton  weaving.  Nottingham  is  the  center  for  the  production  of  cotton  hosiery 
and  machine-made  net  and  lace.  Cotton  thread  and  fine  lawns  and  muslins  are  manu- 
factured in  Paisley  in  Scotland. 

The  center  of  the  woolen  industry  is  Leeds.  Bradford  is  the  center  for  the  production 
of  worsted  and  likewise  has  large  silk,  velvet  and  plush  mills.  There  are  large  alpaca 
factories  at  Saltaire.  Halifax  produces  light  worsted  fabrics.  Dewsbury  and  Batley 
produce  heavy  fabrics;  Huddersfield,  fancy  goods  and  plain  fabrics.  Leicester  is  the 
center  for  the  manufacture  of  woolen  hosiery;  Kidderminster  and  Wilton  produce  carpets, 
the  former  town  specializing  in  "Brussels"  carpet.  In  Scotland  the  woolen  industry  finds 
its  center  in  the  district  of  the  Tweed,  at  Selkirk,  Hawick,  Jedburgh,  Innerleithen,  Gala- 
shills,  and  in  Dumfries,  Ayr  and  Kilmarnock. 

Linen  is  one  of  the  two  important  industries  of  Belfast  in  Ireland;  Dundee,  Montrose 
and  Dunfermline  in  Scotland  and  Bamsley  and  Canterbury  in  England.  Jute  sacking  is 
manufactured  principally  in  Dundee  in  Scotland. 

The  silk  industry  has  its  centers  at  Derby,  Ilkeston  and  Chesterfield  in  Derbyshire, 
Macclesfield  and  Congleton  in  Cheshire  and  Leek  in  Staffordshire.    Coventry  produces 
ribbons;  velvets  and  plushes  are  manufactured  in  Bradford,  and  umbrella  silk  in  London. 
Metals  and  Machinery: 

For  manufactures  of  iron  Birmingham,  with  the  surrounding  towns  of  Wolverhampton, 
Walsall,  West  Bromwicly,  Wednesbury,  and  Dudley,  and  Sheffield,  are  centers.  Rails 
are  manufactured  in  Middlesborough  and  Barrow,  iron  wire  at  Warrington,  tin  and  zinc 
plate  in  the  Welsh  towns  of  Swansea,  Llanelly,  Cardiff,  Neath,  Monmouth,  Akeravon  and 
Pontypool.  Railway  equipment  is  made  at  Manchester,  Birmingham,  Glasgow,  and 
Newcastle. 

Coal  and  coke  are  exported  largely  through  Cardiff,  Newcastle,  Swansea  and  Hartle- 
pool. Copper,  silver,  lead,  zinc  and  sulphur  are  smelted  at  Swansea  and  Llanelly.  Manu- 
factures of  copper,  brass,  bronze,  etc.,  center  in  Birmingham,  while  Rotherham  is  a  center 
for  the  manufacture  of  brass.  Lead  is  mined  in  the  Isle  of  Man,  in  Durham  and  in  the 
north.  Tin  and  copper  are  mined  principally  in  Devon  and  Cornwall. 
Miscellaneous: 

Earthenware  and  porcelain  manufacture  is  the  chief  industry  of  the  five  towns  of 
Staffordshire  commonly  called  the  "Potteries,"  Burslem,  Stoke,  Hanley,  Newcastle- 
under-Lyme,  and  Etruria.  Worcester  'and  Derby  produce  fine  porcelain;  Stourbridge,  a 
hard  stoneware.    Glassware  is  made  at  St.  Helens,  Birmingham  and  other  towns. 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures: 

The  unit  of  British  currency  is  the  pound  sterling,  expressed  £,  with  a  par  value  of 
$4.8665  U.  S.  currency.  The  pound  is  divided  into  20  shillings,  each  shilling  into  12 
pence. 

Weights  and  measures  are  as  in  the  United  States  with  these  exceptions:  The  British 
ton  is  of  2,240  pounds  avoirdupois  (long  ton)  and  is  divided  into  20  hundredweight  (abbre- 
viated cwt.)  of  112  pounds  each.  The  British  gallon,  called  the  Imperial  gallon,  is  equal 
to  1.20  United  States  gallons.     The  Imperial  bushel  is  equal  to  1.03  American  bushels; 


UNITED  KINGDOM 


421 


Hivisions  of  the  bushel,  pints,  quarts  and  pecks,  have  corresponding  American  values. 
The  British  quarter  as  a  measure  of  capacity  is  equal  to  8.25  United  States  bushels.  A 
frequently  used  measure  is  the  stone  of  14  pounds. 

^Details  as  to  the  tonnage  of  vessels  entering  and  clearing  ports  of  the  United  Kingdom 
during  6  years:  ^ 


Yeax 


Entbbeo  (with  cabgobs) 


British 


Foreign 


Total 


Cleared  (with  caroobs) 


British 


1913 
1914 
1915 
1916 
1917 
1918 


Tons 
32.292,343 
28,928,893 
22.861,738 
20.217,334 
18,795,045 
19,791,267 


Tons 

16,771,890 

14,131,890 

10,862,166 

9,842.214 

4,433,501 

3.415,850 


Tons 
49,064,233 
43,060,783 
33.723,904 
30.059.548 
23.228.546 
23.207,117 


Tons 
40.101,232 
32,515,814 
20,380,530 
17.751.953 
16.926.662 
14.953,266 


Foreign 

Total 

Tons 

Tons 

27.718.469 

67.819,701 

23.452.755 

55.968,569 

19.148,832 

39.529.362 

17.843,941 

35,595,894 

9,149,162 

26,075.824 

7,770,279 

22.723.545 

Railroads:  Total  mileage  23,709. 

Post  Oflaces,  Telegraphs,  Telephones: 

There  are  24,509  post  offices  and  50,285  letter  boxes.  The  mileage  of  telegraph  wure 
is  3,264,822,  and  the  number  of  offices  14,156.  There  are  1,061  telephone  exchanges. 
London  has  263,195  telephones,  the  rest  of  the  country  523,856. 

Consular  Representatives: 

United  States  consular  officials  are  stationed  in  the  following  places:— England: 
In  London  there  are  two  Ck)nsul  Generals,  one  Consul  and  seven  Vice  Consuls;  Consuls 
in  Birmingham,  Bradford,  Bristol,  HuU,  Leeds,  Liverpool,  Manchester,  Newcastle-on- 
Tyne,  Nottingham,  Plymouth,  Sheffield,  Southampton,  Stoke-on-Trent;  a  Vice  Consul 
in  Weymouth  and  a  Consular  agent  in  West  Hartlepool.  Ireland:  Consul  and  Vice 
Consuls  in  Belfast,  Cork  (Queenstown),  and  DubUn;  Consular  Agents  in  Londonderry, 
Limerick,  and  Galway.  Scotland:  Consuls  and  Vice  Consuls  in  Dundee,  Dunfermline, 
Edinburgh  and  Glasgow;  also  Consular  Agents  in  Aberdeen  and  Troon.    Wales:    Consuls 

and  Vice  Consuls  in  Cardiff  and  Swansea. 

Great  Britain  has  consular  officials  stationed  at  Birmingham,  Mobile,  Douglas  (Ariz.), 
Los  Angeles,  San  Diego,  San  Francisco,  Denver,  Washington  (D.  C),  Femandina,  Jack- 
sonville, Key  West,  Miami,  Pensacola,  Tampa,  Brunswick  (Ga.),  Darien,  Savannah, 
Honolulu  (Hawau),  Chicago,  New  Orieans,  Portland,  Baltimore,  Boston,  Detroit,  Duluth 
(Minn.),  Minneapolis  and  St.  Paul,  Gulfport,  Kansas  City,  St.  Louis,  Omaha,  Buffalo, 
New  York  City,  WUmington,  Cincinnati,  Cleveland,  Astoria,  Portland,  Philadelphia, 
Pittsburgh,  Cebu  (P.  I.),  IloUo  (P.  I.),  Manila  (P.  I.),  Zamboanga,  Mindanao  (P.  I.), 
Arecibo  (P.  R.),  Arroyo  de  Guayama  (P.  R.),  Humacao  (P.  R.),  Mayaguez  (P.  R.),  Ponce 
(P.  R.),  San  JHian  (P.  R.).  Providence  (R.  I.),  Charleston,  El  Paso,  Galveston,  Laredo, 
Port  Arthur,  Newport  News,  Norfolk,  Richmond,  Christiansted  (V.  I.),  Frederiksted 
(V.  L),  St.  Thomas  (V.  I.),  Gray's  Harbor.  Port  Angeles,  Seattle  and  Tacoma. 

Customs  Tariff : 

The  United  Kingdom  being  a  free  trade  country,  the  British  tariff  assesses  duties 
only  on  coffee,  chicory,  cocoa,  tea,  sugar,  tobacco,  spirits  (mcluding  perfumery),  and  wine. 

Consular  Regulations: 

No  consular  documents  are  necessary  nor  are  there  any  restrictions  as  to  weights, 

marks,  etc. 


422 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Language: 

The  English  language  is  invariably  used  in  commercial  correspondence. 
Local  Advertising  Media: 

Conditions  in  the  United  Kingdom  as  regards  advertising  closely  approximate  those  in 
tne  United  States. 

Shipping  Routes: 

Cunard  Line. 
White  Star  Line. 
American  Line. 
Anchor  Line. 
Atlantic  Transport  Line. 

Cable  Rates:  Twenty-five  cents  per  word  from  New  York  City  and  New  England  states. 
Postal  Rates:  Letters;  domestic  letter  rate,  other  matter  at  Postal  Union  rates. 
Parcels  Post:  Service  extends  to  United  Kingdom.    Parcels  cannot  be  registered. 
Money  Orders:  Issued. 
International  Reply  Coupons:  Issued. 


. 


ADEN 


423 


ASIA 

ADEN,  PERIM,  SOKOTRA,  AND  KURIA  MURIA  ISLANDS 

Aden,  located  on  a  peninsula  on  the  South  Arabian  coast,  is  an  important  coaUng  station 
in  the  Suez  route  to  the  east,  and  is  heavily  fortified  by  the  British  Government,  of  which 
it  is  a  possession.  The  area  of  Aden  Proper  is  75  square  miles,  but  the  area  of  the  protec- 
torate is  about  9,000  square  miles,  and  that  of  Perim  is  5  square  miles.  Aden,  Perim, 
Sokotra,  and  Kuria  Muria  Islands  are  subject  to  the  Bombay  Government.  Population 
of  Aden  and  Perim  1911,  46,165.  Goods  can  be  sent  by  parcel  post  to  Aden  via  England 
at  the  regular  12-cent  rate  plus  transit  charges. 

Commerce 

Imports  (1917-18),  by  sea,  $19,754,675;  by  land,  $626,036;  treasure  (sea  and  land), 
$1,619,439;  total  imports,  $22,000,150.  Chief  imports;  cotton,  piece  goods,  grain,  hides 
and  skins,  tobacco,  coal,  coffee,  sugar,  fruits,  vegetables,  and  other  provisions.  Exports, 
by  sea,  $16,665,790;  by  land,  $5,161;  treasure,  by  sea  and  land,  $848,138;  total  exports, 
$17,519,089.  Principal  exports  are  coffee,  gums,  hides,  skins,  cotton  goods,  tobacco, 
grains,  sugar  and  provisions. 

The  trade  is  largely  a  transhipment  trade.  Aden  itself  produces  little,  the  chief 
industries  being  the  manufacture  of  cigarettes  and  salt.  Attached  to  Aden  are  the  island 
of  Sokotra,  with  an  area  of  1,382  square  miles,  off  the  coast  of  Africa,  and  the  five  Kuria 
Muria  Islands  off  the  coast  of  Arabia.  The  chief  products  are  dates,  giuns,  sheep,  cattle, 
and  goats. 

AFGHANISTAN 

A  country  in  Asia,  bounded  by  Bokhara  and  Russia  on  the  north,  Persia  on  the  west, 
Baluchistan  on  the  south  and  the  northwest  border  of  India  on  the  east.  Area,  about 
245,000  square  miles;  population  about  6,500,000,  principally  Afghans.  The  languages 
are  Persian  and  a  native  dialect;  the  rehgion,  Mohammedan.  The  principal  towns  are 
Kab(il,  the  capital,  with  a  population  of  about  177,000;  Kanddhar,  with  a  population  of 
about  30,000,  and  Herat,  with  a  population  of  about  20,000. 

The  country  is  largely  dry  and  mountainous,  but  there  are  many  fertile  valleys,  and 
irrigation  is  practised.  Two  crops  are  harvested  in  summer,  rice,  maize  and  millet  are 
planted  in  late  spring  and  harvested  in  autumn.  Fruits,  principally  apples,  pears,  peaches 
and  grapes  are  abundant,  and  are  dried  in  large  quantities  for  export.  Sheep  are  raised 
in  large  numbers,  and  their  hides  and  wool  exported.  Copper,  lead,  iron,  gold,  and  lapis- 
lazuli  are  mined.  Silks,  carpets  and  brushes,  shawls,  etc.  made  from  goats  and  camels- 
hair.    Soap,  boots,  cloth  and  sheepskin  coats  are  manufactured. 

The  trade  of  Afghanistan  is  carried  on  with  India,  Bokhara,  Persia  and  Turkestan. 
No  statistics  are  kept.  Imports  from  India,  1917-18  amoimted  to  $6,559,840;  exports  to 
India,  $5,529,000,  according  to  Indian  statistics.  The  principal  imports  from  India  are 
cotton  piece  goods,  dyes,  sugar,  hardware;  exports  are  lumber,  fruits  and  vegetables, 
grain,  drugs,  wool  and  spices.  There  is  no  direct  trade  between  the  United  States  and 
Afghanistan,  trade  with  that  country  being  carried  on  through  merchant  houses  in  India. 

The  unit  of  currency  is  the  Kabul  rup)ee,  with  a  value  of  about  $0.16  at  the  normal 
rate  of  exchange  on  India.     Letters  and  packages  for  Afghanistan  must  be  sent  to  Afghan 


I     I 


424 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


BAHRIEN  ISLANDS 


425 


r. 


Shipping  routes:  See  India. 

Consular  regulations:  No  consular  documents  are  required 

Cable  rates:  From  New  York  or  New  England  states,  $0.66  per  word 

Postal  rates:  Postal  Union  rates. 

Mail  time:  About  25  days. 

Parcels  Post: 

Goods  can  be  sent  to  Afghanistan  by  parcel  oost  via  Fn.,lo«^  „*  *u 
rate  plus  transit  charges.  ^  England  at  the  regular  12K;ent 

Money  orders:  Not  issued. 

International  reply  coupons:  Not  issued. 

ANDAMAN  ISLANDS 

largelsirdTtotfh^t^^^^^^^  -"-/--  ^^  coast  of  Burma.     Five 

man.     The.  a^  some  2(J^ml^oriS:l^^^^^^^  «^^*^  ^^^^^  ^nda- 

miles;  the  total  population  is  17,324,  of  whom  iJlT  ^al^ri^^r  Th^    '^.  ''"^" 
possession  of  Great  Britain     PrinciDal  nmHnnfo  '^''T^^^^euiea.    The  islands  are  a 

Manila  hemp.     Thei.  w^  9,5^  head  oS^  ^  T^"^^"''  "^'^^  ^^^ 

27,500  acres  and  forest  to  about  80  squa^  ^Z     The  !:ttl      T^  land  amounts  to  about 
by  the  government  of  India     oZ  to^^nrf  Rl«        ^"*«'^«'^]  is  used  as  a  penal  colony 
and  Calcutta,  and  by  t^less  wX^n^^^ 
NicobarandUccadivelsl^rardeiV^^^^^  '''^''^  ^«^^^-  -^^  the 

NICOBAR  ISLANDS 

A  group  of  19  islands,  of  which  only  12  are  inhabits)   »K«,.»  7/:      i 
Andaman.    Possession  of  Great  Britain     NatTv^poSo*    of  m' ■"'"'^  '""*''  °^  ^"'^ 
8,818.    Cocoanuta  are  the  only  product.     The  cCte  ts'::;iutTuX;.;y.  "'"^ 

THE  LACCADIVE  ISLANDS 

A  group  of  14  islands,  of  which  5  are  uninhabited   about  !!m  ™i       «... 

coast  of  the  Madras  Presidency.    The  population  is  atoutl2(i)0     Th  *''1  "'^'""' 

is  coir  fibre.  "'  '"'"""•    The  principal  product 

BAHREIN  ISLANDS 

A  group  of  islands  in  the  Persian  Gulf  20  milps  nff  fh.  „„    *    .  .     t. 
island,  Bahrein,  is  27  miles  long  and  10  mil^wWe     The  ot^^       ^"'^"'-    '^'  ""^t 
harrak,  4  miles  long  and  H  mUe  wide  fflt™  Im^I^T  ^  f""?^*'  '"''"'*'  "«  "u- 

withanareaofabout2squ^„^es  and  JeLwa  tJJ°°^  ?",'  "^'^  ^'"^'''  ^"^^  ^aleh, 
total  population  is  estimated  at  XuttS  ^^t":  t** 'l^  ^  unoccupied  islands.    The 

Manama,  with  a  population  of  about  MOW 'The  oil  T  """^  «>™mercial  center  is 
on  the  island  of  t^^name  with  al^uSo  Jlb^r^KZ'^T''^  '°'"f  ""'^"'^ 
trative  purpose  attached  to  India.  "">at>itants.    The  islands  are  for  adminis- 

Commerce 


The  chief  imports  in  1917-18  were:  specie,  $1,258,249;  pearls,  $739,206;  rice,  $1,771,747; 
^ffee  $289,490;  ghee,  $160,380;  sugar,  $260,845;  t«a,  $170,814;  piece  goods,  $1,896,906. 
The  chief  eiporte  wei^:  Pearls,  $1,545,441;  rice,  $910,112;  coffee,  $175,198;  tea,  $50,689; 
suear,  $139,725;  dates,  $40,940. 

The  port  of  Bahrein  is  important  in  the  trans-shipment  of  goods  from  the  mamland, 
because  of  the  exceUence  of  its  harbor  and  good  steamship  service. 

Production  and  Industry 
The  principal  industry  is  the  pearl  fishery  in  which  there  are  more  than  1,000  boats 
engaged.     Dates,  locaUy  manufactured  sail  cloths,  and  reed  mats  are  the  principal  products. 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures:  ^,    •   r^u         a  no«. 

The  coinage  in  use  consists  of  British  sovereigns,  Indian  rupees,  Mana  Theresa  doUare, 
and  the  Turkish  and  Persian  coins.  The  principal  weights  and  measures  are:  the 
dhirau  of  ISH  inches;  the  miscal  shirazi  of  72  grains;  the  miscal  bar  of  720  grams;  the 
rubaa  of  4,114  lbs.  avoir.;  the  mann  of  57.6  lbs.  avoir.;  and  the  rafaa  of  576  lbs.  avour. 


BALUCHISTAN 

A  state  comprising  the  farthest  western  corner  of  the  Indian  Emph^  with  an  area  of 
134,638  square  miles  and  a  population  (1911)  of  834,703.  It  is  bounded  on  the  north  by 
Afghanistan,  on  the  west  by  Persia  and  on  the  south  by  the  Arabian  sea  The  naUve 
independent  states  protected  by  Great  Britain  comprise  an  area  of  about  80,410  square 
miles;  the  rest  is  possessed  and  admmistered  by  Great  Britain.  The  trade  of  the  country 
is  carried  on  by  native  Hindus,  of  whom  there  were  in  1911,  37,602. 

The  country  is  for  the  most  part  barren  and  mountamous,  the  chmate  vanes  between 
the  extremes  of  heat  and  cold.  Fruits,  wheat,  barley  and  rice  are  cultivated.  Iron, 
lead  and  coal  are  worked,  but  the  minerals  of  the  country  have  not  begun  to  be  developed. 
Manufacturing  is  unimportant:  rugs,  leather  goods  and  needlework,  distilling  and  gram 
milling  and  brewing  constitute  the  principal  enterprises. 

There  is  no  direct  trade  between  the  United  States  and  Baluchistdn,  trade  with  that 
country  being  carried  on  through  merchant  houses  in  India.  Trade  is  chiefly  earned  on 
with  India,  Afghanistan  and  Persia.  Imports  from  India,  1918,  $149,580;  exports  to 
India  $456,167.  Principal  unports  are  cotton  piece  goods  from  India,  canned  foods,  tea, 
sugar  and  metal  work.  Exports  are  fruits,  fish,  rugs,  mats  and  wool.  The  trade  between 
India  and  Afghanistan  and  India  and  Persia  passes  through  Baluchistdn. 

There  are  975  miles  of  macadamized  road,  2,130  miles  of  path  and  unmetaUed  road; 
the  North-Western  railway  has  two  branches   of  Une  in    Baluchistan,    and    there   are, 
besides,  128  miles  of  other  railway  Une.  Telegraph  and  postal  facilities  are  admmistered 
by  the  British. 
Shipping  routes:  See  India. 

Consular  Regulations:  No  consular  documents  are  required. 
Cable  rates:  From  New  York  or  New  England  states,  $0.66  per  word. 
Postal  rates:  Postal  Union  rates. 
Mail  time:  About  25  days. 

Parcel  post:  Service  does  not  extend  to  Baliichistdn. 
Money  orders:  Issued. 
International  reply  coupons:  Not  issued. 


426 


^^P^^firgfi-g  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


CHINA 


427 


A  n  *  K  BRITISH  NORTH  BORNEO 

Ea^tlStitTan'^Ir*:,  rbS^^^ir^^^^  ^^^  <"  »"«  ^^<^^  of  Borneo  in  the 
a  population,  1911,  of  m  m     E,!!;^  '"""" /°''^'  "^  <^o««t  ""«  of  over  900  miles,  and 

T  Commerce 

imports  and  exports  during  fiv^  vp»ra .- 


Imports. 
Exports 


$3,083,854 
4,194,738 


12,696,245 
3,561.519 


•2,540,074 
4,206.626 


12,434,534 
4.928,730 


$3,035,006 
—— ___^__  5.229.714 

Exports  of  leaf  tobacco  in  1915  werp  «l  q9«  q^.  into    •« ^ 

Exports  of  plantation  rubber  in  msZTvlt^^UT,',,*^''^-  '"''•  *^''^- 
in  1917,  13,083,981.  Of  timber  whkhVth.  .  '  '''^' '°  ^^'^' »2.453,517;  and 
there  wa.  exported  in  191,  ^^{,^^1  m^:^^;  ^^^^,^1^^  ^°"°''^' 

rp,         -I  Production  and  Industry 

Railways  and  Telegraphs: 

Mo„I':wS'L"  Measl^i's"''''  "'  '''''^"P'''  '='"""' ''°''  '^'^P'^one  connections. 

Britirrgl''::;:!!^;^"^""^'  ""^  '"•'  °°-"-»'  --  **«  own  coins. 

SarawIL""*"  *"  ^^'^'^'^  ^"^'^  «--  -  the  neighboring  territories  of  Brunei  and 
Parcel  Post: 

VlJr:^::Z^r'  '^  """'  •"''  '°  ^""^^  ^-  E"*"-"  «'  the  regular  12  cent  rate 

A  K  BRUNEI 

town  B^^eriprioTa^uttVS^^^^^^^^^  ^■---    ''Hncipa. 

^.  SrZ/VaK  IZ'^sT:'-"^^^-^^-^^  'va,uT:tT87.0S  an. 
mUes  distant  from  llb^n   w!th  wW.h  ~  ""■""•""  "'*'"*"'«•    ^he  territory  is  43 

tained.  '  ™"'  *'"•''>  ^«^"  connections  by  steam  launch   are  main- 

,  SARAWAK 

being  developed.  ^'  quicksilver  are  mmed,  and  an  oil  field  at  Miri  is 

T        ^      *«  Commerce 


CfflNA 

The  territory  occupied  by  China,  including  therein  Manchuria  and  Mongolia,  exceeds 
by  over  600,000  square  mUes  the  area  of  the  United  States,  includmg  Hawau,  Alaska  and 
Porto  Rico.  The  estimated  population  of  Chim.  exceeds  that  of  the  United  States,  incisive 
of  Hawau,  Alaska  and  Pori«  Rico,  by  approximately  16,000,000.  The  chmate  of  China 
varies  according  to  latitude,  ranging  from  very  mild  in  the  south  to  cold  m  the  northern 
districts  and  many  places  in  the  interior. 

For  commercial  purposes  China  may  be  divided  into  three  territoi^^e^sw^em. 
central  and  northern.  The  southern  district  comprises  the  provinces  of  K«55f««g,  Kwangsi 
Fukien,  Yunnan  and  Kweichow.  The  principal  treaty  porte  in  this  distnct  open  to  fc^ign 
trade,  and  including  both  seaporU  and  inland  porta,  are:  in  Kw«»Uing;  Hong  Kong  (British), 


428 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Swatow,  Canton  and  Kowloon;  in  Fukien;  Foochow.  Amoy  and  San-tu-ao.    The  central 
to  mcludes  the  provinces  of  the  Yangtze  River  vaUey  inland  to  S.echwan  and Xt 

^S^'I^T    k^'^Ik""^^'''^'*'''  ^'^'^"«'  Nankin  and  Soochow  in  the  proS 
of  K,ang.8u,  Hanghow,  Shansi  and  Ichang  in  the  province  of  Hupeh,  and  Hangchow  i„ 

the  provmce  of  Che-Kiang.    The  northern  district  comprises  the  p^viAce  of  C^Z2 
Manchuna  and  Mongolia.    The  principal  treaty  porta  in  this  district  are  KMau  (t! 
Japan)  T^gtau,  Chefco  and  Wei-hai-wei  (British)  in  the  p,ovince  of  Shlung"  T.e^t^^ 
m^;  Daxren  (le^  to  Japan),  NewK>hang,  Mukden,  in  the  province  of  ShengX 
iiinn  and  Harbin  m  the  province  of  Kirin.  ^^' 

w.rJ'' VT?  °^  **"*  '""^  "o-nmercial  regions  indicated  varies  widely.  North  China  is 
warm,  often  hot,  m  summer,  and  cold  in  winter.  Central  China  is  damp,  with  low^ml 
ature  m  wmter  and  prevailing  heat  in  summer.  South  China  is  sub-tropical;  the  clZte 
»  hot,  damp  aad  enervatmg  throughout  the  year.    The  best  seasons  for  travel  L     N^t 

la^lt  r res.  '^"'^*'  ^"^^  "''^  ''"'■^"  -^^  '"''  '^"'^'^  «-"'  ^^^- 

T>  ,  .'^^^  P^^^^^P^  seaports  of  China  are  Shanghai,  for  the  central  region    Tienstin  for 

Yangtze  River,  ,s  the  center  of  distribution  for  the  central  interior  of  China 

nouses  chiefly  Bntish  and  Amencan,  known  as  "hongs."    These  houses  supply  the  Chinese 

and  wealthy.  These  Chinese  firms  in  turn  supply  the  bazaars  and  the  Chinese  retail  shops 
The  commission  houses  usually  employ  a  native  middleman,  known  as  a  comprador  who 
m  addition  to  bemg  an  intrepreter  acts  as  credit  man  and  agent,  and  who  is  bonded  InS 
hdd  responsible  for  the  payment  for  goods  sold  by  the  comiXiok  house  t^  native  Chin'e 
firms.  It  IS  well  worth  noting  that  in  China  every  trade  has  its  own  guild,  and  that^e^e 
guilds  have  great  influence  in  aU  matters  affecting  their  trade. 

China  is  primarily  an  agricultural  country,  the  great  majority  of  the  population  beinir 
farmers.  In  general,  the  agricultural  holdings  are  very  smaU  and  the  methoTof  a^uHure 
prmntive.  Irrigation  is  practiced  in  large  areas  of  the  country.  Stock  raising  is  no  of  an^ 
great  importance.  The  principal  croj«  of  the  north  of  China  are  wheat,  briey  mmet  corn 
bean«,  and  peas.  Tobacco,  cotton,  and  some  rice  are  hkewise  produ;ed  In  ™he  C^ntS 
provinces  theprmcipal  agricultural  products  are  tea,  cotton,  rice,Td  ramie.    In  the^uth 

t^.2'T  "T  ''^''  ^'^"^'"'  ^^  '''''''  ^^^P«  ^^«  ^^^-  The  bamboo,  mdberry  tr^: 
trees  which  produce  gum-lac,  and  fruit  trees  are  cultivated  throughout  the  countT 

yet  I^elZdtZwT/  ''''".'  "Vu  '^"*  ^^^^<-^  ^ut  are  for  the  most  part  not 
yet  developed  to  their  full  capacity.  There  are  large  coal  fields,  the  most  important  of 
which  IS  m  he  Province  of  Shansi.  There  are  hkewise  iron  depos  ts.  Both  JtCe  have 
been  recently  developed  and  railway  comiections  estabhshed  ^^th  the  mining  dJtricT 
Copper  and  tm  are  other  important  minerals,  and  silver  is  mined  to  some  extent  Of 
manufacturmg  industnes  the  most  important  are  the  textile  mills,  iron  works   tea   rice 

eTtal^r  ^'  "i^'i^  ^'"^^"  '"^^"^«-  ^^«  -"-  -d  silk 'spinning  a^ktl^ng 
estabhshmente  are  the  largest  and  best  equipped  of  China's  manuf acLing  inZtri^Td 
have  attracted  large  investments  of  foreign  capital.  maustries  and 

w  1^^  ^^^•'  *''*^  '""^"^  '"^  ^^^^  *^^  ^"^^  States  suppUed  10.5  per  cent  Of  China's 
total  exports  m  1917  the  United  States  received  19.5  per  cent. 


CHINA 


429 


Area  and  Population 
Area,  population  and  capitals  of  the  eighteen  provinces  and  other  possessions  of 
China.        _^ - 


Provincea 


Area 
Sq.  miles 


Population 


Capitals 


Anhwei 

Chekiaog.. 

Chihli 

Fuhkien.. . 
Honan .  •  ■  • 

Hunan 

Hupeh .... 

Kansu 

Kiangsi.... 
Kiangsu . . . 
Kwangsi . . . 
Kwantung. 
Kweichow . 

Shanai 

Shantung.. 

Sbensi 

Ssechwan . 
Yunnan . . . 


Total. 


New  Dominion: 

Hsinchiang. .  . 
Dependencies: 

Manchuria. . . . 

Fengtien 

Kirin 

Heilungchiang. 

Mongolia 

Tibet 


Grand  Total . 


54.826 
36.680 

115.830 
46.332 
67.954 
83.398 
71.428 

125,483 
69.498 
38.610 
77,220 

100.000 
67,182 
81.853 
55.984 
75.290 

218.533 

146,714 


1.532,815 

550,340 
363.610 


17,300.000 
17,000,000 
32,571,000 
13,100,000 
25,600,000 
23.600,000 
24.900.000 

5,000.000 
14.500.000 
17,300,000 

6,500,000 
27,700,000 
11,300.000 
10,000,000 
29,600.000 

8,800.000 
23.000,000 

8,500.000 


Anking 

Hangchow 

Paoting 

Foochow 

Kaifeng 

Chang^ia 

Wuchang 

Lanchow 

Nanchang 

Nanking 

Kueilin 

Canton 

Keuiyang 

Taiyuen 

Tsinan 

Tsian 

Chengtu 

Yunnan 


316.271.000 


2.000.000 


1.367.600 
463.200 


4.277.565 


5.830.000 
5.350,000 
1.560.000 
1,800,000 
2.000,000 


334,811.000 


Tihuafu 


Mukden 

Kirin 

Tsitaihar 

Urga 

Lhassa 


Population  of  principal  cities: 

The  population  of  Pekin,  the  capital,  is  well  over  1,000,000.  The  population  of  the 
principal  treaty  ports  is  as  follows:  Aigun,  23,814;  Sansing,  15,647;  Harbin,  28,600;  Antung, 
45,091;  Dairen,  49,784;  Newchang,  56,683;  Chinwangtao,  5,000;  Tientsin,  800,000;  Chefoo, 
54,450;  Tsingtau,  77,052;  Chungkmg,  425,000;  Wanhsien,  70,000;  Changsha,  535,800; 
Ichang,  55,000;  Shansi,  105,000;  Hankow,  1,321,284;  Kiukiang,  36,000;  Wuhu,  108,610; 
Nanking,  377,459;  Chinkiang,  168,309;  Shanghai,  1,000,000;  Soochow,  500,000;  Hangchow, 
684,137;  Ningpo,  470,000;  Wenchow,  124,544;  Santuao,  8,000;  Foochow,  624,000;  Amoy, 
114,000;  Swatow,  85,000;  Canton,  900,000;  Kongmoon,  70,000;  Samshui,  6,000;  Kiung- 
chow,  56,639;  Pakhoi,  20,000;  Wuchow,  40,000;  Nanking,  50,000;  Lungchow,  13,000; 
Mengtsz,  10,000;  Szemao,  15,000;  Tengyueh,  10,000. 

Hong  Kong  ®,  which  is  a  British  Crown  colony,  has,  including  Kowloon  and  adja- 
cent territory  controlled  by  Great  Britain,  an  area  of  391  square  miles  and  a  popula- 
tion of  535,100.  The  resident  white  population  is  13,500  of  whom  one-half  are  British 
and  one-third  are  Portuguese. 

The  foreign  population  of  China,  as  estimated  by  the  Customs  authorities  numbered 
220,485  in  1917  and  was  distributed  by  nationality  as  follows:  


American 6,618 

Austrian 317  ® 

Belgian 324 

British 8.479 

Danish 450 

Dutch 298 


French 2,262® 

German 2.899  ® 

Hungarian 18  ® 

Italian 416 

Japanese 144.492 

Norwegian 277 


Portuguese 2.297 

Russian ^^'^i? 

Spanish 300 

Swedish 513 

Other  nationalities 215 

Total 220.485 


Note:    0  Including  714  proteg^. 
plete  data. 


®  Practically  aU  deported  March.  1919.  ®  See  page  444  for  com- 


y-l 


i 


430 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREWN  MARKETS 


Value  of  the 


1909. 

1910. 

1911. 

1912. 

1913. 

1914. 

1915. 

1916. 

1917.. 

1918. . 

1910.. 


119,397.629 

16.252.071 

19,264.876 

24,315,623 

21,261,531 

24,662,116 

16,355,434 

25,055,077 

36,547,279 

43,104,781 


Commerce 
total  foreign  trade  of  the  United  States  with  China  for  eleven  yean,: 

Excess  of 
Exports  (♦) 

or 
Imports  (-) 


$22,395 
68.541 
22.960 
45.576 
65.303 
36,618 
47,041 
76,382 
648,327 
371,842 


$19,420,024 
16.320,612 
19.287.836 
24.361.199 
21.326.834 
24.698,734 
16.402,475 
25.131,459 
37,195.608 
43.476.623 
92,496.112 


$20,672,897 
20.369,508 
26.036.648 
20.713.759 
28.933.416 
32,009,539 
32,079,465 
55,462.436 
86.310.456 
85.040.023 


$8,125,826 

9.620,862 

8,190,855 

8,859,973 

10,077,384 

7,373,439 

8,076,674 

16,192,609 

19,595,075 

31.604,958 


$28,798,723 
29,990,370 
34,227,503 
29,573,732 
39,010,800 
39.382.978 
40.156.139 
71.655,045 
105,905,531 
116,644.981 
128,319,451 


71.78 
67.92 
76.07 
70  04 
74.17 
81.28 
79.89 
77.40 
81.50 
72.90 


-$9,378,699 
-13,669,758 
-14,939.667 
-6,212,633 
-17.683,966 
-14.684.244 
-23.753.664 
-46.523,586 
-68.709,923 
-73,168.358 
-35,923,339 


vaiue^trai.rs;'Trir:fihrHrs^ '^  "'%^'"*''"''  ^"«'°-'  ^'^- 

1908  to  1917  was  as  fol  nw7  Jh      1    ,  u      ^^ '°  **""'  °'  ^"^^^  S*"'**  """ei^y  from 
have  been'lrte'd  :tZ\Z>vr^:'^:'"''  ^"^  *"*  ^"^  ^"^^  f<"  -^  yea, 


tinatlr"^  "^"  °'  ''''"  '""'^  "'^«'  '"""-^  P"-iP»'  countries  of  origin  and  des- 


HoDgKong 

Macao.  .  . 

French  Indo-China 

Siam 

Straits  Settlements 

Dutch  East  Indies     

British  India.  

S"r^«SrfS':^°^*' *■''■'••-- 

Norway .  

Sweden .  .     

Denmark.      

Netherlands  '. 

France . .  

Spain .■.■;.■; 

Switzerland .         

Italy .".".'.■.■.■.■.'.■ 

Russia,  European  ports 

r!!«I*  ^i""^  ^'^"*'  ^y  'and  frontieri 
Kussia,  Amur  ports 

Russia,  Pacific  ports    

Korea 

Japan ' ' ' ' 

Philippine  Islands .  . 

Canada 

United  States 

South  America  

Australia  and  New  Zijkiand '. '. 

South  Africa 


$204,361,688 
6,399,091 
3.476.694 
498.153 
13.017.746 
10.791.770 
10.066,008 
478,878 
62,861,769 
10 
12,433 
241 
1.398 
1.956.761 
32,772 
17,216 
449,409 
16,044 
1,806,973 
333.910 
5.882,803 
13.176.099 
300.961.808 
4,023,840 
13,048,008 
73,944,416 
18 
1.206.246 
9,404 


$147,404,906 
5.704,922 
2.007.815 
2,484,757 
8,064,657 
3.266.927 
7.607.743 
3.739.294 
31,833,821 
117 

764,i25" 

42 
38.391,793 
23,248 
46 
12,139,822 
104 
2.486,169 
2,007.466 
13.907.454 
17.243,606 
206.876.565 
2.713,066 
6,173,074 
97,189,098 
225,262 
1,689,698 
148,601 


CHINA 


Foreign  trade  for  1918,  showing  principal  articles: 


Articles 


Living  Animals: 

Horses 

Cattle 

Sheep 

Goats 

Pigs 

Poultry 

All  other 


Total . 


II.      Food  and  Beverages: 

Meat,  fresh 

Poultry  and  game 

Meat,  preserved 

Margarine 

Milk 

Butter 

Cheese 

Caviar  

Fish  and  shell  fish 

Eggs 

Honey 

Cereals: 

Wheat 

Barley 

Oats 

Maite 

Other 

Rice 

Flour 

Other  cereal  products 

Malt •.•••. 

Macaroni  and  vermicelli 

Vegetables,  fresh 

Vegetables,  dried 

Vegetables,  other  kinds 

Potatoes 

Fruits 

Coffee 

Cocoa,  crude 

Cocoa,  prepared,  including  chocolate . 

Tea 

Su^ar 

Spices 

Oils,  vegetable 

Salt 

Other  articles  of  food 

Wines 

Beer 

Spirits  as  beverages. 

Waters,  spring  and  mineral 

Other  beverages 

III.    Materials,  raw  or  prepared : 

Skins,  raw.  preserved,  tanned 

Ivory 

Bones  and  horns 

Manure 

Hair  and  feathers 

Plants,  living 

Fodder 

Bran 

V^U^Call.6  .«...............•....■••• 

Hops ■ 

Seeds 

India-rubber 

Resin,  gum,  wax 

Tobacco 

Timber 

Charcoal 


Imports 


$23,883 

76,725 

226 

12,366 

40,008 

7,431 

3.714 


$164,362 


$978,152 

2,659 

957,915 

713,423 

172,903 

1,373,825 

15,895,129 

25.167 

35,248 

312 

31,631 

91 

109,461 

159,295 

28.700,460 

909.784 

'50,355* 

1,194.738 

388,673 

1.530,393 

4,376,346 

5.176 

2,996,709 

1,488,746 

99,286 

513,724 

1,252,030 

76,081,060 

2,452,106 

962,745 

'15,998,747' 

1,937.495 

1,428,462 

2.345,342 

210,094 

142,977 


$165,470,304 


431 


Exports 


$21,660 
1.089.130 

162.775 

18.644 

2.700.860 

835.701 

169,768 


$4,998,528 


$3,410,656 

160,041 

5.407.666 


1,414,876 

13.927.050 

28.620 

6,067,281 

60,234 

44,426 

165,168 

3.388,586 

146,270 

10,597.301 

186.020 

"  "2.'l98.46i 
1.220.099 

26.054.130 

3.227.071 

93,072 

4,120,914 


17.724,258 
1,251,471 
1,011,415 

51,684.649 
2,284.562 
4.256.406 

70.9  i9 
643.316 


$159,844,937 


$1,263,037 

$25,675,571 

237,430 

584,156 

1.084.940 

970.507 

325.295 

9,598.288 

58.219 

43.728 

14.618 

3.377.997 

3,518,762 

2.009.956 

201 

40.151.095 

29.820 

772.900 

7,116.706 

25.172 

2,270.657 

3.297.382 

7.388,694 

5.129.311 

14,716,164 

6.698.563 

137.089 

299.486 

Continued  on  page  432 


432 


EXPORTERS  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Table  Continu&i: 


. 


Articles 


Imports 


IV. 


Materials,  raw  or  prepared — Continued: 
Dye  woods  and  tanning  barks .  ' 

Wood  pulp 

Ore,  copper 

Ore,  iron [[] 

Ore,  lead 

Ore,  zinc !!!.!!!! 

Ore,  manganese 

Ore,  other  kinds 

Common  metals: 

Aluminum 

Copper ....'..'.'.'.'.'.' 

Tin 

Iron  and  steel 

Nickel ; 

Lead .....' 

Zinc [ 

Other  metal ........'.'..'. 

Precious  stones 

Marble  and  Alabaster. . '. '.  . 

Other  stones 

Oils,  mineral .!!..!.! 

Coal  and  coke 

Cement .... 

Sulphur 

Textiles: 

Wool 

Silk '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'." 

Cotton 

T.  

Jute 

Hemp  and  flax. ....    .' .....," 

Ramie . 


Other  materials . 


Total, 


Manufactured  Products* 

Starch  

??*P, ■.*■■.'.'.*. 

Candles 

Perfumes  and  cosmetics ...... 

Colors,  dyes  and  paints 

Chemical  products 

Medicines !!!!!!! 

Cigars  and  cigarettes.  .  ... 

Furs,  dressed 

leather  and  prepared  skins! '. 

Shoes,  leather 

Gloves,  leather 

Leather,  other  manufactures! ! 

Thread,  wool 

Thread,  silk !!!!!!!!!!! 

Thread,  cotton ! ! ! 

Thread,  hemp,  flax,  etc .  . 

Cordage 

riece  goods,  wool 

Piece  goods,  silk ! '  ' " 

Piece  goods,  cotton ! ! ' 

Fabrics  of  hemp,  flax,  etc. . ! ! ! 
Embroideries,  lace,  etc, .  . 

Hosiery 

Hats ....'.■.■.■.■.■.■■ 

Linen  drapery 

Dresses,  women's 

Clothes,  men's 

Ready-made  clothing ! ! 

India  rubber  goods ! ! ! ! 

Furniture,  w(Md 

Woodware 

Paper  hangings 

Paper,  other !!!!!!!! 

Books  and  music 

Other  products  of  graphic  arts . 
Tiles,  bricks,  pipes,  etc 


$388,456 

284,654 

2,886 

72,213 

398 

127,302 

35,452 

86,819 

15,555 

6,348,067 

2,367,262 

861,725 

92,980 

1,097,132 

79,773 

2,693.897 

356,401 

184,624 

8,143 

40,505,310 

16,529,042 

1.252.540 

153,720 


315,447 
7.976,913 

313.295 


9,970,745 


$124,433,472 


$32,529 

3.908,095 

1,345.3.39 

1,416.723 

6,557.139 

1,632.997 

6,703.6.57 

31.532.626 

1.227.183 

12.320,220 

3,666,181 

6,070 

970.255 

1,101,820 


74.524,162 

846!698  ■ 

6.370.268 

3.4.33.506 

126.224.6<i() 

3.184,008 

842.395 
2.469.119 


6,812,838 

996,452 

1.461.214 

266,770 

9,'36'2,i74" 
519,733 
99,299 
666,236 


Exports 


$1,713,090 

61,939 

4,152 


9,430,525 


,1050,397 
13,871,424 
21,081,182 


15.423 

35,011 

8,229,385 

42 

416.254 

111.339 

11,708,843 
531.630 


15,420.801 

110,419,546 

48,014,772 

579.397 

2,290,391 

4.647,676 

12,520,744 


$366,593,257 


$59,889 

532,787 

71,729 

2,357,568 


4,757,045 
2,747,413 
4,774,487 
1,432,146 
79,754 


256,340 


193.564 

1,260,626 

205,918 

293,248 


23,828.171 
5.657.350 
2.413.923 
1,809,071 

148,668 
1,774,876 


205,603 
703,392 

3,827.866 
409,536 


534,910 
Continued  to  page  433 


CHINA 


Table  Continued: 


Articles 


Manufactured  Products — Continued : 

Earthenware  and  chinaware I 

Pottery -I 

Looking  glasses 

Glass  window i 

Glass  hollow  ware \ 

Other  glassware 1 

Iron  and  steel  bars,  etc 

Iron  and  steel,  other  manufactures 

Manufactures  of  aluminum 

Manufactures  of  tin 

Manufactures  of  lead 

Manufactures  of  tine 

Jewelry,  goldware  and  silverware 

Jewelry,  other  kinds 


Machinery: 

Locomotives  and  tenders 

Road  engines 

Electrical  machines  and  apparatus 

Prop>elling  machinery 

Machine  tools 

Machines,  bleaching,  printing,  etc 

Machines,  hand  and  treadle.  . 

Machines,  sugar  making,  distilling,  etc 

Machines,  agricultural 

Machines,  other 

Tools 

Vehicles: 

Carriages  and  wagons  for  railways 

Motor  cars 

Motor  cycles 

Velocipedes 

Other  vehicles 

Ships  and  boats 

Musical  instruments 

Scientific  instruments  and  apparatus 

Clocks  and  watches 

Arms  and  ammunition. 

Gunpowder  and  explosives,  etc 

I^atches • 

All  other  manufactured  products 

Objects  of  art,  etc 


Total, 


Gold  and  silver,  unwrought,  and  gold  and  silver  coins: 

Gold,  unwrought 

Silver,  unwrought 

Gold  coins 

Silver  coins 


Total 

Grand  total . 


Imports  by  principal  classes  for  1918: 


Articles 


Cotton  goods 

Wool  and  cotton  unions — 

Piece  goods 

Metals  and  minerals 

Sundries  and  other  articles . 


Total. 


Imports 


$1,586,220 

575,062 
1,904,613 

1,131,587 

13,836,644 

27.433,673 

50,340 

515,804 

263,025 

195.320 

52.555 

29,854 

922,854 

512 

6,068,527 

954,410 

439,876 
2,279,197 

392,147 
24,383 

211,057 
6,324,402 

957,962 

2.535,117 

1,685,204 

46,202 

163.558 

476,137 

37,380 

345,342 

430,529 

1,119,552 

17.853,672 

348,463 

5,906,001 

31.577,302 


$167,757,292 


$515,283 
28.612,760 

1,032,427 
17,003,768 


$47,064,238 


$774,875,631 


433 


EzPOBTB 


$2,723,376 


311.693 

356.426 
1.107.629 


186,629 

■   •       •  •  •  • 

603.439 


887 


227,117 


3.636 
2(5.970 


11.308 


17,264.933 
168.869 


$83,307,021 


$2,862,742 

6,876,389 

22.148 

9,036.631 


$18,787,810 


$631,021,429 


Amounts 


$190,934,742 

4,033.674 

6.346,918 

47,422.769 

447,302,667 


$696,040,650 


1 


i 


m  EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Exports  by  principal  articles  for  1918: 


Articles 


Cotton  goods 

Iron  pig  and  unmanuf  aotured 

g^-^^*^^ ::::::::::::::: 

Beau  cake;:::::::::::::::::::::::::::;::::::;: 

BriSieB.::::::::::::: 

J^eat*'"'*  ^^*i*°y  (Sorghum):: ; : : : : : 
Ricraiid  Paddy.;:::: :::::: :::::;;: 

^unaware  (not  pottery  and  earthenware) . 
Cigarettes 

Clothing,  Chinese,  and  boots  and  shoes 

Coal 

Cotton  (raw) ::::;; 

Eggs  (albumen  and  yolk)....:::: 

Eggs,  fresh  and  preserved 

Hemp 

Rame :::::::::: 

Kre  crackers  and  fireworks. ...::::;: 

Firewood 

S^'^^^* :•::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 

Leather::: ::::::::::::::::::;; 

Meats,  fresh  or  frosen  '(beef.'muVtoii:  pork, '^'o'.).'! 

Silk,  raw,  white,  not  re-ieeled'and  not  st^m' fiiatuie" 

Silk  raw,  white  re-reeled 

Silk  raw,  white  steam  filature. . . : 

Silk  piece  goods. .  

Silk  pongees 

Buffalo  and  cow  hides  (undW>iiedV. 

Goat  (untanned) ^ 

Straw,  braid ;;;:;; 

Tea,  black 

Tea,  green 

T-ii  :   •  •,' 

Tallow,  animal 

Tallow,  vegetable 

Tobacco  leaf  and  stalk. ...        

Tobacco  prepared 

Wool,  sheep 

Other  articles :.::::::::  i :' ' 


ToUl. 


Principal  imports  by  commodities  for  three  years: 


Articles 


1915 


Horses 

^*^"® 

Sheep 

^*^^ 

Figs 

Poultry. ..:::::::::::::;;; 

Other  living  4inimab  (including  muieV  and  ass^ '  but "  not 

including  Imng  fish  and  Crustacea) 
Food  and  Beverages : 

Fats,  edible:  

Margarine  and  artificial  butter 
Milk 


Butter ; ; ; 

Cheese :::::::: 

Caviare ; ; ; ; 

Fish,  Crustacea,  and  shell-fish . 
Eggs  of  poultry  and  game .  . . 
Honey 


$13,894 

113,964 

1.041 

501 

115,363 

12.357 

3,307 


220,684 

8.910 

454,183 

325,658 

55,606 

15,127 

9,254.171 

20,202 

12,396 


Amounts 


Value 


1916 


$12,086 

60.228 

450 

6.451 

87,264 

7,659 

3,773 


304,213 

26,659 

706,306 

403,278 

77.514 

7,945 

10,929,881 

33,108 

37,119 


$6,785,653 
21.081.182 
13,871,424 
2,700,860 
37,652.364 
2.009.955 
8,419,854 
3,018.658 
6,067,281 
146,270 
1.868,099 
2.739.460 
1,774,876 
10,265.088 
47.738.044 
11.727,106 
1,960,216 
2,290,391 
4.463.701 
2.768,398 
1,450,060 
10,597.301 
2.323.494 
1.432,146 
3,410.656 
81,476,373 
2,603,621 
11,414.397 
60.190.184 
16,079,879 
7.748^1 
16,973,061 
7.270,184 
6,251,250 
7.221.420 
8,875,418 
2,465,561 
2,676.074 
2,767.521 
2.361.789 
12.948.732 
293,279.001 


$699,165,283 


1917 


$25,766 

131.529 

20 

2.358 

93.546 

8,571 

3,023 


218.227 

8.394 

1.171,042 

426.471 

49.506 

7.692 

14.605,004 

75,657 

37,709 


Continued  on  page  435 


CHINA 


Table  Contimted: 


Description  of  Goods 


Value 


1915 


1916 


Cereals: 

Wheat 

jlye 

Barley 

Oats 

Maise ; 

Other  idndis  (including  spelt  and  maalin) 

Rice 

Flour  of  cereals 

Other  products  of  the  flour  mill: 

Malt •  •  • 

Macaroni  and  vermicelli 

Vegetables,  fresh 

Vegetables,  dried  (beans,  peas,  etc.) 

Vegetables,  dried  other  kinds 

Potatoes 

Fruits  (including  dried  fruits) 

Coffee  (including  roasted  coffee) 

Cocoa,  crude ; "  "  ; ' "  \ 

Cocoa,  prepared  (including  chocolate) 

Tea 

Sugar,  crude  and  refined 

Spices 

Oils,  vegetable .• ;  • ; 

Other  articles  of  food  (including  especially  preserved  vege- 
table products)  ® 

Wines 

Bo^f  •' 

Spirits  as  beverages  (spirits  of  wine,  brandy,  liqueurs,  etc.) 
Waters,  spring  and  mineral,  natural  or  artificial,  gaseous  or 

otherwise         •••..••••••••••"•••*'•*•"■' 

Other  beverages  (juice  of  citrus  and  oranges,  lemonade,  etc.) 
Materials,  raw  or  prepared:           ,        ^  ,           j        a 
Skins,  raw.  preserved,  or  tanned,  and  furs  undressea 

Ivory 

Bones  and  horns ._ • 

Manure  (including  chemical  manure) 

Hair  and  feathers 

Plants,  living,  and  natural  flowers 

Fodder  (including  beetroot  for  fodder) 

Bran 

Oil-cake 

Hops 

Beetroot,  Sugar 

Seeds 

India-rubber 

Resin,  gum,  and  vegetable  wax 

Tobacco j"  •."  "ii  ■  \ 

Timber  of  all  kinds  (including  sawed  timber) 

Charcoal •  •  •  • ;  •  ■. 

Dye-wood,  tanning  bark,  and  other  coloring  and  tanning 

materials 

Wood  Pulp 

Ore,  Copper 

"     Iron 

"     Lead 

"     Zinc 

"     Manganese 

••     Other  kinds 

Common  Metals: 

Aluminum 

Copper 

Tin 

Iron  and  steel 

Nickel 

Lead 

Zinc 

Other  metals l\i"r'\'A 

Precious  stones,  crude  or  out,   but  not   mounted   (inciua- 

ing  coral  and  fine  pearls) 

Marble  and  alabsister 

Other  stones 


$454,183 

8,094 

30,911 

8,688 

67,686 

96,817 

15,712,160 

518,957 

34,326 

718,233 

283,405 

2,061,728 

575,840 

7,687 

876,799 

57,024 

2,194 

41,254 

3,250,682 

18,858,239 

1,089,290 

606,128 

7,550,367 
638,852 
461,359 
902,185 

134,641 
45,790 

306,084 

40.402 

200,455 

495,546 

130,165 

19,307 

12,513 

1,853,052 

530 

10,989 


$103,494 

6.444 

25.391 

17.813 

116,546 

135,522 

26,693,353 

931,673 

10,035 
722,924 
255,835 
1,009,074 
766,183 
4,961 
1,530,275 
204,143 
12,575 
82,221 
6,853,336 
29,009,100 
1,682,259 
1,717,012 

10,452,323 

999,012 

653.617 

1,045,051 

152,003 
90,853 

510,076 

97,854 

523,845 

470,855 

235.617 

34,312 

5,986 

2,662,706 

75 

2.858 


404.488 

16.288 

126,654 

946,503 

5,443,151 

70,650 

277,414 
91,469 

8,869' 
9 

126' 

10,267 

3,696 

744,254 

1,274,537 

131,521 

68,746 

664,137 

5,833 

606,999 

243,258 
93,696 
21,603 


568,191 

18,689 

2,074,518 

2,623,157 

11,000.686 

161,340 

470,008 
1,064,788 

■  ■  ■ '  '67,481 
643 

335 
53,527 

1,952 

1,060,152 

2,069,588 

434,054 

146,196 

1,085,531 

21,152 

1,480,712 

378,544 

125,524 

22,116 


435 


1917 


$82,330 

'  "113,467 

1,245 

181,993 

141,894 

30.471.621 

2,925,909 

46,407 

931,529 

370,335 

2,580,583 

2,485,872 

6,769 

2,242,097 

3,274,296 

32,746 

122.984 

4,985.081 

46,715,472 

2,514,788 

1,200,997 

13,940,948 

1,223,950 

968,171 

1,325,181 

178,065 
86.601 

696,380 

171,412 

567,419 

802,672 

267,341 

44,571 

14,111 

2,920,576 

27 

14.551 


672,803 

25,467 

3,285,412 

3,862.413 

9,734,948 

104,839 

317,482 

458.862 

3 

85.437 

39 

1,788 

1.121 

46,056 

6,439 

1,918,903 

2,678,850 

456,483 

61,103 

1,011.056 

19,202 

1,972,387 

298,820 

182,990 

20,645 


Continued  on  page  436 


436 


1 1 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Table  Conliniied: 


Common  Metals— Continued : 
Oila,  mineral,  and  their  derivative* 

Coal  and  coke 

Lime.  

Cement ! !  i  i:::  i! ! ! ! !  ] 

Sabhur 

Textiles:  

S" 

X"*' 

9o**on 

Jute 

■CT  \     J^ 

Hemp  and  flax 

Ramie  and  other  textile  fibres. ! 

Other  materials 

Manufactured  products: 

Starch 

Q-^^  

°P*P, 

Candies  of  all  kinds .' 

Perfumes  and  cosmetics. , , 

Colors,  dyes,  and  paints. . 

Zef  P"^"'^^  (including  "idiihoi  not"  u^ 

•«»  J.  .  ' 

Medicines 

Cigars  and  cigarettes. 


as  a  bevei^ 


Furs   dressed  and  finished .... 

Leather  and  prepared  skins      

Shoes  and  boots,  leather. . .    

Gloves,  leather '['  ] 

Leather,  other  manufactures 

Thread,  Woollen.  

"    Silk ;::: 

••       Cotton 

;*    Jute 

Cprdage.^®"!^'.  ^*'''  ^*"'*'  """^  *®^®  *'^'*«" ' " ' 

Kece  Goods,  wooilen  ©! 

gece  goods,  silk,  natural  or  artificial'. '. 

Piece  goods,  cotton 

Fabric  of  jute 

Hats,  trimm^,' for  ladies! .'.'.' 

all  other  kinds 

Linen  drapery \] 

Dresses,  women's.  ...."'.*. 

Clothes,  men's 

Other  ready-made  articl^  of  clothing  ' .' .' 

India-rubber  goods  of  all  kinds  ' 

I'umiture,  wood 

Woodware,  other  kinds. .,'. 

Paper,  hangings 

Paper  other  kinds  including  ckitibokid 

^aperware  and  and  cardboardware       

Books  and  music,  engraved  or  printed 

Other  products  of  the  graphic  arts        

Ti£«  Krl^"'^'^'^'  ^l^"*"'  '^^"'ent;  and  stone.' 

o?por?e^in^"'';;''.^:.*°^  ^'^'  °'^*^  '^"  eart'henwar; 

Earthenware  and  chinaware 

i'otteryware,  other  kinds         

ix)okmg-glasse8 

ulass,  window 

Glass,  hollow-ware. 

Other  glassware 

Iron  and  steel  bars,  rods,  'plktes.'et'c 
iron  and  steel,  other  manufactures.. 
Manufactures  of  Aluminium 


•18,683,179 
6,262,605 

433,856' 
43.412 


3.903 
4.366.834 

145,622' 

4,9i9b',i95' 

9.878 

1,461.691 

292,661 

233,267 

4.341,379 

707,875 
2,748,523 
7,919,429 


184,973 
3.463,316 
193,676 
3,992 
368,219 
369,023 

"42,614.761  ■ 


242,234 

1.306,054 

1.040.007 

61,381,793 

i,b2i3,549 
161,988 
587,432 


2.416.669 


238,893 
282,188 
115,558 

3;962,'9  74' 


17.127,518 
7.354,039 

769,736 
83.828 


169.257 
6,680,291 

2i34.276' 

6,'243.786 

19.061 

2.059.861 

296.847 

716.016 

3,361,811 

1.565,609 

4,226,418 

21,299,252 


289,339 
28,626 


110,544 
486,538 

144,655 
502,381 
488,222 

2.959.453 

6.255.237 

5.813 

103.376 

207.534 


403.341 
6.299,730 
276.620 
10,170 
672.097 
623,871 

56,'760,222' 


416,646 

2,050.838 

1,420,013 

59,449,278 

"i,'7'96.498' 
240,293 
1,696,553 


3.715,283 


351,655 
870,843 
335,132 

'7,'64'7'.2C6' 


•36,706.263 
16.006.662 

830,588 
94,936 


384,820 
6.916,430 

"  29'5.276 

6.4'64',558 

19.356 

3,834.683 

888.302 

1,052.188 

4.773,489 

1,965.64.3 

6.115.327 

33,023,342 


416.978 
63,564 


559,709 

11.154,252 

2,770.878 

9,616 

649,674 

1,644,207 

76,601.335 


576,131 

6.012,407 

2,429,634 

99,935.502 

'  '2,071,479 

569,353 

3,149,742 


5.234.851 


75,153 

1,234,777 

299,139 

'6,'64'3',248 


545,878 
94,614 


126,023 
767.723 

252.500 

1,341,894 

761,481 

5,222,024 

11,514,854 

29.626 


345,979 


70,727 
1.360.682 

468,648 
1.646.616 
1.183.296 

7,809!364 

14.887.741 

44.521 


366,923 


Continued  on  page  437 


CHINA 


437 


Table  Continued: 


Articles 


Value 


1915 


1916 


1917 


Manufactured  Products — Continued : 

Manufactures  of  Nickel 

Ijead •••••..•••.•-•••••••••••■**'**"'' 

••  Zinc ■.',••*■.' 

Jewelry,  goldware   and  silverware,  and  similar    articles  in 

precious  metals ;••.••,•. ;;••:,• •*  "i "  i 

Jewellery,  other  kinds  (including  gold,  silver,  or     mckel 

Elated) 
_      inery: 

Locomotive  ana  tenders 

Road  engines 

Electrical  machines  and  apparatus ; .....;... 

Propelling  machinery  (other  than  locomotives,  road  engmes. 
and  electrical  machines),  boilers,  turbines,  pumps,  etc. . . 

Machines  tools .•••.•••  ■  •  •  •  •  • -. : ':-"  V  '  "a  '' 

Machines,  weaving,  tnmming,  bleaching,  printing;  for  dye- 
ing cloth,  ribbons,  ets.;  for  combing,  carding,  dressing 
Bpmning;  looms  and  other  machinery  used  in  the  textile 

industry •  •  • .• iL *  ••'j  • : j 

Machines   (hand  or  treadle);  sewing,   embroidering,   and 

knitting .•••;.•:•••  • ;.'  :.•„•. ;...•• 

Machines:  sugar-makmg  and  refining,  distilling,  vmegar- 

making,  brewing  and  malting 

Machines,  agricultural 

"         other  kinds,  and  parts  of 

Tools 

Vehicles:                            ,         .,                ,  . 
Carriages  and  wagons  for  railways  and  tramways 

Motor-cars •  •,  •  • 

Motor-cycles  and  similar  vehicles 

Velocipedes 

Other  vehicles 

Ships  and  boats 

Musical  instruments 

Scientific  instruments  and  apparaitus 

Clocks  and  watches,  and  parts  of 

Arms  and  munitions 

Gunpowder  and  other  explosives 

Matches • •  • 

All  othe  manufactured  products  (•) 

Objects  of  art  and  for  collections 

Gold,  unwrought 

Silver  unwrought 

Gold  coins 

Silver  coins 


$231 

54,726 
65.804 

199.000 


1,268.330 

2.166 

1,562,820 

437.703 
46,142 


939.673 

189.876 

15.369 

34,503 

1,376.798 

152.236 

390,619 

295.033 

11,084 

67,833 

292.246 

106,106 

216,351 

369,201 

361,051 

151,248 

185,999 

3.275,825 

31,175,995 


29.440 

7,169.758 

478.232 

5,676.095 


$163,916 
246.268 

264.661 


11.348,396 

5,031 

2,315,966 

478,866 
77,244 


1,696.107 

249,831 

9.098 

164.286 

2.750,522 

212,375 

628,580 

568.615 

28,345 

86,330 

496.594 

18.096 

251,654 

251.047 

389,391 

344,657 

177,111 

5,619,186 

25.634,242 


6,673,817 

9,907,545 

9,049,644 

18,792,226 


$308,467 
201,537 

36.724 

190,477 

3,926.695 

17,324 

5.195.813 

523,505 
214.645 


1,312,560 

459,816 

89,941 

114,298 

4,061,229 

467,040 

1,266,028 

966,481 

29.047 

144,745 

752,684 

28.453 

282,582 

402.522 

691.065 

259.251 

223.017 

5.959.463 

33.479.015 


732,367 
16.683,904 
13.555,564 
11,648.605 


Note:     (J)  And  dried  vegetables. 

S  fnXdinrGinseng  (in  1915,  valued  at  $2,389,485;  in  1916,  valued  at  $843,108;  in  1917,  valued 
$5.938.559)rand^S^a^Vnd  AgwWr  (in  1915  valu^  at  $1,096,179;  in  1916.  valued  at  $1,433,433;  in   1917 

''*^"®  IndS  wS)l  and  cotton  union  (in  1916,  valued  at  $532,505;  in  1916.  valued  at  $692,337;  in  1917. 

'''^"®  iL'uS^'lifk'and  cotton  ribbons  (in  1915,  $34,284;  in  1916,  $59,291;  in  1917  $71,348) 

S  iSr hidinl  oDium  (in  1915.  valued  at  $15,899,170;  in  1916.  valued  at  $8,302,106;  in  1917.  valued  at 
$6.477.8&)  and^TstTpwcels  (in  1915?  valued  at  $885,797;  in  1916.  valued  at  $1,671,858;  in  1917,  valued  at 
$3,004,276).' 


Value  of  total  foreign  trade  for  five  years: 


Year 


Gross  Imports 


Re-exports 


Net  Imports 


Exports 


1913 
1914 
1915 
1916 
1917 
1918 


$427,992,014 
391,420,032 
295,779,683 
422.861,056 
456,131.257 


$11,773,248 
10,028,306 
14,004,737 
14,900,530 
22,011,426 


$416,218,666 
381.391,725 
281,774,946 
407,960,526 
434.119.831 
696.040,650 


$294,413,048 
238.671.841 
259,693,921 
380,619,919 
476,819,578 
699.165.283 


438 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Value  of  imports  from  principal  countries  of  origin: 


Countries 


Hong  Kong 

Macao !!!!!! 

French  Indo  China.  ..!!!!!! 

Siam 

Singapore,  Straits,  etc 

Dutch  East  Indies 

British  India \ 

Turkey^  Persia,  Egy]^t.Aden.  etc*  V.'.'.V.V... 

Great  Bntain 

Norway 

O  J       •' 

S^«d«°v 

?f  °°^"k 

Oermany 

Netherlands 

Belgium '.v.'.'.'.'.'...". 

France 

irr^SgSr'^^'''"^' ■  ■•■••••■••••■--: 

.     "f  .    vv 

Austna-Hungary 

Russia,  European  ports .*.".*.'.* 

Russia.  Siberia  by  land  frontier..." 
Russia,  Annex  porta.  . 

Korea _ ." ; ; 

Japan  (incl  Formosa) ..'.'. '.  [  [  [  [ '.  [  [  [ ',  [      [  [  [  ] 
rhUippine  Islands .... 

Canada 

United  States  (incl.  Hawaii) .  .'    .'.".'.'.'.* 

Mexico  and  Central  America  (incl.  Panama) " 

South  America. ... 

Australia.  New  Zealand,"  etc".'. '. '.  [ ." ." ." ; .' ; ; ; ;  ; 

t>outh  Africa  (incl.  Mauritius) 

Direct  Gross  Imix>rt8 

Re-exported  Abroad ] .  *  * ' ."  *  .*.[.." 

Total  net  import 


1915 


1916 


$92,030,437 
3,252.913 
2.014.853 
313.932 
3.336.459 
4.170.571 
25.266.981 
191.978 
44.366.415 
364.450 
574,470 
146,461 
99,483 
322,003 
2,148,118 
1.506.971 
502 
177 
9,929 
256,792 
45,517 
18,187 
4,209,982 
281.098 
3,996.623 
74,554,698 
2,259,579 
549,483 
22.966,938 
82 
3 
475,976 
9 


1917 


»121, 144,622 

4.057,632 

2,831.953 

412,653 

3.636.247 

4,203,054 

25.869.324 

69.686 

55.576,892 

933.475 

1.254.523 

100,879 

19,354 

182,010 

6,086 

2.241,928 

4.263 


$295,779,683 
14,004.737 

$281.774.946 


380 

284,349 

18,760 

44,789 

5,320,796 

248,458 

6,718,652 

126,787,668 

1.811,371 

1,475,953 

42.520.801 

29 

3 

367.959 

96 


$168,360,562 

4,793.714 

2,535,835 

570,527 

7,084,125 

4,651,110 

27,798.859 

134.638 

53.548.859 

254.965 

350.316 

69.446 

34.633 

7.824 

2.378.434 

2.193 


$422,861,056 
14,800,530 


681 

482,038 

1,066 

36,749 

3,021,520 

158,818 

12,198.296 

228,316,897 

1.757.879 

9.367.177 

62.789,600 

39.848 

11 

602,761 

12.512 


Value  of  exports  to  principal  countries  of  destination: 


$407.960.526 


$456,131,257 
22.011,426 


$434.119.831 


Hong  Kong 

Macao 

French  Indo-China. . ." .' 

Siam 

nJIP^'^^^^rt**'' **" -^  ■•••••••  ^ 

Dutch  East  Indies 

British  India 

Turkey^  Persia,  Egypt,  Acten.'rto .".'.' .' 

u reat  Bntam 

Norway 

O  J       ' 

Sweden 

Denmark 

Germany y/, 

Netherlands 

Belgium..  

x*  ranee 

Spain  (including  Gibraltar)  .....*.'.*.*.".' 

Portugal 

Switzerland 

Italy 

A   .         "1       ■  -WW  

Austna-Hungary 

Russia,  European  ports. 

Russia  and  Siberia  by  land  frontier 

Russia,  Annex  ports [[[ 

Russia.  Pacific  ports....  

Korea 

Japan  (including  Formosa) '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.['.['.'.[['.[[][ 

Philippine  Islands 

Canada ..'.'.'.'.['.'.'.[['.[l". 

United  States  (including  Hawaii) .. 

Mexico  and  Central  America  (including  Paiiamai 

South  Amenca 

Australia.  New  Zealand,  etc. . ..." ." 

South  Africa  (including  Mauritius) 

Total 


$64,585,361 

3.068.718 

1.100.128 

1.931.073 

5.513.684 

1.696,191 

4,924,451 

1.704,531 

19,799.466 

2.796 

137,439 

1.003,198 

52 

1.336.558 

i8.a9i.826' 
69.247 
676 
231 
S.791.218 
19 
2.821,544 
3.872.624 
3.876.730 
26.256,262 
3,508,358 
48,159,626 
488,377 
908,440 
37,659,139 
641 
28,133 
639,115 
28,056 


$94,393,663 

2,920,291 

1.140,625 

2,397,636 

6,595,600 

1,844,421 

6,206,099 

1,706,652 

24.485,661 

7.083 

1.144.944 

1.706.676 

253 

873,738 

*2i,'536'.947* 
11.026 
242 
1.169 
4.981.722 
69 
3.335.867 
16.151.402 
2.994,281 
29,374.670 
6,215,193 
89,208,683 
849.279 
1.216.938 
55.363.766 
749 
68.364 
1,275.763 
40,639 


$122,408,234 

3.902.180 

1,670,643 

2,437.061 

6,975,097 

1,765.191 

7.158,898 

1,394,107 

26,872,451 

10,117 

1,730 

1,729.186 

51 

27,146 

'26,302,  iei 

19,857 

3,805 
4.022,998 

"  4'w',i47 

13,841,525 

7,298,327 

29,611,013 

8.774.502 

108,947,033 

1,609,153 

2,767,117 

97,629,815 

5,333 

6,789 

1,058,191 

43,147 


$476,819,578 


CHINA 


Value  of  principal  exports  for  three  years: 


Description  of  Goods 


Liring  Aninula: 

Horses 

Cattle 

Sheep 

Goats 

Pigs 

Poultry •  • 

Other  living  animals 

Food  and  Beverages: 
Meat,  fresh •  •  •  •  • 

K;:='p"^'4d"ir^jL,rV«i-  (tactadiogUrd  -itid-  pr-rv^l 

poultry  and  game)  ••••••• 

Fish,  Crustacea,  and  shell-nsh 

Eggs  of  poultry  and  game 

Honey 

Cereals: 

Wheat 

Rye 

Barley 

Oats 

Other  kinds  (including  fl)elt  and  maslin) 


Rice. 


Flour  of  cereals.  ..•••• •  •• ' 

Other  products  of  the  flour  mill. . 

Vegetables,  fresh  ® • 

Vegetables,  dried  (beans,  peas,  eUs.) . 

Vegetables,  dried  (other  kmds)  ®.. . 

Potatoes 

Fruits  (including  dried  fruits) 

Tea 


Sugar,  crude  and  refined. 
Spices . 


Oils,  vegetables 

Qj-Ja  , 

Other  articles 'of  'food  ("iiiciudi'ng  especially  preserved  vegetable 

products)  ® 

Wines 

Q^a  

Spirits  as  beverages  (sisirits  of  wine,  brandy,  liquors,  etc.) 

Materials,  Raw  or  Prepared: 

Skins,  raw,  preserved,  or  tanned 

Ivory 

Bones  and  horns 

Hair  and  feathers •  • 

Plants,  living,  and  natural  flowers. 

Fodder  (including  beetroot  for  fodder) 

Bran 

Oil-cake 

Seeds 

India-rubber. . ., 

Resin,  gum,  and  vegetable  wax 

Tobacco J  •  •■  ■  L"  ■  < 

Timber  of  all  kinds  (including  sawed  timber) 

Charcoal -• ' 

Ore,  iron 

Ore,  lead 

Ore,  sine 

Ore,  other  kinds 

Common  Metals: 

Aluminum 

Copper 

Tin 

Iron  and  steel 

Nickel 

Lead 


1916 


$42,665 

1,158,936 

87,217 

9,958 

1,561.104 

491.340 

48,019 

1,208,329 
285,552 

1,147,395 

1,090.711 

5,224.297 

8.006 

2.158,184 

"*59,383 

93,800 

616,748 

1,427,215 

45,603 

432,160 

92,637 

1,714,655 

13.175,956 

1,464,782 

95,466 

1,973,745 

34,448,761 

752.763 

774.555 

99.686,597 

665,175 

2.144,832 

'  "  '  12,696" 
304,013 

13,287,202 

*" '419,645 

3,622,996 

25,985 

171,852 

622,920 

13,804,096 

10,074,621 


1,441,681 

1,942,735 

2,304,505 

114,620 

431,729 

1,691 

79.048 

102,990 


503,681 
5.733,023 
1,539,130 

"'40,643 


Value 


1916 


$14,144 
1,297,134 

124,495 

19,156 

1,869,138 

658,673 

173.563 

2,038,680 
262,052 

2,188,372 

1,405,998 

9,741,866 

23,715 

1,756,276 

21,032 

20,998 

37,480 

509,130 

63,312 

901.948 

164.879 

1.700.640 

14,683,084 

2,245,394 

111.444 

3,160,643 

34,412,729 

814,941 

831,681 

20,048,385 

952,951 

2,803,757 

4,753" 

383,842 

19,049,723 

"'"606,253 

5,621,922 

40,495 

216,877 

793,721 

21,602,810 

9,719,366 


2,999,289 

2,405,369 

3,036,777 

152,474 

722,932 

404,068 

13,373 

1,176,216 


7,162,677 
6,817,829 
4,088,229 

'266,  i38 


439 


1917 


$31,544 

1,156,360 

161,595 

18.726 

2.401,575 

744,842 

6,624 

3,073,606 
592,131 

4,815,261 

1.829,761 

14,747.612 

43.366 

3.375.109 

■  "  "  "36.969 

62.196 

72.815 

2.252.104 

134.173 

2.361,153 

148.070 

1.934.835 

21,270,462 

2,302,044 

96,251 

3,927,615 

29,980,917 

1,285,574 

1,036,701 

30,613,383 

1,057,107 

3,339,653 

61,967 
501,959 

27,818,536 

"  "  921,929 

7,641,888 

53,616 

324.385 

443.572 

26,131,022 

5,918,979 

'2,"366'.749 

3,673,423 

4,239,064 

219.339 

1,049.033 

797,898 

7,339 

1,432,159 


10,245,158 

12,571,023 

5,447,449 

169,343 


Note:  d)  And  dried  vegetables.  (1)  Includmg  ground  nuts  (in  1915  valued  *'  !^'318.2|2^  ^81-^1916  it 
$2  066  425-  in  1917  $2  072^224).  (i)  Including  dried  lily  flowers  (jn  1915.  valued  at  »-J/ 0,^8 i.iyio,« 
$35?009?i9T7.  ar$32S,678rani  essential  oils  (in  1915,  $594,894;  m  1916,  at  ^^'^^l^J;^,'J',^J^^\'^ 


440 


EXPORTERS  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


CHINA 


441 


Table  Continued: 


Description  of  Goods 


Value 


1915 


1916 


Common  Metals — Continued: 
Zinc .... 

Other metab.;:: ::::::::::: :::::•; 

^^a^d  &i?^°S8^™*^®  °'  °"*'  **"*  °**^  mounted  (including  oorai 

Marble  andalaba^ter'.;  '.'.\V^V.\\'.V/.\\'.\\',\'.'.\ 
LHner  stones 

Coal  and  coke...        

n^^— *    ^  •»« 

^°»e°* 

Textiles: 

Wool 

Silk 

po*ton y.y^v^'.\'.'.\'.'.\'.v.:.'.\ 

J"*«      •     -vi. 

Hemp  and  flax 

Ranue  and  other  textile  fibres .  .  .  .......'." 

Other  materials ..*!.*!..'! 

Manufactured  Products: 

Soap 

Candles  of  all  kinds .  .  ..................'..[', 

Perfumeries  and  cosmetics ..*.".....'.. 

Colors,  dyes  and  paints ..!!.!! 

Medicines ,'..'..*.* 

Cigars  and  cigarettes. 

Furs,  dressed  and  finished 

Leather  and  prepared  skins '....'. 

Shoes  and  boots,  leather 

Leather,  other  manufactures. .   ' 

Thread,  silk 11. .'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 

Thread,  cotton .'.'.!.'.*.'.'.!.".'!! 

Thread,  hemp,  flax,  ramie,  and  other  textile  fibres  . 

Cordage 

Piece  goods,  silk  or  artificial. 

Piece  goods,  cotton 

Fabrics  of  hemp,  flax,  ramie,  and  other  teitile 'fibres 

^mbroidenes,  lace,  and  trinunings 

Hats,  trimmed,  for  ladies .    .  

Hats,  all  other  kinds. .....:::::::: 

Linen  drapery '..'.'. 

Dresses,  women's !!!!!!!!'.! 

Clothes,  men's !!!.'.*.'.*....'..* 

Other  ready-made  articles  of  oiothing. 

Furniture,  wood 

Woodware,  other  kinds 

Paper,  hangings ^. ! .  i ! ! . .' .' ." ." ! .' ! ! .' .' .' i 

Paper,  other  kinds,  including  cardboard 

Books  and  music,  engraved  or  printed 

(Snaware'  ^°®'"**^®^'  *°*^  P*P««'  ^^^^^  ^^^  earthenware  and 

Potteryware,  other  kinds 

Glassware,  other  than  window  and  holiowwaie 

iron  and  steel  bars,  rods,  plates,  etc 

Iron  and  steel,  other  manufactures. . . 

Manufactures,  tin 

Jewelry,  goldware  and  silverware*  and"  similar  articles 


S273.504 
4.382,863 

11 

86,349 

30,881 

3,809,559 

283,383 

7,685,810 
48,612,635 

8,705,593 
299,042 
527,509 

1,475,188 

4,419,952 

12,880 

11.292 

46,932 

817.212 

2,363.543 

120,149 

1.980,128 

480,698 

66,825 

105,278 

163,662 

126,475 

203,324 

151.175 

13.366.005 

1.832,746 

817,569 

524,519 

"'"76",i63 

530.649 


63,291 
163.716 


metals  onverware,  ana  similar  articles  in  precious 

Machinery: 

Machines,  agricultural 

Machines,  other  kinds,  and  parts  of.  .  . . . . . ...!..... 

Vehicles : 

Ships  and  boats 

Other  vehicles .'!!!!!!!!!!!!! 

Arms  and  munitions !.!.'!!!.!!!!! 

All  other  manufactured  products  0. 

Objects  of  art  and  for  collections 

Gold,  un wrought ' " " 

Silver,  unwrought ..•....•.*..*..*.'....'.".' 

Gold  coins !!!!!.*.*.' 

Silver  coins ' 


2,641,852 
250,958 

200.721 

1,572,593 

284,322 

8,579 

197,246 

86.548 

105.279 


$193,454 
14.359.594 

5,332 

98,920 

60,270 

4,609,775 

146,729 

9,633.785 

71.133,:^00 

13.925,393 

390.236 

1.342,503 

2.276.049 

9.435,270 

39,086 
312.023 
47.508 
1.410.709 
3,024.458 
390,695 
2.604.979 
985,867 
60,356 
178.897 
182,660 
143,002 
205,038 
218,778 
16.815.773 
2,889,447 
1.351,165 
918.300 

"150,672* 

1,977,862 


148,669 
341.624 


11,344 

7,784 

642 

644 

7,377,464 

180.077 

11,135.140 

6.801.313 

15.5,704 

17,440,575 


2,785,064 
322,004 

230,364 
2,274,789 
321,551 
42,256 
564,972 
202,753 

168,051 


149,618 

4,099 

1,186 

30 

20,084,294 

649,858 

6,302,605 

33,775,556 

98,185 

18,179,935 


1917 


•  118.104 
11,374,825 


297,379 

64,456 

7,057,940 

310,599 

12,669,466 

90,832,148 

21,316,987 

465.493 

1.694,644 

3,802,984 

10,385,800 

46,380 

1,605,251 

48,103 

1.561,391 

4,080,081 

888,404 

2,317,132 

3.151,851 

319,984 

206,488 

139,761 

463,710 

249,574 

261,429 

17,746,658 

4,699,924 

1,998,665 

1,277,641 

"l"2"2',828 

1.172.624 


185,185 
602,661 


3,299,174 
328,935 

468,405 
2,629,436 
314.793 
84,990 
989,723 
229,841 

394,619 


202,186 

13,470 

6.998 

309 

16,611,250 

668,267 

4,841,436 

34,073,003 

333,875 

15,872,098 


Commercial  Houses: 

Number  of  foreign  firms  doing  business  in  China: 


Firms 


Employees 


j^encan 

Austrian 

Bel^an 

British 

Danish 

Dutch 

French 

German 

Hungarian 

ItaUan 

Japanese 

Norwegian 

Portuguese 

Russian 

Spanish 

Swedish 

Non-treaty  Powers . 


Total . 


216 
18 
18 

656 
17 
22 

127 

132 

•   ••••• 

42 

2,818 

7 

51 

2,914 

8 

S 
7 


7,055 


5.618 
317 
324 

8,479 
450 
298 

2.262 

2,899 

18 

416 

144,492 

277 

2,297 

51,310 

300 

673 

215 


520,485 


®  Including  postal  parcels  (in  1915,  valued  at  $255,780;  in  1916.  at  $8,362,928;  in  1917,  at  $1,138,922) 


Agriculture:  rr«-    u  u- 

The  bulk  of  the  population  of  China  is  employed  in  agriculture.  The  holdmgs  m 
Keneral  are  small,  the  methods  of  cultivation  and  implements  used  are  pnmitive  and 
irrigation  is  commonly  practised.  The  agriculture  of  the  country  is  intensive,  and  rotation 
of  crops  is  extensively  practised.  Fruit  trees  are  grown  and  vegetables  are  cultivated  with 
great  care. 

The  principal  crops  are  wheat,  barley,  maize,  millet,  peas  and  beans  in  the  north, 
and  rice,  indigo  and  sugar  in  the  south.  The  soya-bean,  which  by  treaty  is  the  only  gram 
which  China  is  allowed  to  export,  is  the  principal  product  of  Manchuria.  In  1918  the 
exports  of  soya-bean  products  from  the  port  of  Dairen,  which  handles  about  90  ^r  ^nt 
of  the  exports  of  these  products,  consisted  of:  669,178  tons  of  bean  cake,  valued  at  *20,760,- 
638;  192,273  tons  of  beans,  valued  at  $5,980,882;  24,685  tons  of  bean  meal  valued  at 
$214,969  and  78,371  tons  of  bean  oil  valued  at  $6,816,061. 

Cotton  is  grown  principally  in  the  Yangtze  vaUey,  but  is  grown  as  far  north  as  the 
southern  part  of  ChihU;  the  provinces  in  which  it  is  grown  include  Hupeh,  Himan,  Kian^u, 
Chekiang  and  Szechwan;  Kiangsu  and  Chekiang  are  reported  to  produce  the  best  quahty. 
Rice  is  grown  in  large  quantities  in  the  Yangtze  valley  and  further  south;  the  annual 
crop  is  estimated  at  between  600,000,000  to  800,000,000  pounds.  Tea  is  grown  m  the 
provinces  of  Yunnan,  Szechwan,  Hunan,  Hupeh,  Kiangsi,  Anhwei,  Chekiang  and  Fukien 
The  brick  tea  made  for  export  to  Russia  is  manufactured  in  Hankow,  Kuikiang  and 
Foochow. 

Sugar  is  raised  to  the  greatest  extent  in  Kwantung  and  Fukien  provin<^  and  is 
sent  to  Hong  Kong  and  Amoy,  where  there  are  large  refineries.  KaoUang  and  peanuts 
are  grown  in  north  China  and  Manchuria.  Silk  is  produced  m  Kiangsu,  Chekiang,  Kwan- 
tung and  Shantung,  and  China  suppUes  about  27  per  cent  of  the  world's  supply  of  raw 
silk.    The  center  of  silk  manufacture  is  Hangchow. 

Livestock  of  all  kinds  is  raised  in  China.  Pigs  are  bred  everywhere,  and  their  bristles 
provide  a  valuable  item  of  export.  Sheep,  goats,  cattle  and  horses  are  raised  m  MongoUa; 
mules  and  donkeys  are  used  as  pack  animals  in  North  China  and  Manchuna,  and  camels 
are  used  as  pack  animals  in  Mongolia. 


442 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


CHINA 


443 


Manufactures: 

China  is  beginning  to  develop  manufacturing  industries.  There  are  now  large  cotton 
silk  and  woolen  mills  in  Shanghai  and  Canton,  Hangchow  and  elsewhere,  and  large  flo^ 
and  nee  mills  have  been  established  at  Hungary  near  Hankow,  large  Chinese  sted 
works,  which  get  theu-  ore  from  the  Ta-yeh  iron  mines,  have  a  capacity  of  1,500  tons  of 
pig  iron  a  day,  and  employ  about  5,000  men.  Other  manufacturing  industries  of  imnor 
tance  are  paper  mills  and  desiccated  egg  plante.  According  to  official  reports,  there  are" 
m  China  30  cotton  miUs  with  1,029,218  spindles  and  4,610  looms,  with  an  estimated 
capacity  of  800,000  bales  of  yam  and  1,383,000  pieces  of  40  yards. 
Mines: 

China  is  one  of  the  most  important  coal  reserve  countries  in  the  world,  and  extensive 
deposite  exjst  .n  all  of  the  eighteen  provinces  and  Manchuria.  Iron  is  mined  in  the  an- 
tluacite  field  of  Shansi,  Chihh,  Shantung  and  elsewhere.  Copper  is  mined  in  Yunnan 
which  IS  one  of  the  world's  richest  copper  districts,  as  is  tin,  which  is  the  most  important 
mineral  export,  and  which  is  shipped  from  Mengtsze  through  Hong  Kong.  Antimony 
IS  mined  in  Hunan.  ^ 

Production  figures  are  not  altogether  reliable;  coal,  about  15,000,000  tons;  iron 
(export),  6,817,516  toM  in  1917;  tin,  slabs,  261,769  pounds,  compound,  855,876  pounds 

Tf  II L""^'  ^,f  ^  r""'*''  '-  ^^"-    "o'''  ^  P"^""^  "'  «>«  aPP«>rimate  rate 
of  72  000  ounces  amiually,  silver,  107,000  ounces,  lead,  14,000  tons,  copper,  11,000  tons 

„.*K  ^""f""  reported  to  be  under  Chinese  ownership  and  under  more  or  less  modem 
methods  of  operation,  43  gold  mines,  23  sUver  mines,  61  copper  mines,  173  coal  mines, 
19  iron  mines  and  73  other  mines  of  various  sorts,  totalling  392.  In  addition,  there  are 
several  large  coal  properties  operated  by  foreign  interests,  the  Kailan  coal  mines  in  the 
provmce  of  Chdh  being  of  especial  importance.  These  mines  produce  a  coking  bituminous 
coal  which  IS  shipped  to  various  ports  of  the  Orient,  and  especiaUy  to  Japan.  The  port 
of  Chinwangtao  1ms  been  developed  to  handle  this  coal  traffic,  and  the  amiual  exports 
from  there  are  said  to  be  about  1,400,000  tons  of  which  Japan  takes  about  600,000  tons. 
Canals,  Roads,  Railways: 

»K  ^^f '°'!r''  ^"^^  °'.^''^'  "  "^"^^  °°  ^y  "«»°«  °f  't«  numerous  roads,  which 
though  for  the  most  part  m  bad  condition,  traverse  the  country  in  aU  directions,  and 
by  the  numerous  canals  and  navigable  rivers.  The  most  important  of  the  canals  is  the 
Grand  Canal  from  Hangchow  U>  Tientsin,  for  the  dredging  of  which  the  Chinese  govern- 
ment  recently  gave  a  contract  to  an  American  firm.  There  are  about  6,000  miles  of  rail- 
way open  in  Chma,  including  1,857  miles  in  Manchuria.  There  are.  besides,  2,273  miles 
at  present  under  construction. 

Telegraphs: 

China  has  an  adequate  telegraph  service  linking  aU  of  its  principal  cities,  with  a 
line  mileage  of  about  40,000.  ' 

Post  Offices: 

r^rfl^T,.  Tt  V^^^!*  °f  "*"• '°  ^'^'''  *""'"''''  °'  'o^'S"  P<«t  Office*  in  the  treaty 
ports.  The  Umted  States  has  its  own  post  office  in  Shanghai,  to  which  letters  can  be 
sent  at  domestic  rates. 

Money: 

The  currency  of  China  is  at  present  in  a  very  unsettled  state.    The  former  official 
unit  wa^  the  copper  cash,  of  which  about  1.220  equaUed  one  Haikwan  (customs)  tael, 


and  about  35  equalled  one  cent.  The  haikwan  tael  in  1917  had  a  value  of  $1.03  U.  S. 
currency.  There  are  three  varieties  of  the  dollar  current  in  China:  the  yuan,  with  a  value 
of  about  $0.77  U.  S.  currency;  the  British,  with  a  value  of  about  $0.78  U.  S.  currency. 

These  values,  however,  all  fluctuate  according  to  the  exchange  market  and  the  price 
of  silver.    There  are  likewise  in  circulation  fractional  silver  coins  of  50,  25,  20  and  10  cents. 

Banks: 

There  are  four  varieties  of  banks  in  China:  (1),  The  large  foreign  banks  in  the  treaty 
ports-  (2),  national  banks  estabUshed  by  the  Chinese  government  and  serving  both  the 
eoverkment  and  the  foreign  banks,  the  most  important  of  which  is  the  Bank  of  China; 
(3),  large  native  banks  which  handle  loans  and  discounts;  (4),  small  native  banks  which 
deal  in  dollars,  sUver,  and  sell  exchange  in  small  amounts  on  interior  cities. 

Weights  and  Measures: 

Weights  and  measures  are:  10  ssu- 1  hu;  10  hu- 1  hao;  10  hao»  1  U  (nominal  cash); 
10 11  - 1  fen  (candaren) ;  10  fen  =  1  chien  (mace) ;  10  chien  =  1  Uang  (tael)  =  lHoz.  avoirdu- 
pois by  treaty;  16  Uang  =  1  chin  (catty)  -  IH  lbs.  avoirdupois  by  treaty;  100  chin  =  1  tan 
(picul)  -  133>i  lbs.  avoirdupois  by  treaty.  Capacity:  10  ko-  1  sheng;  10  sheng=  1  tou 
(holding  from  6 >^  to  10  kin  of  rice  and  measuring  from  0.91  to  1.31  gallon).  Commodities, 
even  liquids,  are  commonly  bought  and  sold  by  weight.  Length:  10  fen- 1  ts'un  (inch); 
10  ts'un -1  ch»ih  (foot) -14.1  inches  by  treaty;  10  ch>ih-l  chang  =  2  fathoms;  lU- 
approximately  one-third  of  a  mile. 

Consular  Representatives: 

United  States  consular  officials  are  stationed  at  Amoy,  Antung,  Canton,  Changsha, 
Chefoo,  Chungking,  Foochow,  Hankow,  Harbin,  Mukden,  Nanking,  Shanghai,  Swatow, 
Tientsin,  Peking,  Tsinanfu. 

Chinese  consular  officials  are  stationed  at  San  Francisco,  Honolulu,  New  York  City, 
Portland,  Manila,  Seattle. 
Language:    EngUsh  is  ordinarily  employed  in  commercial  correspondence. 

Local  Advertising  Media: 

Although  there  are  some  500  dailies  published  in  China  in  the  native  languages,  the 
most  important  are  three  in  Shanghai,  two  each  in  Canton,  Tientsin,  Pekin  and  Hankow. 
There  are  two  good  English  dailies  in  Shanghai  and  two  in  Hong  Kong.  Posters  and 
electric  display  signs,  as  well  as  posters  in  railway  stations  and  tram  cars  are  extensively 
employed  as  media. 

Shipping  Routes: 

From  New  York 
Barber  Line 

American  and  Oriental  Line 
American  and  Manchurian  Line 
American-Asiatic  Steamship  Co. 
Ocean  Steamship  Co.,  Ltd. 

Goods  may  also  be  shipped  via  the  Canadian  Pacific,  Northern  Pacific,  Great  Northern, 
Sante  Fe,  Chicago,  Milwaukee  and  St.  Paul  and  the  Western  Pacific  Railways,  with 
connecting  steamers  at  Pacific  ports. 


1 


444 


EXPORTERS  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Customs  Tariff: 

The  revised  Chinese  tariff  provides  wherever  possible  for  specific  duties;  ad  valorem 
duties  having  been  retained  only  when  goods  consist  of  several  grades.  All  revaluatio^ 
have  been  based  on  an  effective  5  per  cent.  The  tariff  is  again  to  be  revised  two  yZ 
after  the  conclusion  of  a  definite  peace.  ^    " 

Constilar  Regulations: 

No  consular  documents  are  required.  The  Chinese  government  prohibits  the  im- 
portation of  salt.  This  does  not  apply  to  Hong  Kong,  which  is  a  British  possession.  The 
miportation  of  firearms  and  ammunition  must  be  authorized  by  the  Chinese  government 
Cable  Rate: 

Rates  from  New  York  and  New  England  States  range  from  $1.22  to  $1.66  per  word 
according  to  route  and  destination.  ' 

Postal  Rate: 

For  Shanghai,  domestic  rates;  for  other  places  Postal  Union  rates 
Mail  Time: 

To  Hong  Kong  26  or  33  days;  to  Shanghai,  25  or  28  days. 
Parcels  Post: 

rhin^'T/"^"*'  *°  ^'■'"''-    '^*  '™"  °'  ''•'«''*  '»  22  pounds  for  the  greater  part  of 
?K    A*,    , !  ^  ^*^^  °'  ''^"°''  "'*'^f-    Pace's  fof  post  offices  situated 

transmitted  by  way  of  Hong  Kong  and  Indo  China,  through  the  Chinese  postal  service' 
are  subject,  regardless  of  weight,  to  a  charge  of  50  cents  each,  Chinese  cuirency,  to  b^ 

ttns^war  '    ^■^"""'"^      ^"'  '"">•'  ■">»««•  »'t.  fire""™'  and  T.Z 

Money  Orders:    Issued. 
International  reply  coupons:    Issued. 

HONG  KONG 

A  colony  of  Great  Britain  in  China  at  the  mouth  of  the  Canton  river  about  ninety 

^il^^n^^^  T"""'  •  '^f  "^IT  ^P^  *^^  ^^^  °'  ^^'^^  Kong,  ceded  to  G«at 
Bntam  m  1841   the  pemnsula  of  Kowloon,  ceded  to  Great  Britain  in  1861;  and  a  portion 

of  Chmese  territory  with  an  area  of  356  square  miles  and  a  population  of  about  90,000 
C^ese,  leai^d  by  Great  Britain  for  99  years  from  1898.  The  total  area  of  the  colony 
18  391  square  miles.  -  wiwujr 

Value  of  the  total  foreign  trade  of  the  United  States  with  Hong  Kong  for  eleven 

J' "HITS. 


Year 

Ended 

June 

30 


Exports 


Domestic 


Foreign 


Total 


1909. 

1910. 

1911. 

1912. 

1913. 

1914. 

1915. 

1916. 

1917. 

1918. . 

1919. . 


Imposts 


Free 


Dutiable 


17.231,664 

6.422.514 

7,720,979 

10.286.450 

10.384.450 

10,637.636 

8,084,643 

11,917,564 

14,147,157 

20,197^696 


$36,138 
44.651 
35,159 
47,093 
46,599 
58,578 

100.672 
91,421 
77,118 
78,042 


$7,267,802 

6,467,165 

7,756,138 

10,333.543 

10.431,049 

10,696,214 

8,185,315 

12,008,975 

14,224,275 

20,275,638 

24,721,067 


ToUl 


$687,169 
1,339,202 
1,605,827 
1.856.112 
2.448,941 
1,332,951 
632,875 
1.974.452 
3.004.555 
9.982.324 


$1,081,860 
992.571 
1.112.488 
1.258.679 
1,570.591 
1.752.889 
1,411,714 
3,426,722 
4,607,841 
8,103,950 


Per 
Cent, 
Free 


Ezoeas  of 
Exports  (♦) 

or 
Imports  (-) 


$1,769,019 
2,331,773 
2,718,315 
3,114,691 
4,019,532 
3,085,840 
2,044,589 
5,401,174 
7,512,396 
18.086,274 
26.066.355 


38.84 

57.43 

59.08 

59.59 

60.93 

43.20 

30.95 

36.56 

39.99 

55.19 

-$5,498,783 
-4.135.392 
-5,037.825 
-7.218.852 
-6,411.517 
-7.610,374 
-6,140.726 
-6.607,801 
-6,711,879 
♦2,189.364 
-1,345,293 


HONG  KONG 


445 


Hong  Kong  is  a  free  port  (except  as  regards  the  importation  of  tobacco  and  intoxicat- 
in.  Uquor)  and  one  of  the  most  important  ports  of  the  world.  It  is  ^j^^  «^PP^g  ^^^^^l^^^J 
The  Orient,  and  to  a  large  extent  the  entrepot  for  aU  tnuie  with  Chma  and  the  East 
Indian  Ar^pelago.  The  best  time  to  visit  Hong  Kong  is  from  November  to  March 
During  the  summer  months  the  heat  is  excessive  and  rain  is  frequent;  and  in  September 
the  Typhoon  frequently  causes  damage.    The  language  of  commerce  is  Enghsh. 

No  official  statistics  of  the  foreign  trade  of  Hong  Kong  were  kept  untU  1918.  The 
following  table  showing  imports  and  exports  by  countries  of  origin  and  destmation  is  the 
first  officially  issued: — ----=^== 


Country 


Imports 


Exports 


Total 


United  Kingdom 

Australia 

Canada. . .  •  • 

New  Zealand 

India  and  Ceylon 

Burma 

Straits  SettiemenVs  and  Federated  Malay  States. 

British  North  Borneo 

West  Indies 

China 

Japan  and  Korea 

Netherlands  East  Indies 

French  Indo-China 

Siam 

Philippine  Islands 

Vladivostock 

United  States 

Central  America 

South  America 

France 

Italy 

Europe  (other) 


$21,574,623 

6,028,305 

545,243 

40,858 

17,526,355 

600,870 

109,670 

13,203,089 

1,461,868 


45,498,313 
47.721,657 

6,419,782 
74,305,976 
17,485,964 

2,646,177 

8,689 

40,571,542 


12,461 
147,306 

30.472 
197,631 


Total . 


$296,136,751 


$5,406,171 

1,762,109 

3,214,598 

198,934 

11,062,278 

1,632,405 

1,960.130 

15,086,849 

486,913 

1,286,082 

179,875.384 

21,843,187 

7,738,101 

28,452,116 

5,476,418 

7,309.634 

1,142 

26,326,590 

716,679 

4,425,627 

1,593,005 

45,023 


$325,899,375 


$26,980,794 

7,790,414 

3,759,841 

239,792 

28,588,633 

2,233,275 

2,069.800 

28,289,938 

1.948,781 

1.286.082 

225,373.697 

69,564,844 

14,157,883 

102,757,992 

22,962,382 

9,955.811 

9,831 

66,898,132 

716,679 

4,438,088 

1.740,311 

75,495 

197.631 


$622,036,126 


The  total  normal  foreign  trade  of  the  colony  has  been  estimated  at  about  $600,000,000 
annually,  of  which  about  $10,000,000  represents  exports  of  the  produce  of  the  colony  and 
about  $20,000,000  represents  imports  for  consumption  within  the  colony. 

Hong  Kong  is  the  center  of  the  Chinese  tea  and  silk  trade,  and  of  trade  in  opium, 
amber,  oil,  cotton  and  cotton  goods,  sugar  and  flour,  salt,  oil,  ivory,  betel-nut,  timber,  hemp 
and  coal.  Shipping  is  its  most  important  industry,  and  there  are  cotton,  flour,  sugar  and 
paper  mills  located  there.  Other  industries  are  brewing,  the  manufacture  of  cement, 
knit  goods,  rope  and  shipbuilding. 

The  currency  consists  of  the  British,  Hong  Kong  and  Mexican  dollars,  with  a  sub- 
sidiary currency  of  50,  20,  10  and  5  cent  pieces.  The  weights  and  measures  of  Great 
Britain  are  in  general  use.  Other  weights  and  measures  are:  The  tael=lH  oz.  avou-du- 
pois;  the  picul-133^1b8.;  the  catty -1^  lbs.  avoirdupois;  the  chek=14|  inches;  the 
Cheung =12  A  feet. 

For  shipping  routes,  see  under  China. 

WEIHAIWEI 

A  concession  in  the  Chinese  province  of  Shantung  comprising  an  area  of  about  285 
square  mUes  with  a  population  (1911)  of  147,177  inhabitants,  leased  to  Great  Britam  by 
China  in  1898  The  native  city  of  Weihaiwei  is  a  walled  town  of  about  2,000  inhabitants 
There  is  an  additional  zone  of  1,500  square  miles  within  which  Great  Britain  has  the  right 


» 


1  " 


^-  V 


446 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


to  erect  fortification,  take  measures  for  the  defence  of  the  territory  and  acauire  ri-rhf 

L"  oTrZd^;:rr""'^  ""^  '-''^^-  ^^^  ^^-i^iat^tioTtzThe"; 

MACAO 

4  square  mdes;  population,  74,886.    Its  trade  is  chiefly  in  the  C^'^I:cl!L 

plus^rnsrcTa^""'  '"  """'  '"^'  *"  ^''^'«'  -■>  ^^^'-^  "'  '"e  regular  12  cent  rate 


CEYLON 

to  NovTmL  br^me  r^n  fT''  T°  "''"'''  ^'""^  """"^  *"  ^"°«  '^<' '«"»  September 
i.>^  .xuveiuoer,  out  some  ram  falls  nearly  every  month. 

The  best  3ea«>n  for  visiting  Ceylon  is  from  October  to  February  or  March     Th« 
language  of  for^.gn  commerce  is  English;  of  the  people,  Singhalese  ZtLi  '" 

althou  h  t^f  sir  it:!".":  X,  "^'r::  .-■>- r '^--f  onaUties, 
smaUer  merchants  through  their  shZ.  '"'*  '"'"^  ''''''  "'*  '"^ 


Area  and  Population 


CEYLON 


447 


Commerce 
United  States  statistics  of  foreign  trade  do  not  separately  classify  trade  with  Ceylon. 
Total  foreign  trade  for  10  years: 


Year 


Imports 


Exports 


Total 


Trade   balance 


1908. 
1909. 
1910. 
1911. 
1912. 
1913. 
1914. 
1915. 
1916. 
1917. 


$39,717,260 
40,697,439 
48,728,475 
50,931,526 
56,880,615 
60,368,312 
65,905,553 
53,089,540 
68,617.895 
59.735,959 


$41,839,625 
47.659,140 
64,008,935 
58,568,763 
64,547,602 
75.588,731 
70,844,514 
88,692,283 
96,520,835 
98,679,791 


$81,556,885 
88,356.579 
102,737.410 
109,500,289 
121.428.217 
135,957.043 
126,750,067 
141,781,823 
165,138,730 
168.415.750 


$2,122,365 

6.961,701 

5,280.460 

7.637,237 

7,666,987 

15,220,419 

14,938,961 

35,602,743 

27,902,940 

38,943,832 


Principal  imports  for  two  years: 


Articles 


1916 


Quantity 


.\nimal8,  live number 

Food  and  drink:  ^     ^     •  . . 

Bacon hundredweignt 

Beer  and  ale gallons 

Biscuits pounds 

Butter ., 

Coffee „ 

Confectionery • 

Curry  stuffs hundredweignt 

Fish:  ,. 

Cured 

Tinned pounds 

Other hundredweight 

Fruit: 

Fresh ;; 

Preserved 

Ghee 

Grain  and  flotir:  ^, 

Beans ,, 

Bran „ 

Gram 

Oats 

P^dy 

Peas „ 

R»ce „ 

Wheat  flour 

Ham 

Meat,  frozen 

Milk,  preserved ,•••,•••.;• 

Onions hundredweight 

Potatoes II 

Seeds,  sesame 

Spirits: 

Brandy gallons 

Gin II 

W^hiskey •  •  •       .  . 

Sugar hundredweight 

Wine,  champagne gallons 

Manufactured  articles:  ,, 

Acids 

Automobiles number 

uOOlCS .•••••••••••••••■* 

Brick  and  tiles *' 

Candles hundredweight 

Casks  and  shooks number 

Cement hundredweight 

Chemists'  sundries || 

Chinaware 

Cycles  and  parts .•  •  •  • 

Earthenware pieces 

Electrical  jioodfl .hundredweight 


105,264 

1,235 

170,803 

1.387,191 

469,222 

1,698,665 

1,013,038 

209,647 

267,344 

343,905 

81,857 

6,370 

11,819 

3,032 

30,897 

71,038 

100,742 

15,261 

748,725 

194,630 

8,073.964 

192,099 

1,629 

4.766 


317,086 

107,643 

23,102 

82,882 

130,617 

167,876 

648,934 

2,744 

66,522 

661 

676,364 

4,626.808 

16.416 

15.470 

315.698 

10.038 

17,071 


1,276,441 
3,848 


Value 


1917 


$356,822 

44,297 
136,961 
246,268 
140,768 
316,201 
177,684 
765.521 

681,960 

59,848 

772,400 

26,656 

105,249 

39,661 

76,361 

93,140 

170.209 

37.952 

813,571 

447,206 

19,841,695 

566,011 

69.126 

85.797 

176,428 

308,621 

177,116 

74,163 

156,870 

152,948 

306,848 

2,524,627 

20,608 

175,091 
604,760 
184,248 
108,436 
141,059 
166,732 
311,223 
394.620 
178.156 
175,673 
46,091 
91,746 


Quantity 


139,244 

665 

89,267 
171,179 
322,527 
1,818,733 
353,565 
212,091 

231,608 

186,279 

77.543 

1.759 

9,185 
2,715 

10,997 

64,883 

170,459 

18.005 

782,062 

106,283 

7,764,121 

182,572 

546 

3.037 


292,096 
98,171 
20,737 

38,871 

76.773 

125,884 

405,338 

1,906 

33.413 

88 

515,747 

4,865,235 

12.911 

8.467 

244.336 

6.826 

9,690 


1.866.827 
1.368 


Value 


$261,971 

26.577 
92.540 
27.766 
94.059 

314,752 
59,123 

716.322 

601,782 

26,067 

735,292 

11.809 
70,499 
35,317 

29.995 
80.701 
279.531 
43,782 
841,532 
242,622 
19,268,795 
633,813 
23,300 
67.600 
206.234 
284,297 
159,285 
63,424 

66,645 

60,846 

238.143 

2,405.794 

17,531 

127,801 

92,171 

242.680 

111.220 

162.473 

93.703 

304,640 

286,792 

129,213 

133.142 

62,334 

49,810 


h    t 


Continued  on  page  448 


! 


448 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Table  Continued; 


Manufactured  articles  (Contiiiued)  • 

Embroidery '.^ 

iiiiplosives 

Fancy  articles. . .  II!  :  !  !  !!  !  !  !  :  !  :  1 1  :cti^ 
fVi™*"'^ piecS 

GuTnybags;;;:::::::::'^-^^-«^«^* 

Haberdashery 

?ewli^"^  ^°^°«*--  •  •  ■•■:::::::::  :^^ 

Le^Eer^oods.;;. •'••••  ■••dumber 

matciies. . gross  boxes 

Musical  instruments 

Painters'  colors .'hiindr^ Weight 

n*If ' reams 

Perfumery ^^^ 

Shoes**''  ^®^*™® hundredweight 

Soap...;////,;;;  •  ••j^^^^^ 

Watches .....////////.nuthS 

Metals: 
Barbed  wire hundredweight 


2.353,110 


10,992 

6,508 

22,181 

23,294 


764 


203,127 


61,922 
308,720 


Brass  ware . 
Hardware. , 


Iron: 

Galvanised . 
Hoop , 


Lead: 

Pig 

Tea 

Nails  and  rivets. 
Steel,  cast . .  . . 
Steel  ware . . . . 
Tin  slabs. . . 
Other 


Tobacco  and  manufactures: 

ciSS"";  .•:::;;:::;::::::;:::>«";.■«'» 

Tobacco — manufactured.  .......      " 

Not  manufactured "  *      " 

Raw  materials  and  miscellaneous: 

Coal ^ 

^^^°— Ra'^- •  • .  .".'.'.'.".'.hundredwdght 

Hides .!!!!.*.'.'!  " 

Fertilizers ....      •• 


19,342 

176,790 

4.658 

479,597 

140,951 

27,746 

3,089 

3,084,143 

27,934 

13,535 


10.873 

2,829 

51,441 


53,257 
51,970 


105,297 

13,229 

33,301 

55,731 

488 

710 


OU: 


Castor 

Gasoline 

Kerosene 

Liquid  fuel    ................ 

Lubricating !..!..!!!  ' 

Precious  stones 


gallons 

41 


Rubber . 


.pounds 


Seeds: 


^^°^ hundredweight 


Timber. . 
All  other. 


.tons 


256,779 

31.226 

23.423 

2,973 


575,677 

7,477 

1,682 

245 

2,025,063 


5,389 

776,092 

4,960,786 

4,965,184 

262,743 

4,4b'9,i82' 


63,446 
1,387 
7,540 


$171,047 
204,462 
156,794 
26,363 
220.209 
164,552 
879.995 
86,877 
133,246 
71,357 
72.302 
975.311 
131,263 
58,349 
186,829 
361,006 
93,735 
622,389 
221,329 
317.807 
141.041 
1,330.771 
175.336 
49.365 


66.194 
127,941 
721,999 


417.967 
269,368 


792,237 
135,916 
191,605 
194,363 
12,412 
31.019 
499,121 


346,382 

31,360 

19,819 

880 


4,859,721 

92,405 

11,190 

2,019 

3,626,803 


37,513 
232,293 

1,100,780 
206,554 
116,898 
113,254 

2,682,695 


60,484 

42,172 

340,735 

308,928 


11.411 

119.898 

4.360 

444,886 

91,700 

10,961 

2,236 

2,660.784 

15.791 

12.567 


1.638 

1.150 

26.622 


20.254 
21,050 

129,888 

5,391 

11,891 

9,654 

867 

1,483 


288,812 

32,676 

15.069 

3,134 


311,595 

6,655 

1,744 

109 

928,070 

4,291 

884,093 

4,201.472 

6.654,306 

314,398 


3.501.117 


27,833 

358 

6,356 


$63,004 
155,533 
123,223 
15,966 
142,889 
126,924 
835,836 
75,209 
127,522 
38,089 
75.137 
725,127 
198,865 
29,895 
149,214 
255.777 
75,636 
577,340 
161,405 
164.406 
129.400 
1.745.126 
151,845 
55,733 


6.813 

67.60.5 

497.043 


206.315 
169.319 


946,723 
63,794 

101,584 
57,257 
16,579 
77,445 

464,709 


329,991 

37,300 

10,875 

1,944 


3,303,707 

124,376 

21,877 

3,473 

1,606,304 


32,316 
483,825 
996,496 
388,598 
163,686 
118,508 
2,008,206 


47,550 

10,664 

298,667 

217,697 


Continued  on  page  449 


CEYLON 


449 


fable  Continued: 


Articles 


1916 


Quanitity 


Value 


1917 


Quantity 


Value 


It 


Textiles: 

Apparel •  • 

Lace  and  net yards 

Piece  goods:  „ 

Dyed . 

Bleached 

Gray 

Printed 

Muslin 

Other 

Silk  and  satin yards 

Thread cases 

Woolens •  • 

Yarn  and  twist,  dyed pounds 

Mixed  materials 

All  other  articles 


2,236.653 

19,557,021 

10,142,209 

2,834,123 

7,764,965 

133.427 


1.442 
i'05,396 


$597,299 
107,797 

1,623,111 
732,723 
202,050 
720,404 
10,589 
405,298 
273,843 
239,126 
159,369 
36,636 
349,990 

6,096,728 


1,209,552 

14,919,202 

12,186,767 

2,281,884 

6.237,759 

30,381 


447 
i53,748" 


$415,038 
54,106 

1,867,912 

1,268,207 

275,732 

677,578 

5,606 

462,002 

171,410 

49,195 

142,811 

52,700 

330,297 

5,129,408 


Distribution  of  foreign  trade  by  countries  of  origin  and  destination: 


CountriM 


Imports  From 


1916 


1917 


Exports  To 


1916 


1917 


British  Empire : 

United  Kingdom 

Australasia 

British  Africa 

British  America 

British  India 

Burma 

Hong  Kong 

Maldive  Islands 

Straits  Settlements 

Other  British  possessions. 

Africa  (not  British) 

Austria-Hungary 

Belgium 

Borneo 

China 

Cochin-China 

Denmark 

France 

Germany 

India  (not  British) 

Italy 

Japan 

Java 

Malta. 


$15,310,683 

738,987 

476,849 

8,858 

26,673,671 

10,062,978 

587,975 

769,907 

5,512,012 

16,266 


9,326 

39,932 

880,824 

384,788 

21,574 

20,822 

353,598 

13,775 

251,676 

156,996 

2,963,689 

1,057,911 


Mozambique 

Netherlands 

Norway 

Persia 

Philippines 

Russia : 

In  Asia 

In  Europe 

Siam 

Spain 

Sumatra 

Sweden 

Switserland 

South  America 

United  States  of  America. 
All  other  countries 


175,843 
533,618 
293,481 
321,426 
5,253 

35,034 
184.051 
330.854 

29.931 

94.321 
196.792 
254.264 

93,988 
2,509,606 

13,796 


$10,585,962 
492,847 
810,452 
1,434 
21,734,688 
12,158,588 
280,863 
730,666 
4,195,313 
42,592 
33 
533 
3,364 
1,002,511 
60,267 
100 
6,835 
214,606 
3,713 
165,382 
78,736 
3,257,615 
773,888 


$42,733,792 

5,228,555 

1,802,397 

957,805 

3,404,326 

34,812 

314,056 

89,466 

307,642 

9,750 

13,664 


23,503 
1,619,722 


$29,410,571 

5.950.144 

1,671.285 

3.161.585 

6.597.718 

80.351 

242.244 

116.285 

429,626 

502,448 

13.043 


1.313,785 
4,699,250 


123,285 

363,281 

41,525 

113,577 

4,870 

609 

55,906 

211,200 

12,309 

424,152 

196,140 

96,999 

1,778 

1,810,341 

10,658 


24,277 

161,352 

309,396 

6,778 

27,628 
102,075 


35,441 
723,166 


362,006 
2,487.954 


172,853 

161 

194,978 

1,838,500 

3.859,187 

1,180 

116,861 

1,752 

2,810 

7,125 

32,032 

27,112,314 

8.505 


7,031 

375,401 

330,542 

2,766 

555 

220,599 

476,296 

89,020 

3,486 

233,755 

1,411,394 

1,165,852 

1,213 

18,594 

15,260 


1.323 

281,463 

33.162,544 

2,216 


450 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


CEYLON— FRENCH  INDO-CHINA 


451 


Principal  exports  for  two  years: 


Commerce 


Articles 


1916 


Quantity 


Value 


Animals,  live number 

^reca  nuts hundredweight 

Cacao •• 

Cardamons •• 

Cinnamon •• 

Cocoanut: 

Desiccated •* 

r>  Kt^^ number 

^Bee hundredweight 

Coir:  ^^ 

Fiber •• 

Hope •• 

Yam " 

Copra 

Fertilixers " 

Fish,  cured " 

Kitue  (fiber) »• 

Oili^  vegetable: 

Cinnamon ounoea 

Citronella pounds 

Cocoanut hundredweight 

Palmyra  fiber " 

Plumbago ** 

Poonac , . ,  •• 

S"^}*®*" .  •  •  , pounds 

eneus,  chank number 

Skins,  dressed hundredweight 

Jf*;, pounds 

Textiles 

*>™ber tons 

lobacco pounds 

All  other  articles 


Total 


445 

123,205 

73.245 

3.901 

44.758 

306,149 

4.694.297 

30 

215,444 

15,109 

80.912 

1.309,939 

1,226 

2,670 

1.590 

183,006 

1,366,014 

323,017 

2,094 

668,216 

80,386 

58,504,835 

1.520.511 

8,146 

203.256,347 

2,429' 

2,752,195 


$15,174 
906.906 
916.543 
162.831 
407.389 

2,824.330 

135,582 

560 

202.936 

49,019 

262,243 

7,094,856 

2,042 

32.601 

30,912 

16,688 
421,064 
2,898,698 
16.446 
7,298,128 
121,191 
36,218.864 
35.112 
179.594 
34.151.949 
138.857 
27.980 
160.931 
1.789.409 


1917 


Quantity 


Value 


873 

154.000 

72.697 

3.369 

29,716 

272,059 

5.289.481 

53 

137.721 

14.140 

26,336 

1,078.704 


$96,520,835 


2.747 
293 

173.529 

1.197.507 

434.609 

568 

523,940 

43.927 

75,781.401 

1.870,084 

4  332 

195.23 1^592 


$15,857 
968.377 
585,857 
119.816 
313.977 

3.037.021 

104,140 

989 

135.724 

45.875 

78.606 

4,287,548 


2,890 
3.463.015 


39.392 
11.806 

18.760 

380.614 

3,270.5a5 

4.359 

7,071.803 

50.113 

44.543.785 

50.690 

186,910 

31.036.417 

51.982 

21.110 

216,502 

2,041,254 

$98,679,789 


Production  and  Industry 
Of  the  total  area  of  16,212,000  acres,  about  3,000,000  are  under  cultivation     The 

m  oStT"""     TC  ^^"  '"^  ""  '°"°*'^  "**  •^'^y-  ™2,I65  acres;  other  grain, 
133,028  acres;  cacao,  44  280  acres;  cinnamon,  39,930  acres;  tea,  308,779  acni;  cocoZ^ 

904,674  acres;  rubber,  251,500  acres.    The  livestock  in  1917  consisted  of  1  577  464  head 

„«:? n%'H''"f  h'^"','''''*  ''"^'  '-'''  """^  '^'^  '^'^  «oats.    The  hind  isT  ^ 
most  part  divided  into  large  estates. 

In  1917  there  were  1,256  registered  factories  of  which  1,028  were  for  the  preparation 
of  rubber,  tea  and  cacao,  119  for  the  preparation  of  cocoanut  fibre  and  oil.  46  enrineerine 
and  saw  nulls,  11  printing  establishments  and  23  establishments  engaged  Vn  the  Zu 
facture  of  aerated  water  and  ice.     Native  manufactures  include  weaving,  basket  work, 
jewelry,  lacquer  ware,  etc.     There  are  about  2,500  plumbago  mines,  and  monazite  sand 
^I^^J"         moonstones  are  hkewise  mined.     Pearl  fishing  is  an  industry  of  great 

Railways,  Post  Offices,  Telegraphs: 

f.i    '"^  l^^ffi'^'^TuTnfo^  ^^^^  ^^^-    ^^^"^  ^^'^^  ^"  1917,  524  post  offices  and  147 
telegraph  offices  with  6,953  miles  of  wire.  ^  »"u  it 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures: 

The  weights  and  measures  are  those  of  Great  Britain.  The  unit  of  currency  is  the 
Indian  rupee  which  m  Ceylon  is  divided  into  100  cents.  It  has  a  par  value  of  $0  32  U  S 
currency.  w/.u*  v>.  k?. 


Language:  English  is  the  language  of  foreign  trade. 

Shipping  Routes: 

American  &  Indian  Line. 

Grace  Line. 

Nippon  Yussen  Kaisha. 

Cttstoms  Tariff: 

The  customs  tariff  of  Ceylon  provides  for  ad  valorem  duties  of  5H  per  cent,  upon 
some  commodities,  and  specific  duties  based  upon  weight  on  others.  The  import  tariff 
is  based  upon  the  "true  wholesale  market  value"  which  is  defined  as  follows: 

(a)  The  wholesale  cash  price,  less  trade  discount,  for  which  goods  of  like  kind  and 
quality  are  sold,  or  are  capable  of  being  sold,  at  the  time  and  place  of  importation,  without 
any  abatement  or  deduction  whatever  except  of  the  amount  of  the  duties  payable  on  the 
importation  thereof;  or 

(b)  Where  such  price  is  not  ascertainable,  the  cost  at  which  goods  of  like  kind  and 
quaUty  could  be  deUvered  at  such  place  without  any  abatement  or  deduction  except  of 
the  duties  as  aforesaid. 

Consular  Regulations:  No  consular  documents  are  required. 

Cable  Rates:  From  New  York  or  New  England  states,  $0.66  cents  per  word. 

Postal  Rates:  Postal  Union  rates. 

Mail  Time:  24  days. 

Parcels  Post: 

Goods  can  be  sent  by  parcel  post  to  Ceylon  via  England  at  the  regular  12  cent  rate 

plus  transit  charges. 

Money  Orders:  Issued. 

International  Reply  Coupons:  Issued. 

MALDIVE  ISLANDS 

The  Maldive  Islands,  400  miles  west  of  Ceylon,  a  group  of  13  coral  islets  with  a  popu- 
lation of  over  70,000  Mohammedans,  which  produce  millet,  fruit  and  nuts,  are  a  dependency 
of  Ceylon. 

FRENCH  INDO-CHINA 

A  group  of  states,  possessions  of  France,  in  southeastern  Asia  bordering  on  the  China 
Sea  and  bounded  by  Siam,  Burma  and  China.  In  area  the  colony  is  slightly  smaller  than 
the  state  of  Texas. 

There  are  two  seasons,  the  dry  from  October  to  April,  and  the  wet  from  April  to 
October.    The  climate  of  Cochin-China  and  Cambodia,  in  the  south,  is  tropical. 

The  principal  products  of  French  Indo-China  are  rice,  of  which  it  is  one  of  the  world's 
largest  producers,  rubber,  fish,  minerals,  timber,  cattle,  spices,  sugar,  and  tea.  The  prin- 
cipal imports  are  manufactured  articles  of  all  kinds. 

The  principal  cities  of  commercial  importance  are  Saigon,  Haiphong,  Hanoi,  Pnompenh 
and  Hu^. 

French  is  the  commercial  language  of  Indo-China.  Trade  is  largely  in  the  hands  of 
French  and  other  European  houses. 


^.^ 


452 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


FRENCH  INDO-CHINA 


453 


Area  and  Population 

The  colony  of  French  Indo-China  consists  of  Cochin-China,  the  protectorates  of 
Annam,  Cambodia,  Tonking  and  Laos,  and  the  district  of  Kwang-Chan-Wan,  leased 
from  China.    The  total  area  is  256,000  square  miles. 

The  principal  cities,  with  population  are  as  follows:  In  Cochin-China;  Saigon,  popula- 
tion about  100,000;  Cholon,  about  168,000,  of  whom  about  75,000  are  Chinese.  InAnnam, 
Hue,  population  about  60,000,  the  port  of  Tourane;  and  Bink-Dinh,  population  74,000. 
In  Cambodia;  Phompenh,  population  62,255.    In  Tonking;  Hanoi,  population  about  15,'ooo' 

Commerce 

United  States  statistics  of  foreign  commerce  do  not  separately  classify  trade  with 
French  Indo-China,  including  it  under  the  general  classification  "French  East  Indies." 

Total  foreign  commerce  for  eight  years: 


Year 


Imports 


Exports 


Total 


1910. 
1911. 
1912. 
1913. 
1914. 
1915. 
1916. 
1917. 


$46,066,453 
47.119,537 
52,726,427 
59,103,947 
51.433.182 
43.312,589 
64,646.464 
72.096,223 


$56,075,554 
48,278,274 
50,321.959 
66.635.035 
64,141,086 
66,603,040 
75.459,423 
83.028.606 


Values  of  principal  articles  of  import  for  five  years: 


$102,142,007 
95,397,811 
103,048,386 
125,738,982 
115,574.268 
109.915,629 
140.105,887 
155,124.829 


Articles 


1913 


1914 


1915 


1916 


1917 


Cotton  fabrics 

Jute  fabrics 

Gold  leaf 

Petroleum  and  gasoline 

Silk  cloth 

Iron  and  steel 

Raw  opium 

Metal,  manufactured 

Arms,  powder  and  ammunition 

Cotton  thread 

Sugar 

Porcelain 

Machinery 

Wines 

Wheat  flour 

Woolen  cloth 

Vegetables 

Areca  nuts,  dried 

Paper,  etc.,  Chinese 

Linens 

Manufactured  rubber 

Tea 

Table  prints 

Automobiles  and  parts 

Books,  papers,  etc 

Cigarettes 

Vermicelli 

Medicines 

Medicines.  Chinese 

Chemicals 

Linen  fabrics 

Skins  and  hides 

Matches  and  jewelry 

Hemp  and  flax  thread 

Soaps  and  perfumes 

Volatile  essence 

Copper 

Straw  baskets,  hats 

Distilled  beverages 


$7,038,324 

$5,338,766 

2.140.370 

3,196.080 

1,630,657 

1.351.264 

1.182,318 

1.039,498 

2,485,261 

2,238.607 

1.038,147 

632,847 

217,318 

1,316,646 

1,724.069 

1,633,552 

1,097,012 

1,157.614 

900,731 

1,135.998 

860.587 

730.505 

1.182.511 

840.708 

888.765 

930.260 

876.413 

573.017 

949,946 

672,991 

894.555 

713,135 

599,265 

602,739 

876.220 

641,532 

575,912 

498,133 

741,120 

609,301 

247.233 

248,970 

1.164.369 

576,298 

439.847 

354,155 

317.871 

292,974 

357.436 

385,035 

372,876 

677,430 

271,744 

249,935 

351.646 

524.960 

423.828 

357,050 

538,891 

405,300 

518.398 

478,640 

472.271 

476.903 

196.667 

146,294 

426.144 

317,678 

313.432 

199,562 

132.398 

146.680 

198,597 

127,573 

232,565 

207.089 

462,428 

406,072 

$3,142,812 
1.673.117 
1,207,408 
990.090 
2,406.903 
505,660 
1,195.442 
944.928 
492.729 
1,482,819 
640,760 
874.869 
394,685 
546,190 
456,252 
490,027 
455,866 
568,578 
606.143 
476,903 
208.440 
469,955 
394,299 
230,349 
368,823 
335,820 
296,255 
237.769 
328.872 
425,565 
131,240 
192,421 
140.504 
357.629 
277,920 
130,468 
69,866 
221,950 
223.108 


$6,745,736 

3,254,366 

1,451.939 

1.934,825 

2,249.801 

1.236.744 

1.330.735 

1.487.451 

694.414 

1.728,122 

1,024,251 

1,174,212 

967,316 

670,096 

525.153 

1.321,084 

599,072 

956,122 

550.822 

1,035.638 

293.746 

436.466 

414.950 

244,145 

298,378 

330,416 

348.944 

290,272 

358,015 

464,744 

920.610 

293.695 

215.967 

311.116 

265,761 

177,367 

225.038 

262,673 

279,657 


$9,903,673 

2.660,698 

2.414,237 

2,160,021 

2.001,024 

1,751,282 

1.614.252 

1,436.885 

1,319,848 

1,233,056 

1,103.188 

1.090,450 

1,057.640 

954,771 

802,108 

741,084 

728,382 

564,718 

548,699 

462,621 

453,250 

431,741 

408,774 

405,107 

356,857 

329,644 

322,696 

314,.590 

314,783 

294,325 

291.044 

289,886 

287,184 

250,497 

246.268 

216,546 

210.949 

209.212 

186,631 


fable  Continued: 


Paper • 

Candles 

Paper,  fancy.... 

Tooacco,  in  packages . . . 
Jute  thread  and  twine . . 

Hemp,  combed 

Milk,  condensed 

Dyes,  prepared 

Glass,  bottles 

Joes  sticks 

Colors 

Umbrella* 

Tin •: 

Syrup,  candies • 

Glassware • .  . 

Wood,  manufactured . . 

Games,  etc 

Electric  lamps 

Animals 

Bicycles  and  parts .... 

Potatoes 

Coal 

Tortoise  shell 

Salted  butter 

Fish 

Beer 

Coffee 

Flax  and  hemp  fabrics. 

Mineral  waters 

Chinese  tobacco 

Cigars 

Silk  thread 

Oil  cakes 

Raw  wax 

Playing  cards 

Cement 

Sweet  biscuits 

Cheese 

Chocolate 


$406,774 
90.324 
253.409 
259.199 
186.824 
215.774 
168.296 
100.939 
156.523 
151.119 
513.187 
260.164 
188,368 
152.470 
245.110 
87.236 
275.411 
46.127 
93.605 
297.992 
169.068 
72.954 
89.359 
112.519 
155.751 
189.333 
143.785 
77.586 
90.131 
77.200 
92.061 
57,707 
33.968 
20.265 
253.409 
129.310 
65.813 
63.690 
39.951 


$266,147 
77.972 
215.581 
257,269 
199.562 
160.190 
198.790 
119.853 
208.054 
161.927 
199.369 
182,578 
161.155 
97.079 
157.874 
114.835 
202.071 
107.501 
64,269 
257.269 
158.260 
150.154 
56.356 
99.781 
106.922 
99.202 
125.836 
69.673 
89.552 
55.391 
95,921 
48,250 
12.352 
39,565 
102.097 
118,695 
55.198 
56.163 
23.160 


$251,865 
136,837 
250.900 
206.317 
149.189 
197.439 
73.141 
68.708 
86.464 
169.261 
133.749 
79.130 
111.554 
180.648 
100.360 
84.341 
111.361 
38.986 
89.359 
154.786 
136.065 
51.917 
126.029 
109.624 
89.745 
61.567 
59.058 
44,583 
115.800 
64.848 
44.197 
130.468 
59.830 
54.233 
71.217 
49,987 
61,567 
36,863 
41,688 


Values  of  principal  articles  of  export  for  five  years: 


Articles 


1913 


1914 


1915 


1916 


$281,201 
106.729 
300,115 
214,616 
130,889 
178.139 
163.857 
300,887 
119.274 
159.997 
159.804 
155.199 
174.858 
72,954 
95.149 
82.990 
110.203 
103.834 
101,132 
112.712 
90.131 
128.731 
109.624 
111,782 
116.958 
33.389 
66.199 
66.778 
101.711 
62,725 
66,006 
41.302 
43.618 
40.530 
137.609 
30.880 
122.362 
78.165 
22.774 


1916 


1917 


$183,350 
176.981 
165,594 
164.050 
159.804 
158.453 
156.523 
155,172 
141.083 
138.381 
137.416 
122.555 
116.379 
112.712 
109.624 
109,238 
101.711 
101.518 
100.746 
95.149 
86.078 
81.060 
80.867 
79.323 
76.235 
68.708 
66.778 
65.234 
61.953 
61.567 
59.637 
52.303 
46.513 
39.758 
39.372 
38.600 
34.740 
21.037 
18.914 


1917 


Rice 

Fish,  dried,  salted,  etc. . . 

Coal 

Rubber 

Leather 

Zinc 

Cinnamon  bark 

Cement 

Hides,  raw 

Cotton  thread 

Animals,  live 

Shrimp,  dried 

Tortoise  shell 

Cardamon 

Tea 

Pepper 

Hides,  tanned 

Maine ■ 

Cotton 

Copra 

Cotton  and  wool  fabrics . 

Essence  of  aniseed 

Medicines 

Wood 

Silk  fabrics 


$34,038,831 
2.290.138 
1.284,994 
185.859 
1.057.447 
654.358 
289,728 
596.177 
547.663 
660.832 
309,765 
325,784 
223,687 
151,698 
125.643 
725.873 
275.218 
3.086.649 
345.592 
326.942 
530.171 
488.676 
100,360 
134,907 
106,114 


$37,026,278 

$36,277,152 

$35,858,242 

2.322.369 

2.201.551 

1.862,064 

1,338,262 

1.745,492 

1.836.395 

169.068 

327.135 

635.356 

1.073.659 

882.975 

313,818 

463.200 

830.479 

1,332.665 

387.930 

496.589 

904,784 

473,815 

614.319 

609,687 

816.583 

744.980 

656,007 

831.444 

691,326 

1,038.340 

303.782 

617.214 

541.944 

303,975 

300.308 

392.176 

190.684 

254.953 

237.583 

101.325 

190.684 

223.301 

165.401 

325,012 

354.541 

564.332 

748,840 

499.291 

168,875 

405.300 

821.757 

2,297,665 

1.458,887 

960.561 

217,318 

134,521 

175.051 

487,138 

455,287 

394,878 

180.069 

178,718 

902.275 

113,870 

158,453 

125.257 

103.255 

121,204 

162.892 

145.715 

129.696 

152.663 

133.170 

47,092 

89.359 

$43,215,209 
1.783,706 
1.437.078 
1.077.905 
884.133 
872.167 
720,276 
715.837 
613.547 
514.731 
496.396 
380.982 
360.524 
340.259 
332.732 
318.643 
315.362 
287,763 
236.425 
198.983 
198.597 
197.439 
167.910 
145.908 
135.100 


I? 


|i      '' 


>' 


Continued  on  page  453 


Continued  on  page  454 


454 


Table  CovUinued: 


EXPORTERS  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Artidefl 


1913 


1914 


1915 


1916 


Fish  oils , 

Beans 

Straw  and  bark! . . 
Wood,  manufactured. 

Fish,  prepared 

Cuvao 

Feathers \'.\\ 

Glue,  fish 

Birds  eggs 

Sea  salt 

Rattan 

Raw  silk 

Candied  fruits 

Sesame 

Oils  for  lacquer 

Castor  oil 

Coffee 

Other  hides 

Fish,  fresh 

Siigar 


$298,185 
48,250 

258,620 
143,013 

142.820 

129,503 
91,289 
31,073 
61,338 

105,571 
88,201 

358.594 
195 
60,216 
85,692 
58,865 
85.499 
69.094 

299,150 

149,189 


$385,035 
65,620 
77,779 
513.435 
62.339 
614,593 
75.463 
27.213 
62,532 
78.751 
82.025 
195,702 
386 
79,516 
87,043 
86,850 
93,991 
117,730 
211,721 
153,628 


$442,549 

48.250 

86.078 

120.239 

77.972 

143.206 

48,057 

42.653 

46.127 

93,412 

100,396 

279.271 

56.935 

150.733 

263,638 

48,250 

140,118 

70,445 

318.064 

212,493 


$343,154 
36,091 
77,972 
79,130 
81.446 
85.692 
69.094 
67,743 
16,019 
59.444 
37.249 

110,203 
40,144 
62,532 
55,584 
22.581 

279.464 
70.445 

103.448 

329,258 


1917 


$128,538 
101,711 

99.781 
92.640 
88.008 
85,885 
81,253 
70,252 
68,901 
61,374 
57.900 
46.320 
42,846 
27.635 
31.266 
30,301 
17,949 
4,439 
195 
42.267 


Importa  and  exports  by  principal  countries  in  1916  and  1917: 


Countries 


Imports 


1916 


1917 


Countries 


Hong  Kong . 

Singapore. . 
England ... 
China. 


British  India 

Dutch  East  Indies ...... 

United  States 

Japan ' 

Philippine  Islands 

Other  countries  of  Amer- 
ica  

Siam 

Switzerland 

Netherlands 

Italy ;.; 

Australia 

Other  European  countries 


Exports 


1916 


$14,855,210 
5,703,343 
2.657.224 
4,163,975 
1,875,960 
1,138,121 
914,434 
1,156,070 
47,478 

118,695 

131.819 

162.120 

29.529 

63.304 

6.369 

70,638 


Total I  $33.114.289 


$14,971,203 
5,542,960 
4.117,076 
3,927.143 
2,251,538 
1,302,364 
1.127,313 
1,110,557 
281,201 

245,689 
201.492 
132,785 
89,745 
80,867 
31,266 
23,739 


$35,437,547 


1917 


Hong  Kong 

Singapore .' , . , 

Japan ] 

Dutch  East  Indies .  .  .  . 

Philippine  Islands 

China 

Siam 

American  countries 

England 

Other  European  countries 
Other    countries   in    Far 

„East 

British  India 

Total 


$24,610,331 

6.075,108 

2.249.720 

3.502,910 

3.806,297 

2.879,949 

546.840 

255,235 

446.726 

24,935 

4.587 
6,778 


$44,409,416 


$25,694,892 

7.875.198 

4.824.198 

4,545,545 

4,489,412 

1,725.568 

528.871 

213.514 

82.945 

8.055 

4,169 
247 


$49,992,614 


Production  and  Industry 

.rt.fi"l''r''\-"^t-'^  ?!^"1  °'  ^'"'•'  Ind,vChina,  being  exclusively  grown  in  aU  the 

S^^,  7^^  ""^  '*  :f  """r**^  °''  ^'^-'^  "<"*«•    Of  the  total  La  of  Cochin- 

Chrna  3,760,985  acres  are  under  cultivation,  4,319,274  acres  are  under  forest,  and  8,616  869 
acres  are  not  under  cultivation.  Rubber  is  now  beginning  to  be  extensi^Iy  g^w„  ^ 
pecmUy  m  Cochm-Cluna  where  173,000  acres  have  been  reserved  for  its  cultfva^n  itt 
actuaUy  grown  on  42,577  acres  planted  with  5,180,380  trees.  cuiuvation,  it  is 

Other  important  agricultural  products  are  com  and  other  cereals,  mulberry,  tobacco 
cinnamon  sugar,  timber,  especiaUy  teak,  coffee,  dyes,  cocoanuts,  sw;,t  pote^  coZ' 
spic^  and  tropical  fruite.  Pepper  is  an  important  product  of  Cambodia,'^h1^nu^  ^ 
^^^r.^^  estimated  at  about  1,700,000  pounds;  it  is  grown  in  some  60  villages^ 

SIS  K'^ins^'*""  "■  ""^  •^'^  "^  '"""'»^"''  *■•'  ■-"-•  ""^"O" 


FRENCH  INDO-CHINA—HEDJAZ 


455 


The  raising  of  livestock  is  extensively  carried  on.  In  Cochin^hum  there  are  some 
709  380  pigs,  and  11,243  horses.    In  Annam  there  are  some  210,000  head  of  cattle. 

An  ^^iaUy  important  product  is  raw  silk,  the  annual  production  bemg  approximately 
2,000,800.  pounds,  of  which  about  1,800,000  pounds  axe  produced  m  Annam,  and  the  rest 

^  ^Sg  on  both  coast  and  rivers  is  carried  on,  principaUy  in  CocHn^,  where 
boats  on  the  rivers  and  on  the  coast  return  an  annual  cateh  valued  at  $540,000. 

Mineral  resources  are  being  developed.  Iron,  copper,  go  d  and  zmc  salt  and  coal 
are  mined  in  Annam,  the  latter  near  the  port  of  Tourane  as  well  as  m  Tonkmg,  where  the 
a^ual  production  exceeds  600,000  tons,  and  in  the  territory  of  Laos.  Zmc  is  mined  m 
Tanking  the  production  in  1915  amounting  to  39,300  tons.  Gold,  tm,  precious  stones, 
and  lead' are  mined  in  the  territory  of  Laos.  ,    ,    ,    ^,..       •    i  j    n    •  u- 

Th^  principal  manufacturing  enterprises  in  French  Indo^hma  include  9  rice  mills 
in  Saigon  and  Cholon,  saw  mills,  soap  and  varnish  factories,  and  cotton  miUs. 
Railways :  Total  mileage  933,  of  which  state  owned  amounts  to  747  miles^ 
?SeIr%hs,  Telephones,  Post  Offices:  There  are  376  telegraph  offic^  and  8  719  mJes  of 

hn?;  12  urban  and  5  interurban  telephone  systems  with  a  total  hne  mileage  of  270, 

and  363  post  offices.  . 

ConsularRepresentatives:TheUnitedStatesmaintainsaconsulmSaigon,FrenchIndo-China. 

Language:    French  is  ordinarily  employed  in  commercial  correspondence. 

Local  Advertising  Media:  The  principal  newspapers  and  magazines  of  French  Indo-China 

are  published  in  the  French  language. 

^^^T^L^a^no  direct  steamship  services  between  New  York  and  ports  in  French  Indo- 

China.    Shipments  are  ordinarily  maxie  via  Singapore  or  Hong  Kong. 

Customs  Tariff:    There  are  thirty-four  main  divisions  of  the  tariff  with  specific  duties 

based  on  weight  on  different  articles. 
Consular  Regulations:  Same  as  given  for  France.  ^ 

Cable  Rates:    Amiam,  $1.11  per  word;  Cambodia,  $0.99  per  word;  Cochm-Chma   $1.03 

per  word,  Laos,  $0.99  per  word,  Tonking,  $1.11  per  word  from  New  York  and  New 

England  States. 
Postal  Rates:  Postal  Union  rates. 

Mail  Time:  Thirty-four  days.  x    •    r>      «    of +Kn 

Parcels  Post:  Goods  can  be  sent  to  French  Indo-China  by  parcel  post  via  France  at  the 

regular  12  cent  rate  plus  transit  charges. 
Money  Orders:  Not  issued. 
International  Reply  Coupons:  Issued. 


HEDJAZ 

The  kingdom  of  the  Hedjaz,  in  Arabia,  achieved  its  independence  of  Turkey  during 
the  Great  War.  It  has  an  estimated  area  of  96,000  square  mUes  and  an  estimated  population 
of  300,000.  It  is  of  great  sentimental  importance  to  Moslems  because  of  ite  Posse^^^f 
the  Holy  cities  of  Islam,  Mecca  (population  80,000)  and  Medina  (popdation  40  000). 
The  independence  of  the  comitry,  dating  from  June,  1916,  was  recognized  by  the  Peace 
Conference.  The  principal  producte  of  the  country  are  coffee,  dat^  and  olives;  sheep  are 
raised.  The  Hedjaz  raUway,  which  connects  the  country  with  Damascus,  has  its  termmus 
at  Medina. 


456 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


INDIA 


457 


INDIA 

British  India,  which  includes  the  Empire  of  India  and  some  17  native  «f..f^  ^hi  u 
practically  controlled  by  Great  Britain,  has  a  total  area  oTf^  fSi  ^  7        f' 

total  noniilAfinn  nf  lie;  i«;a  qo^     t  .^  1,802,629  square  miles  and  a 

Hnlr^.  r        A  f /^'/^^^^-    I'^  Po»^t  «f  view  of  area,  it  is  about  half  as  larire  as  the 
Umt^  States  and  Alaska;  it  has  almost  three  times  the  population  of  the  UnitS  Ste^ 
The  climate  in  general,  is  hot,  but  there  are  three  well  defined  seasons.    The  h^  se^ 
or  season  of  the  southwest  monsoon,  is  from  March  to  May,  inclusive;  the  r^^i 


•«  from  June  to  October,  inclusive.  The  cool  season  from  November  to  February,  inclusive. 
This  latter  season  is  the  best  time  for  doing  business  in  India,  not  only  because  of  the 
rlimatic  advantages,  but  because  the  requirements  of  the  country,  and  its  purchasmg 
power,  which  depend  largely  upon  the  success  of  the  harvest,  are  known  to  the  merchants 
after  the  monsoon. . 

An  important  characteristic  which  distinguishes  the  trade  of  British  India  and  of  the 
East  Indies  in  general  is  its  division  into  two  classes;  the  native  or  bazaar  trade,  and  the 
fipnarate  trade  of  the  British  and  other  European  high  class  retail  shops.  To  reach  the 
^at  native  population,  goods  are  sold  through  the  large  general  import  houses  of  European 
or  native  nationality.  These  import  houses  do  not  supply  the  European  retail  shops,  and 
the  manufacturer  who  desires  to  sell  a  product  suitable  both  to  the  European  and  native 
trade  must  employ  two  different  methods  of  marketing  his  goods. 

The  principal  cities  are  Bombay,  Madras  and  Calcutta. 

Agriculture  is  by  far  the  most  important  industry  of  India,  and  may  almost  be  said 
to  be  the  single  industry  of  importance.  In  general  it  is  carried  on  by  the  natives  with 
great  assiduity  and  intelligence,  and  the  methods  developed  by  long  experience  show  some 
resemblance  to  those  of  contemporary  scientific  agriculture.  The  government  l^af^oste^ 
the  development  of  agrarian  education,  and  the  adoption  of  modem  techmcal  methods  and 
equipment  is  becoming  more  and  more  common. 

Wheat  is  the  principal  agricultural  crop,  being  grown  chiefly  in  the  Punjab,  the  United 
Provinces  and  the  Central  Provinces,  which  have  become  one  of  the  world  s  mam  sources 
of  supply.    Rice,  which  is  most  extensively  cultivated  in  Burma,  Bengal  and  Madras,  is 
largely  exported.    The  staple  food  grain  of  the  native  population  is  millet,  which  is  grown 
on  an  area  greater  than  that  devoted  to  the  cultivation  of  any  other  crop  in  a  region  extend- 
ing  from  Madras  in  the  south  to  Rajputana  in  the  north.    Vegetables,  oilseeds  and  spic^ 
are  likewise  of  great  importance.    Fruit  is  extensively  cultivated,  as  are  palms,  mdigo  and 
sugar     Cotton  is  the  most  important  agricultural  product  from  an  mdustqal  pomt  of 
view  and  India,  next  to  the  United  States  is  the  world's  most  important  source  of  supply. 
It  is'grown  chiefly  in  the  plains  of  Gujairat,  the  Deccan,  the  Central  Province  and  Berar. 
Second  to  cotton,  jute  is  of  prime  importance.    India  is  the  world's  great^t  producer  and 
it  is  grown  in  Bengal,  Assam,  Orissa  and  Madras.    Tea  planting  is  the  industry  which  has 
attracted  the  greatest  amount  of  foreign  investment,  and  the  teas  of  India  and  Ceylon 
have  replaced  those  of  China  in  the  world  markets.    Coffee  and  cinchona  are  valuable 
products.    Timber  products,  including  teak,  bamboo,  rattan  and  deodar  are  important  m 
Burma. 

Of  mineral  products  coal  is  the  most  important,  most  of  the  production  being  mined 
in  Bengal.  Gold  is  mined  chiefly  in  Mysore;  iron  exists  throughout  India  f rom  A^am  m 
the  north  to  Madras  in  the  extreme  south.  Petroleum  is  extensively  developed  m  Burma, 
and  manganese  in  Madras,  the  Central  Province  and  Burma. 

Next  to  agriculture,  textile  weaving  is  the  most  important  industry  of  India.  The 
principal  center  of  the  manufacture  of  cotton  textUes  being  Bombay,  and  of  jute  manu- 
facture, Calcutta.  The  silk  industry  centers  at  Kashmir  and  in  Burma^  Carpet-weavmg 
and  the  weaving  of  woolen  textiles  centers  at  Amritsar  in  the  Punjab.    Of  less  importance 


458 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Area  and  Population 
Area  and  population  of  Provinces  and  States  comprising  British  India. 


British  Provinces 


Ajmer-Merwara 

Andamans  and  Nicobars.".' " 
Assam 

Baluchistan. ....!.... 

Bengal .'..'.'.'.'.'." 

Bihar  and  Orissa 

Bihar 

Orissa .,..'!. 

Chota  Nagpxir ..." 
B«^bay  (Presidency) . .  .* .' .' ." 

Bombay 

Bind..:       

_  Aden 

Burma ....'.\\\ 

Central  Provinces  and  Berai-'  * 

J^ntral  Provinces 

S*«J8 

Madras 

North  West  Frontier  PtoWiIto, 
r'unjab 

United  Provinces." .' .'    .'    .' 

Agra 

Oudh  


Area  in 
square  miles 


Population 
in  1911 


Total  Provinces. 


2.711 
3.143 
53,015 
54.228 
78.699 
83.181 
42,361 
13.743 
27.077 
123.059 
75.993 
46,986 
80 
230.839 
99.823 
82.057 
17.766 
1,582 
142,330 
13,418 
99.779 
107,267 
83,109 
24,158 


State  Or  Agency: 

Assam  State  (Manipur) 

Baluchistan  States. .  

Baroda  State .  

Bengal  States 

Bihar  and  Orissa  States 

Bombay  States.  

Central  India  Agency 

Central  Provinces  States  Z; ." 

Hyderabad  State 

Kashmir  State  

Madras  States 

Cochin ;  ■  ■  ■  ■ 

Travancore. 

Mysore  State  

P^Sab's?a'J™"''"'''"^'-'~  Ww-'i"  '°J' Tribal  »^Ui 

siSiSSsutSf. ■"''••••  •••••■••■••■-••■•••••••:^ 

United  Provinces  States 

• - 


Total  States , 


Total  India. 


1.093,074 


8,456 
80,410 

8,182 

5.393 
28.648 
63.864 
77.367 
31,174 
82,698 
84,432 
10,549 

1.361 

7,594 

29,475 

25.472 

36.551 

128.987 

2.818 

5.079 


501,395 
26.459 
6.713,635 
414,412 
45.483.077 
34.490.184 
23,752,969 
5,131.753 
5.605.362 
19.672.642 
16.113.042 
3.513.435 
46.165 
12.11.'>.217 
13.916.308 
10.859.146 
3.057,162 
174.976 
41,405.404 
2.196.933 
19.974.956 
47.182,044 
34.624.040 
12.558.004 


244.267.542 


346.222 
420,291 
2,032,798 
822..565 
3.945,209 
7,411.675 
9,356.980 
2.117.002 
13,374,676 
3.158,126 
4.811,841 
918.110 
3,428,975 
5.806,193 
1.622.094 
4.212,794 
10,530.432 
87.920 
832,036 


709,555 


theJ^ql^^Vfi  ^^''%^"^  ^°^°°K  the  population,  650, 
inese  dyi,316  were  from  contiguous  countries,  112  797 
from  the  United  Kingdom,  13,076  wen.  of  Europ;.n, 
10,394  were  of  African  and  other  origin. 


■ 


1.802,629 


70,888.854 
315.156.396 


502  persons  not  born  in  India.  Of 
from  other  Asiatic  countries,  122,919 
American  or  Australasian  birth,  and 


INDIA 


459 


Population  of  the  principal  cities  and  towns: 


Towns 


Population!  I 


Towna 


Population 


Calcutta . 

Bombay 

Madras..... 
Hyderabad. . 

Rangoon 

Lucknow . .  • . 

Delhi 

Lahore  •  •  ,•  • 
AhmedAbad . 
Benares. ... 
Bangalore. . 

Agra 

Cawpore 

AlIahAb^d.. 

Poona 

Amritaar. . . 

KariVchi 

Mandalay. . 


,222.313 
979.445 
518.660 
500.623 
293.316 
259.798 
232.837 
228.687 
216,777 
203,804 
189,485 
185,449 
178,557 
171,697 
158,856 
152,756 
151,903 
138.299 


Jaipur 

Patna 

Madura 

Bareilly 

Srina^ar .... 
Trichinopoly. 

Meerut 

Surat 

Dacca 

N&gpur 

Jubbulpore . . 

Baroda 

Multan 

PeshAwar .  .  . 
Rawalpindi.. 

Aimer 

Morad&bAd . . 
I  Ambala 


137.098 

136.153 

134.130 

129,462 

126,344 

123.512 

116.227 

114.868 

108,551 

101.415 

100,651 

99,345 

99.243 

97,935 

86,483 

86.222 

81,168 

80,131 


Calicut 

Hyderabad  (Bombay) 

Imphal 

Bhagalpur 

RAmpur 

Sh4hjah4npur 

Mysore 

JuUundur 

SiAIkot 

Aligarh  (KoU) 

Kumbakonam 

Trivandrum 

SahAranpur 

Darbhanga 

Hubli 

SholApur 

Bhavnagar 


78.417 
75,952 
74.650 
74,349 
74,316 
71.778 
71,306 
70,208 
60,318 
64,869 
64,825 
64.647 
63,561 
62.850 
62,628 
61,440 
61,345 
60.694 


Commerce 
Trade  of  the  United  States  with  British  India.    (Statistics  are  for  fiscal  years  ending 
June  30.) . ^^.— —-—====== 


1913 


1914 


1915 


1916 


Exports  to. . . . 
Imports  from. . 


$11,040,039 
67.949.259 


$10,854,591 
73,630.880 


$11,696,094 
51,982.703 


$19,297,016 
71,745.626 


1917 


1918 


1919 


Calendar 
Year  1919 


Exports  to... 
Imports  from . 


$28,396,043 
102.106.682 


$42,395,622 
105.277.743 


$50,501,740 
125,471,468 


$67,505,528 
140.081.000 


Value  of  the  import  and  export  ta-ade  in  merchandise  for  the  years  1917-1918  and 
1918-1919:  _^ ^^=-== 


Classification 


Year  Ended 
March,  1918 


Year  Ended 
March.  1919 


EiPORTS.  including  re-exports 
Imports 


Actual  net  excess  of  exports  over  imports. 


$786,913,050 
488,012.620 


$298,900,430 


$823,574,016 
548.389.663 


$275,184,353 


Value  of  the  principal  imports  of  foreign  merchandise  during  the  twelve  months  ended 
March,  1919,  as  compared  with  the  corresponding  period  the  preceding  year: 


Articles 


Value 


1917-18 


1918-19 


Apparel  (exclusive  of  haberdashery,  hosiery,  and  boots  and  shoes) 

Carriages  and  carts  (including  cycles  and  motor  cars) 

Chemicals 

Coal 

Drugs  and  medicines 

Dyes,  aniline  and  aliearine 

Fruits  and  vegetables 

Glass  and  glassware 

Grain :   Wheat 

Hardware 

I  nstruments,  apparatus,  etc 

Liquors ; 

Machinery  of  all  kinds,  including  belting  for  machinery 

Matches 

Metalt: 

Iron  and  steel 

Copper 

Oils,  mineral 

Paper  and  pasteboard 

Provisions  and  oilman's  stores 

Railway  plant  and  rolling  stock 


$4,204,980 
3,279,696 
8,832,698 
216,073 
4,327,291 
3,173.282 
3,347,503 
5,270.744 
134.640 

5,594.853 

8,109.536 

16,984.085 

7,618,993 

25.169,538 
2.090.324 

11.811.644 
7.498,304 
5,754.474 
1,610,162 


I 


$5,952,702 
2,231.777 
8.086,825 
731,922 
4.758.140 
3. 793, 599 
3,022,745 
4,042,764 
3,266.097 

10,408.795 
7,033,714 

10,709369 
19,006,602 

5.345.039 

40,391,625 
2.226.586 

11.722.425 
8.826.200 
6.287.842 
3.385.462 


Continued  on  page  460 


460 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


INDIA 


461 


Table  Continued: 


Articles 


Salt... 
Spices ,         . 
Stationery. 


Value 


1917-18 


Sugar.  16  D.  S.'  and" above .' .' .' 

Tertiles': 

Cotton — 

Raw 

Twist  and  yarn .  . 
Gray  piece  goods . 


White  piece  goods .  . 
Colored  piece  goods . 


Other  sorts  of  manufactures. 
Dilk — 


Raw 

Manufactures 

Woolen  manufactures! 


S  7,140,128 

6.168,775 

2.091,297 

48.786,014 

1.973.528 


1,334,394 
13,935,061 
59.800.525 
46,085,106 
52,382,357 
11,156.289 


I 


3,768,294 
9,256,732 
6,804.016 


igislnd'l gl^gfa™"'"*'  ^"^^  "'  merchandise  to  foreign  countries  for 


1918-19 

S  7.562.541 

7,816,248 

2,270,060 

49.858,915 

2,884.537 


3,905,528 
28.765.232 
76,547.449 
42.599.719 
38,346,398 
10,201,157 

3,330,632 

12,033.232 

7.053.830 


the  years  1917- 


Articles 


Chemicals:   saltpeter..   . 
Coal 

CofFee 

>-,  .      

ii2*5 , 

Dyes: 

Indigo 

Myrabolans ........... 

Grain,  pulse  and  floor: 

Rice,  in  the  husk 

Rice,  not  in  the  husk .  ..."  *  " 

Wheat 

Wheat  flour 

Barley 

dram  and  maue 

Jawar  and  barja '.    .'      ' 

Pulse '.'.'.. 

Hides  and  skins: 

Hides,  raw 

Skins,  raw '.'.'.', 

Hides,  tanned  or  dressed .. 

Skins,  tanned  or  dressed 

Manures 

•»»  

Manganese  ore .  . . 

S?'^ram :;::::::: 

Mica 

Castor  oil .'.*.'.".'.' 

Coconut  oil . . . 

Oilcakes '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 

Opium 

Rubber,  raw . . . .' ."  .* .' .' .' .' .' .' ." .' .' ,' .' ; 

Seeds,  total.. 

Cantor     

copSi.:::::::::::;:::;:::;- 

Cotton  seed. ... 
Linseed.  .  . 

f^f^' :::::::::::::::: 

Textiles: 

Cotton—^ 

Raw  (including  waste) 

Twist  and  yarn 

Piece  goods ..'.!!!!'. 

Hemp,  raw .'.*.*.*.'.*' 

Jute,  raw 

Gunny  bags — 

Sacking 

Hessian " 

Gunny  cloth — 

Sacking 

Hessian 

Wool,  raw 

Wood,  teak 

Other  timber 


•   •••••«. 


•    ••••••«a,a 


■    ••••• 


1917-18 


$2,879,022 

769,556 

3,221,947 

1,505,370 

4,957,666 
1.534,245 

484.379 
67,030,198 
61,651,417 
4,896,997 
13.108,080 
14.404.840 
685,277 
11,867.447 

10,010.715 
16,036.739 

15,911,508 
6,401.262 
1.537.165 
2,779,421 
3,525,292 
2,799,536 
1.242.580 
1.974,826 
2.301.205 
7.811.381 
5.261.984 

26.674.584 

5.729.817 

682,284 

46,718 

8.088,325 

11.652,024 

67.335.806 


138,394,825 

24,542.408 

17,967,767 

2,577,298 

20,938,278 

42,681,476. 
20,497,049 

1.238.038 
73.616.843 
13,220.009 

1.013.854 
37.310 


Value 


I 


1918-19 


$3,025,341 

506,116 

3,873.085 

1.156,605 

4,050.550 
1.600,754 

680,013 

74,487,622 

21,909,307 

2,642,510 

8,979,341 

11,379,175 

273.497 

2.174.028 

8.481,012 

21,807,435 

23.091,543 

8.279,863 

1,999,483 

2,440,712 

3,656,364 

2,915,034 

1.450.541 

4.754,571 

2,739,515 

10,151,843 

8,124.784 

36.396.229 

7.466.186 

68.131 

67.425 

21,370,748 

9,082,187 

57,669,972 


100.712,217 

23,434,793 

20,932.114 

4.762.681 

41.268,244 

63.124.985 
19.333.966 

2.139.962 

94,206.032 

17.495.068 

1,943.032 

117.120 


Principal  imports  for  the  years  1916  to  1918,  inclusive 


fp^d,  Drink  and  Tobacco 
Fruits  and  vegetables: 
Dates 


Liquors: 
Ale,  beer,  and  porter. 


Spirit. 

Provisions  and  oilman's  Stores: 

Biscuits  and  cakes -. 

Canned  and  bottled  provisions 

Farinaceous  and  patent  foods  •  .  • ;  •  •  •  •  •. .•  • 

Milk,  condensed  and  preserved,  including  milk 

cream 

Spices: 

Betelnuts 

Cloves • "  • 

"sSar.  1ft  D-  S-  ^^  *^^® 

MoU^ees 

'T'g  j^ .......•• • 

Other  Food  and  Drink: 

Salt 

Tobacco: 

II.  Raw*material8  and  produce  and  articles  mainly 
unmanufactured : 
Coal,  coke  and  patent  fuel: 
Coal 


OUs 

Kerosene •  •  •.  • 

Other  kinds  of  mineral  oil 

Textile  materials: 

Cotton,  raw ' 

Silk,  raw 

Wood  and  Timber: 

Wood  (timber) 

Miscellaneous: 

Precious  stones  and  pearls,  unset 

Ill   Articles  wholly  or  mainly  manufactured: 
Apparel : 

Boots  and  sboes ■ 

Gold  and  silver  thread 

Carriages  and  carts: 

Motor  cars  and  motor  cycles  and  parts. . 
Chemicals,  Drugs  and  Medicines: 

Chemicals .  ••••.•. 

Drugs  and  medicines 

Cutiery,  Hardware,  Implements,  etc.: 

Hardware 

Instruments,  electrical v  L* " "  J  * 

III.  Articles  whoUy  or  mainly  manufactiired: 
Dyes  and  Colours: 

Alizarine  dyes ;  • 

Aniline  dyes '•  • 

Paints  and  colours 

Glassware  and  Earthenware: 

Glass  and  glassware 

Earthenware  and  porcelain 

Machinery  of  all  kinds:  . 

Prime  movers,  other  than  electrical 

Electrical  machinery 

Textile  machinery: 

Cotton 

Jute 

Others "•!"''«' 

Metals,  Iron  and  Steel  and  Manufactures  thereof: 

Bars  and  channel  (steel) • 

Beams,  pillars,  girders,  and  bridgework 

Pipes  and  fittings,  cast 

Sheets  and  Plates 

Metals  o^er  than  Iron  and  Stew; 

Copper,  wrought • v  •,'  VV' 

Tin.  Unwrought,  blocks,  ingots,  bars,  and  slabs 
Paper,  Pasteboard  and  Stationery: 

Paper 

Stationery 


$2,146,482 


1.698,244 

4,023.214 

913.820 

1,975,920 
2,483,800 
1.613,233 

1,181.130 

3.982.740 
1.212,885 

46,365,595 

1,634,967 

926.422 

6.125.033 

3.320.633 


298,141 

9,676.711 
4.887.041 

671,097 
3,524,107 

2.450.373 

2.218,774 


1,749.823 
1.336.004 

6,503,647 

5.947.371 

4.748.297 

9.667.973 
3.816.436 


222.772 
1,022,995 
3.109,685 

4,623.731 
1,642.932 

1.503.907 
1,294.198 

4.122,791 

3.617.400 

97.870 

1,698.540 

513.930 

1.275.361 

9.242,407 

682,066 
1.143.401 

6.990.317 
2.548,185 


$2,648,607 


1,553.873 

4.309.104 

843,107 

355,742 
1.538.355 
1.412,753 

1.217,911 

4.012.951 
1,223.276 

45.047,811 
1,006,185 
1,428,266 

6.610.051 

4,027,375 


403,773 

6.216.824 
6.478,287 

911.808 
3,524,335 

4,282,238 

2,118,760 


1,026,072 
1,316,379 

3,879,864 

8,010,869 
4,055,815 

8,910,406 
3,581,290 


346,304 
2,556.607 
2,516,245 

5,096,934 
1.208.856 

927,351 
1.183.861 

3,650.953 

2,559,796 

108.888 

1.014.141 

172.860 

645.432 

11.114.611 

1,172.027 
1.419.776 

6.077.084 
2,058.778 


$2,041,894 


2,292,651 

5,114,600 

875.849 

165,803 
1,900,420 
1.719,064 

701,570 

5.063.235 
1.335.343 

50.991.955 

559.837 

2.742.930 

7.772.510 

5.244,683 


624.432 

5,290,989 
5,723.009 

4.031.637 
3.710.760 

2.014.095 

1,003,327 


795,314 
579,496 

982.983 

8.142,687 
4.300.317 

9,259,033 
4.075.945 


660.012 
3,352,753 
8,255.859 

4.329.637 
1.557.022 

881.812 
900.018 

4,581,220 

1,373.644 

148,373 

5,137,520 
113.097 
884.957 

8.805.134 

1.668.519 
1,657.028 

7,637.203 
2,071.434 


\ 


Continued  on  page  462 


462 


f 


EXPORTERS  GAZETTEER  OP  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Table  Continued: 


Principal  Articles 


1916 


R^way  plant  and  roUinc-stock* 

T^'^^*^  ^""^  '''^°'*8  ««<*  PaJ-ta  thereof 

Material  for  construction! . .' 

Yanis  and  textile  fabrics:  

Cotton  yam 

Piecegoods:  

Cotton,  grey 

Cotton,  white !.'.'..! 

Cotton,  coloured,  printed*  or  dy^.'." '  * 

Hosiery  (cotton) 

Haberdashery  and  mil'lineVy 

8iUc  yam,  noila.  and  warpsf. ..    \ 

SJk  piecegoods ^ 

Woof  

Wool  Shawls 

Miscellaneous  i 

Building  cement 

Matches '. 

Soap i 

Tea  chests.  ....*.','.'.".'..' 

TU^^n^  »*<l"i8ite8  for  games  and  spc^rto." .' ."  " 
Umbrellas  and  umbrella  fittings. , .  .V. .    


1917 


IV    Miscellaneous  and  unclassified: 
Animals,  living: 

Horses 

Articles  imported  by  jiost 


S2,782,456 

1,372,323 
2.626.164 

12.839,308 

56,348.050 

41,653,762 

43,737,837 

3,900,825 

4.421,696 

1.217,745 

6,303,201 

3,800,996 

97.272 

1,849,035 
3,735,357 
3,184,349 
3,042,918 
1,273,470 
1.289,878 


2,246,024 
6,449.775 


•  1,086.705 

378,341 
254,143 

11376,245 

56,136,513 

45.989.426 

56,863.474 

4.029,741 

3,117.160 

1.396,618 

6.246,315 

6.004,393 

25.291 

2,722.013 
6,165,920 
3,439,402 
2,176.000 
754,169 
895,046 


1,640.789 
10.725.159 


1918 


»1.793.46l 

665,047 
103.974 

28,050.816 

73.111.662 

44.363.649 

42.405.205 

2.546,712 

2.940,931 

1.872,664 

9.274,255 

6.431.171 

8,825 

1.347,663 
6.938,393 
3,411,890 
3.240,759 
1.064,889 
683,671 


1.972,533 
14.153.189 


Exports  of  Indian  merchandise  for  the  years  1916  to  1918: 


Articles 


1916 


^°?^;  ^"n*f.  "nd  Tobacco: 

^ish  (excluding  canned  fish) 
bruits  and  Vegetables.. 

Oram,  Pulse,  and  flour. 

Liquors ' ' ' ' 

Provisions  and  oilman's  stores. 

Sugar. 

Tea .'.'.*.*.'.'." 

Other  food  and  drink  .* . 
Tobacco 


1917 


1918 


Total,  Class  I. 


$1,583,578 

1.945,798 

105,853,346 

18,492 

1,966,117 

2,775,006 

816,300 

55,387.189 

2.862,695 

1,701,311 


II. 


^^  iniiaSJJlir  ^  P^^^"^«  ^^  ^^^^^  "-i-Oy 


unmanufactured: 
Coal,  coke,  and  patent  fuel.. 

Uums,  resma,  and  lac...  

Hides  and  skins,  raw       

si's.Su™.":'! .  ■?"■' '  *"'■'' '  °'  ■  ««'■  ■'"'■  '^ 

Oils. .  

X     : 

Seeds 

Tallow,  stearine."  and  wax.". '. 

lextile  materials.  ...  

Wood  and  timber '. 

Miscellaneous 


Total.  Class  II. 


'^AptlSll**  ^^^^^  °^  ™*^*^y  nianufactured: 

Arms,  ammunition'and  military 'stores 

c^^  ''^^  including    cycles  aiui  motor 


1174,914,832 


$2,601,037 

8,122.493 

40,272,963 

7,061,021 

4,646,524 

62,802,169 

302,014 

176.158.495 

2.096,526 

9,829.860 

$303,893,102 


$1,329,122 
1.742,028 

160,263,534 

408 

2,287,810 

3,604,059 

511,126 

48,840,560 
4,227,330 
1.429,530 


$1,499,305 
1.687,440 

164,851,006 

38 

2,053,947 

3,309,752 

1,308,836 

65,280,385 
2,137,661 
2,238,496 


t224,235.507  $234,366,866 


$1,227,431 
11,584,592 
36,317,744 

6,933,684 

6,920,471 

33.270,549 

328,297 

166,452,382 

1.733,887 

11.079,036 

$273,848,072 


$410,344 
145 

9,413 


$351,042 
145 

10,750 


$254,391 
12,067,554 
22,193,433 

7,829,387 

10,595,626 

31,048,673 

229,926 

140,159,211 

1,439.470 

12,255,884 


$238,073,563 


$416,327 
972 

21,038 


INDIA 


463 


Table  Continued: 


Articles 


1916 


1917 


1918 


Chemicals,  drugs,  and  medicines 

Chitlery,  hardware,    implements  (except  machine 

tools),  and  instruments 

Djes  and  colours • 

Furniture,  cabinetware,  and  manufacture  of  wood 

Glassware  and  earthenware 

Hides  and  skins,  tanned  or  dressed,  and  leather.  . 

Machinery  of  all  kinds,  including  belting 

Metals,  iron  and  steel,  and  manufactures  thereof.. 
Metals,  other  iron  and  steel,  and   manufactures 

thereof 

Paper,  pasteboard,  and  stationery 

Railway  plant  and  rolling  stock 

Yarns  and  textile  fabrics 

Miscellaneous 

Total,  Class  III 

IV.  Miscellaneous  and  unclassified 

Total 


$10,900,411 

163,835 

12,134,861 

108,222 

37,008 

27,302.940 

12,154 

1,787,362 

2,235,129 

86,543 

53,984 

175,940,718 

10,300,833 


$241,483,902 


$7,215,978 


$727,507,814 


$11,386,425 

100,883 

7.788,237 

84,204 

42,845 

26.056,987 

22,074 

1,337,015 

1,999,661 

119,634 

35,772 

164,416,677 

9,510,699 


$223,641,050 


$6,147,793 


$727,872,422 


$15,111,489 

70.304 

7,298,062 

205,764 

36,790 

19.493,469 

17,287 

229,698 

840.936 

126,510 

69,993 

223,261,202 

9.727.989 


$276,927,830 


6,850,024 


$756,218,283 


Production  and  Industry 

Agriculture:  The  principal  industry  of  India  is  agriculture.  In  general,  two  crops 
are  reaped  in  the  year,  but  not  from  the  same  land.  In  the  area  of  the  summer  monsoon 
rains,  one  crop  is  sown  in  the  first  weeks  of  the  monsoon,  June  and  July,  and  harvested 
in  October  and  November.  The  other  is  sown  at  the  end  of  the  monsoon,  and  harvested 
from  January  to  March.  The  winter  crops  in  Northwestern  India  are  wheat,  barley  and 
linseed ;  the  principal  district  of  production  is  the  Punjab  and  Northwest  Provinces.  Millets, 
pulses  and  oilseeds  are  the  staple,  universal  crops;  cotton  is  grown  on  the  southern  table- 
land, opium  in  the  valley  of  the  Ganges,  rice  in  Bengal,  where  there  are  two  harvests  a 
year,  jute  in  northern  and  eastern  Bengal,  indigo  in  Bengal  and  Madras,  and  less  extensively 
in  the  Punjab,  tea  in  Assam  and  to  a  lesser  extent  in  Bengal,  Madras,  and  the  Punjab. 

Acreage  and  produce  of  principal  crops  for  two  years: 


Name  of  crops 


1916-17 


Acreage 


Produce 


1917-18 


Acreage 


Produce 


Continued  on  page  463 


Rice 

Wheat 

Cotton 

Linseed,  pure 

Linseed,  mixed 

Rape  and  mustard,  pure . . 
Rape  and  mustard,  mixed 

Sesamum,  pure 

Sesamum,  mixed 

Groundnut 

Jute 

Indigo 

Sugarcane 

Tea 


Acres 
80.080,000 
32,940,000 

21.745,000 

2,889,000 
675.000 
3,995,000 
2,500,000 
4,023,000 
1,000,000 
2.334.000 

2,736.000 
770.000 

2,416.000 
648.900 


Tons 
34,791,000 
10,234,000 
Bales 
4,502,000 
Tons 
388,000 
138,000 
723,200 
468,000 
433,000 
80,000 
1,196,000 
Bales 
8,864,600 

lbs. 

10,718,400 

Tons 

2,730,000 

lbs. 

368.428,700 


Acres 
79,712,000 
35,513,000 

24,781,000 

3,043,000 
695,000 
4,109,000 
2,815,000 
3,492,000 
850,000 
1,894,000 

2.497.200 
690,600 

2,796,000 
664,300 


Tons 
35,952.000 
10,162,000 
Bales 
4,036.000 
Tons 
390,000 
117.000 
711.200 
405.000 
319.000 
67,000 
1,042.000 
Bales 
6,945,600 

Ibe. 

9.833,600 

Tons 

3,266,000 

Ibe. 

370.180,800 


464 


EXPORTERS  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


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INDIA 


465 


Irrigation  is  practised  throughout  India;  in  1916-1917,  48,003,917  acr^  V'^^'t^'Z 
irri  Jthe  largest  amount  of  irrigated  land,  12,195,715  acres  being  m  the  Punjab,  and 
irrigaiw,  wuc      k.  Madras     In  the  same  year,  of  a  total  area  of  748,- 

r5?^^a^r4S7?;e':Xp^.tS3,149we.faUo:,U2,485,3^ 

'.    .^^«  411  598  were  not  cultivable.    There  were  85,070,524  acres  of  forest.    Of 
:rtf^t^SSr21  SoSi  acres  were  irrigated  by  canals.  7,200,000  by  tanks  and 

''•'SSW  and  bleached  piece-goods  during  the  twelve  months  ending  March. 
1919;  in  thousands  of  pounds: 


Shirtings  and  longcloth. . .  .  .  • 

T  cloths,  domestics  and  sheetings. 
Dhuties 


86.160 
24,641 
77,777 


Chadars •  • 

Colored  piece  goods. 


12.972 
85,601 


Total  value  of  goods  woven  in  Indian  mills  durmg  12  months  ending  March,  1919, 
$144,009,576. 

Details  of  principal  manufacturing  industries  in  India  for  1915: 


Woolen  Mills: 

Mills,  number • 

Capital  employed,  so  far  as  known 

Production • 

Persons  employed,  number 

Paper  Mills: 

Mills,  number ... • 

Capital  employed,  so  far  as  known    . 

Production,  tons 

Persons  employed,  number. .. 

Arms    and    Ammunition    Factories    and 
Arsenals  (Government): 

Works,  number 

Persons  employed,  number 

Breweries : 

Breweries • 

Production,  per  1,000  gallons 

Persons  employed,  number. .  .  ••••■•.• 
Cotton  Ginning,  Cleaning  and  Pressmg 
Mills  and  Factories: 

Mills,  number •  •. 

Persons  employed,  number 

Dockyards: 

Dockyards,  number 

Persons  employed,  number 

Iron  and  Brass  Foundries: 

Foundries  number  ••  ••  • 

Persons  employed,  number 

lute  Presses: 

Presses,  number • 

Persons  employed,  number 


$8,310,600 

44,595.360 

6,074 

9 

$1,469,340 

304 

4,665 


13 
20,741 

18 

2,533 

922 


1,345 
108,298 

14 
19,269 

62 
27,244 

130 
26,883 


Lac  Factories : 

Factories,  number 

Persons  employed,  number 

Petroleum  Refineries: 

Refineries,  number 

Persons  employed,  number 

Printing  Presses: 

Works,  number 

Persons  employed,  number 

Railway  Workshops  and  Other  Factories 

Works,  number 

Persons  employed,  number 

Rice  Mills: 

Mills,  number 

Persons  employed,  number 

Saw  Mills: 

Mills,  number 

Persons  employed,  number 

Silk  Filatures: 

Filatures,  number 

Persons  employed,  number 

Sugar  Factories: 

Works,  number 

Persons  employed,  number 

Tile  Factories: 

Works,  number •  • 

Persons  employed,  number 


29 

3,728 

9 

10,063 

152 
36,338 

104 

127.506 

378 
37.731 

124 

10,950 

6 
559 

29 
8,558 

164 
22.217 


In  1917  there  were  2,513  joint  stock  companies  registered  in  India  with  a  total  paid 
up  capital  of  $294  413  940.    Of  these  companies  599,  with  a  capital  of  $29,777,220  were 
engagedinbankingand  insurance;  54,  with  a  capital  of  $29,064,680  operated  railways  and 
tramways;  757,  with  a  capital  of  $48,445,040  were  engaged  in  miscellaneous   ^a^mg;  251. 
with  a  capital  of  $15,804,720,  were  engaged  in  tea-plantmg;  153,  with  a  capital  of  $19  940  - 
580,  were  engaged  in  coal  mining;  there  were  197  cotton  mills  with  a  capital  of  $54,597,240; 
44  jute  mUls  had  a  capital  of  $28,183,140;  there  were  15  mills  for  silk,  hemp  and  wool,  with 
a  total  capital  of  $6,468,660;  132  companies  had  cotton  and  jute  screws  and  presses,  and 
had  a  capital  of  $8,708,120;  18  companies  with  a  total  capital  of  «2.842,820  engaged  in 
the  sugar  business,  and  there  were  40  land  and  buUding  companies  with  a  capital  of  $9  408,- 
960      There  were  624  foreign  companies  working  in  India  in  1914,  engaged  m  radways 
navigation,    jute   mills,    rice   mills,  tea   planting,    and   mining. 


I 


466 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


INDIA 


467 


Mineral  Production: 

Value  of  mineral  production  of  the  Empire  and  native  states: 


Mineral 


Coal 

Gold ;;;;;; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;  • 

Petroleum .....' 

Manganese  ore 

Salt 

Saltpetre 

Lead  and  lead  ore . . . . 

Tungsten  ore 

Building  materiala  and  road 

metal 

Mica 

Tin  ore  and  tin! ........ 

Jadestone .'...' 

Ruby,  sapphire  aiid  spinel 

Monazite 

Iron  ore .....[., 

Silver 

Copper  ore , ' 

Alum 


$18,849,821 
11,192,691 
5,440,308 
7,226,946 
3,539.819 
2,952.391 
1.984,741 
2,417,349 

1,017.363 

1,514,764 

191,007 

237,780 

182.313 

182.318 

184,687 

431,018 

15,838 

30,156 


$21,926,594 
10,798,380 
5.311.805 
7.295,248 
4,778,143 
2.564,456 
2,481,219 
3.028,139 

1.213,911 

2,469,720 

323,350 

328,059 

251,898 

274,536 

194,288 

1,152,869 

146,687 

18,016 


Magnesite.. 
Clay 

Chromite .  .  . 

Steatite 

Agate 

Gypsum .  . . . 
Diamond.  .  . 

Ochre 

Corundum . . 
Antimony. ., 

Amber 

Graphite 

Platinum .  .  . 
Molybdenite . 

Beauxite 

Asbestos 

Bismuth ... 


$68,355 
22.574 
79.708 
12,772 
3,805 
3,620 
1,754 
4,573 
13,525 
2,444 
763 
7,294 
223 
981 
2,250 


Total  value . 


$57,815,851 


$70,75fi 
43,832 

127,409 
31,444 
1.239 
5.025 
8,874 
7.921 

18,827 

675 

3,324 

2,658 

92 

3,042 

3,013 

1.472 

790 


$64,887,611 


Railways  and  Roads: 

uniJ^^:Z^^  tr  1  marLr Vlme<^,  J'*"^  ^^^  approximate.^  55.982 
The  Ganges,  Brahmaputn.,  ^f  anTtwld"  Sh1i,T*  ^  '"''"  '"  '^'^'^"■ 
for  inland  travel,  as  are  the'  canals  in  L  ^^^.fherr t^'jl'r  "  "*  '^"'^''^  "^ 
Post  Offices,  Telegraphs: 

r>i^o^fZ'z:z^"'^::^^'^'f,f^^^  i-r-  -^,  t  ^otai  of  1,14,922.768 

of  wire,  which  carried  19,897,78Sme^g^  °'  **'''^'""'  ""•'  "'">  ^'-^  ^'^ 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures: 

India  is  on  a  gold  basis,  the  unit  beini?  the  ruoee  wifh  «  r.        i       *  . 
currency.    The  rupee  is  divided  into  16  annas  theZa  inT.^9  ^     ^^u'  °^  ^"^^^  ^^^' 
rupees  is  caUed  a  Ukh,  or  Qac),  and  is  3n  1  00^     ^OO  ,rh    ^"  '""^  ^'  '^'^ 
crore  is  signified  10,00,00,000.  i,W,000.    100  lakhs  are  a  crore,  and  the 

The  principal  weights  and  measures  are  the  matind   wK.VT.  ;«  d 
to  82.287  pounds,  in  Bombay  is  equivalent  to  nearTy  28  L^^^^^^^        I"  J     ""  '^^^"^''^* 
pounds;  the  tola,  equivalent  to  180  grains  and  the  If  Tl    '  '^  ^^^^  ^  ""^^y  ^5 
1  yard,  in  Bombay  is  equivalent  to  ^7^^  ^'        "^  '"^  ^°«"^  ^  ^^^^^^^'^^  ^ 

Language:  Commercial  language,  English. 

Local  Advertising  Media: 

In  order  to  cover  the  whole  of  India  in  anv  rAmn«;.,r,  ;*  • 
of  Bombay  for  the  western  part,  the  prl  of  M^ff^.K  ''  Tu'^'^'^  ^  *^«  P^^ 
Calcutta  for  the  eastern  part.'    TheTar^  S    xceUe^"^^^^^^^^^^  *°n*'^  ''^  '' 
one  with  a  national  circulation  in  Bombay     ThTre  ar^  I -t""         ^^,  '''  ^^'"""*  ^°^ 
and  commercial  ,.views   published  in  Slcuftt  ^d^'X 
pnbhcations  in  native  languages  in  each  of  these  clul  ^*  """^  ''^'"^^ 


Shipping  Routes: 

American  &  Indian  Line. 

Grace  Line. 

Nippon  Yusen  Kaisha. 

^"^  T^he  customs  tariff  of  British  India  levies  specific  duties  based  on  weight  on  some 
commodities,  and  ad  valorem  duties  of  23^  and  7^  per  cent  upon  others.    Certam  specifiwi 
articles  such  as  various  kinds  of  machinery  for  cotton  mills,  and  various  kmds  of  agricul- 
tural machinery  when  constructed  so  aa  t«  be  capable  of  operation  by  manual  or  animal 
power,  are  admitted  free. 

Consular  Regulations:  No  consular  documents  are  required. 

Cable  Rates:  Via  Azores,  or  Indo  $0.66  per  word  from  New  York  or  New  England  states. 
Postal  Rates:  Postal  Union  rates. 
MaU  Time:  Bombay,  23  days;  Calcutta,  26  days;  Madras,  24  days. 

^"""L^i^  extends  to  India.  Limit  of  weight-11  pounds.  Parcels  can  not  be  registered. 
DeUvery  charges  are  coUected  as  follows:  one  to  three  pounds,  24  cents;  four  to  seven 
pounds,  48  cents;  eight  to  eleven  pounds,  72  cents. 

Money  Orders:  Issued. 
International  Reply  Coupons:  Issued. 


FRENCH  DEPENDENCIES  IN  INDIA 

French  possessions  in  India  cover  about  196  square  miles.  There  are  five  separate 
colonies  with  population  estimated  as  foUows:  Pondichery,  166,793;  Karikal,  56,548; 
Chandemagar,  27,356;  Mah6,  11,063;  Yanaon,  5,157;  total  266,917.  The  chief  towns  and 
their  population  are:  Pondichery,  47,321;  and  Karikal,  18,432.  *,      *  «.  nnn 

The  principal  crops  of  Pondichery  are  paddy,  ground-nut  and  ragi.  About  50,000 
acres  are  under  rubber,  in  1917  they  produced  1,207,000  pounds.  In  Pondichery  there  are 
four  cotton  mills  and  at  Chandemagar  there  is  one  jute  mill;  the  former  have  1,622  looms 
and  171,213  spindles,  and  employ  7,335  persons.    There  are  two  oil  factories,  and  some 

oil  compressing  plants.  ,     .  ^  ,.  .      e 

The  chief  exports  from  Pondichery  are  oil  seeds.    In  1917.  the  ^^Po^s  at  the  porta  of 

Pondichery,  Karikal  and  Mah6  amounted  to  $2,552,465  and  exports  to  $3,930,700. 

Total  length  of  railway  is  43  miles  from  Pondichery  to  Villapuram  and  Peralam  to 

Karikal. 

Shipping  Routes: 

American  and  Indian  Line. 

American-Asiatic  S.  S.  Co. 
Customs  Tariff:  The  provisions  are  those  of  the  French  tariff,  with  special  duties  for 

spirits,  salt  tobacco  and  opium.  • 

Consular  Regulations:  No  consular  documents  are  required. 


468 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OP  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Cable  Rates:  From  New  York  or  New  England  states,  10.66  per  word. 

Postal  Rates:  Postal  Union  rates. 

Mail  Time:  Twenty-four  days. 

Parcels  Post: 

Service  extends  to  French  India.    The  regulations  are  the  same  as  those  for  British 
India. 

Money  Orders:  Not  issued. 

International  Reply  Coupons:  Issued. 


PORTUGUESE  DEPENDENCIES  IN  INDU 

The  Portuguese  dependencies  in  India  are:  G6a,  on  the  Malabar  coast,  capital  Panjin; 
Damao,  about  100  miles  north  of  Bombay  and  Din,  a  small  island  about  140  miles  west  of 
Damao.  The  chief  industry  is  the  salt  works,  of  which  there  are  501  in  G6a,  employing 
1,968  men,  with  an  annual  production  approximating  12,200  tons;  there  are  eleven  salt 
works  in  Damao  and  five  in  Din.  Manganese  deposits  were  discovered  near  MormugSo  in 
1906.  There  are  six  concerns  operating  about  twenty  mines.  There  are  51  miles  of  railway 
connecting  Mormugao  with  British  India. 

The  chief  exports  of  Portuguese  India  are:     cocoanuts,  fresh  and  salted  fish,  spices 
caju-nuts,  salt,  and  copra.    Imports  and  exports  for  1914  and  1916  were  as  follows : 


Year 


Imports 


Exports 


Year 


Imports 


Exports 


1914. 


$3,026,268 


$969,857 


1916. 


$3,838,062 


$1,305,729 


The  trade  is  mainly  transit.    There  are  18  telegraph  offices  and  167  miles  of  telegraph 
line  in  Portuguese  India. 

Shipping  Routes: 

There  are  no  direct  lines  from  New  York  to  Portuguese  India,  goods  are  ordinarily 
shipped  via  Hong  Kong  or  British  Indian  ports. 

Customs  Tariff:  The  tariflf  is  a  combination  of  specific  and  ad  valorem  duties.  Goods 
and  merchandise  of  national  production  and  goods  nationalized  in  Portugal  and 
adjacent  islands  pay  50  per  cent  of  the  regular  duties. 

Consular  Regulations:  No  consular  documents  are  required. 

Cable  Rates:  From  New  York  or  New  England  states,  $0.66  per  word. 

Postal  Rates:  Postal  Union  rates. 

Mail  Time:  Twenty-four  days. 

Parcels  Post: 

Goods  can  be  sent  to  Portuguese  India  by  parcel  post  via  England  at  the  regular  12 
cent  rate  plus  transit  charges. 

Money  Orders:  Not  issued. 

International  Reply  Coupons:  Not  issued. 


JAPAN 


469 


JAPAN 

The  Empire  of  Japan  consists  of  the  five  islands  of  Honshiu  (the  mainland),  Kiushiu, 
Shikoku,  Hokkaido  (Yezo),  and  Taiwan  (Formosa),  besides  numerous  smaller  islands 
among  which  are  the  Hokoto  (Pescadores)  Islands,  the  peninsula  of  Chosen  (Korea)  and 
southern  half  of  the  island  of  Karafuto.  By  treaty  of  1915  the  Chinese  Government  ex- 
tended  Japan's  lease  of  territory  on  the  Peninsula  of  Liaotung  including  the  towns  of 
Port  Arthur  and  Dalny,  and  the  railway  between  Port  Arthur  and  Chang-Chun  for  ninety- 
nine  years  Another  treaty  with  China  promulgated  in  the  same  year  gave  Japan  exclusive 
mining  and  colonization  rights  in  eastern  Mongolia;  the  rights  formerly  enjoyed  by  Germany 
with  respect  to  the  Province  of  Shantung,  and  the  port  of  Kiau-Chau ;  and  also  gave  Japan 
preferential  rights  to  railway,  mining,  and  financial  development  in  South  Manchuria  as 
well  as  inner  Eastern  Magnolia. 

The  principal  commercial  cities  of  Japan  are  Tokio,  the  capital,  which  is  not  quite  as 
large  as  Chicago;  Osaka,  which  is  about  as  large  as  Philadelphia,  Yokohama,  Kob4  and 
Nagasaki. 

The  principal  industries  of  Japan  are  agriculture  and  manufacturing.  Of  agricultural 
crops  the  most  important  are  rice,  more  than  one  half  of  the  acreage  devoted  to  this  crop 
being  under  irrigation;  tea,  barley,  rye,  wheat,  millet,  sweet  potatoes  and  cotton.    Rice  is 


470 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


JAPAN 


471 


not  only  the  most  important  foodstuff  of  Japan,  but  is  likewise  used  in  brewing  the  national 
beverage  "sak6."  An  important  industry  closely  related  to  agriculture  is  sericulture  in 
which  a  large  proportion  of  the  population  is  engaged,  and  which  is  the  principal  subsidikrv 
occupation  of  most  agricultural  famihes.  The  agricultural  holdings  in  Japan  are  according 
to  our  standards  almost  uneconomically  smaU,  over  60  per  cent  being  under  one  acre  in 
size.  ^ 

The  principal  mineral  products  of  Japan  are  copper,  coal  and  petroleum,  but  Japan 
18  absolutely  destitute  of  iron,  and  is  therefore  a  large  importer  of  both  pig  iron  and  steel. 

Japanese  manufacturing  industries  are  various  and  important,  and  among  Asiatic 

nations  Japan  is  the  only  one  which  has  successfully  organized  its  manufactures  to  the 

point  where  they  have  become  a  powerful  factor  in  international  trade.    Of  these  industries 

the  production  of  textiles  is  the  most  conspicuous;  cotton  yams,  cotton  goods  and  silk 

goods  are  manufactured  and  largely  exported,  as  are  woolens  and  hemp.    The  ceramic 

mdustry,  the  manufacture  of  paper,  of  matches,  and  of  toys  and  novelties  are  Ukewise 

important.    Recently  the  chemical  industry,  the  glass  industry,  the  refining  of  sugar  the 

manufacture  of  tinned  foodstuffs  and  the  shipping  and  shipbuilding  industries  have  been 

extensively  developed.     As  an  illustration  of  the  expansion  of  Japan's  manufacturing 

mdustnes  it  is  of  mterest  to  note  that  during  the  five  years  from  1914  to  1918  the  tot^ 

investment  m  the  formation  of  new  enterprises  and  the  expansion  of  old  ones  amounted 

to  $3,456,435,579  of  which  $1,994,825,196  was  invested  in  new  enterprises  and  $1,461  610  - 

401  was  mvested  in  the  further  expansion  of  enterprises  already  in  existence.        '      '      ' 

Japan's  railway  mileage  is  extensive,  and  the  system  is  complete.    A  large  mercantile 

manne  is  hkewise  operated,  and  Japanese  shipping  is  to  be  found  in  aU  of  the  world's 

pnncipal  ports. 

The  total  foreign  trade  of  Japan  in  1919  amounted  to  $2,258,365,758.  Imports  were 
valued  at  $1148,642,976,  and  exports  at  $1,109,722,782.  Per  capita  imports  amounted 
to  $21.52,  and  exports  to  $20.79.  The  per  capita  share  of  the  total  foreign  trade  amounted 
to  $42.31. 

Area  and  Population 

The  population  of  Japan  proper  (excluding  Formosa,  the  Pescadores,  and  Chosen) 
according  to  the  census  of  1913  was  53,362,682,  of  whom  26,964,586  were  males  and 
26,398,096  females. 

The  population  of  Chosen  is  16,913,225;  of  Taiwan,  3,710,850;  of  Karafuto.  95,200. 
Distribution  of  urban  and  rural  population: 


Population 


Under  500 

501  —      2.000 

2,001  —      6.000 

5.001  —    10,000 

10.001—    20.000 

20,001—    50.000 

50.001  —  100,000, 

Over  100,000, 

Total 


Population 


42.522 
3,413.627 
24.345.915 
12,105.244 
4,496,820 
2.933,888 
1,855,550 
6,937,704 

65.131.270 


Population  in  cities,  according  to  census  of^jlg: 


Cities 


Population 


Cities 


Population 


Akita.. 

Aoroori 

Aaahigawa... 

Fukui 

JTukuoka .  . . . 
Fukushima. . 

Gif  u 

Hakodate .  .  . 
Hamamatsu . 

Himeji 

Birosaki 

Hiroflhima.. 
Kagoshima. , 
Kanaxawa. . 

KoW 

Kochi 

Kofu 

Kokura. . .  . 
Kumamoto . 

Kure 

Kurum6 

Kyoto 

Marugame.. 
Mataumoto . 
Matsuyama. 
Matsuye  .  . 
Mayebashi . 

Mito 

Moji 

Morioka . . . . 
Nagano .... 
Nagaoka. . . 
Nagasaki.. . 
Nagoya . . . . 

Nara 

Nawa 


36.560 
47,077 
63.275 
56.218 
97,303 
33.981 
51,647 
99.795 
43,012 
40,316 
38,586 
167,130 
75.907 
129.804 
442,167 
39.162 
53.672 
38,139 
68,167 
128,342 
39.292 
509.380 
28.685 
39,653 
45,189 
38,631 
50,061 
43,215 
71.977 
43,527 
41.112 
39.354 
161,174 
452.043 
40,938 
55.547 


Niigata 

Oita 

Okayama 

Onomichi 

Osaka 

Otaru 

Otsu 

Saga 

Sakai 

Sapporo 

Sasebo 

Sendai 

Shimonoseki 

Shisuoka 

Shuri 

Takamatsu 

Takaoka 

Takasaki 

Takata 

Tokushima 

Tokyo 

Tottori 

Toyama 

Toyohashi 

Tsu 

Uji-Yamada 

Utsunomiya 

WakamatBU  (Fukushima^ken) , 

Wakamatsu  (Fukouka-ken) . . . 

Wakayama 

Yamagata 

Yokkaichi 

Yokohama 

Yokosuka 

Yonezawa 


66,622 
38,905 
86,961 
31.268 

1.395.823 
92,864 
44.100 
36.667 
67.706 
96.924 
94.914 
104.141 
72,117 
64.108 
24.102 
41.837 
38.045 
44.096 
32,403 
70.292 

2,050.126 
37.278 
64.822 
54.673 
47.295 
40.357 
54.049 
41.828 
34.519 
77.683 
45.371 
33.812 
397,574 
85,473 
38.265 


Emigration: 

On  June  30,1917,  there  were  343,826  Japanese  in  China  including  Manchuria;  29,627 
in  southern  Asia,  Australia  and  the  PhiUppines;  1,464  in  Europe;  13,823  in  Canada;  101,645 
in  Hawaii;  112,293  in  the  United  States;  13,995  in  Asiatic  Russia;  1,169  in  Mexico;  28,657 
in  South  America.  These  figures  are  low,  since  there  is  a  large  number  of  stowaways  not 
accounted  for. 

Immigration: 

During  1914,  18,013  foreigners  visited  Japan.  In  1915  the  figure  was  14,836;  m  1916, 
19,908;  in  1917,  22,428  of  whom  5,196  were  American,  3,868  British,  9,621  Chinese  and 

7,780  Russian. 

Commerce 

The  total  foreign  trade  of  Japan  for  the  calendar  year  1919  amounted  to  $2,258,365,758. 

Imports  amounted  to  $1,148,642,976  and  exports  amounted  to  $1,109,722,782. 

Total  foreign  commerce  of  the  United  States  with  Japan  for  eleven  years:  


Year 

ended 

June 

30— 


Exports 


Domestic 


Foreign 


Total 


Imports 


Free 


DutiaUe 


Total 


Per 
cent 
free 


Excess  of 
exports  (*) 

or 
imports  (-) 


1909 
1910 
1911 
1912 
1913 
1914 
1915 
1916 
1917 
1918 
1919 


S26,460,573 
21,761,347 
36.517.516 
53.132.527 
57.597.503 
51.087.664 
41.312,770 
74,246,734 
128,910,610 
264.956,532 


$231,040 
197.963 
203.893 
345.519 
144.312 
117,856 
205,010 
224,197 
1.516.451 
2.684.680 


$26,691,613 

21.959,310 

36.721.409 

53.478.046 

57.741.815 

51.205.520 

41.517.780 

74.470,931 

130,427.061 

267.641.212 

326.462.269 


$57,510,278 

52,016.321 

62.365,561 

63.062.323 

71.355.230 

84.487,145 

73,800.468 

113,113.592 

151.483.292 

197.307.256 


$12,882,444 
14.382,440 
86.161.935 
17.545,146 
20.278.010 
22,868.752 
25.082.170 
34.530.636 
56.644.186 
87.638.183 


$70,392,722 

66,398.761 

78.527.496 

80.607.469 

91.633.240 

107.355.897 

98.882.638 

147.644.228 

208.127.478 

284.945.439 

303.993.041 


81.70 
78.34 
79.42 
78.23 
77.87 
78.70 
74.63 
76.61 
72.78 
69.24 


-$43,701,109 
-44.439.451 
-41.806.087 
-27.129.423 
-33.891,425 
-56.150,377 
-57,364.858 
-73.173,297 
-77.700.417 
-17.304.227 
♦22.469.228 


II 


11? EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Value  of  Japan^s  foreign  trade  in  1916,  1917,  1918  and  6  months  of  1919: 


Imports 


Exports 


$376,701,227 
516,361,837 
831,569,701 
522,587,487 


»561,479,106 
799,098,016 
978,107,183 
423,141.761 


Foreign  trade  of  Japan  for  six  months,  ending  June  30,  1919: 


Articles 


Food,  drink,  and  tobacco: 
In  a  natural  state — 

Rice 

Beans  and  peas , 

Other 

Partly  or  wholly  prepared — 

Sugar 

Other 


Total 


Raw  materials: 

Rape  seed 

Hides  and  skins 

Crude  india  rubber  and  gutta  percha . 

Chili  saltpeter 

Sulphate  of  ammonium,  crude 

Oil  cake 

Cotton,  raw 

Flax,  hemp,  jute,  etc 

Wool 

Coal 

Ores 

Other ;.". ; 

Total 


Manufacture  for  farther  use  in  nuurafactttring: 

Leathers 

Tanning  extracts 

Caustic  soda  and  soda  ash 

Coal-tar  dyes . . . 

Woolen  or  worsted  yarns 

Pulp  for  paper  making 

Iron  pig,  ingot,  and  slab 

Iron,  bar,  rod.  plate,  and  sheet 

Iron  pipes  and  tubes 

Lead,  ingot  and  slab 

Tin,  ingot  and  slab . . .  , 

Nickel,  ingot  and  grtiin . . . 

Antimony,  ingot  and  slab 

Brass  and  bronze,  ingot  and  slab 

Construction  materids 

Other ;;;;; 

Total 


Articles  wholly  manufactured: 

Oil.  i)etroleum 

Cotton  tissues 

Woolen  tissue 

Paper 

Iron  nails 

Ste  am  vessels 

Machineries 

Other 

Total 


Miscellaneous 

Total  Imports. 


Total  Tradi 


S938. 180.333 

1.315.449.835 

1.809,676.884 

944.729.248 


1919 


$40,938,002 

8,914,681 

10.150.818 

10.471.789 
8.082.325 


$78,557,615 


754.930 

3.181.957 

5.141.917 

4.378.494 

928.633 

35.457.462 

188.130,036 

2.985,075 

18.694,729 

4.794,902 

4.690,014 

21,299.775 


$290,437,924 


1.264,664 

339.593 

3.172.690 

3.346.516 

7.798 

1,991,509 

11.270,838 

35,073,299 

3.074,959 

1,540,476 

1,352.453 

1,262.888 

67.492 

56.683 

1.782.207 

24.186.676 


$89,790,741 


$3,652,610 

2.262,842 

2,431.464 

5.371.893 

1,135,579 

219,157 

22,623,711 

23,086,860 


$60,784,125 


3.017.082 


JAPAN 


473 


fdbk  Continved: 


Food,  drink,  and  tobacco: 

In  a  natural  state — 

Rice , 

Beans  and  peas 

Aquatic  products 

Other  .•••••, : 

partly  or  wholly  prepared- 
Tea • 

Sugar,  refined 

Sake 

^g^P 

Colle  or  isinglass,  vegetable 

Comestibles,  in  tins  and  bottles 

Other 


Total, 


Raw  materials: 
Waste  silk. . . 

Coal 

Wood 

Other 

Total . 


Manufactures  for  further  use  in  manufacturing: 

Coliaoil ■ 

Fish  oil  and  whale  oil 

Sulphur 

Camphor 

Menthol  crystal 

Raw  silk 

Cotton  yarns  ■•••■;•• 

Copper,  ingot  and  slab 

Zinc,  ingot  and  slab 

Plaits  for  hat  making 

Other 


Total . 


Articles  wholly  manufactured: 

Leather  manufactures 

Matches 

Silk 

Cotton  tissues 

Woolen  tissues 

Silk  handkerchiefs 

Cotton  towels 

Table  cloths •• 

Cotton  undershirts  and  drawers . 

Other  knitted  goods 

Hats,  caps,  and  bonnets 

Buttons ' 

Papers 

Potteries 

Glass  and  glass  manufactures  . . 

Mats  and  mattings 

Umbrellas 

Toys 

Other 


Total. 


Miscellaneous. 


Total  Exports. 
Excess  of  imports 


$1,309,179 
7.178.022 
3.377.042 
1.849.745 

2,063.181 
3.982.866 

516.524 
1.835.891 

632.539 
1,599.211 
5.821.316 


$30,165,516 


1.285.392 
7.986.512 
4.502,052 
4.201.193 


$17,975,149 


$877,401 

469,366 

470.625 

1,500.260 

697,536 

97.630.0S0 

30,639.902 

7.065.846 

1.176.968 

2,326.784 

32.710.874 

$175,565,642 


1,725.842 
6.827.354 
12.760.192 
68,655.429 
2,998,219 
1.455.947 
843.418 
554,518 
5.053.025 
3.134.316 
1.431,482 
2,132,700 
5,849.370 
4,452,925 
4,097,300 
549,993 
1.430.808 
1,915.274 
64.588.159 


$190,456,271 


$7,979,183 


$423,141,761 
$100,445,726 


$522,587,487 


(, 


474 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Value  of  principal  articles  of  import  and  export  in  1918 


Articles 


b. 
c. 
d. 
e. 
f. 


Plants  and  animals 

Grains,  flour,  starches  and  seeds 

Beverages  and  comestibles 

a.     Tea ;■ ; 

Sugar  and  confectionery 

Aquatic  products '. ." .' .' .' ; 

Alcoholic  liquors 

Beverages  and  comestibles 

--      Tobacco  .... 
Skins,  hairs,  bones,  horn,  etc! .'  .■.';;.■;;;■■ 
Uils,  fats,  waxes,  and  manufactures  of 

KT'r^^mT'?'^'  °»f<licine8,  and  exploeives'. 
iJyes,  pigments,  coatings,  etc 

Yams,  thread,  twine  and  cordage 

1  issues  and  manufactures  of .  .       

Ulothing  and  accessories   .  

Paper  and  paper  manufactures 

Minerals  and  manufactures  of       

Metal  manufactures ...  

Ores  and  metals ...  

Clocks,  watches,  scientific  instruments .' .' " 
Potteries  and  glass  manufactures . 
Miscellaneous 


Imports 


EXPORTB 


$08,358 
70.374.772 
53.919.677 

" 'i6.779;534 

*  i.0J53.689 

6,739,591 

1.016.324 

12,740.686 

16.589.854 

38.825.787 

10.957,095 

307,484,333 

12.280.638 

670.408 

8.847.200 

178,532.065 

16,608,856 

'  "39,i'27i876 

66.460,152 


•53.218.862 
50.341.000 
11.482,085 
12,586.182 
8.515.475 
5.304.187 
12.047.070 
405.998 
4.095.930 
22.810,180 
36.682.803 
6.604.839 
292.932.391 
203,507.933 
41.334.706 
18.643.614 
20,595.129 
24.184.166 
54.510,415 
55.122.962 
17.946.589 
42,015.760 


^ueof  principal  articles  of  import  for  3  years: 


Food: 

Rice 

Beans  and  peas ... 

Sugar . .  . 

Papeseed  and  mustard  seed 
Raw  materials: 

Hides  and  skins .... 

India-rubber,  etc      

Nitrate  of  soda,  crude'.'.  V. 

bulphate  of  ammonium. 

Oil  cake 

Cotton,  raw 

Flax,  hemp,  etc' .....'.' 

Wool ...  

Coal :;.:::: 

Ores 

Worked  materiajs: 

Leather 

Tanning  extracts .  . .  .  . 

Caustic  soda 

Aniline  dyes ...]..... 

Woolen  or  worsted  yarns 
Pulp  for  paper  making . 
Iron  lump,  ingots,  etc.  .  . .' 

Iron  bar,  rod,  etc 

Iron  pipe  and  tube .... 

Lead  ingots  and  slabs 

Tin 

Nickel '.'.'.'.v.'.'..'. 

Antimony \    \ 

Brass  and  bronse  ingots. .. 

Construction  materials. 

Fmished  articles:  

Kerosene  oil , 

Cotton  fabrics 

Woolen  fabrics 

Paper 

t**"  •  •  • 

Iron  nails....    

Machinery  and  engines 


$2,433,290 
4.626,369 
7.372,936 
2.384.746 

3.186,118 
1.708,933 
1.613.166 
1.464.343 
17.991.298 
18.583.399 
4.194.654 
5.230.956 
2.220.149 
1.930,731 

950,025 

351,774 
1,354.332 
1,436,976 

198.873 

2,976,496 

3,959,087 

12,167,529 

687,313 
1.449.201 

910.778 

797.503 
3.314.085 

533.030 
409.391 

4,214,910 
926.347 

1,804.310 

1.507.772 
267.856 

4.514.055 


$1,537,632 
3.540,378 
6.463.071 
1.699.695 

4.447.244 

3.608.511 

3,078.567 

957.019 

18.698.333 

137.492.159 

4.543.536 

16.686,336 
2,109,734 
8.048.863 

1.388.706 
1.594,117 
3,305.693 
1.711,916 
722.295 
4.490.824 
8,326.863 
33.152.972 
1.710.387 
3.716,357 
894.678 
1.000.264 
3.502.353 
7,148,132 
534,184 

2,774,332 
2.031.444 
2.580.062 
2.902.079 
2,092,855 
8.102,865 


$3,243,659 
4,734.608 
5,825.241 
2,132.536 

2,909.022 
4.546.852 
4.482,863 
1.425.578 

27.871.975 

164.826.088 

9.179.785 

25.952.018 
4.501,114 
8.792.074 

1.076.754 

575.174 

6.659.661 

2,258,921 

383.063 

1,394.769 

2,568,503 

83,003,360 

4,385,338 

2.923,862 

1.882,824 

513.930 

2,562.484 

6.052.162 

4.830.708 

2,641.850 
1,538.975 
3,097,085 
2,040,673 
1,260.065 
14,859,083 


JAPAN 


475 


Vahie  of  principal  articles  of  export  for  3  years: 


Exports 


1915 


1916 


1917 


Food:     (»)  Raw 

Rice ' 

Beans  and  peas 

Aquatic  products 

(b)  Manufactured 

"pAfl^ • 

Refined  sugar 

Sake 

Beer .....  •  • 

Japanese  ismglass ............ 

Comestibles  in  tin  and  bottle. . . 
Raw  materials: 

Waste  silk 

Coal 

Wood 

Worked  xnaterials: 

Colsa  oil 

Fish  oil 

Sulphur 

Camphor 

Menthol  crystal 

Raw  silk 

Cotton  yarns   •••••••• 

Copper,  ingots  and  slabs 

Zinc,  ingots  and  slabs 

Plaits  for  hats 

Finished  articles: 

Ivcather  manufactures 

Matches 

Habutae 

Cotton  fabrics 

Woolen  fabrics 

Silk  handkerchiefs 

Cotton  towels 

Table-cloths 

Knitted  undershirts 

Other  knitted  goods 

Hats,  etc 

Buttons 

Paper 

Potteries 

Glass  and  glass  manufactures . 

Mats  and  matting  for  floor.  .  . 

Umbrellas 

Toys 


$4,819,130 
4,503,332 
5,093,688 

7,670.207 

6,878,284 

14,204 

712,894 

849,619 

1.814.521 

2,963,859 
9,579,889 
4,586,367 

1,442.363 

1,113,616 

1.238,841 

1.730,756 

898,946 

75,711.197 

32.973.081 

22.043,621 


7.037,495 

4,437.255 
7,329,109 
19,201.582 
19,178.688 
9.018,921 
1,360.943 
1,018,558 
960,395 
6,337,326 
819,492 
1,647,625 
1,996,177 
2.164,157 
3.478.113 
2,924,716 
1.135,843 
759.978 
2.257,676 


$5,576,283 
8.037.556 
6.218.356 

8,008,824 
8,178,025 
1,011.123 
1.368,550 
1,218,537 
2,662,990 

5,219,270 

10,162.172 

6.134.313 

1.875,047 

1.865,520 

3,095.338 

3,131,321 

1,200,492 

132.984,234 

38,640,743 

32,927,315 

9,586,836 

8,126,570 

3,165.505 
10.509.390 
20,555.585 
29,905,220 
4,685,843 
2.153.936 
1.626,696 
1,443,232 
14,359.526 
2,588,007 
3,318,481 
3.743,605 
4.872,450 
6,027.788 
5,177.909 
1,425.971 
1,088.794 
3,804,729 


$7,301,947 

16,733.334 

7.066,219 

10.834.610 

13,023,442 

1.077,512 

2,420,380 

973,681 

3,660.345 

8,241.382 

13.174.112 

7.337.914 

1.988.637 

1.805,500 

3.059,110 

2.741.070 

798,974 

176,867,605 

53.853.347 

43.572.560 

10.432.037 

9.049,243 

3,356,856 
12.243.811 
23,646.182 
63.474,208 
3.678,377 
2,321.888 
1,498.828 
1,434,128 
8,326,050 
4,754,146 
2,978.971 
5.108.966 
8,015.467 
7.208.019 
7,201.207 
1,085,425 
1,147.978 
4.187.939 


Value  of  the  foreign  trade  of  Japan  by  countries  of  origin  and  destination  in  1916. 
1917  and  1918: 


Countries 


Asia: 

China 

Kwantung 

Hong  Kong 

British  India 

Straits  Settlement . . 

Dutch  India 

French  Indo-China. 

Asiatic  Russia 

Philippine  Islands.  . 

Siam 

Other  countries .... 


$54,102,040 

16.909,040 

505,615 

89,373,367 

6,347,116 

7,085,557 

3,006,247 

883,559 

4,714,242 

1,468,605 

12.639 


$66,435,611 

26,510,329 

899,196 

111,634.740 
7,502,489 
8.640.550 
3.636.915 
1,872,008 
7,645,882 
2,169,871 


$140,431,106 

50,158,599 

415.632 

133.690.315 

14,617.837 

24,345,343 

27.620,789 

2,176,762 

8,693.058 

2,856,896 


$95,970,882 

18.455.835 

17.426.020 

35.665,492 

9.192,519 

8.674.436 

931.171 

68,611,352 

5,722,305 

1,051.311 

36,762 


$158,712,694 
32,763.832 
28.535,099 
50,497,272 
13,969,744 
18.068.302 
1.877.435 
37.005.721 
8.408,837 
1.100,503 


$179,036,681 
58,016,015 
31,750,710 
100.957,356 
21,041,116 
35,731,249 

5,000,434 
19,968,287 
11,715,091 

3,029,369 


f 
•  * 

n 


Continued  on  page  476 


476 


Table  Continued: 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Countries 


Europe : 

Great  Britain 

France 

Germany 

Belgium 

Italy 

Switierland 

Austria-Huneary . 
Holland....    ....; 

Sweden 

Norway 

Russia 

Spain [[] 

Denmark 

Turkey 

Portugal 

Other  countries.  ... 


North  America : 
United  States. 

Canada 

Mexico 

Others 


South  America: 

Peru 

Chili 

Argentine 

Brasil 

Other  countries . 


Africa: 

Egypt , 

Cape      Colony 

Natal .... 

Other  countries .  . . 

Australia 

New  Zealand ....... 

Hawaii \\ 

Other  countries .....' 

In  bonded  warehouses 

Unknown.  .  .  . 


and 


Grand  Total, 


1916 


$40,702,584 

2,224.891 

2,061.444 

170,476 

349,801 

911,360 

18,119 

210,249 

6,628.388 

1,030.272 

549,952 

76,709 

56,080 

4,173 

4,393 

5,416 


101.631,317 

829,782 

3,574 

1.615 


243,962 

3,033,526 

30.467 

19.822 

31.546 


4,149.531 

3.610 

112,778 

21,579.653 

5,400 

37.495 

2,083,648 

4.223,660 

1,267,507 


$376,701,227 


Impobtb 


1917 


$31,557,235 

2,175,763 

1,256.340 

6,429 

217.139 

1,538,412 

11.426 

628,399 

2,637,394 

146,948 

652.755 

92,330 

26,241 

2.470 

3,298 


179,312.973 

1,274.718 

3,224 


67.972 
4,844,036 
1,569,540 

27,948 


6,437,231 

9.397,562 

4.992.392 

16,417,849 

5.643 

128.968 

6.220.522 

8,751.089 


$516,351,837 


1918 


$32,934,528 

1,859.478 

1.710.151 

1,945 

305,664 

1,135,679 

813 

870.566 

1,844,920 

105,846 

341,763 

129.317 

20.055 

2 

1.424 


312.073,727 

3,875.927 

22.528 


342.242 

5.613.624 

4.371.046 

56.059 


4,575.624 

14.680,322 

327.445 

24,363.877 

3,234 

34,474 

6,151.507 

8,809,677 


1916 


$51,123,467 
31,876,288 


1.928.454 
19.583 

56.036 

133.602 

5.015.939 

16.643.456 

746.340 

203.722 

9.785 

8.644 

27.149 


169.433.925 

5.636.383 

288.78J 

410.541 


250,503 

461,849 

648,214 

50.155 

80,595 


2,683.048 

2.129.502 

240.769 

13,833.473 

1.561.904 

3.556,654 

377.175 


312.085 


$831,569,701    $561,479,106 


Exports 


1917 


$101,019,093 
48.763.623 


8,949.617 
72,091 

52,3ii 

8,503 

1,004.854 

6.737.002 

261,326 

195.384 

16,624 


238.550,617 

8.054,864 

79.881 


384.501 
1.183.189 
1.740.721 

231.567 


6.733.129 

3.383,112 
256,262 
13.603.638 
2,083.264 
3,211,731 
1,581.773 


$799,098,016 


1918 


$71,218.88.5 
70.886,233 


6.771.233 
276,939 


23,996 

810 

80,891 

93,225 

25 


6,219 


264.269,502 

13,626,400 

176,444 


1.028.282 

2.345.62n 

12.649.722 

1,679,288 


14,191,268 

9,143.786 
693.551 
32,456.263 
4,360,434 
3,853,432 
3,030,422 


$978,107,183 


JAPAN 


ATI 


Number  of  famUies  engaged  in  agriculture  classified  as  proprietors,  tenants,  and 
those  tenants  combining  agriculture  with  a  subsidiary  occupation: 


End  of  December 


Proprietors 


Tenants 


Tenants  with 
other  occupation 


Total  farming 
families 


1,731,247 
1.717.995 
1,696,224 


1,520.476 
1,524,192 
1,524.989 


2,204,508 
2,208.975 
2,236,580 


5,456,231 
5,451.189 
5,457,793 


Area  under  cultivation  per  family,  and  the  number  of  famiUes  cultivating  holdings  of 
various  sizes  during  2  years: 


Area  cultivated  per  farmer's  family 


1915 


Number  of 
families 


Percentage 


1916 


Number  of 
families 


Under  1  acre.. 
Over  1  acre. . 
Over  2  acres , 
Over  4  acres. 
Over  7  acres. 
Over  12  acres . 


Total 5.453,969 


1,990,275 

1,823,845 

1,092,157 

330,121 

149,367 

68.154 


36.49 

33.44 

20.03 

6.05 

2.74 

1.25 

100.00 


1,986,831 

1,817.220 

1,103.818 

333,189 

148,322 

68,413 

5,457,793 


Percentage 


36.40 

33.30 

20.22 

6.11 

2.72 

1.25 

100.00 


Ratio  of  one  crop  to  two  crop  fields  for  2  years; 


Cultivation 


Area  (acres) 


1915 


1914 


Per  cent 


1915 


One  crop  paddy  fields .••••, J 

Two  crop   (ordinary  rotation  for  second 

Two  crop  (green  manure  for  second  crop) . 
Total 


4,324.507 

2,239,322 
655,264 


7,219.096 


4,320,788 

2,237,310 
631,296 


7,189.400 


59.90 

31.02 
9.08 


100.00 


1914 


60.10 

31.12 

8.78 


100.00 


Production  and  Industry 
Agriculture: 

Area  of  arable  land  in  Japan  proper  during  3  years: 


Year 


Landed  farmers'  area 
(acres) 


End  of  December 

1914 

1916 

1916 


Paddy  field 
3.548,513 
3,545,617 
3,552,649 


Upland 
4,213.995 

4.238.468 
4.259.418 


Tenanted  area 
(acres) 


Paddy  field 
3.687.073 
3,720,016 
3.746.622 


Upland 
2,788,968 
2.850.861 
2,887,778 


Total  area 
(acres) 


Paddy  field 
7.235.586 
7,265,633 
7,299.171 


Upland 
7,002,963 
7.089,329 
7.147,196 


Of  the  paddy  fields  64.4  per  cent,  are  irrigated  by  rivers;  20.9  per  cent,  by  reseryoira^ 
14.7  per  cent  by  other  means.  The  means  employed  are  simple,  only  approximately  80 
places,  representing  an  area  of  10,780  acres,  employ  modern  mechanical  equipment;  and 
only  about  50  places  with  an  area  of  18,375  acres  employ  modem  drainage  methods. 

Area  under  cultivation  and  production  of  rice  during  5  years: ^^^^ 


Year 


Area  (acres) 


ma... 

1014... 
1915... 
1916... 
1917... 


7,421,050 
7,430,850 
7,487,200 
7.523,950 
129,908,800 


Production 
(Bushels) 


256,803,050 
291,300,660 
285,771,640 
298,638,620 
279,276,830 


EXPOBTS 


$2,177,256 
2,476,952 
4,816,548 
5,576,106 


Impobts 


$24,139,056 

12.361.854 

2.433.228 

1,537.326 


478 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Production  of  barley  and  wheat  durinir  5  yeare: 


Year 


(Production  in  bushels) 


Barley 


Naked  barley 


1913. 
1914. 
1915. 
1916. 
1917. 


54,380,620 
48,290,280 
52,392,830 
48,846,490 
46,853,590 


46,909,800 
36,827,770 
42.392,560 
40,476,310 
41,886,670 


Wheat 


26,704,860 
22.933,680 
26.760,410 
29.990,690 
34,576,460 


Production  of  mixed  grains  in  bushels  during  5  veara: 


Year 


Prose 
millet 


Buckwheat 


1912. 
1913. 
1914. 
1915. 
1916. , 


FoztaU 
millet 


1,952,020 
1,262,170 
2.355,710 
2,110,430 
2,304,610 


5,089,560 
5,314.400 
6.990.480 
6.413.050 
5,988.920 


9.484,160 
10,966,060 

8,927,170 
10,639,020 
11,160,240 


Production  of  beans,  potatoes  and  sweet  potatoes  during  .^ 


Barnyard 

millet 


3,617,880 
2,585,660 
4,900,490 
4,333,280 
4,200,420 


Year 


Soy  beans 
bushels 


years: 


Red  beans 
bushels 


Horse  beans 
bushels 


Peas 
bushels 


J|}? I     17.941.210 

}^{| 15.294.230 

1915.  .■.*.■.■.■,■; 

1916 


18.723.040 
19,453,770 
19.162.500 


4,839,170 
3,071,110 
4,660,320 
4,915,820 
4,532.570 


Sweet 

potatoes 

tons 


2,560,110 
2,498,790 
2.483,460 
2.600,990 
2,744,070 


Production  of  other  crops  during  5 


1,906,030 
1,931.580 
2,161,530 
2.115,540 
2,325,050 


4.049,473 
4.283,674 
4,051,976 
4,359.764 
4.510,071 


years: 


Year 


Leaf  indigo 
pounds 


Leaf  tobacco 
pounds 


Cotton 
pounds 


1914. 
1915. 
1916. 


1912 

1913 1     23.260.160 

17.089.940 

18,006,800 
29,802,080 
49,386,540 


Hemp 

pounds 


96.005.980 
111.848.660 
126,088,900 
108,321,640 
105,561,680 


7,244,120 
6,384,980 
6,781.460 
6.938,400 
6,244,560 


19.634,020 
22.070.720 
20.056,500 
20,435.240 
18,700.040 


Total 


127,995,280 
108,051,730 
121,545.800 
119.313.390 
123,316,720 


Maise 


3,791,620 
2,800,280 
3,929,590 
4,011,350 
3,909,150 


Potatoes 
.  tons 


769,386 

783,461 

968,492 

1.052,154 

1.157.358 


Rape-seed 

pounds 


8,433,460 
7,491,820 
7,293.580 
7,244,020 
7,186.200 


one  ^tf^:.^^^  -  --  -ricultural  fan.Ii.,  and 

5  yea'l""'"^  ^'  '^""^"  ^'^^^^^^  ^  -"^^^^^  ^^  ^^^  -^  of  mulberry  plantations  during 


I 


Year 


Sericultural  families  by  seasons 


Spring 


Summer 


1912. 
1913. 
1914. 
1915. 
1916. 


1.500.409 
1.500,280 
1.459,016 
1.433.045 
1.498.007 


Autumn 


Area  of  mulberry 

plantation 

(acres) 


334.203 
507,912 
501,740 
549,108 
528,652 


1.118.701 
1.134.938 
1.135,258 
1.192.742 
1.335,821 


1.111.381 
1.107,057 
1,103,232 
1.110,814 
1.140.524 


JAPAN 


479 


Number  of  egg-cards  hatched,  the  output  of  various  grades  of  cocoons,  and  the  number 
of  cocoons  produced  per  egg-card^ __————--=-— -=========1 


Year 


Egg-cards  in 
1.000 


Output  of 
cocoons 
(bushels) 


Value 


Spring  variety. 


Summer  variety. 


1912. 
1913. 
1914. 
1915. 
1916. 

1912. 

1913. 

1914. 
)1915. 
il916. 


Autumn  variety. 


1912.. 

1913., 

1914. 

1915. 

1916. 


Total . 


1912. 
1913. 
1914. 
1915. 
1916. 


2,652 
2,665 
2,648 
2,651 
2,782 

638 
609 
597 
663 
633 

1,844 
1,883 
1,848 
2,017 
2,341 

5,135 
5,159 
5,094 
5,332 
5,756 


13,127,590 
13,260,450 
13,301,330 
13.224.680 
15.667,260 

2,723,630 
2.728,740 
2,570,330 
2,979,130 
3,147.760 

6,888,280 
7,465.710 
6,668,550 
7,537,250 
11,352,860 

22,749,720 
23,460.010 
22,698,620 
23,746,170 
29,167,880 


$51,860,222 
58.638,504 
42.524.220 


11.113,946 
8,441,100 
9,533,214 


30,601.104 
19.969.302 
24,021,528 


79,163,076 
93,556,272 
87,048,912 
76,079,460 
135,982.884 


The  raw  silk  output  during  4  years  has  been  as  follows: 


Year 


Raw  silk 


Pounds 


Value 


Waste  silk.  etc. 


Pounds 


Value 


Total 


Pounds 


Value 


1913. 
1914. 
1915. 
1916. 


30,900.660 
31.016.300 
33.411.700 
37.335.200 


$99,351,498 

86.898.510 

105,296.124 

156,288,834 


9,086,000 

9,185,120 

11,679,640 

12,926,900 


$3,508,908 
3,727.032 
3,140,886 
4,342,062 


39,986,600 
40,201,420 
45,091.340 
50,262,100 


$102,860,406 

90,625.542 

108.437.010 

160,630,896 


Tea  planting  and  picking,  next  to  sericulture,  is  the  most  important  subsidiary  occupa- 
tion.   The  following  table  shows  the  acreage  of  tea  plantations  and  the  number  of  tea 

manufacturers  during  4  years: — 


Year 

Area  (acres) 

1913 

• 

120,012 

1914 

119,609 

Number  of 

persons 
employed 


Year 


Area  (acres) 


Number  of 

persons 

employed 


1,088,272 
1,061,412 


1915. 
1916. 


117,891 
119,897 


1,134,838 
1,103,968 


The  following  table  shows  the  production  of  various  classes  of  tea  for  4  years,  in  pounds: 


Year 


Green  tea 

1st  kind 

(Hikicha) 


Green  tea 

2nd  kind 

(Gyokuro) 


Green  tea 
3rd  kind 
(Sencha) 


Green  tea 
4th  kind 
(Bancha) 


Black 
tea 


Oolong 
tea 


Total 

including 

others 


1913. 
1914. 
1915. 
1916. 


94.808 

97.724 

161.533 

166.215 


700.091 
729.374 
625.058 
651,201 


50,410,809 
49,190,967 
53,129,691 
59,800,384 


21,224,301 
19,179,141 
19,542,168 
21,118,066 


65,708 
60,727 
76,636 
56,671 


29,612 
7,615 

11.787 
5.501 


72,539.451 
71,608,015 
75,597.114 
81.623.826 


480 


EXPORTERS  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


JAPAN 


481 


.^"^  ToV^^"^  ""^^  1,572,500  horses,  1,342,990  homed  cattle,  3,370  sheep    109  3=i7 

^Z,  T'v     ^^  ""^  '***^^'  2^^'^^^  '^°«'  12,096  goats  and  80,862  horses.     In  1917 
we^.  .iToiT  r'^a  \''^^  ^"^^'  P'"^"^^'^^  I'l^l'^l  ^«^'  *"^  11'711  chickens.     S 

Output  of  fruits  during  4  years,  in  tons: 


Year 


Plums 


Peaches 


Pears 


1913. 
1914. 
1915. 
1916. 


Persimmons 


1.445 
1,805 
1.705 
1.417 


Apples 


44,587 
43,199 
50,034 
53,541 


Grapes 


Orang 


es 


98,551 

86.098 

109,564 

98,620 


194.275 
160,702 
201,140 
155,361 


39,247 
39,387 
29.178 
38,392 


15,685 
16,330 
18,700 
20,880 


297.483 
260.520 
255,068 


Metals  and  Minerals: 

Mineral  production  of  Japan  during  4  years: 


Year 


Gold 
(Troy  oi.) 


Silver 
(Troy  OI.) 


Copper 
(pounds) 


1913 
1914 
1915 
1916 


Lead 
(pounds) 


177,246 
182,011 
265.431 
252,532 


4,580,840 
5,190,240 
5,096,280 
5,781,600 


135.218.700 
143,275,580 
153,344,240 
194,624,500 


7,678,680 

9,275,660 

9,686.800 

23,120,220 


Year 


Iron  (tons) 


Iron  pyrites 
(pounds) 


1913 
1914 
1915 
1916 


Antimony 
(pounds) 


78.400 

98.329 

91.276 

431.251 


Manganese 
(pounds) 


252,367.780 
555,010.980 
148,754,340 
200,478,460 


42,700 

7,882,420 

16,185,740 

21,967,320 


39,217.940 

27.591.260 

56,977.480 

108,650,740 


Year 


Coal  (tons) 


Sulphur 
(tons) 


1913 

1914 

1915. 

1916. 

1919. 


Petroleum 
(gallons) 


23,446,500 
24,522,300 
22,539,000 
25,191,100 
S862.237.453 


64.900 

81,400 

79,200 

116,600 


80,661,450 
112,368,700 
124,509,450 
147,572,050 


Present  and  estimated  future  production  of  pig  iron  and  ^teel  in  Japan,  Chosen  and 
leased  temtory  in  China,  in  unit  of  100  tons:  ^nosen,  ana 


Year 


1915 

1916 

1917 ■    ■ 

1918 

1919  and  after  (est.) 
1921  and  after  (est.) 


Pio  Iron 


Japan  Proper 


Chosen 


Manchuria 


China 


345.6 
491.0 
5399 
541.5 
541.5 
611.5 


Total 


100.0 
100.0 
100.0 


30.0 

35.0 

70.0 

230.0 

230.0 

230.0 


200.0 
200.0 
200.0 
480.0 
480.0 
480.0 


575.6 

726.0 

809.9 

1,351.5 

1,351.5 

1,421.5 


Continued  on  page  481 


Table  Continued: 


Year 


1915 

1916 

1917 

1919  and  after  (est.) 
1921  and  after  (est.) 


Steel  Materials 


Manchuria 


China 


Total 


* 

1 


120.0 
120.0 


50.0 
50.0 
60.0 
60.0 
60.0 
60.0 


455.1 
619.6 
746.0 
825.0 
950.0 
1,270.0 


Number  of  companies  engaging  in  the  mining  business  during  4  years: 


Metal  Business 


Coal 


Petroleum 


All  others 


Total 


Year 


No.  of 
Co.'s 


Cap.  paid 
up 


No.  of 
Co.'s 


Cap.  paid 
up 


No.  of 
Co.'s 


Cap.  Paid 
up 


No.  of 
Co.'s 


Cap.  paid 
up 


No.  of 
Co.'s 


Cap.  paid 
up 


1912 
1913 
1914 
1915 


103 
105 
113 
128 


$19,599,288 
20,272,086 
21,102,252 
22.348,248 


91 
100 
114 
116 


$29,476,218 
27,137,016 
31,578,678 
25,744,608 


26 
28 
34 
34 


$16,723,816 
18,561,456 
20,410,530 
20,365,710 


19 
21 
25 
27 


$4,113,9781  239 

4,684,188  254 

9,870,360  286 

9,878,826  305 


$69,913,300 
70,654,746 
82.961.820 
78.337,392 


In  June  1915  there  were  83,293  males  and  13,533  females  employed  m  the  metal 
mines'  133  613  males  and  46,487  females  employed  in  the  coal  mines;  4,450  males  and  230 
femal^  employed  in  the  petroleum  fields;  5,913  males  and  698  females  in  other  mmes; 
total  227,269  males.  60,948  females.  In  1916  a  total  of  16,608  mining  appHcationa  wer« 
filed. 

"  1^1916  there  were  a  total  of  394,701  fishing  boats,  of  which  2,800  were  equipped 
with  motors  (127  steam  propeUed)  and  391,901  were  not.  The  fishing  popiUation  totalled 
1  365  954-  1  044  667  male  and  21,207  females.  There  were  26,328  fishing  boats,  without 
motora  built  in'l916.  The  average  length  of  the  boats  is  less  than  30  feet.  The  value  of 
the  cat^h  in  1916  was  as  follows:  fish,  $37,100,502;  shell  fish,  $1,760,430;  aquatic  animals, 
etc..  $6,904,272;  sea-weeds,  $5,150,316;  total  catches,  $50,915,520.  The  deep  sea  fiflhenes 
of  Hokkaido  in  1916  engaged  1.342  saU  boats,  118  steamers  and  1.610  motor  boats  with  a 
total  crew  of  47,299.    The  value  of  the  catch  was  $3,309,761. 

^^There  were  in  1915,  3,224,158  acres  of  crown  forest,  17,957,637  acres  of  state  forest, 
7  Oil  037  acres  of  communal  forest,  269,345  acres  of  temple  forest.  17,207,952  acres  of 
private  forest;  total  48,670.129.  There  are  8.915,270  acres  of  mooriand.  There  were,  m 
1915  5  023  029  bundles  of  bamboo  produced.  In  1913  there  were  176  saw  yards  m  Japan 
repr^seiiting  a  capital  investment  of  $3,049,254;  three  of  the  companies,  only,  are  important. 
Important  wood  consuming  industries  are  the  production  of  camphor,  lacquer  ware,  pencils, 
matches,  paper  pulp  and  railway  sleepers.  The  output  of  camphor  m  1915-1916  (Japan 
Proper)  was  5,333,840  pounds,  valued  at  $1,927,758. 

Industries  and  Manufactures:  .        r    u  * 

Capital  invested  in  the  formation  of  new  enterprises  and  the  expansion  of  old  ones  for 

5  years:  .^ — — — --^--===:^=======^= 


Year 


New 

Enterprises 


Expansion 
of  Old 


Year 


New 
Enterprises 


Expansion 
of  Old 


1914. 
1915. 
1916. 


$94,958,142 

88,368,655 

304,457,628 


$80,544,777 
111,439,153 
243,650,259 


1917. 
1918. 


$508,637,921 
998,402,850 


$440,735,579 
585.240.636 


482 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


JAPAN 


483 


I 


H 


The  shipbuilding  output  of  1919  is  estimated  at  700,000  tons,  of  which  about  230  GOO 

U^tjf^.  . '"  •  ^  1  *^  *^  ^^"^"^  ^"^"^  ^^^^  '^'  '^'^  '^^'^^  ^^  'o^<^«  whei^ty' tb 
Umted  States  m  return  for  shipbuilding  materials  is  to  receive  completed  ships.    Abou 

70,000  tons  represent  the  vessels  ordered  by  shipping  companies,  and  the  remaining  400  0^ 
tons  are  vessels  built  for  speculation  by  the  shipyards.  New  steamship  companies' a^ 
bemg  floated,  among  the  more  important  being,  the  Kawsaki  Kisen  Kaisha  (owned  Z 
^e  Kawasaki  Dockyard),  and  the  Tayo  Kisen  Kaisha.  The  Asano  Dockyard,  Katsuda 
Kisen  Kaisha,  Hashimoto  Kisen  Kaisha,  and  Teikoku  Kisen  Kaisha  are  repoi^  ^  b^ 
estabhshmg  a  company  with  a  capital  of  200,000,000  yen  ($99,600,000). 

The  number  of  shps  for  building  ships  has  decreased  from  145  in  1917  to  105  at  th^ 
present  time,  forty  smaU  shipyards  having  gone  out  of  existence  since  the  armistice  Th 
larger  yards  are  proc^ding  with  their  prearranged  programmes;  from  January  to  the  end 
of  April,  44  vessels  of  over  1,000  tons  each,  totaling  184,611  tons,  were  launched  The 
Japanese  navy,  moreover,  contemplates  embarking  upon  an  extensive  programme  of 
submanne  construction.  *  ~*"iic  oi 

Number  of  establishments  in  the  principal  industries  and  the  capital  invested  in  them: 


Kind 


Number  of 
establishments 


Beer  brewing 

Bricks  and  tiles 

Cement 

Chemical  stuffs 

Coal  mining 

Cokes ' 

Copper  and  iron  work. 

Cords  and  nets 

Cotton  spinnina 


^.^iion  spinnme 

Drug,  industriiu 

Medical ' 

Dye-stuff  making 

Dyeing  and  bleaching. ...... 

Electric  industry 

Fertilisers,  artificial 

Gas. * 

Grain  cleaning 

Ice 

Hosiery 

Leathers !!.... 

Matches  and  match  sticks. . . '. 
Milling 

Mining  and  metailurgieal . . . 

this 

Paper  mills 

Petroleum  boring  and  refining. 

Porcelain  and  earthenware 

Printing  and  type  foundry 

Raw  silk [[ 

Rolling  stock !].... 

Sake  brewing 

Salt ...".■.■.'.'.■ 

Shipbuilding ][[[ 

Soy  and  miso ] ,[] 

Spinning  other  than  cotton .  .  . 

Sugar  refining 

Textiles,  cotton 

Textiles,  silk 

Textiles,  woolen [ , , 

Textiles,  others ! ! ! ' 


4 
90 
18 
74 
55 
10 
64 
25 
34 
119 
129 
47 
175 
393 
97 
86 
151 
«1 
43 
28 
29 
25 
115 
66 
83 
24 
56 
205 
302 
4 
603 
81 
S7 


11 
10 


78 
10 

156 


Capital  invested 


$6,707,064 
3.740.976 
6,738.438 
2,669.778 
26.427.864 
651,384 
9.130,332 
2,253,948 
46.260.714 
9.296.166 
2.915.790 
3.271,860 
2.308.906 
133.980,426 
8,898,762 
35.067.666 
985.542 
4.069,558 
899,388 
2.868,978 
1,923,774 
2,968,566 
111,726,184 
2.349,564 
17.745.732 
19.712.334 
1,043,808 
2,402,352 
3.080.126 
1,333.634 
6.284.760 
1.995,450 
14,789,090 
3,313,194 
6,169,722 
8,066,106 
6.946,602 
1,462,128 
9,603.432 
1.315.218 


Geographical  distribution  of  establishments  with  a  paid  up  capital  of  more  than 
$498,000  each: 


District 


No.  of 
establishments 


Capital 
paid  up 


District 


No.  of 
establishments 


Capital 
paid  up 


Aichi 

Chiba 

Fukuoka. . . 
Fukusbima . 

Gifu 

Gumma .  . . . 
Hiroshima. . 
Hokkaido.  . 

Hyogo 

Ibaraki 

Ishikawa.  . . 

Kagawa 

Kanagawa., 
Kumamoto . 

Kyoto 

Miyagi 

Miye 


1, 


153 
202 
388 
388 
322 
286 
438 
825 
.217 
275 
323 
168 
632 
136 
500 
213 
261 


$41,311,092 

55,861,656 

30,580.188 

7,789,178 

8,586,516 

9,617,376 

11,516,748 

18,052,998 

81,390,132 

5,259,876 

7,022,298 

5,146,324 

58,765,992 

6,252,788 

49,607,128 

6,212,052 

19.481,262 


Nagano.  .  . . 
Nagasaki . . . 
Niigata.  .  .  . 

Oita 

Okayama. . 

Oraka 

Saga 

Saitama . .  . 
Shixuoka.  . 
Tochigi.  .  . 
Tokyo .... 
Toyama.. . 
Wakayama 
Yamagata ._ 
Yamaguchi 
Yehime.  .  . 


804 
117 
454 
182 
439 

1,330 
204 
270 
652 
275 

2,231 
391 
124 
200 
180 
293 


$13,266,720 

6,333,066 

30,125,016 

6,358,464 

11,754,294 

164,881,824 

6,543,082 

5,485,454 

16,955,406 

9,720,462 

485.991,228 

13.527.174 

9,051.134 

5.689,152 

7.990.410 

11,657,682 


Number  of  factories  employing  mechanical  and  hand  power  and  the  number  of  em- 
ployees in  each  of  the  principal  industries^ 


Kind  of  enterprise 


No.  run  by 
steam,  gas,  etc. 


No.  run  by 
manual  power 


Textile  industry: 

Filature 

Spinning 

Weaving 

Knitting  and  braiding 

Machinery: 

Machine  making 

Shipbuilding 

Tools  and  implements ••.••• 

Foundry,  metal  and  metal  ware  making. 
Chemical: 

Ceramics 

Paper-making 

Explosives 

Artificial  fertilisers. 

Medicines  and  chemicals ; 

Food  and  drinking: 

Brewing 

Sugar-refining 

Tea-curing 

Cleaning  of  grains  and  flour 

Confectionery 

Miscellaneous: 

Printing  and  binding 

Wood  and  bamboo  ware 

Special  workshops: 

Electricity 

Gas 

Metallurgy 

Government  factories: 

Printing  Bureau 

Railway  Works 

Mint 

Monopoly  Bureau 

Military  factories 

Naval  factories 

Steel  foundries 

Sawmills 


2,633 
136 

2.469 
728 

548 

98 

300 

611 

420 

207 

76 

89 

131 

541 
23 
75 

270 
73 

584 
616 

90 
35 
76 

3 
21 

1 
63 

8 
21 

1 
16 


482 

4 

1,772 

226 

29 

58 

80 

133 

624 
96 

103 

6 

71 

795 
5 

153 
2 

82 

92 
265 

8 

1 

22 


Horsep>ower 


14,539 

131,742 

129,460 

4,164 

18,006 

60,875 

6,634 

18,291 

24,538 
92,457 
3,757 
29,575 
21,706 

8,523 
4,818 
1,371 
10.275 
1,392 

6,208 
28,728 

439,976 

6,796 

18,528 

2.960 

13,683 

2,102 

6,032 

40.976 

164,125 

114,367 

885 


No.  of 
employees 


248,494 

140,062 

193,915 

27,167 

34,250 
55,773 
24,412 
35,042 

48,594 
18,057 
21,883 
3,898 
12,107 

27,210 
2,418 
5,233 
6,133 
3,884 

28,842 
26,028 

3.120 

1,625 

18,583 

2,853 
12.386 

277 
24,498 
58,281 
45,405 
13,853 

299 


484 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Number  of  factories  employing  mechanical  and  hand  power  and  the  number  of  em- 
ployees: 


Year 


No.  run  by 

steam, 

gas.  etc. 


No.  run  by 

manual 

power 


Total 


Male 
operatives 


Female 
operatives 


Total 


1912 
1913 
1914 
1915 
1916 


8.710 

9.403 

10,334 

10,688 

12.612 


6,409 
6,408 
6,728 
6,121 
6.687 


15.119 
15,811 
17,062 
16,809 
19.299 


348.230 
375,596 
318,667 
350,976 
458.632 


515,217 
540,656 
535,297 
559.823 
636.669 


863.447 
916.252 
853,964 
910,799 
1.905.301 


For  the  year  1916  the  kind  of  motive  powers  was  as  follows : 


No.  of 
engines 


Horse 
power 


No.  of 
engines 


Horse 
power 


Steam 
Gas... 
OU... 

Motor 


6.407 

1,665 

572 

16,486 


327,849 

38,318 

6,998 

293.386 


f  Turbine.. 

Waterwheelj  Pelton's. . 

(.Japanese. 


228 

111 

1.658 


270,545 

104,302 

3.282 


Statistics  of  the  textile  industry: 


Year 

Factories  or 
families 

Looms 

Operatives 

Valus  of 
output 

1913 

396,151 
352,393 
418,419 
490,063 

672,428 
622,099 
680,530 
772,391 

667.343 
610.777 
715.343 
820.499 

$306  481 

1914 

326,462 
300,128 
564,227 

1915 

1916 • 

Output  of  the  fabrics  classified  according  to  kind : 


Year 

Silk 

Silk  and  cot- 
ton mixed 

Cotton 

Hempen 

Muslin 

Flannel 

1913 

$59,922,348 
51,036,036 
60,599,628 
79,721,334 

$15,197,466 
12.720.414 
13.648,686 
18,256,680 

$52,477,746 
74,891.730 
90,827,232 

151,636,020 

$2,236,020 
2,343,090 
2,423,268 
3,051,246 

$9,676,140 
7.268,808 
9,183,618 
9.616,380 

$858,552 

1914 

1.017,912 
679  272 

1915 

1916 

956,160 

Year 

Serges 

Blankets 

Woolen 
cloth 

Carpets 

Miscellaneous 

Total,  in- 
cluding others 

1913 

$2,623,464 
6,731.964 
1,998.972 
3.190.188 

$588,138 
948.690 
653,874 

1.706.148 

$1,520,394 
2,006,442 
6.009.864 
8.294,688 

$339,138 
329.676 
319.218 
406.368 

$1,370,496 
1,075,182 
1,422.786 
2.313.708 

$177,527,538 
162,579.570 
189,303,744 
280.985,0*6 

1914 

1915 

1916 

Returns  of  exported  fabrics: 


Year 

SUk 

Cotton 

Woolen 

Total 
including  others 

1913 

$19,608,252 
16.942.956 
21.523,062 
25,214,736 

$16,735,290 
17.350,320 
19.178,478 
29.905.398 

$483,060 

740,526 

9,260,310 

1.180,758 

$37,188,648 
37.496,910 
60,460.348 
61,704,192 

1914 

1915 

1916 

JAPAN 


485 


Statistics  of  cotton  mills  and  production: 


Year 


Com- 
panies 


MUls 


Capital 
paid  up 


Reserves 


No.  of 
rings 


No.  of 
mules 


No.  of 
throwings 


Looms 


1910 

1914 

1915 

1916 

1917 

36 

136 

$33,622,968 

42 

167 

42,738,360 

41 

161 

42.833.478 

40 

161 

50.667,018 

43 

170 

67,130.400 

$12,279,684 
18,246,222 
19,253.676 
24,378,096 
34,860.000 


2,014,284 
2,606,004 
2,754,124 
2,825,944 
3.009.000 


55.480 
54.170 
53,390 
49.690 
51.900 


282.186 
348,766 
355,318 
370.681 
383,500 


17,072 
25.413 
30.068 
31,295 
36.200 


Output  of  yams  export  and  home  consumption: 


Year 


Output 
packages 


Exported 


Consumed 
at  home 


Converted  into 
textile 


Textile 
output  (yds.) 


1913. 
1914. 
1915. 
1916. 
1917. 


1,134.781 
1,666,184 
1,720,265 
1,925,579 
1.903,000 


347,633 
569.999 
575,891 
545,147 
470.825 


609,153 

791,269 

833.509 

1.037,400 


177,994 
304,922 
310.864 
341.032 


226.313.951 
454,901.174 
500,076,621 
560.181.108 
594.649.419 


Statistics  of  hemp  spinning  mills: 


Year 


No.  of  mills 


Paid  up 
capital 


Daily  av'ge.  of 
working  spin- 
dles in  1.000s 


Material  con- 
sumed (lbs.) 


Output  Obs.) 


1912 
1913 
1914 
1915 
1916 


14 
16 
16 
21 
9 


$3,291,282 
2,530,836 
2,949,156 
3,099,552 
3,834.600 


24 
25 

26 
29 
36 


87,060 
125,634 
153.388 
188,080 
239,044 


75,413 
100.028 
128,608 
155,288 
169.577 


The  chemical  industry  factories  number  2,146  and  employ  143,611  operatives;  in  this 
classification  are  included  962  ceramic  factories  employing  49,203  operatives;  277  paper 
plants  employing  31,309  operatives;  255  explosive  plants  employing  31,177  operatives; 
183  medicine  factories  employing  9,281  operatives,  21  toilet  article  factories  employmg 
1021  operatives;  69  dye-stuff  and  paint  plants  employing  2,695  operatives;  74  oil  and 
wax  plants  with  4,619  operatives;  and  68  artificial  manure  factories  with  6,277  operaUves. 
In  1915  there  were  85  gas  works;  1,512.428  lamps.  906,934  heating  instaUations,  2,153 
power  instaUations;  production,  6,050,573  cubic  feet.  In  1916  there  were  2  617  electnc 
plants  in  existence.  472  of  which  supplied  power,  2,617  of  which  were  isolated  or  govern- 
ment plants  Total  production  805,289  k.w.  During  the  same  year  186  plants  with  a 
total  production  of  414,919  k.w.  were  under  construction.  Tobacco,  salt  and  camphor 
are  state  monopolies. 

Far  data  on  railways,  post  offices,  telegraphs  and  teUphones,  money,  weights  and  measure^ 
hngwwe  local  advertising  media,  consuUir  representation,  shipping  routes,  customs  tariff, 
consular  regulations,  cable  and  postal  rates,  mail  time,  parcel  post,  money  orders  and  reply 
coupons,  see  pages  490  to  4^2. 


\^ 


a 


rf 


486 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


CHOSEN 

(Korea) 


Area  and  Population 

TTfL^'^fif'^f  Tt^  '^^'  ^.^^^^  PoP^ation  (1915)  15,957,630  (8,192,614  males- 
V65,0  6  females);  Japanese  population  (1915),  303,659  (163,012  male;  140,W7  female  ' 
Populationofprmcipal  cities  (1915):  'emaie). 


Cities 


Families 


Seoul 

Chemulpo. . 
Kaisons. . . . 

Taiku 

Fusan 

Pingyang. . , 

Gensan 

Chin-pan-po 
Han-Heung. 

Haichou 

Chinchou . . . 


55,367 
7.505 
8,057 
8.059 
14.439 
10.673 
5.953 
5.561 
3.009 
3,297 
3,197 


Male 


Female 


124.432 

17.265 

17,784 

16,640 

31,124 

24.049 

11.634 

11,878 

8,188 

7,792 

6,901 


116.653 

14.002 

18.884 

16.100 

29.680 

21.744 

10.779 

10,453 

8.185 

7.801 

6.661 


Total 


241.085 
31.264 
36.668 
32.740 
60,804 
45.793 
22.413 
22.331 
16.373 
15.593 
13.562 


tot/S"^ "  ^^'^'^  ^'^*^^'  ^^"^  ^^'^^'  ^'""^  ^^'  ^^''^  ^^^'  ^'^'"'^  7'; 

Commerce 
Eleven  year  table  of  the  total  foreign  trade  of  the  United  States  with  Chosen: 


Year 

Ended 

June 

30 


Exports 


Domestic 


Foreign 


Total 


Imports 


Free 


Dutiable 


1909. 

1910. 

1911. 

1912. 

1913. 

1914. 

1915. 

1916. 

1917., 

1918.. 

1919.. 


$320,476 

441,443 
1,144,583 
1,122.377 
1,369,332 
1,265,848 
1,187.415 

675.081 
2.082.691 

944,924 


Total 


$304 
623 


782 
1.594 

415 
1.029 

373 

623 
123,811 


$320,780 
442.066 
1,144.583 
1,123,159 
1,370,926 
1.266.263 
1,188,444 
675,454 
2.083,314 
1,068.735 
3,411,371 


Per 
Cent. 
Free 


$1,513 

13.609 

243.739 

190.556 

3.523 

4.604 

7.990 

63.037 

299.197 

6.304 


$1,366 
6.567 
1,812 
2.672 
1.610 
3.517 
763 
1,450 
2.026 
3,778 


Excess  of 
Exports  (♦) 

or 
Imports  (-) 


$2,879 

20,176 

245,551 

193.228 

6,133 

8,121 

8,753 

64,487 

301.223 

10.082 

298,973 


52 

.56 

67 

.45 

99 

.26 

98 

.62 

68 

63 

56.69  1 

91 

28 

97 

75 

99. 

33 

62. 

53 

♦317.901 

♦421,890 

♦899.032 

♦929.931 

♦1,365,793 

♦1,258,142 

♦1.179.691 

♦610,967 

♦1,782,091 

♦1.058.653 

♦3,112.398 


Value  of  foreign  trade  for  6  years: 


Year 


Merchandise 


Imports 


Exports 


Total 


1912 
1913 
1914 
1915 
1916 
1917 


Specie  and  Bullion 


$33,423,270 
35.646.840 
31.489.038 
29.481,102 
37.079.088 
51,237,228 


$10,450,530 
15,377,244 
17.125.224 
24.647.016 
28.286.898 
41.724.930 


$43,874,298 
51,022.092 
48.614.760 
54.128.118 
65.366,484 
92.957.178 


Imports 

Exports 

$733,056 
100.596 
151.392 
404.874 
814.230 
226.590 

$5,041,752 
5.450.112 
5.390.352 
5.858.472 
8.027.760 

19,423.992 

JAPAN— CHOSEN 


487 


Value  of  trade  with  principal  countries  of  origin  and  destination  for  3  years: 


Countries 


1915 


Exports 


Imports 


1916 


Exports 


Imports 


1917 


Exports 


Imports 


Japan  Proper 

China..... . ; 

Great  Britain 

United  States 

Asiatic  Russia 

Belgium 

Hong  Kong 

France ■ 

Germsny 

Total,  includ.  others. 


$20,368,200 

2,788,302 

5,976 

15,936 

1,445,694 


4.482 
498 


$24,647,016 


$20,684,430 

3,994,956 

2,130,942 

1,958,634 

53,286 

30,378 

33,864 

34,362 

95,118 


$21,396,072 

4,014,378 

32.868 

479.574 

2,348,070 


8.964 


$26,124,582 

4,763,370 

2,286,816 

3,262,398 

84.660 

498 

30,378 

22.410 

60.258 


$29,481,102 


$28,286,898 


$37,079,088 


$32,233,050 

5,954,088 

4,482 

167,328 

1,717,104 


9.960 


$41,719,452 


$36,202,608 

6.308.664 

2.020.386 

5.781,282 

81,174 

498 

44,820 

23,406 

10.458 


$51,237,228 


Value  of  principal  imports: 


staple  Items 


1914 


1915 


Staple  Items 


1914 


1915 


Rice »1'356.0^ 


Italian  Millet. 

Flour 

Sugar 

Sake 

Petroleum 

Cotton  yarn 

Sheetings,  gray 

Sheetings,  white 

Cotton  fabrics.  Japanese. 


671.206 
616.026 
751,980 
438,240 
740,028 
1,030.362 
2,927.742 
874.986 
987.534 


Hempen  fabrics 805.266 


$157,368 

281,486 

340,134 

767.418 

453.180 

847,098 

1,212,630 

3,111,006 

1.047,294 

966.618 

574,194 


Woolen  fabrics 

Silk  fabrics 

Paper 

Wrought  iron 

Machinery 

Coal 

Timber,  planks  and  sleepers, 
Straw  bags,  ropes,  and  mats 
Post  parcels • 


$392,424 
461.148 
656.862 
593.616 
737.538 
867.018 
843.612 
538.836 

1,948,176 


$281,370 

484.554 
748,992 
388.928 
608,556 
877,476 
715,128 
548,298 
1,987,518 


Value  of  principal  exports: 


Items 


1914 


1915 


Items 


1914 


1915 


Beans  and  ];>ea8 

Rice 

Cattle 

Cow  hide ;  •  • ; 

Fish,  fresh,  dried,  salted, 

Gold  ore 

Other  ores 


$3,165,288 

$2,653,344 

9.640.782 

12.208.968 

216,630 

168.324 

1,780.350 

1.761,924 

671.304 

446.208 

519.912 

962,642 

1,932.240 

128,982 

Leather  manufacture 

Coal. 

Fertilizers 

Ginseng 

Cotton 

Tobacco 


$1,553,262 
233.064 
496,008 
641.424 
871.002 
308.760 


$1,042,314 
313.242 
456.666 
618.018 
576.186 
123.504 


Production  and  Industry 

The  industries  of  Chosen  are  almost  wholly  of  an  agricultural  nature.  The  acreage 
of  cultivated  land  is  7,249,949,  of  which  about  37  per  cent,  is  rice  paddy,  and  63  per  cent, 
farm  There  are  about  39,200,000  acres  of  forest.  Rice  is  the  staple  product  and  is  grown 
on  6*652  000  acres;  barley  is  grown  on  1,432,426  acres,  the  yield  being  23,506,000  bushels. 
Soya  beans  are  grown  on  130,038  acres,  the  yield  being  163.520,000  bushels.  The  area 
of  mulberry  plantations  is  31,360  acres;  in  1915,  302,287  bushels  of  cocoons  were  produced. 
In  1916,  33,306  lbs.  of  ginseng  valued  at  $996,000  were  produced. 

Cotton  the  cultivation  of  which  was  introduced  in  1905,  was  cultivated  on  4,900 
acres  in  1914-  the  yield  was  52,698,800  lbs.  Ginning  is  carried  on  in  factories  as  Mokpho, 
Fusan,  and  other  places.  The  number  of  cattle  was  1,287,000  in  1914.  Tobacco  is  grown 
on  61  250  acres;  fruit  on  4,900  acres.    The  number  of  Japanese  investors  m  farmmg  m 


;1 

•11 


488 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Chosen  in  1915  was  7,156,  the  farms  occupying  about  689,000  acres,  the  investmon. 
amounting  to  about  $21,948,276.  "^vestment 

Mineral  production  in  1916:  gold,  195,600  ounces;  aUuvial  gold  26  400  ouno^,-  ; 
ores,  122.000  tons,  graphite.  20,964,800  pounds;  coal,  127,000  tons.'  '     "' 

of  .J''  ^T^:  **^^^J^  316,219  fishermen,  of  whom  11,028  were  Japanese.    The  valu. 
of  the  catch  was  $6,277,119;  of  marine  products,  $3,482,182.     About  441  000  ^.If 
forest  land  along  the  Yolu  and  Tuman  Rivei.  is  le^sed'for  lumbennTdevetprnt  '^ 

The  only  important  manufactures  are  fabrics,  hides  and  leathers    oaoer    linnn. 
tobacco,  metal  work  and  bamboo  work.     Japanese  enterprise  hl^  st^STe^'  cleZ. 
plants   .on  works,  bnck  works,  and  13  electric  power  plants  with  a  total  c^pn 
Kol^  ^^'""^  '™P^"^  "^"*  '^'^  P^"*^^  «^  ^^^-^  about  13  000  a^ 


TAIWAN 

(Formosa) 

Area  and  Population 
Taiwan  consists  of  Formosa  proper;   the   Pescadores  Island  (Hokoto)  and  small-r 
adjacent  islands.    The  area  of  Taiwan  proper  is  5,768  square  maes;  of  the^esc™|o^ 
19  square  mjes.    The  following  table  shows  the  population  on  December  3      1 91^ 


Male 


Female 


Japanese . . . 
Natives. . .  . 
Aborigines . 
Foreigners. . 


Total. 


Total 


79.198 

1.729,650 

66,406 

15.302 


1,890,556 


63,252 

1,619,387 

56,518 

2.321 


1.751,478 


142.450 

3.349.037 

132.924 

17.623 


3.642,034 


The  population  of  principal  towns  is  as  follows: 


Taihoku . . 
Keelung. . 
Giran .... 
Shinchiku 
Taichu.. . 
Shokwa.  . 


100.222 
18.063 
16.995 
17.405 
20.427 
16.907 


Kako. 
Kagi . . 
Tainan . 
Takao . 
Toko. . 


19,109 
22,270 
62.689 
15.170 
10.615 


Commerce 
Value  of  foreign  trade  of  Taiwan  for  4  years: 


Trade  with  Japan  Proper 

Year 

Commodities 

Specie  and  Bullion 

Exports 

Imports 

Exports 

Imports 

1914 

$22,777,524 
29.975.616 
40.148.262 
52.537.008 

119.855.260 
20.212.326 
24,663.450 
33.736,512 

$774,888 

1,232.052 

814.728 

856.062 

1915 

S103.584 

1916 

140  436 

1917 

435.252 

339.138 

JAPAN— TAIWAN 


489 


Year 


Trade  with  Foreign  Countries 


Commodities 


Exports 


Imports 


Specie  and  Bullion 


Exports 


Imports 


1914 
1915 
1916 
1917 


$5,465,036 

7,684,140 

15.762.696 

20.027,070 


$6,480,474 
6,364.938 
7,639,320 

10,507,302 


$3,486 

$34,860 

118,524 

39,342 

559,254 

5.478 

66,732 

2.490 

Value  of  principal  imports: 


Year 


Opium 


Rice 


Petroleum 


1913 
1914 
1915 
1916 


$1,878,954 

918,810 

1,090.620 

1,854.552 


$1,054,764 

143,922 

6,474 

4,482 


$458,658 
375,990 
233,562 
275,892 


Tobacco-leaf 


Oilcake, 

beans, 

tea-seed 


Timber  and 
boards 


$323,202 
376,986 
537,840 
229,080 


$842,118 

838.134 

1.165.818 

1.530.354 


$315,732 
232.068 
215.634 
220,614 


Value  of  principal  exports: 


Year 


Tea 


Sugar 


Camphor 


Flax,  Hemp 
Jute 


Timber 
(ex.  ship's  use) 


1913 
1914 
1915 
1916 


$3,204,132 
3,166.284 
3.540,780 
3,150.846 


$170,316 
5.635,866 


$2,237,514 
1,901,364 
1,611,030 
2,325,162 


$184,758 
219.120 
200.694 
208.662 


$48,306 
99.600 
92.130 

199,200 


Value  of  imports  from  principal  countries  of  origin: 


Year 


China 


British  India    Dutch  Indies 


Great  Britain 


Germany 


United  States 


1914 
1915 
1916 


$3,638,388 
3,815.676 


$506,466 

835.146 

1,287,330 


$184,260 

84.660 

112,548 


$636,444 
354,078 
614,034 


$260,454 


23,406 


$398,400 
378,978 
379,000 


Value  of  exports  to  principal  countries  of  destination: 


Year 


China 


Hong  Kong 


Dutch  Indies 


Great  Britain 


Germany 


United  States 


1914 
1915 
1916 


$1,733,040 
2,487.012 
6.173,722 


$194,718 
290.334 
889,926 


$670,308 
980.064 
802,278 


$319,218 
463,638 
388,938 


$459,654 


$2,788,800 
3,326,640 
3,754,422 


Production  and  Industry 
Area  under  cultivation  during  three  years  in  acres: 


Year 


Paddy 


Upland 


Rice 


Sweet 
Potatoes 


Beans, 
Peas,  etc. 


Sugar  Cane 


Tea 


1913. 
1914. 
1915. 


813,400 
825,650 
863,850 


825,650 
742,800 
901,600 


1.247.050 
1,261,750 
1,239,700 


294,000 
286,650 
276,850 


85,750 
90,650 
88,200 


164,150 
188,650 
208,250 


88,200 


,:» 


4 


! 


w 


490 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Produce  of  the  principal  crops  for  three  years: 


Year 


Rice 
bushels 


Rush 
pounds 


1913. 
1914. 
1915. 


Ground 

Nuts 
bushels 


Sweet 

Potatoes 

bushels 


26,193,860 
23,546,880 
24,446,240 


Peas, 

Beans,  etc. 

bushels 


1,309,060 
1.819,020 
1,766,560 


Jute 
tons 


China 
Grass 
tons 


1,120,060 
1,025,320 
1,223,440 


27,876,390 
27,828.240 
27,439,140 


701,300 

680.827 
783,200 


2.820 
2,439 
2,477 


865 
995 
960 


acres  (276  252  in  iJlTX     •  u  k      '         """  ""''""  '"«"  "^  estimated  at  334,000 
inlQIfit     TK  ,?'         ^'"''^  '^"'K  estimated  at  686,860,000  lbs    (679  004  000  iT 

m_^9I6).   There  are  12  companies  with  36  sugar  refineries  having  a  tot^  c^lf/^^i; 


Mineral  production  for  four 


years: 


Year 


Gold 

Troy 

Ounces 


Alluvial 

Gold 

Troy  Ounces 


Silver 

Troy 

Ounces 


1912. 
1913. 
1914. 
1915. 


Copper 

Pounds 

Troy 


51,240 
36,000 
43,800 
53,560 


1,800 

1,680 

27,720 

3,240 


Coal 
Tons 


107,520 
50.400 
51,120 
47.400 


4,020,000 
4,120,000 
5,000,000 
3,312,000 


283,096 
327,266 
308,588 
388,776 


Sulphur 
Tons 


1.479 
2,349 
1.224 
1.899 


Phosphorus 
Tona 


5,724 

1.363 

512 


KARAFTTTO 

KWANTUNG 

are  agriculture,  fishery,  aTthe  m^S^of  ^  '"Z^A^^^^'^'T^''"'  **"^'°'^ 
nected  with  Kharbin,  Mukden,  and  the  ^trn  Sese^w'TX::™  ^"  ""  "- 

/C.iS:^"*^'"'"'^^ '"•'''^" ---*«'».  «'-'"<*^  CHosen.  Tai.an.KaraSuto.an, 
Railways: 

Imperial  Railways:    Open  mileage  1917    'jfi'ifi     t  ;„!,*  t>    i 
Electric  tramways:  track  nTeage,  1,^.         '     '  ^'^^*  ^^^m:    mileage,  1,300. 

Post  offices ;    Number  of  post  offices,  3,326. 
Telegraphs  and  Telephones: 

5,886'tt' ^1!:^^^^^^^  -^7f  oun<^^  1,036  n^^;  submarine. 

Wireless  stations,  ten.  '        '      '  ^""^  ^«»«Phone  subscribei^,  231,724. 


JAPAN 


491 


^'The  monetary  unit  of  Japan  is  the  yen=100  sen=l,000  rin=$0.498  United  States 
currency.  Japan  has  adopted  the  gold  standard.  Gold  coins  are  20,  10  and  5  yen,  silver 
50  20  and  10  sen,  and  bronze  1  sen  and  5  rin  pieces. 

Weights  and  Measures: 

Distance  and  Length 


Ri  =  36  cho  -  2160  ken 
Ri  (marine) 

Ken  =  6  shaku  =  60  sun 
Shaku  =»  10  sun  =  100  bu 
Tan  (cloth  measure) 
Shaku  (cloth  measure) 


2.44030  miles 

1  knot 

7  ft.  5H  inches 

1  ft.  2  11-12  inches 

a  roll  of  about  25  shaku 

1.25  shaku 


Land  Measure 


Square  ri  -  1296  cho 

Cho  =  10  tan  «  3000  tsubo 

Tsubo  or  bu 

Ko  (Formosa)  -»  2934  tsubo 


5.95505  square  miles 
2.45064  acres 
3.95369  square  yards 


Quantity,  Capacity  and  Cubic  Measure 


Koktt  *  10  to  -  100  sho 

Go  (10th  of  a  sho) 
Koku  (capacity  of  vessels) 
Shakuiime  (timber) 
Tana  (fagot,  etc.) 


Kwan  or  Kan  »  1000  momme 
Kin  >■  160  momme 
Momme  »  10  fun 


f  4.96005  bushels  ,    „  „    . 

U7.65389  gallons  (Liquid)  U.  S.  A. 
i  6.11902  bushels  (dry)  U.  S.  A. 

1  10th  of  a  ton 

>  about  12  cubic  ft. 

«  about  3  X  6  X  6  ft. 


Weights 

/  8.26733  lbs.  (Avoir.) 
'\10.04711  lbs.  (Troy) 
;   1.32277  lbs.  (Avoir.) 
"     1.60754  lbs.  (Troy) 
0.13228  o«.  (Avoir.) 
0.12057  oi.  (Troy) 


Language:    The  language  of  foreign  trade  in  Japan  is  English. 

Local  Advertising  Media: 

There  are  two  dailies  in  Tokyo  and  two  in  Osaka  printed  in  Japanese  with  a  cbcula- 
tion  of  over  150,000  each,  there  are  two  general  and  commercial  magazin^  printed  m 
EngUsh  and  three  English  daiUes  which  are  influential  among  the  English  speakmg  popula- 
tion. Posters  and  electric  display  signs,  as  well  as  posters  in  railway  stations  and  tram  cars 
are  extensively  employed  as  media. 

Consular  Representatives: 

The  United  States  maintains  consular  officials  in  Taihoku  (Taiwan)  Yokkaichi; 
consuls  and  vice  consuls  in  Dairen  (Manchuria),  Kobe,  Nagasaki,  Seoul  (Chosen),  ^oko- 
hama,  also  consuls  general  in  Seoul  (Chosen),  Yokohama,  and  a  consular  agent  in  Hakodate. 

Japanese  officials  are  stationed  at  MobUe,  Los  Angeles,  San  Francisco    Honolulu. 
Chicago,  New  Orleans,  St.  Louis,  New  York  City,  Portland  (Oregon),  Philadelphia,  Manila 
(P.  L),  Galveston,  Seattle. 
Shipping  Routes:     (from  New  York  to  Kob^  and  Yokohama.) 

Barber  Line. 

American  and  Oriental  Line. 

American-Asiatic  Steamship  Co. 

The  principal  transcontinental  railroad  lines  accept  shipments  for  Japan. 


t 


492 


EXPORTERS  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


MALAY  STATES— FEDERATED 


493 


Customs  Tariff: 

under  ihe  contnt.™^  ra^    W  ofT  f.*""^  °'  ""!  ^'^'^'^  «**»«  "^  '^^''^d 
specific  and  based  on  wei^t^'  '  '^"*"'  "^^^  "'^  ■"»  '«'"«».  "^d  «ome 

Consular  Regulations: 

Cable  rates:    Via  San  Francisco,  $1.33  per  word. 
Parcel  Post: 

11  potri"  ^^'^'^  ^^  '^^^'  ^^^"^^«  ^^--'  -r-an,  and  Karofuto.    Linut  of  weight, 

^a^efr«t.  ^^  ^"^  ^'^T"'  "^  ^"^^  ^^°-  ^^^  York. 
Parcel  post :    Service  extends  to  Japan. 

Money  orders:    Issued. 
International  reply  coupons :    Issued. 


FEDERATED  MALAY  STATES 

Area  and  Population 

A  group  of  states  occupying  the  southern  portion  of  the  Malay  Penmsula,  southernmost 
point  of  Ck)ntinental  Asia,  with  a  total  area  of  27,508  square  miles,  consisting  of  Pahang, 
14000  square  miles;  Perak,  7,800  square  mUes;  Selangor,  3,158  square  miles,  and  Negri 
Se'mbUan,  2,550  square  miles.  The  Federated  Malay  States  are  under  British  protection 
and  are  pohtically  associated  with  the  Straits  Settlements.  The  population  in  1911  was 
1 036,999,  comprising  420,840  Malays,  433,244  Chinese,  172,465  natives  of  India,  3,284, 
Europeans  and  Americans,  and  2,649  Eurasians.  There  is  a  large  floating  population  from 
India  and  China.  The  largest  town  in  the  States  is  the  federal  capital,  Kuala  Lumpur, 
(Sglingor),  with  about  47,000  inhabitants. 

Commerce 

In  the  United  States  statistics  of  foreign  commerce  American  exports  to  and  imports 
from  the  Federated  Malay  States  are  included  in  statistics  of  American  trade  with  the 
Straits  Settlements.    See  page  509. 

Foreign  trade  of  the  Federated  Malay  States  for  four  years: 


Years 


Exports 


Imposts 


Total 


1914.. 
1915.. 
1916. . 
1917.. 


$69,818,351 

91,891,683 

124,884,025 

154,454,631 


$40,961,095 
34,077,056 
39,530,867 
41,598.007 


$110,779,446 
125,968,739 
164,414.892 
196.052,638 


Value  of  principal  imports  and  exports  in  1917: 


Imports 


Rice $8,601,684 

Tobaooo,  cigars,  cigarettes ^'^^'Seo 

Cotton  piece  goods 1,970,968 

Petroleum 1,830,758 

Machinery 1,051,674 

Ironware 1,014,422 

Opium 966,634 

Sugar     949.897 

Condensed  milk 942.067 


Exports 


Rubber  (79.831  tons) *^^A}l'l^ 

Tin  (39.833  tons) '*}'5JI'J?} 

Copra  (47.162,933  pounds) ^'J^'Sll 

Rice  203,056 

S8^.":::;.;:::::::::::;:::;:::;;;       »:^9 


Production  and  Industry 

The  chief  industries  of  the  Federated  Malay  States  are  the  cultivation  of  rubber, 
which  has  supplanted  in  importance  the  less  profitable  production  of  rice,  pepper,  sugar, 
coffee,  and  other  commodities  to  which  the  soil  and  cUmate  are  well  adapted;  the  mining 
of  tin  ore,  and  to  a  lesser  degree  of  gold,  tungsten,  and  coal;  the  cultivation  of  valuable 
woods,  including  the  cocoa  palm,  of  which  the  by-product  copra  is  exported  in  large  quan- 
tities. 

Revenues  from  lands  increased  $132,041  during  the  year  1917. 


494 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Area  of  land  estimated  to  be  in  occupation  on  January  1,  1918: 


States 


Building 

and 

Agriculture 


Milling 


Perak 

Selangor 

Negri  Sembilan 
Pahang 

Total. 


Acres 

785,390 
587,531 
409,085 
206.082 


1.988,088 


Acres 

129,747 
63,887 
18.022 
49,838 


261,494 


Total 


Acres 

»16.137 
651,418 
427,107 
255,920 


2,249,582 


to  1  ^^TJ^  T"^-^^  ?^^'  ""^^^^  '^'"^°«  ^^  ^^"^  i"  ^^^  amounted,  in  1918 
to  1.044,839  acres,  of  which  612,286  acres  were  planted  with  rubber  alone   and  408  «57i 

w^rid   ZT  '  Tk'     ^"^  ""r*^^  ^^^^"  *^^  '"^^  ^Po^t  rubber  market  inThe 
worid,  and  the  rubber  export  from  the  Federated  Malay  States  increased  17,067  tl  L 

due  '^lT^''\''l^  ^^  ^^  °°  *^'  ^'*^^'  ^^^  ^^^3,  probably  because  increased  costs 
due  to  w^  conditions  have  greatly  reduced  the  margin  of  profit,  and  have  ^^ue^lv 

the  Federated  Malay  States  comes  frem  Chinese  owned  or  Chinese  managed^r^ 

r,...  ^o'L?"^"^  ^"^^"^  ^  ^^^7'  ^«^  «°ld'  18>154  ounces,  valued  at  $342  364-  wolf- 
ram, 942,571  pounds;  and  scheelite,  759,696,  pounds.    The  coal  Output  in  19i7w'ri55T27^ 

a««stance  m  extending  both  the  oil  expressing  and^pra  ind  Jrir^e^u^hari^ 

been  added  to  the  forest  reserves,  the  total  now  being  2,241  sauare  mileZrR  iTf^!! 
of  the  entire  area  of  the  Federated  Malay  States.  '^^  **"' 

Railways,  Telegraphs,  Telephones,  Post   Offices-  Thor.  .~>  o»n       i        » 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures;  As  in  Straits  Settlements. 
Language:  English. 
Shipping  Routes: 

Shipments  to  the  Federated  Malay  States  are  ordinarily  made  via  the  Straif.  ^^^^ 
ments  ports  of  Singapore  or  Penang.    See  under  Straits  Settl^mentr  ''^"' 

"""TtroW^   ''''  '^'^  '"'^^*  '"'"  "^  *'^  ^^^^  "^"  "^"-'  to^-co  and 


MALAY  STATES— UN  FEDERATED 


495 


Consular  Regulations:  No  consular  documents  are  required. 

Cable  Rates:  From  New  York  or  New  England  States,  $0.94  per  word. 

postal  Rates:  Postal  Union  rates. 

Mail  Time:  Thirty  days. 

Parcels  Post: 

Goods  can  be  sent  by  parcel  post  to  the  Malay  States  via  England  at  the  regular 
12  cent  rate  plus  transit  charges. 
Money  Orders:  Not  issued. 
International  Reply  Coupons:  Issued. 


THE  MALAY  STATES  NOT  IN  FEDERATION 

These  states  are  five  in  number  as  follows:    Johore,  Kedah,  Perils,  Kelantan  and 
Trengganu. 

JOHORE 

Johore  has  an  area  of  7,500  square  miles  and  a  population,  1911,  of  180,417,  of 
whom  102,219  are  Malays,  63,405  Chinese,  and  5,659  natives  of  India.  The  state  Ues 
at  the  extreme  southern  end  of  the  Malay  Peninsula. 

Commerce 

Imports,    1917:      $9,744,274.    Foodstuffs,   drinks,   and  narcotics,   $5,846,570;  raw 
materials,  $1,149,234;  manufactured  articles  $2,282,990;  coin  and  bullion,  $125,041. 

Exports,  1917:  $27,630,568,  rubber,  $21,213,362;  gambler,  $829,808;  pepper,  $369,936 
copra,  $1,045,184;  arecanuts,  $784,560;  tin,  $2,331,392. 

There  are  376  miles  of  road. 

KEDAH 

Situated  on  the  west  coast  of  the  peninsula,  north  of  Province  Wellesley  and  Perak, 
has  an  area  of  3,000  square  miles,  and  a  population  1911,  of  245,986,  of  whom  195,411  are 
Malays,  33,746  Chinese,  8,135  Siamese,  and  6,074  Indians.  The  principal  product  of 
Northern  Kedah  is  rice,  and  of  Southern  Kedah  rubber,  cocoanuts,  and  tapioca  is  cultivated 
on  large  estates.    The  territory  is  in  daily  communication  with  Penang. 


Highways,  Railways  and  Telegraphs 
There  are  210  miles  of  macadamized  roads  and  an  excellent  telephone  system, 
territory  is  connected  by  railway  with  the  Federated  Malay  States  and  Siam. 


The 


PERLIS 

Situated  on  the  west  coast  of  the  Peninsula,  north  of  Kedah.  Has  an  estimated  area 
of  316  square  miles,  and  a  population  1911,  of  32,746,  of  whom  29,497  were  Malays,  1,627 
Chinese,  1,338  Siamese.  The  principal  agricultural  product  is  rice.  Rubber  production 
in  1918,  amounted  to  25,342  pounds,  and  cocoanuts  are  grown.  There  were  7,800  head 
of  cattle  in  1915.  In  1918,  154  tons  of  tin  were  mined,  and  there  are  extensive  guano 
deposits.    There  are  14  mUes  of  macadam,  20  miles  of  gravel,  and  14  mUes  of  earth  road. 


'1 


496 


ill 


I 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


KELANTAW 

P  ^f  """"i  m^.  ^^L'^T^  ""^  *^^  Peninsula  and  has  an  estimated  area  of  5,870  square  miles 
Population  1911  286,751  of  whom  5,355  wen.  Siamese  and  9,844  Chines^.  The  TpS 
Kota  Bahru  with  a  population  of  12,000.  ^"-pii-ai  is 

Commerce 
SI  mIIaTI'  ^^^  «''P«^«2  548,297;  total  importe,  »1,229,975  (1916,  $1,860,613  and 
nuts,  $93,471,  fish,  $74,481;  copra,  $201,593;  Para  rubber,  $2,016,837. 

Chief  imports,  1917:    Opium,  $29,912;  cattle,  $15,148;  fish,  $14  636-  rice   $60  ^fi-!- 
wheat  a^d  flo.^  $23,552;  milk,  $18,947;  sugar,  $41,540;  tobacco   $77Sl;  Zi  mm' 

♦ii5,dy4,  cement,  $16,975;  maehmery  and  metal  goods,  $93,983. 

Production  and  Industry 

The  principal  industry  is  agriculture  and  the  cultivated  area  comprises  about  236  000 
acr^.  Prmcipal  products  are  rice,  grown  on  104,200  acres;  cocoanuts,  on  36  900  ac^ 
rubber,  on  70,850  acres;  betel-nuts,  resin,  rattan,  bamboo,  tkpioca,  suglr  Le  Tm  a^d' 
tZ        it^^r  !.'  *';''  ^'^*^  '^  ""^''"^  "'"^  J""«'«  containing  mufh  valuable  timber 

2ZZ  "^-rn,  f  '"'"'^'  ''"',  't-'^  '•^  °f  B""^*'-  Sheep,  goats,  and  po^t^' 
are  raised  The  mmeral  resources  of  the  country,  which  are  almost  entirely  in  British 
hands,  but  as  yet  largely  unworked,  comprise  gold,  pyrites,  tin,  and  galena 

The  principal  manufacturing  industries  are  silk-weaving,  boat  building  and  brick 
mahng  Roads  have  not  been  developed  to  any  extent.  Th;re  is  a  bi-w^kly  boat "nd 
raU  serv.ce  between  Tumpat  and  Kuala  Lebir,  about  60  miles  up  the  rivir  The  c' ttel 

^r  kiL^f4';.^:sr"'°"  ^'"  '-'•  -'  «-■=-•  -' »-  -'-^^ 

TRENGGANU 

mated  Tfi  ^  '^^  '"'"'*  f  the  Peninsula  between  Pehang  and  Kelantan.  Area  is  esti- 
StL'  '''T  '^'^"'\  Population  1911,  154.037.  Capital  and  principal  ^wn 
Kuala  Trengganu,  with  a  population  of  about  14.000. 

Commerce 
expoS'im 'dS'^h  "^.il^!  !"""*"  i"  '^"  ^"^  "^"^  '''^"'  il,m,m.    Chief 

;Tpet  $546rwo^fL**::^^  is^^  s  •^^t.'^f  ^is'^r^  "'-^ 

goods.  ,122,744;  raw  silk  $22,380;  tobkc«>,  S39,19.:'Su„:"^4Si"^t77r 

Production  and  Industry 

-  -Jft  '"'*"!*"f  °f  *•>«  <»"ntry.  and  »«  character  are  similar  to  those  of  Kelantan  The 
capital  has  telephone  service,  but  there  are  no  railways,  telegraphsTtmnkt^'inThe 
state^    Commun.cat.on  with  the  interior  is  by  means  of  river  boats  and  go,5^,^t!v^  Lt 

boats.    There  b  regular  steamer  connection  with  Singapore  and  Bangkok. 


OMAN 


497 


OMAN 

An  independent  state  in  southeastern  Arabia;  its  independence  is  guaranteed  by 
r«af  Bri^rL   France.     lU   area   is   estimated   at  about   82,000   «q"-e    -^^ 
S^tionTt  about  500,000,  principally  Arabs.    The  capital  is  Muscat,  which,  with  the 
'^Ltn"  W  of  Muttrkk,  has  an  estimated  population  of  24,000.    Commerce  is  mostly 
Kv,rLd^atistrare  ^ven  only  for  the  ports  of  Muscat  and  Mattrak,  but  protected 
JraTa.^  cai tn  t^wTth  the  interior,  which  since  1913  has  been  in  a  state  of  poUt.<«^ 
X^     A^culture  is  primitive.    Camels  are  bred.    Mineral  resources  are  sa.d  to  be 
extensive,  though  undeveloped. 

Commerce 
Total  exports  1917-1918,  $764,308;  chiefiy  dates,  «355,018;  fruit,  $9,217;  fish,  $12  548; 
limes  $4,629r«.tton  goods,  $15,395;  hides  and  skins,  $2,357.    To*al  imports  for  1917-1918 
mTm   cWefly  rice,  $262,647;  coffee,  $63,578;  sugar,  $39,913;  piece  goods   $^3,579, 
i^  ;nd  siT^ds,  $6,480;  twist  and  yarn,  $19,633;  wheat  and  other  gram,  $19,4a_ 

^fis  principaUy  m  the  hands  of  British  Indians  and  chiefly  with  that  country. 
The  Si  duto  S^  5  per  cent  ad  valorem.  There  is  a  mail  boat  weeldy  te  and  from 
Bom^rld  th?re  is  cable  connection  with  the  Indo-European  telegraph  system.  The 
^l^^^Zof  exchange  is  the  Maria  Theresa  ^on^'f^'>l^l2^^::Zl^^Z'Z 
circulates.  The  weights  in  use  are:  1  Kujas-the  weight  of  ^ /loUa^  "  ^'^^^Vfa  sold 
Kujas  =  l  Maskat  Maund;  10  Maunds  =  lFarasala;  200  Maunds=2  Bahar.  Ri^e^W 
by  the  bag;  other  cereals  by  the  foUowing  measures:  40  Pal.s=l  Farrah,  20  Jarrahs 
1  Khandi. 


f 


i! 


'♦ 


•^ 


I 


498 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


PERSIA 

.  ,  .      .  Area  and  Population 

A  large  country  in  Asia,  bounded  by  the  Caspian  Sea  Persian  Pxnlf  »nH  i    u-      o 
It  has  an  area  of  about  628,000  square  mUes,  and  m  about  flm^nlf   !l  ^™*"*°  ^' 
west,  and  about  700  from  north  to  south  ""*"  '"  '"'«*'•  ^'°™  «'«'  '« 

The  population  is  estimated  at  9,500,000.    The  princioal  eiti«.  nr»  ToX.       *i. 
(population  about  290,000),  Tabriz  200  000  IsoahaT^n^  M^      /^"'  '''*'=*P'"". 
Barfurush  and  Shiraz  50,Oo6,  Yez.  45m^XZZZZttm     The'"  '"''^1 
ports  are  Bushire,  Bender  Abbas  and  Mommerah  on  the  PeraZ  G^Tri  A.T     "^^T^ 
guez,  Enzeli  and  Mechedissar  on  the  Caspian  Sea.  '         ^'"^'  ^'"^"- 

Commerce 

Trade  of  the  United  States  with  Permn     r^Jf  of  ,o*;,.„        r     ^ 

oiaies  witp  rersia.    (Statistics  are  for  fiscal  years  ending  June  30) . 


Total  foreign  trade  for  six  years 


Years 


Imports 


Exports 


Years 


1911-12. 
1912-13. 
1913-14 . 


$55,424,261 
55,168,348 
57,045,836 


Imports 


Exports 


$40,900,272 
42,411,591 
40,279,645 


1914-15 

1915-16. 

1916-17. 


Imports  by  commodities  for  three 


$40,445,065 
37,592,100 
70,723,206 


$32,080,665 
30.547,904 
62,018,460 


years : 


Commodities 


1914-16 


Cottons . 
Sugar... 
Tea 


Gold  and  silver  bars. 
Gold  and  silver  coin. 

Petroleum 

Yarn. 


1915-16 


1916-17 


Flour 

Woolens .' 

Indigo  and  cochineal . 

Haberdashery 

Rice. 


Spices 

Wool '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 

Animals '.'.',*.'' 

Silk  goods !.*.'.'*.' 

Tin.  zinc  and  lead . ".  .* .'  .*  .* !  .* !  .* 

Tobacco 

Copper  and  nickel . ". '.  .* .'  .* ! .'.., 

Iron  and  steel 

Iron  and  steel,  manufactured . 

Timber 

Silkworm  eggs [[[ 


$11,360,000 
10,176,800 
1.852,720 
1.816.320 
313..520 
1,042,880 
841,760 
712,400 
693,760 
89,280 
592,000 
661.680 
262,800 
107,200 
215,520 
299.680 
133,280 
22.5.120 
239.280 
399,680 
836,560 
304.160 
230.720 


$11,120,000 
9,980.400 
2.743.360 
726.720 
270.240 
859,520 
891,520 
370.640 
138,480 
19,520 
334,640 
626,880 
236,240 
145.920 
118,400 
104,880 
38,560 
168,000 
27,600 
602,320 
1,947,120 
377,040 
92.960 


$15,069,600 
6,552.640 
1.851,280 
1,520,880 
928,640 
1.047.680 
1.484,080 
531,200 
221,840 
325.760 
419,040 
876,240 
164,240 
149,520 
302,000 
230.640 
92,720 
64,800 
24.720 
227,120 
1.040,320 
300,720 
66.800 


PERSIA 


499 


Exports  by  commodities  for  three  years: 


Commodities 


1914-15 


1915-16 


1916-17 


Fruits 

Carpets 

Cotton 

Fish 

Rice • : 

Gold  and  silver  coins 

Gums 

Opium 

Wool 

Cocoons 

Skins 

Animals 

Silk  stuff 

Cottons 

Hides 

Silk ••••• 

Wheat  and  barley. . . ; • 

Pearls  and  other  precious  stones 

Drugs 

Timber 

Tobacco 

Pptroleum 


$4,131,600 
2,060.960 
5,878.720 
604.000 
1,710,000 
1,082,400 
452,800 
3,315,680 
976.560 
522,000 
588,320 
775,840 
261,200 
196.480 
1,031,760 
86,320 
592,720 
29.760 
178.960 
142,720 
79,200 


$5,730,800 

1,036,320 

5,711,120 

6,249.280 

4,942.240 

403,920 

599,760 

3,338,560 

1,269,360 

273.440 

828.640 

379.920 

309.840 

177,280 

524,480 

44,480 

386,240 


222,720 

65,760 

141,920 

1,740,640 


$7,234,080 
1,077,680 
4.278,000 
789,600 
5,041.360 
174.880 
697,280 
3.327.760 
1,543,200 
167.360 
701.680 
1,330.480 
240.320 
167,280 
416.720 
48.080 
215.520 
70,960 
192.080 
55,360 
428,480 
5,339,200 


Foreign  trade  by  principal  countries  of  origin  and  destination  for  3  years: 


From  or  To 


Imports 


1914-15 


1915-16 


1916-17 


Exports 


1914-15 


1915-16 


1916-17 


Afghanistan 

Germany 

Austria-Hungary 

Belgium 

China 

Egypt... 

United  States 

British  Empire . 

France  and  colonies 

Italy •••.•• 

Netherlands  and  colonies 

Russia 

Switrerland 

Turkey 

Muscat 

Oman 


$273,132 
1,441,476 
308,775 
626,940 
28,042 
772 
34,992 
11,994,480 
899,100 
320,819 
38,952 
22,557,007 
47,239 
1,545,323 
25,029 
129,674 


$242,173 
32. .562 
17,010 
26,001 
546,750 
12,150 
23,376 
13.714,774 
24,931 
65,551 
51.030 
21,607,074 
2,575 
757,270 
275,562 
131.220 


$806,743 
206,200 
62,888 
190,716 
488,624 
512.467 
41,018 
32,807,143 
273,073 
27,138 
563,760 
32,506,596 
20,572 
1,321,108 
16,169 
763,839 


$240,327 
114,235 
43,035 
18.720 
1,944 
434,187 
357.453 
7,154,080 
90,882 
12,490 
139,482 
21,259,584 
1,944 
1,735,020 
22,958 
451,008 


$138,072 
9,379 
1,944 


$234,290 


6.609 

648,848 

683,656 

6,179,149 

41,310 

115.911 

24 

21,640,802 


717,336 
171,072 
327,517 


2,430 

3,347,266 

1,360,576 

12,460,165 

2.201 


'42,800,829 


978,089 

9,720 

837.198 


Russia  formerly  controUed  about  64  per  cent  of  the  trade  of  Persia,  and  the  British 
Empire  about  30  per  cent.  It  is  probable  that  Great  Bntein  wiU,  m  the  future^ 
control  the  greater  part  of  Persia's  foreign  trade  as  a  result  of  diplomatic  advantages  re- 
cently acquired  by  treaty. 

Production  and  Industry 

The  principal  producte  of  Persia  are  wheat,  barley,  rice,  fruits,  gums,  especi^y  gum 
tragacanth,  wool,  cotton,  silk  and  pearl.    The  opium  industry  is  extensive.    The  b^t 
wool  is  that  produced  in  Khorassan.    Persian  rugs  and  carpete,  all  of  winch  are  hand  made 
are  an  important  article  of  export,  especiaUy  to  the  United  States.     The  centers  of  this 
industry  are  at  Tabriz,  Nermau,  Hamadau,  Teheran,  and  Sultanabad. 

The  mineral  deposits  of  Persia  are  of  great  importance,  especiaUy  the  petroleum  fields. 
Iron,  lead  and  copper  are  produced  in  the  province  of  Azerbaijan;  lead  is  also  found  ncM 
Khaikal.    Coal  is  produced  near  Tabriz.    Extensive  deposits  of  copper  and  ux>n  are  found 


I 


(:■ 


i 


500 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


the  southern  coast  line  on  the  Perel^^if  „lphtha  Zanrt       """iT^  ""  ^*™'"-     ^°°« 
factoring  is  negUgible  with  the  e^eept^niu'e^l^fJ^^ZsT^  "^ '^'^-    '*""'■ 

per  ^n^rbt:  S^S"  lritn''e:t;^'^r ^T"  «"  ^'  -^''-  ^^-«»  'o- 
that  it  will  an.o;„>t  to  60of^or  7  W  to^ZuX"  "'""''^'  '*  "  "''"'"*' 

con>;::;:sTtrAn^tyeii'rc^^^^^^^ 

world.    We«  refineries  ex.Xg  to  de^°„^  thTJ  ttfiT.  ^'^^Tt  ■""*  P""^<=  ■°  t^e 
obtained  would  produce  about  4  om<Zf  ',?*''""""'''"<''"="'''««'">«' being 

have  to  be  Icept  shut  downtr tin'^ih^i"  ^de^lf  ^.  ^k" '  "i  ""^  "*"»'  •---" 
richness  of  this  field  is  given  brthe  atet.m!n*  .w  .^  *^  ""*  ''""'^-     ^"">  '^ea  of  the 

.ce^thatofthewho,e^fthe''Ltntr;J.£^^^^ 

aebent^reT^  -^th:  reSrr;^e!!^r  LT  "^d""*^''  f '^^^'«^  ^'^'^  <>' 
capital,  $10,706,300  is  held  by  the  British  clv^nl  Tlf*^"""^  ''^™'-  ^  ""»  ftal 
the  Government  in  1914  agr^  t^  l"o^de  "'  *'"'*  """  "P'^"**"?  the  amount 

The  company  now  owns  22  vessels  of  «  f/it.i  j«.j      ■  u. 
including  the  nine  tankers  of  the  Sel  S^l^.K     ^.'"ll  *  '^^"''^^  °^  '^^'^'S  tons. 
In  addition  there  are  nine  other  S^eraTf  ?!  ^m  f '"    ,  T  ^"'  '^"'^^  P"""""^' 
being  managed,  thus  provididng  ^t:^ nUt^Z^Z^^r^nZt''  ^''''  "^ 
Commtinications ; 

There  are  six  mUes  of  railway  extending  from  Teheran  t^  Sh.K  *i,j  .  • 
railway  from  Julfo,  on  the  Russian  frontier  to  Tabriz  Th  .^''>'>-AMul-az.m,  and  a 
with  6,312  miles  of  line  and  131  stations  a  laLenartnfl^t  "  "  "'f*""  "^  **'««^»P'"' 
government.  There  are  218  post  offi^  -ZTSlf  ^^'*'  "'  ^"'^"^  ''^  *•-«  British 
camel,  the  latter,  however,  bei^g  use^^y  fLmTaXrNUXr"  "'  "''  ""^  '' 
Money,  Weights  and  Measures: 

counfrro-n  rs^T L^i^°"^L^e  Ztt ^^ If  S*^-"^!^  ^^  <>'  *^« 
normal  value  of  10.08  U.  S.  currency.  Silver  <»Lf^  f  2  »^^''  '^"'  ""  proximate 
Nickel  2  and  1  shahi  pieces  are  also  ooin^  r!^^  '  lu  '  '™^'  '"■  ^  ^'"1  ^  shahis. 
(5  krans)  aad  dohazari  (2  kmns)    Xd  «,,„?  ?''  *''*  ""^'  t^"  ''™°8)  penjhazari 

gold  kran  is  supposed  tol'Z  ,e  ^t^ZfZV.^^rT'' r'''  ""  '^'^«  ">« 
constantly.  Accounts  are  reckoned  in^sa^  Tm^™"' '""^  ^'''"•' f ''°''' fluctuate 
thousandth  of  a  silver  kran.  The  Impe"ialZ.k  oTp  T. !?  u"""  "^'"^  "'""'^  ""e 
Escompte  (affiliated  with  the  Russian^^:^  ra^C^^T  pl^tK.  '''  "'"^"^  ■>' 

The  unit  of  weight  is  the  batman,  equivalent  fnf\KAr^A 
measm.  is  the  zar.  which  varies.  acco^inTtoiv'^lTtJTi'""'  ''"'  ""*  »' 
Languages:  ^ 


PERSIA 


501 


Consular  Representatives : 

United  States  consular  officials  are  stationed  at  Tabriz  and  Teheran.    Persian  consular 
officials  are  stationed  at  San  Francisco,  Chicago,  St.   Louis,  Jersey  City-Hoboken,  New 
York  City,  Philadelphia. 
Shippuig  routes: 

There  are  no  direct  shipping  routes  to  Persian  ports  from  New  York,  and  goods  are 
ordinarily  shipped  via  Aden,  or  via  English  or  Italian  ports. 

Customs  Tariff: 

Both  ad  valorem  duties,  usually  either  5  or  10  per  cent.,  and  specific  duties  are  levied 

by  the  Persian  customs  tariff. 

Consular  regulations: 

No  consular  documents  required.     No  restrictions  aa  to  marks,  weights,  etc. 

Cable  rates:    To  Bushire  via  Azores-Malta-Fao,  $0.74  per  word;  via  Azores-Bombay, 

$1.03  per  word;  to  Bender  Abbas  via  Malta,  $0.86  per  word;  via  Bombay,  $0.92  per  word, 

from  New  York  or  New  England  States. 

Postal  rates:    Postal  Union  rates. 

Man  time:    To  Bender  Abbas,  via  Brindisi,  33  days;  to  Bushire,  via  Brmdisi  31  days. 

Parcels  Post* 

Goods  can  be  sent  by  parcel  post  to  Persia  via  England  at  the  regular  12  cent  rate 

plus  transit  charges. 

Money  orders:    Issued  (for  certain  post-offices  only). 

International  reply  coupons:    Not  issued. 


j 

•J 


i 


502 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


SIAM 

(See  Map,  page  644) 

A  country  in  Asia  bounded  by  French  Indo-China,  Burma  and  thp  <^uih  nu-      a 
n  ha.  an  ar^a  of  195,000  aqua.,  n^es,  being  thus  .L.TZV^  1  Arizona  a^uth 
together,  and  a  population  (1915-16)  of  8,819,868.  «nzona  ana  Utah 

The  climate  is  tropical,  and  the  most  suitable  time  for  travel  is  durins  the  drv  »«,= 
from  November  to  January.    The  rainiest  and  hottest  months  arelS^L^A^Z" 

latio^f^J^I  ^^JTZ^t^'St^^^  t^- 1:;^: 

^^than  13  feet  draught  from  ^^^^^Zt^,^  :^rZoZZtZZ:^^^. 

are  of  various  nationalities,  including  British.  Dutch.TnZ'  ^d  I't^ia:'"  Tht Tr/om": 
Siamese  firms  of  growmg  importance  who  are  able  to  make  direct  importations 

Area  and  Population 

The  area  of  Siam  is  estimated  as  195,000  square  miles  Accordin„  m  fi,.  n:  •  . 
figures  for  191^16  the  total  population  of  he  country  Cs' 819  fiT^ff  ^  !l  "' 
eighteen  monthons,  or  departments  (the  figun.  frBa^ngirk  a^  ffmO)  """' 


Department 


Population 
(1915-16) 


Department 


Krung  Teb  (Bangkok). 

Krung  Kao 

Chantaburi 

Surat 

Nakorn  Chaisri .* 

Nakorn  Rachasima. . . . 

Nakorn  Sawan 

Nakorn  Stritamarat. . . 

Patani 

Prachinburi '. .    ' 


941.526 

650,355 

143,910 

176.791 

306,007 

550,196 

315,816 

502,343 

294,806 

355,291 


Population 
(1915-16) 


Pisanulok 

Bayab 

Petchabun . . 

Puket ; 

Rajaburi. . 

Roi  Et 

Ubon  Rajatani 
Udorn 

Total 


274,625 
1.277,105 
79,719 
233,052 
414.654 
645,665 
901,341 
756,484 


8,819,686 


Commerce 


Trade  of  the  United  States  with  Siam.    (Statistics  are  for  fiscal  years  ending  June  30.) 


Exports  to. . 
Imports  from 


Exports  to 

Imports  from. 


Calendar 
Year  1919 


$1,128,872 
109,442 


«1, 148,484 
156,981 


12,113.851 
173,231 


$1,937,977 
223.827 


SIAM 


503 


Foreign  trade  of  Siam  (sea-borne,  through  Bangkok)  for  3  years  by  principal  countries 
of  origin  and  destination: — 


Countries 


Imports  from 


1913-14 


1916-17 


1917-18 


United  States 

Australia 

Austria-Hungary.  . 

Belgium 

China ; 

Cochin  Cbma 

Denmark ; 

Dutch  Possessions . 

France 

Germany 

Hongkong  

India 

Italy 

Japan 

Netherlands 

Russia 

Singapore 

Switzerland 

United  Kingdom.  . 
All  other  countries , 


Total, 


$1,066,171 
68,357 
169,696 
608.112 
3,250.684 
311,838 
219.953 
997,868 
565,428 
2,458,889 
5,375,366 
3,451,617 
304,055 
777,339 
523,033 
9,104 
5,741.655 
237,029 
7.238.206 
218,070 


$33,591,870 


$1,627,166 
64,600 
410 
14,299 
3,171.990 
257,016 
161,145 
1,279.066 
263,008 
15.021 
5,974,474 
4.068,127 
185,941 
2,160,180 
401,183 
1,536 
5,641,894 
107,118 
6,795.373 
312,940 


$1,775,529 

102,787 

2,234 

5,643 

3,158,422 

332,590 

47,107 

1,568,982 

208,108 


Exports  to 


1913-14 


1916-17 


1917-18 


$32,502,487 


6.455,514 

5.760.893 

56.549 

2,767.872 

271.895 

20 

6,126,836 

98,078 

6,836.864 

342,807 


$35,918,730 


$55,450 
807 
609.421 
825.779 
123.228 
40.609 
61,123 
444.758 
155.604 
2,747.266 
13.771,592 
725,451 
176,130 
220,097 
3,080,019 
3,959 
16,530,756 
2,901 
2.151.860 
1.015,713 


$112,576 
2,859 


206,663 
113,960 
325.795 
747,176 
11,024 


$148,819 
10,640 


363,437 

191,028 

90.259 

1,317,620 

4,007 


$42,742,523 


14,749.479 

1,078,128 

1,628 

101,076 

195 


24,704,977 


2,000.161 
793,300 


14,808,238 
1,643,665 


202,262 


4.336 
24.672.336 


1.766.756 
580.765 


$44,948,997 


$45,804,168 


Foreign  trade  of  Siam  by  principal  classes  for  five  years: 


Classes — Imports 


1914-15 


1915-16 


191&-17 


1917-18 


1918-19 


General  merchandise . 

Alcoholic  liquors 

Opium 

Gold  leaf 

Treasure 


Total. 


$24,879,224 

602.736 

1.069.684 

1.126.595 

1,358,344 


Exports 


Rice 

Teak 

Other  goods. 
Re-exports . . 
Treasure. . . 


Total. 


29,036,583 


31,578,232 

1,866.450 

3,388,654 

523,190 

251,504 


$24,737,360 

690,731 

1,118,340 

773,485 

596,602 


$29,345,151 

837,874 

1,025,649 

1,062,825 

230,988 


27,916,518 


32,449,847 

1.817.391 

3,952,143 

709,220 

282,227 


37,608,030 


39,240,828 


32,502.487 


36.987,188 

1.379,174 

5,187,740 

772,613 

122.282 


$31,745,423 

794,729 

2.013,424 

1,265,280 

99,874 


44,948.997 


35.918,730 


36.208,814 

2,037.356 

5,820.338 

1,089.329 

648,331 


$34,768,400 

592,860 

1,108.556 

1.631,515 

42,678 


45,801,168 


38,144,009 


48,875,662 

2,071,041 

6.764,399 

1,855,964 

384,563 


59,951,629 


Value  of  principal  imports  for  three  years: 


Articles 


1913-14 


1916-17 


1917-18 


Ammunition  and  explosives 

Arms 

Art  works. . . ._ 

Belting,  machine 

Bicycles  and  parts 

Biscuits ■ 

Brass  manufactures 

Carriagee.  etc 

Cement .•.'•■*• 

Chemicals  and  medicines.. 
China  and  earthenware . .  . 


$45,642 

19.007 

58,436 

35,128 

64,494 

121,967 

284.124 

6,167 

259,895 

487,513 

457,016 


$45,537 

857 

819 

66,472 

39,478 

108,639 

192,881 

15,026 

84.447 

648,520 

432,241 


$34,685 
2,529 
29,660 
97,494 
33,213 
21,882 

182,943 

9,705 

92,847 

654,179 

339,329 


i 


^f 


1 

I 


Continued  on  page  504 


li 


504 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Table  Continued: 


Articles 


Clocks  and  watches,  etc. 

Clothing,  articles  of 

Coal  and  coke 

Copper  and  copperware. 

Cordage,  twine,  etc 

Cotton  goods 

Cutlery  (except  tools) ." .' 


I^estufiFs . 
Efec 


fectrical  ^oods  and  apparatus. 

Embroideries,  lace,  etc ■■.".; 

Enamelware 

Fish:  

Canned 

_     All  other 

Flour ■■    ■ 

Glass  and  crystalware ........" 

Gold  leaf 

Gunny  bags 

Hats  and  caps 

Hemp  manufactures,  other  than  cordage 

iron  and  steel  manufactures: 

Bars,  section,  etc 

Galvanized  sheets,  plain  or  corrugated . 

Iron  or  steel  sheets  and  plates 

Machinery:  

Marine 

Milling y... ..[[['.[ 

Other,  and  parts 

Nails,  rivets,  etc 

Railway  material 

Railway  cars,  trucks,  etc ." ..'.'."," 

Wire,  and  manufactures  of , . 

Other 

Jewelry:  

PrSius  sto^r''"'  ^^^'^^^^  P'^*^  '^"^>- 
Set 

Unset 

Lamps  and  parts .....*!..!!. 

Leather  manufectures: 
Boots  and  shoes .  . 

Other '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 

Matches '.'.... 

Matting  and  rattan  goods!   . . 

Meat,  preserved 

Milk,  canned 

Motor  cars  and  parts. 

Motorovcles. 
Musical  insti 
Oils: 

Mineral 

Lubricating ... 

Oilcloth,"  etc 

Opium 

Painter's  colors 

Pai»r  and  manufactvu^  of,'  books,  etc! 

perfumery  and  cosmetics 

Rubber  goods 

Silk  and  manufactures: 

Piece  goods 

Raw 

„  Other 

Soap '.'.'.'..'. 

Spices  and  condiments. .............'. 

Sporting  goods  and  games. ....... 

Stationery  other  than  paper. 

Sugar  and  molasses 

Tea 

*  "WB 

Tobacco  and  manufactures . .' ."       .'  .* .'  .* .' '. 
Treasure,  goW  coin,  etc 

vSSbh" 

VegetabiM,dri^'.;. 

wax 

Wine,  beer,  spirits,  etc 


instruments . 


1913-14 


r7.ii7 

72,000 
158,606 

68,599 

140,119 

6,762,886 

79.576 

70.936 
415.851 
207.122 
164.075 

119,057 
261,738 
196,866 
190.303 
1.528,352 
1,711.124 
255,555 
122,479 

194,861 

306,378 

33,169 

110,801 

89,788 
554.022 
113.384 
590,464 
84,873 
37.430 
503,963 

215.952 

37,770 
303,411 
145.999 

55,823 
181,099 
306.627 
426,922 
518,373 
128,302 
244,639 

9.640 
31.489 

874.123 
467.563 
41.379 
827,530 
127,306 
424,306 
158,695 
119,508 


1,251,204 

60,511 

107,302 

110,456 

203,866 

24.437 

66,360 

1,280.392 

297,760 
39,288 

628,077 
1.122,482 

188,365 
14,914 

338,538 
64,134 

714.234 


1916-17 


$81,976 

112,349 

367,937 

39.043 

193.312 

6.508,545 

57.253 

87,360 

316,348 

160,775 

116,260 

59,148 

302.896 

212,307 

220,921 

1.062.825 

1.983.013 

235,748 

67.410 

341,133 
64,957 
62.407 

78.733 

2.810 

439,978 

69,137 
137,183 
192,487 
183,750 
390,620 

168,246 

40,344 
228.982 
140.250 

58.148 
258,310 
661,064 
421,655 

52,125 

118,342 

214,692 

7,905 

25,164 

1.312.289 

100,753 

32.270 

1.025.649 

211,762 

603,451 

201,959 

165.081 


1,115.124 

45.702 
120.169 
158.269 
238.505 

92,723 

100.295 

1,203.429 

295.071 

29.535 
829,098 
230,988 
160,966 

16,699 
414.843 

40.415 
837.874 


1917-18 


$56,870 
103,568 
645,673 

49,708 

281.122 

8,979,420 

96,489 

59,026 
307,371 
112.389 

76,561 

18,800 

351,800 

284,552 

194,356 

1,265,280 

2.304,389 

243,070 

68,340 

241.979 
38,589 
86.774 

37,404 

3,093 

242,723 

61,322 

11.411 

24,964 

197,579 

371,923 

46,576 

38,998 
70,542 
63,687 

49,316 
235,981 
501,124 
460,812 

37.138 
148.974 
152,823 

19,364 

19,605 

1.681.004 

116.063 

20.807 

2.013.424 
141,437 
657,636 
177,910 
166.800 

1,020,667 
109,371 
103,371 
227,400 
170,056 
100,591 

91,411 
162,608 
316,478 

22.091 
861.666 

99.874 
139,623 

22.244 
431,237 

68.964 
794.739 


Continued  on  page  505 


SIAM 


.505 


rnhle  Continued: 


Articles 


Wood  and  manufactures: 

Planks,  etc 

Furniture 

Other  manufactures . . 

Woolen  goods 

Yam,  cotton: 

White 

Colored: 

Turkey  red 

Other 

Zinc  and  manufactures . 
Another  articles 


Total. 


1913-14 


$3$62,823 

125.495 

41,659 

150.872 

388.543 

130,298 

359,802 

60,103 

2,772,616 


1916-17 


1917-18 


$255,751 

49.721 

59.702 

129.336 

306.960 

61.595 

262,185 

32,830 

3,693,833 


$33,591,870 


$32,502,487 


$176,454 

22.460 

62,889 

142,492 

604,409 

89.767 

566,338 

37.333 

4,651.579 


$35,918,730 


Value  of  principal  exports: 


Articles 


1913-14 


Armadillo  skins. 


Bones 

Cardamons  •  •  • 


Copra. 

Cotton. 

Damar. 


Fish. 


Gamboge .  .^ 

Gum  benzoin. . . 
Hides  and  skins. 


Horns. 


Lac,  stick  or  crude 
Mussels 


Pgodbf     •..••••• • ** 

Precious  stones  (including  re-export) . 
Rice  and  paddy 


Rubber. 


Salt. 

Silk  and  manufactures: 

Piece  goods 

Raw 

Wolfram  (tungsten)  ore. 
Wood: 

Teak 

Agila  and  others 

All  other  articles 


Total. 


$11,315 
5,901 
44.128 
2.668 
116,283 
2,889 
666.173 
13.147 
11,888 
908,617 
56,670 
173.907 
313,378 
318.704 
177.139 
36,518.687 
33,431 
43.253 

345,102 

130.688 

395 

1.952,216 
278,313 
517,631 


$42,742,523 


Imports  of  foodstuffs  for  three  years: 


Articles 


1913-14 


Biscuits 

Butter 

Cereals 

Cheese 

Fish: 

Sardines,  canned. .  ■  ■ 

Salmon,  canned 

Flour 

Meat,  preserved 

Milk,  canned 

Molasses 

Spices  and  condiments. 

Sugar 

xea ...«.*• 

Vegetables,  dried 


$535,296 

41,469 

167.426 

11,893 

96.581 

481,756 

3,950,186 

98,947 

803.892 

6.384,051 

3.498,815 

20.545.101 

619.454 

4,981.767 


191&-17 


$12,066 
8.990 
82,462 
581 
32,589 
15.718 
557,530 
38,210 
1,687 
960,979 
31,786 
273.161 
177,006 
221,677 
218.265 
36,987.188 
12,671 
83.065 

439,422 

211,212 

59,961 

1,879,174 

539,805 

2,103.793 


$44,948,997 


1916-17 


$327,872 

36.454 

129,212 

6,639 

33,675 

162.629 

2.833.248 

73.770 

524,510 

10,007,074 

3,725,584 

10,595,230 

648.038 

5.186.444 


1917-18 


$11,605 
6.648 
73.988 
352 
31.342 
5,077 
426,343 
81.172 
3.857 
915.123 
22,990 
171.105 
229.916 
368,610 
185,651 
36,208,813 
13.228 
118.228 

557.189 

225,154 

16.487 

2,037.356 

490.973 

3.602,961 


$45,804,163 


1917-18 


$57,402 

42.644 

150,655 

5.029 

6.314 

8,570 

3.074.921 

48.627 

429.292 

9.658,430 

2.692,387 

13.922,429 

597,776 

4.247.574 


506 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


SIAM 


507 


Exports  of  foodstuffs  for  three  years,  in  tons: 


Articles 


Cardamons 

Copra 

Fish 

Mussels,  dried . . 

Pepper 

Rice  and  paddy. 


1913-14 


.tons 
.tons 
.tons 
.tons 
.tons 
.tons 


1916-17 


1917-18 


136 

41 

15,262 

2.169 

1.284 

1,314.858 


183 

13 

12.880 

1.765 

976 

1.318.966 


120 

9 

13,268 

2.226 

1.249.276 

Production  and  Industry 
The  principal  agricultural  product  of  the  countryis  rice,  the  total  croo  in  IQi 'wIAK  • 
reported  as  5,180,600  tons.    Much  land  has  been  reclaimed  by  iLi^^^^^^^ 
yield  of  paddy  in  1915-16  was  4  4fiSQn^  «K«.f  *  anueu  oy  urigation.     The  total 

1917-18  Lounted  to  1  24q^^fi  t  !,  f '  *^^  ^"^'^  ^  ^""'^^  ^^^^^t^es  in 

animals  were  reported  in  1916  as  totallintT IvrTcr      ^  ^  ^^"^^    domestic 

Mttip  in>!  ft7a  k  ■"*""'  ™  totaumg  4,567,527,  and  as  consistmg  of  2,336  930  heaH  nf 

cattle,  105,678  horses  and  pomes,  2,120,180  buffaloes  and  5,333  elephanto 

and  B^r"T"'^F'^'"'^  T  ^""^  '^'~«e,  pepper  and  salt,  dried  6sh,  lae  cattle 

(12,074  594)  in  1917  n.  ^  '  ^'  f  .  .  '  ^"'^  *°'"  "*  ^^"'>  "^"'^  >'  J1,636,31S 
^^^^o,^ZZ^:^l^ZL^^ZZ^"^^^''o"^-^^-    The  norma.  «oat 

cessio^'^AmfB^o^l""*  is*""  "  7"  ?^""  ~''"™  ""'  '"^«°«  '^"^  — 
while  defectlX  af ^we^iito  E  ^Z  "'" *" ""k"" ''^ '^^ '""^ '"'° «''"'^- 
givcn  as  40  cubic  fe^r   ZZZJ  ,  ""^u^  *^"'"''  '*'"*°*»  °'  ^l^  ^l"*™  « 

.on.  tho.frorjr.&sL"'  =XS  L^Te.XS;'-'-  " 

andr^^rssr^--^^^^ 
M.arr£^«:th:r"c:i^;!^^^^^^ 

b^  aS^^ShLlC/tf  "-^  "  '''^"*  '•"«'  tons.*T.^'trt  isX"^ 

firms  L  noTttivdv  Tnlf  *  ..'"^"'-  °T*  *°  *''*  ^"^^  *''*'  "  """"be'  "f  '■>«■> 
peninsS^  Z  ^fl'^T'"^  ,*''^  mmeral-bearing  areas  throughout  the  entS 
ab^SOoT^nrft^    *^-^  for  workmgs  according  to  modem  methods.    At  present 

Its  ;  «  '^S^ti^'t^"'*?  T  ""^^  "^'^  "^"^  """^  "y  Chinese  mS 
March  31   mltllttm7J'^:„Zt^..^,  '"^"""°"    '"'    ""^    ^^""''    >'«"   ^-ded 


The  Siamese  Government  coUects  a  royalty  on  tin  and  tin  ore  amountmg  to  about 
25  per  cent  of  the  market  price  of  metallic  tin  in  Singapore,  the  fluctuations  m  value  at  the 
utS  place  being  adjusted  and  the  rate  reckoned  according  to  a  royalty  scale  pubhshed 
^Ae  Siamese  dovenunent  Gazette  from  time  to  time.  WhJe  the  actual  percentage  of 
1  aUic  tin  in  the  ore  can  not  be  ascertained,  the  Government,  for  revenue  coUec tmg 
1™  estimates  the  tin  ore  which  is  exported  from  the  east  coas  of  Siamese  Malaya 
I  ^^  65  per  cent,  and  that  from  the  west  coast  70  per  cent  metalUc  tm 

Of  the  total  output  of  tin  in  1917-1918,  from  Siamese  Malaya,  amountmg  to  153  782 
Diculs  (9,153.6  long  tons),  131,999  piculs,  (7,S57.11ongton8),  were  recovered  m  the  d^tnct 
of^et;  1^520  picute  (8^4.7  long  tons),  in  Patani,  5,899  piculs  (351.1  long  tons),  m  Nakon 
Sritamarat,  and  2,364  piculs  (140.7  long  tons),  in  Surat. 

Output  of  metallic  tin  in  Siamese  Mayala  for  11  years  ended  March  31,  1918. 


Fiscal  year 


Tin  from  dredging 


Tin  obtained  by  other 
methods 


Total  tin  output  from  all 
sources 


Piculs 


Long  Tons 


Piculs 


Long  Tons 


Piculs 


Long  Tons 


1907-«.. 
1908-9. . 
1909-10. 
1910-11. 
1911-12. 
1912-13. 
1913-14. 
1914-15. 
1915-16. 
1916-17. 
1917-18. 


467 
2.428 
7,372 
11,451 
23.317 
32,946 
30.026 
29.686 
46.829 
47,298 
61.343 


27.8 

144.5 

438.8 

681.6 

1,387.9 

1,961.0 

1,787.2 

1.767.0 

2.787.4 

2,815.3 

3,056.1 


71,971 
77.659 
71.911 
70.804 
76.310 
77.678 
83.336 
81.045 

104,346 
99,961 

102,439 


4,283.9 
4,622.5 
4.280.4 
4.214.5 
4.542.2 
4.623.6 
4.960.4 
4.824.1 
6.211.0 
5,950.0 
6,097.5 


72,438 

80,087 

79,283 

82.255 

99,627 

110,624 

113,362 

110.731 

151.175 

147,259 

153.782 


4,311.7 
4.767.0 
4.719.2 
4.896.1 
5.930.1 
6,584.6 
6.747.6 
6,591.1 
8.998.4 
8.765.3 
9.153.6 


It  is  beUeved  that  there  are  yet  great  possibiUties  for  ""^B  f  velopmente  m  Siam. 
Hitherto,  because  of  hick  of  adequate  faciUties  for  transportation  it  has  b^^Jl^^  "^^^"^ 
bearing  ^reas  situated  near  the  centers  of  popuUvtion  that  have  ^1^^°^'^"'^ 
vast  mountain  ranges  and  slopes  on  the  Burm^iajn  frontiers  have  been  n^tected  Fu^ 
ther  extension  of  the  Siamese-Malayan  system  of  raJways  by  ^rai^ch  Imeejnto  th^ 
unprospected  regions  offers  fair  chances  for  advancmg  the  Kingdom  s  fame  as  a  mimng 
center,  especially  tor  tin  and  tungsten,  and  possibly  for  molybdenum. 
RailwaTS.Teleeraphs,  Telephones,  Post  Offices: 

Xay  Sge  1917,  1,227.  Length  of  telegraph  Un^,  *-^'j^'^l^'^:^^. 
miles;  number  of  offices,  78.  There  were  two  telephone  exchanges  with  794  '^t™^, 
there  are  two  wireless  stations.  Post  offices  number  285,  of  which  four  do  a  foreign  money 
order  business. 

"°"sI;:^irSra^yr:rrb.U.Theunitof  currency  is  thesUver^^^^^ 
imately  10.36  United  States  currency.   SUver  coins  are  2  salmjg  equa  <»  >«f  »  ^l^^^r^ 
about  10.18  United  States  currency),  and  one  salung  (^o^h  about  $0.09  UmtedStet« 
currency).    Nickel  coins  are  the  10  santang.  equal  to  A  tical  and  5   santang.     Bro^ 
coin,  one  santang.    Currency  notes  are  issued  by  the  government  for  5,  10.  20,  100.  and 

''•^T^riincipal  measure  of  weight  is  the  tical.  equal  to  0.525  ounc^;  4  ^-^  -^^f 
to  1  tamlung  (2.1  ounces);  20  tamlungs  are  equal  to  1  chang  (or  catty).  (2.675  PO-indsK 
The  priBcip^  measures  of  length  are  the  niu.  equal  to  0.83  mch;  12  mu.  eq,^  to  1  ke^ 
(10  inches);  2  keup  equal  1  sok  (20  inches);  4  sok  equal  1  wah  (80  inches);  20  wah  equal 
1  sen  (133  feet)  and  400  sen  equal  to  1  yote. 


, 


508 


EXPORTERS  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Language: 

reepoIl'cT'*'  °'  *'^  ~""*'^  ^  ^'--'  ^"*  E»«^''  "  ««<1  '-  foreign  trade  ^. 

Local  Advertising  Media: 

The  press  of  Siam  is  centered  at  Bangkok.    Principal  dailies  are  printed  in  thp  Pn  i-  u 
language,  but  there  are  several  good  Siamese  and  Chinese  pape^     "^  ^"  ^^^^^ 

Consular  Representatives: 

United  States  has  a  vice-consul  at  Bangkok 
Siam  has  consuls  in  San  Francisco,  Chicago  *  and  New  York  City 
Shipping  Routes: 

Customs  Tariff: 

weiin^'^e '""'""*'  ""  '^"^-    ^'°''=«'  "-'  '^^y  -«"-".  O-tity,  net 

mpnf?^"'"*''*  r™***  °""*  "^  °''*^°*<^  f™-"  »»>«  Government  of  the  Straita  Settle- 
menta  at  Singapore  for  motor  cars  and  accessories  exported  via  Singapore 

Cable  Rates:  From  New  York  or  New  England  Stat«,  $0.94  per  word. 
Postal  Rates:  Postal  Union  rates. 
Mail  Time:  Via  London,  forty  days. 
Parcels  Post: 

Money  Orders:  Issued  to  Bangkok  and  Chiengnai. 
International  Reply  Coupons:  Issued. 


SIBERU 

(See  Under  Russia  in  Europe) 


SIKKIM 

An  Indian  state  in  the  Himalaya  Mountains  south  of  Thibet  with  an  arP>.  nf  9  fti« 
square  miles  and  a  population  (1911)  of  87Q90     Tf  i-  *    /     .      ^^^^rea  of  2,818 

The  Drinpinnl   f«,^o  A  .  87,920.    It  is  a  protectorate  of  Great  Britain. 

"mcipai  exports  are  gram,  vegetables,  fruits,  wool,  lumber  and  hides 
Shipping  Rootes:  See  India. 


STRAITS  SETTLEMENTS 


509 


STRAITS  SETTLEMENTS 

A  British  colony  in  the  Malay  Peninsula,  southern  Asia,  bordering  on  the  Straitp  of 
Malacca  including  Singapore,  an  island  having  an  area  of  220  square  mJes;  Penang,  an 
S  toving  an  La  of  107  square  miles;  Province  WeUesley,  a  strip  o  territory  on  the 
Sand  with  a  total  area  of  270  square  mUes,  and  Malacca,  a  strip  o  «emtory  42  mil« 
^!!Wng  in  width  from  8  to  24  miles.  The  population  in  1911  was  714  069.  AssociatM 
Scally  ^th  the  Straits  Settlements  are  the  Cocos  Islands,  Christmas  Island  and  Labuan. 

The  seat  of  government  and  principal  commercial  city  is  Smgapore  (populatoon 
303  321),  which  is  about  as  large  as  Mimieapolis.  There  are  in  the  Settlements  about 
mooo  Chinese,  262,000  Malays  and  91,000  natives  of  India.  The  mimigration  statistjcs 
for'l915  show  91,730  immigrants  from  China  and  75,320  from  India  m  that  year.  The 
laneuage  of  the  Straits  Settlements  is  English.  .   .  ■     • 

Singapore  is  a  free  port  and  one  of  the  most  important  coahng  stations  and  shipping 
ports  in  the  world.  It  is  a  port  of  call  for  aU  steamers  between  Europe  and  the  Orient^ 
and  is  served  by  more  than  fifty  lines  of  steamers.  It  is  a  commercial  center  for  the  Dutch 
East  Indies,  French  Indo  China  and  Siam,  and  its  trade  is  extensive 

The  mercantile  establishments  are  of  two  types,  the  great  wholesale  establishments 
doing  an  import  and  export  business,  which  are  principally  of  European  nationahty, 
the  retaU  shops  which  are  principaUy  in  the  hands  of  the  Chinese,  who  do  not  miport 
directly.    There  are,  however,  several  large  European  department  stores  m  bmgapore 

which  do  their  own  importing.  .  ,   •        i  j  .i.i.„„„i. 

The  climate  of  Singapore,  and  of  the  Straits  Settlements  m  general,  a  mild,  although 

Singapore  Ues  but  eighty  mUes  north  of  the  Equator.    There  are  no  defimte  changes  of 

eeasons,  but  May  is  the  hottest  month  and  January  the  ramiest. 

Commerce 
United  States  statistics  of  foreign  trade  also  include  under  the  classification  ''Straits 

Settlements"  the  Federated  Malay  States,  the  non-federated  Malay  States  and  adjacent 

islands.    As  thus  classified  this  trade  has  been  as  follows:    (Statistics  for  fiscal  years  ending 

June  30.) ---==^======== 


1013 


1914 


1915 


1916 


Exports  to. . 
IiipoBxe  from 


$3,606,901 
35,712,185 


$4,184,674 
26.307.860 


$3,845,765 
24.989.878 


$4,585,231 
82,114,598 


Calendar 
Year 
1919 


Exports  to. 
Imports  from . 


$7,734,439 
89.984.94j6 


$8,810,297 
159.188.127 


$12,200,452 
137,576,918 


$12,134,504 

145.862,447 


Foreign  trade  of  the  Settlements  for  three  years: 


Imports 

Exports 

Classes 

1915 

1916 

1917 

1915 

1916 

1917 

Live  animals,  foods, 
drinks,  and  narootics 

Raw  materials 

Manufactured  and 
partlv  manufactured 
articles 

$93,247,000 
108.838,000 

40,280,000 
6,083,000 

$107,281,000 
140,046,000 

53,690,000 
6,750,000 

$135,099,000 
165,176.000 

59,786,000 
7,082,000 

$76,490,000 
122,236,000 

27.546,000 
3,062,000 

$86,383,000 
158,110,000 

32,571,000 
2,448,000 

$104,370,000 
211,300,000 

36.207,000 
2.146.000 

Coin  and  bullion 

Total 

$248,448,000 

$307,767,000 

$367,143,000 

$229,334,000 

$279,512,000 

$354,023,000 

\i 


t 
* 


i: 


I! 


510 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Value  of  importa  by  countries  of  origin  in  1916  and  1917: 


United  Kingdom 

British  India  and  Burma 
British    North    Borneo, 

fearawak,  and  Brunei. 
Wong  Kong. .  . . 

Union  of  SouthAfiica' 
Australia  and  New  Zea- 
land .... 
/>t     I     

Ceylon... 

t^anada 

Egarpt .      *  * 

Other  British  JPossesaions 


$27,384,899 
26,970,705 

6,048,666 

20,830,827 

1,600,940 

3,316,476 

269,971 

114,573 

243,091 

4,282 


$27,275,913 
34,179,669 

4,635,866 

22,540,538 

2,080,850 

5,439,289 

259,176 

593.598 

186.950 

7,826 


China 

France .'.'.*!.'.'. 

Denmark '.'..' 

French  Indo-China 

Italy 

Japan 

Netherlands ...!!! 

Netherlands  East  India.' 

Norway 

Siam .'.'.'.■.'.■■ 

Spam 

Sweden 

United  States .....'.'..''. 
PhiHppine    Islands    and 
Sulu 


•7,819,979 
1.873,562 
219,805 
7,993,634 
2,553,142 
12,941.267 
1,515,674 
51.220,356 
1,262,193 
36,270,154 
141,141 
236,273 
6,776,812 


$8,134,093 
1.324.70S 
tn  U2.5(H 
10.521,947 
1.269. .522 
19.761,043 
444.060 
61,537.497 
428,402 
44,200,2a5 
107.541 
„    91.401 
9.446.071 

266.968 


Quantity  and  value  of  imports  by  principal  commodities  in  1916 


and  1917; 


Articles 


1916 


Live  Animals,  Food,  Drinks,  and  Narcotics: 


Animals 

Beans  and  peas.  .  .*.'.*.'.' 
Bread  and  biscuits.  *..".' 
Butter  and  cheese.  .....'.' 

Chocolate  and  cocoa 
Coffee •  •  •  ■  ■ 

Confectionery*. '.'.'.'.'.'.,',  [  [ ' 

Curry  stuffs 

Drugs  and  medicines. '. '."  ' 
Fish 

Flour,  wheat 

Fruits..  

Lard .;;;:;;: 

Malt  liquors  and  wines  *  .* .' 
Milk,  condensed.. 

Oilman's  stores ■.'.*,'/ 

l^epper 

Rice '. 

Sago 

Salt ,' 

Sugar * 

Tea '.'.'.'.'.'.'. 

Tobacco 


.  number 
. . . .  tons 


.tons 
.tons 


. . .  tons 
. . .  tons 

. . .  tons 

.  gallons 

.  .cases 


.tons 
■  tons 
.tons 
.tons 
-tons 
.tons 
.tons 


Raw  Material: 

Copal 

Copra . . . 
Damar 

Gambier...;;;;: 

Outta,  inferior.., 
Gutta-percha.  .  . 

Hides,  raw 

Nuts 

Oil:  

Beniine 

Liquid  fuel 

Lubricating. . . 

Peanut 

Petroleum....". 

Rattans 

Rubber,  Para.... 
Textile  materials. 

Timber 

Tin 

Im  ore 


. . . . tons 
. . . . tons 
. . . . tons 
...  tons 
. . .tons 
. . . tons 
. . .  tons 
. . . tons 

.  gallons 
. .  .tons 
.  gallons 
. . .  tons 

•  •  CSBGS 

. .  .tons 
. . . tons 
. . . tons 

•  ••••• 

. . . tons 
. . . tons 


360,331 
19,268 


268 
2,013 


56,590 
29.661 

V.842' 
2,185.112 
572,255 

2l",335* 

880,270 

61,955 

35,155 

93,952 

4,563 

5,835 


4,934 
87.857 

7,281 

4,761 

12,556 

926 

8.111 
15.434 

1,001,625 

137,235 

1,438,052 

7,326 

1,418.512 

26,515 

8,100 

8,037 

, 

519 
24.291 


Quantity 


Value 


$3,547,207 
919.308 
565,675 
348.628 
94.897 
650.789 
132.566 
821.836 
1.752.332 
6.132,631 
2,155,311 
1,259,654 
400.0.50 
3,613.137 
3.577.844 
1.304.925 
5.857.206 
36.936.685 
2.057.585 
348.015 
8.602.072 
1,504.958 
6.734,041 


602,220 
7,683.031 
465,800 
821,875 
936,107 
354.250 
2.804.511 
925.234 

563,186 

2.392.008 

767.550 

1,243,399 

2,656.950 

1,570,815 

7,981.067 

730.292 

811,549 

366,216 

13,674,957 


1917 


Quantity 


Value 


277.138 
22.120 


104 

4,995 


43,590 
34,811 


1.684 

2.030.521 

455.897 


20.576 

1,036,540 

40,312 

42.101 

201.671 

4.816 


4.515 
43.802 
8.252 
3.922 
8.207 
1,435 
5.201 
37,770 

1,396.695 

33.432 

984.423 

7,162 

821.547 

21.326 

9.770 

2.440 

482 

16,229.258 


$3,601,972 
1.354,739 
148,254 
452,189 
34,784 
1,102,847 
89,314 
608,709 
1,823,963 
5.284.440 
3.029,021 
1,307.719 
489.697 
3.179.812 
3.793.657 
1,023.099 
5.971.521 
47.773.487 
1.128.724 
477.766 
19.927.823 
1,763,426 
8.501,824 


545.542 

2.899.343 

582.241 

658.704 

692.341 

645.005 

2.226.554 

2,433,000 

648,452 

626.633 

533.012 

1.641.050 

1.613.163 

1.388.936 

9.955.706 

385.149 

1,050,395 

440,535 

16,229,258 


STRAITS  SETTLEMENTS 


fnhle  Continued: 


Articles 


1916 


Quality 


Value 


.casks 
.pieces 


.tons 

.tons 
.tons 


jianufactured  Articles: 

Ammunition 

Arros,  etc. . ... • 

\pparel.  hosiery,  etc 

Bamboo  and  rattan  ware 

Boots  and  shoes 

Books  and  maps 

Cement 

Chemicals 

Cotton  piece  goods . 

Crockery  and  porcelam 

Cycles  and  accessories 

Hardware  and  cutlery 

Hats  and  caps 

Hides,  tanned.  . .  .  .  ...  ■  .■•  •••:■• 

India-rubber  goods,  including  tires 

Iron,  corrugated 

Iron  nails 

Joss  sticks  and  paper 

Machinery 

Matches _ v.«««« 

Mats  and  matting 

Motor  cars,  etc .•••;,:•••.■ 

Paints,  varnishes,  and  anihne  dyes 

Paper  and  paper  goods 

Perfumery  and  cosmetics 

SaroHRS.  slendangs.  and  kains corges 

Sewing  thread 

Silk  goods 

Soap 

Stationery ;  • 

Tar K^,^«o 

Tin  plate •  v  :    •  •, * 

Tools,  instruments,  and  implements 

Towels,  canvas,  etc 

Umbrellas,  etc 

Wooden  manufactures 

Woolen  goods 

Yam 


•  ■  •  •  • 


383,766 
'4,828,669* 


93,383 


34 

V,279" 
4.504 


40,747 


371,722 


200,142 


$197,094 
32.286 
2,026.089 
239.997 
387,205 
296,949 
1.182,598 
1.152,277 
10,117,022 
895,672 
416,769 
589,554 
1.304.266 
2.465,447 
569.678 
18.496 
1.149.435 
184.106 
522.243 
589,955 
1.906.354 
977.635 
413.135 
1.525.509 
630,100 
1.420,755 
569,233 
4,502,568 
545,555 
1,627,146 
683,146 
533,185 
101.242 
1.364.795 
386.088 
436.865 
238.711 
996.176 
339.390 
1.155.246 


Quantity  and  value  of  principal  articles  of  domestic  export: 


Articles 


1916 


Tons 


Value 


Animals ;  •  •  ;  •  j: \' 

Areca  nuts  and  other  spices  (excluding  pepper) 

Copra 

Cutch 

Fish 

Fruits 

Gambier 

Gum: 

Copal 

Damar 

Other 

Gutta-percha 

Gutta,  inferior 

Hides,  raw 

Nuts 

Pepper 

Rattans 

Rubber,  Para *  •  •  • 

Sago 

Shells 

Tapioca 

Tin 

Wolfram  and  scheelite  ores 

Wool 


®1,122 

■73,667' 
4.766 
45,389 

"15,637" 

5.856 
6,813 

" '2.577  ■ 

9.862 

3,753 

9.601 

19,339 

23,129 

59,316 

59.964 

1.905 

31.054 

65.231 

705 


$50,226 
4.415.353 
6,828.854 

403.179 
5.418.351 
2.955.992 
2.487.212 

757,050 
658,613 
430,054 
840.191 
822.021 
936.343 
463,404 

5.508.595 

2.159,900 
74.308.447 

2.679.448 
526.997 

2.435.611 

55.444,216 

562.570 

1 .088.509 


511 


1917 


Quality 


Value 


•        •••■• 


383.146 
■4,'789,9ii" 


91,057 


24 


1.453 
3,933 


44,279 


325,721 


82.616 


•   •   •   • 


$129,778 
28.335 
2.022.303 
290.118 
296.998 
265.638 
1,180.781 
1,102.402 
10,032.789 
1,237,135 
468.698 
551,940 
1,639.104 
2.322,220 
332,991 
13.496 
1.061.528 
297.769 
486.843 
871,969 
1.815.479 
1.257.941 
494,817 
1,987.598 
588.923 
1.329.490 
442.676 
4.399.361 
597.490 
1.226.891 
818.290 
638.483 
80.804 
830.800 
480.738 
504.179 
252.277 
2,136,453 
433.301 
1.669,289 


Tons 


®  1,233 


77,603 

3,162 

47,974 

11,146' 

4,107 
5,717 

3,921 

5,209 

2.313 

23,352 

25.193 

19.726 

96.592 

45,483 

1,153 

39,782 

64,027 

1,038 


1917 


Value 


$74,448 
4.273.787 
5.771,567 

350.753 
5,412.678 
1.134.439 
1,945,090 

505,889 

430.483 

474.002 

1.557.328 

432.766 

723.483 

1.681.271 

7.893.547 

2.286.377 

118.447.759 

1.942.010 

304,731 

4.240.379 

66.896.362 

922.968 

796.802 


U 


.-'I' 


Ck>ntinued  on  page  511 


Note:  ®  number. 


512 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


STRAITS  SETTLEMENTS 


513 


Value  of  exports  to  principal  countries  of  destination  in  1916  and  1917: 


Countries 


1916 


1917 


Countries 


Denmark. .. 

France 

Italy 

Japan 

Netherlands 


SI. 085.000 

6.395,000 

2,161,000 

6,633,000 

78,000 


1916 


SI  .766,000 
8,614,000 
4,078,000 

10,137,000 


I 


1917 


Russia,  Asiatic . . 

Spain 

United  Kingdom 
United  States . . . 


S9, 129,000 

355,000 

53,123,000 

76,341,000 


S4 ,569,000 

365.000 

56.315,000 

117.569.000 


Production  and  Industry 

tin  «!?''  """*  toportant  producto  of  the  Straits  Settlements  in  point  of  value  are  rubber 
^tT^etT'.  In  norm<a  times  a  flourishing  business  is  done  in  the  raising  of  ^eSS' 

,r^-    ,      "**  "*  Spgapore-    Pepper  and  other  spices,  nuts,  sago,  and  taoioca  rfp 
?nh"S.'""°*'*'"'  ■""  ''"'"'  ^  "-  -"-^S  ^-'<1  of  woUrl'and  sohX  0- 

and  flt^t  w'*^  "^T  *"'  ^.T"^"  """^'  *"<^'"*^  •"«  ^"^  "^  remarkable  growth, 
Mia  at  present  Singapore  is  the  world's  greatest  rubber  market.    Exports  of  Para  rubbed 

"i  vr^T,u8i77,r';t'"^f  *'*'^-^'-  ^"  »9i7shiSslo!lrdS 

MOlOmr  F   *"*'*t^-'«»-     The  value  of  that  going  to  the    United  States    was 
K'^"    .S?'''*^.'?^  J"«»-P«^cha  during  1917  amounted  to  3.921  tons,  vaTued  " 

$  S^  for  ,Q^  ^^      r'f^  °'  ""'•^^  ""^  ""»'•*'  P™^"«««  "ggregated  nearly 
il20.m.m  for  1917.     Exports  of  Para  rubber  during  1918  reached   onTy   64,823  ton, 

markrt  '  '^elZtr^'f  r  ""  '^'  ^"^1  •'"^"<*'"  °'  '^  "^  '''^  «  *•>«  -°'W'»  foremost 

SS^eSi.  "  "  "'"'''"'  '°  **"*  """^"'y  of  ^OP^"  ^^PO^tod  in  1917  over 

Money:  The  Straite  Settlements  doUar  has  a  value  of  10.568  United  States  currency. 
M  cents'"""  ""  "■'  '^■^°""'  ""■  '"  '^'^  «  -*"*  P'««««.  ''°<1  "'PPe'  «>ins  of  1,  H,  and 

^S"rsLi:T::eirfou'r'*  ^"*^'"  '^  -''"'^"^  ^^''<^"'''  ^''^  -«-  *«-. 

if  Dll°it^^tf''  °'  !,*  ^Z\    '  P1<=»1  =  100  Catty,  or  133  M  pounds.     1  Koyan  = 

tnt^?^e1.oZ:t705  H3  ^i  '"^1'''  '-""'^^  ">^  ^'""^  ''«-  "  »*' "^^ 
MeasuiU  of  ^^rZ;t       "-/"Sl*-*  Pounds.   TheSe  measures  are  sometimes  used  in  Penang. 

anT^I^ul  varvtZi       r^f  ^^'^""^  ■""  '""P"*  ("J""*^'    The  native  weighs 
ana  measures  vary  accordmg  to  local  custom  or  industrial  use. 

^ly  s4^"^rr°'  ''i^Straits  Settlements  connect  with  those  of  the  Federated 
xviaiay  oiates.     ihe  gauge  of  both  is  1  meter. 


Language:  English  is  the  language  of  trade. 

Local  Advertising  MedU: 

There  are  two  important  English  daiUes  published  in  Singapore  and  several  Chmese 

papers. 

Shipping  Routes: 
Barber  Line. 

American  and  Oriental  Line. 
American  Asiatic  Steamship  Company. 
American  and  Manchurian  Line. 

Consular  Regulations: 

No  documents  are  required  and  there  are  no  restrictions  as  to  weights,  marks,  etc. 

^"^^  The  Straite  Settlemente  are  on  a  free  trade  basis.    Duties  are  levied  on  spirite,  beer 

and  tobacco. 

Cable  Rates:  From  New  York  and  New  England,  $0.94  per  word. 

Mail  Time:  About  thirty-one  day-s  to  Singapore. 

Postal  Rates:  Postal  Union  rates. 

Money  Orders:  Issued. 

International  Reply  Coupons:  Issued. 

Parcels  Post:  ,      ,        ,^  , 

Goods  can  be  sent  by  parcel  post  to  the  Straite  Settlemente  via  England  at  the  regular 

12  cent  rate  plus  transit  charges. 

LAfUAN 

Labuan.  an  island  about  6  miles  from  the  North  West  Coast  of  Borneo,  has  been  part 
of  Singapore  since  1907.  Area  28H  square  miles.  Population  6,860.  Principal  town 
Victoria  population  1,500.  There  are  about  40  Europeans  on  the  island.  Goods  can  be 
sent  by  parcel  post  to  Labuan  via  England  at  the  regular  12  cent  rate  plus  transit  charges. 

COCOS  ISLANDS 

The  Cocos  or  Keeling  Islands,  are  a  group  of  about  20  small  Coral  islands,  which  lie 
about  700  miles  southwest  of  Sumatra,  and  1,200  mUes  southwest  of  Singapore.  Population 
1911,  749.    They  are  a  British  possession. 

CHRISTMAS  ISLANDS 

Christmas  Island,  is  200  miles  southwest  of  Java  and  700  miles  east  of  the  Cocos 
Islands.  It  is  9  miles  in  both  length  and  width.  The  sole  source  of  revenue  is  the  large 
phosphate  deposit.  Importe  1916,  $170,132,  consisting  prmcipally  of  tools,  machinery  and 
railway  equipment;  exporte,  $548,317.  Phosphate  of  lime  was  exported  m  1916  to  the 
amount  of  44,209  tons  (25,738  tons  in  1915,  93,785  tons  in  1914).  Christmas  Island  is  a 
British  possession. 


W 


i  •   ■ 


i 


II 


514 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


AFRICA 


ABYSSINIA 

An  independent  countrj'  in  northeast  Africa  as  yet  laotelv  undevelo^vl  if ;.  i„  a  a 
on  the  north  by  the  Italian  colony  of  Eritrea,  on  the  eLt  bVSlnXn.h  c^  ^T  h 
on  the  southeast  by  ItaUan  SomaUland,  on  the  south  b^Bntlh^tr^'^T"*.".' 
west  by  the  Sudan.  The  population  is  to  a  larg^  elnt  uSet  J  T^^  ^!'  '"'^  "V" 
and.  in  the  eastern  highlands,  temperate;  there  rhT;  ^Sn  il^^s^t  ^a^^^: 

and  a<.nt,  silk  and  silk  th,.ad.  felt  half  ^Xlg  ^koU^riCIo"^  n;i;;°"T? 
grey  cotton  goods  is  imported  yearly,  of  which  the  UrZTsf.V^  30  000,000  yards  of 
cent.    The  port  of  Aden  in  Arab^  isL  ^r^^^^^ilT.T^^^.'^^l 

Area  and  Population. 
Area  approximately  350,000  square  miles;  population  between  S  nnn  nnn  o«^  i  a  nnn  nnn 
The  population  is  of  Semitic  origin,  and  the  Z\  t^^7S^J.T,Z 


ABYSSINIA 


515 


\e2r0  African  tribes.  The  Abyssinian  Christians,  about  half  of  the  whole  population, 
are  of  the  Copt  sect;  Christianity  having  been  established  in  the  country  since  the  fourth 

^°  The  country  has  a  great  number  of  market  towns  or  trading  centers,  but,  with  the 
possible  exception  of  Harrar,  no  large  cities.  The  principal  trading  centers  of  interest  to 
IhT American  exporter  are  Harrar  (population  about  50,000),  Dir^  Dawa  (population  about 
20  000)  and  Adis-Abeba  (population  40,000  to  50,000),  Gondar,  Sokoto,  and  lamare.  The 
ports  for  Abyssinia  are  Djibuti  (Jibuti)  in  French  SomaUland,  and  Massua  in  ItaUan 
SomaUland  (Eritrea). 

Commerce. 

United  States  exports  to  Abyssinia  in  the  calendar  year  1919  were  valued  at  $9,612, 
according  to  official  statistics.  These  are  not  reliable  since  shipments  to  Abyssinia  are 
made  via  Aden  or  Egypt  and  do  not  appear  in  statistics  of  direct  trade. 

There  are  no  statistics  of  trade  compiled  by  the  Abyssinian  government. 

There  are  four  important  trade  routes  to  and  from  Abyssinia  as  foUows:  (1)  over  the 
Franco  Ethiopian  railroad  via  Djibuti;  (2)  through  northern  Eritrea  (via  Adiquala  and 
Adowa)  to  the  seaport  of  Massua;  (3)  through  the  Sudan  (via  Got6  Gambela  and  GaUabat) 
to  Khartum  in  Egypt  in  Port  Sudan;  (4)  through  British  SomaUland  to  the  port  of  Zeyla, 
Bulhar  or  Berbera.  Other  less  important  trade  routes  are  from  Dessie  to  Assab  on  the  Red 
Sea-  from  Gmir  and  Dolo  in  southern  Abyssinia  to  Mogadishu  in  ItaUan  SomaUland;  and 
through  Moyale  into  British  East  Africa.  The  foUowing  statistics  of  trade  via  the  principal 
trade  routes  give  an  approximate  analysis  of  the  foreign  commerce  of  the  country. 

Imports:  (1)  Via  Franco-Ethiopian  railroad  from  Djibuti  to  Dir^  Dawa,  thence  by 
caravan  to  Harrar  for  distribution:  


Articles 


1914 


1915 


1916 


Apparel,  wearing: 

Clothes,  ready-made. 

Hata 

Shoes 

Underwear 

Old  clothes 

Arms  and  ammunitioii: 

Cartridges: 

Military 

Hunting 

Powder 

Rifles 

Swords 


Bark 


Beads,  etc. 


Books . 


Bottles,  empty 

Building  material: 

Cement 

Lime 

Paints 

Candles 

Carpets 

Carts,  knocked-down . 
Chemicals: 

Alcohol,  rectified. 

Naphthalene.  .  . . 


$64,482 
91,581 
38,880 
13.710 

197,520 


1,518.881 

129,499 

54,519 

7,057,444 


$140,643 

40.167 

13,175 

9,642 

11,994 


19,814 


81,084 
175,669 
110,006 


69,624 


855 
8,140 
2,891 


12.087 

94.794 

2,245 

271,895 


$34,491 
11.352 
32.775 
32.455 

141.071 


1,496 
2.245 
6,211 
4,281 


Coal. 


Cotton  goods: 

Blankets 

Unbleached .  .  . 
All  other  kinds. 
Collections 


103,153 

326,485 

544 

119,327 

1,356,605 
128,644 


425,031 

'21,616.690' 
20,604,096 


85,905 

1,207.717 

97,365 

12,636 

350,692 
62,766 
10,711 

72,943 

'26.'34'l',i8i' 
23,374,184 
213 


79,694 

25,169 

173.62S 

292,528 

503,116 


74,445 

72.516 

110.754 


87.914 
145.566 


100,582 

■22.V2b*,685' 
20,665.580 


Continued  on  page  516 


;i 


I 


■A 

I 


"^  A 


516 


Table  Continued: 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


ABYSSINIA 


517 


Articles 


Drugs  and  medicines: 

Medicinal  plants. . . 

Other 

Earthenware 

Food  and  drink: 

Beer 

Biscuits 

Butter 

Canned  goods : 

Fruits 

Milk 

AH  other  kinds. 

Cereals 

Confectionery 

Dates 

Fish,  dried 

Flour,  wheat 

Fruits,  dried 

Groceries 

Liquors , 

Macaroni 

Maize 

Mineral  waters .... 

Oil,  edible 

Rice 

Salt 

Spices 

Sugar 

Tea 

Vegetables,  dry 

Vinegar 

Wine 

Furniture 

Glass  and  glassware 

Glass  and  straw 

Incense. 

Lamps. 


I 


Leather ......'. 

Matting .'..........!!!!!!!!! 

Metals  and  manujfactures  of: 

Agricultural  machines  and  other  implements. 

Beds 

Copper !!.!.,!!!.!!!!!! 

Construction  material 

Enamel  ware 

Hardware  and  cutlery 

Iron,  corrugated 

Iron  and  tinware 

Lead,  pig 

Pipes 

Tools 

Oils:  

Kerosene 

Other  kinds,  industrial 

Office  furniture  and  supplies: 

Furniture 

Paper: 

Writing 

Wrapping 

Ferf  umery 

Rope . 


Sacks,  empty 

Saddlery 

Soap 

Tar 

Tobacco : 

Raw , 

Manufactured . 

Wood  and  timber .  , 

All  other  articles. . . 


1914 


$19,707 
390,219 
209.942 

1,178,686 

8,675 

56.021 

58,485 

11,673 

839,132 

2,660,504 

349,516 

1,654,382 

61,163 

2.688.036 

76,802 

45.737 

2,538.397 

312,988 

133.999  ■ 
472.158 

3,639.921 

50,365.083 

196,339 

6,459.105 
231.797 
180,106 


1,163.586 

99,829 

1,494.780 


974.847 


177.273 
125,317 

512,092 

14,030 

43,380 

2.481,841 

237.260 

1,732,789 

1,890,996 

2.701,960 


20,781 

8,082,529 
72,836 


Total. 


387,862 
20,674 

329,331 

80,442 

2,715,078 

i. 047.684' 
14,565 

1.153,292 

64,968 

128.002 

6,049,470 


$163,262,541 


1915 


$23,459 
229.119 
229.396 

65.337 
48.308 
72.516 

15.746 

14.891 
731,697 
847.598 
254.931 
261,849 

17,317 

1,313,653 

ias.183 

182,736 

2,587,775 

63.588 

67.588  ■ 

783,436 

1,151,333 

76,147,392 

720,344 

4,318.775 

216.960 

54,198 

31,769 

1,097,627 

190,769 

593,804 

24.956 

2,704,796 

21,102 

157,536 

91,688 

292,313 

63,627 

32,668 

7,878.735 

52,055 

505,041 

2.466.192 

410.314 

2.784 

•     ••••■••(.at 

16,815 

13.990.102 
369.437 

30.525 

171.261 

222.369 

176.097 

34.063 

2.770.642 

452 

2,708.890 

168.491 

427.390 

83.906 

332.375 

4,184.236 


$205,074,307 


1916 


$4,286 
248.199 
176.845 

98,439 
28,494 
16.067 

35.988 

11.032 

563,959 

799,071 

101,544 

1,079.722 

31.706 

786.254 

34,170 

261,035 

1,343,002 

79,281 

865 

46,272 

343,517 

1.173,714 

8,593.623 

491,357 

5.290,839 

131.783 

112.790 

40.809 

639.964 

57.979 

313,964 

2.357 

627.688 

27.420 

162.066 

16,922 

124,036 

151,675 

19,172 

•   •••■•••••I 

11.566 

028,150 

1,714.42^ 

637,972 


72.516 
2.784 

3.374.256 
135.069 

8.247 

156.385 

154.246 

169.881 

10.069 

2.732.918 

2.464 

1,607.785 

22.929 

514.683 

156.598 

38.038 

3.059,805 


$167,276,639 


(2) 


Via  Massua,  by  railroad  to  Asmara,  aad  by  caravan  to  Adequala: 


Articles 


1914 


Quantity 
Pounds 


Value 


1915 


Quantity 
Pounds 


Value 


Chemicals  and  medicines 

Cotton  piece  goods,  unbleached 
Cotton  textiles  of  other  sorts. . . 

Cotton  yarn 

Durra. 

Gold  coin 

Ironwork 

Kerosene 

Machinery 

Rice .  •  •  •. 

Silver  coin 

Soap 

Sugar. .....  .,• 

Sweetened  spirits 

Timber • 

Tobacco • 

Wheat  and  wheat  flour 

Wine 

Woodwork 

AH  other  articles 

Total 


673,200 

442.860 

4.991,360 

1.020,840 

501,380 

62.420.820 

'  "2.246,646 

3.289,880 

937.420 

3,968.360 

■■'544.286 

3.636.160 

*73.948 

3.772.560 

1.779.140 

9.118.120 

*295.950 

588.280 


$74,443 
58.734 
896.937 
375.276 
89.330 
766.847 
19.178 
165.607 
67.336 
110,713 
64.787 
674.636 
29,688 
141.104 
93.845 
53.018 
293,922 
263,545 
154,509 
43.791 
1.243.539 


484.880 
2.281,840 
6.799.320 
1.594.780 
1.623.820 
49.409.140 


3.097.380 

4.789.180 

268.400 

9.090,840 


$5,680,785 


853.380 
3.339,600 

♦37,476 
1,725.460 
1.039,500 
2,260,280 
*42 1,847 
1,019,480 


$40,761 
389.236 
1.200.861 
587.088 
222,098 
606.829 
12.159 
65.890 
98.035 
46.472 
189.145 
213.437 
41.578 
171.034 
48.187 
27.850 
178,072 
93.746 
193.516 
60,440 
1.201,103 


$5,687,537 


Note:  ♦  Gallons. 


(3)     Via  the  Sudan: 


Articles 


1914 


1915 


1916 


Quantity 


Value 


Cloth,  damour 

Cotton  fabrics 

Cotton,  unginned 

Cotton  yam  and  thread 

Dollars,  Maria  Theresa 

Ironware  and  other  metals 

Sacks,  empty 

Salt ., 

Silk  and  silk  thread 

Soap •. •  • 

Vegetables  and  fruits,  preserved. 

Wines  and  liquors 

All  other  articles 


$1,720 

116.165 

232 

4.369 


Total 


5,927 
4.602 
5.472 

22,529 
1.567 
3,727 
3.421 

16.002 


$185,733 


$1,013 

173,079 

1,003 

3.149 

16.322 
5.828 
3.490 

11.454 

24.132 
2.911 
2.124 
5.882 

18.482 


12,525 

399,193 

60,489 

30.962 


45.422 

2,298,981 

13.515 

11,593 


$268,869 


$1,715 

101.480 

1.2U 

6.080 

i.ise* 

4.414 

32.130 

30,310 

1.048 

850 

178 

5,225 


$185,867 


Exports:    (1)    Via  Franco  Ethiopian  railroad : 


;<' 


Articles 


1914 


1915 


1916 


Beeswax .... 

Butter 

Cereals 

Coffee 

Coffee  husks. 
Dyestuffs .  .  . 
Flour 


$3,577,190 
886.561 
363,654 

31,920,723 

4.006.933 

146,533 


$3,490,413 

358,619 

2.940.717 

48.862.440 

2.540.754 

143,646 

428.457 


$3,791,382 

608.622 

1.513,739 

44.051,040 

971.207 

146.747 

5.042.196 


Continued  on  page  518 


518 


EXPORTER'S  OAZBTTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Table  Continued: 


Ivory 

Leather '.'.'.'.'.'.. 

Maire 

Potatoes 

Rubber 

Skins  and  hides...  ■.■.'.■.■.■ 

Specimens 

Tobacco 

Vegetables,  dry 

All  other  articles. ......' 


Total, 


9135.287 
441.480 

333,946 ' 
210.702 
46,074,297 


316,308 
152,463 


188,516,082 


$41,130 

100.546 

6.928.247 

334.946 

104,436 

50.051.328 

2.143 

426.955 
942.748 


$116,697,523 


$231,797 
■  •  •  • 

1.856,398 
625.443 

34.206,768 
71,660 

38.214 
643.421 
497,459 

$94,394,830 


(2)     Via  Maesua: 


Articled 


1914 


Quantity 
Pounds 


Beeswax 

v^onee... 

tjotton  piece  goods,  unbleached  . 
cotton  manufactures  of  other  kinds 

Dom  nuts 

Durra 

Gold  coin ' ' 

Hides :.:::::: 

Meat,  preserved 

Mother-of-pearl  shells. 

Petroleum .'.■.■.■.".■■ 

Rice 

Salt .'.'.'.'.'.'!.*.'.' 

Silver  coins 

Skins ...■.■.'.■;;.■.:: 

Tobacco [ 

All  other  articles.  .  ....*." 


Value 


1915 


Total 


124.520 
108.680 
352.000 
125,400 
7,067,280 
1.240,520 

3,70V,666' 
192,720 
756.140 
838,860 
109.560 
94,380,000 

i,197',966 
1,389,080 


$23,833 
18,640 
60,144 
40,358 
209,189 
15,547 
43,155 
811,710 
15,783 
101,482 
17,169 
4,165 
165,594 
106,473 
315,266 
246,318 
337.049 


Quantity 
Pounds 


168,740 
1,221,880 
1,077,120 

149.820 
4.917.220 
6,500,780 


Value 


$2,531,875 


6,520,580 
1,418.780 
984,060 
1,071,500 
4.747.380 
142,142.000 


1,985,280 
682,220 


$31,893 

253.853 

182,438 

52,834 

138,315 

79,833 

119,381 

1,430.079 

190,862 

90.953 

20.828 

99,953 

249.395 


522,503 
116,522 
261.566 


$3,841,208 


(3)    Via  the  Sudan: 


Articles 


1914 


Beeswax 

Butter ;;; 

Cattle 

Coffee 

Egret  and  marabou. 

Hides 

Honey | ' ' 

Horses  and  mules. . . 

Rubber 

SiHces 

All  other  articles . .  . 


1915 


1916 


Quantity 
Pounds 


Value 


Total, 


Note:  ♦  Number. 


$122,517 
2.897 
1,260 
232,616 
1.582 
1,270 
6.189 
9.456 
15.051 
2,086 
1.868 


$396,792 


$114,851 

1.438 

356 

140,461 

4.310 

2.135 

5.838 

6.739 

267 

4.938 

1.300 


$281,633 


605.930 

3.656 

•762 

4.164.600 

35 

37.609 

115.401 

♦216 

150.183* 


$102,672 
277 
7.533 
343.114 
2.911 
1.433 
8,661 
1.646 

8,453 
4,982 


$481,472 


ABYSSINIA 


519 


Estimated  total  foreign  commerce  for  two  years: 


Trade  Routes 


1914 


Imports 


Exports 


1916 


Imports 


Exports 


n  uioh  East  Africa  (Moyale-Nairobi) w  '  "i" 

British  S^^Uland  (Harrar  and  Ogaden  country  to  Zeyla 

Bulhar-Berbera) •  • : 

Eritrea  (Adowa-Adequala-Asmara-Massaua) 

Sh'sSiS^^tibutil^Franc^^^ 
ItS?M^^lUand   (Ginir-Dolo  to   Mogadishu  or   Juba 


River 


Sudan  (Gamb^la-Galiabat-Khartum-Port  Sudan), 


Total 


$40,127 

155.628 

1,136,157 

81.131 

3.827.793 

103,989 
185,733 


$5,530,558 


$90,822 

171,279 

506,375 

83,979 

3.701.852 

90,564 
396,792 


$5,041,663 


$30,000 

298,747 

834.338 

70,380 

3.406.922 

100.840 
185,867 


$4,927,094 


$70,479 

274,262 

458.046 

72,920 

3,344.611 

73.530 
481.472 


$4,775,320 


The  British  port  of  Aden  practically  controls  Abyssinian  trade,  and  is  the  pnncipal 
distributing  center  for  the  Abyssinian  market,  goods  being  transshipped  to  Abyssima  ^na 
Mbuti     Th^  of  the  country  is  shared  by  French,  English  and  Italian  merchants, 

buinte  tenths  of  the  skins,  half  of  the  civet  and  ivory  and  a  large  share  of  the  coffee  ex- 
ported  from  Abyssinia  come  to  the  United  States  via  Aden  and  other  ports. 

Production  and  Industry. 
Agriculture  and  stock  raising  are  the  national  industries.  Coffee  is  the  pnncipal 
product,  the  cultivated  coffee  grown  in  the  provmce  of  Harrar  bemg  '^'T'^  harrar. 
coffee,  and  the  wUd  coffee  which  abounds  in  the  provinces  of  Sidsmo,  Kaffa  and  Gumau 
ThTsupply  is  unlimited.  MUlet,  wheat  and  barley  are  grown  extensively  Cotton  grows 
wad3is  beginning  to  be  cultivated;  tobacco,  potatoes  and  chdhes  are  hkewise  grown. 

The  agricultural  methods  are  primitive. 

There  are  about  10,000,000  head  of  cattle  in  the  country,  and  cattle  hides  are  exported 
to  the  extent  of  about  1,200,000  per  year.  Ghee,  or  clarified  butter,  is  ^^f  ^-  ^^^^ 
product.    About  5,000,000  sheep  skins  a  year  sxe  exported.    Mules  are  the  pnncipal  pack 

and  riding  animals.  ,       -  , 

Beekeeping  is  extensively  carried  on,  and  about  1,500,000  pounds  of  beeswax  la 
exported  each  year.  Rubber,  beeswax  made  by  wfld  bees,  wUd  coffee  and  gums,  pnncipaUy 
myrrh,  are  important  forest  products.  The  large  timber  acreage  of  cedar,  acacia  and  pin« 
isS^Uy  unworked,  although  a  native  tanning  extract  is  prc^uced.  Civet  «*»="«  bred 
and  civet  L  an  important  article  of  export.  Ivory  comes  from  the  Magi  and  Lake  Rudolph 
region  of  southwestern  Abyssinia.  -  ,.    .    j 

Manufacturing  is  limited  to  a  few  saw  mills,  two  or  three  flour  mills  with  a  bmited 
output,  several  soap  factories  and  some  small  tanneries.    Commercial  deposits  of  coal 
iron,  oil,  sulphur,  gold,  sttver,  copper  and  potash  have  been  reported  but  they  are  as  yet 
undeveloped. 

Roads,  Railways,  Telephones:  ,,     jxaj- 

The  Franco-Ethiopian  Railroad  running  from  Djibuti  m  French  Somaliland  to  Adis 
Abeba  via  Dir^  Dawa,  a  distance  of  487H  mUes,  is  the  only  raUroad  in  the  countr>^  The 
trip  takes  three  days  and  two  trains  are  run  each  week  each  way.  All  other  transportation 
in  the  country  is  by  pack  animals  over  trails  which  are,  on  the  average,  poor.  The  telephone 
service  of  the  country  is  adequate,  and  telegraph  service  extends  to  Djibuti,  Dir^  Dawa, 
Harrar,  Adis  Abeba,  and  between  Eritrea  and  Adis  Abeba.  At  Djibuti  cable  service 
extends  to  all  parts  of  the  world. 


II 
'1-1 


H 


520 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  Op  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Money,  Weights  and  Measures: 

about  10.50  U.  S.  currency.    Sifver  ^n.^  the  ^^    U^lt  r™   T"""   """"^ 

of  a  doUar  or  talari.     Copper  coins  are  the  besa  or  i  I'nnS  n       ^^    (P"'"**  or  piastre) 

used  only  in  Harrar.    There  are TaXn^t  iL";d  bv  t^e  R    J  "?  .^  ^  ""^  ^  ^""'k 

100  and  500  Maria  Theresa  doUa^.'^'^T^elre^ff^Lt  e^^tll^'Zf  '°;  'l  '"■  *' 

ra.  road     In  some  parts  of  the  country  bars  of  salt  ar^  3^  Ueu  o^ln^  *"«    **""'= ""' 

salts  being  equivalent  to  the  dollar     New  emntv^»rtri7^  ,  ^^^  ^^*  "^  ^'K'lt 

is  one  bank,  the  Bank  of  Abyssir^,  with  clS  IT^^^Z  "^  °I^k  T^'  '"~-     '^''^'' 

of  Egypt  holds  a  large  interest.    Thrblk  h^iu  hf^d  fffi^ '  ""T^tu^.  ^'*"°'«"  ^^^ 

»t  Dir€  Dawa,  Harrar,  Gor«  and  S   whi^  .ff^l)      n  f^^  ^'^''' *"''  ^"""^he, 

mercial  transactions.  '        "''  ''^°'^  *"  '*<"''«««  "e'^essary  for  com- 

Ther^'a^^iT^r^vLy'^Hfr;;;;^^^^  I.*''''  -«'•'  °^  "  Maria 

the  pound  of  18  ounces.    Th!  wl  w^gf 37  f  "unT  "  "T''  '"  '"^"^'"«  ~'f'^' 
.very  pounds,    ^or  grain,  the  kunna  of  Z^l'C^;:^  ZtZlr^^ ^^^Z 

99  pounds  is  used.  ^  "  ""*  ^"^^^  '™'*«  ">«  Egyptian  cantar  of 

Language: 

The  language  of  the  country  is  Amharir  whioh  h..c  qq  „  •** 
mercial  correspondence  French,  Ld  t^slT ^^X^  i^rpro;^"''^''"'-     ^"  """• 
Shippmg  routes:  *-   j  «• 

Goods  destined  for  Abyssinia  are  ordinarily  shipped  via  Aden  or  Egypt. 
Customs  Tariflf: 

The  import  duty  is  theoretically  10  per  cent  ad  valnrAm       r\  ,    • 

Consular  regulations: 

^^^Z^^:^^:^:'^;-^-  -  — ar  invoi.,, 
supplied.  '         necessary.    Certificates  of  weight  should  be 

Cable  rates: 

Via  Alexandria  Kassala  (direct),  $0.64   via  Aznro^   q.,„l  •       t^ 
from  New  York  or  New  England.  '    "''^'"''  ^^^'^'^'^'  ^'^  P^'  word 

Postal  rates :    Postal  Union  rates. 

Mail  time:    Via  London,  about  35  days. 
Parcels  Post: 

Goods  can  be  sent  by  parcel  post  to  Abyssinia  via  Fn,,io«^    *  ^u 
rate  plus  transit  charges.  ^^yssima  via  England  at  the  regular  12  cent 

Money  orders:    Not  issued. 
International  reply  coupons:    Not  issued. 


BELGIAN  CONGO 


521 


BELGIAN  CONGO 

Belgian  Congo,  a  colony  of  Belgium,  situated  in  western  central  Africa,  has  an  area  of 
909  654  square  miles.  The  estimates  of  the  native  population  of  Bantu  ongm  vary, 
raninng  from  7,000,000  to  15,500,000.  The  European  population,  1916,  was  5,364.  Of 
these  3  004  were  Belgians,  643  English,  430  Portuguese,  282  ItaUans,  159  Dutch,  131 
Americans,  93  Russians,  89  Swedish,  86  French,  80  Swiss,  37  Greek,  38  natives  of  Luxem- 
burg,  25  Danish  and  17  Norwegian. 

The  king  of  Belgium  is  representated  by  a  Governor  General,  chief  executive  of  the 
possession.  The  territory  is  divided  into  22  districts,  at  the  head  of  each  of  which  there 
iTa  commissioner.  Each  district  is  divided  into  territories  of  which  there  are  179.  In 
1917  there  were  altogether  more  than  225  posts  and  stations  at  which  2,038  European 
officials  were  employed. 

The  22  districts  are  grouped  in  4  provinces,  namely,  (1)  Katanga,  the  capital  of  which 
is  EUzabethviUe;  (2)  Congo  Kasai,  capital  Kinshasa;  (3)  the  province  of  the  Equator, 
capital  Coquilhatville;  (4)  the  Eastern  Province,  the  capital  of  which  is  Stanleyville. 
Boma  is  the  capital  of  the  entire  colony. 

Commerce 
Value  of  the  total  foreign  trade  of  the  United  States  with  Belgian  Congo  for  11  years: 


Year 

ended 

June 

30 


Exports 


Domestic 


Foreign 


Total 


Imports 


Free 


Dutiable 


Total 


•Per 
cent 
free 


Excess  of 
exports  (♦) 

or 
imi)orts  (-) 


1909 
1910 
1911 
1912 
1913 
1914 
1915 
1916 
1917 
1918 
1919 


$3,130 

26,339 

6.740 

16.713 

14.905 

103.132 

267.714 

41.842 

107.942 

334,621 


121,757 
446 


1,349 


$3,130 

26.339 

6,740 

16,713 

14,905 

103,132 

289.471 

42,288 

107.942 

335,970 

2,731.839 


$17,782 


22,005 
70.366 
72,815 
33,704 
6,831 


$12,661 

60,158 

44 

1,450 

7,978 


$17,782 


34,666 
130,524 
72,359 
35,154 
14.809 
865,063 


63.48 
53.91 
99.94 
95.87 
46.13 


-$14,652 
♦26.339 
+6.740 
+16,713 
+14,905 
+68,466 

+158.947 
-30,071 
+72,788 

+321,161 
+1,866,776 


Total  value  of  imports  and  exports  for  5  years  was  as  follows: 


Year 


Imports 


Special 


General 


Exports 


Special 


General 


1912. 
1913. 
1914. 
1915, 
1916 


$10,542,866 

13,917,246 

8,649,269 

8,159,302 

10,452,076 


$12,097,312 

11.075.714 

10.031,807 

5,758,239 

13,363,012 


$11,659,397 

10,728,440 

10,278,856 

4,235.769 

25,258,683 


$16,371,295 
13,942.479 
11,899,428 
16,035.686 
28,662,860 


522 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Chief  imports  and  exports  for  1915  and  1916; 


Imports 


1915 


1916 


EXPOBTS 


Arms  and  ammunition 
Steamers  and  ships .  .  . 

Machinery 

Iron,  steel,  copper .... 
Wines,  spirits,  beer.  . . 

Provisions 

Cottons 


$13,774 
24,971 
258,780 
5,935 
157,699 
922,181 
435,927 


1915 


1916 


$435,464 
162,014 
774,397 
468,794 
538,313 
1.527,224 
2,276,153 


Rubber 

Ivory '. .'. . . 

Palm  nuts , . 

Palm  oil [[[[ 

Copal 

Gold,  crude ..'. 

Copper,  ore  and  crude 


$2,143,605 
885,637 
999,979 
411.067 
543.358 
2,610.136 
5.508,818 


»3,372.370 
1.530.334 
2.463.186 
646.768 
1,038,244 
1.891.571 

12.335.313 


Imports  and  exports  by  countries: 


Countries 


Imports      Exports 
1916       I       1916 


Countries 


Great  Britain 

France 

Holland 

United  States 


$6,364,040 

979.352 

90,368 

251,667 


Imports 
1916 


$23,127,803 
583,827 


Exports 
1916 


Rhodesia 

Union  of  South  Africa. 

Portugal 

Portuguese  possessions. 


$934,596 
991,154 


$355,197 

64,C28 
159,752 
270,880 


Production  and  Industry 

♦h.  tf'fT.^  °^*  extensively  carried  on  by  the  natives  in  the  Belgian  Congo  since 
the  advent  of  the  Europeans.  Plantations  have  been  established  where  cofe  cocoa 
c^^T'  "  n  '^'^r'^t''"'  «5^<»^°  (or  export.  Of  domestic  animals,  sheep  and1;ara'; 
pDvely  ra^  '"'^^  '^"  """^""^^  ^^<""  ^"""^^  ''--• "--»   -^  -"-  -  com 

exist  inri3!bfetl'^i;L^^^  "°"""°°  "'  ''""'^•"'"''  '"""  '''  "^'^'-^  ^'--  -^^' 

most'iirta'nf  Sort?'  ""**  '""^'  ''°'"'  ""^"^  ""'  '"'^•'  ""*«  -^^  »■">•-'  -  ">e 

:„  .1,*^^'-**  "^"^  ^^  ""^'^^  ^  ""^  "PP*""  ^'^^  °f  ">e  Ituri  River,  the  Ruwe  eold  mine  k 
mined  ^7.*?°«f,'^'»*™*  '"  »''«  «>"'•>  of  the  colony.  In  1915,  3,720  pounds  oT^ld  we " 
mmed.  Eght  thousand  natives  were  employed  in  the  mines.  Iron  iTwidelv  d^ribuZ 
and  worked  m  a  primitive  fashion.    The  wealth  of  Kantanga  in  copper  i^St     In  19^ 

The  forrats  of  Belgian  Congo  cover  much  ground  and  are  primeval  in  their  density 
The  most  valuable  trees  are  the  lianas,  which  yield  India  rubber.  There  are  <L  Zber 
trees  such  as  mahogany,  ebony,  teak,  Ugnum  vitae,  African  cedars  and  p^^^^"  oU 

Rivers: 

f"°«  17  boats  belonging  to  the  state  ply  on  the  Congo  river  from  its  mouth  to  Matadi 
a  d«tance  of  about  100  miles.    Beyond  this  point  the  river  is  not  navi^Ze  for  200^1^' 

rgauotof  ttc^crr """"' '"'  ^  ^*^^'"''  -"  ^"  '"«-^<^  ^-^^' 

Roads:  There  are  in  Belgian  Congo  about  5,609  miles  of  road,  suitable  in  part  for  moton,. 
Railways:  The  total  length  of  the  Belgian  Congo  raUways  is  1.081  miles. 


J 


BELGIAN  CONGO 


523 


PostOffices,  Telegraphs,  Telephones: 

There  were  in  1915,  51  poet  offices,  26  telegraph  and  telephone  offices.    The  total 
length  of  telegraph  lines  is  2,067  miles. 
Money,  Weights  and  Measures: 

The  Belgian  franc  is  the  current  coin  of  the  Congo.    The  metric  system  has  been 

adopted. 

Shipping  Routes:  ^     ^  „ 

British  &  African  Steam  Navigation  Co.,  Ltd. 
Fabre  Line  (via  Marseilles). 
Compania  Transatlantica  (via  Cadiz). 
Compagnie  Generale  Transatlantique  (French  Line)  (via  Bordeaux). 

Customs  Tariff:  aa  i  -i 

Duties  are  levied  upon  specific  articles,  usually  on  a  basis  of  weight  (per  100  kilos). 
Blankets  and  some  other  textiles  are  assessed  at  10  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 
Consular  Regulations:  No  consular  documents  are  required. 

Cable  Rates: 

District  of  Katanga,  $1.01;  all  other  offices,  $0.92  from  New  York  or  New  England 

states. 

Postal  Rates:  PostalUnion  rates. 

Mail  Time:  Thirty  days. 

Parcels  Post: 

Service  extends  to  Belgian  Congo  with  same  conditions  as  given  for  Belgium.    An 

additional  transit  charge  of  20  cents  is  made  on  each  parcel. 
Money  Orders:    Not  issued. 
International  Reply  Coupons:  Not  issued. 


(, 


524 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


ir 


I 


BRITISH  AFRICA 
(SOUTH) 

BASUTOLAND 

Cape  Pto^uJ  EBtiJ:^L?^T^^  ^l^^*^'  °"  *''*  *=«'  ''^  ^atal,  and  on  the  south  by 
a^a  in  South  ZTTt„  ^^S  Z  ZZT""^-  "^^  "  ""^  "-'  ^ain-produ;in« 


I 


BASUTOLAND 


525 


rvice     The  roads  are  reported  to  be  fair.     In  1911  there  were  433,000  head  of  cattle, 
86,000  horses,  22,800  ploughs  and  1,722  wagons.    The  currency  is  British. 

Imports  and  exports: ^-— -——-—— -===^==== 


Year 


Imports 


Exports 


1902-03. 
1903-04. 
1904-05. 
1906.... 
1907... 
1908.  .. 
1909... 


S298,352 

$1,258,285 

1,448,960 

617,497 

728,130 

801,010 

1.181,723 

943,593 

1,169,311 

1,314,343 

1,165,.573 

940.572 

1,266,000 

1,715,748 

tinware 


Imports  consist  principaUy  of  woolen  and  cotton   goods,  haberdashery,  saddlery, 
are;  agricultural  implements  and  groceries,  and  are  chiefly  of  Britisn  ongm. 

Quantity  and  value  of  exports  in  1916: 


Articles 


Quantity 


Value 


Horses. 


Cattle. 


Kaffir  corn.*.::: :::'.:::.". §^ 

Maiae  and  maize  meal ^"^ 

Wheat  and  wheat  meal ^^ 

'.'.['.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.  !Lbs! 

Lbs. 

Lbs. 


Mohair. 


Wool. 
Hides. 
Skins. 


662 

13.135 

76,300 

181,248 

70,503 

2,894,184 

11,375,035 

268,108 

813,663 


$36,290 

384.353 

225.489 

441.458 

482,607 

760.857 

1,609,034 

53.440 

89.059 


Trade  is  carried  on  almost  entirely  through  the  Orange  Free  State. 


THE  BECHUANALAND  PROTECTORATE 

The  protectorate  consists  of  that  part  of  South  Africa  lying  east  of  what  was  German 
Southwest  Africa  (Protectorate  of  Southwest  Africa),  west  of  Rhodesia  and  the  Transvaal, 
north  of  Cape  Province,  and  south  of  the  Zambesi  and  Chobe  Rivers.  The  wmter  chmate 
(May  to  August)  is  cool;  the  summer  is  hot,  and  malarial  fever  is  prevalent.  Area  about 
275,000  square  mUes.    Population,  1911,  125,350,  of  whom  1,692  were  white. 

Cattle  raismg  is  the  most  important  industry.  In  1911,  there  were  323,900  head  of 
cattle,  358,000  sheep  and  goats.  In  1917-18,  23,643  head  of  cattle  were  exported.  Maize 
and  kaffir  com  are  raised  to  some  extent. 

There  are  eleven  post  offices.  RaUway  and  telegraph  from  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope 
traverse  the  protectorate.  The  Tati  District,  which  is  a  part  of  the  protectorate,  is  admina- 
tered  by  a  private  company  and  includes  a  valuable  mineral  concession.  In  1917-18  the 
production  of  gold  and  silver  respectively  amounted  to  $154,236  and  $63,034. 

Goods  can  be  sent  to  Bechuanaland  by  parcel  post  via  England  at  the  regular  12 
cent  rate  plus  transit  charges.     For  trade  with  the  United  States,  see  page  530. 


Hit 


1 


526 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


NYASALAND  PROTECTORATE 

Situated  on  Lake  Nyasa  and  extending  toward  the  ZamhPri      At«o    qooic 
miles.    Population,  1917,  731  whites,  391  L^tT^    1  137  o^  no  •    ^^^'^^'^15  square 
the  United  States,  see  pa^  530  '  1,137,266  natives.      For  trade  with 


$1,052,676 
1,873,855 


964.092 
1.407,626 


poiSi.    Cotton  isTTon'^R^^r    T  "'"ZU^'  "'*""  """""*«<'  "^  *-*>*,124 
Koi^     T-     •  grown  on  ify,S50  acres  and  exported  in  1916-17  to  the  ext^nf  nf  c  Ae:« 

post  Offices.  •l2.'3:  of^S'sT^^rcorc^r""-    ^-"^  "^  "-'^-^ 
baggage.  ^^  '"  agneultural  purposes  and  also  passenger', 

rate  Just^'l^tlS^.*"  ''"^'  ""  """'  "^  ^  ^'^'  "'  ""«  -«"lar  12^n, 


RHODESIA 

government.  ^^  ^"^^^  "^"^  Company  and  the  British 

Commerce 
For  trade  of  the  United  States  with  Rhodesia,  see  page  530 
Southern  Rhodesia  imports  and  exports  for  five  years: 


Year 


Imports 


Exports 


Year 


1914. 
1915. 
1916. 


$1,345,531 
1,042.651 
1.192,544 


$14,376,147 
22.a5 1,457 
26.854.549 


Note:     (1)  Except  gold  and  silver. 


Imports 


Exports 


1917 

1918  (5  months). !. 


SI. 222.408 
467.260 


(1)  9.610.888 
4.102.603 


RHODESIA 


527 


Principal  imports  during  1916  and  1917: 


Articles 


1916 


1917 


Articles 


1916 


1917 


Food  and  drink .... 
Cotton  man'factures 
Hardware 


$2,166,806 

1.489.808 

669.805 


$2,029,550 

1,424,509 

745.110 


Machinery. 
Chemicals . 
Apparel .  .  . 


$766,694 
516.282 
659.633 


$680,118 
535.509 
484.352 


Principal  exports  during  four  years: 


Articles 


1914 


1915 


1916 


1917 


Gold 

Silver 

Chrome  Iron. . . 

Coal 

Coke 

Copper 

Asbestos,  raw.. 

Diamonds 

Slaughter  cattle 
Hides  and  skins 
Tobacco 


$10,587,001 

69.386 

556.620 

154.684 


34.228 

134,437 
552,373 


$18,038,881 

80.021 

697,458 

127,443 

324,224 

1,575,728 

132.891 

3,450 

"186.429 
201.184 


$18,931,211 
106.521 

1.632.644 
172,058 
282,263 

2,195,986 
431,922 
31.074 
544,334 
211,278 
202,700 


$1,287,107 
201,777 

'  "2.316,8i5 
812.660 
15,504 
660.794 
381,412 
296,396 


The  principal  industries  are  mining  and  agriculture.  In  1917  there  were  2,598,505 
tons  of  gold  crushed,  yielding  834,230  ounces,  with  a  value  of  $16,987,600.  In  1917  the  output 
of  coal  was  548,954  tons  and  of  coke  78,501  tons.  In  the  same  year  211,988  ounces  of  silver 
were  obtained  as  a  by-product  from  gold  ore.  In  1917,  72,962  tons  of  chrome  iron  ore, 
valued  at  $1,590,706,  was  mined,  and  9,562  tons  of  asbestos,  valued  at  $922,865.  The 
diamond  yield  in  1917  was  620  carats,  valued  at  $14,536.  Gold  production  in  1919  was 
valued  at  $18,931,211. 

In  1917,  249,000  acres  were  under  cultivation  by  whites,  of  which  203,000  acres  were 
planted  to  com  and  1,995  to  tobacco;  1,180,000  were  under  cultivation  by  natives.  In 
1915  there  were  1,751  acres. under  cultivation  by  whites.  In  1917,  there  were  1,000,000 
head  of  cattle,  368,000  sheep,  766,000  goats. 

Total  railway  mileage,  2,463.  Number  of  post  offices  104.  Telegraph  mileage,  7,975. 
An  extensive  telephone  system  is  in  operation. 

Northern  Rhodesia  imports  and  exports  for  five  years: 


Year 

Imports 

Exports 

Year 

Imports 

Exports 

1014 

$1,034,519 

875.460 

1,581.239 

$961,516 
760,327 
759,686 

1917 

$1,682,128 
1.728.954 

$1,130,868 

IQl'i 

1918 

1,668,622 

1916 

Principal  exports  were  cattle,  $260,058;  copper  ore,  $111,085;  lead,  $761,250;  com, 
wheat  and  flour,  $192,305;  hides,  skins  and  horns,  $81,691. 

The  principal  crops  are  com,  cotton,  tobacco,  wheat,  fruit,  and  mbber.  There  are 
large  areas  of  timber,  gold,  copper,  zinc,  lead  and  coal. 

There  are  forty  post  offices,  and  railway  connection  by  the  Rhodesian  Railway  system, 
as  well  as  telegraph  connection. 


,»>- 


528 


EXPORTERS  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


SWAZILAND  PROTECTORATE 

Territory    with  an  area  of  about  6,536  square  miles   Ivine  befcwppn  fh«  T,« 

Th.  ^1  ?f  "^  ■'"  *7  ?""*•  "^"^  **•*'"  "« '"««  «°»1  deposits  not  at  present  work«l 
cereals,  but  the  production  does  not  suffice  for  local  requirements. 

cattle"  E^n''™"'  7T  '''^"*  ^^'T  """^^  ''"*P  "<•  8°'"«  «<1  ''bo"'  135,000  head  of 
cattle.    Expenments  have  been  made  in  cotton  growinit     The  ontnnt  M  »«M  ^J  infr  ° 

^ounted  to  ,9^654;  output  of  tin  during  the  sa^^ar  t^'^lt^putTf'  CS 
Sfrom^roZT^^t'"  "  ".'f f"*'  *°  "•^''''  *  '"-"^^'^'^  "'°^'  ^'vice  L  maL 


J 


t/iV/OAT  Of  50LTH  AFRICA 


529 


UNION  OF  SOUTH  AFRICA 

The  area  of  the  Union  of  South  Africa,  including  that  of  Rhodesia,  is  about  equal  to 
that  of  the  states  lying  east  of  the  Mississippi  River  with  the  addition  of  Texas,  Louisiana 
and  Arkansas.    The  principal  cities  are  Cape  Town  and  Johannesburg. 

Owing  to  its  geographical  situation  in  the  southern  hemisphere,  the  seasons  in  South 
Africa  are  directly  the  reverse  of  those  in  the  northern  latitudes.  Spring  in  South  Afnca 
occurs  from  September  to  November,  summer  from  December  to  February,  autumn  from 
March  to  May,  and  winter  from  June  to  August. 

The  most  important  industry  of  the  Union  of  South  Africa  is  mining,  and  the  gold  fields 
of  the  Transvaal  are  the  worid's  principal  source  of  supply.  In  diamonds  also  the  Umon 
is  the  world's  principal  producer.  Second  to  mining,  agriculture,  the  breeding  of  Uvestock 
and  dairy  farming  are  the  chief  industries.  Wheat,  corn,  fruits  and  vegetables  are  the 
principal  crops.  During  the  war  the  Union  made  tremenduous  progress  m  dairy  farmmg, 
and  while  formeriy  large  quantities  of  dairy  products  were  imported,  they  are  today  ex- 
ported from  the  Union.  Manufacturing  is  relatively  less  important,  and  the  Umon  is  now 
and  is  likely  to  remain  an  importer  of  manufactured  goods. 

The  railways  of  the  Union  connect  all  the  principal  ports  from  Swakopmund  in  South- 
west Africa  to  Beira  in  Portuguese  East  Africa  with  each  other  and  with  the  important 
towns  and  producing  centers  of  the  interior. 

The  per  capita  imports  of  the  Union  of  South  Africa  in  1918  amounted  to  $40.31. 
Per  capita  exports  during  the  same  year  amounted  to  $12.76. 

Area  and  Population 

Population  of  Union  of  South  Africa,  according  to  the  census  of  1911: 


Province 


Area 
sq.  miles 


Europeans 


Bantu 


Colored 


Total 


Cape 

Natal 

Transvaal 

Orange  Free  State 

Total 


276,966 
35,291 
50,389 

110,450 

473,096 


582,337 

98,114 

420,562 

175,189 

1,276,242 


1,519,939 
953,398 

1,219,845 
325,824 

4,019,006 


462,649 

142.491 

45.805 

27,161 

678,146 


2,564,965 

1,194,043 

1,686.212 

528,174 

5,973,394 


In  1918  there  was  a  total  white  population  of  1,418,060  (Cape,  615,874;  Natal,  120,465; 
Transvaal,  497,226;  Orange  Free  State,  181,292).  In  1911  there  were  152,309  Asiatics 
in  the  Union.    The  white  population  of  principal  cities  and  towns  in  1918  was  as  follows : 


Cities 


Census  1918 


Cities 


Census  1918 


Johannesburg . 

Durban 

Cape  Town. . . 

Pretoria 

Port  Eliiabcth 
Germiston. . . . 


137,873 
48,475 
99,729  (T 
41,781 
23,341 
16,268 


Pieternmrittburg 
Bloemfontein .  .  . 

Kimberley 

Krugersdorp . . . . 
East  London . . . . 


18.529 
15,752 
17,226 
13,718 
17,696 


Note:     ©  Including  Suburbs. 


530 


I  B 


EXPORTERS  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


UNION  OF  SOUTH  AFRICA 


531 


According  to  th^  census  of  1911,  192,424  persons  were  engaged  in  agriculture-  U-^  99. 
m  industnes,  342,000  in  mining,  of  whom  47,000  were  white.  ag"cuiture,  143,225 


Commerce 

United  States  statistics  of  foreign  trade  include,  in  statistics  of  trade  with  BrifJ,K 
South  Afnca,  trade  with  the  Union  of  South  Africa  Rhodasia  Rp^h„«r,  1  ^  n  .^ 
Swaziland  and  the  Nyasaland  Protectorate.  CuTi^f  th^t^S  f^Zf^fanTu"^'' 
States  with  British  South  Africa  for  11  years:  ^  ^^  *^'  ^^^ 


Year 

ended 

June 

30 


Exports 


Domestic 


Foreign 


1909 
1910 
1911 
1912 
1913 
1914 
1915 
1916 
1917 
1918 
1919 


Total 


Imports 


Free 


Dutiable 


$7,296,765 
9,604,876 
12.833,239 
12,764.513 
14,481.253 
14,821,440 
14,685,305 
22.122,911 
24,086.665 
35,178,644 


$2,189 
9.530 
9,203 
6,716 
7,248 

13,534 

42.659 

104.489 

9,146 

21,076 


$7,298,954 
6,614,406 
12.842.442 
12,771,229 
14,488,501 
14,834,974 
14,727,964 
22,227,400 
24,095,811 
35.199.720 
44,841,871 


$460,637 

527.902 

499.681 

721.329 

786.808 

945,606 

3.867,135 

16,994,154 

12,585,542 

31,412,7711 


$1,228,933 
1,650,272 
1,660,661 
1.482,000 
2.518,744 
1,524,243 
1.080,176 
2,829.708 
2,926,615 
1,883,771 


Total 


$1,589,570 

2.178,174 

2,160,342 

2.203.329 

3.305,552 

2,469.849 

4,947,311 

19.823,862 

15,512,157 

33,295,771 

36,388,174 


Excess  of 
exports  (♦) 

or 
imports  (-) 


27.26 
24.24 
23.13 
32.74 
23.80 
38.28 
78.17 
85.73 
81.14 
94.34 


♦ 

♦ 
♦ 


$5,609,384 

7,436,232 

10,682,100 

10,667,900 

11,182,949 

12,365,125 

9,780,653 

2,403,538 

8,583,654 

1.903,885 

8,453,697 


Value  of  imports  during  the  first  seven  months  of  1919: 


Articles 


Apparel  and  slops 

Bags,  coal,  grain,  sugar  and  wool! 

Cotton  manufactures 

Electrical  material  and  machinery 
Articles  of  Food  and  Drink: 

Coflfee,  raw 

Wheat '.'.'.'.'.['.'. 

Flour  (or  meal)  wheaten 

Fruit,  almonds  and  nuts 

Dates 

Dried  fruit,  all  other. . ."  .*  .*  [..'. 

Milk  or  cream,  condensed 

Rice,  including  paddy . 

Whwkey 

Sugar 

Tea 

All  other  articles  of  food  and  drink 

Furniture 

Glycerine    for    manufacturing 

poses 

Haberdashery  and  millinery .  .'  .* .  . .' 
Hardware  and  cutlery  (fencing  ma 

terial,  etc.) 

Hats  and  caps 

Implements,   agriciiltural   including 

machinery 

India  rubber  and  manufactures  of, 

including  tires 

Iron  and  steel  manufactures,  except 

maonineiy 

Leather  and  leather  goods,  boots  and 
shoes 


pur- 


$9,360,646 
5,317,812 

21.658,626 
2,835.183 

1,106,267 
664,679 
942,081 
81,638 
23.328 
163,679 
913,947 
991,337 
659,608 
176,461 
717,020 
4,441,952 
1,343,206 

611,636 
3,793,750 

6,841,810 
1.352,982 

3,699,738 

1.694,084 

6,002.416 

5,631,213 


Saddlery  and  harness 

Other 

Machinery,       except " "  iocomotives. 

Manufacturing 

Mining 

All  others 

Manures  and  f ertilizere . '.'.'.'.'.'. 

Nitrates  for  manufacturing  purposes 

Paper,  printing 

Wrapping '"'' 

Other,  including  paper  bii^'  buVnot 
stationery.  . 

Mwaymateriar.::::::  :::::::::; 

baddlers  and  shoemakers'  materials 
ooap 

Printed  books !..*...* 

Motor  cars ,' 

T>  « 

Power  lorries 

Parts  of  cars  and  lorries. ..'.'.' 

Motor  bicycles  and  parts. 
Wax,  paraffine  and  stearine! .'.'. 

Wood  and  timber 

Woolen  manufactures 

All  other  merchandise  not  roecified 
above 


Note:  (a)     Figures  not  published. 


Total  merchandise  imported 
Imports  for  South  African  Govern^ 

o^?°t8 

Specie 


Grand  Total  Imports. 


$66,119 
882,605 

1.417,652 
2,667,997 
3,462,752 
42,763 
1.132,511 
4.157,039 
2,029.268 
1,321,929 

682,f81 

1,669.146 

651,565 

222.053 

830,224 

2.443,408 

105,593 

1,324,301 

398,719 

1,316,126 

2,745,865 

2,720,078 

30,034,493 

$142,908,886 

7,733,747 
(») 

$150,642,632 


Leather  goods  again  show  a  high  figure  ($3,822,827  agamst  $1,499,752),  and  vehicl^ 
.,  .^e  uo  inr^ue  from  $840,405  to  $1,695,843.  There  were  1,245  motor  cars  miported 
^  T^  Zhmm  the  first  Quarter  of  1918,  and  clocks  and  watches  stUl  represent  an 
Cre'^gtm  Haberdashery'  and  millinery  cost  the  Union  not  far  from  «25,000,000 
rS  »1,268,639  a  year  ago),  and  perfumery  and  toUet  preparations  mvolved  a  bJl 
for  $374  220  or  double  the  amount  so  expended  in  1918. 
Value  of  Exports  during  the  first  seven  months  of  1919: 


Articles 


1019 


Articles 


1919 


Animals,  living 

Asbestos,  raw .  •  •  •    •  •  • 

Bark  and  bark  extract 

Blasting  compounds 

Buchu  leaves 

Coal • • 

Copper,  ore  and  regulus 

Bar,  rod  and  ingot 

Cotton,  raw 

Diamonds 

Ostrich  feathers  •.•-•.••.•••• 
Articles  of  food  and  drink: 

Maize 

Maixe  meal 

Oats 

Flour,  wheaten 

P^ih,  dried  and  cured 

Fish,  preserved •  • 

Fruit,  dried  and  preserved. 

Fruit,  fresh 

Brandy 

Sugar 

Tea 


$369,248 

721,073 

1,468,040 

278,584 

139,759 

3,318,743 

1,028,283 

1,361,225 

17,670 

31,596,633 

4,365,169 

2,422,958 

4,325,677 

846,130 

168,554 

66.402 

131,545 

597.191 

640.956 

164,170 

88,038 

1,535,467 

33,130 


All  other  articles  of  food  and  drink 

Hair,  Angora 

Hides,  ox  and  cow 

Skins,  goat 

Skins,  sheep 

Oil,  whale 

Ores,  chrome  (iron) 

Tin. 


Soap,  common  and  toilet 

Tobacco,  all  kinds 

Wool ^••j.-- 

All  other  articles  of  merchandise. 

Total  South  African  Produce. 
Imported  Goods  re-exported .... 
Specie 


Grand  Total  Exports 


Shipped  as  stores  in  addition  to  the 
foregoing • 


$     263.922 

6,040,659 

5,547,792 

2,603,205 

2.735,130 

7,142,144 

109.581 

14,910 

365,846 

62,013 

410,373 

52,665.380 

2,409,704 

$136,045,319 
10,436,733 
(a) 

$146,482,052 


$7,064,160 


Note:  (a)  Figures  not  published. 

Values  of  the  principal  articles  imported  into  the  Union  for  the  years  1917  and  1918: 


Articles 


1918 


Articles 


1918 


Animals 

Antifriction  grease 

Apparel  and  slops . 

Arms  and  ammxmition 

Assay  apparatus 

Bags  not  leather 

Binding  twine •  • 

Bioscope  films  (exposed) 

Brass 

Brushware 

Canvas  and  duck 

Cement 

Clocks  and  watches 

CoaJ,  coke  and  patent  fuel 

Confectionery,  fancy 

Copra 

Cordage  and  rope 

Corks  and  bungs 

Cotton  manufactures: 

Blankets  and  rugs 

Piece  goods .^ 

Shawls  and  shawlmg 

Underclothing 

Waste 

Wick 

Other 

Drugs  and  chemicals: 

(including  apothecary  ware) . . . 
Dyestuflfs  and  tanning  substances 


I      393,738 
274,699 
14,348,019 
1,671,709 
77,475 
6,561,609 
765,398 
261,424 
185,774 
375,669 
1,037,995 
4,292 
661,058 
4,005 
89,899 
751,315 
293,976 
363.153 

7.216,874 

41,786,669 

714,027 

8,022,630 

662,997 

103,107 

3,958,786 

6,103,676 
196,164 


Earthen  and  china  ware 

Electrical  material: 

Fittings,  including  insulators  and 
posts 

Cable  and  wire 

Enameled  ware 

Felt •,•■'■,* ' 

Food  and  drink,  articles  of: 

Baking  powder ■ 

Biscuits , 

Butter  and  substitutes 

Cheese 

Chicory  and  substitutes 

Cocoa  and  chocolate,  xmsweetened 

Coffee 

Confectionery,  jams,  etc 

Com,  flour,  and  grain 

Extracts  and  essences 

Farinaceous  preparations 

Fish 

Fruits  and  nuts 

Lard  and  substitutes 

Meats,  fresh  and  preserved 

Milk,   condensed 

Oils,  salad 

Pickles  and  sauces 

Rice 

Spices 

Spirits,  potable 


$  904,823 


1,383,765 

441,022 
193,764 
123.769 

373,139 
17.661 
997.277 
70,555 
13,300 
106.452 
4,146,292 
327,408 
3,430,629 
236,599 
211.440 
326.415 
481.180 
5,800 
456.692 
685,451 
166,916 
266,374 
2.196,648 
950,632 
2,003,563 


i 


Continued  on  page  532 


1 

532 


Table  Continued: 


Articles 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


1918 


Food  and  drink,  articles  of  (continue 

Sugar 

Sugar  produota ....'    ' 

Tea •   * 

Vegetables,  prepared .'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 

Wme 

Footwear,  not  leather ....'.'.'.'.'"" 

Furniture,  etc 

Film  •  •  •  •  • 

Glass  and  glassware 

Glycerin 

Haberdashery  and  millinery. .'.'.'. 

Hardware  and  cutlery 

Hats  and  caps 

Hides  and  skins 

xlose,  conveying 

Implements,  agricultural  and  dairy! 

India  rubber,  including  tires 

Instruments,  musical ' ' 

Iron  and  steel: 

Bar,  bolt,  and  rod 

Girders,  beams  and  joists [ 

Hoops [[ 

Pigs  and  ingots !!!..,!! 

Pipes     and     fittings,     cast     and 

wrought 

Plate  and  sheet 

Jewelry 

Jute  and  hessian !.'!.'.'!! 

Lamps  and  lamp  ware '.'.'.'.', 


d) 


Leather  and  leather  goods: 

Boots  and  shoes 

Unmanufactured ' " 

Other ; 

Linen  manufactures * '  | 

Machinery  (except  locomotires) : 

Agricultural , 

Bands  and  b«lting !!.*..'! 

Electrical ][ 

Manufacturing .'.*.*.'!! 

Mining .'.'!.'!! 

Other,  n.  e.  8 .'!!!.'! 

Packing,  engine !.'!!!! 

Pumpa ."!!.*!!! 

Windmills '.!!!!!! 

Manures  and  fertilisers. ... . . '.'..'. 

Metal,  composition 

Nitrates !!..!! 

Oilman's  stores .'.'!!!! 

Oils,  mineral : 

Lubricating 

Motor  spirit '.'.'.'.'. 

Paraffin  (kerosene) .'.'*'** 

Oils,  vegetable: 

Cocoanut 

Cottonseed !!!!![ 

Essential  and  perfumed.*.' .' .' .' .' .' 


1.447,682 
158,862 
2,298,321 
50,890 
270,134 
237,461 
2,056,617 
96,980 
1.356.464 
2,062,822 
6,846,066 
5,536.578 
1.963.657 
365,216 
278,188 
2,409,672 
2,112,718 
391.077 

2,008,507 

36,956 

143,303 

60,344 

1.706.385 
2,468.785 
470,780 
689,603 
156,730 
124.669 

7,546,603 
760.337 
487,059 
243,242 

413,244 

1,002,666 

614.751 

977.242 

2,863,837 

1,391,901 

279.420 

296.735 

147,216 

669,979 

102,673 

1,233,531 

1,375,813 

1.307,015 
2,466,006 
1,216,912 

192,611 

29 

185.467 


Articles 


material 


material 


Oils,  vegetables  (Continued) 

Linseed 

Palm '.'.'.'.'.'.'. 

Paints  and  colors. .'.'.'.'.'.'.'.['. 

E^Per 

rerfumery 

Photographic  materials. . !  * ' 
Plate  silver,  and  plated  ware 
Plumbago 

Printers'^  and  boolibindeis' 
n.  p  B 

Qwcksilver 

J*j|jJ^ay, material .'.[ 

oaddlers    and  shoemakers' 

(not  leather) 

Seeds [ 

Sheep  and  cattle  dip . .  .* .' .'  .*  *  * .'  .* ' " 

Silk  manufactures 

Soap [  I  *  * 

Sporting  goods.  ..!!!!.*.'.'.*!.*"."* 

Stationery  and  books. . 

Sulphur ' 

Surgical  and  dental  appliances'.*.'.'.' 

1  allow  and  grease 

Tar,  etc ....!!!..*!* 

Tin  and  tinware ..'. 

Tobacco  raw  and  maniif acti^^ ' "  * 

1  obaccomsts'  wares 

Toys  and  fancy  goods. ,'.] 

Tramway  material '.'.'/.'. 

Vehicles: 

Bicycles  and  tricytsles 

Motorcycles  and  parts.  ...*.* 

Motor  cars '.  * 

Motor  tnicks '.'.'.'.'. 

Motor  car  and  motor  tnick 'parts.' 

Other  vehicles  and  parts. ..... 

Wax,  paraffin  and  stearin. 

Wood  and  timber: 

Unmanufactured 

Manufactured ['.] 

Woolen  manufactures: 

Blankets  and  rugs 

Cloth  and  piece  goods. ..." 

Hosiery  and  underclothing 

Shawls 

AH  other .'!!.'.'!! 

Zinc  and  sincware. ...!!!!  |  ] 
All  other  articles ....'. 


Total 

Imported      from      Southern 
Northern  Rodesia 


and 


1918 


706,778 

,  437,484 

1.036,696 

4,600,588 

1.034,161 

309.217 

467,305 

466,327 

119.983 
811,076 
394.454 

480,452 
198,697 
362,690 

2,687.791 
343,643 
346,074 

8.315.950 
471.987 
638,478 
430,262 
91,678 
131.814 
641,668 
607,148 

39.684 

429,824 
471,111 

1,216.048 

41,472 

835,179 

176,070 

2,666,800 

4,204,106 
965.392 

1.966.844 

4,168,760 

366,044 

334,202 

250,678 

1.165,327 

6,624,949 


Total  merchandise 

Imports  of  Government  stores 
Specie 


Grand  total. 


$228,472,668 

2.186.826 

$230,659,393 
10.169,910 


The  percentage  of  the  trade  held  by  various  countries  of 
and  three  years  preceding  the  war; 


$240.829.303 


origin  during  three  war  years 


Countries  of  origin 


1911 


1912 


1913 


1916 


United  Kingdom 

British  possessions:  

Canada 

India 

Australia 

Other....::..:: 

United  States ::::::::: 

Netherlands :::::::::: 

Sweden :::::::::: 

Japan ::::::::: 

Germany. :::::: 


Per  cent 
58.2 

1.8 
2.4 
4.4 


1917 


Per  cent 
67.9 


1.6 

8.1 

1.8 

1.8 

0.3 

9.8 

Per  cent 
54.4 


1918 


1.8 

2.2 

2.7 

2.8 

3.4 

5.2 

1.7 

1.7 

9.0 

9.5 

2.1 

2.2 

1.6 

1.8 

0.3 

0.3 

9.0 

8.8 

Per  cent 
68.7 


Per  cent 
62.6 


2.2 

2.8 

3.8 

6.1 

3.3 

3.6 

1.3 

1.6 

16.7 

17.9 

1.4 

1.0 

2.3 

2.4 

1.4 

2.1 

Per  cent 
54.1 

2.0 
7.1 
2.5 
2.6 
13.9 
0.8 
2.0 
6.6 


UNION  OF  SOUTH  AFRICA 


533 


Imports  by  principal  countries  of  origin  in  1918: 


Articles  and  Countries  of  origin 


Value 


\mmalB  .....•• 

United  Kingdom 

United  States 

Antifriction  grease 

United  States 

United  Kingdom 

Apparel  and  slops 

United  Kingdom 

United  States 

Japan 

France .•  .• 

Arms  and  ammumtion 

United  Kingdom 

United  States 

Assay  apparatus 

United  Kingdom 

United  States 

Netherlands ;•'•,••;• 

Bags  and  sacks  (not  leather) , 

India 

United  Kingdom 

United  States 

Binding  twine 

Australia 

United  States 

Japan •  • 

Bioscope  films  (exposed) 

United  Kingdom 

United  States 

Brass • 

United  Kingdom 

United  States 

Japan •  •  • 

Boots,  shoes,  and  suppers. . . 

United  Kingdom 

United  States 

Bwitterland 

Argentina 

Japan 

Brushware 

United  Kingdom 

Japan 

United  States 

Argentina 

Cement 

United  Kingdom 

United  States 

Clocks  and  watches 

Switserland 

United  States 

United  Kingdom 

France 

Japan 

Confectionery 

United  States 

United  Kingdom 

France 

Blankets  and  nigs . . . .  ~.  ~« 

Japan 

United  Kingdom 

India 

Netherlands 

France 

United  States 

Canvas  and  duck 

United  Kingdom 

Japan 

India 

United  States 

Hosiery  and  imderwear. . 

United  Kingdom 

Japan 

United  States 

India 

Switserland 


$393,738 

339,526 

8.828 

274,699 

178,440 

96,182 

14,348,019 

13,735,311 

187,146 

163,573 

48.665 

1,571,709 

1,393.138 

170.975 

77,475 

76,465 

916 

526 

6,561,609 

6,064,379 

487.112 

9,183 

765,398 

663.883 

88,059 

3,669 

261,424 

130,724 

124.797 

185,774 

65,440 

55,055 

54,505 

7,646,603 

4,089,602 

2,598,716 

652,038 

174,698 

24,732 

375,669 

196,723 

129.488 

13,913 

9,869 

4,292 

4.287 

661,058 
311.723 
144.997 
67.070 
17,772 
17.729 
89.899 
67,969 
29,287 
1,518 
7,216,874 
3.040,000 
2,579,785 
785,171 
642,587 
121,979 
24,201 
1,037,995 
552,489 
233.261 
124,684 
112,221 
8,022.630 
6.005.368 
1,189.085 
634.611 
93,442 
72,423 


Articles  and  Countries  of  origin 


Value 


Piece  goods 

United  Kingdom. 

Japan 

India 

United  States... 

France 

Italy...... 

Switzerland 

Copper. 
Ui 


nited  States 

Japan ....••••• 

Belgian  Congo 

United  Kingdom 

Copra 

Zanzibar 

British  East  Africa 

Portuguese  East  Africa. . . . 

Mauritius 

India •  •  • 

Cordage  and  rope  (not  twine) 

United  Kingdom 

Australia 

United  States 

India 

Japan 

Corks  and  bungs 

United  Kingdom 

Portugal 

United  States 

Spain 

Drugs,    chemicals    and    apothecary 

ware 

United  Kingdom. 

United  States 

Norway 

Japan 

Canada 

France 

Dyestuff 8  and  tanning  substances. . .  I 

United  Kingdom 

United  States 

Earthenware  and  chinaware 

United  Kingdom 

Japan 

India 

United  States 

Electrical  material 

United  States 

United  Kingdom 

Netherlands 

Japan 

Enameled  ware 

United  States 

United  Kingdom . 

Netherlands 

Felt 

United  States 

United  Kingdom 

Baking  powder 

United  States 

Australia 

Biscuits 

United  States 

Australia 

Butter  and  substitutes 

Australia 

Jndia . •  .....•••••• 

Argentma 

Cheese 

Canada 

Argentina 

Umted  States 


$41,786,669 

37,482.873 

1,590,976 

1.233,093 

1,074.483 

172,946 

125.269 

94,074 

98,848 
69.761 
13.587 
8.779 
3,231 
751,315 
655,469 
64.802 
15,733 
8.765 
6.515 
293.976 
160.667 
86.692 
24.070 
17.675 
2,681 

363,153 

204,928 

94,610 

32.421 

16,587 


!•••••• 


103.676 
4,712,310 
551.842 
173.403 
175,914 
135.410 
83.149 
196,154 
73,353 
72,491 
904.823 
804,812 
81.032 
6.246 
1.168 
1,824,787 
541,442 
497,780 
459,957 
283,629 
193,764 
65,931 
62,598 
23.729 
123,769 
93.641 
28,464 
373,139 
372,954 
146 
17.651 
15,208 
1.635 
997.277 
786,314 
178.878 
22,877 
70,555 
38.990 
24.722 
5.382 


:iii 


t 


1     i^ 


Continued  on  page  534 


534 


Table  Continued: 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


UNION  OF  SOUTH  AFRICA 


535 


Articles  and  Countries  of  origin 


Chicory  and  substitutes 

Australia 

United  States 

Cocoa  and  chocolate 

Portuguese  West  Africa . . 

United  States 

Canada. 

Netherlands 

Brazil 

Coffee 

Brazil 

British  East  Africa.  ....'. 

Confectionery,  Jams,  etc 

United  States 

Switzerland 

Australia 

United  Kingdom 

Corn,  flour  and  grain 

Australia 

Argentina 

India 

United  States , 

Extract  and  essences , 

United  Kingdom 

i*  ranee 

Australia 

United  States 

Farinaceous  preparations . . . . 

United  States 

United  Kingdom 

Australia 

Argentina 

*5v  •■•*■'"•••••••••■■•••• 

Umted  States 

Japan 

Portugal 

Frmt  and  nuts 

Portuguese  East  Africa 

Spam 

Turkish  Empire 

India , 

AustraUa 

Argentina 

Lard  and  substitutes 

Australia 

United  States 

Argentina 

Meats,  fresh  and  preserved .  . . 

Argentina 

Uruguay 

United  States 

Australia 

Condensed  milk 

United  States 

Australia 

United  Kingdom 

Oils,  salad 

India 

Portuguese  East  Africa. .... 

Portugal , 

United  States 

Pickles  and  sauces 

United  Kingdom 

AustraUa 

United  States 

Rice 

India 

China ]  * 

Siam 

Spices.. 

Zanzibar 

Straits  Settlement*.  .  '. . . .... 

United  Kingdom 

India 

China 


Value 


Articles  and  Countries  of  origin 


$13,300 
8,886 
3,042 
196^2 
68.165 
50,042 
27,851 
22,829 
15,305 
4,416,292 
3,707,319 
411,852 
327.408 
164,658 
72,601 
43.059 
19.709 
3.430,629 
2,459,411 
765,963 
131.930 
21.597 
236,599 
199,249 
24,814 
4,998 
3,222 
211.440 
85.334 
75.056 
42.548 
6.016 
326.415 
108,362 
84.307 
52,729 
481,180 
109,384 
78.078 
65.240 
44,626 
37,443 
34.499 
5.800 
4,419 
681 
667 
466,692 
310,969 
74,088 
46,704 
19,442 
685,451 
470,250 
123.794 
56,563 
166,916 
81,630 
30.479 
27.890 
10,429 
255374 
199,483 
27.549 
21.669 
2,195,648 
2,026.766 
90,361 
46.475 
960.632 
664,672 
97.962 
91.330 
88.690 
16,989 


Spirits,  potable 

United  Kingdom . .    '  " 

France 

Netherlands .  .  . . .'  * .'  *  " 
Argentina 

^United  States:..:::::: 

Sugar 

Portuguese  JEasV  Africa". 

Mauritius 

India 

United  States..::::'" 

S"R*»:  products ::: 

Umted  States 

Argentma 

•^  sa 

Ceylon .    . 

r    "i.      •  •  • 

India 

Dutch  East  Indies 

China .:::::: 

Vegetables,  prepared 

Umted  States 

Portnfal 

panada 

Wines 

=r^ 

France. 

Jortugal 

Spain 

Footwear  (not  leather) .... 

United  Kingdom 

United  States 

Furniture,  etc , 

Umted  Kingdom 

India 

Umted  States 

Japan 

Ceylon :::::::::: 

Furs.. 

Umted  Kingdom 

Italy 

Glass  and  glassware 

United  Kingdom 

Japan 

United  sutes ::::: 

Glycerin 

United  Kingdom ..:::::: 

Australia 

Argentina : : : 

France 

United  States :::: 

Haberdashery  and  millinery. 

United  Kingdom 

Switzerland 

Japan 

France \\[\ 

United  States .*.::: 

Italy 

Hardware  and  cutlery 

United  Kingdom 

United  States 

Canada 

Japan 

Sweden : 

Argentina : : : 

Germany 

Hats  and  caps 

Umted  Kingdom 

Japan 

United  States 

India 

Ecuador 


»  •  •  •  < 


Value 


12,003.553 
1,635.876 
361,900 
77,618 
9.961 
1.299 
1.447,682 
760,254 
692.420 
2.818 
1,650 
168,862 
138,058 
13,461 
2,296,321 
1.116.039 
1.099,328 
67,366 
12.668 
5a890 
14,497 
11.656 
8.872 
270.134 
141.839 
33,248 
34.096 
22.444 
237.461 
155,013 
30,109 
11.417 
2.056,617 
1.334,092 
190.650 
185.039 
102.303 
65,965 
96,980 
93.330 
2,720 
1.356.464 
875.221 
286.606 
99.846 
2.062.822 
1,719,008 
276.872 
46.317 
11.144 
8.327 
6.846.066 
4.426.408 
942.676 
602.444 
473.647 
253.033 
76,268 
6.636,578 
3.077.453 
1,163,222 
600,132 
415.365 
96,444 
72.919 
55.809 
1.963,667 
1.713.023 
193.249 
23.038 
12.341 
10.040 
6.606 


Continued  on  page  536 


Table  Continued: 

Articles  and  Countries  of  origin 


Hides  and  skins.  . . .  •  •  •  •  ....••••• 
Southwest  Africa  Protectorate .  . 

Madagascar .  .  .  • ....  • 

Portuguese  East  Africa 

India 

Hops • 

United  Kingdom 

United  States 

Australia. 

Hose,  conveying 

United  States 

United  Kingdom 

Japan j' " "  "i 

Implements  and  tools 

United  States 

Canada 

United  Kingdom 

Sweden 

Denmark 

Japan .••  •  •  •,•  ••  • 

India  rubber,  including  tires 

United  Kingdom 

United  States 

France 

Italy 

Canada 

British  East  Africa 

Japan •.  •  •  • 

Instruments,  musical 

United  Kingdom 

United  States 

Instruments,  surgical,  dental,  etc . . . 

United  Kingdom 

United  States 

Japan 

Iron  and  steel  manufactures 

United  States 

United  Kingdom ■ 

Canada ■ 

Jewelry 

United  Kingdom 

United  States 

Switzerland 

France 

Japan 

Jute  and  hessian 

India 

United  Kingdom 

Japan 

United  States 

Lamps  and  lampware 

United  States 

United  Kingdom 

Japan 

Canada 

Sweden 

Lead 

Australia 

United  Kingdom 

United  States 

India 

Leather  and  leather  manufactures  (in-" 
eluding  boots,  shoes,  and  slippers) 

United  Kingdom 

United  States 

Switzerland 

Argentma 

Australia 

Japan 

Linen  manufactures 

United  Kingdom 

japAn .•••••••• 

India 

United  States 


$365,216 
171,481 
139,265 
20,044 
14,809 
171,194 
121.619 
27,038 
18.298 
278.188 
228,044 
31,073 
14,848 
3,207,943 
1,569,393 
731,688 
533.529 
297,615 
45,443 
5.893 
2,112.718 
1.283,476 
689.090 
84,137 
51,488 
45,234 
27,462 
15,845 
391,077 
240,717 
88,626 
50,460 
237,840 
109,248 
99,121 
16,770 
6,563,580 
3.067,053 
2.953,907 
600,909 
470,780 
399,875 
31,384 
21,636 
5,625 
4,944 
689,603 
649,765 
27,213 
10,925 
1,698 
156.730 
63,495 
49.687 
29.729 
5,981 
5.217 
124,669 
41,701 
35,228 
26.551 
7,845 
5,869 


8.793.999 

4,487,215 

2.818.974 

652,072 

528.653 

176.907 

106.143 

243,242 

223,436 

14,215 

2,599 

1,003 


Machinery  (except  locomotives). . . 

United  Kingdom 

United  States 

Canada .- 

Switzerland 

Sweden 

Japan 

Manure  and  fertilizers 

Japan 

Argentina 

Umted  States 

Portuguese  East  Africa 

Falkland  Islands 

United  Kingdom 

Metal  composition 

United  States 

United  Kingdom 

Japan 

Nitrates 

Chile 

United  Kingdom 

Oilman's  stores 

United  Kingdom 

United  States 

Argentina 

Brazil 

Canada 

Oils,  mineral 

United  States 

Dutch  East  Indies 

British  West  Indies 

United  Kingdom 

Oils,  vegetable 

British  West  Africa 

India 

Argentina 

United  Kingdom 

United  States 

Zanzibar 

Mauritius 

Paints  and  colors 

United  Kingdom 

United  States 

Canada 

Paper 

United  Kingdom 

Sweden 

United  States 

Canada 

Norway 

Japan 

Perfumery 

United  Kingdom 

United  States 

France 

Japan • 

Photographic  material 

United  Kingdom 

United  States 

Plate,  silver,  and  plated  ware .  . 

United  Kingdom 

Japan 

United  States 

Plumbago 

Madagascar 

United  Kingdom 

United  States ;  '  *  :    ••  •,• 

Printers'  and  bookbinders  material 


United  Kingdom . 

United  States 

Sweden 

Canada 

Quicksilver 

Spain 


$8,087,013 
4.450,117 
3,215,389 
154,487 
92.415 
50.831 
17.777 
669.979 
232.326 
141.893 
140.418 
9.718 
5.445 
2.896 
102,673 
56.432 
37.676 
8,020 
1,233.531 
776.737 
456,794 
1.375,813 
603,159 
341,054 
290.661 
69.202 
36.362 
5.246.092 
3.998,706 
986,921 
203.546 
52.047 
1.655.695 
434,248 
469.093 
322.698 
144.613 
82,969 
70,287 
64,442 
1,036,696 
402,654 
302,774 
286,963 
4,500,588 
1,365,903 
1,316,787 
729,045 
635,909 
510,345 
31,356 
1,034,151 
549.447 
335,389 
134,247 
9,251 
309,217 
195.896 
79.480 
457,305 
413,696 
35.681 
4,847 
466.327 
460.254 
4,584 
1.489 

119.983 

97.048 

10.517 

4.404 

4.283 

311,076 

278,149 


Continued  on  page  536 


■■—I 


536 


Table  Continued: 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


UNION  OF  SOUTH  AFRICA 


537 


Articles  and  Countries  of  origin 


Quicksilver  (Continued) 

Italy 

United  States.  .!.*.!!*.!!!!!!!.'.*; 
Rails  (light  for  industrial  purposM) '. 

United  States 

United  Kingdom ,.  [, 

Railway  material .'].'.' 

United  States '.',,', 

United  Kingdom ' 

Australia [ 

Saddlers'  and  shoemakers'  materiij 

(not  leather) 

-    United  Kingdom " 

United  States 

Canada 

Japan 

Seeds 

United  Kingdom 

France 

Argentina ] 

United  States 

Sheep  and  cattle  dip 

United  Kingdom 

United  States 

Silk  manufactures 

Japan , 

United  Kingdom , 

China 

India 

United  States 

Hong  Kong 

Switzerland 

Italy 

Soap , 

United  Kingdom 

United  States 

Australia 

Sporting  goods 

United  Kingdom 

France 

United  States 

Stationery  and  books 

United  Kingdom 

United  States 

Netherlands 

Sweden 

Japan , 

Norway 

.  Canada 

Sulphur 

Japan [ 

United  States [ 

China 

Surgical  and  dental  appliances 

United  Kingdom 

United  States .' 

Japan 

Tallow  and  grease 

Australia 

Argentina 

Portuguese  East  Africa 
Tar,  etc  

United  Kingdom 

Sweden 

Argentina.  .  . 

United  States 


Value 


$28,780 

3.187 

63,192 

41.935 

21,257 

394,454 

295,104 

89,811 

6,972 


430,452 
262.299 
91,271 
49,779 
21,048 
198,597 
88,137 
26,333 
26,250 
24,663 
352,690 
288.861 
63.620 
2.587.791 
1.378.353 
470.736 
201.921 
88,595 
86,293 
66,150 
66,354 
64.339 
343,643 
247.729 
78.419 
9,869 
345,074 
324.883 
8.142 
7.519 
6.315,950 
3.736.206 
798.340 
222,452 
192,134 
168,016 
64.992 
52,349 
471,987 
255.282 
200,923 
13.436 
538,478 
446.117 
74.442 
10.434 
430.262 
394,705 
18,775 
14,600 
91,578 
46,762 
19,972 
12,458 
7,859 


Articles  and  Countries  of  origin 


Tin  and  tinware 

United  Kingdom ......' 

Japan ! 

Canada 

United  States '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.' 

Tobacco,  raw  and  manufactured' 

United  Kingdom .  . . 

Cuba 

United  States.  ....'.*.*." 

Netherlands 

Nyassaland  Protectorate .' .'  .*  " 
Eg>-pt ■■ 

Tobacconists'  wares. 

France ......* 

Japan '.'.*.*!.'.'*.'' 

United  Kingdom 

United  Sutes '...'.'.'. '. ' ." 

Toys  and  fancy  goods. 

Japan ['[ 

United  Kingdom 

United  States '.'.'.'.'.'."' 

France .".*.'!*"* 

Tramway  material ..!...!!... 

United  Kingdom 

United  States 

Vehicles....        

United  States 

United  Kingdom 

Canada [ 

Japan.     .....    !.' !!!.".'.' .' 

Wax,  paraffin  and  stearin 

India 

United  States '.'. •'    • 

Duteh  East  Indies ::::::;; 

Umted  Kingdom 

Zanzibar 

British  East  Africa.. :::::::::: 

Portuguese  East  Africa. . . 
Wood  and  timber: 
Unmanufactured 

Sweden 

United  States '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'" 

Canada .".*.'!'" 

Norway .'.'.'.*.*!!! 

Japan .'!!!.'.' 

India i !..!!..! ! 

Argentina .*.'.'.'.*.' 

Straits  Settlements 

British  West  Africa .' ."  " 

Manufactured " 

Sweden '.'.'.'.'. 

Russia 

United  States '.'.'.', 

Portugal 

United  Kingdom 

Canada !!!!!!'.!* 

Japan .'.'.*.'!!.'." 

Woolen  manufactures.  .!!.!!!!]* 

United  Kingdom 

JapMin !!.'.'*'* 

France .'.'.'.' 

United  States .......!!!.*.' 

Zinc,  unmanufactured. 

United  States .'.':::::: 

Umted  Kingdom 

Japan 


Value 


1131.814 
106.002 
8.735 
7.490 
,  7.451 
541,568 
140,496 
133.230 
107,155 
59,629 
50.087 
16.614 
507.148 
227,168 
126,758 
121,862 
23,707 
951,668 
453,211 
356,252 
89,948 
30,698 
39,584 
22,615 
17,456 
3,168,705 
1.900,393 
659,007 
638,527 
67,824 
2,655,800 
1.745,249 
399,087 
356,880 
76,404 
31,983 
21,063 
20,595 

4,204.100 
2.051,847 
914,332 
444,968 
404,605 
146,881 
145,197 
15,320 
13,850 
12,390 
965.392 
544,138 
104,420 
113,000 
46,412 
61,347 
65.916 
22,751 
7,066,528 
6,809,742 
152.876 
52,680 
17,923 
1.165.317 
895.297 
253,009 
7,777 
6.862 


Four  year  table  of  importa  showing  most  important  divisions: 


Animals,  living. . .  •  •  •  • 

Aijricultural  implements 

Fixtures 

Aericultural  produce: 

Coffee,  Raw  and  roasted 

Corn  and  grain 

Flour  and  meal 

Fruit,  fresh •  • 

Fruit,  dried  or  preserved 

Rice .  . . . ; ;  •  •  • 

Sugar  and  sugar  products 

Tea 

VeKctables,  fresh — 

Vegetables,  preserved 

Dairy  Products: 
Butter  and  butter  substitutes . 

Cheese 

Milk,  condensed 

Farm  Produce: 

Eggs,  fresh j  * ' '  '  1 " 

Hams,  bacon  and  salted  meats 

Lard • • 

Meat  and  poultry,  frozen 

Meat,  preserved 

Miscellaneous: 

Aerated  waters 

Ale  and  beer 

Biscuits  and  cakes. . .  . .  • .-  •  •  •  ■ 
Confectionery,  jams  and  jellies 
sh.  fresh,  dried  and  pre3er\'e( 
Pickles,  sauces  and  condiments 


Iron  and  Sted: 

Bar,  bolt  and  rod. 
Pipes  and  piping . 
Plate  and  sheet .  . 

Nitrates 

Machinery : 

Agricultural 

Electrical . 


Mining. 

Windmills 

Manufactured  articles: 

Cement 

Electric  cable 

Electrical  fittings. 

Glass  bottles  and  jars 

Printing  paper 

Plate  and  silver  ware 

Soap 

Books 

Motor  cars 

Shoes 

Textiles,  wearing  apparel,  etc. 

Cotton,  piece  goods 

Cotton  hosiery 

Haberdashery 

Hats  and  caps 

Woolen  blankets 

Woolen  cloth 


$583,409 

1,741,090 

879,135 

2,613,017 

4,344,159 

2,954,326 

272,680 

271,270 

1,633,766 

1,689,127 

1,432,266 

67,860 

122,826 

1,211,175 

764,988 
2,113,998 

288,266 
1,125.619 
261.560 
149,537 
582.995 

37.227 

138.330 

310,252 

1,243,999 

Fish,  fresh,  dried  and  preser\^ed 'Si  QR.5 

Pickles,  sauces  and  condiments 7q»  q?4 

Wines  and  spirits 1.7y».»i* 


963,495 
1,557,741 

1,288,784 
1,071,683 

491,112 

2,107,631 

c    ..     •  1,516,481 

Manufacturing '.'.'..'.']      3,682,665 


Total  Imports 


334,178 

335,383 

943,666 

1,127,855 

499,180 

959,062 

526,858 

356,087 

1,091,915 

3,663,108 

5,453,872 

7,370,491 
3,251,131 
5,243,070 
995,357 
1,135.714 
1,393,503 


$296,887 
1,263,230 
852,133 

2,625,770 
5,385,234 
2,213,584 

254,022 

343,543 
1,914,888 

881,837 

1,555,608 

64,793 

147,778 

912,659 

755,564 

1,994.714 

93,472 

1,039,461 

294,914 

17,311 

659,662 

25.680 

132,245 

305,664 

1,619,390 

1,289,338 

457,190 

2,053,943 

1,096.688 

1,041,833 

1,045,930 

545,899 

366,191 

866,567 

1,480,205 

3,180,442 

167,956 

205,087 
543,294 
885,453 
496,969 
825,451 
286,020 
376,893 
1,042,163 
2,252,255 
4,916,206 

8,752,724 
8,752,724 
4,533,801 
1,018,981 
3.720.572 
1,781,880 


$176,864,444 


$369,073 
2,170,563 
615,995 

2,676.722 
5.952,508 
2,501.471 

286,001 

315,725 
1.849,769 

426,061 

1,418.546 

21,811 

146,655 

440,175 

467,386 

1,647,540 

627 

831,317 

269,545 

9,170 

284,713 

23,255 

158,601 

194,910 

1,526,987 

1,044,768 

399.686 

2,491,527 

2,276,676 
1,007,181  , 

935,890 
1,355,167 

350,124 

877,196 

1,155,853 

3,870,951 

272,553 

227,171 
1.153,477 
1,448,591 

893,161 
1,900,959 

490,660 

460,718 
1,180,703 
3,739,969 
7.324,700 

13,985.330 
13.985,330 
5,963,453 
1,662,708 
5,991,481 
2,220.796 


$164,431,014 


1917 


$270,619 

2,170,898 

219,424 

2,776.348 

4.502,449 

1,957.039 
167,156 
226,801 

1,994,437 
961,303 

1.750.202 

3,902 

51,331 

286,220 

146,751 

2,075.142 

43 

153,527 

123,527 

3,436 

339,908 

23,930 
206,734 

35,298 

487,394 

877,419 

278,065 

2,326,452 

2,241,043 
956.141 
875,339 

1,826,912 

325.309 
730.341 
902.864 
3.676.473 
210.175 

105.248 

261.055 

1.004,902 

509.021 

1,752,273 

329.269 

358,148 

1,061.997 

2,959,749 

4,383,666 

15,442,227 
15.442.227 
4.516,573 
1,150.308 
4.921.571 
2.087.739 


$200,159,007 


$186.456.718 


'f 


Value  of  imports  for  years  1913-17,  showing  principal  countries  of  origin: 


Country  of  origin 


1913 


1914 


United  Kingdom . 

Canada.  Dominion  of 

India ■ 

Ceylon \\'V 

Australia.  Commonwealth  of 
New  Zealand.  Dominion  of.. , 
Mauritius •  •  • 


Total:     British  Empire. 


101.914.005 
4.163,065 
5,289,105 
1,002,875 
9,751,128 
333,794 
906.633 


$123.360.605 


86,217,192 
3,786,309 
4,855,898 
1,028,732 
7,600,213 
283,026 
608,292 


1915 


$104,379,662 


82,949,532 
4,753,463 
6,150,927 
1,110.835 
2,209,040 
56,768 
61.872 


$97,292,417 


1916 


110.538.960 

4.211.909 

7.074.237 

828,066 

6.365.352 

58.125 

124.532 

$129,201,281 


1917 


91.438.110 

4.703.712 

10.707.513 

1.005.568 

6.161.075 

11.284 

224.201 


$114.251.463 


Continued  on  page  538 


538 


^lE^^IEElf^^EIEE^^  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


UNION  OF  SOUTH  AFRICA 


539 


Table  Continued: 


Countries  of  Origin 


Austria-Hungary.  . 

Belgium ..'.'' 

Belgium  Congo. 

r ranee 

Germany 

Holland  .    

Italy...        

Norway.    

Sweden  .;:::: 

Swit«erland..        

t^mna 

Japan. :::::::;•■•• 

United  States  of  America" 
Argentina  Republic 
Brasil . , 

Chile.:.::::::; 


Total:     Foreign  Cnur^rri^  . 


S730,112 

2.808,487 

'2.'9b9',86i 
16,540,723 
4,113.018 
1.540,649 
1,731.682 
3,382,521 
941,513 
313,022 
533,686 
17,826,985 
820,231 
3,049,858 
1.127,111 


158,369.459 

1917: 


$581,858 
1.706,559 

2,346:203 
10,665,410 
2,663.707 
1.286.913 
1.113,494 
2,495.362 
976.388 
222,976  I 
535.858 
14,626,155 
146,261 
2,354,461 
1.043,976 


133,169 
140,050 


■459        $42.765.571 


2.354.757 
116.323 
248,529 
1.647,909 
l,073,2r)7 
2,186,635 
1,543,686 
379,439 
1.077.243 
21,447,899 
1.532,989 
2.489,671 
540.359 


$9,442 
141.528 
5,147,757 
2.460.627 
176,801 
2.576.271 
1.380.453 
1.312.754 
4,356,008 
1,875,464 
623,066 
2,628,696 
30.428,251 
810,983 
2,530,643 
1.348,552 


$1,793 
56,152 
6.703,203 
2.188,511 
,  „3 1,993 
1.769.404 
1.059,917 
1.07fi,945 
4.097.291 
1,417,602 
346.707 
3.628.346 
31.359.407 
395.749 
2.683.906 
1.749.361 


Gold  I 

Diamond^ $182,684,479 

Ostrich  feathere : : : : fJ'iS'J  J  J 

Wool,  scoured       14.354.432 

wooiigreasl!*.:::::;: 2J'JJi'?E2 

Angora  hair           26.460.386 

Hides.           4.268.599 

Goat  skinV  ; 3,863.393 

Sheep  skins:    M^'^^ 

Fresh  fruit 4,323.509 

Wattle  baric; ,  263,971 

Wattle  (extract) 1.503.339 

Coal  (bunker) .  . : : ' " 

Coal ■  ■ 

Maize 

Tobacco,  all  kinds:: 
fish,  preserved 


5,126.012 

'  34J5'.278 

410.2i3 


$99,843,820 

26.792.786 

6,525.604 

1.594,434 

18,956.707 

4,054.221 

2,644,083 

1.307,026 

3,660,906 

458,147 

1,371,899 

4,917,858 

'2,131,656 

429,254 


not  available 

$8,146,030 

3.614,732 

3,007,868 

23,101,776 

3.341,906 

2.799.092 

1.287.292 

4,022.087 

319.350 

948.885 

4.600.330 

3.069,799 

498,366 


not  available 

$25,660,683 

2.363.719 

4.877.962 

27.139.964 

5.422.229 

3.977.526 

2.015.815 

5.268.978 

335,058 

1.251.124 

72.559 

9.^6.180 

1.566.591 

4.264.008 

684.342 


Value  of  exports  im2.l916.  Bhowin.  nnnWn.. ,-  ..  .....     ,.  ^ 


not  available 
$29,631,449 
850.592 
8.770,584 
33.908,536 
1.363,891 
4,074,988 
1.788,441 
6,963,363 
not  available 
1,096,950 
240,667 
not  available 
1,567.058 
not  available 
488,828 


711.538  I  not  available 


Countries  of  destination 


British  Empire. 

Austria-Hungary . 

Belgium ]  _ 

France ; ; 

Germany. . : : : : 

German  East  Africa. 

Ho?UnT"^^"''^-'^"^^'ica: 

Italy. ...::::; 

Portuguese  East  Aifri'ca'. 

i'ortuguese  West  Africa.  : 


menca. 


United  States  of  A.»„.c 
Uther  Foreign  Countries 

Total:     Foreign  Countries. 
Ship's  Stores 

Grand  Total . 


13.000 

3.00«,400 

733.675 

8.375.665 

20.081 

392.007 

313,523 

235,855 

683,111 

22,759 

2,628.414 

266.775 


$16,691,265 
5.400.922 

$296.463.307 


40.158 

3.392.873 

958,839 

10,410.071 

19,425 

469.762 

39,050 

207,293 

943,632 

33,028 

2,606,014 

188,247 

$19,308,392 
5,341,086 

$313.783.655 


8.859 

2.095.792 

396.051 

6.963.903 

5.924 

221,703 

38,481 

36,299 

551,605 

37,665 

1.346,783 

230,534 

$11,933,599 
5.201,468 


$52,962,963 


$83.261.068 


43,521 


33.645 
45.927 

503.476 

90.677 

11.316.655 

529.817 


845,921 


$184,484,230 


$12,563,718 
4,849,546 


243 

179 

753,139 

98,011 

15,415,973 

722,992 

$17,886,458 
10,389,013 


$70,376,227      $111,536.539 


were  expended  by  the  minU  of  the  TnTn.!.!     ^^^™*""°*'  »6«.463,163  and  1931,879 


The  f  oUowing  is  the  official  list  of  stores  and  their  value  consumed  by 
1916  and  1917 


the  mines  during 


Articles 


1916 


1917 


Articles 


B»«9 

Beltinp  . . .  • 

Boiler  fluid 

Bricks 

Brush  ware 

Candles 

Carbide 

Castings: 

Brass 

Iron 

Cement: 

In  casks 

In  bags 

Charcoal • •• 

Chemicals,  assay  and  smelt- 
ing requisites    •  •  •  •  •  i;/  • ; 
Cloth    (brattice   and   filter) 

and  matting • 

Coal  cutting  machines  and 

parts  of 

Coal: 

Smithy 

Steam 

Duff 

Other 

Compressed  air  (purchased). 

Cyanide ;    '    •/  i 

Disinfectants    and    hospital 

requisites 

Electrical     machinery     and 

parts  of •    •■ 

Electric    power    and    lignt 

(purchased) ,:    •  >i,-  • 

Foodstuffs  and  supplies  (tor 

colored  laborers) 

Sundry      food     including 
bread 

Vegetables 

Clothing 

Medicines,  etc 

Foundry  requisites 

Hand  tools  (picks,  shovels, 

hammers,  etc.) 

Hose  fittings . .  ■ 

Hosing,  Bteam,  suction,  and 

rock-drill 

Iron: 

Bar  and  angle 

Galvanized 

Pig 

Ironmongery: 

Bolts,  nuts,  washers  and 
rivets 

Screws,  nails,  etc . . .  • 

Locks,     hinges,     staples, 
chains,  etc 

Other 

Lamps,  and  parts  of . . . 
Lead: 

Pig 

Sheet 

Lime: 

White 

i5iue ••••••••. 

Lubricants: 

Oils 

Grease  and  tallows 

Explosives: 

Blasting  gelatin 

Geignite  and  gelatin  dy 
namite 

Dynamite  and  ligdyn  .  .  . 


$97,350 

715,059 

45.137 

99,813 

66,312 

1,465.133 

454,478 

188,232 
447.455 

6,176 

264,223 

79,039 

681.198 

98.493 

64,029 

123,046 

4,617,373 

358,987 

186,677 

36,579 

1,688,983 

2.428,350 

142,034 

1,529,268 

6,033,468 


1,139,409 

297,368! 

126,495| 

132,662 

5,256 

621,353 
•     121,449 

360,949 

375,887 
97,798 
11,096 
13,339 


$154,555 

694,532 

39,959 

194,723 

74,818 

1,858,419 

441,406 

208,023 
609.894 

4.025 

399,165 

59,605 

696,065 

132,870 

110,202 

132,135 
6,223,000 

449,081 

236,906! 

743,217 
1,614,744 
2,020,342 


168,687 
1,799,639 
6,696,732 


1,127.505 

332.387 

39,876 

143,537 

94,381 

625.063 
140,462 

351,249 

358,914 

173,408 

16,373 

13.334 


310.675 
132,968 

83,320 

1,348 

87.676 

9,620 
3.452 

696,974 

8,648 

607,952 
383,719 

1,838.234 

4,619,616 
230,133 


Other  explosives 

Detonators 

Electric      detonators      or 

fuses 

Safety  fuse •    . 

Lighting     torches     (tyisa 

sticks) :  •  • 

Fencing  and  wire  netting 
Fodder  (bran,  chaff,  mealies, 
forage,  etc.)       .       ••••:,•■ 
Foodstuffs  and  supplies  (for 
colored  laborers) : 

Beans 

Dholl 

Rice 

I     Meal ;•;••; 

Malt  and  cereals  for  beer. 

Meat 

Fish 

Salt ..■■ 

Groceries:    Coffee,    sugar 
oil,  ghee,  molasses,  etc 
Machine  parts,   other  than 

Machinery  and  machine  tools 

Mercury 

Metals,  antifriction 

Mill  screenings ;  •  • 

Motor  cars  and  accessories. 
Oils,  other  than  lubricating: 
Transformer 

Other ,"  \" 

Oilskin  suits  and  gum  boots. 

Packing ; 

Paints,  tar,  driers,  etc 

FaraflBn 

Petrol ••: 

Pipes  and  pipe  fittings 

Rails,  crossings,  sleepers,  etc 
Rock  drills,  and  parts  of. 
Ropes: 

Wire 

Vegetable  fibre 

Screening 

Shoes  and  dies ...  . . 

Skips,    cages,    kibbles,    and 

parts 

Soap 

Soda,  crude ■  • .- 

Stationery  and  printing .... 
Steel: 

Bar,  tool,  cast,  etc 

Sheet 

Hand  drills 

Rock  drills 

Other 

Timber:  . 

Buildingmatenal(cemng8, 

floorings,  doors,  etc.) . . 

Deals 

Oregon  pitch  pine,  etc . . 

Mining  poles  and  logging 

Other 

Tube-mill  requisites: 

Liners 

Pebbles  and  flint 

Other  requisites 

Trucks,  and  parts  of 

W^aste 

Water  (purchased) 

1,047,266   Wood  fuel.  .••;•• 
Zinc  and  »inc  disks 
5,543,571    All  other  articles 
697,219" 


402,727 
153,777 

77,626 
62,476 
96,658 

14,828 
6,270 

662,621 
19,344 

702,985 
519,913 


1916 


1917 


$52,383i 
365,362 

18,191 
994,226 

78,964 
19,223 

154.512 


206,785 

■  •••••••• 

81,592 

1,832,861 

145,888 

2.335,025 

25,649 

12,220 

203,396 

1,233,414 

2,784.359 

209.922 

102.772 

134,476 

67.143 


11,768 
9,802 
48,564 
197,162i 
105,199 
121,9451 
88.590! 
2.037.083 
1.315.571 
1,247,791 


739,2991 
65,640 
30,567 

907,276 

73,372 

55,824 

115,774 

355,274 

137,897 
620,572; 
404,421 
616,722| 
42,475 


$47,609 
471,470 

66,64 
1,098,00 

74,297 
31,204 

293,752 


168,756 

8,940 

181,005 

2,464.157 

167.709 

2,467,870 

20,580 

14.838 

289,430 

1,435,649 

3,602,682 

232.692 

137,683 

■  llMfi 

14.935 

53.098 

89.193 

225.173 

137.046 

164.381 

139.717 

2.247.204 

1.537.517 

1.712.459 

1,073,042 

79,533 

275,103 

975.402 

103,807 
58.403 
94.634 

436.583 

161.996 
639,315 
306,774 
936.315 

78,881 


121,862 

530,6391 

1,334,307 

2,105,127 

7.772: 

267,741 

803 

64,486 

618,503 

59,642; 

851,216; 

23,721 

l,840,70q 

936,722 


164,695 

514,124 

1,567,903 

2,160.449 

614,313 

321,019 

2,973 

74,915 

697,262 

71,500 

825,102 

73,722 

1,513.559 

1.131,047 


Total |$fi2.900.359  $72.624.069 


I 


'   f 


fl 


540 


Agriculture: 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Production  and  Industry 


Provinces 


Maiie 


Kaffib  Corn 


Acres 


Bags* 


Acres 


Cape  Province ... 

Natal 1,727.864 

Orange  Free  State! 1.803,745 

Transvaal 


Bags* 


Total. 


1.788,294 
3.310.613 


8,632,516 


Note:  *Bag8  of  200  pounds  each. 


242,327 
231.667 
905.502 
892.113 

2,271,609 


299,422 
594.132 
191.414 
462,758 

1,547.726 


19.333 

8.108 

85.485 

52,485 

165.411 


^^^^  Acreage  and  production  of  principal  other  cereal  crops  according  to  lat«,t  statistics 


Provinces 


Wheat 


Oats 


Barley 


Cape  Province .  .    . 

Natal *<^*"es 

Orange  Free  State ." ." *"®^ 

Transvaal.  ^^^^^ 

acres 

Total 


Rye 


Total 


485.018 

2.327 

236,682 

73.072 


797,099 


500,038 

16.629 

184.502 

102492 


803.361 


90.304 
2.583 
8,910 
5.949 


107.746 


90.503 
866 

15.445 
666 


107.480 


1,165,863 

22,406 

445,539 

180,879 


1.814,687 


Provinces 


Wheat 
Bags  of 

200 
Pounds 


Oats 
Bags  of 

150 
Pounds 


Oat  Hay 

Tons  of 

2.000 

Pounds 


Cape  Province . .  i  ' 


Barley 
Bags  of 

160 
Pounds 


Natal.... I     ''^i'^ 

Orange  Free  State."  ..'.'.*.' '  ^ 

Transvaal ... 


Barley 

Cut 
Green 
Tons 


Total. 


265,487 
232.591 


1,810,315 


1.228,927 

43.639 

155.067 

633.289 

2.060.922 


147.325 

4.892 

54.081 

46,803 


253,101 


Rye 
Bags  of 

200 
Pounds 


373,509 

2.807 

12.381 

18,939 


407,636 


25,248 
2,086 

11,180 
5,625 


44,139 


169,287 

828 

1,270 

31,318 


202.703 


.ugar'"^thr:r:.^rc:;rsrn'  mr'rr/^^-'^-Ar''""  ^-  "^ 

bearing  and  2,,'kTnon'^Z:Z'^:^ ^  'TatUe!bLw°"V.°^  which  1.166,387 
tanning  extract  is  grown  on  250,(i)0  ac^n  NaS.'    ^"^^^'^^  f°'  ""«  ■"'^"factore  of 

1.90oSttIStS7S:fa''to\r^^  T''  T-"™"'^ '  W  ^^^ 

wooled;  a  total  of  11,762,929  goaL  of  whfch  1 2^^       f "'  °'  "^^^  ^''^'''^'  ""^ 
kinds;  746,736  ostrich.,'  71^,l,1::Z"tmlf:  27 S^^' ''''•"**  °^  °''" 


UNION  OF  SOUTH  AFRICA 


541 


fisheries:  companies  in  Durban,  operating  eighteen  boata 

tio  «6  tndTpW  d  596  persons.    In  May,  1917,  only  one  company  was  o^« 
tT^h  InLg.  siun«  and  the  coUecting  of  penguin^  and  guano  are  other  mdustnes. 

"'"^i  .1   f  97  «M  135  tons  of  gold  was  miUed  in  the  Union  in  1917,  having  a  total  value 

valued  at  $1,394,  were  produced  in  Cape  Province. 

Output  of  gold  at  Transvaal  mines  during  the  first  six  months  of  1919  amounted  to 
4 147  rSounL  valued  at  $85,620,520.  ThU  compares  with  4,256,334  ounces  m  the  same 
^^i  1918     The  foUowing  table  shows  the  monthly  figure  for  the  last  four  years,  u. 

fine  ounces: 


January 

February. . . 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September . , 
October ... 
November. 
December . 

Totals . 


676,059 
636,72S 
712.379 
694,944 
724,995 
702,379 


4,147.484 


714,182 

659,759 

696,281 

717,099 

741.317 

727,696 

736.199 

740,210 

708,206 

679,764 

658.701 

641,245 


8,420,659 


782,634 

721,321 

787.094 

742,778 

779,385 

759,724 

757,839 

756,658 

738,231 

751,290 

722,839 

722,419 


9,022,212 


787,467 

753.594 

796,689 

754.672 

777,681 

761.764 

761.087 

781.150 

771,567 

792.339 

783,066 

774.462 


9,295.538 


Value  of  the  output  of  gold  at  Transvaal  mines  by  months  from  January,  1916,  to 
the  present  time : 


January 

February .... 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September.. . 

October 

November . . . 
December. . . 

Totals .  . 


$13,856,549 
13,144,574 
14,716,321 
14,346,408 
14.966,773 
14,509,882 


$14,743,553 

13,620,038 

14,373,904 

14,803,778 

15,303,726 

15,198,065 

16,022,542 

15,280,865 

14,620,177 

14,433.051 

13.598,197 

13,237,842 


$85,540,507        $174,325,738 


$16,156,671 
14,890,923 
16,148,744 
15,331,488 
16,089,603 
15,683,710 
15,644,796 
15,620.423 
15,248,062 
15,509.615 
14,922.270 
14,917.605 


$186,163,910 


$16,256,447 
15,557.166 
16,446.826 
15,579,424 
16,054.412 
15,725,841 
15.711.850 
16,126,043 
15.928.202 
16,357.020 
16.165.589 
15.987.966 

$191,896,786 


i^tiii 


I 


542 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Value  of  the  gold  output  of  the  Transvaal  for  three  previous  yeare: 


Month 


January. . . 
February., 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September. , 
October. . . . 
November. . 
December. . 


Totals . 


$16,317,939 
16,175,460 
16,341,950 
16,226,653 
16,419,561 
15.443.264 
13.547,932 
15,050.887 
14.597.972 
14.851.103 
13.922,025 
13.908,155 

$181,802,901 


$13,472,759 
12,945.795 
14,197,264 
14.136,813 
14,888,278 
14.840.674 
15.141,618 
14.716,476 
14,514,969 
15.167,683 
14.797.455 
14,369.582 

$173,189,366 


»14,779.843 
13.978.564 
15,585,034 
15.381.308 
15.783.748 
15.612.822 
15.924,444 
16.098.260 
16.056,642 
16,488.296 
16,144,779 
16.146.799 

$187,980,539 

in  1917,  of  which  6.M1,229  tons,  v^ld  at^  7^261  1     '  T  ^^^"^  '"  **"'  ^'^'"' 
tons  valued  at  «9S  oi  7  „  j  vaiuea  at  »/,708,261,  were  produced  m  Transvaal:  8  300 

were^dulrSSt-^^^^^^^ 

tons,  va.u;d  ai  ,n,8Vwrpl'u^r^^^^^^  Evince,  and  22.784 

15,443.  *  *'^*'  '™*'  **''^'  '"'"-  ^'J'-ed  "t  $1,438,472;  fiint,  valued  at 

Manufacturing: 

and  Slnfe!:^':""  "  ""'  ''"°°  ^  ^"^  '='-'  "^  -"-t'^.  -«>  Pe—  -Ployod 


Industry 


^'     ^TurS:°'  ""'  '^*^"'^'  *^«  P'^"<^*  of  agricultural  and  pastorall 

Boilinir  rintim    «<>11»_.  _-c_? .  . 


Factories       Employees 


Capital 


pursuits: 
Boiling  down,  tallow  refining  and  bone  milling 
*ell  mongenng  and  wool  scouring  ^" 

Chaff  cutting  and  corn  crushing. . '.'.'/. 

Other  industries.  


Total. 


$73,721 
479,363 
456.533 
396.167 

$1,405,784 


Continued  on  page  543 


UNION  OF  SOUTH  AFRICA 


543 


fable  Continued: 


n  Processes  in  stone  clay,  earthenware  and  glass 

Bricks,  tiles,  earthenware  and  pottery 

Glass,  ornamental 

Lime  works ,••.•••  j*  *  *  • 

Marble.8tone  and  slate  dressing 

Cement  factories,  etc 

Salt  pans,  salt  works 

Other  industries 

Total 


TTT  Working  in  wood:  . 

Brushes;  brooms,  baskets,  wickerware.  . 
Carpentry  and  jmnery . ..... ....  •••;•• 

Cooperage,  packing  case  and  box  works. 

Saw  mills 

Other  industries 


IV, 


Total. 


Metal,  engineering,  machinery  and  cutlery  works: 

Brass  and  copper,  cutlery .....  •••••• 

Engineering,  foundries,  blacksmithing 

Galvaniied  iron  works  and  plumbing 

Wire  working 

Other  industries 


Total 

Preparation,   treatment    and  preserving  of  food,  drink,  condiments 

and  tobacco:        ^  

Bacon  and  ham  curing. 

Butter  and  cheese  making "      ' 

Fish  preserving • .- * 

Cold  storage,  sausage  makmg 

Bread  and  biscuit  making 

Confectionery '  . " 

Flour  and  grain  mills ■ 

Fruit  preserving  and  J.^^.J^^^^^^^^.-Vila  ■gauce  and  n)ii«  making 
Coffee  roasting  and  grinding,  tea.  pickles,  sauce  auu  op  

Sugar  mills  and  refineries 

Aerated  water  lactones    " ' 

Breweries  and  malt  works 

Distilleries i  '  \"  ' 

Tobacco,  cigar  and  cigarette  factories 

Other  industries 


VI 


Total. 


Production  of  clothing..  textUe  fabrics,  etc.: 

Dressmaking  and  millinery 

Hats  and  caps,  shirts  and  ties 

Tailoring 

Other  clothing^  .^.^.^^.  .^^  ^  •  .^^^;  --  -^-  Wnci  Iwine . 


Bags  and  sacL. 
Tarpaulins,  tents  and  sails. 
Other  textile  industries . 


Total. 


VII.  Books,  paper,  printing  and  engraving: 

Printing  and  binding . •. 

Photo  engraving  and  lithograpning 

Paper  bags  and  cardboard  boxes 

Otner  industries 


Total. 


14 
36 
62 
65 

241 
36 

667 
12 
49 
32 

164 
21 
32 
67 
22 


109 

23.296 

2,178 

157 

239 


1,570 


163 

10 

352 

27 

9 

26 

7 


25,979 


221 
936 
1.582 
738 
3.291 
1,527 
4.225 
1,009 
2.109 
8,497 
1.484 
1,917 
487 
2,241 
372 


3.106.453 
160.812 

1.164.815 
464,766 

3,658.297 

1.381,542 
111.080 

$10,047,766 


226.519 

447.329 

659.448 

3.933.300 

86.185 


$5,352,781 


160.438 

21.383.290 

1,680,243 

194,866 

217.927 

$23,636,764 


$751,460 

2.241.276 
870.994 
3,291.143 
4.105.081 
1.704,149 

16,287.371 
1.272.629 
1.525,306 

16.762.514 
1.961.282 

22,137.212 

3.001.006 

6.718.823 

939.151 


594 


248 
10 
12 
13 


30,636 


1.459 
155 

3.561 
377 
205 
384 
166 


$83,569,697 


284,868 
68,078 
2.610.568 
375.648 
149.833 
395.214 
193,389 


283 


6,307 


5,386 

56 

289 

90 


5,821 


$4,277,098 


8.815.389 
118,117 
242,353 
110,079 


$9,285,938 


Continued  on  page  544 


i 
I    i 

f 


I. 

.  r 
*, 

aj 

'i 


544 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Table  Continued: 


Vlll^Vehicles  (mechanically  propelled  and  other^-iee): 


Coach  and  wagon  building 
^ycle  and  motor  repairing 
Spokes,  wheels,  yokes,  tires,"  etc 


Total. 


IX.  Ship  and  boat  building  and  repairing 

*^        * 

X.  Furniture,  bedding  and  upholstery: 

Chair  fact  ones ' 

Furniture,  cabinet  making  and  uphoirte^ 

Mattress  factories. , .  "»»tcry 

Picture  frames 

Other  industries. . .     



Total 


XI. 


Dru^,  chemicals,  pamts,  varnishes,  etc. 

Chemicals,  drugs,  perfumes 

^.xplomves  and  matches. . .  

Fertilizers 

Oil  and  grease 

Paints  and  varnishes  ..■.".'.' 

Soaps  and  candles. .  

Other  industries ..:::: 


Total. 


^^cSiSs.'^?**^  *°**  °*^"  '^'•^^^fi*'  instruments: 


Surgical,  dental  instruments,  etc! 
Total. 


^"  nofJ!S['  *i™ep5ece8  and  plated  ware: 
^m  and  Sliver  smiths  . 
Other  industries  (including  e'l^ro  piatiig) 


Total. 


XIV  Heat,  light  and  power: 

Gm  worfe*^*  "^^  P^''*'  ^**^°^ 

Other  indusiriW  (inclGdi^g  eiectriciU'en^nWring) 
Total 


XV.  Leather  and  leather  ware: 

Tanmng  factories 

rJoots  and  shoes 

Harness  and  saddlery. ... . 
Portmanteaux  and  bags. .  \ 


360 

215 
5 


480 


11 


5 

109 

20 

11 

10 


2,972 

1.548 

46 


161 


35 
5 

15 
5 
7 

16 

10 


4.566 
145 


90 

1.986 

206 

82 

77 


«2,924.412 

1.605.666 

43,317 


•4.573,385 


S21 5.808 


15,109 

1.959,367 

131,599 

137,756 

111,760 


93 


11 
6 


2,441 


521 

4.788 
582 
126 
105 

1,986 
331 


8.439 


33 
43 


$2,355,591 


748.892 

17.045,439 

1,058.056 

1,545,849 

178,143 

11,059.168 

788,763 


17 


31 
15 


•32.424.310 


55.559 
16.281 


46 


81 

7 
58 


76 


178 
92 


•71.840 


153.717 
72,968 


Total. 


XVI.  House  building: 

Building  and  contracting. 

^VII  Other  industries: 
Miscellaneous. 


146 


23 

104 

69 

6 


270 


3,844 
213 
852 


Grand  Total, 


202 


440 


35 


4,909 


920 

2,388 

986 

111 


•226,685 


59,239,823 

2,870.209 

886,814 


5,305 


4,405 

12.822 

1,196 


•62.996,846 


2,223,887 

1,842,921 

908,387 

61,377 


•5,036,572 


123.842 


2,906,007 


•248.382.871 


VNION  OF  SOUTH  AFRICA 


545 


5^ 
1 


o 


«^5i   -ja 


t  s.S  ^  S  •? 


u 

V 


QQ 


M£S«6 


546 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


UNION  OF  SOUTH  AFRICA 


547 


Language:  English  and  Dutch  are  used. 

Local  Advertising  Media: 

There  are  about  two  English  daUy  papers  in  each  of  the  more  important  cities  and 
there  are  likewise  commercial  reviews,  trade  papers  and  one  general  magazine  of  importance 
There  are  several  important  pubUcations  in  the  Dutch  language.  Posters  and  electric 
display  signs,  as  well  as  posters  in  railway  stations  and  tram  cars  are  extensively  employed 
as  media. 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures: 

The  coins  and  standard  weights  and  measures  are  those  of  Great  Britain.  The  fol- 
lowing  old  Dutch  measures  continue  in  use; 

Bulk  measure: 

1  leaguer  -  152      Dutch  gallons  -  126J^  English  gallons 

1  pipe        -  110  "  .    91  li  '• 

1  aum        —    38  •*  «    3ii^ 

1  anker     ■■      9H  "  ■■      7^  " 

1  "  -  .7895 

Dry  Measure: 

1  muid  -  3  bushels  «  24  gallons,  —  96  quarts. 

1  "bag"  (Indian  corn)  "mealies,"  weighs  200  lbs.  net  or  203  lbs.  gross. 

Lineal  Measure: 

1,000  Cape  feet  -       1,033  Englbh  feet. 
_„12  •*         -  1  Cape  rood  -  12.396  English  feet. 

6111.3  -425.944  "         .  1  English  mile. 

Square  Measure: 

144  sq.  Cape  feet  -     1  sq.  Cape  rood 

?02?Rr.n«Lr.       "^^  .         -  ^  ^"^  °»°^«««  -  2  "654  acres. 

60£.3o  Cape  morgens  ■•     1  square  mile. 

Shipping  Routes: 
Houston  Line. 

American  and  African  Steamship  Line. 
American  and  Indian  Line. 
Union-Clan  Line. 
Prince  Line. 

Customs  Tariff: 

Duty  is  levied  upon  the  home  consumption  value  in  the  country  of  origin  at  the  date 
of  shipment. 

Duty  on  catalogues,  price  Hsts,  ahnanacs,  calendars,  labels,  posters  and  show  cards 
IS  4  cents  per  pound,  or  25  per  cent,  ad  valorem.  When  sent  by  post  the  duty  may  be 
prepaid  by  stamps  affixed  to  the  letter  or  parcel.  The  fees  on  catalogues  of  foreign  firms  are 
as  follows : 

Up  to  8  ounces y^^^ 

Over    8  ounces  and  up  to  16  ounces j q  04     (2d  ) 

"  ^4    »     .'.'     ?j  ::  .■:::::::::::$o.o6  (sd.) 

"^^  33  $0.08     (4d.) 

Consular  Regulations: 

No  consular  documents  are  required,  and  there  are  no  restrictions  imposed  as  to  marks 
weights,  etc.  Because  of  the  anti-dumping  clause  of  the  South  African  Tariff,  a  certificate 
is  required  to  accompany  all  shipments.  If  prices  are  made  F.  O.  B.  New  York,  a  memo- 
randum should  be  inserted  at  the  bottom  of  the  commercial  invoice  showing  the  expenses 
in  detail  from  factory  to  F.  O.  B.  New  York.  Also  a  memorandum  should  be  inserted 
showmg  costs  of  boxmg  and  crating.     Declaration  on  the  certificate  must  show  that  the 


^ues  in  the  invoice  are  those  of  the  open  market  if  the  g^  were  soW  there  for  home 

rfj^ption  and  the  discounts  are  the  same  as  those  granted  m  the  Umted  States.  Should 

!^^t  be  thTcase  any  differences  must  be  shown  in  paraJlel  columns.    This  certificate 

:^t  be  ^^^  a^tke  fig^  authenticated  by  the  principal  director,  manager  or  secretary 

of  the  firm  or  company  making  it. 

Postal  Rates:  Postal  Union  rates. 

Mail  Time:  Cape  Town  via  London,  twenty-five  days. 

Parcel  Post:  a  t»  '4.  • 

Service  extends  to  South  Africa  with  same  conditions  as  given  for  Great  Bntam. 

parcels  can  not  be  registered. 

Money  Orders:  Issued. 

International  Reply  Coupons:  Issued. 


V 


548 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


EAST  AFRICA 


549 


BRITISH  AFRICA 

(EAST) 

BRITISH  EAST  AFRICAN  PROTECTORATE 

British  East  Africa  is  bounded  on  the  east  by  the  Indian  Ocean,  on  the  northeast  by 
Italian  Somaliland,  on  the  north  by  Abyssinia,  on  the  west  by  the  Uganda  Protectorate 
and  on  the  south  by  the  former  German  colony  of  East  Africa.    Area  246,822  square  miles' 

Population,  white,  5,650;  native,  2,848,700;  Asiatic,  14,000.  The  principal  towns 
are  Mombasa  (population  about  30,000,  of  whom  150  are  Europeans);  Nairobi,  the  capital 
(population  about  14,000,  of  whom  about  800  are  Europeans  and  3,000  natives). 

United  States  statistics  of  foreign  commerce  include  in  statistics  of  trade  with  British 
East  Africa  trade  with  the  Protectorate,  Uganda  Protectorate,  Somaliland,  Sokotra 
Mauritius  and  the  Seychelles.  During  the  calendar  year  1919  the  value  of  the  direct  trade 
was:    Exports,  $1,872,393;  imports,  $839,040. 

Imports  and  exports  for  five  years: 


Year 


Imports 


Exports 


1913-14 
1914-15 
1915-16 
1916-17 
1917-18 


$10,438,973 

7,140,360 

8,302.498 

14,697,237 

13,665,049 


$7,206,777 
4,883,30S 
7.140.360 
7,843.32.-) 
8.465.823 


Principal  imports,  1917-18,  were:  Cotton  piece  goods,  $4,619,954;  grain  and  flour, 
$1,085,895;  provisions,  $700,092;  sugar,  $632,446;  vehicles  and  parts,  $304,002;  machinery 
and  parts,  $320,492;  building  materials,  $171,123;  tobacco,  cigars  and  cigarettes,  $436,194; 
spirits,  wines  and  beer,  $473,788;  oil  and  petroleum,  $206,355;  wearing  apparel,  $257,176; 
soap,  $221,975;  bags  and  sacks,  $216,355;  hardware,  $149,002;  agricultural  implements,' 
$154,922;  iron  and  steel,  $139,462;  cotton  manufactures,  other  than  piece  goods,  $209,213; 
leather  and  manufactures  of  leather,  $149,289. 

Of  imports,  $6,092,957  were  from  the  United  Kingdom,  $4,080,742  were  from  British 
possessions,  $917,436  from  the  United  States,  and  $444,923  from  the  highlands. 

Principal  exports:  Hides  and  skins,  $1,215,398;  grain  and  oil  seeds,  $191,736;  fibers, 
$1,107,304;  ivory,  $218,053;  copra,  $91,874;  coffee,  including  that  from  the  Uganda  Pro- 
tectorate, $863,291.  Of  these  exports,  $5,169,810  worth  were  sent  to  the  United  Kingdom, 
$2,765,524  to  British  possessions,  $69,570  to  France,  and  $178,493  to  Italy. 

The  agricultural  products  in  the  lowlands  are  tropical  and  include  rubber,  cotton, 
sisal,  rice,  and  cocoanuts.  In  the  highlands  the  principal  crops  are  of  the  temperate  zone, 
such  as  wheat,  corn,  barley,  potatoes,  beans,  peas,  etc.  Coffee  and  wattle  are  grown  and 
ostrich,  sheep  farming,  and  dairying  are  important  industries.  The  forest  areas  of  the 
highlands  produce  many  valuable  woods.  Graphite,  marble,  limestone  and  manganese 
are  mined,  and  there  are  carbonate  of  soda  deposits  at  Lake  Magadi. 

The  total  railway  mileage  is  807  miles.  There  are  steamers  of  1,200  tons  on  Lake 
Victoria.    There  are  3,161  miles  of  telegraph  wire. 

Goods  can  be  sent  to  the  British  East  African  Protectorate  by  parcel  f)ost  at  the 
12  cent  rate  plus  a  transit  charge  of  36  cents  for  parcels  up  to  three  pounds,  72  cents  for 
seven  pounds  and  $1.08  for  eleven  pounds. 


EAST  AFRICA 

(Fonneriy  German  East  Africa  Protectorate) 
This  territory  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  British  East  Africa,  on  the  west  by  the 
,         rnnTn  Rh^^ia  and  Nyasaland,  on  the  south  by  Portuguese  East  Africa,  on  the 
S;  thfln^n^^^^^^^^  a'coast  lin'e  of  about  450  miles.    Area,  384,180  s.uare  miles. 

1  *•  «    iQi-^   f>  ^-^fi  white  and  about  7,500,500  natives. 
'-'t^    ^L'St"^^^^  traie  until  1920  i^^f  ^d  tr^^^^^^ 

in  trad^  with  German  Africa.    Exports  to  German  Africa  m  the  calendar  year  1919  ^ere 
valued  at  $462,349;  imports  at  $89,274. 
Imports  and  exports  for  four  years: 


Year 


Imports 


Exports 


Year 


Imports 


Exports 


1911. 
1912 


$11,151,668 
12,225.125 


$5,452,375 
7.634.666 


1913.... 
1917-18. 


$13,066,115 
5,392,296 


$8,638,902 
2,889.984 


Principal  imports  for  1913: 


Articlea 


Value 


Articles 


Value 


Cotton  gooda .... 
Railway  materials 
Rice 


$3,614,724 

1,113.025 

884,097 


Machinery 

Flour 

Cement .  .  . 


$492,160 
237,814 
257,140 


Principal  exports  for  the  same  year: 


Articles 


Value 


Coffee 

Copra 

Groundnuts 

Simsim 

Cotton 

Siaal ' 

Timber 

Rubber: 

Plantation. .  . 
WUd 

Ivory _.  •  . 

Hides  and  skins . 

W  ftX ••••• •< 

Micft ' 


•    •    •    ■    ' 


•     •     • 


$225,990 

.570.564 

466,074 

99.144 

586.602 

2,603.502 

99,144 

1,496.880 

973,458 

55,890 

1.334.070 
343.602 
116.640 


Z"  ::d  ^l^'^rXt  n^sr^d  43.600  c'aU.e.  and  41.650  sheep  and  «oat3  owned 

'"^  ti!^  are  1,000  mUes  of  raUway  in  the  protectorate,  fifty  post  offic^.  thirty-five 
telegraph  offices,  and  three  wireless  stations.    The  roads  m  general  are  good. 

There  are  eovemment  owned  river  and  coast  steamers  and  steamers  ""i^^,  Vf'"*; 
Ugan^N^l  aid  Tanganyika.    Trade  is  chiefly  with  Zanzibar.  B„t«h  East  Afnca.  and 

'"■^Principal  towns  ar«  Tanga.  Dar^alaam,  Bagamoyo,  f -- "f^^^^^^^^^^arS 
the  coast;  Mwanza,  Bukoba,  Shirati  on  Lake  Victona;  Usumbura,  Kigoma  and  Bismarck 
on  Lake  Tanganyika,  and  Langenburg  on  Lake  Nyasa. 


{ 


550 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


MA  URITIUS— SEYCHELLES 


551 


i' 


ll< 


MAURITIUS 

Mauritius,  an  English  possession  situated  in  the  Indian  Ocean  to  the  east  of  Mada 
gascar,  had  in  1911  a  total  population  of  377,083.  Its  capital,  Port  Louis,  has  a  popula! 
tion  of  50,060.  The  chief  exports  from  Mauritius  are  sugar,  aloe  fibre  and  cocoanut  oil^ 
imports;  unrefined  sugar,  hemp,  cotton  goods,  coal,  machinery,  iron  and  steel  man^ 
factures,  fertilizers  and  soap.  In  1917,  imports  were  valued  at  $12,662,540  and  exports 
at  $20,063,931.  The  sugar  crop  for  1919  is  estimated  at  275,000  tons.  The  total  length 
of  the  railways  is  119^  miles.  There  are  621  miles  of  telegraph  and  139  miles  of  tele- 
phone lines.  There  is  cable  communication  with  Zanzibar,  Australia,  Reunion  and 
Madagascar.  Goods  can  be  sent  to  Mauritius  by  parcel  post  via  England  at  the  regular 
12  cent  rate  plus  a  transit  charge.  For  trade  of  the  United  States  with  Mauritius,  see  page 
o4o.  - — 

SEYCHELLES 

A  group  of  about  ninety  islands  in  the  Indian  Ocean  about  935  miles  north  of  Mauritius, 
with  a  total  area  of  156  square  miles  and  a  total  population  of  26,000.  Principal  island 
Mah^,  with  an  area  of  553^  square  miles.  ' 

Principal  products  are:  Cocoanuts,  grown  on  about  13,000  acres,  wliicb  produced 
over  20,000,000  cocoanuts  in  1917;  vanilla.  Para  rubber,  mangrove  bark  and  phosphate 
deposits  are  other  sources  of  revenue.    In  1916  there  were  about  1,000  head  of  cattle. 

For  trade  of  the  United  States  with  the  Seychelles,  see  page  548. 

Imports  and  exports  bv  rlassification  of  goods: 


Articles 


Imports 


1916 


Quantity 


Value 


1917 


Quantity 


Value 


Bags,  jute No 

Beverages 

Breadstuffs: 

DhoU  and  Lentils Tons 

Flo»ir '.'.'.'.'.  iTons 

gr^m Tons 

Kice Tons 

Bullion  and  specie 

Coffee.  ...      ■.■.■.■.■.'.■.■.■.■.■.■.■.■.■.ton 

JJrugs  and  chemicals 

Earthenware  and  porcelain ... 

Ghee 

Grains . 


17.200 


Haberdashery 

Matches 

Metals,  manufactured: 

Copper 

Iron . 

Machinery 

Nails  and  screws 

Other 

Petroleum  and  other  mineral  oils . 

Provisions 

Soap. 


421 

245 

209 

2,485 


51 


$2,380 
19,395 

26,371 

14,024 

10,939 

108,940 


9,039 

5,598 

769 

7,264 


34,700 


103 

236 

34 

2.345 


.Tons 


Sugar 

Textile  manufactures: 

Clothing 

Cotton  goods 

Other '.'.'.'.['.'.'. 

Tobacco,  manufactured: 

Cigars  and  cigarettes pounds 

,,      Other 

Yarns 

All  other  articles 


302 


18,139 
1,743 

854 
4,524 
1,908 


50 


Total. 


1.208,328 


6.485 

5,283 

3,501 

11,555 

30,328 

8,101 

126,075 

2,826 

1.302 
1,421 

'  62.7i5 ' 


272 


$481,600 


835,993 


$5,390 
14,950 

5,780 

15,494 

1,189 

106,819 

14,827 

10,462 

5,838 

3,265 

2,332 

18,177 

9,849 

2,012 

3.957 
3.015 
3,663 
2,085 
6.906 
7,891 
972 
4.106 
23.936 

7.070 

48.013 

5.669 

1,259 

1.894 

3.264 

13.874 


$412,296 


Articles 


Exports 


1916 


Quantity 


Value 


1917 


Quantity 


Value 


Local  products:                                                        ..Tons 
Cinnamon  bark *,^^ 

Copra ::;;;:::!  ■.  Tons 

Guano 

Oito:              .  Gals. 

Cocoanut ^  , 

Essential '^*^*- 

Whale 

Other juJ 

Shells,  turtle.  .^. ;  ^ons 

Soap,  cocoanut-oil ,  , 

Vanilla ., ^"''' 

All  other  articles 


187 

2,370 

980 

14.591 
5.043 


Total. 
Re-exports. 


Grand  total . 


1,931 

103 

45.174 


$4,004 

271.132 

9.525 

9.143 
30.520 

6.804 
64 

5,256 
12.805 
53.158 

4.687 


1 

2.114 
2.020 

14.918 
4.905 


1.371 

28 
14.227 


$407,104 
134.702 


$541,806 


$14 

289.675 

19.692 

10.468 
23,451 


4.043 

4.213 

16,471 

7.954 


$51,983 
60.424 


$436,408 


The  principal  currency  of  the  island  is  the  Indian  rupee,  with  a  par  value  of  $0,324. 
Seychelles  is  best  reached  by  boat  from  Marseilles. 


SOKOTRA 

Sokotra,  an  island  off  the  coast  of  East  Africa,  is  a  British  protectorate;  area  1,382 
square  miles,  population  12,000.     The  chief  export  is  butter      The  P^ducts  are  dat^ 
and  various  gums,  cattle,  sheep  and  goats  are  raised.    For  trade  of  the  United  States  with 
Sokotra,  see  page  548. 


SOMALILAND  PROTECTORATE 

Area  about  68,000  square  miles.  Population  about  300,000,  principally  Mohammedan, 
and  with  the  exception  of  the  coast  district,  nomadic.  Principal  towns  Berbera  (population 
1911,  30,000);  Zeyla  (population,  1911,  7,000);  Bulbar  (population,  1911,  7,000). 

Principal  imports  are  rice,  textiles,  sugar,  and  dates.  Principal  exports :  skins  and  hides, 
resin,  gum,  cattle.  Imports,  1917-18,  $1,373,994;  exports,  $1,003,473.  The  monetary 
unit  is  the  rupee,  having  the  same  value  as  in  India.  Transportation  is  by  camel.  There 
are  four  wireless  stations  and  several  telegraph  stations.  For  trade  of  the  United  States 
with  the  Somaliland  Protectorate,  see  page  548. 


♦ 


552 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


UGANDA  PROTECTORATE 

l^e  protectorate  is  bounded  on  the  south  by  the  former  German  Hnlnnv  .„h  r   , 
Victona,  on  the  west  by  Lakes  Albert  Edward  and  Albert  Zbvt^^Sn^I^\»i' 

Is^rr^'       T""  "^^^    ^°*'^  population,  1918,  3,361,117,  of  whom  S70  are  wtoT 

Por  trade  of  the  United  States  with  the  Uganda  Protectorate,  see  page  548. 
Poreign  trade  for  four  years: 


Year 


Imports 


Exports 


Year 


Imports 


1913-14. 
1914-15. 


$3,668,104 
2,348.079 


$2,486,759 
1,230,420 


Exports 


1915-16. 
1916-17. 


$2,963,739 
4,611,629 


$14,403,771 
22.412.516 


Principal  imports  for  four  years: 


1913-14 


1914-15 


1915-16 


Agricultural  Implements. . 

Hardware 

Yams  and  Textile  Fabrics: 

Baf  ta 

Americani 

Other  kinds 

Bicycles 

Bags  and  sacks 

Provisions 

Blankets 


1916-17 


$65,143 
136.600 

201,816 
526.646 
657.402 
128,945 
107.410 
98,619 
175,742 


$36,673 
82,766 

80.228 
289.553 
331,170 
77,244 
69,979 
86,935 
86.988 


$16,169 
29,733 

84,797 

494,694 

603,621 

21,213 

65,916 

93,866 

104.251 


$86,046 
41,173 

157.881 
644.922 
950,831 
44,206 
119.502 
126.612 
170.206 


Principal  exports  for  four  years: 


1913-14 


1914-15 


1915-16 


1916-17 


Coffee 

Chilies 

Ground  nuts 

Sesame  (sim-sim) 

Rubber  (wild) 

"       (plantation) .  . 

Cotton 

Hides 

Skins  (goat  and  slieep) 

Ghee 7. 

Ivory 


$112,601 

40,955 

18.176 

60.784 

5.380 

14.259 

1.543,958 

257.220 

148.968 

60.784 

115.065 


$199,284 

28,358 

369 

23,153 

"  8,932' 
1,706,669 
266,896 
96.241 
59.603 
30.535 


$423,801 

81,891 

3,994 

106.851 

2,692 

21.204 

1.192.770 

313.372 

89.564 

58.310 

53.902 


$663,406 

134.814 

7.587 

103.605 

194 

34.899 

1.696.008 

257.689 

78.863 

88.986 

175,805 


In  1917  there  were  128  European  estates,  exclusive  of  Mission  olantatiorm  wJfh  « 
total  acreage  of  19,690  under  culUvation.  There  were  likewise  2,7S"lotrZer:aL 
cultivation  not  mcludmg  Rudol  Province  and  certain  districts  in  the  Northern  P^^^ 
for  which  figures  are  not  available.  .  »  ■»  » luvmce, 


UGANDA  PROTECTORATE 


653 


Principal  crops  are  coffee,  with  13,437  acres  under  European  cultivation  and  8,464 

mder  native;  sweet  potatoes,  279,087  acres;  cocoa  3,507  acres  under  European  cultivation; 

M.!,n  129  833  acres.    There  are  cotton  ginneries  at  Kisumu,  Kampala,  Jmja  and  other 

'?!!     oiher  crops  are  rubber,  5,706  acres  under  European,  and  3,335  acres  under  native 

culUvation;  bananas,  472,931  acres;  beans,  105,612  acres,  wheat,  and  maize. 

There  are  1,480  mUes  of  telegraph  with  twenty-two  offices,  and  telephone  systems  at 
Entebbe,  Kampala,  and  Jinja.  There  are  over  500  miles  of  motor  roads  in  the  protectorate. 
?toB^ga  I^ilroad  runs  from  Jinja  on  Lake  Victoria  to  Mamasagah  on  Lake  Kioga, 
,  dUtence  of  sixty-one  mUes.  Regular  steamship  service  is  maintained  on  Lakes  Victoria 
andToga  The  conditions  for  sending  goods  by  parcel  post  to  the  Uganda  are  the  same 
as  for  British  East  Africa. 


ZANZIBAR  PROTECTORATE 

The  Protectorate  of  Zanzibar  comprises  the  islands  of  Zanzibar,  with  an  area  of  640 
square  miles,  and  a  population  of  113,624;  and  Pemba  with  an  area  of  380  sQ-re  miles 
and  population  of  83,109.  It  is  administered  under  the  Government  of  Bntish  South  Africa^ 
The  p^eipal  town  is  Zanzibar,  population  35,000.  In  both  islands  there  are  about  200 
Europeans,  about  10,000  British  Indians  and  about  10,000  Arabs,  who  hold  the  larger 
commercial  interests. 

For  trade  of  the  United  States  with  Zanzibar,  see  page  548. 

Imports  and  exports  for  five  years,  including  bullion  and  specie:  


Years 


Imports 


Exports 


Year 


Imports 


Exports 


1913 
1914 
1915 


$5,362,271  $5,097,488 
3,710,148  3,960,666 
3,906,8421  3,844.337 


1916. 
1917. 


$6,122,725 
8,554,056 


$5,113,531 
8,985,129 


Distribution  of  trade  during  1916  and  1917: 


Countries 


From  or  to: 

United  Kingdom 

British  India  and  Burma 

British  East  Africa 

Netherlands 

France 

U.  8.  America 


$1,241,448 

2.474.884 

333.950 

242,645 

27,614 

228,526 


$2,234,423 

2,177,459 

989,622 

270,031 

61,751 

263,946 


$887,829 

1,088,508 

326,120 

'  523.3i5 
204,401 


$461,631 
1.483.043 
1,380,696 

72,938 
221,120 


1      i 


It 


1(1 


III   H 


J!  Jl 


554 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Value  of  chief  articles  of  import  and  export  during  1916  and  1917: 


Articles 


Imports 


1916 


1917 


Exports 


1916 


Bags  and  Kanda 

Coal 

Dried  fish 

Flour. 

Groceries  and  provisions. 

Ghee 

Hardware 

Livestock ' . 

Sugar 

Tobacco 

Cloves 

Copra 

Grain 

Ivory 

Petroleum 

Piece  goods ,][[ 

Rice 

Specie 


1917 


$64,059 

81,900 

40.177 

136.906 

327.034 

157,988 

78,911 

107.838 

222.145 

111.391 

'  215,492 

185.899 

61.080 

72.715 

1.918.295 

502,091 

648.178 


$68,773 

7.980 

57.100 

149.415 

508.297 

176.699 

97.175 

97,360 

337,964 

253.332 

'  48(S',83i 
221,066 
19.026 
211,011 
2.851.818 
620.121 
680.137 


$212,333 
33,670 


2.105.906 
750.938 

50.247 

33.475 

1.026,150 

129.839 

159,932 


$617,696 
46.607 


2,120,136 
1,456,313 

"  4(8.986 
138,043 
2,569,564 
155,432 
269.618 


TV. J  ^Ty^nt^^^^^  ""  *^^  ^'^""^^  °^  ^^^^^-  The  average  acreage  is  60,000 
mere  are  4,750,000  trees,  and  the  average  yearly  crop  is  14,000,000  pounds.  Cocoanuts 
are  grown  on  about  50,000  acres,  and  there  are  about  2,500,000  trees. 

Th.I^^'^'7^'^  T^^  manufactures  of  pottery,  coir  rope,  cocoanut  oil,  soap,  and  mats. 
vroZZll'^Thfn^^^^  l^'^j^''  "^  roads,  a  telephone  system,  and  a  light  railway  in  the 
protectorate.    The  British  Indian  rupee,  with  a  par  value  of  $0,324  United  States  currency 

to  35^1^^^     ''^  ^'^'''^''''    ^^^  ""^'^^^  "^^  ^  measuring  cloves  is  the  frasila  equal  to 

Goods  can  be  sent  by  parcel  post  to  Zanzibar  via  England  at  the  regular  12  cent 
rate  plus  transit  charges. 


BRITISH  WEST  AFRICA 


555 


BRITISH  AFRICA 

(WEST) 


BRITISH  WEST  AFRICA 

The  British  possessions  in  West  Africa  comprise  Ascension  Island,  the  Colony  and 
P^  Jctorft^  of  nT^^  the  Pmtectorate  and  Colony  of  Gambia,  the  Gold  Coast  Colony 
wHh  tl^ti  and  ^^^^  Territories,  and  the  Sierra  Leone  Colony  and  Protoctorate. 
^s  caTbe  sent  by  parcel  post  to  Ascension  Island,  Gambia,  Gold  Coast  and  Nigeria 
via  England  at  the  regular  12  cent  rate  plus  aU  extra  transit  charges. 

United  States  statistics  of  foreign  commerce  include  these  possessions  m  the  ^nerd 
elassfficaUon  of  trade  with  British  West  Africa.  Trade  of  the  United  States  with  British 
West  Africa  for  seven  years  (statistics  for  fiscal  years  ending  June  30): 


1913 


1914 


1915 


1916 


Exports  to. . . 
Imports  from . 


$3,311,370 
361,546 


$3,607,869 
633,111 


$2,924,575 
394,751 


$4,552,749 
6,439.412 


1917 


1918 


1919 


Calendar 
Year 
1919 


Exports  to. . . 
Imports  from. 


$6,994,977 
9.578.160 


$8,029,263 
16,761,226 


$9,120,488 
14.598,023 


$15,538,363 
26,503.744 


ASCENSION  ISLAND 

An  island  with  an  area  of  thirty-eight  square  miles,  located  in  the  South  Atlantic 
700  miles  northwest  of  St.  Helena,  population  about  200.  The  island  is  used  as  a  ^aUng 
and  cable  station  by  the  British  government  and  as  a  samtanum  for  naval  c^e^s  serving 
on  the  African  coast.  The  only  settlement  is  Georgetown.  Sea  turtle  is  the  only  important 
product  of  the  island.  For  trade  of  the  United  States  with  Ascension,  see  under  British 
West  Africa,  above. 

ASHANTI 

Population,  287,814.  Principal  town,  Coomassie,  with  a  population  of  approximately 
25.000.  The  principal  products  are  cocoa,  rubber,  mahogany  and  cedar,  ^ ruite  and  gums 
in  the  west,  and  com,  yams,  bananas,  cocoa  and  ground  nuts  m  the  east.    Gold  output  m 

1917  was  valued  at  $2,404,271. 

Commerce 

Principal  imports,  1917:  Cotton  manufactures,  $2,164,872;  coal,  $579,321'  spirits, 

$225,397;  tobacco,  $441,477.    Principal  exports:  Palm  kernels,  $4,094,588  (58,019  tons); 

kola  nuts,  $1,560,570,  palm  oil,  $303,142  (543,111  gallons).    For  trade  of  the  Umted  States 

with  Ashanti,  see  under  British  West  Africa,  above. 

GAMBIA 

A  colony  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  Gambia  with  an  area  of  four  square  mfl«  and  a 
population  of  8,000.  The  protectorate  has  an  area  of  4,500  square  miles  and  an  estimated 
population  of  200,000.  The  capital  and  chief  town  is  Bathurst.  For  trade  of  the  Umted 
States  with  Gambia,  see  under  British  West  Africa,  above. 


•^•i 


H 


ill 


556 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Commerce 
Imports  and  exports  of  Gambia  for  five  years,  including  specie: 


1913 


1914 


Imports. 
Exports. 


1915 


1916 


$5,302,886 
4,C54,528 


1917 


$3,343,714 
4.500,977 


$2,532,793 
2,905,573 


$4,299,032 
3,428,958 


$4,819,302 
5,086,009 


Chief  imports,  1917  specie,  $1,431,634;  empty  bags,  $97,097;  cottons,  piece  good, 
and  other  manufactures,  $1,273,320;  flour,  $40,338;  hardware,  $70,941;  kola  nuts,  $548  557^ 
provis.ons,  $44,746;  nee,  $295,196;  spiriU,  $33,451;  sugar,  $46,510;  tobacco  M9l9l' 
Sir  ""'"'  *^'^^''-"^-  ^^"^^  »286.501;  pahn  kernels,  $38,8M;  o^d,, 

There  is  a  fortnightly  steamship  service  between  Liverpool  and  Bathurst,  and  internal 
transportation  js  «irned  on  by  steamers  or  lamiches.  There  are  two  post  offices  and  cable 
connection  with  Sierra  Leone,  but  no  telegraphs  or  railways.  Currency  as  in  Nigeria. 
I  he  French  5-franc  piece  is  legal  tender  at  the  rate  of  3s.  10  J^. 


GOLD  COAST 

A  colony  which  extends  for  334  miles  along  the  Gulf  of  Guinea  between  the  French 
Ivory  Coast  and  Togoland.    The  area  of  the  Gold  Coast,  including  Ashanti  and  the  pro- 
tectorate, IS  estimated  at  80,000  square  miles,  and  has  a  population,  (1911)  of  1  503  .^R'i 
^  which  in  1915, 2,206  were  Europeans.  Chief  towns  are  aZ,  with  a  Sil  oHo'S 

?Xh%TLtp3""'"°°  °'  '•''''  ^^^ "°'"'  ^'""*  -^'^ "  ^•'"^«-  of  ";^5: 

Commerce 

r^.J^L*'"^^  °^  *''*  ^'^^  ^'^**'  '"'*''  "'^  ^"  <^"''  «««  '«'«'«>•  British  West  Africa, 
page  Ouo. 

Imports  and  exports  of  Gold  Coast  for  five  years,  including  bullion  and  specie: 


1913 


1914 


Imports  ®. , 
Exports®. 


$24,069,120 
26,375,735 


$53,748,864 
24,021,308 


1915 


1916 


1917 


$21,673,354 
28,886.046 


$29,158,780 
28,268.321 


$16,458,292 
30,933.535 


Note:   ©Including  bullion  and  specie. 

Chief  imports,  1917:  Specie,  $806,575;  cotton  goods,  $2,887,073;  machinery,  $487  122- 
prov.,ons,  $549,865;  coal,  $646,282;  apparel,  $475,239;  spirits,  $i,03^,759;  hardTar^sS 
889,  carnages  (motor  cars,  etc.),  $655,308;  building  materials,  $346,333.      Chief  export^ 
cocoa,  90,964  tons,  value,  $15,293,685;  gold  and  gold  dust,  $8,351,827;  specie    ^05T7M-' 

55t5,92L      ''''''''' '""'"'  ''''''''^  '^^^"^  '^^'^^^'  ^^'^^'  P^i-  oMl  W^ 

Unit2'L'Z''^/jT«t'  ^^l^"^  ^^""^"^"^  '"^  ^^^^  "'""^'^*^  ^  $10,864,233,  and  from  the 
Umted  Stat^,  $3,514,664.  The  exports  to  the  United  Kingdom  were  $17,441,390'  and  to 
the  Umted  States,  $4,885,291,  and  to  France,  $3,237  970  ^^i,^w,  and  to 


GOLD  COAST 


557 


Production  and  Industry 
The  principal  products  and  exports  are  palm  oU,  kola  nuts,  palm  kernels,  India  rubber 
o  ™  and  native  woods.  Rubber,  cocoa,  cocoanuts,  cotton  and  spices  are  bemg 
SS^h  gov  rnment  aid.  The  output  of  gold  in  1918  was  313  445  ounces,  valued  at 
.f  IS  Dried  6sh  forms  an  important  element  of  trade  with  the  mterior.  There 
f^2l7mie8  0?  railway,  approximately  330  mUes  of  main,  and  2,000  mil^  o  secondary 
ri  ?h^  are  fiftyight  telegraph  offices  with  2,600  miles  of  Une.  and  telephone  ex- 
changes  in  three  towns. 


KAMERUN 

The  colony  was  formerly  a  protectorate  of  the  German  Empire  aiid  U^  between 
BritW.  Nigeria  and  the  French  Congo,  extending  northeast  from  the  '^^  «°f  t"™» 
to  the  south  shore  of  Lake  Chad.  Area  191,130  square  mdes.  Population,  2,540,000^ 
?he  ™)Z^tion  consists  chiefly  of  Bantu  negroes  near  the  coast  and  Sudan  negroes  m  the 
i^X  T^re  were,  in  mS,  1,871  whites.  Principal  towns  are  Duak,  population 
about  22,000;  BUea,  Victoria,  Kribi,  Rio  del  Rey,  and  Campo. 

The  coast  region  is  very  fertUe,  and  cocoa  plantations  occupy  an  "«lf  26^15  acr«; 
rubber  plantations  an  area  of  17,729  acres;  kola  plantations  ai.  area  of  133  acres,  and  o,l 
S^  number  345,820.  Ebony  and  other  hard  woods  are  found,  and  there  is  a^acUve 
trade  in  ivory  and  palm  oil.  Cattle  rearing  is  carried  on  m  the  mtenor,  and  gold  and  iron 
!;^work^     ExpeLents  have  been  made  in  the  cultivation  of  spices  and  tropical  products. 

Commerce. 
Importe  into  Kamerua  in  1917,  $2,080;  exports,  $1,374.  Chief  e^PO't*;  P^  ^^^ 
Dels  rubber  palm  oU,  ivory,  cocoa.  Chief  imports:  textiles,  spinte,  timber  salt,  iron 
wts  a.d  ^lonial  produce  In  1912  there  entered  at  the  five  porta  «)4  tradmg  v^ 
Tf  1,733,030  tons.  Railway  mfleage,  149.  There  are  telegraph  and  cable  connections^ 
The  counVry  is  now  being  administered  by  the  authorities  of  French  Equatorial  Atnca,  and 
British  Nigeria. 


NIGERIA 

A  colony  on  the  west  coast  of  Africa  lying  between  Kamerun  and  Dahomey,  ^th  a 
coast  Une  on  the  Gulf  of  Guinea.  Area  approximately  336,000  square  miles.  PopuUtmn 
approximately  16.500,000,  of  whom  2,700  are  Europeans.     Capital  and  prmcpal  town, 

Lagos. 

Commerce 

For'trade  of  the  United  States  with  Nigeria,  see  under  British  West  Africa,  page  555. 

Imports  and  exports  of  Nigeria  1913-1917: ^^^^^ 


Year 


Imports 


1913 
1914 
1915 
1916 
1917 


$35,000,840 
33.539,209 
24.382.381 
28,091,413 
36.609,092 


Exports 


$25,732,552 

5.684.639 

27.511.463 

29,509,407 

42.427.448 


i| 


:    i 


558 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


PROTECTORATE  OF  SOUTHWEST  AFRICA 


559 


'  \ 


The  chief  imports  (1917)  were:  Cotton  piece  goods,  110,197,162;  spirits,  $451518- 
orsO^fiS^Qp'r"'  *'y^\^^2.    Chief  exports  (1917):  Palm  kernels, '$12,547,oVl;  pa'n; 

^  452  f^'   h  ^''^  Tt"^  ^  V"'"^''  '^^  "'•^'  *''''^'^^^'  ^°^«^'  ^2,425,159;  ground  nuts 
^,452,096;  hides  and  skins,  $4,310,751.  '       » &  "w, 

Production  and  Industry 
The  principal  products  are  palm  oil,  of  which  in  1917,  74,619  tons  were  exported;  palra 
kerneU,  of  which  m  1917,  185,998  tons  were  exported;  rubber,  ground  nuts,  rvo^hML 
hve  stock  ostnch  feathers,  cotton  (production,  1917,  approximately  15,000  baZf,' coco!' 

rf9^ :^n°  .'ir^""^  ri '"'"'°«'^^ '°'^-  '^°"  '^'^  '-■  ">«  l*"*^ "Caching  an  outpu; 
of  9,966  tons  m  1917,  and  lead  are  mined.    Coal  and  silver  are  being  developed     The  cWe 

"r *ft'"f  "  '"  ^  ''"*"°  ^^^'  '"«  '»'"  "-»  -"P™-«  abo^9,000  squt 
miles  of  territory.    Maganese,  lignite,  and  monazite  sands  are  likewise  worked 

r.i  I^^  ^^T^^\  P*"^  *"  ^*«°«'  W"ri,  Burutu,  Forcados,  Port  Harcourt,  Bonny  and 
t^lr^^H  J  '"  "  '"^'^T'^  «"«•  •'^'ween  Kano  and  Katsena  on  ;hich  motor 
transportation  ,8  projected.  Trade  is  largely  carried  on  in  the  northern  provinces  by 
caravan  f„,mSaiaga  in  the  west,  Sahara  in  the  north  and  Wadaiin  the  east,  Zc^Zi^^ 

LvfT;^  !  "*.  *^^'^*'  °'  "^""y  °P*"  """l  550  under  construction.  There  are 
several  thou^d  miles  of  telegraph  wire  and  several  hundred  mUes  of  telephone  wir^ 

^  Ts  Vl^^  ""r-  -^^  ~""*'^  •""  "  '"^"'''  ""'"  '»""*''  denomina'tions  Wng 
Th^il^'  r  1      '.  *      *  ""'''*'  ''°"^«^'  ""*  '^''^  '^'"8  "»«  P«->y  »"d  **■>«>  of  a  penny 

For"J^rantcSar"l^°'"-    ^"^"^  ^  "^  ^""^  "^^  '^"^''^  •-'--  ^-^'. 


NORTHERN  TERRITORIES 

IsvATf""  °'  *^^^  '"''«■■  B"''«''  administration  bounded  on  the  west  and  north  by 


THE  PROTECTORATE  OF  SOUTHWEST  AFRICA 

( Fonnerly  German  Southwest  Africa) 

fh.  n^^  P^^ctorate  is  bounded  by  Portuguese  West  Africa  (Angola)  on  the  north   by 
the  Orange  River  and  Cape  Province  on  the  south.    Area  about  322,200  squarmte 
Population  m  1913,  estimated  white,  14,830;  native,  78,810.     Principal  indl^t^^TlTv^^rk 

4^^    .K  ^'\'^^'^^''  ^^'^^  ^'"^  ^^  ^^"1^'  472.580  sheep,  31,500  Zgo  a  goa^ 
485,400  other  goats,  15,900  horses,  13,600  mules  and  asses,  7,700  swine.  ^       ' 

U^^  States  statistics  of  foreign  commerce  until  1920  included  trade  with  the  Pro- 
Tp:^e  ^9       '""'  ^""  ^^  '"^^  "^^'  ^^'"^^^  ^^"^-    ^-  ^»^«  valueTf  thL  tr!^ 

expor^T7'^^t ^'^tTp  ^''  '''^^^^*^*  ^^^^^^^^  fi^-«).  «»^ow  imports,  $10,552,177, 
^rts,  $17,083,585.    The  pnncipal  exports  in  1913  were  diamonds,  $14,316,320  copner 
$48,609;  copper  ore,  $1,868,349;  tin,  $167,670;  lead,  $84,043;  other  ores  $14  375-^0^' 
hides,  and  skms,  $152,676;  ostrich  feathe,.,  $30,151 ;  wool,  ^33,116;  cattleTnd  meS^^^^^ 


In  1913,  ther«  were  1,330  farms  of  33,484,015  acres,  of  which  only  13,000  acres  were 
cultivated,  the  chief  products  being  maize,  potatoes,  and  pumpkins.  Diamonds,  gold, 
tin,  copper,  lead,  iron,  wolfram,  coal  and  marble  are  known  to  exist. 

Since  the  British  occupation  the  production  of  diamonds  has  been  as  follows:  1915, 
13  409  karats,  valued  at  $165,400;  1916, 144,920  carats,  valued  at  $1,595,168;  1917  3^.761 
r^rats  valued  at  $4,054,766.  The  total  raUway  mileage  of  the  protectorate  is  1,422,  of 
which'ninety-eight  mUes  are  private.  The  principal  t«wns  are  Swakopmund,  population, 
wWte  1  463,  colored,  2,076;  Karibib,  population.  whit«,  about  400,  colored  5,628;  Omaruru, 
nopulktion  white,  about  400,  colored,  6,907;  Walvis  Bay,  population  white,  144.  colored, 
^6-  Grootfontein,  population  white,  988,  colored,  11,409;  Windhuk,  population  white, 
2,050,  colored,  6,000;  Luderitzbucht,  population  white,  1,616,  colored,  3,268. 


ST.  HELENA 


An  island  on  the  South  Atlantic  1,200  miles  from  the  west  coast  of  Africa  and  a  pos- 
session of  Great  Britain.    Area,  forty-seven  square  mUes.    Population,  1911,  3,477. 

For  trade  of  the  United  States  with  St.  Helena,  see  under  British  West  Africa,  page  555. 
Imports  and  exports  for  five  years,  including  specie: 


Principal  town,  Jamestown.  The  government  encourages  the  cultivation  of  flax, 
the  acreage  being  730.  There  are  one  government  and  three  private  flax  mills,  employmg 
197  persons.  Production  of  the  miUs  in  1917  was  601  t«ns  of  fiber,  and  259  tons  of  tow. 
There  is  telephone  and  cable  service  on  the  island.    CommerciaUy  it  is  ummportant. 


SIERRA  LEONE 


A  British  colony  on  the  west  coast  of  Africa  lying  between  French  Guinea  on  the  north, 
and  the  RepubUc  of  Liberia  on  the  east  and  southeast.  Sierra  Leone  proper  consists  of  a 
peninsula  with  an  area  of  about  300  square  miles  terminating  m  Cape  Sierra  Leone.  The 
colony  extends  from  the  Scareies  River  on  the  north,  to  the  border  of  Liberia  on  the  south, 
a  distance  of  180  miles.  The  area  of  the  colony  is  about  4,000  square  miles.  Population, 
1911,  75,572,  of  whom  702  were  white.    Principal  town,  Freetown.    Population,  1911, 

34,090. 

For  trade  of  the  United  States  with  Sierra  Leone,  see  under  British  West  Africa,  page 

555. 

Imports  from  United  Kingdom  in  1917,  $48,600,000;  exports  thereto,  $4,466,340. 
Length  of  railways,  400  miles.    There  are  536  miles  of  combined  telegraph  and  tele- 


If-ll 


560 


lit!, 


I 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


phone  line  and  forty-three  post  offices.  Currency  as  in  Nigeria.  The  French  S-franc 
piece  IS  legal  tender  at  the  rate  of  3s.  10>id.  Goods  can  be  sent  to  Sierra  Leone  via  England 
at  the  regular  12  cent  fate  plus  extra  transit  charges.  ^ 

THE  PROTECTORATE 

anH  Tl  P'°*^'*^'f*t,°^  f^^^  I^^e  has  an  area  of  approximately  27,000  square  miles 
and  Hardware.    The  chief  exports  are  palm  kernels,  kola  nuts  and  pahn  oU. 


TOGO 


A  former  Gemian  colony  on  the  west  coast  of  Africa  lymg  between  Gold  Coast  Colonv 

^^.t  TC  ^"^"""^7  °"  ^^^  '^*-    ^^*°^  T^«^^i*^  Li**'«  PoPoand  Porto 

beguro   33,700  square  miles,  with  an  estimated  colored  population  of  1,031,978,  and  an 

estimated  white  population  of  110.    The  principal  towns  are  Lome,  the  ody  ^ort  and 

former  capital  and  Anecho  on  the  coast.    The  southern  part  of  Togo  is  populated  prin- 

cipaUy  by  natives  of  Bantu,  and  the  northern  part  by  descendants  of  Hamitic  tribes 

There  are  thirty  languages  in  use  in  the  southern  part  and  sixteen  in  the  northern. 

Commerce 

Imports  and  exports  for  four  years. 


Year 


Imports 


Exports 


Year 


Imports 


1912. 
1913. 


$2,776,960 
2,583.333 


Exports 


12,420,012 
2,220,291 


1916. 
1917. 


$1,582,095 
1.680.908 


$1,394,397 
2.302,541 


on. .r'  principal  imports  m  1913  were  machinery,  rice,  sugar.  Principal  exports  were 
cocoa,  palm  kernels,  palm  oil,  cotton  and  rubber. 

Production  and  Lidustry 

in.I„3!'!-f"T'''*'  P;?^"'"«  "1  •»"''  y™'  '=«««»'''.  plantains,  ground  nuts;  forest  producU 
mclude  oU  palms,  rubber,  and  dye  woods.  The  principal  commerce  carried  on  is  the  barter  of 
p^  oil,  palm  kernels  cocoa,  rubber  and  copra  with  the  European  factories.  There  is  some 
breeding  of  live  stock,  and  the  native  industries  include  weaving,  pottery  work  wood- 
cu  tmg,  and  m  the  Sokode  and  Misah6he  districts  the  smelting  of  ^n.ToWra'^y 
m  leage  .3  204  m.  es.    There  are  thirteen  post  and  telegraph  stations  and  four  sub^^ta  il^ 


TRISTAN  DA  CUNHA 

A  small  group  of  islands  in  the  South  Atlantic  between  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope  and 
South  Amenca,  with  a  total  population  of  105.    The  islands  are  a  British  posseLTon 


EGYPT 


561 


EGYPT 

An  extensive  country  in  northeastern  Africa  having  coast  lines  on  the  Mediterranean 
nnHRedSeas.  It  is  a  protectorate  of  Great  Britam.  Its  estimated  area,  exclusive  of  the 
Mglo-Egyptian  Sudan,  is  about  equal  to  that  of  the  combined  states  of  Texas  Louisiana 
and  Mississippi.  Of  this  total  area,  however,  the  only  productive  region  is  but  a  httle  larger 
than  the  area  of  the  combined  states  of  New  Jersey  and  Delaware. 

The  principal  cities  are  Alexandria,  which  is  about  as  large  as  W^hmgt^n,  D.  C. 
Cairo,  the  capital,  which  is  about  as  large  as  Boston,  Mass.,  and  Port  Said,  which  owes 
its  importance  to  the  Suez  Canal. 

The  chief  industry  of  Egypt  is  agriculture,  the  principal  products  bemg  cotton,  cereals, 
rice  and  vegetables.    Irrigation  is  conducted  on  a  large  scale. 

The  city  of  Alexandria  is  the  prmcipal  port  for  the  eastern  Mediterranean  and  the 
largest  distributing  point  for  the  trade  of  the  Levant. 

Area  and  Population 

The  area  of  Egypt,  excluding  the  Sudan,  is  about  350,000  square  miles.  The  populated 
and  cultivated  area,  restricted  to  the  Nile  VaUey  and  delta,  comprise  about  12,000  square 
miles  The  total  population  of  the  country,  according  to  the  provisional  figures  of  the 
census  taken  in  1917,  is  12,710,120.  Of  this  number  6,086,670  inhabit  t^^  ««  P/^™?^ 
comprising  Lower  Egypt,  which  have  a  t^tal  area  of  7,600  square  miles;  5,149,473  inhabit 
the  eight  provinces  comprising  Upper  Egypt,  with  a  total  area  of  4,293  square  miles. 

The  population  of  the  principal  cities  and  towns,  that  of  Cairo,  Alexandria,  Daimetta, 
Port  Said,  including  IsmaUia,  and  the  Suez  not  included  in  the  foregoing  totals  for  Upper 
Egypt  and  Lower  Egypt,  is  as  follows:  Cairo,  790,939;  Alexandria,  444,617;  Port  Said 

Sding  Ismailia),  91,090;  Suez,  30,996;  I^--i«**^'J,0'^|,^V^.'^^^^/^'l^f;,^^^^^^ 
49  238-  Zaeazig  41.741;  Damanhfir,  40,000;  Benha,  18,607;  Shibm  el-Kom,  2,5414,  Asjnit, 
4l5;  Wn  11,293;  Beni  Su^f,  31,986;  Faiyto,  44,400;  Sohag,  22,000;  Giza,  18,714; 
Qena,  23,357;  Minya,  35,000. 

Of  every  1  000  of  the  population,  946  are  Uliterate.  The  census  of  1917  returned  the 
population  according  to  religion  as  follows:  Moslems,  10,269,445;  Copts,  706,322;  Jews, 
38,635;  others,  175,576. 

Commerce 

Value  of  the  total  foreign  trade  of  the  United  States  with  Egypt  for  eleven  years: 


Year 

ended 

June 

30 


Exports 


Domestic 


Foreign 


Total 


Imports 


Free 


Dutiable 


Total 


Per 

cent 
free 


Excess  of 
exports  (*) 

or 
imports  (-) 


1909 
1910 
1911 
1912 
1913 
1914 
1915 
1916 
1917 
1918 
1919 


$1,287,593 
978.747 
2,112,043 
1,748,394 
1,655,824 
1.929,772 
2,849,591 
7,746,979 

11,924,543 
3.149,994 


$6,214 

4,098 

2,553 

2,809 

5,009 

244 

30,650 

17,374 

8.623 


$1,293,807 

982,845 

2,114,596 

1,751,203 

1,660,833 

1,930,016 

2,879,241 

7,764,353 

11,933.166 

3,149,994 

10.293,189 


$11,077,477 
11,983,681 
21,337,586 
17,074,089 
19,772,834 
12,919,919 
16,933,201 
32,696,365 
29,271,749 
20,741,958 


$123,364 
192,427 
337,067 
290,025 
134,994 
391,314 
438,791 
558,578 
456,696 
166,000 


$11,200,841 
12,176,108 
21,674,653 
17,364,114 
19,907,828 
13,311,233 
17,371,992 
33.254,943 
29,728,445 
20.907,958 
23.934.571 


98.90 
98.42 
98.44 
98.33 
99.33 
97.06 
97.47 
98.32 
98.46 
99.21 


$-  9,907.034 
-11.193.263 
-19.560.057 
-15,612,911 
-18,246;995 
-11,381,217 
-14.492,751 
-25.490..590 
-17,795,279 
-17,757.964 
-13.&4 1,382 


III 


562 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Foreign  trade  for  five  years: 


Year 


Merchan'dibe  © 


Imports 


Exports 


Spccib 


Imports 


Exports 


1914. 
1915. 
1916. 
1917. 
1918. 


$107,102,307 

95,291,935 

152.272.357 

163,553,435 

252,195,658 


$118,772,554 
113.341.078 
184.686,491 
202.528.817 
223,674.198 


$8,776,602 
3,558.005 
6,754.800 
6,110,976 
3,012,274 


Note:   ©Excluding  re-exporta  ($1,867,148  in  1918)  and  transit  trade  ($70,557,878  in  1918). 

Imports  and  exports  by  principal  countries  of  origin  and  destination: 


$31.396,6<»0 

654,008 

656,454 

218,399 

27,115 


Countries 


Imports  from 


1917 


1918 


Exports  to 


1917 


1918 


Great  Britain 

British  Colonies  in  the  Mediterranean 

India  and  Aden 

Australasia 

United  States 

China 

Japan 

France 

Greece 

Italy '.'.'.'.'.'.','.'.'.'. 

Switzerland 

Spain 


$69,656,196 

1.583,067 

15,832,996 

7.149,814 

5,213,401 

2,680,125 

3.298.727 

4,761,645 

13.800.064 

10.760.617 

1.269,355 

861.690 


$133,492,740 

1,404,423 

20,185.101 

12,174,939 

2,422,202 

6,163,693 

12,492.462 

9,045,509 

10,701,393 

11,901.365 

1,822.887 

1,555,493 


$120,509,792 

1.656.381 

2,218,900 

236,147 

24.984.332 

74.246 

7,010,460 

12.684.795 

4.417.097 

12.229,358 

4.592.900 

2.094,194 


$150,573,505 

2,152,452 

1.587.085 

277.248 

21,131,547 

78,071 

4,769,583 

10,171.659 

4,297.071 

11,884,415 

4,496,145 

5,049.163 


Principal  imports  and  exports  for  three  years: 


Merchandise 


Imports 


1916 


1917 


1918 


Animals  and  animal  food 
products 

Hides,  skins  and  leather 
goods. 

Other  animal  products .  . 

Cereals,  vegetables 

Colonial  produce 

Spirits,  oils,  etc 

Rags,  paper,  books 

Wood  and  coal 

Stone,  earthenware  and 
glass 

Coloring  materials 

Chemicals,  perfumes,  etc. 

Textiles  and  yarns  ® . .  . , 

Metals  and  manufactures 

Miscellaneous 

Tobacco 


Exports 


1916 


1917 


Total 


$10,667,864 

1.487.671 
442,956 

7,195,783 

6,990.325 
14,006,494 

3,730,886 
28,449,812 

3,229,962 
2,416,794 
6,181,624 
47,446,901 
7,275,274 
9,532,904 
4,016,347 


$153,071,597 


$8,201,730 

1,486,035 
518.680 

7,619.014 

7,246.533 
15,720,611 

2,7a5,327 
17.694,839 

1,767.601 

2,106,667 

7,918.058 

56,792.462 

7,735,574 

10,051,883 

14,989,374 


1918 


$162,554,388 


$11,305,890 

2,472,168 
668,133 

6,714,285 
10,405,445 
23,354,105 

8,177,257 
26,699.248 

3,601.305 

2,859,518 

9, 270,  .534 

109,398,400 

14,093,765 
7,887,018 

15,287,579 


$3,379,283 

2,064,205 

207,.587 

22.022,827 

3.352.809 

1.468,701 

178,308 

79,106 

2,627 
107.695 
538,296 
148,385,363 
972,373 
634,002 
1.293,301 


$252,194,650   $187,686,483 


$2,381,847 

3,787,299 

187,330 

17,440,089 

6,669,013 
953,604 
301,686 
171,160 

1,848 

79,003 

1.152,259 

166,147,049 

562,024 

622.979 

2,000,421 


$202,457,611 


$1,853,305 

3,068,146 

197,471 

16.826.652 

6.146,373 

1,111,390 

362,685 

251,193 

11,871 

34,988 

925,903 

188,808,203 

349,862 

114,597 

3.609.524 

$223,672,163 


at  $147,981,452;  in  1917.  807.659  bales  of  50oTbs.  each.%LVed  at  iKuOlVii  i9?8.^|l87!5'o9.92t'^ 


EGYPT 


563 


Production  and  Industry 
The  estimated  cultivatible  area  of  Egypt  in  1918  was  8,233,603  acres;  of  this  amount 
only  5,386,641  acres  were  under  cultivation.    The  following  table  shows  the  number  of 
land  holders  and  the  sizes  of  holdings: 


Sise  of  holdings 
Acres 


Foreigners 


Acres 


Proprietors 


Natives 


Acres 


Proprietors 


Total 


Acres         Proprietors 


Uptol.15......    •• 

From  1.15  to  5.15.  . 
From  5.15  to  10.30.. 
From  10.30  to  20.60 
From  20.60  to  30.90 
From  30.90  to  51,50. 
Over  51.50 


Total 


1,211 

5,827 
6,407 

10,955 
9,499 

17,924 
641,472 


693,295 


2,070 
2.171 
838 
738 
373 
435 
1.617 


8.342 


458.327 
1.050.934 
536.210 
514,441 
272,258 
333,093 
1,750,722 


4,916.185 


1,044,371 
476,910 
75,107 
36,337 
10.845 
8,341 
10,892 


1.662.863 


459.538 
1.056,761 

542.617 
525,396 
281,757 
351,017 
2,392,394 


5,609,480 


1.046.441 
479.081 
75.945 
37,075 
11.218 
8,776 
12,509 


1,671,045 


The  use  of  perennial  irrigation  by  a  canal  system  in  Lower  Egj^t  and  the  provmce  of 

Favum  in  Upper  Egypt  enables  three  crops  to  be  grown.  In  this  district  cotton,  rice, 
ma^e,  barley,  wheat  and  clover  are  grown.  In  those  districts  of  Upper  Egypt,  where 
Son  is  confined  to  the  natural  flooding  of  the  fields  by  the  rising  of  the  Nife,  which 
occurs  from  the  end  of  June  to  September,  the  principal  crops  are  vegetables  and  cereals 
Planted  in  November  and  harvested  in  May  and  June.  Summer  crops,  cotton,  sugar  and 
rice  are  planted  in  March  and  harvested  in  October  and  November.  Autumn  croi«,  nee, 
com,  millet  and  vegetables  are  planted  in  July  and  harvested  in  September  and  October. 

The  acreage  and  production  of  principal  crops  in  1917  were  as  follows:    Cotton 
1727,310  acres,  6,308,000  cantars,  which  is  equal  to  624,807,400  pounds    or  1^49,614 
bales  of  500  pounds  each.    Wheat,  1,116,459  acres,  811,969  tons;  barley,  444,790  acres. 
296.070  tons;  maize,  1,734,637  acres;  millet,  277,137  acres;  rice,  266.449  acres;  sugar 
(exporte)  25,989  tons.  ^^^^  ^^^ 

Yeariy  return  of  shipping  and  tonnage  that  passed  through  the  Suez  Canal  during  the 
five  years,  1913  to  1917,  inclusive. ^— -— =^===== 


Year 


Number  of 
■V^essels 


Gross  Tonnage 


Net  Tonnage 


Rate  of 

Transit  dues 

p>er  Ton 


Transit  receipts 


Mean  Net 

Tonnage  per 

Vessel 


1913 
1914 
1915 
1916 
1917 


5,085 
4,802 
3,708 
3,110 
2,353 


27.737.180 
26,866.340 
21.027.457 
16,894.288 
11,414.482 


20.033.180 
19,409,495 
15,266,155 
12,325.347 
8,368,918 


1.21 
1.21 
1.21 

(b) 
(0 


$24,443,630 
23,594,029 
19,049,865 
15,606,444 
12,380,535 


3,940 
4,042 
4,117 
3,963 
3,557 


Note  (b)  January  to  March.  $1.21;  Apr.  1  to  Oct  4  $1.30;  Oct.  5  to  Dec.  31.  $1.40. 
(c)  First  semester,  $1.50;  second  semester.  $1.04. 

Net  tonnage  of  vessels  of  various  nationalities  passing  through  the  canal  during  the 
years  1912-1917:  _________ 


Austria 
Hungary 


France 


Germany 


Italy 


United 
Kingdom 


Japan 


Various 


Total  Tons 


1913 
1914 
1915 
1916 
1917 


846,000 
632,000 


928,000 
800,000 
666.000 
774.000 
579,000 


3,352.000 
2,119,000 


291,000 
369,000 
363.000 
4.39,000 
778,000 


12.052.000 

12.910,000 

11.6.56.000 

9,788,000 

6,164,000 


344,000 
354,000 
566,000 
70,000 
155,000 


2,221,000 
2,225,000 
2,015,000 
1,254,000 
693,000 


20,034,000 
19,409.000 
15.266.000 
12,325.000 
8.369,000 


564 


iifl! 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Railways : 

Total  mileage,  1918,  2,875,  of  which  2,078  is  under  control  of  the  state,  and  797  consist 
of  hght  railways  owned  by  agricultural  interests.  In  addition  there  is  a  military  raUwav 
m  the  Sudan  extending  to  Khartoum,  375  miles  long. 

Telegraphs,  Telephones,  Post  OflBces: 

Total  mileage  of  telegraph  and  telephone  systems,  1918,  6,336:  of  wire.  20.692  Poat 
offices  number  2,070.  i      i      •    irosi 

Money : 

The  unit  of  currency  is  the  gold  pound  of  100  piastres,  with  a  par  value  of  %i  93  United 
States  currency  and  signified  by  the  sign  £  E.    The  coins  are:  gold,  the  pound  and  half 
pound;  silver,  20,  10,  5  and  2  piastres;  nickel,  1,  H,  1^,  l-io  piastre;  bronre,  1-20  piastre 
Bank  notes  of  vanous  denomination  are  issued  by  the  National  Bank,  and  during  the  war 
were  inconvertible. 

Weights  and  Measures : 

The  Okieh  equals  1.320  ounce;  the  Rotl  equals  .9905  pound;  the  Oke  equals  2  75 
pounds;  the  Cantar  equals  99.05  pounds  =  100  rotls  or  36  okes.  The  ardeb  equals  43  55 
gallons,  or  5.44  bushels.  The  f  eddan  (land  measure  unit),  equals  1 .03  acres  -  7,468. 14  square 
pics.    The  square  pic  equals  6.06  square  feet. 

Language: 

Enghsh  and  French  are  used  in  foreign  trade.  Arabic  is  the  language  of  the  country. 
Local  Advertising  Media: 

In  Alexandria  and  Cairo  there  are  dailies  published  in  French,  English.  Arabic  and 
Greek. 

Shipping  Routes: 

Fumess-Prince  Line. 

American-Mediterranean-Levant  Line. 
American  and  Indian  Line. 
Independent  S.  S.  Corp. 

Customs  Tariff: 

Duty  on  all  commodities,  with  certain  exceptions,  is  levied  at  the  rate  of  8  per  cent 
ad  valorem.  Exceptions  are  coal,  liquid  fuel,  charcoal,  firewood  and  petroleum,  cows 
oxen,  sheep  and  goats,  either  alive  or  frozen,  on  which  a  4  per  cent,  ad  valorem  duty  is' 
levied;  and  alcoholic  drinks,  extracts  and  perfumes,  on  which  a  10  per  cent,  ad  valorem 
duty  is  levied. 

Consular  Regulations:  No  consular  documents  are  required. 
Cable  Rates: 

Alexandria  and  First  Region,  $0.50  per  word;  Second  Region,  $0.52;  Third  Region 
$0.58,  from  New  York  or  New  England  states.  ' 

Postal  Rates:  Postal  Union  rates. 

Mail  Time: 

Alexandria,  via  Brindisi,  thirteen  days.    Cairo,  via  Brindisi,  thirteen  days. 


EGYPT 


565 


^'^''trvice  extends  to  Egypt  under  conditions  applicable  to  parcels  for  Great  Bntam. 
T  mitof  weight,  11  pounds.  Delivery  charges  are  coUected  as  follows:  One  pound  to  three 
^und^  24  cente;  four  pomids  to  seven  pounds,  42  cente;  eight  pounds  to  eleven  pounds, 
Teeni  Contents  and  value  must  be  stated  in  the  customs  declaration.  Parcek  for  the 
S^dan  must  be  packed  in  wood,  tin,  canvas  or  linen  and  be  securely  sealed  with  wax  or 

lead. 

Money  Orders:  Not  issued. 

International  Reply  Coupons:  Issued^ 

ANGLO-EGYPTIAN  SUDAN 

The  Anglo-Egyptian  Sudan  extends  southwest  from  the  frontier  of  Egypt  to  Uganda 
and  the  Bel^an  Congo,  and  extends  westward  from  the  Red  Sea  to  Wadai  in  Central 
^rica  The  area  is  esthnated  at  1,014,400  square  miles,  and  the  population  at  3,400,00). 
Th  principal  towns  are  Khartoum,  the  capital,  population  1917,  16,325;  Omdurman  the 
former  Dervish  capital,  population  1917,  84,033;  Khartoum  North,  population  1917. 
10  828:  Haifa,  Merowe,  El  Damer,  Port  Sudan  and  Atbara. 
'  Commerce 

United  States  statistics  of  foreign  commerce  include  trade  with  the  Anglo-Egyptian 
Sudan  in  trade  with  Egypt.    See  page  561. 

Imports  and  exports  for  six  years: 


Year 


ImpobtsCD 


Exports© 


Year 


Imports© 


Exports  © 


1912 
1913 
1914 


$9,699,624 

10,399,716 

9,325,065 


$6,769,476 
5,842,965 
5,029.881 


1916, 
1916, 
1917 


$8,401,952 
13,121,037 
15,293,436 


$7,779,459 
11,281.826 
17.208,458 


©  Excluding  re-exports,  which  were  $1,119,662  in  1916,  and 
Imp^rte  and  exports  by  major  countries  of  origin  and  destination: 


Note:    ®  Including  government  stores 
$1,176,376  in  1917 


Articles 


Imports® 


1916 


1917 


Exports 


1916 


1917 


Egypt 

United  Kingdom. 

Italy 

India  and  Aden . 

France 

United  States  • . . 

Abyssinia 

Arabia . 


$2,918,801 

5,287,375 

196,435 

2.345.496 

74,600 

119,024 

375,912 

143,246 


$3,901,261 

5,868.494 

2,775,313 

363,163 

131.655 

34,155 

565,278 

93,689 


$5,153,082 

3,203,647 

47.194 

02,438 

940,264 

313,676 

36,960 

753,402 


$12,766,437 

3.488,645 

102.894 

88,813 

37.714 

167.515 

81,058 

235.565 


Wote:   ©  Goods  imported  via  Egypt  are  credited  to  the  country  of  consignment. 
Imports  and  exports  by  classification  of  goods: 


Articles 


Imports 


1916 


1917 


Articles 


t 


Exports 


1916 


1917 


Cotton  fabrics I  $3,231,965 

Sugar,  refined 1.627,639 


Wheat  flour. 

Coffee 

Tea 

Machinery.... 

Coal 

Timber 

Soap 

Iron  and  steel. 
Tobacco 


446,160 
571,574 
253,278 
382.380 
1,438,835 
61,595 
157,725 
195,430 
368,980 


$3,844,330 

2,019,106 

329,466 

728,072 

370,573 

246,608 

1.570,648 

32,059 

208,179 

296.189 

335.816 


Gum 

Ivory 

Sesame 

Cotton,  ginned 

Cotton  seeds 

Dates 

Dura  (millet) 

Cattle 

Sheep  and  goats •  • 

Hides  and  skins  (untanned) 
Gold 


$2,889,482 
346,253 
854,566 
326,628 
192,792 
215,406 
1,725.766 
513.636 
366,570 
551,395 
314,972 


$3,669,620 

282.247 

997.348 

2.782.013 

226.178 

267.585 

3.252.069 

1.261.019 

1.156.035 

918,429 

332.937 


l*HI- 


*   1 


566 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


FRENCH  WEST  AFRICA 


567 


t 


! 


Ill 


Production  and  Industry. 

The  principal  products  of  the  Sudan  are  gum  arabic  and  ivory,  of  which  it  is  the  chief 
source  of  the  worid's  supply.  Other  important  products  are  cotton,  ostrich  feathers 
palm  nuts,  which  produce  a  specie  of  vegetable  ivory  used  in  the  manufacture  of  buttons' 
dates,  sesame,  senna  leaves,  hides,  skins,  and  gold.  In  the  southern  districts,  rubber  and 
dura,  the  principal  grain  crop,  which  is  a  species  of  millet,  are  produced.  The  area  under 
cultivation  in  1916  was  estimated  at  3,178,750  acres. 

Egyptian  cotton  is  cultivated  on  the  Nile  and  in  the  Tokar  district  of  the  Red  Sea 
Province,  and  is  being  cultivated  experimentally  in  the  Gezira  country,  between  the  Blue 
and  White  Niles.  The  cattle  trade  is  prosperous,  and  live  stock  is  increasing.  The 
forests,  especially  those  of  the  White  Nile,  are  rich  in  ebony,  gum  fiber,  and  rubber.  Gold 
mines  are  located  at  Um  Nabardi  and  Gabait. 
Railways : 

Total  length  of  line  approximately  1,500  miles.  There  is  extensive  passenger  service 
on  the  various  arms  of  the  NUe  and  its  tributaries,  between  Assouan  in  Egypt  and  Rejaf . 
Telegraphs: 

There  are  4,687  miles  of  open  line,  and  6,836  miles  of  wire. 
Post  Offices: 

There  are  80  stationary  and  12  travelling  post  and  telegraph  offices. 


FRENCH  AFRICA 


FRENCH  WEST  AFRICA 

French  West  Africa  comprises  (1)  Senegal,  (2)  French  Guinea,  (3)  The  Ivory  Coast 
(4)  Dahomey,  (5)  Upper  Senegal  and  Niger,  (French  Sudan),  (6)  Military  territory  of 
the  Niger,  and  Territory  of  Mauritania.    Over  all  of  this  territory  there  is  a  Governor 
General,  assisted  by  a  councU.      The  seat  of  the  government  is  at  Dakar.      Each  colony 
is  under  a  lieutenant  governor  subject  to  the  Governor  General. 


I 


III 


c 

I 


I   I 


I^f 


568 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Area  and  Poptilation 
Approximate  area  and  population  of  French  West  Africa: 


Colonies 


Area  in 
Sq.  Miles 


North  African  Races 


French 


Foreign 


African  Races 


French 


Foreign 


Senegal 

Guinea [[[] 

Ivory  Coast 

Dahomey 

Upper  Senegal  and  Niger. .. . . 
Military  territory  of  the  Niger 
Mauritania 

Total 


74,000 
93,000 
125,000 
39,000 
568,000 
502,000 
344,000 


1,745,000 


Total 


4,229 

1,082 

716 

646 

84 

617 

1.134 

79 

118 
45 

163 

1 

8,020 

894 

8,914 

1,239.503 

1,808,893 

1,528,535 

910,902 

5,597,580 

850,000 

256.000 


3,601 
2,520 


212 

214 

15 


12,191,413 


0,562 


1,247.979 

1,812.579 

1.529.351 

911,749 

5.598,973 

850.094 

256.164 


12,197,975 


12,206,889 


Commerce 
United  States  statistics  of  foreign  commerce  include  in  statistics  of  trade  with  French 
Africa  trade  with  Algeria,  Tunis,  Senegal,  Upper  Senegal  and  Niger,  French  Somaliland 
French  Guinea,  the  Ivory  Coast,  French  Congo,  Dahomey,  Reunion,  Mayotte  and  the 
Comoro  Islands. 

Eleven  year  table  of  the  total  foreign  trade  of  the  United  States  with  French  Africa: 


Year 

Ended 

Jiine 

30 


Exports 


Domestic 


Foreign 


Total 


1909. 

1910. 

1911., 

1912., 

1913.. 

1914.. 

1915.. 

1916.. 

1917.. 

1918.. 

1919.. 


Imports 


Free 


Dutiable 


Total 


$1,606,792 
1,273,432 
1.460,152 
2,143,937 
4.139,130 
2.754,026 
2.488,696 
2,371,379 
2,935.403 
2.079,066 


12.291 
1.961 

803 
6.885 
3.382 

202 
1.508 
4.985 

755 
23.377 


. 


$1,609,083 
1,275.393 
1,460.955 
2,150.822 
4,142.512 
2,754,288 
2,490,204 
2,376,364 
2,936,158 
2,102.443 
7,895.308 


Per 
Cent. 
Free 


Excess  of 
Exports  (*) 

or 
Imports  (-) 


$419,327 
448,807 
401,535 
492,253 
589,702 
680,448 
359,117 

1,406,777 
798,753 
514.164 


$130,186 
278,163 
271,316 
195,052 
143,157 
164,360 
293,136 
604,445 
519.404 
385,669 


$549,513 

726.970 

672,851 

687,305 

732,859 

844,808 

652,253 

2.011.222 

1.318,157 

899,833 

1.138.922 


76.31 
61.74 
59.68 
71.62 
80.47 
80.54 
55.06 
69.95 
60.59 
57.14 


Imports  and  exports  for  each  of  the  colonies  during  1916  and  1917: 


+$1,059,570 

+548,423 

+788,104 

+1,463,517 

+3,409,653 

+1.909,420 

+1,837,951 

+365,142 

+1,618,001 

+1,202,616 

+6,746,386 


Colonies 


Imports 


1916 


1917 


Exports 


1916 


1917 


Senegal 

Upper  Senegal  and  Niger! . . 

French  Guinea 

Ivory  Coast 

Dahomey 

Military  Territory  of  the  Niger, 


Total. 


$22,535,805 

938,558 

3.896,236 

2,228,521 

3,3.56,0.'^.') 

326,250 


$33,281,411 


$23,814,126 

924,615 

4.159,100 

2.491,357 

2.991.048 

244.025 


$34,624,271 


$15,875,081 

301.320 

3,134.414 

1,803,401 

3.444.047 

303,337 


$25,061,600 


$25,522,834 

546,089 

3,678,281 

2,083,219 

2,721,872 

299,998 


$34,852,293 


The  chief  imports  into  West  Africa  are  textiles,  mechanical  instruments,  food  sub- 
stances and  bevera^     The  exports  are,  oils,  oU  seeds,  fruits,  cotton,  cocoa,  rubber  and 

r  1  ni°.  1  V'^^^  ""^^  °^  ^'^^^'^^  ^""^  ^""^"^^  *^«  Po^  of  French  West  Africa, 
m  1916  the  distribution  of  post  offices  was  as  foUows:  Upper  Senegal,  73;  Senegal,  59: 

/.r*<T     '    7^"^  ^°^'  ^''  ^*^«^«y'  30;  Mauretania,  13;  and  the  Military  Terri^ 
of  the  Niger,  12;  making  a  total  of  263  post  offices. 

Parcels  Post:  Service  does  not  extend  to  French  West  Africa. 


FRENCH  WEST  AFRICA 


569 


consular  Representatives:  United  States  has  a  consul  stationed  at  Dakar,  Senegal. 

ShippiJig  Routes: 

British  &  African  Steam  Navigation  Co.,  Ltd. 
Fabre  Line  (via  Marseilles). 

Customs  Tariff:  .  ,     .i 

There  is  a  smaU  schedule  of  ad  valorem  duties  with  specific  duties  on  textUes. 

Consular  Regulations:  No  consular  documents  are  requited. 

'""To'^DXmey,  $1.15;  French  Congo,  first  regio^   $1.^.  ^-^^^Xom^Ntw  S 
region,  $1.39;  French  Guinea,  $0.97;  Ivory  Coast,  $1.05;  Senegal,  $0.60  from  New 

or  New  England  states. 

Postal  Rates:  Postal  Union  rates. 

Mail  Time:  Twenty-five  to  thirty  days. 

^"to^fcan  be  sent  by  parcel  post  to  French  West  Africa  via  France  at  the  regular 
12  cent  rate  plus  transit  charges. 

Money  Orders:  Not  issued. 

International  Reply  Coupons:  Issued. 


DAHOMEY 

Dahomey  with  an  area  of  about  40,000  square  miles  has  a  coast  Une  about  70  mUes 
long,  wMch  opTns  into  a  wide-interland  which  stretches  northward.  Its  populaUon  ^ 
estimated  at  900,000  including  457  Europeans. 

The  chief  business  centre  and  the  seat  of  the  government  is  Porto  Novo.  It  has  a 
population  of  20,000  inhabitants. 

The  natives,  who  are  of  pure  Negro  stock  are  industrious  ''PJ''"'*^*^;^^^^;;;^ 
mai,e,  manioc,  yams  and  potatoes.  The  forests  are  nch  m  palms  and  cocoanut  trees. 
Cotton  is  now  being  cultivated  successfuUy  in  Dahomey. 

The  principal  imports  are  machinery,  cotton,  Uquors  and  tobacco  The  e^rts  are 
palm  oil  and  kernels,  copra,  kola  nuts  and  rubber.  For  trade  of  the  United  States  ,.th 
Dahomey,  see  under  French  West  Africa,  page  568. 

From  the  port  of  Kotonu,  where  an  iron  pier  has  been  erected  a  raUway  ^^^ 
to  Sav4,  156  mte,  with  a  20-mile  branch  line  to  Whydah  and  fegboru^  on  Late  Ah^me^ 
It  is  ev^ntuaUy  to  run  to  Chaoru  a  distance  of  400  mUes.  Another  Une  runs  50  miles  from 
Porto  Novo  to  Pob^. 


«K' 


570 


If 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


The  roads  of  Dahomey  have  been  improved  within  recent  years.    A  new  macadam 
ized  road  for  motor  traffic  having  been  constructed  from  Save  to  Niger.  310  miles  in  length 

AK.^^^'^*?  h^?  '^'^^^  ""^  telegraph  hne  in  the  colony:  Kotonu  is  connected  with 
Abomey,  Tgoland,  the  Niger  and  Senegal.    There  are  70  mHes  of  telephone  line. 
Both  French  and  EngUsh  coins  are  in  circulation. 

Value  of  imports  and  exports  during  1913,  1915  and  1916: 

Imports 


Articles 


1913 


1915 


1916 


Biscuits,  sea. . . . 
Cotton  goods. 

Flour 

Kerosene 

Lumber 

Rice 

Soap 

Spirits  (gin) 

Sugar 

Tobacco,  leaf. . . 
All  other  articles 

Total 


111.394 

725,965 
25.007 

138,172 
33,774 
18,107 
28.049 

245.365 

61,007 

72.480 

1,565.414 


S2.509 

641.442 

9.845 

192.561 

6,003 

6,205 

15.540 

70.196 

6.102 

204.579 

896.850 


$2,924,414 


S2.051.832 


$2,869 

1.157.344 

24.363 

131,483 

9.574 

13.154 

28.200 

155.502 

25.313 

297,433 

1.610.900 


$3,356,035 


Exports 


Articles 


1913 


1915 


1916 


Copra 

Fish,  dried 

Maize,  com .... 
Palm  kernels .  .  . 

Palm  oil 

All  other  articles 

Total.. 


$15,947 
32,774 
204.675 
1.950.060 
750.097 
149.129 


$3,102,682 


$18,563 

45,531 

83,149 

1.097.827 

933,063 

226,530 


$2,404,663 


$19,560 

1.210 

68,859 

1.668.082 

1.312.392 

573.939 


$3,644,042 


FRENCH  GUINEA 

French  Guinea,  a  French  colony  in  West  Africa  with  an  area  of  approximately  95  000 
square  miles,  a  population  of  1,808.895,  including  1,166  Europeans,  under  the  administra- 
tion of  a  lieutenant  governor,  includes  the  territories  of  Dinguiray,  Siguiri,  Kouroussa 
Kankan,  Kissidugo,  Beyla,  Macenta  and  N'zerekore.     The  capital  is  K^airy  wWcTS 

aiToornTr  w^^V  !J"'  "'''"  '^'  '^*  ^^"^  ^^"^^°P^  '""^  ^^'  ^'  the  most  import- 
ant ports  on  the  West  Afncan  coast.  There  are  dense  forests  containing  many  varieties 
of  rubber  vines  and  bamboo.  The  most  important  tree  of  the  coast  belt  is  the  ox-pa  m 
The  soil  IS  fertile  and  nch  m  tropical  produce.  The  chief  products  are  rubber,  palm  ^i 
and  pahn  kernels,  cotton  is  cultivated  in  the  Niger  basin.  Gum  copal,  ground  nuts  Z 
sesame  are  largely  cultivated,  minor  products  are  coffee,  wax  and  ivory  Large  herds  of 
cattle  and  flocks  of  sheep  are  raised  in  Futa  Jallon.  The  trade  in  hides' is  of TnsEbL 
value.    The  hvestock  census  for  1914  was  as  foUpws,  400,000  cattle,  150,000  sheep,  140,000 


FRENCH  GUINEA 


571 


.oats  and  3,000  horses.  Gold  is  found  in  the  Tinkisso  nver  and  m  the  Boure  and  Siecke 
fir  The  principal  exports  are  rubber,  cattle,  ground  nute  and  palm  kernels  In 
SpoI  amT^^^^^  toT689,291  francs  (11,870,033)  and  exports  to  16,240,488  francs 

/•3J34  414). 

A  network  of  roade  is  being  made  to  connect  with  the  raUway  station  from  Konakry 
,.  the  \iKer.  The  French  Guinea  railway  which  runs  from  Konakry  on  the  coast  of  the 
Ni«r  at  Kourassa  (366  miles  long)  was  opened  in  January  1911  and  m  Augmt  1914  w^ 
Snued  to  Kankan,  a  distance  of  46  mUes.    A  jetty  1,066  feet  long  at  Konakry  has 

been  completed.  .  i   «      -i       * 

There  are  2,556  miles  of  telegraph  Une  and  43  miles  of  telephone  hne  with  6  mJes  of 

,ubm^"  Une  in  French  Guinea.    The  colony  is  connected  by  cable  with  France  and 

Pemambuco,  also  with  Freetown,  Moravia,  and  Grand  Bassam. 

Z  trade  of  the  United  States  with  French  Guinea,  see  under  French  West  Afnca, 

page  568. 

Imports  by  articles  for  1913,  1914,  1915  and  1916: 


Articles 


1913 


1914 


1915 


1916 


Apparel.  •  •  •  •  • 

Blue  long  cloth 

Coal ;  ••• 

CoDBtruction  matenals. 

Cotton  goods 

Flour 

Liquors 

Oils,  kerosene 

Rice 

Soap 

Sugar 

Tobacco 

Wines 

Other  articles 


$123,504 
48.322 
49.766 
36,558 
736,165 
50.198 
52.370 
48,143 
51.886 
20.441 
43,856 
73.466 
66.642 

1,345,819 


172,388 
33.631 
42.291 
32.378 

617.004 
61.537 


Total $3,747,136 


30.105 
67,947 
15.383 
20.299 
73.338 
62.187 
655.478 


$1,782,966 


$70,480 

89.288 

2.149 

6.313 

924,645 
38.612 
28.039 
29.875 
19.559 
23,422 
20.598 
88.760 
63,059 

265.234 


$139,790 
31.097 

1,971,824 
61,808 
101.487 
45.830 
42.756 
1.320 
89.644 
37.945 
80.450 

1,213,437 


$1,870,033 


$3,896,236 


Exports  by  articles  for  1913,  1914,  and  1915: 


Articles 


1913 


1914 


1915 


Beeswax 

Bullocks 

Gum  copal 

Hides 

Palm  kernels 

Palm  oil 

Peanuts  (ground  nuts) 

Rubber 

Sesame  seed 

All  other  articles 

Total 


$34,065 
298,426 

52.583 
338.749 
339,129 

19.022 

106.022 

1.847,289 

29,425 
146.880 


$50,275 
291,430 

57.292 
200.642 
287,345 

11,931 
121,359 
610.328 

51.491 
218.692 


$3,212,437 


$2,200,785 


$82,402 
295,145 

65,687 
811.943 
315.018 

36.153 

32,332 
916,266 

24,447 
555,021 


$3,134,414 


IVORY  COAST 

The  Ivory  Coast  is  situated  between  Liberia  and  the  British  Gold  Coast  Colony  and 
extending  inland  to  the  Upper  Senegal  Niger,  has  an  area  of  about  125,000  square  md^ 
and  a  population  of  1,559,251,  including  716  Europeans.  The  most  important  commun^ 
are :    Bingerville,  seat  of  the  government,  Grand  Bassam,  Assime,  Grand  Lahou,  Sassandra, 


I 


n 


672 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Tabou  and  in  the  interior  Abijean,  Bouakd,  Aboisso,  Dimbokro,  Tiassali,  Bonduku  and 
Korhogo.  Grand  Bassam  is  on  a  lagoon,  124  miles  long  and  12  to  15  feet  deep.  Grand 
Lahou  is  now  connected  with  the  lagoon  by  means  of  a  canal.  The  chief  produce  is 
maize,  bananas,  plantains,  pine  apples,  and  other  fruits,  cocoanuts  and  rubber.  There  are 
fine  mahogany  forests  in  the  interior.  Gold  is  found  on  the  Comoe  and  Bia  Rivers  as  well 
as  near  Grand  Bassam.  The  chief  imports  are  coffee,  tobacco,  and  rice;  and  exports  are 
palm  kernels,  pahn  oil  and  rubber.  The  vessels  of  French,  Belgian,  and  British  companies 
visit  the  ports.  A  railway  has  been  constructed  from  Abijean  on  the  north  side  of  the 
lagoon  to  Bouakd,  197  miles.  Telegraph  lines  connect  the  principal  towns,  there  beinjr 
about  2,042  miles  of  Une,  142  miles  of  telephone  lines,  and  5  miles  of  submarine  wires 
Tabou  has  a  wireless  station. 

pa  e^568*^^^^  ^^  *^^  Vi^^d  States  with  the  Ivory  Coast,  see  under  French  West  Africa, 
Value  of  the  principal  articles  imported  into  the  colony  in  1913,  1915,  and  1916: 


Articles  Imported 


1913 


1915 


1916 


Biscuits,  sea 

Clonstruction  materials. 

Cotton  goods 

Flour 

Kerosene 

Rice 

Soap 

Spirits 

Sugar ] 

Tobacco: 

Leaf 

Manufactured 

Wines 

Other  articles 


Total. 


$32,210 

46.181 
805.408 

69.735 

31,528 
223,433 

47,639 
140,674 

34,626 

54.109 


40,247 
1,977,966 


$3,508,818 


$18,128 

223,346 
30,947 
39,774 

116,920 
41,902 

50,6919 
14,49 

63.653 


40,556 
741,805 


$1,382,221 


$3,781 
22.475 
518,165 
38,027 
44,855 
90,015 
76.141 
86,727 
28,671 

167,632 

21,011 

87,609 

1,043,412 


$2,228,521 


V^e  in  1913,  1915  and  1916  of  the  principal  articles  exported  from  the  Ivory  Coast: 


Articles  Exported 


1913 


1915 


1916 


Cocao. 


Hides 

Ivory 

Mahogany. ... 
Palm  kernels . 

Palm  oil 

Rubber 

Other  articles. 


Total. 


$16,966 


940,222 
455,815 
583,268 
992,332 
208,535 


$3,197,138 


$27,495 

$53,953 

20.789 

38,130 

7,664 

13,273 

306,846 

156,985 

329,177 

469,926 

441,224 

670,636 

182,174 

205,169 

70,180 

195,329 

$1,385,547 

$1,803,401 

MAURITANIA 

Mauritania  is  a  civilian  territory  under  the  command  of  a  commissioner  of  the  Gov- 
ernor General;  its  area  is  344,967  square  miles  and  its  population,  chiefly  Moorish  Mus- 
suhnans,  is  256,000.  Mauritania  is  composed  of  the  territories  of  Trarza,  Brakna  Gorgol 
Assaba,  Tichit,  Adrar,  Levrier  Bay,  and  Tagant.  ' 

For  trade  of  the  United  States  with  the  Ivory  Coast,  see  page  568. 


SENEGAL 


573 


SENEGAL 

Senegal  with  a  total  area  of  74,012  square  miles  and  a  population  of  1,  Wl  On- 

,    iv!  of  SoTs  Europeans)  consists  of  the  following  commum.es  and  temtones^    The 

r  mSi  ~— -  of  St.  Louis,  the  capital  of  tl.    -^^^JP^P'^""  ^ 

L-rr  Itlr  td^^Mlorron  each  .de  of  the  Da^ar^t.  Louis^wa. 
The  main  industries  of  Senegal  are  the  making  of  pottery,  weavmg^nck  m^g  and 
jewelry.  Ground  nut«,  miUet,  maize,  rice,  cocoanuts,  and  '='«*o' '^f .^f^J^'b^^^g 
^Zrom  the  Sahara  and  rubber  from  the  Casamance  nver.  A  =^'  '"^"^'iy^^^^^ 
deTdoS.  The  chief  imports  are  foodstuffs,  cotton,  metal  work  and  coal.  Exports  are 
peanuts,  rubber,  hides  and  skins.  .     ,    ^        ,.  Ti^oro 

fourth  belonging  to  a  South  American  company. 

The  railways  are  from  Dakar  to  Rufisque  and  St.  Louis  (165  miles),  and  from  Dayes 
to  the  Niger  (344  miles).  ,  ^    r      • 

The  River  Senegal  is  being  extensively  used  for  tr^.   ^''^^''Z:^' ^'^':,'^'':^ 

''"'' ForCe  of  the  United  State's  with  Senegal,  see  under  French  West  .^frica,  page  568. 

Commerce 
Principal  imports  into  Senegal  for  1913,  1915  and  1916: 


Articles 


1913 


1915 


1916 


Apparel 

Biscuits 

Coconuts 

Coal 

Cotton  goods 

Cotton  long  cloth ...... 

Construction  material.  . 

Flour 

Lumber 

Oil,  kerosene  and  other. 

Provisions 

Rice 

Silver  in  bars 

Spirits 

Beer 

Wines 

Sugar 

Tobacco: 

Leaf 

Manufactured.  . . . 
Other  articles 


Total. 


$270,522 
235,816 
893,467 
1,110,198 
3.778,325 
437,174 
282,551 
253.090 
244,709 
324,930 
117,840 
893,467 
419,414 

■410,477' 
64.862 
384,329 
1,046,112 

321,455 

56,557 

5,452,368 


$16,997,663 


$737,326 

149,230 

1,072.554 

2,451,277 

1,535,365 

449,512 

118.991 

280,452 

87,601 

230,646 

423,837 

994.891 

41.918 

"139,529" 
62,994 
326,765 
443.910 

451,118 

76,504 

3.679,574 

$13,753,994 


$1,139,559 
208,331 
1,189.051 
6,654,998 
3,652.841 
1,157.571 


554,016 
192,250 
169.818 
330,926 
580,397 

29,589 
271,008 
268,219 

96.508 
559,145 
619,492 

443.622 

129,291 

4,191.973 

$22,535,805 


.»*^- 


574 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


FRENCH  EQUATORIAL  AFRICA 


575 


Value  of  the  principal  articles  exported  from  Senegal  in  1913,  1915  and  1916: 

Articles 

1913 

1915 

1916 

Beef,  frosen 

$177,146 

30.250 

1,213 

296.317 

373,749 

133.088 

10,865,718 

28,836 

3.687,080 

$273,195 

Beeswax 

$30,407 

7,084 

411,117 

152,798 

146,750 

11.054,810 

91,662 

2,182,372 

Birds'  skins 

50,789 

Gum 

1|940 
474.379 

Hides 

Palm  kernels 

617.722 
123.430 

5.408.451 
63.119 

8,962.056 

Peanuts 

Rubber 

All  other  articles 

Total 

$14,077,000 

$15,593,397 

$15,875,081 

UPPER  SENEGAL  AND  NIGER 

The  colony  of  Upper  Senegal  and  Niger  is  practically  surrounded  by  the  French 
West  African  territories.  It  comprises  the  valley  of  the  Upper  Senegal,  more  than  two 
thirds  of  the  course  of  the  Niger,  the  whole  of  the  countries  inclosed  in  the  Great  Bend, 
and  a  large  part  of  the  Sahara  and  the  Algerian  sphere  of  influence;  area  568,273  square 
miles;  population  5,645,355  natives  and  1,054  Europeans. 

The  following  are  the  most  important  towns;  Auaghadougou  (population  8,736), 
Bamako,  the  capital,  (population  8,734),  Sikassa  (population  7825),  Segou  (population 
8,405),  Kayes  (population  5,820),  Djennd  (population  5,450),  Timbuktu  (population 
4,270),  Goundam  (population  3,200)  and  Moro  (population  3,400). 

The  Upper  Senegal-Niger  is  a  rich  cattle  country.  Large  stocks  of  cattle  abound 
there.  The  products  of  the  country  are  millet,  maize,  rice,  cotton,  ground  nuts,  castor 
oil  plants,  sesame,  rubber  and  kariti.  The  native  industries  are  pottery,  brick-making, 
jeweby,  weaving  and  leather  making.  The  imports  are,  cotton,  foodstuffs  and  metal 
work;  exports  are  ground  nuts,  cattle,  rubber,  gum,  kopak,  skins  and  wool. 

The  MiUtary  Territory  of  the  Niger  (Zinder-Chad),  although  administered  separ- 
ately, may  for  commercial  purposes  be  considered  a  part  of  Upper  Senegal  and  Niger. 

For  trade  of  the  United  States  with  Upper  Senegal  and  Niger,  see  under  French  West 
Africa,  page  568. 


FRENCH  EQUATORIAL  AFRICA 

(French  Congo) 

French  Congo  is  the  general  name  of  the  French  P;>--;-^^^^^^^  ^^ 

total  area  is  estimated  at  669,000  equare  miles,  population  at  9,000,000  iNegro 

r*^^-  .         M^  fKo  PaKnn  Colonv  (2)  The  Middle  Congo  Colony;  (3)  the  Ubangi- 

;j'cJ^:rr^.^:    SX^76^L.r^^^'^-    The  last  two  .a^ed  div.ions 

^"■"t^:  S;^'^''LS^eSapita.  of  the  Gabun  Colony;  Bra..aviUe,  ^at  of  the 
"e  chief  wealth  of  the  colony  is  in  the  products  of  its  forests,  and  ivory.  Among  the 
'"''^::^:^T^:^rn  'jSh  L^Zr  Bra.avU.e  with  Loango  and  .  in  co.- 

r?H:^so-t£=^:t:J:5-^^^^^^ 

r  r  avUle  and  I^..d^.e^^n  the  Chad  re,on  .e^^  -=lCrX":rtt 
Zg:l'dT^th'^;'trrnn:"ct  B^gui  with  Fort  Un.y ;  total  length  of  the  Une  in  opera- 

"°"  Ka'rl^  ^rtheast  of  Lake  Chad,  and  Wadai,  east  of  Kanem  both  came  under  F«nch 
,ro^Z2  i^Tm     The  latter  h;s  an  area  of  170,000  square  miles  and  a  sem...vdued 

"^'t^s  IT^^^to  theF^nch  Congo  by  parcel  post  via  France,  at  the  regular  12 

""*  pf  t?id":  :f  r U^^tr  with  French  Equatorial  Africa,  see  under  French  West 
Africa,  page  568. 


I 


FRENCH  SOMAIILAND 

French  Somaliland  is  situated  on  the  east  coast  of  Africa,  on  the  ^"^ 
at  the  entrance  to  the  Red  Sea,  and  lies  ^et-een  British  Somamanda^  tj^  It^ 
Colony  of  Eritrea.  Its  area  is  5,790  square  miles  and  the  P«Pf  t^nirnTlS  m 
principal  town  and  chief  port  is  Djibuti,  on  the  gul  of  Aden,  Ti'^'^VP^P'^''*  °°  "^^^d 
The  principal  industries  of  the  protectorate  are  salt  m.mng,  the  '^'^J^'^^^, 
the  t^tle  and  mother  of  pearl  fisheries  on  the  coast.  The  ~°"»f '"'J^^^^  M  ^^ 
land  is  considerable,  due  to  the  fact  that  the  majority  of  the  .mports  and  e^rU  of  Aby^ 
sinia  pass  through  the  port  of  Djibuti,  which  likewise  has  an  "^^  *^^'*^  ^^ 
The  principal  exporU  are  coffee,  hides,  wax,  ivory,  and  c.vet,  al  '»™"8  ♦^"^"^^ 
sinia       The  principal  imports  are  cotton  and  other  textiles,  coal,  beverages,  cereals,  and 

tobacco.  i.  J  •    miT 

There  are  salt  mines  in  SomaUland  from  which  13,158  tons  were  exported  m  1917. 


1   l! 


!!    i 


576 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


page 


For  trade  of  the  United  States  with  French  Somaliland,  see  under  French  West  Africa. 


Imports  by  articles  for  1915  and  1916: 


Articles 


1915 


1916 


Articles 


Horses 

Mules 

Meats,  preserved , 

Goat  skins 

Honey 

Butter 

Barley 

Flour 

Biscuits 

Rice 

Vegetables 

Potatoes 

Dourah 

Oil  seeds 

Dates 

Sugar 

Coffee 

Tobacco , 


1915 


Medicines 

Oil 

Onions 

Wines 

Liquors 

Cement 

Coal ; ; 

Steel,  iron,  galvanised . 

Wire 

Iron 

Copper  wire 

Antimony 

Sea  salt 

Nitrate  of  soda 

Naphthaline , 

Chemicals 

Perfumes 


S193 
530 
1,257 
52.798 
669 
51.705 
4.549 
33,097 
1,461 
43,628 
7,881 
1,830 
87,685 
2,282 
29,320 
54,940 
166,287 
38,314 
9,721 
7,778 
464 
3,727 
21,526 
12.443 
594 
379.293 
18.942 
11 


146 

566 

697 

6,5r,8 

2,070 

38.362 


$4,863 
2.702 
61,365 
69,538 
3,853 
88.546 
6.779 
89,395 
7,198 
118,977 
28,334 
10.182 
102,565 
4,839 
54,977 
135,447 
288,518 
92,868 
22.060 
21.111 
3,012 
6,674 
42,842 
18.336 
5,729 
1,644,872 
23,098 
6.195 
2.354 
11,631 
2,669 
2,703 
5,303 
29,191 
7,182 
9,552 


Soap 

Candles ,[ 

Crockery 

Glasses '  * 

Glassware 

Cotton  thread,  undyed. 

Jute  fabrics 

Sacks,  empty 

Cotton  cloth 

Cotton  cloth,  dyed 

Hosiery 

Cotton  trimmings. . .    , 

Silks ; 

Linens 

Covers 

Velvets 

Men's  clothes 

Paper  and  cardboard . . . 

Prepared  hides 

Shoes 

Leather  articles 

Locomotives 

Hides 

Butter 

Wheat [[ 

Olive  oil 

Other  oil 

Gums,  Arabic , 

Wines 

Absinthe  and  liquors .  .  . 

Alcohol 

Petroleum 

Cotton  thread 

Cotton  fabrics '. 

All  other  articles 


$565 

5,343 

4,343 

124 

5,037 

12,329 

38 

56,515 

1,641,295 

170,211 

4.733 

1.035 

11.553 

314 

125 

13.341 

2.919 

6,534 

17.786 

4.641 

190 

"'15.088' 

3,311 

3,700 

13,211 

6,238 

11,388 

7.018 

7,529 

2.904 

38,398 

162,209 

683.834 

27.982 


Table  of  imports  by  countries  of  origin  for  two  years: 


Coimtries 


1915 


1916 


Countries 


1915 


France 

French  colonies. 

England 

English  colonies. 

Italy 

Egypt 

Arabia 

China 


$270,363 

8.536 

777.611 

3,294,345 


47.165 
14.742 
13.183 


$589,802 

56.683 

1.325.997 

4.418,641 

19,449 

59,922 

145,793 

27,475 


Japan 

Portuguese  colonies . 

United  States 

Abyssinia 

Other  countries 

Totals 


$1,584 

5l',36i 
87,676 
85,991 


$4,652,497 


Classification  of  exports  for  two  years: 


Exports 


Transit 


Re-exportation 


1915. 
1916. 


$32,500 
51,121 


$7,138,672 
7.494,391 


$741,063 
2,418,141 


1916 


$3,099 

10,233 

6,705 

2,729 

7,358 

44.243 

2,798 

63,424 

2,325,180 

449,080 

13,129 

6,388 

17,002 

8,121 

7,040 

19,045 

7,392 

15,057 

22,370 

17,836 

4,224 

4,699 

18,4f)6 

5.640 

5.690 

22.597 

16,848 

14,509 

16,362 

17,030 

6.912 

58,890 

255,147 

716.656 

88.714 


1916 


$206,080 
363,588 


185,118 
174,543 


$7,573,091 


Total 


$7,912,235 
9,963,653 


FRENCH  EQUATORIAL  AFRICA 


577 


Table  of  exports  by  articles  and  countries  of  destination: 


Articles 


France 


French 
Colonies 


England 


English 
Colonies 


Italy 


Italian 
Colonies 


Horses 

Cattle..  ..•••• 

Sheep  and  goats 

Fresh  meat 

Hides: 

Cows 

Sheep 

Other 

Feathers 

Wax 

Butter 

Civet , , 

Elephants'  tusks.  .  . 

Wheat 

Vegetables,  dry.  .  .  . 

Pot  atoes 

Coffee 

Rubber 

Plants  of  dye 

Gold  nuggets 


$579 
144 


228,807 

30,118 

880 

149,692  ■ 

■*V,264' 
4,128 


658,389 


$3,242 

1.444 

720 


1 

719' 


82.634 


7,215 


154 


154 
17,623' 


41,916 


$153 

39 

628 

40 

857,629 

554,757 

10,067 

746 

94,634 

43,870 

38,075 

112,574 

469 

10,307 

2,431 

804,911 

3,073 

15,639 


$3S 

8 


224,950 

8,784 
193 


9,436 


•  •  ■   •   • 

•  •   •   •   • 


3,937 

•  ••••• 

'    "21* 
28 


OTHER  FRENCH  POSSESSIONS  IN  AFRICA 

ALGERIA 

A  country  and  possession  of  France  in  northern  Africa,  bordering  the  Mediterranean, 
and  bounded  on  the  west  by  Morocco,  on  the  east  by  Tunis,  and  on  the  south  by  the 
Sahara.  Its  area  is  sUghtly  smaller  than  the  combined  states  of  New  England  New  York 
New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania,  Maryland,  Delaware,  Virginia,  West  Virgmia,  Ohio,  North 
and  South  CaroUna.  The  principal  cities  are  Algiers,  the  capital  and  chief  port,  Gran, 
the  second  largest  port,  and  Constantine,  an  inland  city. 

The  principal  industries  of  Algeria  are  agriculture  and  mming.  The  principal  agri- 
cultural products  are  wheat,  barley,  oats,  tobacco,  cotton,  fruits,  especially  oranges,  and 
vegetables.  Grapes  and  ohves  are  extensively  cultivated.  Wine  makmg  and  the  pro- 
duction of  oUve  oU  are  Important  industries.  Large  quantities  of  "vegetable  horsehair 
are  made  from  the  leaf  of  the  dwarf  pahn,  and  esparto  grass  is  extensively  gathered  for 
subsequent  use  in  the  manufaxjture  of  certain  kinds  of  paper.  The  fisheries  of  the  sea 
coast  are  of  some  importance. 

The  mineral  wealth  of  Algeria  is  considerable,  and  the  most  important  products  are 
iron  and  zinc,  mined  chiefly  in  the  department  of  Constantine;  phosphate,  worked  at 
Tebessa,  Setif,  GueUna  and  Ain  Beida;  lignite,  mined  in  the  department  of  Algiers,  and 
petroleum,  in  the  department  of  Oran.  Onyx  and  white  and  red  marble  are  quamed. 
Algiers  is  provided  with  an  extensive  system  of  railways,  the  most  important  Une 
being  the  trunk  raUway  which  runs  from  the  frontier  of  Morocco  across  Algena  to  the 
city  of  Tunis,  in  Tunis,  with  branch  lines  connecting  the  seaports  with  the  trunk  line 
and  with  the  towns  to  the  south.    Several  Unes  likewise  penetrate  into  the  Sahara. 


^* 


lii 


i 


\ 


578 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


The  per  capita  imports  of  Algeria  in  1918  amounted  to  121.46.    The  per  capita  ej. 
ports  of  Algeria  in  the  same  year  amounted  to  $24.75. 


Area  and  Population 
The  population  of  Algeria  is  172,397.    Other  towns,  with  their  population  in  1912  are- 
Oran,  123,086;  Constantine,  65,173;  Bone,  42,039;  Sidibe  Abbes,  30,942;  Plenician,  39874 
Setif,  36,261.    The  total  population  of  Algeria  is  5,563,828.    The  total  area  of  Algeria  i^ 
343,500  square  miles. 

Commerce 
For  trade  of  the  United  States  with  Algeria,  see  under  French  West  Africa,  page  568. 
Totals  of  imports  and  exports  for  6  years : 


Year 


Imports 


Exports 


Year 


Imports 


Exports 


1913 
1914 
1915 


$129,723,120 

102.485.040 

91.120.140 


$97,423,560 

72.822,240 

104.387,940 


1916 
1917 
1918 


$103,785,300 
106,920.000 
119.351,880 


$103,785,300 
137,635,200 
137.717,820 


In  1917,  67.8  per  cent  of  the  imports  came  from  France,  and  81.3  of  the  exports  went 
to  France. 


Chief  imports  and  exports  for  3  years: 


Imports 


Articles 


1914 


1915 


1916 


Cottons 

Woolens 

Clothing  and  linen 

Skins  and  manufactures  of 

Machinery  and  parts 

Other  metal  worka 

Furniture  and  woodwork. . 

Toys  and  brushes 

Paper,  etc 

Coal 

Sugar 

Vegetable  oil 

Iron  and  steel 

Cofifee 


$8,748,883 
1,109,750 
2,781.323 
2.921.634 
5.767,805 
3.877,563 
3,600,801 
1,168.229 
3,320,629 
145,715 
2,781,286 
2,217,763 
1.839,290 
2,567.865 


$11,644,848 

$17,209,424 

1,521.033 

423.512 

2.055.450 

3,996,644 

2,694,859 

3,415.135 

2,160.635 

2.266.399 

2,015.885 

1.983.2t;s 

5,273,146 

3.465,920 

1,733.526 

1.217,251 

3.902.653 

4,390.943 

3,604,298 

3,772.764 

4,471.231 

4.221.682 

2,101,577 

1.087,555 

924.084 

1,369.142 

2,662,242 

2.776.691 

Exports 


Articles 


1914 


1915 


1916 


Sheep 

Hides  and  skins 

Wool 

Wheat 

Oats 

Barley 

Olive  oil 

Cork 

Wine 

Phosphates , . . . . 

Iron  ore 

Zinc  ore 

Fruit 

Tobacco,  cigars . 


$5,559,558 
1,553,457 
1,889,866 
7,710.157 
2,593.727 
2,919,511 
1,109,750 
1,987,707 

18,757,863 
2,056,222 
2,862.190 
1.399.636 
2,537.371 
2,556,671 


$8,397,816 
1,660,186 
3,803,644 
6,719.874 
2,247.292 
1.420.094 
1,428,393 
952.262 

40,071.239 
1,083.871 
2.243.818 
810.407 
2.938,232 
4,107,755 


$6,185,071 
1,767,494 
2,199,235 
4.571,977 
4.789.488 
6,584.581 
2.136,703 
1,285.187 

60.099.712 
1.834,465 
2,572,690 
1,398,092 
3,354,919 
4,303,707 


ALGERIA 


579 


Production  and  Industry 
Algeria  is  noted  for  the  fertility  of  its  soil.  Over  two-thirds  of  the  inhabitants  are  en- 
a^d  in  agricultural  pursuits  and  more  than  7,500,000  acres  are  devoted  to  the  cultivation 
ofcereals;  wheat,  barley  and  oats  being  the  principal  crops.  The  soil  everywhere  favors 
the  erowth  of  the  vine.  Olives  and  tobacco  are  cultivated  with  success.  Large  quantities 
nf  veeetables  are  likewise  grown,  and  an  imitation  horeshair,  an  exceUent  fibre  is  made 
?rom  the  leaves  of  dwarf  palm.    The  wine  yield  for  1918  was  175,088,563  gallons.     In 

1Q16  432  acres  of  cotton  were  sown.  ,  . ,  „  «^«      ^.i 

There  are  in  Algeria  226,764  horses,  192,484  mules,  279,315  asses,  1,113,952  catUe, 

8  528,610  sheep,  3,861,847  goats  and  110,012  pigs. 

'     Over  11  000  square  miles  of  the  mountainous  country  near  the  coast  are  covered 
with  various 'species  of  oak,  pine,  fir,  cedar,  ehn,  ash,  maple  and  oUve.    Cork,  carob  and 

fig  trees  are  also  very  common.  c  v.      a    umi 

There  are  large  fisheries  for  sardines,  allaches,  anchovies,  sprats,  tunny  fish  and  sheU 
fish.    In  1917,  3,480  persons  and  913  boats  of  3,480  tons  were  employed  m  fishing.    The 
total  value  of  the  fish  catch  was  $140,037. 
Shippmg^.^^^^  1,906  vessels  of  1,962,833  tons  net  entered  Algerian  ports  in  French  and 

^^'^^'on^January  1,  1918,  the  mercantUe  marine  of  Algiers  consisted  of  1,322  vessels  of 

17,486  tons  net.    There  are  3,310  mUes  of  national  roads. 

Rflilwavs  * 

There  are  (1917)  2,172  mUes  of  raQway  open  for  traffic  (exclusive  of  lines  on  Tunisian 

territory),  807  miles  of  which  are  privately  owned. 

Post  Offices:  .  *,  «^o  cto 

In  1917,  there  were  712  post  offices;  postal  receipts  were  $l,07d,57J. 

Telegraph  and  Telephone:  ,  ^^  , ..,     -i       c 

There  were  in  1917  9,151  mUes  of  telegraph  fines  in  Algena  and  25,147  miles  of  wire, 
with  786  offices.  The  receipts  were  2,732,307.  January  1,  1916,  there  were  8,010  sub- 
scribers to  telephones.  There  are  5,568  mUes  of  urban  line  and  13,085  miles  of  mterurban 
lines.     Total  receipts  were  $304,864.  «,.,...       j    ^  ai  • 

Consular  representaUves:    United  States  has  a  consular  oflScial  stationed  at  Algiers. 
Money,  weights  and  measures:    French  money,  weights  and  measures  are  used. 
Language:    French  is  the  commercial  language  of  Algeria. 

Local  Advertising  Media:  ,,.      .        .    .,         .-      i  ^ 

There  are  several  French  daily  papers  and  several  publications  in  the  native  language. 

Shipping  routes: 

Fabre  Line 

Independent  S.S.  Corp. 
Customs  tariff:    French  tariff  prevails. 
Consular  regulations:    Same  as  for  France. 

Cable  rates :    From  New  York  or  New  England  States,  $0.32  per  word. 
Postal  rates:    Postal  Union  rates. 
Mail  time :    Eleven  days. 

^""'Ser^'cfextends  to  Algiers,  with  fm^  regulations  as  g^^^^^^^ 

weight,  11  pounds.    Two  customs  declarations  must  be  attached  to  each  package,  rareeis 

cannot  be  registered. 

Money  orders:    Issued. 

International  reply  coupons:    Issued. 


u 


III 


i  . 

HI 


!     1 


580 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


MADAGASCAR 


581 


THE  CAMEROONS 

(See  KameruD,  page  657). 

MADAGASCAR 

Area  and  Population 

Madagascar,  the  third  largest  island  in  the  world,  situated  in  the  Indian  Ocean,  has 
since  1896  been  a  French  colony.  Its  area  is  228,000  square  miles,  population  3,545,264, 
of  whom  15,157  are  French,  2,101  European,  5,272  Hindus,  1,007  Chinese,  631  African 
and  3,520,096  are  Malagasy.    A  Governor  General  is  at  the  head  of  the  administration. 

The  Island  may  be  divided  into  three  tnbal  territories.  (1)  Eastern:  Antankdrani, 
in  the  north;  along  the  coast  of  the  coxmtry  of  the  B^tsimisdrak,  and  the  B^sdnazdno 
country;  and  to  the  south  the  districts  of  Taimbahodka,  the  Taim6ro,  the  Taifdsy  and 
the  Taisdka  and  to  the  southeast  Tan6sy.  (2)  Central:  the  districts  of  Tsimih^ty  and 
the  Sihdnaka;  Im^rina,  the  Hova  province;  the  Betsil6o;  the  Tanala,  the  Bara  and  the 
emigrant  Tanosy.  (3)  Western:  from  the  north  to  the  southern  extremities  of  the  island, 
the  tribe  known  as  the  Sakolava,  subdivided  into  smaller  tribes,  south  of  these  the  Maha- 
faly  and  the  Tandray. 

The  capital  of  Madagascar  is  Antananariva  (population  63,115).  The  chief  seaport 
is  Tamatane  (population  8,647),  Mojunga  or  Mojangd  (population  7,205),  and  Diego- 
Suarez  (population  19,377).  On  the  northwest  coast  are  important  ports  for  foreign 
trade.  Other  large  towns  are  Fianarantsoa  (population  8,231),  Ambositra  (population 
3,580),  Tulcar  (population  2,467),  Manangary  (population  8,927),  Marcantsetra  (pop- 
ulation 3,294). 

Commerce 
Eleven  year  table  of  the  total  foreign  trade  of  the  United  States  with  Madagascar: 


Year 
Ended 

Exports 

Imports 

Excess  of 
Exports  (+) 

June 
30 

Domestic 

Foreign 

Total 

Free 

Dutiable 

Total 

Per 
Cent. 
Free 

or 
Imports  (-) 

1909 

$16,640 
7,731 
14,294 
36,779 
3,804 
25,795 
57,269 

392,290 
97,454 

149,344 

$16,640 
7,731 
14,294 
36.779 
3,804 
25,795 
57,269 

395,286 
97,454 

149,344 

539,656 

$4,027 
2,363 
58,496 
41,884 
41,812 
12,939 
35,635 
55.856 
97,245 

$351 

4,263 

3,079 

982 

$4,378 

6,626 

61,575 

42,866 

41,812 

13,095 

45,733 

104,566 

186,432 

25,298 

26,979 

91.98 
35.66 
95.00 
97.71 
100.00 
98.81 
77.92 
53.42 
52.16 

*$12.262 

1910 

+1.105 

1911 

-47,281 

1912. . 
1913 

-6,0S7 
-.38,00*^ 

1914 

156 
10,098 
48,710 
89,187 
25,298 

♦12,700 

1915 

♦11,536 

1916.. 
1917 

2,996 

♦29O.720 
-88,97S 

1918.. 
1919.. 

♦124,046 
♦512.677 

Total  value  of  Madagascar  imports  and  exports  for  five  years: 


1913 

1914 

1915 

1915 

1917 

Imports   

$9,087,714 
10.897,092 

$9,206,132 
9,206,633 

$8,505,456 
9,927,249 

$19,670,487 
16,256.954 

$26,399,809 

Exports   

16,758,825 

Imports  during  two  years  by  classification  of  articles: 


Arms  and  ammumtion .... 

Bags  ^^^  ^^** 

Beverages 

Breadstuff  8 : 

Flour 

Potatoes 

Rice 

Other 

Cement.. 

Chemicals 

Clothing 

Coal  (est.) • 

Cotton  piece  goods 

Household  effects 

Lime  hydrated 

Machinery 

Matches 

Dairy  products 

Margarine  and  greases. . .  •  •  | 
Ikleats,  salted  and  preserved 

Medicinal  compounds 

Metals: 

Cutlery 

Ironmongery 

Locks 

Naib 


$51,332 

986,955 

1,051.423 

169,792 
10.029 
6,057 
22,729 
129,733 
161,811 
2.180,834 
1,045.617 
7.810,418 
568,503 
25.358 
418,412 
28.624 
55,618 
19.674 
18,063 
69.615 


12.755 

222,714 

11,766 

74.580 


$25,705 
543.857 
752.943 

223.125 
2,637 
818 
25,961 
161,133 
202,685 
9,556,694 
1,574,305 
5,569,131 
1,005,761 
24,659 
368.837 
54,698 
50,331 
15,962 
9,010 
54,629 


15,553 
258,496 

10,366 
107.887 


Screws  and  hinges 

Tools 

Other 

Other  metals 

oas: 

Olive •••• .•■ 

Petroleum  and  other  min- 
eral   

Paints  and  dyes 

Paper  and  appliances 

Shoes 

Silk  goods 

Soap  uncented 

Sugar 

Textiles 

Tobacco,  manufactures .  . . 

Toys 

Wood: 

Manufactured 

Unmanufactured 

Woolen  goods 

Yarns • 

All  other  articles 


Total. 


$28,995 
76,608 
917,316 
709,605 

41.435 

156.003 
83.847 
512,246 
130.009 
130.535 
150.756 
164.576 

64.971 
146.600 

39,497 

104,538 
32,372 
368.539 
149.202 
510,405 


$19,670,487 


$19,200 
85,992 
899.797 
339.537 

48.399 

217.794 

95.482 

663.107 

149.734 

184,618 

158.055 

278.275 

37.662 

159,672 

72.445 

140,120 

2,135 

391.274 

155,957 

1,685,354 

$26,399,809 


Imports  and  exports  by  articles  and  countries  in  1917: 


Imports 


France 


French 
Colonies 


England 


British 
Colonies 


United 
States 


Other 
Countries 


Animal  produce  and  by-products 

Arms  and  ammunition 

Beverages 

Breadstuff  s 

Chemicals 

Colonial  produce 

Esparto  and  wicker  wax 

Fabrics 

Fish 

Fruits  and  seeds 

Glass  and  crystal 

Leather  and  leather  articles^ .. ...  •• 
Marble,  stone,  earth,  and  combustible 
materials 

Metals: 

Manufactured 

Other ;•  • 

Miscellaneous  compounds 
Miscellaneous     products 

products 

Paints  and  dyes 

Paper  and  appliances ... 

Pottery •,•.•.•• 

Vegetable  oils  and  jmces. 
Wood: 

Manufactured 

Other 

Yams 

All  other  articles 

Total  imports 


and  by- 


$55,501 
12,099 
474,257 
50,654 
154,102 
109,175 
22,442 
1.295,196 
14,076 
7,578 
28,367 
1,236,534 

143,605 


1,786,856 
275.598 
159,308 


10,502 
85,462 
96,313 
14,524 
82,873 

129,814 

1,409 

124,611 

502,408 


$462 
377 
238,031 
2,159 
41 
363,877 
1,975 
721,500 
735 
17 
323 
36,588 

280 


1,475 

198 

1.318 

220 

147 

69.008 

110 

1,516 

732 


$2,448 
10.766 


1,812 
8,067 


3,605 

7,218 

1 

612,215 

136 

64 

2.184 

2.940 

283,850 

116.463 

6.258 

22,925 


209 

5,332 

6,921 

98 

49| 

718 

5 

3,849 

52,264 


$17,069 
13,176 
28,959 
199,200 
6,026 
26,361 
367 
1.904,939 
4.917 
4,483 
8,073 
20,642| 

223,304 

157,532 

45,423 

101.387 


3,157 

5,930 

80,322 

13,081 

35,435 

3,580 

33 

23,485 

114,863 


$876 


$1,659 


177,498 


1,097 

529 

38,921 

448 


174 

9 

463 

135,074 

147,227 
10,035 


16 

2,051 

324 

1.275,546 


53 

257 

3,365 

1,963 

185 

7,057 


1.799 
517 

4.257 


21,162 

187 

2,447 


1,181 


926 
2,212 


41 


^ 


I 


t 


582 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Exports  by  articles  and  countries  in 

1917: 

EXPOBTB 

France 

French 
Colonies 

England 

British 
Colonies 

United 
States 

Other 
Countries 

Animal  produce  and  by-products .... 

Animals,  live,  (chiefly  beeves) 

Beverages   . .    . 

$6,377,373 

35.452 

24.456 

285.067 

1,273,533 

1,887 

112.841 

79,277 

608,828 

1.262 

25.609 

2.689.989 
3.374 

117.790 
544.156 
208,493 

14,570 
17.045 
91.671 

10.510 

1.020 

21.623 

$327,231 

18,369 

3,739 

341,069 

66,035 

6,i86 

$84,559 

88 

674 

1,216.762 

208 

22,113 
52 

$149,625 

55,924 

4,837 

229,832 

1,071 

4,837 

1,804 

28,915 

13,222 

16,997 

4.461 

2,403 
18,353 

1,895 
628 
217 

3,501 

763 

4,607 

8,762 

$30,977 
8,673 

Breadstuffs 

$78,292 

16.611 

Colonial  products 

28,931 

Dyee   and   tanning  material  (chiefly 

mangrove  bark) 

Esparto  and  wicker  wax 

6,631 
12.157 

Fabrics 

libers,  stems  and  fruits  for  manufac- 
turing purposes 

14,939 

35 
1,762 
6,424 

23 

40.762 

1 
3 

985,468 
182 

31.925 

1 

89 
2,292 

Ksh   . 

Fruits  and  seeds 

226 

Marble,  stone,  earths  and  combustible 
minerals 

8 

Materials  for  carving 

209 

Metals: 

Manufactured 

Other  (chiefly  gold) 

2,559 
187 
211 

286 

16,961 

451 

8,192 

3.622 

12.805 

66 

Miscellaneous  compounds 

Miscellaneous     products     and     by- 
products  

Paper  and  aoDliances 

'  ■  "  24,i64 
6 

478 

2.309 

Vegetable  oils  and  juices 

Wood: 

Manufactured 

Other 

V.748 

At  eoo 

18 
1,028 

2,242 

All  other  articles 

2,037 

' "  "  16,662 

2.163 

Total 

$12,545,936 

$875,094 

$2,410,750 

$78,293 

$612,857 

$113,987 

Principal  articles  of  export  for  two  years 


Articles 


1916 


1917 


Articles 


Animals,  live,  beeves.  . . 

Other 

Bark,  mangrove 

Beeswax 

Breadstuffs : 

Corn 

Manioc-Fecula 

Flour 

Raw  or  dried  Manioc. 

Tapioca 

Rice 

Cocoa 

Cloves 

Coffee 

Couindumm 

Gold  dust 

Graphite , 

Hides 

Meat  Products: 

Lard 


1916 


$121,931 

12,168 

50,365 

485,906 

43,172 

149,697 

88,787 

289.884 

39,902 

1,200.667 

39,427 

78.903 

231.777 

88.713 

839.718 

2,276,225 

2,886,300 

430,717 


1917 


$112,767 

5,740 

39,488 

305,274 

20,511 

138,715 
58,377 
43,964 
73.908 

340.674 
36.064 
33,614 

225,726 
39,995 

533.428 
2.417.738 
1,682.267 

463,677 


Meats: 

Canned 

Froren,  salted,  smoked  etc 

Tallow 

Minerals 

Oil.  fruits  and  seeds '. 

Oils,  volatile  or  essential . . . 
Kaffia: 

Fiber 

Rabannax  woven  fiber. . . 

Rubber 

Timber: 

Ebony 

Other '.'.'.'.'.'. 

Vanilla 

Vegetables,  Dried: 

Lima  beans 

Other 

All  other  articles 


Total. 


$1,481,304 

827.9(M 

130.549 

658.356 

20.662 

65.449 

501.953 
32.833 
67,266 

29,253 

45,769 

836,257 

473,612 
868,416 
912,966 


$16,306,823 


$1,971,074 

2,391,245 

115,467 

1.231.844 

27.572 

68.965 

639.494 
10.415 
24,601 

2,611 

47,709 

1,075,685 

1,465,541 
149,008 
834,950 


$16,628,124 


Imports  and  exports  by  countries  for  four  years: 


From 


Imports 


1914 


1915 


1916 


1917 


France 

French  colonies .  .  . 
United  Kingdom.  . 
British  possessions 
Germany 


$7,287,472 
422,912 
687,437 
397.368 
120,921 


$4,646,053 

968,758 

966,065 

889,039 

3,703 


$11,928,607 
1,9.32.885 
1.709,615 
2,909,667 


$19,051,938 
1,461,630 
1.148,733 
3,063,447 


Continued  on  page  583 


MADAGASCAR 


583 


=     H      fabU  Continued: 


To 


EXPOBT0 


1914 


1915 


1916 


1917 


France.... .  ■. 

French  colonies... 
United  Kingdom . 
British  possessions 
Germany 


$6,032,883 
396,410 

1,012,231 
374,657 

1.017,902 


$9,695,320 
618.716 
959,189 
776.603 


$11,941,228 
1,130,086 
1,934,445 
1,183,911 


$12,636,942 

881,438 

2,428.245 

617,322 


Production  and  Industry 

The  forests  of  Madagascar  are  estimated  to  cover  30,000  square  miles.  They  contain 
a  large  variety  of  hard  wooded  and  valuable  timber  trees.  There  are  also  many  varieties 
of  palms.  The  most  important  of  the  crops  is  rice;  other  crops  raised  are  maize,  millet, 
manioc,  yams,  sweet  potatoes,  arrow  root  and  various  vegetables.  Other  products  are, 
coffee,  sugar  cane,  indigo,  vanilla,  tobacco,  cotton,  hemp,  gourds,  dye  woods,  gums,  mul- 
berry and  other  trees  and  plants  for  silk  culture,  as  weU  as  spices,  such  as  ginger,  capsicum, 

etc. 

The  rearing  of  cattle  and  the  dressing  of  hides,  the  collection  of  rubber  and  bee 
culture  are  important  industries. 

Madagascar  has  considerable  mineral  wealth.  Gold  is  found  in  the  region  of  the 
crystalhne  rocks  in  the  north,  in  a  strip  of  country  running  parallel  with  the  east  coast. 
Silver  and  platinum  have  also  been  found.  Iron  is  abundant.  Other  minerals  found  in 
Madagascar  are  copper,  zinc,  lead,  nickel,  antimony  and  manganese.  The  foUowing 
precious  stones  are  reported;  corundum  (rubies  and  sapphires),  beryl,  topaz  zireon,  garnet, 
Amazon  stone  and  tourmaline.  Bitumen  and  petrol  have  been  found,  graphite  is  plenti- 
ful and  sulphur,  salt,  saltpetre,  and  lime  are  also  procured.  Coal  has  been  found  in  the 
valley  of  Sakameira. 

Cattle  breeding  and  agriculture  are  the  chief  occupations  of  the  people.  There  were 
on  Dec.  31, 1916,  6,911,947  cattle  in  the  island,  2,930  horses,  308,751  sheep,  199,657  goats, 
680  ostriches  and  543,585  pigs. 

Important  industries  are  the  weaving  of  silk  and  cotton,  the  working  of  metal  and 
the  making  of  Panama  and  other  hats.  Preparation  of  sugar,  rice,  soap,  beer,  as  well 
as  the  canning  of  meat  are  being  undertaken  by  Europeans.  There  are  meat  preserving 
factories  at  Boanamary  (Majunga)  Diego-Suarez,  Tamatave,  Antananarivo  and  Antsirabe. 

The  total  railway  mUeage  of  Madagascar,  June  30th  1918,  was  245  mUes.  The 
through  raOway  line  between  Antananarivo  and  Tamatave  229  mUes  in  length  was  opened 
in  1913.  A  railroad  is  under  construction  between  Antananarivo  and  Antsirabe,  eleven 
mUes  of  which  are  open.  The  last  named  city  is  noted  for  its  thermal  springs.  A  branch 
of  the  Tamatave  raUway  from  Moramanga  to  Butsihanaka  province  was  opened  for  traffic 
1917,  as  far  as  Anosiroa,  a  distance  of  61  miles.  At  the  end  of  1915  there  were  1,543  miles 
of  macadamized  roads.  Motor  cars  are  being  increasingly  used  for  mail  and  passenger 
service.  A  fortnightly  service  of  motor  cars  has  been  established  between  Antananarivo 
and  Fianarantosa,  capital  of  the  southern  province  (259  miles)  and  Mananjary  on  the 
east  coast  (328  miles).  Wagon  roads  have  been  made  from  Tamatave  to  Antananarivo, 
from  there  to  Inaevatanana,  and  between  most  of  the  military  posts. 


'I 


frf 


{■ 


t 


584 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


There  is  postal  communication  throughout  the  island.  The  telegraph  hne  had  in 
December  31,  1915,  a  length  of  4,166  miles  and  6,083  miles  of  wire.  There  were  366,521 
telegrams  sent  in  1918. 

There  is  cable  communication  to  Mozambique,  Mauritius,  Reunion  and  Aden.  In 
1915  there  were  107  miles  of  urban  telephone  line,  1,023  miles  of  intenirban  circuits  and 
three  government  wireless  stations. 

Language :     French  is  the  commercial  language  of  Madagascar. 

Shipping  routes: 

Union-Clan  Line. 
American  &  African  S.  S.  Line. 
Prince  Line. 
Houston  Line 

Customs  tariff:    French  tariff  with  a  few  exceptions. 

Consular  regulations:    No  consular  documents  are  required. 

Cable  rates:    From  New  York  or  New  England  states,  $0.90  per  word. 

Postal  rates:    Postal  Union  rates. 

Mail  time :    Via  Paris,  29  days. 

Parcels  Post: 

Goods  can  be  sent  by  parcel  post  to  Madagascar  via  France  at  the  regular  12  cent 
rate  plus  an  extra  transit  charge. 

Money  orders:    Not  issued. 

International  reply  coupons:    Not  issued. 

Consular  representatives:    United  States  has  a  consul  at  Antananarivo. 

COMORO  ISLANDS 

Attached  to  the  general  government  of  Madagascar  is  the  Archipelago  of  the  Comoro 
Islands,  comprising  Mayotta,  Anjouan,  Grande  Comore,  and  MoheU.  The  island  of 
Mayotta  has  an  area  of  140  square  miles.  Its  population  is  approximately  13,500.  There 
is  an  increasing  emigration  to  Zanzibar  and  Madagascar.  The  chief  product  is  vanilla; 
sugar  is  also  raised.  There  are  two  sugar  works  and  two  distilleries  for  rum.  Besides 
vanilla  and  sugar,  cocao,  aloes  and  p)erfume  plants  are  cultivated. 

Grande  Comore,  Moheli,  Anjouan,  and  some  of  the  smaller  islands  have  an  area  of 
about  650  square  miles  and  a  population  of  84,117  (1914).  Vanilla  plants  and  cocao  are 
cultivated.  There  is  a  fine  forest  in  Grande  Comore.  Timber  for  building  and  railway 
sleepers  is  exported. 

Imports  are  cotton  fabrics,  metals  and  rice.    Exports  are  hides,  sugar  and  vanilla. 

For  trade  of  the  United  States  with  the  Comoro  Islands,  see  under  French  West  Africa 
page  568. 

REUNION 

Reunion  is  a  French  island  possession,  situated  about  400  miles  east  of  Madagascar 
in  the  Indian  Ocean.  Total  area  621,000  acres,  population  173,822.  St.  Denis  is  the 
capital  and  principal  town.  It  has  a  population  of  24,000,  and  is  situated  25  miles  from 
Pointe  des  Galets,  the  leading  port.  Other  towns  are  St.  Pierre  (population  29,000), 
St.  Paul  (population  19,000),  St.  Louis  (population  13,000),  St.  Andre  (population  11,000) 
and  St.  Beniot  (population  10,000). 


REUNION 


585 


Reunion's  resources  are  agricultural.  210,000  acres  of  the  total  area  are  under  culti- 
vatio^  The  cS^f  "rops  are  s^r-cane,  corn,  manioc,  coff^,  vanilla  geramum  and  other 
M  oU  and  essence  plants.    There  are  150,000  acres  of  forest  land. 

There  are  20  sugar  factories  in  Reunion,  which  handle  500,«)0me^"2^^         of  cane 
n«r  vear  and  8  tapioca  and  fecula  establisments,  handhng  from  18,000  to  20,000   tons  ot 
rjrknnuaUy  which  produce  from  3,600  to  4,000  tons  o^.  ^^^  J^ /^^^^^^ 
^al  production  of  rum  amounts  to  1,250,000  gaUons  of  which  100,000  gaUons  are 

'^'11T977'74  vessels  of  156,454  tons  entered  and  74  vessels  of  162,876  t«ns  cleared  the 

ports  of  Reunion.  .     .    oi 

The  Tamatave-Reunion-Mauritius  Telegraph  Cable  is  open  for  traffic. 
For  trade  of  the  United  States  with  Reunion,  see  under  French  West  Africa,  page  568^ 
Comparison  of  the  values  of  the  principal  articles  imported  and   exported  m  1916 

and  1917: 


Articles  Imported 


1916 


1917 


Articles  Exported 


1916 


1917 


Fbur 

Rioe 

Coal 

Cotton  piece  goods 

Lard , ,•, 

Petroleum  and  gasoUne . . . 

Boap 

Wine 

All  other  articles 


Total. 


$102,485 

1,089,802 

319,579 

690,588 

187,529 

28,506 

179,984 

114,901 

1,802,260 


$88,642 

807,689 

294,797 

635,535 

348,659 

79,600 

74,937 

124,197 

1.792,297 


$4,515,634 


$4,246,353 


Cofifee 

Fecula 

Tapioca 

Geranium  oils .  .  . 

Other  oils 

Rum 

Sugar 

Tobacco 

Vanilla •  •  • 

All  other  articles. 


Total. 


$13,103 

11,441 

301,686 

383,253 

34,726 

424,047 

4.615,876 

121.145 

268.871 

228,532 


$1,828 

3.393 

10.691 

435.119 

103.877 

426,348 

3,417.899 

142.421 

253.303 

374,139 


$6,402,680 


$5,169,108 


TUNIS 

A  territory  on  the  north  coast  of  Africa,  bordering  on  the  Mediterranean  Sea.  Tubis 
is  a  i>^ession'of  France,  and  is  termed  a  Regency.  Area  64,600  squar.  mile.  Pop^da- 
tion,T953,000.  Principal  city  and  capital,  Tunis;  P^P^^^^^.^^^^^fJ^f^^Q.  ^^^^ 
tow;s  ;f  importance  are  Sfax,  population,  85,000;  Sousse,  P-P^J^^^^^^^^^"*  .'f^^ 
locate  in  the  Sahel,  and  centers  of  trade  in  oil,  soap  and  ^^^^^'"^'.^^^jJ^Z 
has  an  estimated  population  of  25,000.  is  a  naval  base,  and  is  of  growing  importance  as 

an  ore  port  and  coaling  station.  ^ 

For  trade  of  the  United  States  with  Tunis,  see  under  French  West  Africa,  page  068. 

Total  values  of  the  foreign  commerce  of  Tunis  for  ten  years: 


Year 


Imports 


Exports 


Total 


1908. 

1909. 

1910 

1911 

1912 

1913 

1914 

1915 

1916 

1917 


$23,744,431 
22.088,226 
20,360,978 
23,484,901 
30,164,742 
27,841,153 
25,570.152 
20,698,601 
25,911,414 
27,414,045 


$18,171,916 
21,069,054 
23,237,409 
27,726,537 
29,848,451 
34,482,075 
20.578,266 
24,228.578 
22,927,425 
24,254,712 


$41,916,347 
43,157.271 
43.598,387 
51,211,438 
60,013,193 
62.323,228 
46,148.418 
44.927,174 
48,838,839 
51.668,757 


t 


586 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Values  of  the  most  important  imports  during  the  years  of  1915,  1916  and  1917: 


Articles 


> 


Alcohol 

Automobiles 

Basketry 

Beans  and  peas,  dry . . , 

Beer 

Binder  twine 

Blankets: 

Cotton 

Woolen 

Bottles 

Butter ._ 

Calcium  carbide 

Candles 

Caustic  soda 

Cement 

Cheese 

Chocolate 

Clothing,  men's 

Cloths,  woolen 

Coal 

Briquets 

Coal  tar 

Coffee 

Coke 

Cordages 

Dynamite  (mining) . . . 
Fish: 

Canned 

Dry 

Fruits: 

Dried 

Fresh 

Glass  and  glassware . . 
Household  articles. . . . 
Iron  and  steel  wire. . . , 
Iron: 

Bar  and  structural . 

Cast 

In  sheets 

Ore 

Jewelry 

Knit  Goods: 

Cotton 

Woolen 

Lead: 

Pigs  and  bars 

Ore 

Leather 

Lime,  hydraulic 

Linseed  oil 

Liquors,  distilled .... 
Lumber: 

r  ir 

x^ne ............. 

.  Walnut 

All  other 

Machinery: 

Agricultural 

Other  and  parts. . . 

Margarine 

Matches 

Meat  products 

Meat ,  salt 

Medicines 

MUk,  condensed: 
Pure 

Mineral  waters 

Nails,  screws,  etc. . . . 

Olive  oil 

Parcels  post 

Paper  and  cardboard . 
Peanuts 


1915 
Value 


$103,220 
57,802 
37,579 
272,490 
75,979 
61,615 

29.314 

8.490 

16,686 

109,605 
17,819 

114.406 
48,191 
69,302 

237,135 
83,428 

139,665 

27,256 

1,366,603 

78.535 

42,732 

263,324 
56,958 
51,318 
43.618 

33,507 
47,146 

97.635 
176,086 
60.078 
89,622 
18,751 

75,211 
18,280 
37.687 
27.570 
102,759 

141.761 


88.517 

607.578 
70.641 
20.916 
19.343 

22,746 

'  12.079 
183,362 

70,556 
364,396 
78.399 
62.725 
114.401 
32.001 
50.103 

26.838 
110.633 

32.072 

69.205 
118.738 
907.090 
310,974 

52,166 


1916 
Value 


$62,625 

111,503 

75,568 

215,702 

95,807 

98,073 

49,695 

31,760 

28.228 

105.352 

69.816 

119.098 

86.415 

59.046 

215.530 

116.602 

480.004 

216,590 

1,888.762 

157,862 

130.720 

383,546 

86,632 

94,107 

67,067 

93,412 
45,433 

149,486 
73,129 
95,228 

143,184 
51,995 

35,278 
26.953 
58.170 
94.963 
84,017 

191.290 
9,870 

7,390 

324.536 

539,257 

84,199 

34,342 

63,364 

134.960 

4.197 

43.043 

315,253 

187,068 
425.660 
76.342 
327,332 
60,733 
35,535 
66.425 

47,935 

186.970 

44.953 

88,578 

90,039 

1,019,114 

428.317 
61.831 


1917 
Value 


$56,438 
72,570 
67,104 

215,375 
69,147 

142,615 

31,058 

52,251 

36,189 

76,490 

78,757 

124,583 

133,137 

79,764 

189.055 

98.144 

340.121 

205,018 

537.047 

1,274.864 

67,480 

621.059 

131,787 

61.335 

63.075 

27.232 
44,911 

155.153 

85.673 

100.439 

149,108 
64.459 

26.354 

4.212 

19.123 

19,541 

181.604 

168,456 
32,003 

2,183 

133.739 

575,875 

26,132 

41,412 

22,747 

196,613 
3,486 
4,503 

119.866 

55,163 
231,773 
102,032 
133.363 
184,257 
25,526 
62.260 

83.823 
290,688 

18,179 
176,340 

27,045 

937,285 

403,743 

3,085 


TUNIS 


587 


fable  Continued: 


Articles 


1915 
Value 


1916 
Value 


1917 
Value 


Petroleum  products: 
Gasolene.  ....•.• 
Lubricating  oils .  . 
Refined 

Potatoes 

Rice 

Shoes 

SUk: 

Raw. . . . . . .  • 

Thread,  dyed 


Sodium  chlorate  and  other. 


Spices 

Spices  prepared 

Sugars 

Steel  bars 

Sulphur. . .; 

Sirups  and  candies 

Tea 

Textiles: 

Cotton 

Bleached 

Dyed 

Prints 

Unbleached 

Jute 

Jutesacks 

Linen  and  hemp 

Woolen  suitings 

Tinplate 

Tires,  rubber 

Tobacco: 

Leaf 

Manufactured 

Tubing: 

Cast  iron 

Iron  and  steel 

Twine,  ordinary 

Varnish 

Wheat 

Wheat  flour 

Tarn: 

Cotton V  ••.•••,• 

Wool,  pure  and  mixed . 
All  other  articles 


Total . 


$22,087 

95,236 

193,813 

236,610 

59,251 

39,368 

172,438 

172,438 

251,482 

19,712 

60,341 

37,816 

1,314,512 

59,637 

15,774 

49,561 

106.749 


936,066 
1,080.260 

148,982 

323.820 
53.442 

396.344 
37.006 
56.542 
26.658 
12.427 

245.102 
52.121 

11.982 
23.492 
55.332 
28.370 
425.742 
1.517.960 

134.739 

73.964 

4.615,372 


$20,698,601 


$179,830 
275,318 
489,837 
327,783 
115,928 
110.280 

220,442 

12,974 

296,956 

57,758 

84,724 

79,157 

1,955,460 

61,110 

48,647 

73,695 

196,645 


1,529.021 

1,898,150 

250,264 

543,550 

106,875 

474.621 

71,582 

108.723 

69.082 

112.306 

517.339 
152.752 

96.674 
127.521 
12.336 
34.374 
63,357 
260,398 

253,044 

124,226 

3,562,367 


$25,911,414 


$144,766 
391.123 
355,031 
403,726 
239,659 
70,742 

283,423 

52,656 
221,812 

45,376 
326,493 

45,151 
1,755,532 

45,423 
102,367 

15,768 
258,225 


1,715,185 

1,978,599 

381,932 

717.786 

241.177 

987,058 

40,711 

109,297 

75,931 

30,070 

193,809 
71,979 

20,833 
74,382 
58,826 
28,117 
386,219 
581.963 

286,557 

203,553 

4,755.859 

$27,414,045 


v.i..^  .,  th.  mo«t  important  exports  of  Tunis  during  the  yean.  1915.  1916  and  1917: 


Articles 


1915 


1916 


1917 


Animals,  live 

Bread  stuffs: 

Barley 

Wheat 

Cork 

Dates 

Esparto 

Hides 

Oil,  Olive 

Ores: 

Iron 

Lead 

Lead,  pig .  . . 

Zinc 

Phosphates 

Sponges 

Wines 

All  other  articles . 


Continued  on  page  587 


Total. 


$2,115,903 

2,342,096 

2,014,897 

900,484 

40,442 

268,211 

468,026 

542.758 

774.502 

1.761.854 

772.061 
493.027 
793,056 

■■*4,945.36i' 
654,700 
383,408 
4.987,802 


$24,228,578 


$843,898 

883,355 
1,165,670 
653,882 
184.730 
276.766 
378.117 
253,010 
729.668 
2,115.106 

1,250.132 
954.722 

2,605,918 
251,803 

4,593,204 
629,083 
313,230 

4,845,131 


$22,927,425 


$686,876 

285.493 

2.109.528 

8,175 

68,920 

155,822 

24,745 

221,270 

578,596 

5,568,848 

1,567,818 
508,397 

3,048.893 
196.797 

2,718,626 
296,264 
524,018 

5,376.076 


$24,254,712 


I 


588 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Value  of  imports  and  exports  by  countries  during  1915,  1916  and  1917: 


Countries 


Countries 


Imposts 


1015 


1916 


Algeria 

Austria  (inbound  1914) 

BraMl 

British  India 

China 

Egypt 

England 

France 

French  colonies  (other  than  Algeria) 

Germany  (inbound  1914) 

Greece 

Italy 

Japan 

Malta 

Morocco 

Netherlands 

Norway 

Paraguay 

Portugal 

Russia 

Spain 

Sweden 

Switierland 

Tripoli 

Turkey  (occupied  area) 

United  States 

All  other  countries 

Total 


$2,639,616 

45.190 

253.828 

179.174 

182,682 

54,104 

3.135,190 

9.255,339 

70.405 

16.395 

113.636 

2.558.390 

6,308 

74.119 

346.733 

41.460 

26,581 

10.615 

28.453 

38.476 

296.726 

39.842 

261,068 

204.673 

26.101 

674.199 

119.292 


$20,698,601 


$2,228,130 

55,303 

367,833 

156,247 

166,235 

227.863 

5.682.800 

10.583.569 

40.237 

'41,843 
2.728.195 
14,872 
46,271 
47.126 
119.977 
34.344 

42,628 

4.125 

442,122 

309,000 

306,417 

114,382 

34,028 

1.576,608 

61,274 


$25,911,414 


Exports 


1915 


1916 


Algeria 

Biugaria 

Denmark 

England 

Egypt 

France 

French  colonies. . . , 

Gibraltar 

Greece 

Italv 

Malta 

Morocco 

Netherlands 

Norway 

Portugal 

Serbia 

Spain 

Sweden 

Switzerland 

Tripoli 

United  States 

All  other  oovmtries 

Total 

Ship  supplies 

Grand  Total. . 


$611 

3 

218 

3,541 

522 

12.001 


.130 
.088 
.811 
,104 
.233 
.207 


83 

175 

4.364 

706 

70 

30 

13 
257 

33 
613 

20 

2 

827 

34 
101 


,897 
.002 
.411 
.592 
.628 
,309 
,194 
.116 
.692 
,746 
.895 
,386 
,759 
.776 
.060 


$24,127,933 
100.645 


$24,228,578 


$916,281 

349.829 

4,118,909 

284.238 

10,034,853 

15.547 

'  1.271,573 

3.076,015 

484,825 

53,060 

241,540 

5.877 

277.273 

687.234 
42,284 

645.334 

245,343 

13,055 


22.808,160 
119,265 


22,927,425 


1917 


$2,362,326 

616.493 

774.576 

293.945 

1.320,012 

6.322.017 

10,475.069 

275,567 

i,i83 

2,483.073 

5.850 

26.064 

34.443 

78.258 

22,160 

23.160 

2.016 

13,445 

325,013 

87,619 

334.754 

86.185 

1.790 

1.373.471 

71.684 


$27,414,045 


1917 


$1,432,115 

46,884 

2,893.368 

511,105 

15.583.431 

583 

99i',787 

1,719.498 

329,582 

25.974 

24 

1.852 

59.837 

80.894 

405 

697 

357.488 

28.695 

2.199 


$24,066,437 
188.275 


$24,254,712 


Production  and  Industry 
Agriculture  is  the  most  important  industry.    There  are  about  6,424,720  acres  of 
tillable  land  and  about  2,000,000  acres  of  forest.    There  are  some  540,000  acres  of  olive 
groves. 


TUNIS 


589 


Yield  of  the  principal  crops  in  1916  andlglT: 


Products 


1916 


1917 


Products 


1916 


1917 


Wheat: 

Hard  (tons) 

Soft  (tons) 

Barley  (tons) 

Oats  (tons) ;;  •  •  \- 

Maiie  and  sorgo  (tons). . 
Beans  (tons) 


131.000 

19.000 

107.000 

36,000 

3.300 

5.800 


160,000 

30,000 

170,000 

58,000 

9,000 

8,000 


Chick-peas  (tons) . 
Potatoes  (tons) . . . 
Almonds  (tons) .  . 

Dates  (tons) 

Oranges  (tons)  .  .  . 
Olive  oil  (tons) . . . 
Wines  (gallons) .  . 


1,800 

2,000 

1,800 

23,200 

1,200 

65,000 

11.885,000 


2.000 

2,500 

2.500 

27,300 

1.500 

15.000 

11,300.000 


■"livestock  includes  32,960  horaes,  77,051  asses,  15,320  mules,  ^J^ ^^L^"^ 
IO33T73  sheep,  459.630  goats,  111,027  camels  and  10,144  pigs.  About  2.500.000  acre, 
are  under  cultivation  by  French  and  Italian  colomsts. 

-^here  are  important  cork  forests  in  the  northwest  with  an  area  of  351,247  ac^ 
Wool  IT  hides  are  important  producte,  the  normal  product  of  the  latter  bemgW 
mS  150,000  sheep  skins.  12,000  dozen  lambskins  and  35,000  dozen  goat  skms.  About 
3  748,500  pounds  of  wool  is  produced  annually.  ,  ^     .  .      •  j    ^  • 

Next  to  agriculture,  mining  is  the  most  important  of  Tunisian  industries. 

Annual  nroduction  of  the  26  mines  in  operation  during  two  years; 


Ores 


1916 
Tons 


1917 
Tons 


Ores 


1916 
Tons 


1917 
Tons 


Iron. 
I^ead 
Zinc 


500,935 
63,830 


606,000 
41,400 
15,000 


Manganese . 
Lignite. . .  . 
Phosphate. 


2.027 

10,620 

1,695.295 


5.800 

32,700 

1.000,000 


The  principal  manufacturing  industry  is  soap-making,  which  is  of  considerable  im- 
portance.    Native  industries  include  spimung,  weaving  and  leather  ■"^'f*"*^- 

The  sponge  and  tunny  Bsheries  are  important.  The  sponge  export  to  France  mi 
Italy  in  19^6-^  amounted  to  137,860  pounds  valued  at  »296,264; the norma^tmm^ catch 
is  25.000,  but  in  1917  only  4.439  were  caught.  There  were  2.151  boate  and  8,039  men 
engaged  in  the  fisheries  in  1917. 

*^  The  length  of  the  railways  in  1918  was  910  miles.    There  are  2,735  mUes  of  good  roads. 

''"S:;fre^t'' 1917"^4,201  mUes  of  telegraph  Unes.  52  telegraph  offices  (the 
number  of  messages  sent  was  144,775,336),  and  748  miles  of  urban  telephone  hnes.  The 
interurban  systems  had  2,763  miles  of  wire. 

^°"ln  wts'there  were  456  post  offices.  The  number  of  letters  sent  and  received  in  the 
domestic  service  was  41,077,660,  and  in  the  foreign  service  71,111,196. 

^"^1  r^'s^m  of  weights  and  measures  have  almost  entirely  taken  the  place  of 
those  of  Tunis,  but  grain  is  still  sold  in  kaffis  (16  bushels)  and  whibas  (one  bushel). 
Money:  As  in  France. 
Consular  representatives:  ,     ^^       .  i 

Interests  of  Tunis  in  the  United  States  are  cared  for  by  the  French  consuls. 
Language:    The  commercial  language  of  Tunis  is  French. 

Local  Advertising  Media:  ...        .•     i  „^,«-<» 

There  are  several  French  daUy  papers  and  several  pubUcations  m  the  native  language. 

Shipping  Routes: 
Fabre  Line. 
Independent  S.  S.  Corp. 


590 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Customs  Tariff: 

The  tariflf  of  Tunis  consists  of  specific  duties  levied  upon  the  weight  of  the  articles 
imported,  usually  gross  weight.    About  650  articles  are  enumerated  in  the  tariff  list. 
Consular  Regulations:  As  in  France. 
Cable  Rates: 

Via  Havre,  or  Marseilles,  $0.32  per  word  from  New  York  or  New  England  states. 
Postal  Rates:  Postal  Union  rates. 
Mail  Time:  About  twenty  days. 
Parcels  Post: 

Service  extends  to  Tunis  with  same  conditions  as  given  for  France,  except  that  an 
additional  charge  of  35  cents  is  made  on  delivery  of  each  package. 
Money  Orders:  Issued, 
international  Reply  Coupons:  Issued. 


LIBERIA 


591 


ITALIAN  AFRICA 


ERITREA 

Eritrea,  situated  on  the  Red  Sea,  is  an  Italian  possession;  its  total  area  is  45,800 
square  miles  and  population  450,000.  The  chief  industry  is  pearl  fishing,  the  annual 
value  of  the  pearls  and  mother-of-pearl  produced  being  $48,250  and  $154,400,  respectively. 
Camels,  oxen,  sheep  and  goats  are  raised,  the  produce  consisting  of  hides,  butter  and 
meats,  supplying  articles  of  local  trade.  Gold  mines  are  worked  6  miles  from  Asmara. 
In  1916  the  value  of  palm  nuts  exported  was  $189,526.  In  the  same  year  the  total  imports 
at  the  port  of  Massawah  were  $4,062,220,  exports  $2,180,756.  A  railway  74  miles  in 
length  connects  Massawah  and  Asmara.  Wireless  stations  have  been  opened  at  Massaua 
and  Assab,  being  in  communication  with  Italian  Somaliland  and  Italy.  United  States 
statistics  of  foreign  commerce  include  under  the  general  classification  of  trade  with  Italian 
Africa,  trade  with  Eritrea,  Somaliland  and  TripoU.  During  the  calendar  year  1919  exports 
were  valued  at  $352,311,  and  imports  at  $495,923. 


ITALIAN  SOMALILAND 

The  Colony  and  Protectorates  of  Italian  Somaliland,  situated  on  the  east  coast  of 
Africa,  have  an  area  of  139,430  square  miles,  population  450,000.  Cattle  raising  is  the  chief 
occupation  of  the  people.  The  principal  imports  are  cottons,  yam,  timber,  petroleum, 
rice  and  sugar;  exports  cotton,  hides,  butter  and  dura.  In  1917  imports  were  valued  at 
$748,378,  exports  $1,170,662.  There  are  thirteen  wireless  telegraph  stations,  the  one 
located  at  Magadisho  connecting  with  Italy  via  Massua  (Eritrea).  For  trade  of  the  United 
States  with  Somaliland,  see  above  imder  Eritrea. 


TRIPOLI 

Tripoli,  an  Italian  possession  on  the  northern  coast  of  Africa,  is  divided  in  two  dis- 
tricts known  as  Tripolitania  and  Cyrenaica,  its  area  is  406,000  square  miles,  population 
523,176  (1911).  The  principal  coast  towns  are  Tripoli  (population  73,000)  and  Benghazi 
(population  35,000).  Palm,  olive,  lemon  and  fruit  trees  are  extensively  grown.  Sponge 
fishing  is  an  important  industry,  amounting  annually  to  $388,800.  One  of  the  chief  articles 
of  export  is  ostrich  feathers.  Exports  in  1917  were  valued  at  $934,716,  imports  at  $11,806,- 
445.  There  are  321  miles  of  railways  in  operation.  Tripoli  is  connected  by  cable  with 
Malta  and  Syracuse.  Another  cable  connects  Benghazi  with  Syracuse,  see  above.  For 
trade  of  the  United  States  with  Tripoli,  see  above  under  Eritrea. 


LIBERIA 

A  republic  on  the  west  coast  of  Africa  extending  from  the  British  colony  of  Sierra 
Leone  on  the  west,  to  the  French  Colony  of  the  Ivory  Coast  on  the  east,  with  about  350 
miles  of  coast  line.  The  country  projects  inland  about  200  miles.  The  total  area  is  about 
40  000  square  miles,  of  which  a  strip  of  land  about  twenty  miles  broad  along  parts  of  the 
coLt  is  under  the  administration  of  the  government.  The  total  population  is  estimated 
at  1,500,000  to  2,000,000,  aU  of  whom  are  Negroes. 

The  republic  was  originally  founded  through  the  efforts  of  several  Amencan  coloniza- 
tion societies  for  the  main  purpose  of  providing  a  permanent  home  for  freed  American 
slaves.  The  number  of  American  Liberians  is  estimated  at  about  12,000.  About  50,000 
of  the  coast  population  are  civiUzed.  The  language  of  the  country  is  English.  There 
are  about  160  Europeans  within  the  country.  The  capital  and  principal  town  is  Monrovia, 
with  an  estimated  population  of  about  6,000. 

Commerce 

During  the  calendar  year  1919  United  States  exports  to  Liberia  were  valued  at  $212,966, 
and  imports  from  Liberia  at  $172,765. 

Imports  and  exports  during  four  years: 


Year 

Imports 

Exports 

Year 

Imports 

Exports 

1»11 

Sl.154,924 
1,194,128 

$1,013,849 
1,150,491 

1913 

$902,063 

$1,288,915 
618,536 

1912 

Ivll 

The  chief  imports  are  rice,  cottons,  gin,  tobacco,  building  timber,  galvanized  roofing 
iron,  ready-made  clothing,  and  dried  and  preserved  fish.  The  chief  exports  are  rubber, 
pahn  oU  (336,407  gaUons  in  1917),  pahn  kernels,  piassava  fibre  (6,911,903  pounds  m  1917), 
cocoa  (65,016  pounds  in  1917),  coffee  (761,300  pounds  in  1917),  ivory,  ginger,  camwood, 
and  anatto.    The  trade  is  chiefly  with  Great  Britain. 

Production  and  Industry 

The  resources  of  the  country  both  as  regards  agriculture  and  mining  are  as  yet  prac- 
tically undeveloped  and  industrial  enterprises  are  negUgible.  There  are  large  forests 
in  which  lumbering  operations  have  not  yet  been  begun.  Coffee  is  the  principal  product. 
Raphia,  pahn  oil,  palm  kernels,  kola  nuts,  gum,  beeswax,  anatto,  rice,  and  tortoise  sheU 
are  important  products.  Cocoa  and  cotton  are  produced  in  smaU  quantities.  Exports 
of  rubber  in  1917  amounted  to  69,835  pounds,  as  compared  with  116,712  pounds  in  1913. 
Iron,  gold,  tin,  copper,  zinc,  monazite  sands,  lead,  Ugnite,  and  diamonds,  have  been  found 
at  various  times. 

Communications : 

There  are  no  raQways  in  Liberia.  There  is  a  motor  road  twenty  miles  in  length,  and 
roads  for  ox-carts.  The  Saint  Paul  River  is  navigable  for  about  twenty-five  miles,  four 
launches  providing  the  service.  There  is  cable  connection  with  Europe  and  New  York 
and  two  wireless  stations  at  Monrovia. 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures: 

There  is  a  Liberian  coinage  in  silver  and  copper,  but  the  principal  money  used  is  British 
and  American  gold  and  sUver.  Accounts  are  kept  in  terms  of  American  currency.  Weights 
and  measures  are  those  of  the  United  States  and  Great  Britain.  The  Bank  of  British  West 
Africa,  Ltd.,  has  a  branch  at  Monrovia,  and  agencies  at  other  places. 

Parcel  Post:    Extends  to  Liberia. 


i. 


592 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


MOROCCO 

Morocco,  a  country  on  the  northern  coast  of  Africa,  is  administered  by  France  and 
Spain.  In  April,  1912,  a  treaty  was  signed  at  Fez  by  which  the  Sultan  formally  accepted 
the  French  protectorate,  and  the  oflSce  of  French  Resident  General  was  created.  The 
French  Resident  General  is  also  appointed  Minister  of  Foreign  Affairs,  and  the  oflScer 
in  command  of  the  French  troops  is  the  Minister  of  War. 

The  capitals  of  Morocco  are  unchanged,  Fez,  Mequinez,  and  Rabat.  The  latter  is 
the  seat  of  the  government. 

The  Franco-Spanish  treaty  of  Madrid  signed  November  27,  1912,  established  the 
respective  rights  of  these  two  nations  in  Morocco.  The  Spanish  zone  is  administered 
under  the  control  of  a  Spanish  High  Commissioner  by  a  caUph  appointed  by  the  sultan. 
His  headquarters  are  at  Tetuan.  By  this  agreement  Tangier  and  its  district  became  a 
special  international  zone,  having  an  area  of  about  140  square  miles. 

Area  and  Population 
Morocco's  area  is  approximately  231,500  square  miles.  It  has  been  estimated  by 
the  French  Service  des  Renseignements  (Nov.  1911)  that  the  population  of  the  French 
zone  is  5,400,000,  the  urban  population  is  put  at  525,430  of  whom  388,500  are  Mussuhnans, 
74,900  Jewish  natives,  62,030  Europeans,  of  whom  1,005  are  British,  35,780  French,  13,450 
Spanish  and  8,955  ItaUan.  The  population  consists  of  Berbers,  Tuaregs,  Shellah,  Beduin 
and  Mued  Arabs  and  a  considerable  nimiber  of  Jews  and  Negroes.  The  population  of 
the  Spanish  zone  and  Tangier,  roughly  estimated,  is  600,000,  making  an  approximate 
tota  'c   V  000,000  for  Morocco  as  a  whole. 

Official  estimate  of  the  population  of  the  principal  towns: 

French  Zone 


City 


Total 


European 


City 


Total 


European 


Rabat 

Sale 

Kenitra.  .  . 
Casablanca 
Maiagan. . 

Safi 

Mogador.  . 


37.548 
20.542 
3.250 
82,500 
21.630 
20.240 
19.085 


9.748 
452 

1.150 
37,500 

1.630 
740 
585 


Meknes.  .  . 

Fe« 

Marakesh. 

Oujda 

Mulai  Idris 
Waian .... 
Sefrou .... 


36,705 

105.855 

99.415 

18.150 

9.000 
16.000 

9.070 


1.265 

855 

1,415 

4.150 


70 


Spanish  Zone 


City 


Tetuan . . 
Arsila... 
Laraiche 


Commerce 
Value  of  the  total  foreign  trade  of  the  United  States  with  Morocco  for  3  calendar  years. 


Exports 


Imports 


1917 
1918 
1919 


$403,208 

982.089 

1.412,224 


$179,859 
326.202 
717.774 


MOROCCO 


593 


Import  and  export  trade  of  Morocco  by  countries  of  origin  and  destination  in  1916 
and  1917: 


Imports 

Exports 

Total  trade 

Countries 

1916 

1917 

1916 

1917 

1916 

1917 

$20,847,129 

13,002,810 

20.822 

6,401,082 

1,215,518 

1,857,578 

$24,191,596 

15.092.141 

1.633 

9.795,312 

1,612,076 

1.124.916 

$10,861,693 
1.461.467 

$17,929,004 
2.387.006 

$31,708,822 

14.464.277 

20.822 

7.586,198 

1,450.635 

2,421,306 

$42,120,600 

Great  Britain  and  Gibraltar. 

17,479,147 
1.633 

Germany 

1.185,116 
235.117 
563.728 

920.540 
274,009 
168,585 

10,715.852 

TTnif  aH  Rtates        

1,886,085 

All  other  countries 

1,293,501 

Total 

$43,344,939 

$51,817,674 

$14,307,121 

$21,679,144 

$57,652,060 

$73,496,818 

Trade  over  the  Algerian  border 
(estimated) 

$9,841,842 

$10,495,340 

$2,579,831 

$2,369,847 

$12,421,673 

$12,865,187 

Orand  total 

$53,186,781    $62,313,014 

$16,886,952 

$24,048,991 

$70,073,733 

$86,362,005 

1 

Imports  by  articles  for  1916  and  1917: 


Articles 


1916 


Beds 

Beer 

Boots  and  shoes 

Barley 

Biscuits 

Com 

Flour 

Oats 

Rice 

Semolina 

Wheat 

Bricks 

Candles 

Cars  and  carriages: 

Automobiles 

Carriages  and  wagons. . 

Cement 

Clocks 

Watches 

Clothing,  ready  made 

Coal 

Coffee 

Copper 

Manufactures.miscellaneous 

Cotton  manufactures: 

Piece  goods: 

Bleached 

Unbleached 

Colored 

Prints 

Thread 

Fish,  canned 

Fruit,  canned 

Glaaswmre 

Grease 

Hardware    and    household 

articles 

Iron   and   steel   manufac 

tares: 

Cutlery 

Other  manxifactures. . . . 
Machines: 

Sewing 

Motors,  etc 

Other  machines 

Nails 

Rails 


$24,018 
124.543 
412,763 
410,094 
147,651 

i. '843,656 

■  '247.844 
13,853 
13,207 
16,897 

1,447,001 

233,839 

68,394 

674,540 

10,819 

15,920 

309,410 

729,336 

382,392 

2,152 

73.505 


6,332,920 

98,203 

1,170,633 

350,882 

228,319 

104,726 

29,861 

254,260 

9,889 

620.812 


14.321 
326,875 

35,743 

212,973 

307,681 

71,163 

52,312 


1917 


$62,908 

123,158 

366,525 

383,714 

71.804 

75 

1.598.060 

62 

334.672 

763 

96.298 

17.953 

1,129,463 

226,749 

63,344 

730,330 

6,183 

15,230 

509,944 

972,758 

673,639 

51,567 

57,209 


6,776,081 

82,068 

1,692,378 

466,169 

283,664 

57,069 

18,562 

270,243 

6.416 

352.160 


27.414 
608.330 

48.929 

159.151 

401.564 

135.420 

514 


Articles 


Tinware 

Lime 

Linen  garments 

Matches 

Meats,  canned 

Meats,  salted 

Butter 

Margarine 

Lard 

Cheese 

Milk 

Nickel  goods 

Medicines  (prepared) .  .  . 
Oils,  mineral: 

Gasoline 

Petroleum 

Other 

Oils,  vegetable: 

Cotton  seed 

Linseed 

Olive  and  other 

Paints,  etc 

Paper 

Plaster 

Rope 

Salt 

Seed  for  sowing 

Silk  goods 

Skins 

Soap 

Sugar 

Sirup  and  sweets 

Tar 

Tea 

Tobacco: 

Cigars  and  cigarettes. 

Other 

Vegetables,  canned .  .  . . 

Wine 

Wire,  copper,  iron 

Wood,  manufactures: 

Furniture 

Lumber  of  all  kinds . , 

Woolen  goods 

All  other  articles 


1916 


1917 


$39,613 

75,197 

170,678 

164.316 

113,055 

254,865 

97,608 

54,246 

167,755 

167,153 

211,230 

27,235 

169,436 

359,268 
354,772 
169,169 


$37,268 
109,243 
139,004 
332,492 

77.779 
232.288 

97.517 
142.651 

59.373 
181.424 
217.904 

37.808 
167.972 

573,848 
350.162 
197.442 


Total. 


10.602 

7,564 

20.649 

42.171 

453.225 

1.036,263 

54.117 

53,309 

233.491 

386,083 

31,835 

24,936 

58,611 

107,303 

41,984 

43,395 

10,975 

17,770 

512,214 

845,938 

67,648 

202,125 

655,685 

385,862 

9,180,213 

11,657,742 

188,933 

67,905 

25,250 

39,336 

2,346.968 

2,482,244 

272.856 

208,538 

304.645 

446,799 

140.694 

112,158 

1,613,884 

2,066.984 

284,400 

391.048 

106,881 

113.302 

263.205 

551.094 

412,975 

855.341 

6.684.519 

7.446.179 

$43,344,939 


! 


f 


I 


$51,817,674 


It  ,1 


594 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Exports  by  articles,  1916  and  1917: 


Articles 


1916 


1917 


Articles 


1916 


1917 


Animals: 

Cattle 

Fowls 

Beeswax 

Bones 

Breadstuff  s: 

Barley 

Com 

.  Wheat 

Carpets 

Eggs 

Fruits  and  nuts: 

Dates 

Almonds 

Other 

Gums 

Guts: 

Dry 

Fresh 

Hair,  goats,  etc. 
Hides  and  skins: 

Hides 


$119,924 

86,521 

167,526 

3,592 

3,343,002 

697,516 

1,394.670 

3,414 

2.196,889 

601 
326,980 

835 
142,353 

2,340 
10,055 
27.281 

278,404 


$650,610 

9,693 

207.853 

581 

4,498,938 
1,272,771 
1,099,525 
2,842 
2,939.939 

72 

207,700 

4,616 

153,757 

4.309 

7.609 

32,576 

403.920 


Hides  and  skins:  (Con.) 

Goat  skins 

Sheep  skins 

Leather  work 

Oil.  olive 

Rags 

Seeds: 

Canary 

Coriander 

Cumin 

Fenugreek 

Linseed 

Others 

Vegetables: 

Beans 

Chickpeas 

Wool 

All  other  articles 

Total 


$671,469 

255.525 

4.468 

647 

219.627 

679,332 
98,764 

347,648 
82,681 

237,601 
87.569 

710.340 

365.245 

1,487.838 

344.764 


$14,307,121 


$881,552 

514.558 

1,224 

"  i"6V.764 

533.117 
462.960 
539.266 
442.034 
1.067.576 
48,212 

1.804,049 

743.334 

1,376,017 

1.616.080 


$21,679,144 


Value  of  trade  passing  through  the  eleven  ports  of  the  Empire  open  to  international 
commerce: 


Ports 


Imports 


1914 


1915 


1916 


1917 


Ports  of  the  French  Protectorate: 

Casablanca 

Mazagan 

Mogador 

Rabat 

Saffi 

Kenitra 

Fedalah 

Ports  of  the  Spanish  sone  of  influence: 

Laraiche 

Tetuan 

Araila 

International  Port  of  Tangier 

Total 


$9,072,495 
2,118.527 
2,174,776 
3.655,584 
2,266,763 
765,250 
60,142 

3,806,712 

1,627.332 

101,309 

4.110.960 


$29,759,850 


$11,549,970 
2,524,514 
2,598,692 
5.014,352 
2,298,596 
3,746,003 
11.755 

2,973,439 

2,054,661 

164,290 

3,439,969 


$36,376,268 


$16,572,865 
3.202,473 
3.136.347 
6.245.624 
2.465,025 
2,691.869 
37,707 

2.678.809 

2,390,183 

173.914 

3.741,123 


$43,344,939 


$19,881,689 
3,998,127 
3,741,902 
6,904,014 
3.315,027 
3,775,096 
15,678 

2,944.247 

2.884.333 

257.515 

4.099,446 


$51,817,674 


Ports 


Exports 


1914 


1915 


1916 


1917 


Ports  of  the  French  Protectorate: 

Casablanca 

Mazagan 

Mogador 

Rabat 

SafE 

Kenitra 

Fedalah 

Ports  of  the  Spanish  sone  of  influence: 

Laraiche 

Tetuan 

Arzila 

International  Port  of  Tangier 

Total 


$1,672,928 

1,011,902 

887,426 

311.359 

329,272 

9,459 


540,078 

23,734 

746 

272,456 


$5,059,360 


$3,395,838 

2,431.365 

1,258,487 

260,014 

1,699.722 

194.517 

155.381 

550.058 

23.972 

7.346 

197.992 


$10,174,692 


$4,240,813 

4,147,662 

1,592.827 

635,861 

2,316,921 

242,977 

44,388 

722,222 

39,654 

4,562 

319,254 


$14,307,121 


$7,577,839 
4.855,446 
1,435,338 
1.160,159 
3,760.176 
1,177,675 
80,099 

919.214 
76,190 
75.361 

562,647 


$21,679,144 


MOROCCO 


595 


Production  and  Industry 

The  soU  of  Morocco  is  capable  of  agricultural  production,  but  not  much  has  been 
done  to  cultivate  it.  The  interior  of  the  country  cannot  be  permanently  occupied  on 
account  of  lack  of  security  to  both  hfe  and  property.  The  inhabitants  raise  only  enough 
for  their  own  immediate  use.  Barley  is  the  most  used  cereal;  wheat,  maize,  millet,  rye, 
beans,  peas,  chickpeas  and  canary  seed  are  raised. 

The  greater  part  of  the  country  has  been  cleared  of  forests.  In  some  of  the  Atlas 
valleys,  conifers  are  found. 

The  fisheries  are  capable  of  expansion.  They  are  at  the  present  time  chiefly  in  the 
hands  of  the  Spanish  and  Portuguese. 

Morocco  possesses  valuable,  but  largely  unworked  mineral  resources.  Though  many 
of  the  mines  have  not  been  worked  for  a  long  time,  copper,  iron,  lead,  antimony,  sulphur, 
silver,  gold  and  petroleum  are  said  to  exist. 

Manufactures   are   relatively  unimportant,  the  principal  one  being  the  making  of 
leather  articles.    Other  manufactures  are  carpets,  rugs,  and  curios  for  decorative  pur- 
poses.   The  Moors  do  much  spinning,  weaving  and  dyeing,  chiefly  of  wool. 
Consular  Representatives:  The  United  States  has  a  Consul  General  stationed  at  Tangier. 

Post  Offices:  ,,»,., 

A  permanent  postal  service  is  now  estabUshed  in  Morocco  by  the  Moorish  government 
under  French  management.  There  is  a  daUy  post  to  Europe  via  Cadiz  and  Algiers,  also 
a  parcels  post  and  money  order  system. 

Telegraphs  and  Telephones:  _       .  ^   .-     /t:,    ^        a.  i  u 

There  are  telegraphic  submarine  cables  from  Tangier  to  Cadiz  (Eastern  Telegraph 
Co )  Tarifa  (Spanish  government),  and  Oran  (French  government),  and  a  cable  from 
Brest  to  Casablanca;  also  wireless  telegraphic  stations  belonging  to  the  Moorish  govern- 
ment at  Tangier,  Rabat,  Casablanca,  Fez,  Marakesh,  and  Mogador.  Land  telegraph 
lines  have  been  laid  from  Mazagan,  Saffi  and  Mogador,  and  from  Rabat  to  Taounrt  and 
Oran  Lines  also  exist  to  Fez,  Mequinez,  Marakesh  and  other  places  m  the  mtenor  of 
the  French  zone.  The  total  length  of  the  telegraph  Unes  open  to  the  pubUc  on  December 
31,  i917,  was  2,338  miles,  employing  6,110  miles  of  wire. 

Telephone  systems  are  now  in  operation  in  Tangier  and  in  the  following  towns  of  the 
French  protectorate :  Casablanca,  Rabat,  Kenitra,  Fez,  Mequinez  and  Marakesh.     Tangier 
Arzila,  and  Laraiche  are  now  connected  by  telephone,  and  connections  are  bemg  efif^ted 
between  Casablanca,  Fez,  Rabat  and  Marakesh.    There  are  also  telephones    at  Salh, 
Mazagan,  Ber  Rechid  and  Sellat  and  interurban  Unes  connecting  them  aU. 

Railways  * 

The  total  length  of  raUways  is  550  mUes,  of  which  509  are  the  principal  routes.    There 

are  621  miles  under  construction,  and  391  miles  under  survey. 

Roads:  ,         ,  ^      i.- 

The  French  are  constructing  many  pubUc  highways.  The  roads  under  construction 
comprise  875  miles.  There  are:  A  coast  road  from  Kinitra  to  Mazador,  connecting  all 
the  chief  coast  towns  in  the  French  zone;  two  roads  from  Fez;  one  direct  to  Kemtra,  and 
the  other  passing  through  Mequinez.  The  Fez-Kenitra  road  when  joined  with  the  Tangier 
road,  will  connect  the  three  zones  of  the  Empire.  There  are  also  plans  for  the  construction 
of  an  additional  350  miles  of  road. 

Money: 

Spanish  pesetas  as  well  as  Moorish  coins  are  current.    The  silver  coinage  comprises 


596 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


ANGOLA 


597 


! 
f 


Moorish  dollars,  }/^  dollars  and  H  dollars  and  dirhems  (1/10  dollar)  and  l^  dihrems 
(1/20  dollar).  The  Moorish  dollar  equals  5  francs.  At  Tangier  European  goods  are  paid 
for  in  French  and  Spanish  coin.  French  coin  is  much  used  at  Casablanca  and  other  ports 
in  the  French  zone;  Moorish  coin  is  almost  exclusively  used  in  other  parts  of  Morocco. 

Weights  and  Measures: 

The  metric  system  is  employed  in  foreign  trade.  The  chief  local  weights  and  measures 
are:  the  Elantar,  used  for  the  produce  of  the  country  sold  by  weight,  which  contains  100 
Rotals  and  is  generally  the  equivalent  of  about  168  pounds,  but  varies  in  different  districts. 
The  Kantar  by  which  articles  of  weight  of  importation  are  sold  contains  100  Rotals,  and 
is  equivalent  to  112  pounds.  The  principal  lineal  measurement  is  the  Drah  of  8  tominis, 
equivalent  to  about  22  inches. 

Language:    French  and  Spanish  are  ordinarily  used  in  foreign  trade. 

Shipping  Routes : 
Fabre  Line. 
Independent  S.  S.  Corp. 

Customs  Tariff: 

There  is  a  special  import  tax  of  2J^  per  cent,  ad  valorem  upon  all  goods  brought  into 
Morocco,  besides  the  general  import  duty  of  10  per  cent,  ad  valorem  levied  upon  practically 
all  goods. 

Consular  Regulations:  No  consular  documents  are  required. 

Cable  Rates:  To  Tangier,  from  New  York  or  New  England  states,  $0.36  per  word. 

Postal  Rates:  Postal  Union  rates. 

Mail  Time:  Eleven  days. 

Parcels  Post: 

Goods  can  be  shipped  by  parcel  post  to  Morocco  via  England  at  the  regular  12  cent 
rate  plus  transit  charges. 

Money  Orders:  Issued. 
International  Reply  Coupons:  Issued. 


SPANISH  AFRICA 
CANARY  ISLANDS 

(See  under  Spain) 

FERNANDO  PO 

The  island  of  Fernando  Po,  a  Spanish  possession  in  the  Gulf  of  Guinea,  is  considered 
one  of  the  most  fertile  spots  on  the  West  Coast  of  Africa.  Area  1,185  square  miles,  the 
population  of  17,000  consists  chiefly  of  natives.  Other  Spanish  possessions  in  the  Gulf 
of  Guinea  are  The  Islands  of  Annobon  (6^  square  miles),  Little  Elobey  (35  acres),  Great 
Elobey  (^  square  mile)  and  Corisco  (iH  square  miles)  and  on  the  mainland  the 
district  of  Rio  Mimi  (9,470  square  miles).  The  capital  of  all  of  these  colonies  is  Santa 
Isabel  on  Fernando  Po.  Exports  from  the  United  States  to  Spanish  Africa,  excluding  the 
Canary  Islands,  were  valued  in  the  calendar  year  1919  at  $83,019;  no  imports  are  recorded. 


PORTUGUESE  AFRICA 
ANGOLA 

(Portuguese  West  Africa.) 

P„rt,.T„«e  West  Africa,  lying  between  British  South  Africa  and  the  French  Congo,  is 
divid^StnghTltricts:  Congo,  Guan.a-Norta,  Guanza-Sul,  Mazico,  HuUa,  Cunene, 
divided  into  eigni  ^^^^     ^^^^  important  towns  are:    Cabinda, 

?  rTvt  wXido  BenguV,  Mossamedes  and  Port  Alexander.  The  native  popu- 
Ambnz,  NovoWedondo  Bengu  ^^^^  ^^  cocoanuts, 

':r  r^^  fi^h^tre  cWef  produce!  Tobacco  and  cotton  are  both  grown.  A 
Sh  sZi^te  controls  the  petroleum  and  asphalt.  There  are  malachite,  copper,  iron, 
petroleum  and  salt  mines.    Some  gold  has  also  been  found  .    „  .  h    th. 

4n«,U's  trade  is  largely  with  Portugal.  The  shipping  is  mainly  controUed  by  the 
Portutt^  N^^nal  NavTgation  Company.  There  are  also  three  British  Unes  and  one 
Portuguese  «auu  e.  ,teamers  to  its  ports.     TextUes  are  the  chief  imports  of  the 

German  '-«  ^^^-^^^^t^X"  a^d  driS  fish.     In  1914,  195  vessels  of  29.3,531  tons 
^^re'd  the  pTrro^Lrnda  and  187  vessels  of  270,917  tons  cleai^l.    United  States  stat.tu. 
oSgn  o«ce  include  trade  with  Angola,  the  Cape  Verde  Islands  Guinea  and  St 
Thol^  and  Principe  under  the  general  classification  of  -^oHup^eseMnc^^    Exports 
during  the  calendai  year  1919  were  valued  at  $5,131,859,  imports  at  $1,672,673. 

Total  imports  and  exports  exclusive  of  Congo  for  1913,  1914  and  1916: 


Year 


Imports 


Exports 


1913. 
1914. 
1916. 


$5,562,901 
5,631,624 
9,503.502 


$5,438,403 
4,695,015 
7.250,315 


The  raUways  open  for  traffic  are  as  follows  Loanda  Lucalla  line  226  miles  (meter 
eu  J)  LucX  Mahlge  line,  149  mUes  (meter  gauge);  built  to  connect  with  he  Central 
M^L  StyV Canraca  Golungo  Alto,  9  miles;  LobitoXJhinguar,  323  mdes;  Mossa- 
mlt^^a  Mo;ntaine,  111  mUes;  making  a  total  of  818  mUes.  Angola  is  connected  by 
cable  with  East,  West  and  South  African  telegraph  systems 
Language:  Portuguese  is  used  in  commercial  correspondence  with  Angola. 

Shipping  Routes: 

British  &  African  Steam  NavigaUon  Co.,  Ltd. 

"""  fr^rt  duties  are  specific  with  few  exceptions.    Articles  imported  from  Portugal 

have  preferential  rates.  . 

Consular  Regulations:  No  consular  documents  are  required 

Cable  Rates:  From  New  York  or  New  England  states,  $1.58  per  word. 

Postal  Rates:  Postal  Union  rates. 

Mail  Time:  Twenty-eight  days. 

Parcels  Post:  Service  does  not  extend  to  Angola. 

Money  Orders:  Not  issued.  • 

International  Reply  Coupons:  Not  issued. 


f\\ 


B 


'^ 


598 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


CAPE  VERDE  ISLANDS 

The  Cape  Verde  Islands,  of  which  there  are  fourteen,  have  a  population  of  149,793 
(census  of  1912)  of  whom  only  4,799  are  whites.  Praia  is  the  capital  and  is  the  seat  of  the 
Governor,  chief  administrator  of  the  islands.  Cofifee,  medicinal  produce  and  millet  are 
the  chief  products.  For  trade  of  the  United  States  with  the  Cape  Verde  Islands,  see  under 
Angola,  page  597.    Total  imports  and  exports  for  1913,  1914  and  1916: 


Year 


Impobts 


Exports 


1913 
1914 
1916 


$2,008,740 
2.185,545 
5,310.502 


331.218 
319,429 
358,408 


Language:  Portuguese  is  used  in  commercial  correspondence  with  the  Cape  Verde  Islands. 

Shipping  Routes: 

British  &  African  Steam  Navigation  Co.,  Ltd. 

Customs  Tariff: 

The  general  tariff  is  3  per  cent,  ad  valorem.    Wines  of  national  production  pay  a 
specific  duty. 

Consular  Regulations :  No  consular  documents  are  required. 

Cable  Rates: 

To  St.  Jago,  $1.01  per  word;  to  St.  Vincent,  $0.78  per  word;  from  New  York  or  New 
England  states. 

Parcels  Post: 

Goods  can  be  sent  by  parcel  post  to  the  Cape  Verde  Islands  via  England  at  the  regular 
12  cents  rate  plus  transit  charges. 

Mail  Time:  Eighteen  days. 

Money  Orders:  Not  issued. 

International  Reply  Coupons:  Issued. 


PORTUGUESE  GUINEA 


Portuguese  Guinea  is  on  the  coast  of  Senegambia  and  includes  the  archipelago  of 
Bijagof,  with  the  island  of  Bolama.  The  chief  port  is  Bissau.  Rubber,  wax,  oil,  seeds, 
ivory  and  hides  are  its  main  products.  The  population  of  Portuguese  Guinea  is  estimated 
at  289,000.  For  trade  of  the  United  States  with  Portuguese  Guinea,  see  under  Angola, 
page  597.     Total  imports  and  exports  for  1914,  1915  and  1917: 


Year 


Imports 


Exports 


1914 
1915 
1917 


$1,515,402 
3,584,273 
2.222,813 


$1,139,281 
2,081.864 
3.111.675 


Languages:    The  commercial  language  of  Portuguese  Guinea  is  Portuguese. 


PORTUGUESE— GUINEA 


599 


Shipping  Routes: 

British  &  African  Steam  Navigation  Co.,  Ltd. 

Customs  Tariflf: 

An  ad  valorem  duty  of  3  per  cent,  is  levied  on  all  imports,  except  tobacco,  gunpowder, 
arms  and  ammunition,  alcohol  and  spirits,  which  have  specific  rates. 
Consular  Regulations:  No  consular  documents  are  required. 
Cable  Rates:  From  New  York  or  New  England  states,  $1.11  per  word. 
Postal  Rates:  Postal  Union  rates. 
Mail  Time:  Twenty-eight  days. 

Parcels  Post: 

Goods  can  be  sent  by  parcel  post  to  Portuguese  Guinea  via  England  at  the  regular 

12  cent  rate  plus  transit  charges. 
Money  Orders:  Not  issued. 
International  Reply  Coupons:  Not  issued. 

S.  THOME  AND  PRINCIPE 

The  islands  of  S.  Thom6  and  Principe  which  constitute  a  province  under  the  rule  of 
a  Governor,  are  located  about  125  miles  off  the  coast  of  Africa  in  the  Gulf  of  Guinea. 
They  are  hilly,  the  soil  is  volcanic,  the  vegetation  rich  and  various.  The  estimated  popu- 
lation for  1914  for  both  islands  was  58,907;  53,969  in  S.  Thom6  and  4,938  in  Principe 
24,520  natives,  34,387  whites  of  which  24,833  are  males,  9,554  females. 

There  are  125,000  acres  of  cacao  plantations.  In  1916  the  production  was  84,975,750 
pounds. 

There  is  a  railroad  9  miles  long  on  the  Island  of  S.  Thom6.  The  number  of  vessels 
visiting  the  ports  in  1914  was  133  with  a  tonnage  of  431,381.  For  trade  of  the  United  States 
with  the  Islands,  see  under  Angola,  page  597.  Total  of  imports  and  exports  for  1913  to 
1916: 


Year 


Imports 


Exports 


1913 
1914 
1915 
1916 


$1,785,676 
4.093,193 
4,526,042 
6.608.094 


$7,824,629 
8,009,355 
6.770.108 
8,121,938 


Language: 

Portuguese  is  used  in  commercial  correspondence  with  Sao  Thom6  and  Principe. 

Shipping  Routes: 

British  &  African  Steam  Navigation  Co.,  Ltd. 

Customs  Tariff: 

The  duties  are  mainly  specific.    Municipal  imports  are  collected,  levied  to  protect 

articles  of  Portuguese  origin. 

Consular  Regulations:  No  consular  documents  are  required. 

Cable  Rates:  From  New  York  or  New  England  states,  $1.48  per  word. 

Postal  Rates:  Postal  Union  rates. 

Mail  Time:  Twenty-eight  days. 

Parcels  Post:  Service  does  not  extend  to  Sao  Thome  and  Principe. 

Money  Orders:  Not  issued. 

International  Reply  Coupons:  Not  issued. 


• 


^-  i 

IN 


i| 


ilMi 


AUSTRALIA 


601 


600 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


!i 


OCEANIA 

AUSTRALIA 

An  island  continent  in  the  southern  Pacific,  and  one  of  the  British  self-governing 
dominions.  In  area  it  is  equal  to  that  of  continental  United  States  excluding  the  state 
of  South  Carolina.  The  principal  cities,  Sydney  and  Melbourne,  are  as  large  as  Boston 
and  Baltimore,  respectively. 

The  seasons  in  Australia  are  the  reverse  of  those  in  the  United  States  owing  to  its 
geographical  position  south  of  the  equator.  Winter  in  Austraha  is  from  June  21  to  Sep- 
tember 21,  spring  from  September  21  to  December  21,  summer  from  December  21  to  March 
21  and  autumn  from  March  21  to  June  21.  The  climate  of  Melbourne  is  similar 
to  that  of  Washington,  D.  C. 

The  principal  industries  of  Australia  are  the  raising  of  livestock,  agriculture  and 
mining.    Sheep  raising  is  the  most  important  of  the  pastoral  industries,  and  wool  has 


also  important. 

tivated  in  New  South  Wales  and  Victoria. 

The  lumber  industry  is  important  in  West  Australia,  New  South  Wales,  Tasmama  and 
Queel^r  The  fisheries  are  of  some  importance,  the  chief  product  bemg  pearl  oystors. 

Australia  is  one  of  the  world's  great  gold  producing  countries,  »•>«  P™»«'P^f  ]^jXw 
being  West  Austraha.    There  are.  however,  «^„^.  ^^  ^^J  g^^^^^^ 

rlerNe^ti^tr^u^'Stl™^^^^ 

S:':^lrrj  a^-^^  ^  =f  Z:^:r.a.Tead.  mercury. 

woUram,  nickel,  and  zinc  are  other  mineral  products. 

The  manufacturing  industries  of  Austraha  whUe  of  considerable  ™P<>rtan<*,- f°  °°' 

The  railway  system  of  Queensland,  New  South  Wales,  Victoria  and  South  AustoJia 
is  ex^nLta  Ja  t^TnT-continental  rail'way  runs  from  Adelaide  on  the  south  coast  to  Perth 
in  West  Australia. 

The  per  capita  imports  of  AustraUa  in  J^j^  -oimtod  ^^^^^^^'^J^J^Z^:, 
exporte  of  AustraUa  in  the  same  year  amounted  to  $103.36.  I"  l»"  «1  L.,  .™,rts 
suppUed  24.9  per  cent  of  the  total  imports  and  purchased  14.1  per  cent  of  the  total  exports. 

Area  and  Population 
PopuUtion  and  area  in  square  mUes  of  the  states  and  territories  comprising  Australia: 


States  and  Territories 


Area 


Population 
Census  April  3, 1911 


Estimated 
June  30.  1918 


New  South  Wales.. 

Victoria 

Queensland 

South  Australia. . . . , 

West  Australia 

Tasmania 

Northern  Territory . 
Federal  Territory.., 


Total  Commonwealth. 


309.432 

87.884 

670,500 

380,070 

975,920 

26,215 

523,620 

940 


2,974,581 


1.646,734 

1,315,551 

605.813 

408.558 

282.114 

191.211 

3.310 

1.714 


4.455,005 


1.897.084 

1,416.982 

705,588 

439,275 

311.121 

202.842 

5.260 

2.404 


4.980.565 


M 


602 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


The  statistics  given  in  the  above  table  exclude  aborigines  of  which  there  are  estimated 
to  be  about  100,000.  Population  of  principal  cities:  Melbourne,  728,240;  Sydney,  777,30o- 
Adelaide,  225,317;  Bresbane,  173,504;  Newcastle,  59,560;  Broken  Hill,  27,000;  Parramatta| 
12,250;  BaUarat,  40,404;  Bendigo,  35,640;  Geelong,  34,037;  Rockhampton,  20,915;  Towns, 
ville,  13,835;  Ipswich,  25,000;  Toowoombs,  24,200;  Hobart  (Tasmania),  38,391;  Launceston 
(Tasmania),  23,726. 

In  1911  there  were  924,259  dwellings  occupied  in  the  Commonwealth,  of  which  499,653 
were  of  wood,  235,460  of  brick  and  75,565  of  stone. 


Commerce 
Value  of  the  total  foreign  trade  of  the  United  States  with  Australia  for  eleven  years: 


Year 
ended 

Exports 

Imports 

Per 
cent 
free 

Excess  of 
exi>orts  (♦) 

or 
imports  (-) 

June 
30— 

Domestic 

Foreign 

Total 

Free 

Dutiable 

Total 

1909 
1910 
1911 
1912 
1913 
1914 
1915 
1916 
1917 
1918 
1919 

$23,966,909 
27.559.042 
37,419,384 
39,217,569 
43.226,675 
45,663.067 
43.463.666 
68,526.443 
63.277.656 
65.987.417 

$109,351 
137,515 
105.202 
42.934 
85.180 
112,149 
157,010 
304,067 
277.222 
594.084 

$24,076,260 
27,696,557 
37,524,5M 
39,260,506 
43,351,855 
45,775,216 
43.620,676 
58.830.510 
63.554.878 
66,581,501 

109,034.686 

$5,660,919 

5,219,254 

5,743.430 

5,640,326 

8,606,637 

16,071,733 

22,825,278 

50,483,807 

10,572,912 

47.730,747 

$8,132,300 
9,587.510 
3,359,438 
3,966,097 
2,349,563 
1,016,801 
879,732 
3,690,517 
2,145.876 
1,740,738 

$13,973,219 
14,806,764 
9,102,868 
9,606,423 
10,956,200 
17,088,534 
23,705,010 
54,174,324 
12,718,788 
49,471,485 
74,643,999 

40.15 
35.25 
63.10 
58.71 
78.55 
94.05 
96.29 
93.19 
83.13 
96.48 

♦$10,103,041 
♦12,889,793 
♦28,421,718 
♦29,654.080 
♦32.395.655 
♦28.686,682 
♦19.915.666 
♦4.656.186 
♦50.836.090 
♦17,110.016 
♦34.390,687 

Foreign  trade  of  Australia,  1914-1918: 


Year 

Imports 

Exports 

Year 

Imports 

Exports 

1014-15 

$313,138,718 
376,752.740 

$294,479,919 
363,422,640 

1916-17 

1917-18 

$370,471,371 
295,595,696 

$476,063,642 
364.671,178 

1916-16 

Classification  of  imports  according  to  commodities,  1914-1918: 


Articles 


I        1914-16 


1915-16 


1916-17 


1917-18 


Ale,  spirits,   beverages , 

Tobacco  and  preparative  of 

Sugar 

Agricultural  products  and  groceries 

Textiles,  belts  and  furs,  clothing 

Metals  and  machinery , 

Oils,  paints  and  varnishes , 

Earthenware,  cement,  china,  etc . . . . 

Drugs  and  chemicals 

Wood,  wicker  and  cane , 

Jewelry  and  fancy  goods 

Leather  and  rubber , 

Paper  and  stationery 

Vehicles 

Musical  instruments 

Miscellaneous 

Free  goods 


Total  Merchandise. 
Specie  and  Bullion . 

Grand  Total 


$8,783,730 

4,386,009 

1.012.537 

38,291,065 

79.435.839 

73,935,432 

13,097,597 

6,972,505 

11,691,366 

12.468,198 

7,024,230 

8,879,438 

13,344,719 

9.326.869 

1,338,191 

15,139,099 

3,793,142 


$308,919,966 
4,218,752 


$313,138,718 


$7,370,228 

4,709,548 

9,204,519 

58,610,574 

98,712,077 

73,376,401 

15,678,782 

8,000,721 

14,350,102 

10,244,656 

7,372.391 

10,428,631 

14.391,966 

12.393,029 

1,601,924 

17,655,791 

8,859,420 


$372,960,760 
3.791.980 


$376,752,740 


$9,764,449 

5,418,948 

8,074,870 

31,446,761 

110,650,813 

63,758,208 

18,558,629 

6,593,455 

14,642,222 

8,841,443 

7,747.223 

11,127,553 

21,685,514 

10,281,208 

1,762,872 

28,912,523 

9,881,429 


$369,148,120 
1.323,251 


$370,471,371 


$7,053,092 
3,143,186 
1,460,619 

30,270,859 
100,615,646 

43,033,462 

16,945,536 
4,932,890 

14,520,601 
8,251,482 
7,452.829 
8,972,055 

14,597,194 
8,245,966 
1,887,225 

13,896,601 
9,486.180 


$294,766,022 
829,674 


AUSTRALIA 


603 


Exports  according  to  commodities,  1914-1918: 


Foodstuffs  of  animal  origin. . ............ 

Foodstuffs  of  vegetable  origua  and  salt . . . 

Beverages,  non-alcoholic 

Spirits  and  alcoholic  liquors 

Tobacco  and  products  of 

Live  animals 

Animal  substances • 

Vegetable  substances  and  fibres 

Apparel,  textiles,  etc 

Oils,  fats  and  waxes 

Paints  and  varnishes. ..... .  • . ....  •  • 

Stones  and  minerals  used  mdustnally ... 

Mett^a,  unmanufactured  and  ores 

Metals,  partly  manufactured 

Machines  and  machinery 

India  rubber,  etc.,  leather 

Wood  and  wicker .• •  •  •  • 

Earthenware,  cement,  china,  glass,  etc .  . 

Paper  and  stationery 

Jcwclrv  etc •.>•■•■ • ••••• 

Optical.*  surgical  and  scientific  instruments 

Drugs,  chemicals,  fertiliters 

Miscellaneous 


$70,427,052 

9,828,849 

80,846 

612,058 

387,808 

2,607,939 

125.891.058 

940,201 

506,703 

9,976,083 

13,292 

3,506,089 

7,220,676 

35,180,985 

693,313 

857,031 

6,162,407 

3,908,594 

75,519 

270,201 

168,679 

44,609 

1,525,359 

1,468,079 


$26,882,268 
64,663,841 
84,636 
740,907 
788,000 
1,585,579 
142,682,693 
893,360 
945,649 
3,958,170 
14,915 
2,633,415 
43,442,286 
54,680,705 
1,063,747 
1,395,475 
6,046,141 
1,923.364 
232,497 
292,465 
151,860 
74,14  > 
2,322,263 
1,313,274 


$74,191,190 

92.699,397 

91,436 

770,499 

560,727 

1,910,762 

151,869,109 

960,131 

1,608,105 

7,529,398 

33.694 

2,288.306 

54.700,617 

57,054,523 

1,543,934 

1,277,319 

6,275.956 

1,526,419 

225,411 

297.441 

200.897 

67,780 

2.154.108 

1,994.869 


$72,059,827 
65,945,237 
215,506 
1,004,586 
850.602 
2.563,248 
135,243,851 
1.138,877 
2.471.251 
6,123,894 
306,067 
1,566,635 
133,615 
44,248,560 
603,752 
2,625,475 
4,497,118 
1.293,547 
239.014 
371.362 
382.540 
186,094 
3,566.627 
2,539.558 


Production  and  Industry 
AgricuUure:    Number  and  area  of  private  agricultural  properties  in  the  several  states 
and  territories  of  the  Commonwealth,  according  to  the  latest  available  statistics: 


Classification 


States 


New 
South 
Wales 


Victoria 


South 
Australia 


West 
Australia 


Territories 


Tas- 
mania 


Northern 


Federal 


Total 


1  and  under 
60    " 


60  acres. 
100 


100 

600 

1000 

6000 

10000 

20000 


«i 
•• 
ti 
•• 
tt 
« 


600 

1000 

6000 

10000 

20000 

60000 


(i 
It 
t( 
ti 

«4 


60000  acres  and  over. 
Total. . , 


40,033 

8.586 

26.405 

9.326 

7.971 

942 

411 

233 

76 


93,983 


18,757 

7,356 

24.735 

10,181 

6,634 

267 

116 

34 

1 


66,811 


7,272 

1,867 

6,016 

4,057 

4,006 

127 

43 

24 


23.412 


3.813 

4.392 

•   • 

36 

620 

2,293 

4 

20 

3,267 

5,134 

19 

65 

3.605 

727 

4 

27 

4.146 

672 

34 

268 

167 

4 

82 

60 

•   • 

28 

35 

2 

4 

3 

15.833 

13,492 

27 

194 

74,303 

20,752 

65.641 

27.927 

22.193 

1,775 

721 

350 

84 


213.752 


Acreage  under  crops  in  the  several  states  and  territories  (1916-1917): 


North     Federal 

Tas-        Tem- 

mania  t    tones 


Total 


141.846 

88.407 

6      360,072 

1081     844.130 

....i  25 

. . . .!  9.055 

905,11.532.828 

80 

4.582 

49      390,876 


$259,595,696 


Continued  on  page  604 


I 


604 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Table  Continued: 


Crops 


New 

South 
Wales 


Victoria 


Q'land 


South 
Australia 


West 
Australia 


Tas- 
mania 


North 
Tas- 
mania 


Federal 
Terri- 
tories 


Total 


Hay: 

Lucerne 

Oaten 

Wheaten .... 

Barley 

Rye 

Other 

Pulse: 

Beans 

Peas 

Root  Crops: 

Arrow  Root. . 

Carrots 

Mangolds .... 

Onions 

Potatoes: 

White 

Sweet 

Beet: 

Sugar 

Edible 

Turnips 

Other 

Vinegars: 

(Productive) 

Table  use . . 

Wine 

Drying .... 

Unproductive 

Hops 

Sugar  Cane: 

Productive . 

Unproductive 

Tobacco 

Brown  Millet 

Flax 

Pumpkins  and 
Melons . . 

Market    Oar- 
dens  .... 
Orchard  and 
Fruit  Gardens: 

Productive... 

Unproductive 

All  other .... 
Crops 


61.584! 

160,898| 

633,4381 

866 

747 


28.749 
672.905 
195.632 


314 
9,642 


860 
6,234 

73.618 


55,928 
30.041 1 
21.047 

1,056 
586 

4.306j 

26 

36 

324 

'263 
189| 

8,9061 
1,581 


2.855 
148,881 
323,633 
1.168 
1.124 
6.379 

35 
6.840 


1.320 
"524 


5.223 

6.746 

952 

1.720! 


930 

3.349 

14.325 

4.660 

87 


162 
147 


890 
233 


25 
104 

288 

4,737 


133 


3.119 
10,683 


39.494 

20,866 

1,094 


73 

1.143 

443 

2.064 

10.764 


56.631 

26,456 

2.342 


75,914 

91.307 

317 

1.063 


Total  Area  Un- 
der Crops. . . 


5.164.4391  4.851.335 


12,566 
2.305 


22.506 
2,787 
3,397 


113 
32 


886 

17.132 

6,358 

4,801 

3 


230 

51.255 

188.272 

274 

695 


13 
483 


46 
57 

6.838 
3 


203 
40 


1,226 

1,045 

223 

537 


345 
1,522 


20,809 

7.985 

482 


885.259;  3.627.477 


79,274 


334 
15,326 


82 

726 

21 

34,345 


2,186 


1,248 


660 
2.153 


13.253 

8.494 

706 


2.004,955 


448 


24.401 

13.979 

713 


140 


10 


26 


270,526 


825 
167 


12 


27 


26 


274 


2.131 


149,346 

1.144.079 

1,362,080 

3,364 

*  12.984 

735 
31.658 

342 

110 

1.952 

1,974 

7.059 
149,825 

1,974 
1,230 

3,636 


6.103 
25.201 
21,469 
12.621 

1.331 

81.137 

97,053 

1.342 

3,931 

443 

18.773 

27,884 


177,120 

80.567 

8,736 


16.806.380 


Total  yield  of  crops  in  the  several  states  and  territories  of 
1916-1917: 


the  Commonwealth  in 


« 

Unit  of 
Quantity 

Stath 

Crops 

New  South 
Wales 

Victoria 

Queensland 

South 
Australia 

North 
Australia 

Cereals: 

T>    1     f  Maltina 

Bushel 
•• 

•t 
.« 
II 
II 
II 

40.310 

33.060 

4.333.430 

1.083.030 

■3d.866 
36,585.380 

806.280 

993.504 

1.172.330 

8.289.289 

■    ■42.953 
51.162.438 

173.210 

76,957 

3.018.934 

108.664 

*"    V.668' 
2,463,141 

1,340.302 

394.118 

993 

1.839.541 

■**Vl',346' 
45,745,064 

66.143 

Bw'eyiother  .....::..:. 

67.912 

Maise 

949 

Oats 

Rice 

Rye 

1.689,352 
"*  3,604' 

Wheat 

16,103,216 

Other  Cereals 

267 

OrftJia  RaaH 

3.176 

13.174 

14,219 

26 

Continued  on  page  605 


AUSTRALIA 


Table  Continued: 


Crops 


Unit  of 
Quantity 


States 


New  South 
Wales 


Victoria       Queensland 


Bay: 

Lucerne § 

Oaten 

Wheaten 

Barley 

Rye 

Other 

Straw: 

Oaten 

Wheaten 

Other 

Pulse: 

Beans 

Peas 

Root  Crop: 

Arrow  Root 

Carrots 

Mangolds 

Onions 

Potatoes: 

Ordinary 

Sweet 

Beet  Sugar 

Beet  Edible 

Turnips 

Other 

Grapes: 

Portable 

For  wine 

For  raisins  and  currants . . . 

Total  grapes  and  currants 

Wine  made 

Raisins,  dried 

CurrantSj  dried • 

Hops,  dried 

Sugar  cane 

Tobacco 

Brown  Millers: 

Fibie 

Grain 

Flax: 

Fibre 

Seed... 

Pumpkins  and  Melons .  .  . 


Ton 
II 


•I 
•I 
II 
II 

It 
II 


147,365 
209,180 
813,582 
1,205 
^      746 


Bushel 
II 

Ton 


II 
ii 


li 
II 
II 
II 
II 


Gallon 
Pound 


II 
II 


Ton 
Pound 


Bushel 

Pound 
Bushel 

Ton 


6.162 
9.903 

1.020 
8,167 

146 

6 

226 

861 

45.296 
2,333 


1,477 
9 

2.214 

4.908 
326 

7.448 
628.950 
474,768 

2.276 


42.014 
929.401 
261.306 


78.302 


7.987 
154.964 


10,307 
28.163 

187.992 

■  15,159 

2,625 


74,797 
39.303 
23,297 

1.219 
634 

6.029 

1.398 

24.663 

778 

1.506 
726 

3.506 


143.558 
103.152 

8.795 
8.860 


2.606 

9,262 

38.792 

50,660 

1,302.660 

15,932.640 

66,449 

975 


1,639 
421 

19,457 
5,331 


827 
252 

668 
170 


838 
23.171 


11,504 


5,256 
4.095 

163,162 

2,962 

11.103 


1.579.514 
229,952 

2.271 
4.239 


37.511 


605 


South 
Australia 


North 
Australia 


6,681 
163.243 
436.813 

1,484 
770 

6.068 

4.967 
8,440 
2.450 

985 
100.282 


169 

998 

2,252 

20,343 


466 

44.472 

191,421 

240 

390 


740 
775 
128 

116 

6,135 


687 
285 

758 

18,966 

15.360 

35.074 

2.951.048 

3.989,888 

50.147 

10 


357 
233 

16.841 


647 
153 

1.940 

2.134 
640 

4.714 
220.439 
148.184 

1.843 


2.263 


1.674 


Uvesiock:    The  raising  of  fine  (merino)  sheep  and  the  export  of  wool  continues  to  be 
the  most  important  industry  apart  from  mining. 

Number  of  sheep  in  the  several  states  and  territories:         -—--—-==. 


New  South 
Wales 


Victoria 


Queensland 


South 
Australia 


West 
Australia 


Federal 


Common- 
wealth 


Under  500 

500  and  under 

1,000   •• 

2.000    " 

5.000 
10.000 
20,000 
50,000 

100,000  and  upw 
Traveling  flocks 


II 
II 
II 
II 


1.000 

2.000 

6.000 

10.000 

20.000 

50.000 

100,000 

aids. . . 


2.232.926 
2.649,735 
4,572,215 
7,247,502 
5,353,597 
6.869.576 
5.789.363 
1,850.872 
520.455 


Total 


2.926.979 
2,261.996 
2.255.242 
2,000.010 
1.494.718 
1,101,273 
504.799 


31.572 


202,338 
301,962 
604.779 
1.652.135 
2.131,248 
2,631,461 
3,985.965 
2,942,167 
1,072,238 


36.086.241    12.576.587 


15,524,293 


1,131.603 
691,220 
627,536 
738.636 
536,478 
620,239 
505,267 
106.089 
134,214 


5.091,282 


608,176 
489,516 
451.906 
613,563 
541.626 
1.266.713 
1,186,020 
372.440 


5.529,960 


12.013 
12.220 
11.851 
16.350 
26.733 
30,975 


7.114,033 

6,406.649 

8.523.529 

12,268.196 

10.084.400 

11,520.237 

11,971,404 

5,271.568 

1,726.907 

31,572 


110.142  74.918,505 


Wool  production  in  1916-1917  amounted  to  547,702,295  pounds,  valued  at  $174,784,604. 


rS 


1 


606' 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Details  of  the  number  of  flocks  in  the  several  states  and  territories  classified  according 
to  their  size: 


Sise  of  Flookfl 


Statss 


New 
South 
Walee 


Victoria 


Queensland 


South 
Australia 


Wert 
Australia 


Federal 


Common, 
wealth 


Number  of  Flooka 


Under  500. 

500  and 

1000  and 

2000  and 

5000  and 

10000  and 

20000  and 

50000  and 

100000  and 


imder 
under 
under 
under 
under 
under 


1000. 

2000. 

5000. 
10000. 
20000. 
50000. 


under  100000. 
upwards . 


Total. 


13,603 

3,705 

3.213 

2,371 

777 

417 

202 

28 

4 

24.320 


20,292 

3.311 

1,670 

699 

218 

82 

19 


26,291 


2,027 
401 
400 
488 
301 
183 
134 
43 
9 

3,986 


6.983 

977 

444 

216 

85 

43 

18 

2 

1 

8,769 


3.092 

674 

318 

190 

74 

89 

40 

5 


4,482 


61 

19 

9 

5 

4 
2 


100 


46,058 

9,087 

6.054 

3,969 

1,459 

816 

413 

78 

14 

67,948 


An  important  and  rapidly  developing  branch  of  the  livestock  industry  is  the  raising 
of  cattle  for  slaughter  and  the  preparation  of  frozen  and  salted  meat  products. 

The  most  recent  estimates  of  livestock  in  Australia  show  the  following  figures: 


Sheep. 
Cattle. 


91.676.281 
11,040.391 


Horses. 
Pigs.  .  . 


2.563,147 
1,045.610 


Statistical  information  covering  a  period  of  nearly  sixty  years  shows  that  the  livestock 
of  the  Commonwealth  increased  as  foUows:  Horses  by  479  per  cent,  cattle  by  202  per  cent, 
sheep  322  per  cent,  and  pigs  233  per  cent.  These  total  increases  represent  an  annual 
advance  of  3.13  per  cent  in  the  case  of  horses;  cattle,  1.96  per  cent;  sheep,  2.56  per  cent,  and 
pigs,  2.13  per  cent. 

Cattle  raising  is  extensively  carried  out  throughout  the  Commonwealth  for  dairying, 
the  product  of  which  is  used  both  for  home  consumption  and  for  export.  The  sub-tropical 
portions  of  the  continent  are  best  adapated  to  this  industry  and  the  greatest  progress  has 
been  made  in  Victoria,  New  South  Wales,  and  the  southern  portion  of  the  state  of  Queens- 
land.  The  tropical  areas  of  AustraUa,  however,  produce  the  finest  quality  of  beef  cattle 
and  these  are  extensively  raised  in  Northern  Queensland,  Northern  Territory,  and  the 
northern  parts  of  West  AustraUa.  There  is  practically  no  export  of  livestock  in  Australia 
and  the  Commonwealth's  imports  are  limited  to  animals  for  stud  purposes.  The  products 
both  of  cattle-raising  and  dairy  fanning  form  a  very  important  element  in  the  export 
trade  of  Australia.  The  number  of  cattle  slaughtered  in  Australia  in  1917-18  was  1,345,- 
459  and  the  quantity  of  beef  preserved  by  the  cold  storage  process  and  exported  during 
the  same  year  was  180,249,301  pounds. 


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Gold  production  of  Australia,   1899  to  1917,  inclusive: 


Year 


Value 


Year 


Value 


1899. 
1900. 
1901. 
1902. 
1903. 
1904. 
1905. 
1906. 
1907. 
1908. 


$70,631,303 
65,844,324 
70,473.557 
71,986,062 
79,192.164 
76,991,084 
75,577,422 
71,184,283 
65.699,472 
63.479,862 


1909 

1910 

1911 

1912 

1913 

1914 

1915 

1916 

1917 

Total  for  19  years 


$61,290,271 
56,180,822 
51,260,441 
48,004,198 
45,559,622 
40,240,552 
40.193.847 
34,382,910 
30,050,220 


$1,118,222,416 


Fisheries:  Statistics  as  to  the  fisheries  of  the  several  states  and  territories : 


State  or  Territory 


Number 
of  Boats 
engaged 


Value  of 
Boats  and 
Equipment 


Number 
of  Men 

em- 
ployed 


Total  take  of 


Fish 
lbs. 


.  Spring 
Lobster 
(Crayfish) 
doi. 


Value  of  take 


Fish 


Spring 

Lobsters 

(Crayfish) 


New  South  Wales 

Victoria 

Queensland 

South  Australia 

Western  Australia 

Tasmania 

Northern  Territory  (1916) 


1.007 
685 
613 
850 
243 
170 
13 


Commonwealth 3,681 


$281,602 
290,943 
147,914 
155,520 
101,753 
99,144 
1,701 

$1,078,577 


3,006 

883 

1.138 

1.203 

487 

310 

75 

7,102 


18,963.952 
9,900,464 
6,070.400 

14,672,000 
2,771,552 

213,926 

52,592,288 


10,561 
15,071 

cwt."ll,66b 
7,067 


$1,126,941 
628,058 
337,808 
1,144,530 
218,700 
225,990 
26,691 

$3,608,718 


$38,496 
40,955 

'  68,646 
16,717 


$163,208 


Timber'  The  forest  area  of  Australia  is  estimated  at  102,000,000  acres;  of  this  amount 
14,137,746  acres  have  been  speciaUy  reserved  for  tunber.  The  amount  of  timber  cut  in 
the  several  states  during  1916  totaled  472,331,701  superficial  feet,  ^nd  was^tnbut^  as 
foUows:  New  South  Wales,  125,243,000  superficial  feet;  Victoria  jo^f, 400  superficia 
feet;  Queensland,  121,850,658  superficial  feet;  South  Austraha,  2,824^  superficial  feet, 
West  AustraUa,  100,356,217  superficial  feet;  and  Tasmania,  52,019,221  superficial  feet. 


Manufacturing: 

The  tables  on  the  following  pages  give  the  number  of  factories  and  employes  in  each 
manufacturing  industry  in  the  various  states: 


610 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


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Post  and  Telegraph: 

Offices  number  8,483.    Wireless  telegraph  stations  are  in  operation  in  Melbourne, 
Sydney,  Brisbane,  Adelaide,  Perth,  Hobart  and  other  places. 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures: 
As  in  Great  Britain. 

Language: 

English  only  is  used. 

Local  Advertising  Media: 

Principal  advertising  media  in  AustraUa  are  the  daily  and  weekly  newspapers.  There  are 
likewise  important  monthly  magazines  and  trade  and  class  papers.  Posters  and  electric 
display  signs,  as  well  as  railway  stations  and  tram  cars  are  extensively  employed  as  media. 

Shipping  Routes: 

American  &  Australian  S.  S.  Line. 

United  States  &  Australasia  S.  S.  Co. 

Luckenbach  Steamship  Co.,  Inc. 

Shipments  to  AustraUa  may  also  be  made  via  the  Western  Pacific  or  Canadian  Pacific 
railways,  for  transshipment  at  San  Francisco  or  Vancouver,  B.  C,  or  via  England. 

Customs  Tariff: 

The  tariff  of  AustraUa  embraces  many  classifications  on  which  both  ad  valorem- 
There  is  a  preferential  tariff  in  favor  of  the  products  of  the  United  Kingdom.  Catalogues 
are  subject  to  a  duty  of  about  16  cents  a  pound,  or  35  per  cent  ad  valorem,  whichever 
returns  the  highest  duty.  There  is  a  duty  of  10  d.  ($0.20)  per  pound  on  advertising  matter 
including  catalogues. 
Consular  Representation:  United  States  consular  officials  are  stationed  at  Melbourne, 

Sydney  and  Adelaide. 
Consular  Regulations:  No  consular  documents  are  required.     Invoices  should  show  fair 

market  value  for  home  consumption  in  country  of  export  at  date  of  invoicing. 

Cable  Rates:  Via  Azores,  $0.99  per  word,  via  Northern,  $2.23,  from  New  York  or  New 

England  States. 
Postal  Rates:  Postal  Union  rates. 
Mail  Time:  To  Brisbane,  via  Victoria,  B.  C,  28  days;  to  Adelaide,  via  Victoria,  30  days, 

to  Melbourne,  29  days. 
Parcels  Post:  Service  extends  to  AustraUa.     Packages  cannot  be  registered.     A  delivery 

charge  of  12  cents  per  pound  is  collected  on  all  packages. 

Money  Orders:    Issued  for  Western  AustraUa  and  Victoria. 
International  Reply  Coupons:  Issued. 


NORFOLK  ISLAND 


Attached  to  the  administration  of  Australia  is  Norfolk  Island,  population  985.   Imports 
1916-1917,  chiefly  from  Commonwealth  and  New  Zealand,  $80,995,  exports  $42,768. 


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616 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


PACIFIC  ISLANDS 

Islands  in  the  Pacific  include  the  Caroline  Islands,  the  Fiji  Islands,  Marshall  Islands, 
Marquesas  Islands,  New  Caledonia,  Society  Islands,  Samoan  Islands,  Tonga,  or  Friendly 
Islands,  Gilbert  and  EUice  Islands,  New  Hebrides,  and  other  smaller  island  possessions  of 
France  and  Great  Britain. 


THE  CAROLINE,  MARIANNE  AND  PALAU  ISLANDS 

These  islands  have  a  native  population  of  about  55,000  and  a  white  population  of  less 
than  300.  The  native  population  is  of  Malay,  Chinese  and  Japanese  origin.  The  island 
of  Yap,  with  7,155  inhabitants,  is  chiefly  important  as  a  possible  cable  and  wireless  station. 
The  principal  export  of  these  islands  is  copra. 

Guam,  the  largest  of  the  Marianne  Islands,  is  a  possession  of  the  United  States,  and 
has  an  area  of  225  square  miles  and  a  population  of  14,344.  It  is  a  naval  station,  and  the 
ports  are  closed  except  by  special  permission  of  the  Navy  Department.  Imports,  1918, 
$358,146;  exports,  $131,757.  Principal  products  are  copra,  maize,  rice,  sweet  potatoes  and 
coffee.  There  are  about  4,000  head  of  cattle,  including  900  water  buffaloes.  Monthly 
mail  service  from  San  Francisco  by  government  transports.  A  government  radio  station 
is  on  the  island,  and  it  is  a  cable  station.  Currency,  weights  and  measures  as  in  the  United 
States. 

Shipping  routes:  See  Phihppine  Islands. 

Cable  rates:  Via  San  Francisco,  $0.97  per  word  from  New  York  or  New  England  states. 

Postal  rates:  United  States  domestic  postage  rates  to  Guam. 

Parcels  post:  As  in  United  States  to  Guam. 

Money  orders:    Issued  for  the  Caroline  Islands. 

International  reply  coupons:    Not  issued. 


THE  FIJI  ISLANDS 

The  Fiji  Islands,  a  possession  of  Great  Britain,  comprises  a  group  of  200  islands,  of 
which  about  180  are  inhabited.  The  three  principal  islands,  Viti  Levu,  Vanua  Levu 
and  Rotuma  have  a  combined  area  of  7,083  square  miles.  In  1911  the  total  population  was 
139,541,  of  whom  3,707  were  Europeans,  87,096  Fijians,  40,286  natives  of  British  India  and 
2,758  Polynesians.  The  principal  town  and  seat  of  government  is  Suva,  on  the  southern 
coast  of  the  island  of  Viti  Levu,  with  a  European  population  of  1,376  in  1911. 

Area  under  cultivation  in  1917,  142,474  acres,  of  which  45,800  acres  were  under  cocoa- 
nuts,  68,500  were  under  sugar  cane,  18,500  were  under  rice,  1,170  were  under  rubber,  2,300 
were  under  maize  and  2,870  were  under  bananas.  Tobacco,  tea  and  sisal  are  grown  in 
small  quantities.  There  were  about  48,000  head  of  cattle,  and  11,000  goats  on  the  islands 
in  1917. 


FIJI  ISLANDS 


617 


Manufacturing  enterprises  include  six  sugar  mills,  twenty-two  boat  buildmg  yards, 
four  saw  miUs,  five  fibre  mUls,  two  rice  and  two  soap  mUls,  one  butter  and  one  rubber  miU. 

United  States  statistics  of  foreign  trade  include  trade  with  the  Fiji  Islands  and  vanoi^ 
other  British  possessions  in  Oceania  in  the  general  classification  of  trade  with  British 
Oceania  other  than  Australia  and  New  Zealand.  The  value  of  this  trade  m  the  calendar 
year  1919  was   exports,  $725,354;  imports,  $4,736,956. 

Foreign  trade:  1913,  imports,  $4,393,304;  exports,  $6,929,068;  1914,  imports,  $4,496,- 
376  exports,  $6,755,743;  1915,  imports,  $4,258,296,  exports,  $7,164,572;  1916,  imports, 
$4  269,510,  exports,  $10,954,649;  1917,  imports,  $4,915,442;  exports,  $10  052,428.  Over 
thiee-quarters  of  the  trade  of  the  islands  is  carried  on  with  Great  Britain  and  its  possessions. 
Principal  imports  are  clothing,  flour  and  crackers,  hardware,  oils,  bags,  timber,  machmery 
and  foodstuffs.  Principal  exports  are  sugar  (97,335  tons  in  1917),  copra  (15,368  tons  in 
1917),  fruit,  shell  and  rubber. 
Language:    English  is  the  commercial  language  of  the  Fiji  Islands. 

Shipping  routes:  See  Australia. 

Cable  rates  * 

Suva,  $0.58  per  word;  Pevuka,  $0.60;  Labasa,   Savusavu  and  Taveuni,  $0.64  from 

New  York  or  New  England  states. 

Postal  rates:  Postal  Union  rates. 

Mail  time:  Twenty-three  days. 

Parcel  post:  Service  does  not  extend  to  Fiji  Islands. 

Money  orders:  Issued. 

International  reply  coupons:  Not  issued. 


MARSHALL  ISLANDS 

Two  chains  of  islands,  one  of  thirteen  islands,  called  the  Ratack,  and  one  of  eleven 
islands,  named  the  Ralick.  European  population,  180;  native,  about  15,000.  Prmcipal 
product,  phosphate.    Area  of  cocoanut  plantation,  4,384  acres. 


THE  NEW  HEBRIDES 

A  group  of  nine  large  and  many  smaUer  islands  under  the  joint  protectorate  of  Great 
Britain  and  France.  Area,  about  5,000  square  miles;  population  about  75,000.  There  are 
about  250  British  and  420  French  subjects  resident.  Copra  and  kauri  wood,  prepared  m  a 
factory  on  one  of  the  islands  are  the  principal  exports.  Maize,  bananas  and  coffee  are 
grown  and  exported  to  a  limited  extent.  Imports  are  clothing,  foodstuffs,  furniture  and 
metal  work.  There  is  steamship  communication  with  other  Pacific  Islands  and  with 
AustraUa. 

Cables:  Mail  from  Sydney. 
Postal  rates:  Postal  Union  rates. 
Mail  time:  About  thirty  days. 

Parcel  Post: 

Goods  can  be  sent  by  parcel  post  to  the  New  Hebrides  via  England  at  the  regular 

12  cent  rate  plus  transit  charges. 
Money  orders:  Not  issued. 
International  reply  coupons:  Not  issued. 


i 


f 


618 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


SANTA  "^ 

S^CROZ  IS.  'y. 


COPAL    S^A 


NEW 
HEBRIDES 


FIJI 
\SlNtiDS 


NEW 

CALEDONi 


tOYALTY 
ISLANDS 


tf       M* 


NEW  ZEALAND 

A  group  of  islands  in  the  South  Pacific  Ocean  about  1200  miles  east  of  Australia 
Ihere  are  two  principal  islands  known  as  North  and  South  Island,  and  numerous  smaller 
ones.    New  Zealand  is  a  British  Colonial  Dominion.     Its  area  is  approximately  equivalent 
to  that  of  the  combined  states  of  Pennsylvania,  Maryland,  Virginia,  and  Delaware     The 
principal  cities  are  Auckland,  Wellington,  and  Christchurch. 

The  climate  of  New  Zealand  is  cold  and  rainy  in  winter  and  mild  in  summer    the 
seasons  bemg  the  reverse  of  ours. 


NEW  ZEALAND 


619 


Although  Australia  and  New  Zealand  are  frequently  considered  a  single  market,  it 
must  be  remembered  that  the  trip  between  Sydney,  Australia,  and  Wellington,  New  Zea- 
land, requires  three  days.    The  population  of  New  Zealand  is  largely  of  Scotch  origin. 

The  principal  industries  of  New  Zealand  are  the  raising  of  livestock,  agriculture, 
fruit  growing  and  mining.  Of  the  livestock  raised  sheep,  bred  chiefly  on  North  Island, 
are  the  most  important,  and  New  Zealand  is  one  of  the  world's  great  sources  of  supply  of 
wool.  There  has  likewise  been  a  tendency  to  breed  sheep  for  their  meat  rather  than  their 
wool,  and  large  quantities  of  frozen  mutton  are  exported  annually. 

The  dairy-farming  industry  is  of  great  importance  and  is  rapidly  developing,  aided  in 
part  by  the  fact  that  the  productive  and  distributing  systems  are  cooperatively  organized. 
The  purchasing  power  of  the  agricultural  cooperative  associations  is  very  great,  and  they 
are  among  the  largest  importers  of  agricultural  implements  and  other  equipment  in  New 
Zealand. 

Besides  the  cereal  crops,  hemp  is  extensively  cultivated  and  large  quantities  are 
annually  exported.  The  timber  resources  of  New  Zealand  are  various,  and  lumbering  has 
been  actively  carried  on  for  many  years.  Mineral  products  include  gold,  coal,  silver, 
copper,  iron,  lead  and  zinc.  Kauri  gum,  which  is  largely  used  for  the  manufacture  of 
varnishes,  paints,  oils,  and  turpentine,  is  likewise  an  important  product. 

Manufacturing  has  been  developed  within  recent  years,  but  apart  from  frozen  meat, 
dairy  products,  flax  and  lumber,  manufactured  articles  do  not  enter  into  New  Zealand's 
exports  and  manufacturing  has  reached  the  extent  only  of  supplying  certain  of  the  more 
common  articles  of  domestic  consumption.  An  interesting  feature  of  the  industrial  life 
of  New  Zealand  is  the  existence  of  legislation  providing  for  the  compulsory  arbitration  of 
industrial  disputes.  For  over  twenty  years  the  legislative  policy  of  the  country  has  been 
of  a  more  or  less  radical  nature. 

The  per  capita  foreign  trade  of  New  Zealand  is  one  of  the  highest  in  the  world.  The 
per  capita  imports  in  1918  amounted  to  $106.81;  the  per  capita  exports  in  the  same  year 
amounted  to  $126.02.  The  total  per  capita  foreign  trade  of  New  Zealand  in  1918  amounted 
to  $232.83.  During  that  year  20  per  cent,  of  New  Zealand's  imports  were  supplied  by 
the  United  States,  while  14  per  cent,  of  New  Zealand's  exports  were  purchased  by  the 

United  States. 

Area  and  Population 

There  are  two  principal  islands,  the  North  and  South,  besides  Stewart  Islands,  the 
Cook  Islands  and  other  small  groups.  Area  of  North  Island,  44,130  square  miles;  popu- 
lation 1916,  651,072.  Area  of  South  Island,  58,210  square  miles;  population  (including 
Stewart  Island,  area  662  square  miles,  and  Chatham  Islands),  448,337.  Total  population 
1916,  1,162,293,  including  49,776  natives  (Maoris)  and  12,797  inhabitants  of  Cook  Islands 
and  other  Pacific  islands. 

Area  and  population  of  provincial  districts  1916: 


Provincial  District 

Square  miles 

Population 
1916 

Auckland 

25,364 
3,732 
4,241 

10,807 
4,225 

10,875 
4,881 

13,858 

13,957 
11,355 

308,766 

Taranaki   ...                        

55,925 

Hawke's  Bay 

54,267 

Wellington 

232.114 

Marlhnmiigh ,  , 

16,608 

Nelson 

43.251 

Westland 

15,502 

Canterbury 

181.869 

Otago: 
Otaffo  Portion            

131,518 

Southland  Portion 

59,629 

Totals 

103,295 

1.099.449 

( 


620 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


NEW  ZEALAND 


621 


Population  of  principal  cities:  Auckland,  133,712;  Wellington,  95,235;  Christchurch, 
92,733;  Dunedin,  68,716;  Wanganui,  19,517;  Invercargill,  17,862;  Napier,  15,131;  Palmers- 
ton  North,  14,006;  Timani,  13,716;  Gisborne,  12,660;  Nelson,  9,962;  New  Plymouth, 
9,795;  Grey  Valley  Boroughs,  8,373. 

Commerce 

Eleven  year  table  of  the  total  foreign  trade  of  the  United  States  with  New  Zealand : 


Year 

Exports 

Imports 

Excess  of 
exports  (*) 

June 
30— 

Domestic 

Foreign 

Total 

Free 

Dutiable 

Total 

Per 
cent 
free 

or 
imports  (-) 

1909 
1910 
1911 
1912 
1913 
1914 
1915 
1916 
1917 
1918 
1919 

$5,455,450 

5,573.122 

7,552,348 

7,787.365 

9,074,279 

8,915,434 

8.332,804 

15,093,167 

16,828,063 

17,332,936 

$68,097 

3,966 

3.614 

3,781 

5.218 

34.690 

33,169 

78,849 

15,324 

45,742 

$5,463,547 

5.577.088 

7,555.962 

7,791.236 

9.079,497 

8,950.124 

8.365.973 

15.172.016 

16.843.387 

17.378.678 

27.999.468 

$1,866,659 
2.581.340 
2.197.409 
1,785.241 
2,846.009 
4.695.220 
3.469.228 

10.305.461 
6.021.030 

11,817,583 

$980,996 

1,586.785 

479,461 

651,120 

1.539.153 

429.816 

69,801 

73,656 

134,753 

19.195 

$2,847,655 
4,168.125 
2,676.870 
2,436.361 
4,385.162 
5,125.036 
3,539.020 

10.379.117 
6.155.783 

11,836.778 

24.750.634 

65.55 
61.93 
82.10 
73.27 
64.90 
91.61 
98.03 
99.29 
97.81 
99.84 

+$2,615,892 
+1,408,963 
+4,879.092 
+5,354,875 
4,694.335 
+3,825,088 
+4.826.944 
+4.792.899 

+10.687.604 
+5.541,900 
+3,248,834 

Imports  by  principal  countries  of  origin,  and  exports  by  principal  countries  of  destina- 
tion, for  the  three  months  ending  June,  1919,  as  compared  with  the  same  period  in  1918: 


Country 


Imports 


1918 


1919 


Exports 


1918 


1919 


United  Kingdom .  . 

Canada 

Australia 

France 

Italy 

Netherlands 

Sweden 

China 

Japan 

Philippine  Islands. 

United  States 

All  other  countries. 


Total . 


$9,116,415 

1.130.760 

6.632.134 

33.005 

61.716 

13.379 

88.050 

137.031 

1.233,005 

75,333 

5.449,206 

2,224.024 


$26,190,058 


$14,575,114 

1,925.148 

5,620.097. 

112,027 

16,587 

438 

52,787 

58.967 

1,845.289 

38.249 

9,205.422 

3,418,369 


$36,867,494 


$22,528,059 

2,040.884 

2,334,723 

2.922,187 

44 


328 

2,102 

9 

7,045,669 

2,895.347 


$39,769,352 


$67,552,937 

690,210 

2.732.190 

369 

815 

lfl6 

9 

1.674 

4.890 

'3,412.288 
1.461.446 


$75,856,403 


Total  trade  of  New  Zealand  with  foreign  countries  during  1914,  1916  and  1918: 


Countries 


Imports 


1914 


1916 


1918 


Exports 


1914 


1916 


1918 


United  Kingdom.  , 

Canada 

Australia 

Belgium 

France 

Germany 

Italy 

Netherlands 

Sweden 

China 

Japan 

Philippine  Islands . 

United  States 

All  other  countries. 


$58,329,606 

2.331.735 

3.376.371 

537.218 

718,670 

1,997.572 

269,190 

618,230 

388.429 

159.646 

912,473 

107.121 

11,110.054 

25,506,376 


$67,495,703 

3,685,333 

19,476.565 

21,072 

551.628 

20.863 

503.615 

344,840 

500.081 

336,392 

2.739.712 

152,176 

19.319.639 

13,032.502 


$43,690,100 

4,530.536 

24.981.618 

10 

164,405 

1.868 

278.969 

113.264 

340.013 

561.419 

5.912.140 

173.003 

24,238,831 

12,948,312 


Total $106,362,691    $128,180,121  a$l  17,934.488    $127,809,476    $161,990,879  b$138.566,273 


$104,064,705 

2,898,541 

9,384,607 

7,592 

1,104.827 

2,219.917 

4.417 

3,645 

2,915 

813 

289,596 

151 

5.003,025 

2,824,725 


$130,762,797 

3.367.550 

10,665.066 

10 

1,485.952 

24 

161 

5 

44 

813 

535,533 

10 

12,136,988 

3,035,926 


$88,784,304 
8,728.437 
8,572,937 

3,941,899 

223 


5 

1.630 

26.352 

10 

19,688,144 

8,821,327 


Value  of  principal  articles  of  import  in  1914,  1916  and  1918: 


Articles 


Agricultural  machinery 

Apples,  fresh.  ....•••. 

Bars,  bolts,  and  rods,  iron 

Bensene •  • 

Benioline,  gasolme,  etc • ,•••.•••,••; 

Bicycles  and  tricycles  (including  motoicyclea  and  tncycles) 

Books,  paper,  and  music,  printed 

Boots,  shoes,  etc 

Canvas ; 

Carbide  of  calcium.  •••••.••••• 

Carpeting,  mattmg.  and  oilcloth 

Cigars. 


Cigarettes 

Coal 

Confectionery. 

Cordage  and  twine 

Corrugated  galvanieed  sheet  iron . .  . 

Cotton  piece  goods 

Currants 

Dairying  machinery 

Drapery 

Earthenware  and  chinaware 

Electrical  machinery 

Engines,  gas,  etc .  . 

Fencing  wire,  barbed 

Fencing  wire,  plain 

Fi«8.  d&*e3,  and  prunes 

Glass  and  glassware 

Grain  and  pulse,  etc 

Hardware 

Hats  and  caps 

Hosiery • .•  •  •  • 

India-rubber  goods  other  than  tires. 

Kerosene 

Leather • 

Leather  raanufactures  and  saddlery. 

Linseed  oil 

Lumber,  superficial 

Manures 

Matches  and  vestas 

Millinery 

Mineral  lubricating  oil 

Nails 

Paints,  colors,  and  varnishes 

Paper,  printing ■ 

Paper,  other 

Pianos 

Pit?  and  bar  lead 

Pig  and  scrap  iron 

Pipes  and  fittings 

Railway  and  tramway  plant 

Raisins 

Rice 

Sacks 

Seeds,  grass,  and  clover 

Sewing  machines 

Silk  piece  goods 

Spirits  (not  including  beer) 

Stationery 

Sugar 

Tea 

Tobacco,  manufactured 

Tinned  sheets  and  plates 

Tools 

Vehicles,  motor 

Wearing  apparel 

Wine 

Woolen  piece  goods 

All  other  articles 


Total . 


1914 


$792,227 
142.695 
881.561 
1,412.587 
610,931 
297,869 
1,227.068 
1,863.100 
444,720 
203,308 
1,026,500 
161,295 
1,122.414 
2,718,252 
826.638 
405.053 
1.230.027 
4,279.712 
199,322 
303.801 
1,380.777 
603,714 
1,908.485 
763,427 
279,098 
658,773 
179.058 
870.592 
256,995 
1,791.354 
653,478 
976,030 
233,305 
775,574 
589,659 
400,537 
226,574 
1,783,178 
2,492,582 
157,222 
512,209 
334,907 
285.138 
868.475 
1,105,683 
457,198 
461,208 
124.842 
233,387 
1,203,120 
784,923 
360,549 
339,317 
1,281,851 
478,386 
195,867 
682,580 
1,846,880 
669,183 
3,403.177 
2,092.560 
1,717,138 
374,389 
742,526 
3.648,359 
5.696.321 
386,040 
1,768.384 
37,278.612 


1916 


$678,307 
124,062 
1,227,779 
1,801,457 
867,055 
608,765 
1,256.165 
1,920,730 
443,080 
172,512 
1,245,693 
112,100 
1,552,389 
922,328 
877,396 
574,135 
941,979 
8,245,179 
170.371 
413,025 
1,516,090 
773,598 
2,308,935 
333.331 
117,789 
639,755 
174,917 
1,048,955 
502,384 
1,861,115 
675,095 
1,786,473 
231,115 
768,654 
951.167 
425.391 
338.411 
711,550 
1,662.703 
226.506 
478,207 
566.300 
495.118 
1,097.654 
1.424.926 
918,621 
476,173 
101,642 
168,113 
1,237.229 
457,850 
697,053 
291,397 
1,366,343 
660.092 
238.677 
1,426.376 
3,416.788 
853,268 
4,802.097 
1,880,007 
1,815,895 
887,859 
641,692 
3,907,951 
5.957,667 
414.544 
4,096,722 
46,185,419 


$106,362,691  (a)$128,180.121 


1918 


$465,374 
27,417 
285,021 
2,260,318 
1,798.736 
231.598 
1.401,703 
2,340.280 
733,506 
206,622 
563,088 
52,028 
1,413.066 
983.529 
292,457 
378,083 
247.822 
11,167.099 
191,311 
324,318 
1,014,943 
416.553 
1,671.132 
235,709 
124,602 
656,593 
187,725 
656,593 
2,650.013 
83t>.668 
756.239 
1,515.078 
319.705 
813.723 
1.044.093 
308,097 
669,801 
683,816 
1,300.927 
469,851 
459,329 
899.718 
282,890 
1,091.551 
1,366.975 
737.314 
193.190 
73.254 
65.600 
676.750 
254.099 
788.996 
410,781 
1,581.335 
708.903 
313,699 
2.280.583 
4.011.261 
690,298 
4,403.973 
2.020,785 
1,814,172 
694,819 
417,288 
2,196,952 
4,632,582 
334,367 
1,848.253 
41.220.235 


(b)$l  17.934,488 


Rote:     (a)  Includes  specie  imported,     (b)  Includes  specie  imported  other  than  gold  specie. 


i1 


I 


Note:     (a)  Imports  other  than  gold  specie,     (b)  Exports  other  than  gold  specie. 


622 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Value  of  principal  exports  during  1914, 

1916  and  1918: 

Articles 

1914 

1916 

1918 

Beans  and  peas 

$443,231 

11.380.680 

678,643 

12,478,314 

1,373,146 

4,357,304 

2,420,811 

2,215,299 

1,745,219 

106.143 

199,356 

593,572 

2,056.315 

28.182.982 

541.238 

807.498 

422.198 

4,169,773 

302,137 

3,379,045 

180,138 

45,346,602 

4.429.832 

$127,801,332 

$187,579 

12.810,054 

957.654 

17.102,389 

1.589,170 

5.835.965 

1.651,413 

4.874.895 

2.947,483 

85.806 

171,023 

534,702 

1.856.458 

34.887.690 

1,214.284 

146.968 

371.825 

4,465,661 

414,193 

3.821,853 

374,269 

60,276.829 

5,412,716 

$161,990,879 

$346,894 

Butter 

16,556,918 

Csusings 

1.254,929 

Cheese 

19,890,252 

Coal 

1,105,805 

Gold 

(a) 

Gum  kauri 

765.564 

Hemp 

6.753.549 

Hides 

2.589,182 

Hops 

54,670 

Leather 

136,724 

Live  stock 

325,666 

Lumber 

2,707,278 

Meat,  frozen 

24,127.795 

Meat.  Dotted  and  preserved 

2,223.621 

Oats 

4.244 

Rabbit  skins 

1,458,806 

S^if^P  skin»».  ,,.,-■,,,.,.,,..,,    1 

8,825,891 

Silver 

834,381 

Tallow 

4.124,933 

Tow 

99,199 

Wool 

36.631.440 

All  other  articles 

7,748,582 

Total 

(b)  $138,566,323 

Notk:    (a)  Not  available  for  publication.        (b)  Excluding  gold. 


Production  and  Industry 

Agriculture: 

About  17,000,000  acres  of  land  are  under  forest.  In  1918,  17,386,160  acres  were 
under  cultivation,  of  which  17,296,118  acres  were  in  growth  and  90,042  acres  in  fallow. 
In  the  same  3rear  217,743  acres  under  wheat  produced  6,761,249  bushels;  177,524  acres 
under  oats  produced  6,371,000  bushels  and  29,646  acres  under  barley  produced  738,000 
bushels. 


There  were  in  1917,  126,398  persons  engaged  in  agriculture,  the  raising  of  livestock 
and  dairying.  The  livestock  in  1918  was  composed  of  378,991  horses,  2,888,214  head  of 
cattle,  26,538,302  sheep,  258,269  pigs  and  3,468,000  poultry.  Wool  production  in  1918 
amounted  to  208,891,483  pounds.    The  largest  land  holdings  are  on  the  South  Island. 


Number  and  size  of  land  holdings  in  New  Zealand  in  1917: 


Sixe  of  Holdings 

Number 

of 
Holdings 

Acres 

Sise  of  Holdings 

Number 

of 
Holdings 

Acres 

1  to       10  acres 

11  "       50     "    

51  "      100     "     

101  "      200     "     

201  ••      320     "     

321  ••      640     "     

641  "  1.000     ••     

15.832 
13,097 
9,399 
12,609 
8,157 
9,800 
4,022 

72.071 
368,068 
730.703 
1.873.968 
2.096.827 
4.465,009 
3,242,427 

1,001  to    5,000  acres 

6,001  ••  10.000     ••    

10.001  "  20,000     ••     

20.001  ••  50.000     "    

50.001    acres  and  over .... 

Total 

5.540 

562 

281 

173 

64 

10.911.716 
3.929.618 
3.975.105 
6.442,567 
5.636.640 

79,536 

42,744,719 

NEW  ZEALAND 


623 


Mineral  Production: 

Metals  and  minerals  obtained  during  the  year  1916  and  total  value  of  all  mineral 
products  since  1853: 


Mineral 


1916 


Quantity 


Value 


Total  value 
since  1853 


292,620  o» 
787.053  o» 

$5,810,570 
413.639 

$417,119,700 

10.602,056 

93,355 

184,689 

267,013 

300,8.-)8 

2,279 

en) 

266  tons 

238,480 

979,533 

64.341 

7,335  tons 

2,257,135  tons 

5,456  tons 

71,024 
6,274,401 
1,651,826 

1.092.902 

116.159.326 

86.877.467 

35.167 

$14,459,940 

$633,778,686 

Gold 

Silver 

Copper  ore .  . 
Chrome  ore . . 
Antimony .  . . 
Manganese.  . 

Hematite 

Scheelite  (timgsten) 

Sulphur 

Mixed  minerals 

Coal 

Kauri-Gum.  ... 
Shale 

Total 


Gold  output  for  the  years  1900,  1905,  1910  and  1914: 


1900 

1905 

1910 

1914 

Fine  ounces— 338,912 
Value— $72,987,674 

Fine  ounces — ^992.954 
Value— $85,753,951 

Fine  ounces — 446,431 
Value— $65,367,767 

Fine  ounces — 210.787 
Value— $46,778,987 

Annual  exports  of  tungsten  ore,  1907-1916: 


Year 

Tons 

Value 

Year 

Tons 

Value 

1907   .                        .... 

137 
68 
68 
143 
138 
135 

$75,262 
29.427 
20,718 
73.240 
57.605 
64.866 

1913.. 

221 
204 
194 
266 

$111,454 

1908                            .    ... 

1914 

104,480 

1909 

1915 

135,130 

1910 

1916 

238.480 

1Q11 

Total 

1912 

1.564 

$910,662 

Coal  output,  1907-1916: 


Year 

Tons 

Year 

Tons 

1907 

1,831,009 
1,860.975 
1,911,247 
2.197,362 
2.066,073 

1912   

2,177.615 

1908. . 

1913                       

1,888,005 

1909.. 

1914     

2,275,614 

1910 

1915 

2.208,624 

1911... 

1916     

2,257,135 

'  f 


624 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


NEW  ZEALAND 


625 


Manufactures: 

Number  of  factories,  number  of  employees,  value  of  the  annual  output  and  the  value 
of  land,  buildings,  machinery,  etc.,  of  concerns  engaged  in  each  line  of  manufacturing  in 
New  Zealand: 


Description  of  Manufactories 


Number 

of 
works 


Number 

of 
employees 


Value 

of 

product 


Value  of  land, 

buildings, 
machinery,  etc. 


Animal  Food: 

Meat  freezing  and  preserving  works 

Ham  and  bacon  curing  works 

Fish  curing  and  preserving  works 

Butter  and  cheese  factories , 

Condensed  milk  factories 

Vegetable  Food: 

Grain  mills 

Biscuit  factories 

Fruit  preserving 

Sugar-boiling  and  confectionery  works .  .  ,  . 

Sugar-refining  works 

Baking  powder  factories 

Drinks,  narcotics,  and  stimulants : 

Breweries 

Malthouses 

Colonial  wine  making 

Aerated  water  factories 

Coffee  and  spice  works 

Tobacco  and  cigarette  works 

Sauces,  pickles,  and  vinegar  factories 

Animal  matters  not  otherwise  classed : 

Soap  and  candle  factories 

Glue  factory 

Sausage  casing  factories 

Boiling  down  and  manure  works 

Workings  in  wood:  ■ 

Cooperages 

Sawmills,  sash  and  door  factories 

Woodenware  and  turnery  factories 

Vegetable  products  for  fodder: 

Chaff  cutting  establishments 

Seed  dressing  establishments 

Paper  manufacture: 

Paper  mills 

Paper  bag  and  box  factories 

Gas  works 

Electric  light  and  supply  works 

Electric  tramways 

Processes  relating  to  stone,  clay,  glass,  etc.: 

Lime  and  cement  works 

Brick  tile  and  pottery  works 

Glass  beveling  and  leadlights 

Electroplating  works 

Pumice  works 

Concrete  and  fibrous  plaster  works 

Metals  other  than  gold  or  silver: 

Tinned  plate  ana  sheet-metal  factories.  .  . 
Iron  and  brass  foundries,  engineering,  etc. 

Range-making  works 

Wirework  factories 

Books  and  publications: 

Printing  offices 

Musical  instruments  factories 

Ornaments,  minor  art  products: 

Picture  frame  makers _. 

Basket  and  perambulator  factories 

Jewelers  and  watchmakers 

Eauipment  for  sports  and  games: 

Billiard  table  factories 

Designs,  medals,  types  and  dies: 

Rubber  stamp  making  and  engraving .  .  . . 

Ammunition  and  explosives. 

Machines,  tools  and  implements: 

Agricultural  machinery  works 

Brush  and  broom  factories 


45 

28 

14 

348 

4 

53 
12 
16 
22 
1 
7 

55 
18 

2 

143 

11 

2 
20 

18 

2 

16 

34 

21 

292 

73 

11 
22 

3 
12 
56 
42 

9 

16 
74 
13 
8 
1 
22 

115 

164 

10 

11 

266 

4 

28 
22 
73 


6 
5 

16 
12 


5,982 
199 

79 
1,814 

94 

388 
920 
278 
463 
297 
68 

735 

87 

8 

505 

62 

6 

168 

244 

52 

239 

351 

390 

5,870 

781 

35 
46 

146 
152 
598 
223 
1,954 

550 

855 

100 

29 

55 

86 

475 

2,783 

235 

53 

4,202 
12 

48 
114 
247 

41 

15 
162 

756 
165 


$61,301,692 

2,551,349 

303.895 

36.571,034 

716,923 

9,670,543 

2.166.384 

740,019 

823.663 

"596",46i 

3,088,471 
836,615 

**i,394',6ii 
219,151 

381,64  i 

2,346,477 

660.148 
2,069.561 

938,317 
9.226.636 
1,174,148 

205.758 
748.080 


228.147 
3.909,4.52 
1,48B.552 
3,697.939 

1.285.990 

1,136,773 

201.257 

43,808 

139,729 

1,459.880 

4,900,663 

407.141 

136.104 

8,249,271 
12.956 

105.146 
151.994 
476.663 

97,953 

26.841 
473.407 

1,294,003 
313.654 


$13,201,265 

631.824 

140,896 

6,713.761 

43.246 

1,932.192 
884,942 
327.165 
355.499 

'  ■  "  89,761 

2.540.690 
364,543 

'  1,1*15,224 
137,372 

■■ '309,319 

357,686 

'  ■  "  "8i2',493 
1,224,423 

1,661,881 

11,321,145 

829,752 

76,107 
287,296 


154,756 
6.716,546 
4,143.027 
8,384.671 

1.592.879 

1,702,001 

102,166 

63,991 

114,4 14 

948.883 

2.567,424 

262.035 

85,103 

7,144.154 
19.857 

103,843 

86,077 

411.194 

313.197 

34.666 
170.654 

684.608 
151.053 


Table  Continued: 


Description  of  Manufactories 


Number 

of 

works 


Number 

of 
employees 


Value 

of 

Product 


Value  of  land, 

buildings, 
machinery,  etc. 


Carriages  and  vehicles: 

Coach  building  works 

Motor  and  cycle  works 

Harness,  saddlery  and  leatherware: 

Saddlery  and  harness  factories 

Leather  goods  makers •, •  •  •  ■ 

Tanning,  fellmongery  and  wool-ecounng  works . 
Ships,  boats  and  their  equipment: 

Snip  and  boat  building  yards 

Sail,  tent  and  oil  skin  factories 

Fumitore: 

Ftirniture  and  cabinet  making  worka 

Venetian  blind  works 

Mattress  factories 

Wool  rug  and  mat  making 

Chemicals  and  by  products: 

Varnish  and  paint  factories 

Ink  factories ••  •  • 

Chemical  works 

Sheep-dip  factories 

Match  factories 

Boot  pyolish  factories 

Starch  manufactories 

Textile  fabrics: 

Woolen  mills 

Flock  mills 

Clothing,  waterproof,  and  boot  and  shoe  factories 

Hosiery  factories 

Umbrella  factories 

Fibrous  materials: 

Rope  and  twine  works 

Bag  and  sack  factories 

Flax  mills 

Miscellaneous 


Totals . 


313 
172 

151 
12 
59 

31 
41 

257 

5 

19 

7 

4 
1 
24 
2 
2 
4 
5 

10 

4 

249 

10 

5 

10 

4 

76 

910 


4,670 


1,393 
649 

587 

61 

1,187 

402 
236 

1,821 

22 

123 

21 

19 

5 

213 

5 

136 

19 

25 

1,897 
21 

5,831 

127 

37 

235 

74 

1,257 

5,991 


57,823 


$2,370,824 

920.882 

1,261,204 

193.228 

13,390,675 

636,021 
475,794 

2,811.801 

37,402 

287,750 

41.849 

64,088 

617,268 


82.090 
90.120 

3,487.720 
94.429 

8,309,188 

305,344 

83.821 

764,632 

451.498 

2,287.718 

7.625.704 


$220,907,334 


$1,804,799 
1,378.333 

761,076 

63,857 

1,282.430 

437.506 
214.243 

1,961,725 

31.400 

153.819 

27,225 

52.706 

*35*2,26i 


22.069 
29.722 

2.083,002 
16.164 

2.497.753 
82.211 
31.031 

336,033 

36,644 

2.148,917 

5,373,449 


$106,684,416 


Note:  ♦Omitting  returns  of  value  for  industries  of  which  less  than  four  of  any  sort  were  found  in  the  returns. 


Mileage  of 


Continued  on  page  625 


Railways,  Telegraphs,  Post  Offices: 

Mileage  of  railways  1918,  3,012,  of  which  29  miles  were  privately  owned, 
telegraph  line,  13,687;  of  wire,  50,291. 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures:  As  in  Great  Britain. 

Language:  English  only  is  employed. 

Local  Advertising  Media: 

The  most  important  advertising  media  in  New  Zealand  are  the  daily  and  weekly 
newspapers  which  circulate  in  the  rural  districts  as  well  as  in  the  cities.  Posters  and 
electric  display  signs  are  extensively  employed  as  media. 

Shipping  Routes: 

American  &  Australian  S.  S.  Line. 

United  States  &  Australasia  S.  S.  Co. 

Commonwealth  &  Dominion  Line,  Ltd. 

Luckenbach  Steamship  Co.,  Inc. 

Shipments  to  New  Zealand  may  also  be  made  via  the  Western  Pacific  or  Canadian 
Pacific  Railways,  for  transshipment  at  San  Francisco  or  Vancouver,  or  via  England. 


h 


« 


I 


626 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Customs  Tariff: 

The  tariff  of  New  Zealand  enumerates  upward  of  500  classes  of  merchandise,  in  some 
cases  applying  ad  valorem  and  in  others,  specific  duties.  There  is  a  preferential  tariff  in 
favor  of  articles  "the  produce  and  manufacture  of  any  part  of  the  British  Dominions." 
There  are  many  exemptions  from  duty. 

The  duty  on  advertising  matter  including  catalogues  is  lOd  ($0.20)  per  pound. 

Consular  Representation: 

United  States  consular  officials  are  stationed  at  Auckland,  Christchurch,  Dunedin  and 
Wellington.  British  consular  officials  are  charged  with  the  interests  of  New  Zealand  in 
the  United  States. 

Consular  Regulations; 

Manufacturer's  invoices  should  accompany  goods  shipped  by  export  conmaission 
houses.    No  consular  documents  are  required. 

Cable  Rates:  Via  Pacific,  from  New  York  or  New  England  states,  $0.68  per  word. 
Postal  Rates:  United  States  domestic  letter  rates. 
Mail  Time:  Via  San  Francisco,  24  days  from  New  York. 
Parcels  Post:  Service  extends  to  New  Zealand. 
Money  Orders:  Issued. 
International  Reply  Coupons:  Issued. 

Attached  to  New  Zealand  are  the  following  islands: 

AUCKLAND  ISLANDS 

An  uninhabited  group  of  islands  about  200  miles  south  of  Stewart  Island.  Area  of 
largest  island  about  300  square  miles. 

CHATHAM  ISLANDS 

A  group  of  islands  535  miles  east  of  New  Zealand.  Population,  1916,  477,  of  whom 
220  were  Europeans. 

COOK  ISLANDS 

A  group  of  islands  with  a  total  area  of  about  280  square  miles  and  a  total  population 
of  12,797.  Products  are  copra  (1,000  tons  in  1917),  coffee,  pearl  shells  and  fruit.  In  1917 
about  87,000  cases  of  bananas,  63,000  cases  of  oranges  and  17,000  cases  of  tomatoes  were 
exported.  The  trade  is  principally  with  New  Zealand.  Imports,  1917,  $452,660;  exports, 
$298,767.    The  tariff  of  New  Zealand  appUes. 

KERMADEC  ISLANDS 

Six  hundred  miles  north-east  of  New  Zealand,  with  an  area  of  15  square  miles,  the 
Campbell,  Antipodes,  Bounty  and  three  Kings  Islands  are  all  uninhabited. 


SMALL  BRITISH  ISLANDS— TONGA 


627 


SMALL  BRITISH  ISLANDS 

The  smaller  British  islands  include  Ducie  Island;  Pitcaim  Island  with  an  area  of  two 
anuare  mUes  and  a  population  of  140,  aU  descendants  of  a  ship-wrecked  expedition  of 
Sventh-day  Adventists;  Dudoza  Island;  the  Phoenix  Islands,  ^th  a  total  area  of  sixteen 
Z^^  mUeB  and  a  population  of  sixty;  Victoria  Island;  the  Gilbert  and  EUice  Islands 
Colony  which  include  three  groups,  the  Tokelan  group  with  an  area  of  seven  square  mdes, 
and  a^opulation  914,  the  EUice  Islands,  with  an  area  of  fourteen  square  miles  and  a 
^pulation  of  3,090,  the  Gilbert  Islands,  ^-ith  an  area  of  166  square  miles  aiid  a 
population  of  about  30,000.      Products  are  copra  and  phosphate.      Imports  m   1917, 

^^^'^;r'rairpoSl!*  of  Great  Britain  are  Starbuck  Island,  an  unmhabited  island 
with  an  area  of  one  square  mUe;  Jarvis  Island,  with  about  the  same  area  and  a  population 
of  thirty;  and  Pahnyra  and  the  Baker  Islands.  These  are  coral  islands  and  are  of  value 
only  for  cocoanut  growing  and  some  guano  deposits. 


TONGA,  OR  FRIENDLY  ISLANDS 

Three  groups  of  islands  in  the  Pacific  ruled  by  a  native  queen,  but  under  the  protector- 
ate  of  Great  Britain.    Total  area  about  385  square  miles;  population,  1911,  23,011  Tongans, 
380  Europeans  and  346  Pacific  islanders.    The  capital  and  principal  town  is  Nukualofa 
with  a  DODulation  of  about  23,000  Tongans,  and  359  Europeans.    The  only  product  of  the 
SandsrcCa  the  total  exp<;rts  of  which  in  1917  amomited  to  $584,538,  of  which  amount 
^2  26^worth  was  exported  to  the  United  States.    Total  imports,  1917,  $555,M9;  exports, 
$601  473     For  trade  of  the  United  States  with  the  Tonga  Islands,  see  under  Fiji  Islands 
Lee' 617     Principal  imports  are  clothing,  flour,  crackers,  other  foodstuffs,  hardware  and 
timber.    Currency  and  weighte  and  measures  as  in  Great  Britain.    Steamship  comiections 
fortnightly  with  New  Zealand. 
Cables:  Mail  from  Auckland  or  Sydney. 
Postal  rates:  Postal  Union  rates. 
Mail  time:  About  thirty  days. 

Parcel  post:  Service  does  not  extend  to  Tonga  Islands. 
Money  orders:  Not  issued. 
International  reply  coupons:  Not  issued. 


f 


I 


628 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


DUTCH  EAST  INDIES 

(See  Map,  Page  644) 

The  Dutch  East  Indies  comprise  the  islands  of  Java  and  Madura,  Sumatra,  Celebes, 
a  large  part  of  Borneo,  part  of  New  Guinea,  Ceram,  the  Moluccas  and  Timor.  The  most 
important  island  commercially  is  Java,  which  is  about  half  as  large  as  Colorado;  following 
Java  in  importance  are  Sumatra,  Celebes  and  Borneo.  In  general,  the  climate  is  tropical 
and  equable  the  year  roimd,  but  there  are  two  seasons,  the  dry  in  June,  July  and  August, 
and  the  rainy  in  December,  January  and  February. 

The  principal  products  of  the  Dutch  East  Indies  are  sugar,  tobacco,  copra,  cofifee, 
tea,  petroleum,  tin,  coal,  cinchona,  rice,  pepper,  rubber,  and  various  gums.  The  principal 
agricultural  estates  are  in  the  west  of  Java,  which  with  Sumatra  is  the  center  of 
tobacco,  tea,  and  coffee  production.  There  are  large  cotton  plantations  on  the  island  of 
Flores.  The  mineral  resources  of  Sumatra  include  coal,  petroleum,  gold,  and  tin.  Manu- 
facturing is  relatively  unimportant,  the  principal  industries  being  those  connected  with 
the  mines  and  with  agriculture. 

At  the  beginning  of  the  war  the  United  States  acquired  a  great  portion  of  the  trade  of 
the  Dutch  East  Indies  and  during  the  fiscal  year  1919  our  exports  to  the  Dutch  East 
Indies  were  7.4  per  cent,  of  our  total  exports  to  Asia. 

Area  and  Population 

There  are  no  absolutely  accurate  statistics  with  respect  to  area  and  population,  no 
census  having  been  taken  since  1905.  An  official  estimate  was  made  in  1917,  and  a  new 
census  will  be  taken  in  1920. 

Area  in  square  miles,  and  population  according  to  official  estimate: 


Java  and  Madura 

Island  of  Sumatra: 

Sumatra,  West  Coast . 

Tapanceli 

Sumatra,  East  Coast . 

Benkulen 

Lampongs 

Palembang 

Djambi 

Atjeh 

Riau  Lingga  Archipelago . 

BUliton 


Borneo,  West  Coast 

Borneo,  South  and  East  Districts. 
Island  of  Celebes: 

Celebes 

Menado 

Molucca  Islands: 

Amboina  (1) 

Ternate  (2) 

Timor  Archipelago 

Bali  and  Lombok 


Approximate  Total . 


Area 
Square  Miles 

Population 

50,567 

34.157.383 

15.494 

1.288,624 

16,167 

765.238 

35,312 

894.140 

9,399 

229.845 

11.284 

171.572 

32,574 

760,548 

19,038 

207.265 

20,471 

709.841 

16,301 

199,649 

4,446 

154,178 

1,863 

59,481 

55,825 

673.637 

156,912 

940.866 

49,390 

2.352.048 

22,680 

742.026 

1          195,653 

/          360,934 
\          200.135 

17,698 

1,091.349 

4,065 

1,344,880 

735.000 

47,000,000 

Hote:  (1)  Including  West  and  South  New  Guinea.         (2)  Including  North  New  Guinea. 

Population  of  the  principal  cities  of  Java: 


Cities 

Europeans 

Natives 

Chinese,  Arabs 
and  other 
Orientals 

Total 

Batavia  (1917) 

20,766 
8,826 

15,000 
1,572 

180.140 

81,061 

119.733 

109,524 

30,557 

20,028 

22,469 

7,282 

231.463 

Samarane  f  1916)           

109,915 

Soerabava  (1915) 

157,202 

Soerakarta  (1905) 

118,378 

DUTCH  EAST  INDIES 


629 


Commerce 


Total  foreign  trade  of  the  United  States  with  the  Dutch  East  Indies  for  seven  years: 


Year 

Ended 

June 

30 


Exports 


Domestic 


Foreign 


Total 


Imports 


Free 


Dutiable 


Total 


Per 

Cent. 

Free 


Excess  of 
Exports  (♦) 

or 
Imports  (-) 


1913.. 

1914. 

1915. 

1916. 

1917. 

1918. 

1919. 


$3,151,493 

3.676,793 

2,768,936 

7,313,206 

21,099,816 

19,724.377 


$200 
102 

2,843 
87,820 
39,489 
53.127 


$3,151,693 

3,676,895 

2,771,779 

7,401,026 

21,139,305 

19,777,504 

44,845,561 


$5,534,641 
4,698,938 
8,372.701 
25.371,938 
56,163,131 
70,330,286 


$687,323 
635,423 
873,083 
2,344,651 
5,848,105 
8,983,947 


$6,221,954 
5,334,361 
9,245,784 
27,716.589 
62,011,236 
79,314,233 
71.036,606 


88.95 
88.09 
90. 56 
91.54 
90.57 
88.67 


$-3,065,261 
-1,657.466 
-6,474,005 
-20.315,563 
-40,871,931 
-59,536.729 
-26,191,045 


Foreign  trade  of  the  Dutch  East  Indies  in  1918: 

T„»«»-ra  $223,500,000 

^iJSSS;v.v:::::::::::::::::::::::::: •  217,800,000 

ToUl $441,300,000 

Trade  with  the  United  States  during  the  years  1914  to  1918: 


Year 


Imports  from  U.  S. 


Exports  to  U.  S. 


1914 
1916 
1916 
1917 
1918 


$2,480,000 
4,600,000 
70,120,000 
18,960,000 
24,200,000 


$4,360,000 
10,640,000 
27,400,000 
56,720,000 
80,030.000 


Principal  imports  from  the  U.  S.  during  1917: 


Iron  and  steel  ware 

Automobiles ,•  •  •  •  i" 

Machinery  and  electrical  appliances 

Kerosene 

Foodstuffs  and  beverages 

Tin  plate 

Artificial  fertilisers 

T^Aain  •••*•• •••••••< 

Tir^,  automobile  and  bicycle 

Dry  goods,  thread,  clothing,  etc 

Paper,  paper  articles,  etc 

LuDricating  oil :••.••;•*•:.:  i i- 'J 

Chemicals,  pharmaceuticals,  hospital  supphes 

All  other 


Total. 


$5,640,000 

3,280,000 

2,000.000 

1,280,000 

720.000 

680.000 

640,000 

520,000 

520.000 

400,000 

400,000 

360.000 

320.000 

.     2,200,000 

.$18,960,000 


Value  of  principal  exports  from  Java  during  the  years  1913  to  1918: 


Articles 


1913 


Tea 

Coffee 

Rubber 

Sugar 

Fibres 

Tapioca 

Cinchona  bark . 


Kapoc 
Hides. 


$8,617 
6,053 
3,615 

61,172 
1,260 
3,600 
1,740 
2,354 
2.930 


1914 

1915 

$10,723 

$18,566 

5,234 

9,683 

4,110 

8,800 

73,020 

85,300 

1,600 

2,025 

2,430 

2,734 

1,580 

1,390 

2,100 

2.390 

1,420 

1,360 

1916 


1917 


1918 


$17,826 

6,400 

16,404 

103,500 
2,035 
3,170 
2,176 
2,050 
1,800 


$14,886 
2,846 
20,500 
84,900 
2,980 
4,364 
1,099 
2.104 
4,257 


$6,606 

909 

11,500 

73.500 

3.091 

2.070 

995 

1.840 

1.315 


L 


i 


1 


630 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


DUTCH  EAST  INDIES 


631 


Exports  from  Sumatra,  1913-1918: 


1913 $47,500,000 

1914 42.500.000 

1915 49.000,000 


1916 $53,000,000 

1917 48,000,000 

1918 45,000,000 


Value  of  foreign  trade  of  Borneo  from  1913  to  1918: 


Year 


Imports 


Exports 


Year 


Imports 


Exports 


1913 
1914 
1915 


$7,760,000 
6,744,000 
6,053,000 


$25,600,000 
29,450.000 
33.040.000 


1916. 
1917, 
1918 


$6,720,000 
9.920.000 
9.440.000 


$37,400,000 
32.760.000 
43,800.000 


Value  of  foreign  trade  of  Celebes  from  1913  to  1918: 


Year 

Imports 

Exports 

Year 

Imports 

Exports 

1913 

$8,400,000 
7.000.000 
6.065.000 

$11,680,000 

11.720,000 

9,920.000 

1916 

1917 

1918 

$5,400,000 
6,012.000 
6,600.000 

$8,604,000 

1914       

7.240.000 

1915 

5.900.000 

Value  of  imports  from  principal  countries  of  origin  exclusive  of  government  imports, 
bullion  and  specie: 


Countries 

1910 

1912 

1913 

1914 

The  Netherlands 

$38,772,498 

16,332,456 

2,090,400 

5,021,784 

25,229,922 

14.078.040 

6.982,338 

4.189.644 

2.376.222 

2.077.938 

2,903.646 

1,261.878 

819.276 

1,365.594 

806.814 

1,334.640 

279,290 

$52,211,358 

25.551.522 

2.895.606 

8.307.230 

26.343.110 

14.984.952 

108.942 

5.383.584 

3.478.154 

2.359.790 

3.145,650 

1.970.202 

1.713.726 

1,762,770 

1.262.682 

877,164 

372,704 

1,206 

41,808 

345.720 

214.668 

20.100 

213,462 

133,464 

115,776 

73,516 

$58,394,118 

30.781.542 

3.631.266 

11.567.952 

27.274.494 

9,143.892 

6.255.120 

5.408,910 

4,250.346 

3.710.862 

2.995.302 

2.721.138 

1.752.318 

2.491.596 

1,379.664 

1,681,968 

427.326 

402 

65,124 

206,426 

176.174 

51.054 

242.004 

143.112 

123.414 

82,812 

$49,876,140 

Orpftt  Britain 

28.265.022 

United  States 

3.996.586 

0*>rmanv             

8.747,118 

SinffRnorft 

23,690,664 

BritiHh  India  (including  Pondicherry) 

Ti'rftnph  Indo  China      

6,6091,506 
5,894,526 

Penang 

6.091.452 

AiiRtraJia 

4.136,982 

China 

3,780,006 

Honar  Konjr 

2,540,640 

JanAn  Hnnludinff  Formosa^ 

2,651,592 

Italy 

2.327,178 

Belgium 

1,622.070 

France 

1,071.330 

Siam 

1.197.558 

Switzerland 

504.510 

Russia      

336,278 

Egypt 

17,286 
143.514 
175.272 

12.060 
133.464 
117,786 

339.288 

Portuiruese  Timor 

272.154 

Austria 

188.538 

British  Borneo 

150.348 

Sweden 

141.906 

Malacca 

128,640 

Dairen 

119,796 

PhiliPDins  Islands 

57,084 

43,416 

Persia 

36,582 

Denmark 

4.824 

8.844 

46.230 

154,368 
12,060 
47.436 

14,470 
30.954 
39,396 
6.030 
11,256 
58,290 
328,132 

32,562 

Portugal 

28,944 

Spain 

13,266 

Cncna  And  Chriafmiui  TalAndM 

12,060 

Arabia 

4.020 

402 

6.834 

12.864 

38,190 

241.602 

8,844 

Norway 

5.628 

Other  countries 

441.798 

Value  of  principal  imports: 


Articles 


1910 


1913 


1914 


Soft  goods 

Rice , 

Machinery  and  steam  engmes 
Iron  and  steel  and  hardware  . 

Foodstuffs 

Earthenware 

Cement 

Glass  and  glassware 

Miscellaneous  wares 

Artificial  fertilizers 

Dj'es 

Lamps 

Matches 

Coal 

Jute  bags 

Soap 


$27,122,136 

30,403,310 

4,938.570 

10.197.132 

11,901.210 

1,254.240 

925,806 

701,490 

2.019.648 

3.173.388 

138,690 

399,186 

1,062,486 

1,518.756 

1,640,964 

•   502.500 


$45,247,914 

22.382.958 

12,132.360 

16,896.462 

12.294,366 

2.298.636 

1.597.548 

1,043.994 

3.218,010 

4.771,740 

495,324 

719,982 

1,470,918 

1,907,490 

2,517.726 

943,092 


$40,735,866 

17.347.900 

9.912,114 

13,713,426 

11,224.644 

1.518.354 

1,300,470 

971,232 

2,063,466 

5,587,800 

299,088 

463.506 

1,378.056 

2.329,992 

2.575.212 

1.042.788 


Value  of  exports  exclusive  of  government  exports  and  bullion  and  specie  to  principal 
countries  of  destination: 


Countries 


1910 


1912 


The  Netherlands 

Singapore 

Great  Britain 

British  India  (inc.  Pondicherry) 

Hong  Kong 

France  

Australia 

Japan  (inc.  Formosa) 

Penang 

China 

Egypt  (inc.  Suez  and  Port  Said  for  orders) 

Umted  States 

Germany 

Malacca 

Siam 

Italy 

Belgium 

Philippine  Islands 

French  Indo  China 

Russia 

Austria 

Denmark 

British  Borneo 

Portuguese  Timor 

Canada 

Turkey 

Arabia 

Norway 

Spain 

Cocos  and  Christmas  Islands 

Portugal  (including  Azores) 

Persia 

Switzerland 

Sweden 

Other  European  countries 

All  other  countries 


$35,914,278 
29.152.638 
5,202,684 
23,303,538 
11,668.050 
9,141,882 
2,770,182 
6,797,016 
5,808,498 
3,224,442 
8,350,344 
7,004,046 
4,608,930 
1,866,084 
277,380 
883.194 
648,024 
8,040 
19,296 
107,334 
1.550.112 
229.140 
109.344 
87.636 
1,164,896 
24,924 
58.692 
4.824 
80.802 
10.050 
5.628 


61.858 
506.922" 


$63,658,710 
35,969.754 
11.020.830 
23.101.734 
8.776,464 
10.994.650 
5.570,514 
8.629.734 
15,108,768 
4,457.376 
7.435,392 
6.522.048 
5.999.046 
281.802 
387,126 
1,043,592 
1,064.094 
100,902 
253,260 
170,046 
2,007,186 
282,606 
31.356 
45,024 
1,976,634 
85,626 
26,130 
5,226 
68,742 
6,030 
41,406 
5,628 


3,618 

2,010 

461,094 


1913 


$69,391,632 
44,087,742 
9,621,468 
35,737,448 
13,745.586 
10.739.430 
5,164.494 
14.396.424 
7.651,668 
7,114,998 
2,604,156 
5,359,062 
5,751,414 
842,994 
916,168 
1,014,246 
1,247,406 
324,012 
448,230 
629,078 
1,712,922 
357,378 
86,832 
101,304 
315,570 
38,190 
123,816 
2,814 
62,310 
.  7.638 
8,442 
66,732 
3,216 
10.854 
6.504.762 
637.974 


1914 


$60,020,610 
42,673.908 
42.649.386 
27,095,604 
9,501.672 
8,156.580 
8,063,718 
7.709,958 
7,514,586 
7,437.000 
3.270.672 
6.554,208 
2.672.094 
2.202.156 
1.220.472 
1,174.644 
703.902 
648,024 
576,468 
470.742 
436.170 
325,974 
147.936 
63,918 
61,104 
27,738 
21,708 
18,894 
11,658 
4.422 
3,216 
804 


1,608 
8,559.786 
1.612.422 


632 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Value  of  principal  exports: 


Articles 


1910 


1913 


1914 


Sugar 

Java  tea 

Rubber  and  gum 

Coffee 

Tobacco 

Copra 

Java  Rice 

Pepper 

Maize 

Cassava  products 

Tin 

Kapoc 

Wood 

Skins 

Cinchona  bark 

Coca 

Petroleum 

Gum  damar 

Arachides 

Cocao 

Copal 

Gambir 

Nutmeg 

Cocoanut  oil 

Rattan 

Indian  nuts 

Fibres,  other  than  kapoc 


$57,009,728 

4,624,276 

6,822,744 

4,762,092 

15.196,404 

IH.971.234 

3,412,982 

3.897,792 

343,308 

1.542,876 

13,040.076 

1,846.386 

1,545.690 

2.787.468 

1,567.800 

278.586 

7.876.386 

1.932.012 

1,270.320 

609.432 

729.228 

1,237,356 

1,037.160 

281.400 

2.842.140 

1,313,334 

605,412 


$62,957,220 

8.660.643 

12.389.640 

5.211,428 

37.043.898 

22,126.482 

3.632.070 

4,179.594 

1.157.358 

3,657,798 

23.338.110 

2,650.788 

1,606.598 

3,708,852 

1,956,132 

332,454 

15,941.310 

1.124.796 

1,235.748 

691,038 

711.540 

1.262.682 

601,392 

270,546 

2.921.334 

1.567,800 

2.194.518 


$74,728,584 

10.845.308 

12.312,054 

9,049,422 

26.142,462 

24,494.262 

2,467.878 

4.546.218 

1.895.028 

2.458.632 

15.600.414 

2.478,732 

1,292,028 

1,846,386 

1,744,680 

233,160 

20,582.802 

1,170,222 

1,065,702 

483,606 

548,328 

1,155.750 

397.980 

487,726 

1.974,624 

2.682.546 

1,938,846 


Production  and  Industry 

In  1915,  781  companies  and  Europeans  held  1,230,208  acres;  88  Chinese  held  67,650 
acres  and  5  natives  held  1,554  acres.  The  principal  native  crops  are  rice  (4,030,469  acres 
in  1917),  maize  (1,303,680  acres  1917)  and  cassava  (1,021,824  acres  in  1917). 

Production  of  principal  crops  in  1918,  according  to  the  estimate  published  by  the 
Netherlands  East  India  government: 


Crops 


Number  of  Estates 


Estimate 
1918 


Cocoa... . 

Tea 

Rubber . . 

Coffee 

Cinchona 
Rubber.. 

Tea 

Coffee... 

Rubber. . 
Cinchona 
Rubber. . 


26  estates  in  Java  and  Madura. . 
206  estates  in  Java  and  Madura . 
206  estates  in  Java  and  Madura . 
246  estates  in  Java  and  Madura. 
66  estates  in  Java  and  Madura. . 

193  estates  in  Sumatra 

11  estates  in  Sumatra 

62  estates  in  Sumatra 

7  estates  in  Celebes 

3  estates  in  Celebes 

3  estates  in  Sumatra 

10  estates  in  Borneo 


Pounds 

2,033,880 

70,061,403 

40,351.496 

84,821.296 

13,930,180 

51,553,550 

7,807,293 

16.011,824 

258.200 

26,740 

171,600 

2,684,820 


DUTCH  EAST  INDIES 


633 


^  A  <.hn„t  15  400  tons  The  coal  production  of  Java,  Sumatra  and  Borneo  in  1917  was 
^l%ltl  iTgeH  o^deposits  have  been  reported  in  Celebes  with  a  total  estimated 
quaS  "■  iS  W  tons.'^The  production  of  that  mineral  in  1917  amounted  to 
1,921,665  short  tons. 

ThP  Roval  Dutch  Oil  Company  holds  most  of  the  oU  concessions  in  the  Islands.    In 
1917  theXSmtd  29  appLt'ions  for  concessions,  and  early  in  1918,  6  concessions 

were  granted. 

Production  of  the  company's  oU  wells  during  1916  and  1917  stated  in  tons: 


1916 


1917 


1916 


1917 


South  Sumatra, 
North  Sumatra 
Borneo 


264,522 
206,024 
957.025 


266.050 
317.334 
869.123 


Java 

Ceram . . . 

Total 


228,025 
3,263 


1,658,859 


232,636 
2.248 


1.687.391 


An  independent  oil  company  produced  132,434  tons  of  oil  in  1916,  and  125,078  tons 
in  1917. 

Gold  is  found  in  Sumatra,  the  Celebes,  and  in  Dutch  Borneo.  In  1914  58  conces- 
sions^d  ^n  Snted  for  pros^cting,  and  working  of  gold  and  sUver  mmes  Thel^bo'^g 
^W  ^;!^^ur46  miles  north  of  Benkulen,  Sumatra,  is  most  producUve,  extendmg 
sometimes  to  a  length  of  2}i  mUes. 

Gold  production  in  Sumatra  and  the  Celebes  from  1911  to  1918^ ^ 


Year 


Sumatra 


Celebes 


Year 


Sumatra 


Celebes 


1911 
1912 
1913 
1914 
1915 


$2,586,669 
2,266.476 
2,028.894 
2.723.831 
1,654.632 


$649,230 
573,051 
305.520 
492.168 
456.270 


1916 

1917 

1918 

Total 


$1,179,066 
1,705,485 
1.498.053 


$15,643,106 


$416,070 
333.700 
338.765 


$3,564,775 


Manufacturing  is  developing,  but  is  as  yet  relatively  unimportant.  There  is  some 
shipbuS,  a  me'tal  foundry;  many  repair  shops,  and  paper,  ^^^^'^^  ^'^^^^^  :^l\l^^ 
?uiLui^  af;  made  on  a  small  scale.  Ice  is  manuactured  in  large  quantities.  The  batik 
process  of  dyeing  is  highly  developed  m  Java. 


In  1917  there  were  396,548  acres  planted  to  sugar,  the  total  production  being  1,822,118 
tons,  and  the  number  of  factories  in  operation  being  185. 

The  principal  mineral  product  of  the  Dutch  East  Indies  is  tin,  mined  at  Banca  by  the 
government,  and  at  Billiton  and  Rian  by  private  companies.  The  production  of  Billiton 
tin  in  1918  was  7,565  tons  (20,300  tons  in  1916;  15,000  tons  in  1917).     Banca  in  1918  pro- 


634 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Details  of  the  manufacturing  industries  of  the  Dutch  East  Indies: 

Industries 

Java  and 

Madura 

Other  Teritories 

Total 

Enter- 
prises 

Work- 
men 

Enter- 
prises 

Work- 
men 

Enter- 
prises 

Work- 
men 

I.         Building  Materials: 

Cement  factories 

1 

1 

21 

450 

40 
204 

1 

34 

100 

6 

273 

1 

16 
1 

87 

41 

1 

7 

68 

47 

70 

2 

50 

2 

579 

1 

3 
10 

2 
23 

46 

150 
13 

1 

273 

131 

31 

26 

11 

8 

1 

5 

92 

15 

2 

1 

18 

450 

Cement  tiles,  concrete,  limestone,  sandstone 
and  similar  work 

33 

79 

6 

207 

1 

14 
1 

68 

41 

1 

7 

50 

36 

70 

2 

32 

2 
579 

1 

3 
10 

2 
22 

38 

113 
12 

1 

206 
20 
23 

19 

11 

6 

1 

2 

70 

12 

2 

1 

18 

2.187 

2,160 

146 

2.937 

56 

588 
6 

616 

2.136 

120 

138 

872 

1.246 

1.954 

92 

619 

305 

7,606 

42 

43 
395 

32 
276 

976 

6.617 

2.691 

75 

2,835 
876 
435 

3,123 

350 

118 

50 

120 

4,733 

1,141 

19 

60 

169 

2.227 

Lime  kilns 

2.364 

Marble  (wlishing  shops 

146 

Tileries,  brick  kilns  and  potteries 

66 

1.232 

4,169 

Looking     glass     manufactory    and     glass- 
cutting  shops 

56 

II.        Manufacture  of  Food  and  Drinks: 

Arac  and  spirit  distilleries 

2 

18 

606 

Breweries 

6 

Bread    and   biscuit   bakeries    and   confec- 
tionery   

19 

202 

818 

Cassava  flour  and  tapioca  factories 

2.136 

Preserved  food  factories 

120 

Coffee  roasteries 

138 

Aerated  water  and  lemonade  factories 

Grease-oil  factories 

18 
11 

150 
286 

1.022 
1.532 

Cigar  and  cigarette  factories 

1.954 

Cattle  food  factories 

92 

Ice  factories 

18 

197 

816 

III.      Chemical  Industry: 

Alkaloid  extract  works 

305 

Batik  and  dye  works 

7,606 

Explosives  factories 

42 

Manufactory  of  compressed  gases  (carbonic 
acid,  oxygen) 

43 

Iodine  distilleries 

395 

Sodium  bisulphate  and  other  chemicab .... 

32 

Soap  factories 

1 

8 

37 

1 

15 

138 

603 
334 

291 

rV.      Metal  Industry: 

Automobile  repair  shops 

1,114 

Constructional  workshops,  factories  of  elec- 
trical articles,  machine  works,  metal  work- 
shops, repair  shops,  forges 

7,220 

Railway  and  tramway  work  and  repair  shops 
Screw  and  nut  factories 

3.025 
75 

v.        Woodwork  Industry: 

Furniture  makers,  carpentry  shops,  etc ... . 
Saw  mills 

67 

111 

8 

7 

758 

2.620 

107 

561 

3,503 
3,496 

Carriage  and  coach  works 

542 

VI.      Shipbuilding  Industry: 

Shipyards 

3.684 
350 

VII.     Fibre  Industry: 

Plaiting  of  hats,  making  of  rattan  furniture, 
etc 

VIII.  Leather  Industry: 

Tanneries 

2 

292 

410 

IX.      Various  Industries: 

Pasteboard  factories 

50 

Diamond  cutters 

3 

22 

3 

i95 

585 

64 

315 

Printers  and  Bookbinders 

5,318 

Electrical  and  gas  works 

1,205 

Artificial  manure  factories 

19 

Paper  mills 

60 

Firework  factories 

169 

Total 

1,832 

2 

1 
1 
1 
1 
2 

49.000 

2.860 

3.400 

92 

252 

950 

1.650 

427 
3 

9.051 
750 

2,250 

5 

1 
1 
1 
1 
2 

58,051 

X.       Government  Industries  and  Enterprises: 

Workshops  of  railway  and  tramway  material 
Marine  establishment 

3,810 
3,400 

Workshops  cnnn*»<^t.'^d  with  m^irine  signalling 

92 

Government  printing  offices 7 

252 

Opium  factory 

950 

Salt-packing  works 

1,650 

Total  of  private  and  government  enter- 
prises   

1,831 

58,204 

430 

10,001 

2,261 

68  205 

DUTCH  EAST  INDIES 


635 


Railways,  Telegraphs  and  Post  Offices: 

In  1917  the  total  length  of  railways  and  tramways  was  2,402  miles;  length  of  telegraphs 
and  cables,  13,142  miles.  Postal  and  telegraph  stations  numbered  973,  of  which  603  were 
in  Java  and  Madura  and  370  on  other  islands. 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures: 

The  legal  coins  and  weights  and  measures  are  those  of  the  Netherlands.  Other  weights 
in  use  are  the  Amsterdamisch  Pond  of  1.09  pounds,  the  picul  of  133i  pounds,  the  catty 
of  U  pounds  and  the  Tjengkal,  equivalent  to  4  yards. 

Consular  representatives:  «       u  t         n  *     - 

United  States  consular  representatives  are  stationed  at  Soerabaya,  Java;  ^atavia; 
and  Macassar,  Celebes.  Consular  officials  of  The  Netherlands  are  charged  with  the 
interests  of  the  Dutch  East  Indies  in  the  United  States. 

Language:  i       /=  •  i  i 

English  is  ordinarily  used  for  commercial  correspondence;  the  official  language  is 

Dutch. 

Local  Advertising  Media:  . 

There  are  several  good  daily  papers  printed  in  Dutch  in  Soerabaya  and  Batavia. 

Shipping  routes: 

Independent  S.  S.  Corp. 
Java-New  York  line. 
Kerr  Steamship  Co.,  Inc. 

Customs  Tariff:  ^  ,    .  .      . 

The  customs  tariff  of  the  Dutch  East  Indies  imposes  ad  valorem  duties  ranging  from 
6  to  10  per  cent  on  some  commodities,  and  a  specific  duty,  based  on  weight  or  quantity, 
on  others. 

Consular  regulations:  No  consular  documents  are  required. 

Cable  rates:  Via  San  Francisco,  $1.00  per  word  from  New  York  or  New  England  states. 
Postal  rates:  Postal  Union  rates. 
Mail  time:  Via  London,  thirty-four  daya. 
Money  Orders:  Issued. 
International  reply  coupons:  Issued. 

Parcels  Post : 

Service  extends  to  Dutch  East  Indies.  Parcels  can  not  be  registered.  Two  copies  of 
"Customs  Declarations"  must  accompany  each  parcel.  Prohibitions:  Firearms  and 
parts  thereof  and  salt,  except  table  salt  in  bottles  or  packages. 


TIMOR 

An  island  of  the  Malay  Archipelago  owned  jointly  by  HoUand  and  Portugal,  the 
eastern  portion  jomtly  with  the  territory  of  Ambeno  and  the  neighboring  island  of  Pulo 
Cambing  being  the  Portugal  possession  of  which  DeUy  is  the  port.  Its  population  m  1915 
was  377,815  (201,121  males  and  176,694  females).  Coffee,  sandal  wood,  sandal  root, 
copra  and  wax  are  its  chief  exports. 

Total  imports  and  exports  1910,  1914-1916: 


Year 


Imports 


Exports 


Year 


Imports 


1910. 
1914. 


$476,418 
42.621 


$437,224 
272,727 


1915, 
1916 


$351,324 
459,536 


Exports 


$549,574 
523,738 


636 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


NEW  CALEDONIA 


637 


FRENCH  PACIFIC  ISLANDS 

These  comprise  the  Society  Islands,  the  principal  ones  being  Tahiti  and  Moorea,  the 
Marquesas,  the  Leeward  Islands,  the  Tuamotu  Islands,  and  Gambier,  Tubuai  and  Rapa 
Islands.  The  Marquesas  Islands,  the  largest  of  which  are  Nukahiva  and  Hivaoa,  have  a 
total  area  of  480  square  miles  and  a  population  of  3,425.  The  Tuamotu  Islands  consist 
of  two  parallel  groups  with  a  total  population  of  3,830.  The  more  important  of  the  Leeward 
Islands  (lies  sous  le  Vent)  are  Huahin^,  with  a  population  of  1,200;  Rait^a  and  Tahaa,  with 
a  population  of  3,350  and  Bora-Bora-Maupiti,  with  a  population  of  1,300.  The  Gambier 
Islands  have  a  total  area  of  six  square  miles  and  a  population  of  1,530;  Mangareva  is  the 
principal  island.  The  Tubai  islands,  and  Rapa  have  a  total  area  of  about  120  square  miles 
and  a  population  of  about  3,000. 

United  States  statistics  of  foreign  commerce  include  trade  with  these  islands  and  with 
New  Caledonia  in  the  general  classification  of  trade  with  French  Oceania.  Daring  the 
calendar  year  1919  United  States  exports  to  French  Oceania  were  valued  at  $1,289,293 
and  imports  from  at  $2,307,201. 

The  most  important  of  the  French  Pacific  Islands  is  Tahiti,  with  an  area  of  600  square 
miles  and  population  of  1 1 ,691 .  The  principal  town  and  seat  of  government  is  Papeete,  with 
a  population  of  3,617,  of  whom  1,900  are  French.  The  principal  products  are  pearl, 
mother  of  pearl,  copra,  sugar,  tropical  fruits,  and  vanilla.  Imports  (1913);  $1,638,199; 
exports,  $1,655,889. 

The  chief  industries  are  sugar  refining,  the  distillation  of  mm  and  the  preparation  of 
cocoanuts.  The  principal  exports  are  copra,  pearls  and  mother  of  peari,  oranges  and  vanilla. 
Tahiti  has  steamship  connection  with  San  Francisco,  New  Zealand  and  Austraha.  Moorea, 
about  fifty  miles  distant,  has  an  area  of  fifty  square  miles  and  a  population  of  1,560. 


NEW  CALEDONIA  AND  DEPENDENCIES 

The  island  of  New  Caledonia  is  a  French  possession.  Area,  7,650  square  miles;  popula- 
tion (1911)  50,608,  of  whom  28,025  were  Negro,  13,138  free,  and  5,671  convicts  in  the  penal 
establishment.  The  capital  and  principal  town,  Noumea,  has  a  population  of  about  10,030. 
Immigration  is  from  Java,  Tonkin,  and  the  Pacific  Islands.  There  are  about  500  square 
miles  of  forest  reserve  being  worked  for  timber,  about  1,500  square  miles  under  cultivation 
to  cocoanuts,  coffee,  cassava,  maize,  tobacco  and  fruits,  and  about  an  equal  amount  to 
pasture  land,  on  which  about  200,000  head  of  cattle  and  5,000  sheep  are  grazed. 

For  trade  of  the  United  States  with  New  Caledonia,  see  under  French  Pacific  Islands, 
above. 

Local  industries  include  meat  preserving,  grain,  coffee  and  cotton  cleaning,  tobacco 
making,  rum  distilling,  and  two  blast  furnaces  for  smelting  nickel  ore.  In  1917  the  large 
tobacco  factory  at  Noumea  treated  9,743  pounds  of  tobacco.  The  1917  output  of  rum  at 
the  St.  Louis  distillery  near  Noumea  was  1,654  gallons.  Mining  claims  cover  448,907  acres. 
The  mineral  exports  in  1917  consisted  of  35,200  tons  of  nickel  ore  and  46,081  tons  of  chrome 
ore,  valued  at  $2,726,914.  The  blast  furnaces  produced  6,950  tons  of  steel.  Imports, 
1917,  $3,488,480;  exports,  $3,858,840.  Imports  include  coal,  wine,  flour,  and  rice;  exports, 
minerals,  copra,  coffee,  rubber  and  guano.  There  are  ninety  miles  of  railroad  under  con- 
struction, of  which  twenty  have  been  completed.  There  is  frequent  coastal  passenger  and 
mail-boat  service,  and  a  tri-monthly  steamer  service  to  Sydney,  Australia.  There  are  575 
miles  of  telegraph  and  110  of  telephone  Une. 

The  dependencies  of  New  Caledonia  comprise  the  Isle  of  Pines,  about  thirty  miles 
southeast;  area  sixty  square  miles,  population  600;  the  Wallis  Archipelago,  northeast  of 


Fiji  with  an  area  of  forty  square  mOes,  and  a  population  of  about  4,000;  the  Loyalty 
Islands  about  sixty  miles  east  of  New  Caledonia,  three  large  islands,  Mar^,  Uvea  and  Lifou, 
and  a  group  of  smaUer  ones,  with  a  total  area  of  about  790  square  miles,  the  products  of 
which  are  copra  and  rubber;  the  islands  of  Fortuna  and  Alafi,  south  of  the  Wallis  Archi- 
pelago, with  about  2,000  inhabitants,  and  the  barren  Huon  Islands,  170  miles  northwest 
of  New  Caledonia. 
Cable  rates:  Via  Pacific,  $0.82  per  word  from  New  York  or  New  England  states. 

Postal  rates:  Postal  Union  rates. 
Money  orders:  Not  issued. 
International  reply  coupons:  Not  issued. 
Parcel  post:  Does  not  extend  to  New  Caledonia. 


NEW  GUINEA 

The  island  of  New  Guinea,  lying  directly  north  of  Australia  includes  British  New 
Guinea  (Territory  of  Papua),  the  former  German  New  Guinea,  and  Dutch  New  Gumea. 
German  New  Guinea  mcluded  besides  Kaiser  Wilhehn's  Land,  the  Bismarck  Archipelago, 
the  Solomon  Islands,  the  CaroUne  Islands,  the  Marshall  Islands  and  the  Samoan  Islands. 
At  the  present  time  Papua,  Kaiser  Wilhelm's  Land,  the  Bismarck  Archipelago  and  the 
Solomon  Islands  are  for  the  purposes  of  administration  attached  to  Australia. 

TERRITORY  OF  PAPUA 

(British  New  Guinea) 

The  original  British  possession  comprised  the  south  eastern  portion  of  the  island  of 
New  Guinea  and  various  groups  of  outlying  islands,  including  the  Louisiades  and  D'Emtre- 
casteaux  islands.  Area,  90,540  square  miles  of  which  87,786  are  on  the  mainland  of  New 
Guinea.  The  population  is  esthnated  at  201,274,  of  whom  about  200,000  are  Papuans, 
963  are  white,  and  311  are  colored. 

In  1918  there  were  57,593  acres  of  plantations,  of  which  42,625  acres  are  under  cocoa- 
nuts,  8,311  acres  under  rubber,  and  5,362  acres  under  sisal.  The  timber  area  is  large, 
valukble,  and  easUy  accessible.    Cocoanut  growing  by  natives  is  legally  enforced. 

There  are  four  ports;  Port  Moresby,  Samarai,  Daru  and  Bonagai.  There  are  seven 
gold  fields  and  one  copper  field.  Copper  output  1918,  1,112  tons  valued  at  $58,239;  gold, 
$170,044.  Trade  is  carried  on  principally  with  New  South  Wales  and  Queensland.  Im- 
port^, principally  foodstuffs,  tobacco,  clothmg  and  hardware  (1918),  $1,379,229;  exports, 
principally  copra,  sisal,  gold,  pearls,  and  peari  shell,  copper,  timber,  rubber,  and  man- 
grove  bark  (1918),  $1,070,121.  Currency,  weights  and  measures  and  tariff  as  in  Australia. 
For  value  of  United  States  trade  with  Papua,  see  under  Fiji  Islands,  page  617. 

KAISER  WILBEIM'S  LAND 

Area,  with  outlying  islands,  about  70,000  square  miles;  population  estimated  at  350,000. 
The  area  of  cultivation  in  1914  was  16,800  acres,  the  greater  part  of  which  was  under 
cocoanuts.  Rubber,  cocoa,  and  tropical  fruits  are  likewise  grown.  Minerals  are  abundant 
but  unworked.  Towns  are  Madang,  with  243  whites,  Morobe,  with  40,  and  Eitape,  with 
60. 


638 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


SAMOAN  ISLANDS 


639 


BISMARCK  ARCHIPELAGO 

The  most  important  island  is  New  Britain  with  an  area  of  10,000  square  miles,  a 
native  population  of  50,000,  a  German  population  of  600  and  about  1,000  Chinese  and 
Japanese.  Principal  port,  Simpson  Harbor,  on  which  is  Rabaul,  the  chief  town,  with  a 
population  of  about  800.  Cocoanuts  are  the  principal  products.  New  Ireland  is  situated 
north  of  New  Britain,  with  a  native  population  of  about  30,000.  The  towns  are  Kaewieng 
with  a  European  population  of  about  100,  and  Nomatanai,  with  a  European  population  of 
about  50.  There  are  about  200  Europeans  on  the  islands.  CJocoanuts  are  the  principal 
product. 

The  Admiralty  Islands  have  a  native  population  of  about  4,000.  The  principal 
town,  Lorengate,  on  Great  Admiralty  Island  has  a  European  population  of  about  50. 
Cocoanuts  and  pearls  are  the  principal  products. 

SOLOMON  ISLANDS 

Germany  formerly  owned  the  island  of  Bougainville  (area  350  square  miles,  population 
15,000  natives),  and  Buka,  (area  30  square  miles,  population  2,000  natives).  Principal 
products  are  bananas,  cocoanuts,  sweet  potatoes  and  taro.    European  population  about  60. 

The  group  known  as  the  British  Solomon  islands,  includes  the  islands  of  Guadalcanar, 
Malaita,  Isabel,  San  Cristoval,  New  Georgia,  Choiseul,  Shortland,  Mono,  Vella  Lavella, 
Ronongo,  Gizo,  Rendova,  Russell,  Florida,  Rennell,  the  Lord  Howe  Group,  the  Santa 
Cruz  Islands,  Tucopia  and  Mitre  Islands,  and  the  Duflf,  or  Wilson  Group.  Area  11,000 
square  miles.  European  population  660,  native  population  about  150,000.  Area  under 
rubber,  300  acres.  Other  products  are  sweet  potatoes,  pineapples,  bananas,  and  copra. 
Copra  exports  during  1917-18  were  6,943  tons.  Currency,  weights  and  measures  are  as  in 
Great  Britain,  with  the  addition  of  a  local  paper  currency  issued  in  1917-18. 

Shipping  routes :    See  under  Austraha. 

Constilar  regulations:    No  consular  documents  are  required. 

Cable  rates:    To  Port  Moresby,  via  San  Francisco  from  New  York  or  New  England 

states,  $0.70  per  word. 
Mail  rates :    Postal  Union  rates. 
Mail  time :    About  25  days. 

Parcels  post:    Service  extends  to  New  Guinea.    Regulations  same  as  for  Australia. 
Money  orders:    Issued. 
International  reply  coupons:    Issued. 


A  wireless  station  has  been  erected  at  Apia.    The  American  island  of  Tutuila  is  seventy 
rnUes  from  Apia,  and  has  a  population  of  5,885.    The  harbor  and  naval  station  is  Pago  Pago. 
Copra,  oranges,  lemons  and  limes  are  grown. 
Shipping  routes:  See  Australia. 

Cable  rates:  s^n^e 

Apia  (wireless  from  New  Zealand)  $0.83  per  word;  Tutuila  (wireless  from  Suva)  $0.75, 
from  New  York  or  New  England  states.    Other  islands  by  mail  from  Sydney,  Australia. 

Postal  rates:  Postal  Union  rates. 
Mail  time:  Pago  Pago,  nineteen  days. 

Parcel  Post:  .         ,     t,       i  i 

Service  extends  to  Samoan  Islands.    Parcels  can  not  be  registered.    ParceU  are  mail- 
able to  Apia,  Samoa,  at  the  rates  and  conditions  appUcable  to  parcels  to  Great  Bntam. 
Money  orders:  Not  issued. 
International  reply  coupons:  Not  issued. 


I 


I 

1 


SAMOAN  ISLANDS 

A  group  of  islands  the  most  important  of  which  are  Savaii,  with  an  area  of  660  square 
miles;  Upolu  with  600  square  miles;  Tutuila,  77  square  miles,  and  Manua,  twenty-five 
square  miles.  The  latter  two  belong  to  the  United  States.  Savaii  and  Opulo,  with  a  total 
population  of  41,128,  of  whom  1,668  are  white,  and  include  660  British,  236  Americans 
and  530  Germans,  were  formerly  in  the  possession  of  Germany. 

Imports,  1916-17,  $1,463,700;  exports,  $1,557,367,  exclusive  of  supplies  for  the  military 
forces.     Principal  port,  Apia,    which  has  regular  steamboat  service  from  New  Zealand. 


640 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


UNITED  STATES  ISLANDS  IN  THE  PACIFIC 

HAWAn 

A  group  of  islands  in  the  Pacific  Ocean  2,080  miles  southwest  of  San  Francisco,  and 
a  territory  of  the  United  States.  The  total  area  of  the  group  is  but  slightly  larger  than 
that  of  the  combined  states  of  Connecticut  and  Rhode  Island,  of  which  the  island  of  Hawaii 
itself  occupies  very  nearly  as  much  area  as  the  state  of  Connecticut.  The  principal  city 
is  Hondlulu. 

Agriculture  is  the  principal  industry.    Sugar  and  pineapples  are  the  chief  products. 

The  climate  is  tropical. 

Area  and  Population 
Area  of  the  various  islands  constituting  the  group: 


Total  area... 

Hawaii 

Maui 

Oaku 

Kauai .  .  . . 
Molokai... 

Lanai 

Niihau 

Kahoolaue 


6,449  sq.  miles 

4.015 

728 

598 

547 

261 

139 

97 

69 


Population,  showing  division  of  races: 


Races 


Census  of 
1910 


Estimated 
1918 


Races 


Censxis  of 
1910 


Estimated 
1918 


Hawaiian 

Part  Hawaiian.  . 

Portuguese 

Spanish 

Porto  Rican .  .  .  . 
Other  Caucasian 


26,041 
12,506 
23,303 
1,990 
4,890 
14,867 


22,850 
16,100 
24,250 
2,270 
5,200 
30,400 


Chinese.  . 
Japanese. 
Filipinos . 
All  others . 


Total. 


21,674 
79,674 


7,964 


192,909 


22,250 

106,800 

20,400 

5,660 


256,180 


Honolulu,  the  capital,  has  a  population  of  71,950. 

Commerce 
Ten  year  table  of  Hawaiian  imports  and  exports: 


Year 


Imports 


From 
United 
States 


From 

other 

countries 


Total 


Exports 


To 
United 

States 


To 

other 

countries 


Total 


1909 
1910 
1911 
1912 
1913 
1914 
1915 
1916 
1917 
1918 


$17,780,778 
20,560.101 
21,925.177 
24,652,905 
30,646,089 
25,773,412 
25.004.764 
31.127.577 
44.330.475 
43.646.515 


$4,033,574 
4.606.334 
5.190.449 
5.598.444 
6.873,531 
6.282,558 
5.716,023 
6.068,529 
6.482.951 
6.807.048 


$21,814,352 
25.166,435 
27,115.626 
30,251,349 
37,519,620 
32,055,970 
30,720,787 
37,19fM06 
50,813,426 
50,453,563 


$40,432,945 

$84,152 

46,183,265 

306,763 

41,207.651 

730,642 

55,076,070 

373,273 

42,713,184 

758,646 

40,678,580 

915,245 

62.087.250 

377,509 

64,438,297 

226,747 

73,174,343 

923,747 

79,392,926 

1,553,700 

$40,517,097 
46,490.028 
41.938.293 
55,449.343 
43.471.830 
41,593.825 
62.464,759 
64,665.044 
74,098.090 
80.946.626 


HAWAII 


641 


Trade  of  the  United  States  with  the  Hawauan  Islands,  showing  principal  domestic 
articles  shipped  from  the  United  States;  also  the  total  of  foreign  articles  re-shipped: 


Articles 


Agricultural  implements. 
Animals: 


Cattle . 

All  other 

Breadstuffs 

Rice   •,' ; 

Cars,  carriages,  other  vehicles,  and  parts  of 

Chemicals,  drugs,  dyes,  and  medicmes 

Clocks  and  watches,  and  parts  of 

Coal ; 

Copper,  manufactures  of 

Cotton,  manufactures  of 

Earthen,  stone,  and  china  ware 

EggB.. 

FiSre?v!^etai>ie.'  knd  tertile  gr^'es!  mMuf^tui^  of. 
Fish. 


Fruits  and  nuts .... 
Furniture  of  metal . . 
Glass  and  glassware. 


Hay • , 

India  rubber,  manufactures  of 

Instruments,  etc.,  for  scientific  purposes 

Iron  and  steel,  and  manufactures  of  .................  • 

{.amps,  chandeliers,  and  other  devices  for  illuminating. 
Leather,  and  tanned  skins,  and  manufactures  of 


Malt  liquors.  . 

Meat  and  dairy  products 

Naval  stores 

Oils,  mineral 

Paints,  pigments,  and  colore. 
Paper,  and  manufactures  of. 


Soap . 

Spirits,  distilled .... .  • . .- 

Sugar,  molasses,  and  confectionery . 

Tobacco,  and  manufactures  of 

Vegetables 

Wine • 

Wood,  and  manufactures  of 

Wool,  and  manufactures  of 

All  other  articles 


Total  shipments  of  domestic  merchandise. 
Total  re-shipments  of  foreign  merchandise. 
Total  shipments 


Imports  and  exports  by  countries,  1916-1918: 


Countries 


Imports 


1916 


Australia  and  Tasmania 
Other  British  Oceania.. 

British  India 

Canada 

Chile 

France 

Germany 

Hongkong 

Japan 

United  Kingdom 

Other  Foreign 


$255,060 

43,455 

1,183,878 

13,718 

681,487 

3,906 

170 

388,192 

3.113,622 

73,160 

319,881 


1917 


1917 


$58,583 

37,600 
195.763 
267.423 
3.142.022 
2.390.072 
649.878 
45.325 
125.457 
201.009 
3,416,091 
135,994 
120,000 
422,973 
337,453 
473,566 
548,693 
114,134 
298,518 
376,049 
1.105,487 
21,095 
7,996,965 
43,007 
1,322.289 
249.676 
2,044.633 
11.505 
3.240,874 
488.198 
1.316.106 
320.454 
209.037 
343.703 
978.773 
710.543 
291.653 
2,647.534 
445.679 
6,823,442 


$43,967,256 

307,219 

$44,274,475 


1918 


$58,134 

43,595 
76,399 
594,698 
3,039.729 
2.074.223 
670.451 
37,839 
157,411 
90,601 
2,895,748 
124.626 
205,156 
184.344 
510.705 
654.863 
566.073 
79.944 
259,091 
326.505 
1,494.698 
19.952 
7,741,112 
35,233 
893,416 
194.316 
1,618.554 
13.908 
4.089.927 
409.425 
939.310 
350.835 
197,489 
278.336 
1.065.6S9 
609.393 
342,723 
2,393.375 
481.888 
7,826.801 


$43,646,515 


1918 


Exports 


1916 


1917 


1918 


$164,571 

70,166 

1,130.449 

28,405 

899,358 

7,902 

2,507 

429,126 

3,406,571 

86,662 

258.234 


$118,433 

71,974 

834,512 

345.340 

1,001,089 

4,304 

6,064 

385,011 

3,672.468 

68,991 

288.852 


$10,832 

23,115 

23 

54.323 


3,317 

50,121 

454 

83,036 


$8,684 

76,194 

453 

159.707 

40 


5,348 
203,752 

7,744 
173,942 


$20,284 
161,923 


88.856 


11,125 

626,624 

19« 

242.210 


642 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Domestic  exports,  1916-1918: 


Articles 


1916 


1917 


1918 


Sugar: 

Raw 

Refined 

Coffee,  raw 

Fruits  and  nuts* . 

Rice 

ffidea 

Other 


Total . 


$52,507,295 

1,902,290 

418.607 

6,889,705 

143.120 

259.623 

2.493.691 


$64,614,331 


$60,137,962 

2,605.310 

391.568 

8.355,395 

165,779 

295,965 

3,040,826 


$74,992,805 


$62,076,956 

2,033,011 

466,689 

8,640,838 

84,813 

398,719 

6,786,516 


$80,487,542 


Note:  •  Mostly  pineapples. 

Production  and  Industry 

Agriculture:  .  u         •    i        « 

The  principal  agricultural  products  are  sugar,  nee,  pmeapples,  rubber,  sisal,  coffee, 
vaniUa,  tobacco  and  honey.  There  are  over  215,000  acres  of  land  planted  in  sugar  cane, 
giving  the  greatest  yield  per  acre  of  any  sugar  fields  in  the  worid.  The  average  yield  is 
from  30  to  40  tons  per  acre.  The  sugar  output  for  the  past  four  years  is  as  foUows :  1916-17 
644,574  tons;  1917-18,  577,000  tons;  1918-19,  579,000  tons;  1919-20,  640,000  tons  (esti- 
mated). 

The  second  crop  is  rice,  grown  by  Japanese  and  Chinese  on  lowland  coast  farms  on  the 
islands  of  Kauai  and  Oahu.    There  are  now  over  12,000  acres  planted  in  rice. 

Kona  coffee  from  the  Kona  district  of  the  island  of  Hawaii  is  an  important  crop, 
running  to  about  25,000  bags  annually,  gathered  from  4,500  acres.  About  6,000  acres 
are  devoted  to  the  growing  of  pineapples.  UntU  1919  the  average  exports  of  pineapples 
were  300,000  cases  of  canned,  and  1,000  tons  of  fresh  fruit.  The  canning  of  the  fruit  is  a 
growing  industry  and  1919  exports  of  canned  fruit  were  somewhat  over  1,000,000  cases. 
The  best  pineapples  are  grown  on  the  island  of  Oahu. 

Other  fruits  grown  are  mangoes,  oranges,  bananas,  cocoanuts,  figs,  grapes,  straw- 
berries and  Utchi  nuts.  Rubber  grown  in  the  islands  is  of  excellent  quaUty  and  the  annual 
production  is  about  75,000  pounds.  A  high  grade  of  tobacco  is  grown  on  the  island  of 
Hawaii.  The  annual  honey  yield  is  now  over  1,000  tons,  with  a  yield  of  15  tons  of  wax. 
Some  1,500  acres  are  planted  in  sisal,  which  is  used  in  the  manufacture  of  binder  twine. 
The  annual  sisal  crop  is  about  200  tons. 

The  forest  area  of  the  island  is  about  545,746  acres;  357,180  being  government  lands. 
Annual  food  crop  production: 


Crop 


Acreage 


Yield 


Rice 

Bananas 

Beans 

Irish  potatoes.  . 
Sweet  potatoes. 

Com 

Alfalfa 

Cassava 


12.000 
820 
959 
620 
760 
9.290 
463 
108 


500,000  bags* 

"ii. 44  5  bags 
91.500  bags 
61,600  bags 
99.917  tons 
5,973  tons 
25,920  bags 


Note:     +Baga  of  100  pounds. 

Cattle  raising  ranks  next  to  the  sugar  industry  in  importance.  The  local  cattle  ranches 
supply  neariy  all  the  meat  for  domestic  consumption.  Wool  and  hides  are  shipped  to  the 
United  States. 


HAWAII 


643 


Minerals: 

The  mineral  resources  of  Hawaii  are  practically  imdeveloped.    There  are  unworked 
deposits  of  pumice,  sandstone,  sulphur,  gypsum,  alum,  salt,  kaolin,  and  salammoniac. 

Manufactures: 

There  is  little  manufacturing  outside  of  that  connected  with  the  sugar  and  pineapple 
canning  industries. 

Corporations  doing  business  in  Hawaii : 


Cli 


Number 


Inc.  before 

Aug.  12 

1898 


Inc.  after 

Aug.  12 

1898 


Total 


Capital 


Inc.  before 

Aug.  12 

1898 


Inc.  after 

Aug.  12 

1898 


Total 


Agricultural .  .  .  .  , 

Mercantile 

Railroad 

Street  car 

Steamship , 

Bank 

Savings  and  loan . 

Trust 

Insurance 


47 

36 

5 


106 
394 
4 
2 
1 
6 
13 
6 
2 


153 
433 
9 
2 
2 
7 
13 
7 
2 


$47,966,750 

19.901.125 

7,370,000 


3.000,000 
600.000 


200.000 


$35,909,015 

43,815,093 

7,139,960 

1,950,000 

6,000 

1,650,000 

776,000 

900,000 

200,000 


$83,875,765 

63,716,218 

14,509.960 

1,950.000 

3,006.000 

2,250,000 

776,000 

1,000,000 

200,000 


Railroads,  Telephones,  Post  Offices: 

Railroads  have  a  total  mileage  of  975.  Telephones:  There  are  43  miles  of  con- 
duits, 113  miles  of  cable,  and  9,380  miles  of  open  wire.  There  are  3,479  instruments, 
exclusive  of  Honolulu.    There  are  also  three  wireless  stations. 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures:  As  in  United  States. 

Language:  English. 

Shipping  Routes: 
From  New  York: 

Morgan  Line. 
From  San  Francisco: 

Great  Northern  Pacific  S.  S.  Co. 

Matson  Navigation  Co. 

Oceanic  S.  S.  Co. 

Cable  Rates: 

To  Oahu,  $0.37  per  word;  to  other  islands,  $0.52  from  New  York  or  New  England 
states. 

Postal  Rates:  United  States  domestic  letter  rates. 

Mail  Time:  Twelve  days  from  New  York. 

Parcels  Post:    Service  extends  to  Hawaii.    Rate  2  cents  for  each  pound  or  fraction  thereof. 

Money  Orders:    As  in  the  United  States. 


<)  \ 

1 

:< 

il 

»• 

3  n 

•  \u 

- 

n 

■    11 

m 


644 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


PHILIPPINE  ISLANDS 


645 


PHILIPPINE  ISLANDS 

A  group  of  islands  in  the  East  Indies,  numbering  about  3,141,  and  extendmg  from 
Taiwan  in  the  north  to  Borneo  in  the  south.  They  are  possessions  of  the  United  btates^ 
The  combined  area  of  the  islands  is  a  little  larger  than  that  of  the  combmed  states  of 
Connecticut,  New  York,  New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania  and  Delaware.  The  principal  city. 
Manila,  is  about  as  large  as  Denver,  Colorado. 

There  are  three  seasons  in  Manila,  the  cool  and  dry  season  from  November  to  February, 
the  warm  and  dry  from  March  to  May,  and  the  wet  from  June  to  November;  the  months 
from  November  to  March  are  best  for  a  trip. 

The  principal  industry  of  the  PhiUppines  is  agriculture  and  progress  is  being  made  in 
the  improvement  of  methods.  To  a  large  extent  the  industry  is  stUl  carried  on  m  a  primi- 
tive fashion.  The  most  important  crops  are  hemp,  sugar,  cocoanuts,  nee,  com,  coffee 
cacao,  tobacco  leaf,  and  indigo.     Numerous  mineral  deposits  have  been  located  of  whicb 


coal  and  iron  are  most  important.  Coal  mining  is  Ukewise  carried  on  extensively.  The 
manufacturing  industries  consist  chiefly  in  the  preparation  of  agricultural  products  for  the 
market,  the  manufacture  of  cigars  and  cigarettes,  sugar,  rice  mills,  hemp  factories,  and 
copra  factories. 

The  largest  proportion  of  the  trade  of  the  PhiUppines  Islands  is  carried  on  with  the 
United  States,  which  in  1918  suppUed  59.6  per  cent,  of  the  total  imports  and  received 
66.1  per  cent,  of  the  total  exports. 

Area  and  Population 

The  total  area  of  the  islands  is  about  115,026  square  miles. 

Area  of  islands  which  have  each  an  area  of  over  1,000  square  miles: 


Sq.  Miles 


Sq.  Miles 


Luzon 

Mindanao , 

Samar 

Negros ... 
Panay .... 
Palawan . . 


40,969 
36,292 
5.031 
4,881 
4,611 
4.027 


Mindoro . 
Leyte .  . . 
Cebu . . . 
Bohol . . . 
Masbate . 


3,8.51 
2.722 
1.762 
1.441 
1.236 


The  present  population  is  estimated  at  9,503,271;  consisting  of  native  bom,  9,429,905, 
and  foreign  bom,  73,366. 

Two-thirds  of  the  foreign  born  are  Chinese,  and  nearly  one-half  the  remainder  are 
Asiatics,  chiefly  Japanese.    There  are  about  5,000  Americans. 

The  natives  are  broadly  classified  as  Malaysian.  The  Christianized  natives  number 
about  8,413,347,  and  the  Mohammedans,  or  Moors,  about  315,980. 

Population  of  principal  towns: ^^^^ 


Manila  (capital) . 

Iloilo 

Abu 

La6ag 


266,943 
48.000 
46,000 
46.000 


Albay 

Vigan 

Naga 

Zamboanga. 


43.000 
18.000 
12,000 
30.000 


Commerce 

Value  of  the  total  foreign  trade  of  the  United  States  with  the  Philippine  Islands  for 
eleven  years:  • ^^^^^^^^^ 


Year 

Ended 

June 

30 


Exports 


Domestic 


Foreign 


Total 


Imports 


1 


Free 


Dutiable 


Total 


Per 

Cent. 

Free 


Excess  of 
ExportsC*) 

or 
Imports  (-) 


1909.. 

1910.. 

1911.. 

1912.. 

1913.. 

1914.. 

1915.. 

1916., 

1917. 

1918. 

1919. 


111.182,175 
16,768,909 
19,677,802 
23,703.935 
25,360.646 
27,268,064 
24,691.611 
23,359,065 
26.984,672 
48,276,470 


$7,266 
63,836 
45,311 
32.198 
24.147 
36,523 
63,709 
62.107 
221,940 
148,618 


$11,189,165 
16,832,645 
19.723.113 
23.736.133 
25.384.793 
27.304,587 
24,755,320 
23,421,172 
27,206,612 
48,425.088 
69.030.876 


$7,755,165 
17,282,060 
17,389,382 
23,239,870 
21,000.177 
18.148,926 
24,009,891 
28,220,914 
42.421,938 
78,071,339 


$1,678,821 
35,837 
11.016 
17,329 
10,071 
13,386 
10,278 
11,335 
14,309 
30,073 


$9,433,986 
17.317,897 
17.400,398 
23,257.199 
21,010,248 
18,162,312 
24.020,169 
28,232.249 
42.436,247 
78.101,412 
82.490,760 


82.20 
99.79 
99.94 
99.93 
99.95 
99.93 
99.96 
99.96 
99.97 
99.96 


♦$1,755,455 

-485,252 

♦2,322,715 

♦478,934 

♦4.374,545 

♦9,142.275 

♦735,151 

-4,811.707 

-15,229,635 

-29,676,324 

-12,459,884 


646 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Foreign  trade  of  the  Philippines  for  thirteen  years: 


Year  Ended  June  30 


Imports 


From 
United 
States 


From 

Other 

Countries 


Total 


Exports 


To 
United 
States 


To 

Other 

Countries 


Total 


1907 
1908 
1909 
1910 
1911 
1912 
1913 
1914 
1915 
1916 
1917 
1918 
1919 


$5,155,359 
5,079,487 
4,691,770 
10,775,301 
19,483,658 
20,604,155 
25,387,085 
28,571.821 
22.394,381 
23.804,367 
27,516,556 
49,799,229 
64,655,144 


$23,630,496 
25.838.870 
23.100,627 
26,292,329 
30.350,064 
33.945,825 
30.940.498 
27,439.749 
22.085.480 
22.169.258 
24.466.722 
33.964.061 
43.119,119 


$27,785,855 
30,918,357 
27,792.397 
37.067.630 
49,833.722 
54,549,980 
56,327.583 
56.011.570 
44,479.861 
45,973,625 
51,983.278 
83,763.290 

107,774,263 


$12,079,204 
10.323.233 
10,215,331 
18,741,771 
16,716,956 
21,517,777 
19,848.885 
22,047,105 
23,001,275 
28,638,526 
43,12,'>,393 
77.010.233 
79,332,548 


$21,634,153 
22,493,334 
20,778,232 
21,122,398 
23,061.673 
28,802,059 
33,834,441 
29,190.943 
27,913,786 
32,825,505 
28,589,982 
39.604.378 
43,396,690 


$33,713,357 
32,816,567 
30,993,563 
39,864,169 
39.778.629 
50.319.836 
53.683.326 
51.238.048 
50,915.061 
61,464.031 
71,715.375 
116,614.611 
122,729,238 


The  marked  discrepancy  between  the  United  States  figures  of  exports  to  the  Philippine 
Islands  prior  to  1911  and  the  Philippine  figures  of  imports  from  the  United  States  in  corre- 
sponding periods  is  due  chiefly  to  the  fact  that  the  Phihppine  import  figures  prior  to  that 
year  omit  merchandise  imported  free  of  duty  for  the  use  of  the  Government  or  for  use  in 
construction  and  equipment  of  railways  in  the  islands,  under  the  act  of  February  6,  1905, 
while  the  United  States  returns  omit  only  Government  supplies  carried  by  Government 
vessels. 

Principal  articles  of  import  by  countries  of  origin  during  1918  and  1919: 


Imports 


Twelve  Months  Ending  June 


1918 


Quantity 


Value 


1919 


Quantity 


Value 


Automobiles No. 

United  States No. 

Cement Bbls. 

United  States Bbls. 

China Bbls. 

French  East  Indies Bbls. 

Japan 2ui"' 

Other  countries Bbls. 

Coal Long  tons 

United  States Long  tons 

China Long  tons 

Japan Long  tons 

Other  countries Long  tons 

Cotton,  and  manufactures: 

Cloths Sq.  yds. 

United  States Sq.  yds. 

United  Kingdom Sq.  yds 

Japan Sq.  yds. 

Other  countries Sq.  yds. 


Thread 

United  States . . 
Other  countries. 


Wearing  apparel . . 
United  States . . 

Japan 

Other  countries. 


1,646 
1.646 

182,205 
2,654 

114,327 
19,932 
33,216 
12,076 

395,275 
10 

loi.e.'is 

253,638 
39,972 


138,405.699 

117.202.749 

8.777,713 

9,033,172 

3,392,065 


$1,278,675 
1,278.675 

426,453 
7,669 

280.(040 
33,064 
86,739 
28,941 

1,874,997 
231 

328,103 
1,334,745 

211,918 


19,171,262 

16,011,733 

1,368.071 

1,276,167 

515,291 

639,648 
484,996 
154,652 

2,350,565 
743,246 

1,433,623 
173,691 


1,409 
1,409 

228,769 
101 
61,710 
75,191 
73,432 
18,335 

396,934 


107,769 

255,807 

33,358 


80,977.816 

67.054.735 

4,124,950 

6,841,925 

2,956,206 


$1,490,511 
1,460.511 

580,708 
1,236 
147,953 
129,900 
224,556 
77,063 

3,028,140 


517,936 

2,300,461 

209,743 


16,540,658 
13,769,986 

960,109 
1,274,820 

535,743 

840,035 
631,752 
208,283 

3,755,821 

1,758,463 

1,903,475 

93,883 


Continued  on  page  647 


PHILIPPINE  ISLANDS 


647 


Table  Continued: 


Imports 


Twelve  Months  Ending  June 


1918 


Quantity 


Value 


1919 


Quantity 


Yarn Lbs. 

United  States Lbs. 

United  Kingdom Lbs. 

Japan I'bs. 

Other  countries Lbs. 


All  other 

United  States . . . 
United  Kingdom . 
Other  countries .  . 


Iron  and  steel: 

Machinery 

United  States .  .  . 
United  Kingdom , 
Other  countries .  . 


All  other 

United  Sutes . . . 
United  Kingdom , 
Other  countries .  . 


Illuminating  oil Gals. 

United  States Gals. 

Dutch  East  Indies Gals. 

Other  countries Gals. 

Leather,  and  manufactures: 

Boots  and  shoes Pairs 

United  States Pairs 

Other  countries Pairs 


All  other 

United  States . . 
Other  countries . 


Meat  and  dairy  products: 
Condensed  milk Lbs. 

United  States Lbs. 

United  Kingdom Lbs. 

Other  countries Lbs. 

Fresh  beef Lbs 

United  States Lbs 

Australasia Lbs. 

China Lbs 


All  other 

United  States . . 
Australasia.  .  . . 
Other  countries . 


Paper,  and  manufactures . 

United  States 

France 

Japan 

Other  countries 


Rice Long  tons 

United  States Long  tons 

French  East  Indies Long  tons 

Siam Long  tons 

Other  countries Long  tons 

Wheat  flour Bbls. 

United  States Bbls. 

Australasia Bbls. 

Japan Bbls. 

Otner  countries Bbls. 

All  other  articles 

United  States 

Other  coimtries 


2,510,940 
2,659 

333,450 
1,723,492 

451.339 


9,281,483 

6,819,367 

2,416,794 

45.322 


612,222 

485,014 
127,208 


11,999,783 

11,284,084 

148,206 

567,493 

8,385,679 

4,484 

1,056.279 

7,324,916 


156,616 


Total  imports. 


149,295 

7.118 

203 

364,695 

1,518 

319,175 

43,572 

430 


$1,269,302 

2,178 

243.107 

853,291 

170,726 

1,874,141 
988,449 
288,400 
597,292 


3,233,450 

3,039,769 

50,059 

143,622 

6,071,093 

5,265,800 

76,021 

729,272 

1,242,692 

906,361 

331,384 

4,947 


1,078,204 

1,038,803 

39,401 

813,383 
675,182 
138,201 


1,377,452 

1,300,980 

14,816 

61,656 

804,341 

1,304 

112,908 

690,129 

1,235,726 
449,157 
231,682 

554,887 

1,992,198 

1,060,259 

241,770 

399,705 

290,464 

6,167,015 

2 

5,665,564 

485,507 

15,942 

2,667,736 

14,214 

2,343,723 

305,773 

4,026 

28,184,957 

16,530,221 

11.654.736 


$83,763,290 


2,875,799 
3,190 

260.152 
2,090,190 

576,267 


9,756,425 

9.421,893 

334,478 

54 


680,548 

598,836 

81,712 


7.464,595 
6,227.574 
84.106 
1,152,915 
6,904,911 
860 
1,695,183 
5,208,868 


146,244 


123,068 

19,101 

4,075 

310,000 

43 

274,978 

1,541 

33,438 


Value 


$1,845,211 

2.237 

278,134 

1,277,317 

287.523 

2,328,167 

1,423,145 

330,367 

574,655 


7,100,895 

6,378,893 

13,326 

708.676 

7.697.765 

6.864.915 

89.861 

743.019 

2.420.686 

2.369.884 

50,787 

15 


1.542.270 

1.521,050 

21,220 

1.106,453 
919,367 
187.086 


1,360.884 

1,037.782 

17.727 

305.375 

737,791 

223 

213,161 

524,407 

1,761,068 
627,788 
333,459 
799,821 

2,225  J677 

1,181,430 

362,653 

448,093 

233,501 

8,488.590 

17 

6.547,212 

1,736,584 

204,777 

2,546,815 

729 

2,301,412 

8,867 

232,807 

40,376,088 

24,675.736 

15.700.352 


$107,774,236 


! 


{ 


»  '     - 

f.. 

I 

I 

t 

I 


4 


I 


648 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Principal  articles  of  export  with  countries  of  destination  during  1918  and  1919: 


Exports 


Twelve  Months  Ending  June 


1918 


Quantity 


Value 


1919 


Quantity 


Value 


Manila  Hemp Long   ons 

United  States Long  tons 

United  Kingdom Lo^^K  ^^^ 

jaoan  Long  tons 

Other  countries Long  tons 

CocoanutoU \ZllT^ 

United  States Long  tons 

Other  countries Long  tons 


Sugar 


.Long  tons 


United  Stktes Long  tons 

China Longtons 

Hongkong Longton^ 


Japan 


.Long  tons 


Other  countries". Long  tons 


Copra 


.  Long  tons 


United  States.' '. Lo°8  Jons 

France J^^5  ^^ 


Spain 


Long  tons 


Other  countries Long  tons 

Qla^TB  Thous. 

Unit^  states! '.'.'.' Jhous. 

Australasia TJo"f- 

China Thous. 

Hongkong.., Thous. 

Other  countries inous. 

Unmanufactured  tobacco Lbs. 

United  States J^^ 

France }^P? 

Spain VS 

Other  countries ^°^ 

^•*Sed8taie.:;:::::.::::::.::;::toSI'«S 
Sr.rr1=o'^Jn"&'";/;//;/.;;:::::-.:::^»SiroS 

Knotted  hemp f'^' 

United  States ^^^ 

France t  ?r" 

Tt_i,,  IjDB. 

Italy T  i^ 

Switzerland . j  {^- 


Other  countries . 


All  other  articles 

United  States 

Other  cotmtries .  . 

Total  exports . 


158.211 

83,972 

55.160 

11.412 

7,607 

70.976 

70.872 

104 

22.5.428 
78.713 
35,306 
76.438 
34.674 
297 

103.887 

88.419 

4.447 

10,504 

617 

318.564 

224.174 

6.168 

29.527 

8.869 

49.826 

41.269,433 
7,466.544 
7,406,927 

24.986.619 
1,409,343 

10.992 
3.773 
4.553 
2.666 

1.253.126 
417.011 
172.083 
197.393 
263.560 
203,079 


$54,493,970 

32.418.469 

14.&S2,401 

5.353,514 

2,039.586 

18.552.249 

18.531.746 

20.503 

13.304.770 
6,512,948 
1,721.309 
3.430.819 
1.620.972 
18.722 

9.527.241 

8.172.252 

394.513 

918.299 

42,177 

5.708,718 
4,653,111 
107.631 
366.620 
UMOO 
4691^56 

4.954,298 
1,740.159 

774,547 

2.219.335 

220.257 

1.904.131 

673.486 
810.Oi4 
420.601 

1,093,337 
364,961 
196.804 
158,661 
202.038 
170,873 

7.075,897 
3.943.101 
3.132.796 


$116,614,611 


Value  of  principal  articles  imported,  1914-1918: 


Name  of  Articles 


1914 


1915 


1916 


Agricultural  implements,  and  parts  of . . 

Carabao 

Other  cattle .•  •        •    ■■■ 

Books,  and  other  printed  matter 

Brass,  and  manufactures  of 

Wheat  flour 

Other  breadstuffs •,•  •  •  ■■■■  ■  •    -' 

Automobiles  and  parts,  including  tires. 
Other  cars,  carriages,  vehicles,  and  parts 

of 

Cement 


$35,449 
66.557 
241.766 
469.546 
227.886 

1.611.158 
434,006 

1.013,451 

473.912 

554,882 


$51,377 
101.859 
416.081 
409.446 
192,335 
1,946.303 
664,047 
974.816 

317,285 
408,530 


$48,580 
57.546 
179, .589 
469,762 
175,415 

1.501,441 
459,643 

1.352..572 

230.594 
293.100 


132.648 

69,829 

47,517 

9,536 

5.766 

128.789 

120,829 

7.960 

236.391 
91.454 
40.700 
66,794 
35.029 
2.414 

14.369 
13.284 


1.085 

397.716 

276,289 

8.075 

34,348 

8,469 

70,535 

48,078,911 

3,311.384 

9,130,549 

22,726,346 

12.910.632 

9.430 

744 

2.256 

6,430 

662,297 

269,509 

65,181 

174,187 

82,489 

70.931 


$41,829,640 

24.203,6:v,i 

12.849.09'.* 

3.249.791 

1.527,091 

35.541.361 

33.406.387 

2.134.974 

17.201.62.5 
8.174.817 
2.646.453 
3.982.4  Ifi 
2.189.239 
208.700 

1.426.585 
1.270.803 


155,782 

8,601,889 
6,7.'"j7.451 
161.111 
600.741 
133.145 
949.441 

5,629,827 

836,163 

930.095 

2,451.038 

1,412,531 

1,442,491 
105,936 
345.161 
991.394 

544.479 

229.920 

52.480 

137.660 

66,028 

58,401 

10,511,341 
4.347.412 
6.163,929 


$122,729,238 


1917 


1918 


$71,355 

$160,197 

41,344 

17.364 

175,149 

99.174 

485,779 

605.645 

284,544 

364.493 

1,915.525 

3.016,764 

442,579 

557,537 

1,540.400 

3,262.832 

245,080 

274.744 

■  298.256 

498,427 

Continued  on  page  649 


PHILIPPINE    ISLANDS 


649 


Table  Continued: 


Countries 


1914 


1915 


1916 


1917 


1918 


Chemicals,  drugs,  dyes,  and  medicines 

Coal 

Cocoa  or  cacao 

Coffee • 

Copper,  and  manufactures  of 

Cotton,  and  manufactures  of 

Diamonds  and  other  precious  stones. 

and  imitations  of.  unset 

Earthen,  stone  and  china  ware 

Eggs : 

Filers,  vegetable,  and  textile  grasses 

and  manufactures  of 

Fish  and  fish  products 

Fruits  and  nuts 

Glass  and  glassware 

Gold,  platinum  and  silver,  and  manu 

f actures  of ,' ',' '  ' 

India  rubber,   manufactures  of   (auto 

tires  excluded) 

Instruments  and  apparatus 

Iron  and  steel,  and  manufactures  of . . . 

Leather,  and  manufactures  of 

Meat  products 

Dairy  products • 

Musical  instruments,  and  parts  of 

Illuminating  oil 

Other  oil 

Paints  and  pigments 

Paper,  and  manufactures  of • 

Perfumery  and  all  other  toilet  prepara 

tions ••••••• 

Photographic  equipment  and  supplies . 

Plated  ware.  gold,  and  silver 

Rice 

Silk,  and  manufactures  of 

Soap. 


Spirits,  wines,  and  malt  liquors . 

Sugar  and  molasses 

Tobacco,  and  manufactures  of. 

Vegetables 

Wax ;  •  •  • 

Wood,  and  manufactures  of . . . 
Wool,  and  manufactures  of . . . . 
Other  imports 


Total. 


723.791 
1,749,745 
331.903 
347.384 
133.877 
9.956.244 

219,861 
163.289 
411.365 

747.178 
720.735 
405.273 
293.319 

111.913 

285.144 

828,711 

6.983,444 

1,557.824 

1.866,274 

1.118.273 

98.986 

1,281,020 

793,834 

192,011 

757,190 

207.930 
103.273 
120,977 

3.276,148 
849.438 
585,362 
350,052 
275,345 
307,293 
795,339 
74,077 
771.789 
380.202 

3.284,227 


$48.588.6.53 


865,329 
1,432,.520 
234,740 
242.390 
125.151 
11.791.414 

208.127 
142,252 
414.517 

598.680 
416.144 
355.103 
270.777 

86.236 

297.166 

750.246 

4,430,071 

1,274,802 

1,721,237 

1,099,841 

64,596 

1,129,015 

900,510 

287,515 

761,210 

268,506 

96,055 

94,681 

6,724,275 

902,787 

481.098 

315.520 

208.836 

392,291 

714,441 

1 16,069 

336,212 

264,766 

3.014,316 


$49,312,183 


•1,388,074 

1.303,994 

4i)o,513 

345,166 

125,742 

9.324.886 

234,401 
199,345 
330.901 

620.587 
560,010 
369.967 
325.604 

92.118 

350.858 

680.512 

3.763,238 

1,059.668 

1,135.743 

992,954 

71.368 

1,012,845 

1,315.762 

255.613 

894.943 

216.527 

99.466 

123.316 

6.521.821 

884,976 

315.159 

354,238 

81,871 

424.501 

738.812 

143.525 

308,498 

147.602 

3,194,909 


$45,496,337 


Value  of  imports  by  countries  of  origin,  1914-18: 


United  States. .. . 
Hawaii 

Porto  Rico .... 

Guam 

United  Kingdom. 
Austria-Hungary . 

Belgium 

Denmark 

France 

Germany 

Italy 

Netherlands 

Spain 

Norway 

Switzerland 

Canada 

China 


Japanese  China. . .  . 
British  East  India . 
Dutch  East  Indies . 
French  East  Indies. 

Hongkong 

Japan 

Siam 

Australasia 

Britbh  Africa 

French  Africa 

All  other  countries . 


Total $48..588,653 


$24,011,401 
251,244 
10.344 
1,991 
4.429,612 
149,045 
215..560 
81,011 
1,098,609 
2,252,550 
191,678 
132,504 
1.193.475 
138.785 
520.895 
46,065 
2,503,.588 
158.509 
744,346 
550,349 
3,131,240 
297,148 
3.633.642 
320.995 
2.425,251 
22.611 
431 
75.774 


$26,381,069 
158,046 
15,327 
1,702 
3,261,015 
19,198 
6,266 
63,259 
750,832 
226,811 
150,923 
147,669 
919,103 
104,040 
792,810 
14,257 
2,331.081 
91,616 
755,991 
571,102 
6,883,070 
202.294 
3,717,268 
297,440 
1.409,513 
228 
308 
39,789 


$49,312,183 


$22,862,673 

189.530 

11.188 

360 

2.566,254 

3,680 

14,710 

41,623 

633,595 

75.131 

103,656 

140,534 

854,946 

227,526 

478,915 

6,110 

2,643,377 

127,435 

1,040.509 

1,005,567 

6,405,521 

110,278 

4,769,687 

311,274 

888.259 

6.072 


1,431,124 

1.538.235 

452,527 

418.626 

221,680 

13.787.002 

356.149 
276,771 
290,353 

1,535,904 
927,868 
411,602 
475.390 

101.332 

341.116 

946.953 

5.927,562 

1,623,008 

1,425,436 

1,564,619 

67,166 

1,336,667 

1,457.441 

331.871 

1.889.186 

356.564 

101.843 

245.552 

5.390,731 

1,980,593 

581,815 

328,306 

43.312 

589.223 

911.985 

144,822 

549,214 

427,913 

4,459,145 


$65,797,030  '  $98,599.211 


1.670,717 

2.331.174 

496,229 

374.008 

259,221 

29.008.422 

599.890 
439.657 
583.173 

2.362.162 

2.606.175 

619.970 

873.724 

217.699 

581,559 
1.109,384 
12,253,985 
2,085,532 
2,064,169 
1,335,516 

118,081 
1,213,460 
1.584,141 

695,892 
1,841.991 

332.186 
132,943 
567.707 

8.216.792 

2.863.512 

346,632 

403.197 

42,306 

784,665 

1,218,044 
180.900 
886,173 
871,547 

5.669,391 


$37,620,147 
307,623 


31.866 


950 

2.961.235 

1.031 

21.803 

43.708 

787.874 

160.930 

96.395 

88.455 

7  3,479 

14,929 

376,987 

14,280 

4,257,325 

140,003 

1,268,345 

1,000,086 

5,240,790 

192,783 

8,216,218 

354,492 

1,798,633 

79,546 


$58,824,611 
335.236 


855 

2.764.407 

831 


48.478 


$45,496,337  I  $65,797,030 


20,405 

806.650 

32.607 

44.647 

45,463 

467,206 

7.737 

480,506 

32,475 

6,576,962 

102.231 

1,939,980 

892,003 

6,978,043 

56,827 

13,104,055 

1.155,127 

3,694,240 

194,964 


41,137 


$98,599,212 


650 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


PHILIPPINE  ISLANDS 


651 


Value  of  exports  by  countries  of  destination,  1914-18: 


Ck>untrie8 


1914 


1915 


1916 


1917 


1918 


United  States 

Hawaii 

Guam 

United  Kingdom. . . 
Austria-Hungary. . , 

Belgium 

Denmark 

France 

Germany 

Italy 

Netherlands 

Spain 

Norway 

Switzerland 

Canada 

China 

Japanese  China 

British  East  Indies 
Dutch  East  Indies . 
French  East  Indies 

Hongkong 

Japan 

Siam 

Australasia 

British  Africa , 

French  Africa. .... 
All  other  countries 

*"'  Total 


$24,427,710 

119,415 

88,371 

7,280.033 

82.829 

253,525 

1.633 

3,897.283 

1,079.714 

738.520 

333,116 

2,256,337 

203 

11,097 

2,313 

1,102,290 

3.428 

1,157,095 

59,264 

8,505 

2,025.917 

2,993.845 

24.523 

602.650 

721 

74,534 

64,963 


$23,653,211 

122.772 

73.930 

9.227.103 


5.553,813 

68 

1,435.197 

287.081 

2,592,137 


$48,689,634 


97,688 

46,690 

1,626,246 

1.538 

1,076.624 

60.182 

33.161 

3,471.408 

3.780.246 

23.681 

559. 170 

973 

4.025 

90,572 


$35,648,132 

134.603 

55.119 

12.434.260 


3,210 

2.890.236 

42 

616.629 

640,298 

2,478,881 


$53,813,004 


182.907 

683.526 

2,209.153 

34.134 

1,345.869 

209.389 

104.366 

4.103,147 

4.848,807 

18.200 

669,638 

523 


$63,234,358 

176,806 

103,296 

10.305,084 


1,465,434 

9 

117.261 


1,737.027 


626.108 


$69,937,182 


183,076 

545,314 

2,162,258 

29,982 

901,408 

245,323 

413,734 

5,384.263 

7.327.972 

22,232 

1.190,270 

985 


$89,246,918 

144,200 

260,555 

19,481,698 


237 


1.242.072 


144.505 


3.462,961 


58.409 


$95,604,306 


127,364 

667,645 

3.249,280 

8,484 

1,575,905 

439.419 

1,302,376 

5,008,164 

7,963,404 

64,546 

742,643 

6,045 


151.004 


$135,194,482 


Value  of  principal  articles  exported,  1914-1918: 


Name  of  Article 


1914 


1915 


1916 


1917 


1918 


Copra 

Cocoanut  cake 

Cocoanut  oil 

Cordage 

Embroideries 

Hats 

Knotted  hemp 

Hemp 

Maguey 

SheUs: 

Black  lip  pearl 

Golden  up  pearl 

Trocha 

Green  snail 

Stigar 

Tobacco: 

Cigars 

Cigarettes 

Other  tobacco 

Lumber: 

Almon 

Lauan 

Tanguile 

Other  lumber 

Pili  nuts 

Pearl  buttons 

All  other  domestic  merchandise 
Exports  of  foreign  merchandise 

Total 


$7,980,270 

116.812 

2,619.183 

86.014 

162.456 

313,881 

570,762 

19.194.815 

417,057 

14.228 
143,608 
116,257 

66,238 
11,059,593 

2.315,159 

38.723 

1.823,650 

44,479 

* 

167.849 

97.436 

22.312 

62,117 

703,890 

553.820 


$48,689,634 


$11,111,554 


2.820.501 
94,899 
367.651 
257.069 
305.746 
21,339.100 
535.203 

7,918 

121,470 

111.493 

60.374 

11,310,215 

2,057.302 

42.495 

1,605.136 

36.053 

8.184 

166,990 

24.048 

11,788 

80.740 

784.943 

552.126 


$53,813,004 


$7,115,970 

22,960 

3.925.734 

146,622 

1.164.012 

656.613 

532.6.58 

26.692.296 

1,739,989 

10,375 

134.702 

59.731 

46.766 

18.587,592 

2,844.375 

49.741 

2,932,057 

15,410 

124.028 

264,559 

86,646 

7.217 

122.141 

1.050.642 

1,604.339 


$69,937,182 


$8,327,150 

18,499 

11,409.147 

384.487 

1.964,6.59 

695.416 

940.079 

46,807,779 

2,348,246 

*1.163 

116,542 

3,021 

21.587 

12,277.678 

4.794.096 

56.507 

2.299.937 

63.073 

78.726 

170,841 

109,107 

529 

112,315 

951,291 

1.662,425 


$95,604,306 


$5,188,514 

3,627 

21.664.158 

866,984 

2,180.676 

591.723 

789,434 

58,191.550 

1.868,054 

3.081 

173,605 

41.692 

37,820 

15.804.390 

7,116.718 

115.970 

6.342,624 

39,625 

78,734 

115,936 

85,196 

288 

90.665 

982.951 

2,820,459 


$135,194,482 


Production  and  Industry 
Agriculture: 

There  are  about  12,000,000  acres  of  arable  land  in  the  islands,  with  about  7,000,000 
acres  under  cultivation.  The  leading  agricultural  products  are  rice,  abaca  (manila  hemp), 
sugar  cane,  cocoanuts,  corn,  tobacco  and  maguey  (sisal). 

Principal  crops  with  annual  value: 


Crop 


Acreage 


Annual  Yield 


Value 


Rice 

Manila  hemp 

Sugar  cane 

Cocoanut: 

Palms 

Copra  and  oil. 

Corn 

Tobacco 

Maguey 

Coffee 

Cacao 


3.000.000 

1,000.000 

400.000 


1.000.000 

125.000 

70.000 

2.000 

2,500 


44,000,000  bushels. 


40.000  tons  of  leaf . 
40,000  tons 


$25,000,000 
20,000.000 
17,000,000 

12,500,000 

10.000,000 

7,000.000 

4,000,000 

900.000 


The  interior  plains  and  valleys  of  Mindanao  offer  splendid  opportunities  for  cattle 
raising.  Cattle,  swine  and  horses  thrive,  but  sheep  do  not  do  well  in  the  islands.  The 
horses  number  about  215,826. 

The  forest  area  is  40,000  square  miles,  a  tract  as  large  as  the  entu^  state  of  Kentucky. 
In  addition,  there  are  20,000  square  miles  of  second  growth  timber.  The  annual  lumber 
exports  are  valued  at  about  $235,000.  Other  forest  products  include  nipa,  from  which 
alcohol  is  made,  rattan,  gum  copal,  used  for  varnish  making,  resin,  mangrove  bark,  dyes, 
wild  rubber,  tamboo,  and  various  fibers. 

Minerala: 

Mineral  resources  are  largely  undeveloped,  and  include  lode  and  placer  gold,  copper, 
iron,  coal,  oil,  sulphur,  asbestos,  manganese,  zinc,  lead,  gilsonite,  chronite,  and  natural  gas. 

Value  of  gold  production  during  four  years: 


1913. 
1915. 


$868,362 
1,316,764 


Total  value  of  mineral  production: 


1916. 


$2,832,130 


1916 
1917 

1917 


$1,505,877 
1.408.319 


$3,002,944 


Note:  ♦Not  separately  stated  prior  to  January  1,  1915. 


Manufacturing: 

Much  of  the  manufacturing  done  in  the  PhiHppines  comes  under  the  head  of  household 
industries,  such  as  embroidering,  hat  making,  basket  work,  etc.  A  complete  list  of  factories 
includes  cigar,  cigarette  and  cut  tobacco  factories,  sugar  mills,  copra-drjdng  plants,  oil  mills, 
saw  mills,  fish  traps  and  net  works,  tanneries,  distilleries,  shoe  and  slipper  factories,  a  spin- 
ning mill,  harness  and  saddle  works,  aerated  water  factories,  preserved  fruit  works,  carriage 
factories,  musical  instrument  works,  bed  factories,  ice  plants,  match  factories,  furniture 
factories,  rope  walks,  hat  and  umbrella  factories,  soap  factories,  brewing  plants,  a  weaving 


;3 

III 


652 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


PHILIPPINE  ISLANDS 


653 


mill,  a  fertilizer  factory,  a  soup  paste  and  sauce  factory,  an  ink  factory,  chocolate  works, 
biscuit  works,  tile  and  brick  kilns,  cured  meat  establishments,  drug  works,  button  factories, 
tinware  shops,  iron  works,  printing,  lithographing  and  bookbinding  plants,  dried  and 
smoked  fish  works,  sculpture  and  marble  cutting  works,  machine  shops,  sail-making  shops, 
foundries  and  shipyards.  There  are  now  eighteen  ship-building  plants  in  the  islands.  The 
number  of  sugar  niills  is  rapidly  increasing,  some  of  the  new  mills  having  a  capacity  of  from 
1,000  to  1,500  tons  of  cane  daily.  The  making  of  coconut  oil  is  an  important  industry. 
There  are  280  expellers  with  a  total  of  127  oil  presses. 


Factories  in  Manila,  with  number  of  laborers  and  value  of  production  (1913) : 


Factory 


Number 


Laborers 


Vaue  of 
Production 


Saw  mills 

Tanneries 

Distilleries 

Aerated  water  factories 

Tile  and  brick  factories 

Caramel  factories 

Box  factory 

Candy  factories 

Slipper  factories 

Chocolate  factories 

Carriage  factories 

Guitar  factories 

Soap  factories . 

Furniture  factories 

Bread,  biscuit  and  sweetmeat  factories. . . 

Dried  and  smoked  fish  industries 

Hat  factories 

Cigar,  cigarette  and  cut  tobacco  factories  ■ 

Shoe  factories 

Slipper  and  shoe  factories 

Musical  instruments'  string  factories .... 

Beer  factory 

Oil  factory 

Button  factory 

Sauce  and  vermicelli  factories 

Perfume  factories 

Coffee  factory 

Match  factory 

Soup-paste  factories 

Glass  factory 

Weaving  factory 

Basket  factories 

Rope  factory 

Candle  factories 

Ice  factories 

Ink  factory 

Harness  factory 

Shoe  and  hat  factory 

Iron  works 

Tin  shops 

Printing  and  lithographing 

Rice  mills 

Marble  and  cabinet  factories 

Saddleries 

Foundry  shops 

Machine  shops 

Sails  shops 

Ship  construction  shops 

Carriage  and  machine  shops 

Carpentry  shops 


Total, 


9 
10 
14 
12 
2 
10 
1 
7 
82 
18 
30 
9 
20 
28 
33 
29 
8 
42 
20 
14 
1 
1 
1 
1 
2 
2 
1 
1 
4 
1 
1 
22 
1 
3 
2 
1 
1 
1 
15 
24 
28 
2 
16 
6 
15 
14 
2 
1 
2 
1 


571 


312 
43 
193 
154 
97 
60 
8 
51 
530 
82 
210 
17 
77 
1,187 
566 
75 
437 
10,443 
130 
64 
1 
102 
37 
128 
8 
14 
2 
194 
26 
29 
277 
7 
31 
14 
24 
5 
6 
9 
75 
86 
576 
56 
60 
52 
137 
877 
14 
4 
58 
2 


17,678 


$689,905 
1,55,600 
2,084,496 
147,402 
50,700 
85,329 
600 
16,572 
253,952 
321,722 
43,609 
5,637 
198,439 
588,469 
483.969 
151,850 
572,728 
7,172,280 
306.110 
17,646 
202 
667,179 
233.763 
65,287 
5.303 
18,500 
3,210 
205,000 
14,805 
36.448 
175.000 
2.300 
120.000 
41,945 
92.631 
505 
4,809 
3.600 
50,468 
161.055 
163,128 
603.533 
32,833 
6.533 
123,461 
518,731 
10,468 
2,500 
45.000 
224 


$16,705,257 


Details  as  to  the  industries  of  the  Philippine  Islands: 


Class  of  Industry 


Number 


Capital 
Invested 


Wages 
Paid 


Value  of 
Production 


Aerated  water  factories 

Bakeries 

Brick  and  paving  stone  factories 

Button  factories . 

Candy  and  sweetmeat  factories . 

Carriage  works 

Chocolate  factories 

Cigar  factories 

Distilleries 

Foundries 

Furniture  factories 

Hat  factories 

Printing  and  lithographing 

Rice  mills 

Rope  factories 

Saw  mills 

Shoe  factories 

Slipper  factories 

Soap  factories 

Sugar  mills 

Tanneries 

Total 


21 

88 

7 

2 

34 

65 

20 

53 

27 

15 

39 

9 

15 

99 

2 

15 

62 

116 
35 

916 
18 


1,658 


$34,400 

127,362 

37,900 

28,000 

22,159 

97,674 

29.315 

2,131,223 

949,636 

58,585 

577.282 

189,050 

250,869 

562,291 

212,500 

502,764 

90,857 

50,922 

39,425 

4,906,763 

3,300 


10,902.277 


$15,471 
93,642 
12,638 
4,817 
17.760 
78,769 
17,889 

1.091,525 
44,616 
44.445 
178,055 
57.087 
79.732 
67.953 
15.845 
82,086 
45.674 
70,437 
18.403 

1.505.372 
22.141 


3,553,357 


$64, 188 
672,547 
37.099 
25.500 
161,659 
228,717 
197,422 

6,101.258 
595,730 
161.067 
719.074 
559.728 
282.097 

1.183.267 
147.500 
537,941 
209.700 
271,265 
362.671 

3.647.576 
101.715 


$16,167,721 


Railways,  Telegraphs,  Post  Offices: 

There  are  757  miles  of  railways  in  the  Islands.  Manila  has  an  up-to-date  street  railway 
system.  Length  of  telegraph  Unes,  4,867  miles.  Length  of  cable,  1,038  miles.  Number 
of  telegraph  offices,  290.     Number  of  post  offices,  590.    Wireless  stations,  10. 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures: 

The  unit  of  value  is  the  peso  which  is  maintained  at  a  par  value  of  exactly  S0.50  in 
United  States  currency.  The  coins  are  of  bronze,  nickel  and  silver,  and  the  denominations 
are  1  centavo,  5  centavos,  10  centavos,  20  centavos,  50  centavos  and  1  peso.  Sums  in  pesos 
are  indicated  by  a  capital  letter  P,  with  two  straight  lines  across  the  loop. 

The  paper  currency  consists  of  certificates  in  denominations  of  2,  5,  10,  20,  50,  100  and 
500  pesos. 

United  States  weights  and  measures  are  used,  and  in  addition,  the  picul  of  173.9 
pounds  is  used  in  dry  measure. 

Language:  English  and  Spanish  are  the  official  languages. 

Local  Advertising  Media: 

There  are  three  English  dailies  and  two  Spanish  dailies  of  importance.  The  principal 
publication  is  a  weekly  paper.    Publications  are  centered  almost  exclusively  in  Manila. 

Shipping  Routes: 

Barber  Line. 

American  &  Oriental  Line. 
American  &  Manchurian  Line. 
American- Asiatic  S.  S.  Co. 
Ocean  S.  S.  Co.,  Ltd. 
Nippon  Yusen  Kaiaha. 


654 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Cable  Rate:  ^,      „    ,       at      i?    ^^^A 

Via  San  Francisco  to  Luzon  to  Manila,  $1.12  per  word  from  New  \  ork  or  New  England 

states. 

Postal  Rate:  Domestic  postage  rates. 

MaD  Time:  Manila  via  San  Francisco,  thirty-four  days,  via  Victoria,  twenty-six  days. 

Parcel  Post:  As  in  the' United  States. 
Money  Orders:  As  in  the  United  States. 


SUPPLEMENTARY  TABLES 


FOREIGN  TRADE  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES 


Fiscal 

Total  Imports 

Fiscal 

Total  Imports 

Fiscal 

Total  Imports 

Fiscal 

Total  Imports 

Year 

and  Exports 

Year 

and  Exports 

Year 

and  Exports 

Year 

and  Exports 

1800 

$162,224,548 

1870. . . 

$828,730,176 

1887... 

$1,408,502,979 

1904 . . . 

$2,451,914,642 

1810 

152,157.970 

1871... 

963,043.862 

1888... 

1.419.911.621 

1905... 

2.636,074,737 

1820 

144,141,669 

1872... 

1.070.772,663 

1889... 

1.487,533,027 

1906... 

2.970,426,946 

1830 

134,391,691 

1873... 

1.164,616,132 

1890... 

1.647,139,093 

1907 . . . 

3,315,272,503 

1840 

221,927,638 

1874... 

1,153.689,382 

1891 . . . 

1.729,397,006 

1908... 

3,055,115,138 

1850 

316,885,252 

1875... 

1,046,448,147 

1892... 

1.857,680,610 

1909... 

2,974,931.328 

1855 

476,718,211 

1876... 

1,001.125,861 

1893 .  . . 

1.714,066,116 

1910... 

3.301.932,150 

1860 

687,192,176 

1877 . . . 

1,053.798,346 

1894... 

1.547,135,194 

1911... 

3,576,546,304 

1861 

506.864.375 

1878... 

1,131,917,298 

1895... 

1.539.508.130 

1912... 

3.857,587.343 

1862 

380,027,178 

1879... 

1,156,217.216 

1896 . . . 

1.662.331.612 

1913... 

4.278,892,383 

1863 

447,300,262 

1880... 

1,503.593,404 

1897 .  . . 

1.815.723,968 

1914... 

4,258.504,805 

1864 

475,285,291 

1881... 

1.545,041,974 

1898... 

1.847.531.984 

1915... 

4,442.759,085 

1865 

404,774,883 

1882... 

1.475,181,831 

1899... 

1.924,171,791 

1916... 

6,531,366,390 

1866 

783,671,588 

1883... 

1,547,020,316 

1900... 

2,244,424,266 

1917... 

8,949,403,579 

1867 

690.267,237 

1884... 

1,408,211,302 

1901... 

2,310.937,156 

1918... 

8,949,403,579 

1868 

639,389.339 

1885... 

1,319,717,084 

1902... 

2,285.040,349 

1919. . . 

10,320.960,839 

1869 

703,624,076 

1886... 

1,314,960,966 

1903 . . . 

2,445,860,916 

1919*.. 

11,826,556.919 

Note:  *Calendar  year. 


DOMESTIC  AND  FOREIGN  EXPORTS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES 


Fiscal 

Domestic 

Foreign 

Total 

Fiscal 

Domestic 

Foreign 

Total 

1800.... 

$31,840,903 

$39,130,877 

$70,971,780 

1888 .... 

$683,862,104 

$12,092,403 

$695,954,507 

1810.... 

42,366.675 

24,791,296 

66,757,970 

1889 .... 

730,282,609 

12,118,766 

742.401,375 

1820. . . . 

51,683.640 

18,008,029 

69,691,669 

1890.... 

845,293,828 

12,534,856 

857,828,684 

1830. . . . 

58.524.878 

13,145,857 

71,670,735 

1891 .... 

872,270,288 

12,210,527 

884,480.810 

1840.,.. 

111.660,561 

12,008.371 

123,668,932 

1892.... 

1.015,732,011 

14.546,137 

1,030.278,148 

1850. . . . 

134,900,233 

9,475,493 

144.375.726 

1893.... 

831,030,785 

16,634,409 

847.665,194 

I860.... 

316,242,423 

17,333.634 

333,576,057 

1894 

869,204,937 

22,935,635 

892,140,572 

1861.... 

204,899,616 

14,654,217 

219,553,833 

1895 .... 

793,392,599 

14,145,566 

807,538.165 

1862.... 

179,644,024 

11,026,477 

190,670,501 

1896 . . . . 

863,200.487 

19,406,451 

882.606,938 

1863.... 

186,003.912 

17.960.535 

203.964,447 

1897 . . . . 

1.032,007,603 

18.985,953 

1,050.993.556 

1864. . . . 

143,504.027 

15,333,961 

158.837,988 

1898.... 

1.210.291.913 

21,190.417 

1.231.482,330 

1865. . . . 

136,940,248 

29,089.055 

166.029,303 

1889 . . . . 

1,203,931,222 

23.092.080 

1.227.023.302 

1866.... 

337,518,102 

11,341,420 

348,859,522 

1900 

1,370,763,571 

23,719*511 

1.394,483,082 

1867.... 

279,786,809 

14,719,332 

294.506.141 

1901.... 

1.460,462,806 

27,302,185 

1.487.764,991 

1868.... 

269,389,900 

12,562.999 

281,952,899 

1902 

1,355,481,861 

26,237,540 

1.381.719.401 

1869.... 

275,166,697 

10,951.000 

286,117,697 

1903 

1,392,231,302 

27,910,377 

1.420,141.679 

1870.... 

376,616,473 

16,1.55,295 

392,771,768 

1904 . . .  . 

1,435,179,017 

25.648,254 

1,460,827.271 

1871.... 

428,398,908 

14.421,270 

442,820,178 

1905 .... 

1,491,744,641 

26,817,025 

1,518.561.666 

1872.... 

428,487.131 

15.690,455 

444,177,586 

1906 .... 

1,717,953,382 

25,911,118 

1.743.864.500 

1873.... 

505,033.439 

17.446,483 

522,479.922 

1907.... 

1.853.718.034 

27,133,044 

1,880,851,078 

1874.... 

569.433,421 

16,849,619 

586,283,040 

1908.... 

1,834,786,357 

25,986,989 

1,860.773.346 

1875. . .  . 

499.284,100 

14.158,611 

513.442,711 

1909... 

1.638.355,593 

24,655,511 

1,663.011.104 

1876. . . . 

525,582.247 

14,802,424 

540.384,671 

1910 

1,710,083,998 

34,900,722 

1.744,984,720 

1877.... 

589.670.224 

12,804.996 

602,475,220 

1911.... 

2,013,549,025 

35,771,174 

2,049,320,199 

1878.... 

680.709.268 

14,156,498 

694,865,766 

1912.... 

2,170,319,828 

34,002,581 

2.204.322,409 

1879.... 

698,340.790 

12,098.651 

710,439,441 

1913.... 

2,428,506,358 

37,377,791 

2.465.884.149 

1880.... 

823.946,353 

11,692,305 

835,638,658 

1914.... 

2,329,684,025 

34,895,123 

2,364.579,148 

1881.... 

883,925,947 

18,451,399 

902,377,346 

1915.... 

2,716,178,466 

52.410,875 

2,768.589,340 

1882.... 

733,239,732 

17,302.525 

750.542.257 

1916... 

4.272.177.579 

61,305,306 

4.333.482.885 

1883.... 

804,223.632 

19,615,770 

823.839.402 

1917.... 

6,227,164,050 

62,884,344 

6,290.048,394 

1884.... 

754,964.852 

15,548,757 

740.513,609 

1918. ... 

5,838,652,057 

81,059,314 

5,919,711,371 

1885.... 

726,682,946 

15,506,809 

742,189.755 

1919... 

7,074,011.529 

151,072,728 

7.225,084,257 

1886.... 

665.964,529 

13,560,301 

679,524.830 

1919* . . . 

7,760,781.182 

171,369,410 

7,922.150,592 

1887.... 

703.022,923 

13,160.288 

716,183.211 

Note:  •Calendar  year. 

Figures  for  export  include  gold  and  silver  prior  to  1830. 

Total  exports  per  capita  of  population— (1800),  $13.37;  (1810),  $9.22;  (1820),  $7.22;  (1830),  $5.57;  (1840), 
$7.25;  (1850),  $6.23;  (1860).  $10.61;  (1870),  $9.77;  (1880),  $16.43;  (1890),  $13.43;  (1900),  $17.76;  (1910),  $18.28; 
(1916),  $41.33;  (1917),  $54.82. 

655 


656 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 

EXPORTS  FROM  THE  UNITED  STATES  BY  PRINCIPAL  CLASSES 


SUPPLEMENTARY  TABLES 


657 


pi 


FiscAi.  Yeak 


Crude  Mate- 
rials For  Use 
in  Manu- 
facturing 


F(X)d8tuffs  in 

Crude  Con- 

dit'n  &  Food 

Animals 


Foodstuffs 
Partly  or 
Wholly  Man- 
ufactured 


Manufactures 
For  Further 
Use  in  Manu- 
facturing 


Manufactures 

Ready  For 
Consumption 


Miscel- 
laneous 


1830 

1840 

1850 

1855 

1860 

1861 

1862 

1863 

1864 

1865 

1866 

1867 

1868 

1869 

1870 

1871 

1S72 

1873 

1874 

1875...  . 

1876.... 

1877.... 

1878.... 

1879 


1820  ..        $31,246,382 

^**^" '    3M82.2Ge 

7.'>,48S,421 
83,984,707 
108,476.851 
210,009,645^ 
57,014,26£ 
17.814,65^ 
27,893,453 
2-^,282,24? 
33,852,720 
227,62.=^,800 
166,120,000 
132,450,676 
144,891,886 
213.439,9911 
220,995,559 
194,458,406 
231,904,077 
22^,149,732 
206,271,795 
202,247,842 
200,821,765 
213,128,092 
198,687,747 

isSO"."'.'.'.'.'.  ^.-I   2;i8,787,934 
***  '   278,918,722 

233.294,072 
288,841,684 
239,510.224 
248,611.181 
254.409,407 
250.236.436 
271.275.629 
286,235.227 
304,566.922 
346.848.321 


I 


1«94 

1895. 

1896. 

1897. 

1898. 

1899. 

1900. 

1901. 

1902. 

1903. 

1904. 

1905. 

1906. 

1907. 

1908. 

1909 

1910 

1911 

1912 

1913 

1914 

1915 

1916 

1917 

1918 


1881 

1882. 

1883. 

1884, 

1885. 

1886 

1887, 

1888 

1889 

1890 

1I92"  ■■■.■.  ■.■■...    315;096,548 

{893 247,289,240 

^*^'* '   276,068,989 

263,982,189 

251,817,571 

296,834,858 

286,311,334 

277,723.374 

325,244,296 

397,417,247 

373,307,140 

408,442,137 

461,424,464 

472,114,493 

500,536,700 

593,145,135 

556.681.462 

520,907,4361 

565,934.957' 

713.018.206 

723,008,839 

731,758,513 

792,716,109 

510,455,540 

53.5,952,043 

731.990.339 

897,324,082 


IQiQ ....      1,215,960,910 

{Qjgi;::;: 1.610.142,683 


$2,474,8221       % 
2,724,181 
4.564,532 
7,535,764 
10,919,803 
12,166,447 
48,795,86: 
55,893,100 
45,166,00^ 
24,519,10: 
13,974,57C 
10.819,200 
20,600,360 
34,.57S,301 
2.^,428.831 
41.852.630 
48.601,080 
59,356.592 
69,853,173 
119,143.282 
79,077,679 
94,181,630 
90,636,898 
154.809.095 
188.526,959 
266,108,950 
241.641.847 
1.55.008,497 
163,190.443 
130,395,872 
123.326.807 
100.799.092 
125.453.686 
86.368,40{' 
98.847,45c 
132.073.183 
106,155,721 
262.45\84f 
153,277,859 
133,196,928 
99,144,413 
128.550,66i- 
181.420.814 
305.108.915 
232,903,060 
225,906,246 
245,836,198 
184,780,389 
185,308.004 
135.747.224 
118,185.09^ 
177,216.467 
167.348,227 
189.051.824 
135.093,409 
109,828.320 
103.401, .5.5:^ 
99,899,270 
181,907,266 
137,495,121 
.500.993,179 
380.638.102 
531.866.009 
374,978,210 
719,715.994 
678,470.920 


10,085,366 
9,556,992 
1.5.93r.,l08 
20,017,162 
33,009,127 
38,624,949 
.53,736,172 
70,249,524 
00,047,610 
54,909,077 
47,981,472 
40.684,464 
34,058.150 
42,190,718 
43,679,064 
50,919,666 
66,802,589 
84.357,982 
100.8.57.593 
114.03S,005 
110,292,780 
121.615..589 
150,101.362 
170,277,023 
174,230.618 
193,352,723 
220..3S0.821 
178.002.738 
186,392.822 
194.703.245 
201.800.801 
162,689,021 
175.784.781 
169.872.314 
174..504.227 
224.750..580 
220,4  4S,303 
250.4:i8..545 
247.075,061 
249,846,142 
219.090,299 
219.413,574 
235.051.930 
284.S79.827 
304,754.730 
319,696.334 
337.152,992 
328,831.350 
323.244.097 
30S.S30.077 
2S3.0t)5.0(»8 
347.385.403 
345.70t>.609 
331.901.663 
302.555.341 
2.59.2.59.654 
282.010,883 
318,838,493 
321,204,373 
293.218.336 
454..575.404 
.599,0.59.151 
737.795,334 
1.1.53.702.460 
1,785. 179..500 
1,962,720.033 


$4,867,379 
4.117.606 
4,841,101 
6,060,900 
11,304,094 
12,641,625 
8,400,921 
8,126,464 
11,393,244 
9,861,090 
10,650.288 
12,357,000 
15,065,010 
17,017,016 
13,887,562 
13.711,709 
13,858,056 
21,087,265 
24,976,655 
26,020,258 
27,4.58,054 
31,459,259 
31,513,550 
28.085,480 
30,109,002 
20,044.159 
32.820.713 
37,104,800 
37,996,198 
37,800.437 
39,437,313 
34.037,715 
30,732,490 
40,176,023 
42,712,932 
46,454,992 
47.961.372 
.50.284,241 
49.070,703 
67,14.5.189 
62.253.782 
76,219.728 
98,284,243 
101,990,563 
117,730,200 
153.275,000 
148.350.529 
132.206,324 
140,666,864 
174,876,659 
209,926,174 
220.210.513 
2.59.442.028 
201,105,883 
231,144,267 
267,765,916 
309,151,989 
348.149,524 
408,806,949 
374.225.210 
355.802.329 
657.923.305 
1.191.262.523 
1,201.43S,423 
952.775.871 
922,407,003 


$2,925,165 
5.461,589 
10.584,079 
17,162.206 
28,832.786 
35.811.383 
35,503,955 
26,918,451 
33,447.115 
25,344,570 
30,120,816 
39,231.280 
43.505.080 
42,935,166 
47,139,144 
56,329,137 
75.651,340 
65.306.501 
76,059,102 
81,124.581 
74,503,493 
74,450,509 
112,673.046 
1 10.440.970 
103.254.499 
92.774.139 
102,458.449 
124,835,385 
122,448.549 
118,172.882 
110,818,865 
111.627.312 
112,417.839 
113.892.0S9 
123.183.!- 83 
1.32.527.050 
140.349.741 
132.792,441 
129,938,284 
135,659,274 
143,609,893 
181,789.157 
212,959.122 
222.537.358 
262.656..583 
331,746.496 
317.745.673 
321,946.630 
.327.468.629 
348.734.801 
402.049.798 
459,812.6.55 
480.681,423 
489.469,958 
440.271.747 
499,215.329 
598,367.852 
672,268,163 
776.297,360 
724,908,000 
807,465,511 
1,998,298,249 
2,942.577.415 
2.185.420.221 
2..384.801.297 
2.564,089.165 


$84,526 
182.244 
246,320 
139,494 
208.474 
988,371 
1,448,434 
641.826 
2,056,482 
587,940 
360,376 
800.358 
429,209 
217,423 
140,210 
363,341 
2,530,284 
3,920,385 
1,382,839 
950.963 
1,680.299 
1,627,418 
3,923.597 
3,368,007 
3.471.767 
3.878.448 
1.699.395 
4,934,240 
5,347,936 
4.3S2.192 
2.687.919 
2.401,382 
2.397,691 
2,277,041 
4,798,885 
4,915.101 
4,506.825 
4.664,390 
4,379,638 
7.288,415 
5.312,023 
5,409,788 
7,450,636 
9.403.916 
8,163.203 
14,894,539 
13,960,167 
14,404,028 
7,100,911 
5,.559,792 
0.403,980 
6,791.584 
7.394,612 
6,515,567 
7.783.393 
8,079.822 
7,592,542 
8,155,539 
8,531.897 
7,122.249 
80.826,502 
100,306,729 
91.672.430 
25,787,6.55 
15.577.897 
12,950,778 


UNITED    STATES   EXPORTS 
PERCENTAGE   RELATION 


FOODSTUFFS 

RAW  MATERIALS 

MANUFACTURED 

GOODS 


MANUFACTURED  GOODS 

TO 

TOTAL  EXPORTS 


M 


Year 


Food- 

stufTs, 

Percent 


1900.... 

1901.... 

1002.... 

1903... 

1904.... 

1905.... 

1906..,. 

1907 

1908... 

1909... 

1910. : . 

1911  .. 

1912... 

1913... 

1914... 

1915... 

1916.., 

1917.., 

1918.. 

1919.. 

1919A 


Note:  *Calendar  year. 


I 


A<^endar  Year 


M 


!1 


i 


658 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN   MARKETS 


SUPPLEMENTARY  TABLES 


659 


EXPORTS  FROM  THE  UNITED  STATES  BY  GRAND  DIVISIONS 


Fiscal  Year 


I 

I 


I 


1800... 

1810... 

1820. . 

1830. . 

1840. . 

1850.. 

1855.. 

I860.. 

1861.. 

1862.. 

1863.. 

1864.. 

1865.. 

1866. . 

1867.. 

1868.. 

1869. . 

1870. . 

1871.. 

1872.. 

1873.. 

1874. . 

1875.. 

1876.. 

1877.. 

1878.. 

1879.. 

1880.. 

1881.. 

1882.. 

1883.. 

1884.. 

1885.. 

1886.. 

1887.. 

1888.. 

1889.. 

1890.. 

1891 . . 

1892.. 

1893.. 

1894.. 

1895.. 

1896.. 

1897.. 

1898.. 

1899.. 

1900.. 

1901.. 

1902.. 

1903.. 

1904.. 

1905.. 

1906.. 

1907.. 

1908.. 

1909.. 

1910.. 

1911.. 

1912. . 

1913.. 

1914.. 

1915.. 

1916.. 

1917.. 

1918. . 

1919.. 

1919*. 


Exports  to 


Europe 


North 
America 


$41,348,088 
46,853,851 
48,116,538 
48,175.248 
98,930,684 
113,862,253 
200,761,143 
310.761,818 
170,339,184 
157,741.886 
227,456.975 
222.S09.420 
201,758,310 
458.310.344 
354,932.412 
365,392.235 
328,059.182 
420,184,014 
479,738,693 
450,167,843 
539.061.323 
572.511,479 
533,5-44,921 
538,322,835 
557.244,615 
597,774.959 
694.189,272 
719,433,788 
766.113,798 
600,100.498 
659,867.396 
583,795.462 
599.240,748 
541.373,039 
575.300.326 
549.0'.)2,503 
578,902.520 
683,736.397 
704,798,047 
850,623,150 
661,976,910 
700,870,822 
627,927,692 
673.043.753 
813.3S5.644 
973.806.245 
936,602.093 
1,040,167,763 
1,136.504,605 
1.008.033,981 
1.029.2.56,657 
1,057,930,131 
1,020,972,641 
1,200,166,036 
1,298,452,380 
1,283,600.155 
1,146,755.321 
1,135,914.551 
1,308,275.778 
1,341,732,789 
1.479,074,761 
1,486,498,729 
1,971,434,687 
2,999,305,097 
4,324,512,661 
5,732.174,352 
4,634,816,841 
5.185,980,350 


Note:  *Calend»r  year. 


South 
America 


Asia 


Oceania 


$27,208,618 

16,066,899 

16,810.597 

18,886,434 

23,737,078 

24,722,610 

50,816,532 

53,325,937 

49.915,433 

48,011,793 

73,202.910 

79.554,810 

94,837,990 

67,331,613 

61.890,552 

68,289,670 

05,848,784 

68,962.006 

77.348.184 

73.230.648 

81.629,759 

94.942,138 

86,166,454 

79,926,699 

83.058,656 

78,762,184 

67,598,525 

69,437,783 

83,156.899 

85,793.255 

99,428,476 

92,217,190 

76,764,748 

71,980,400 

73,425,948 

79,995,497 

89,550,476 

94,100,410 

96,549,129 

105,566,184 

119,788.889 

119,693,212 

108,575,594 

116,567,496 

124,958,461 

139,627,841 

157,931,707 

187,594,625 

196,534,460 

203,971,080 

215,482.769 

234.909,959 

260.570.235 

308,382,982 

349,840,641 

324.674.719 

309.476.694 

385.520.069 

457,059,179 

516,837,597 

617,413,013 

528,644.962 

477,075.727 

733,024,674 

1,163.75S.100 

1.236.359.013 

1,291,932,342 

1,295,812,471 


$1,611,738 

1,133,689 

4.587..391 

5,969,517 

9,076,724 

13.455,417 

16,742,100 

14,348,897 

11,776,079 

16.18S,019 

19,359,562 

21,606,908 

17,924,295 

21.770,346 

20,652.085 

19,531,311 

21,651,459 

19,599,581 

27,006,890 

29,661,967 

26.747,020 

24.096.950 

22.862,746 

22,577,154 

24,690,478 

23,437.376 

23.190.220 

25.304.846 

27.224.850 

29,570,659 

31,226,934 

27,734,857 

26,131,991 

30,744.497 

29.579,227 

35,021,017 

38.752.648 

33,708,290 

33,147.614 

32,639,077 

33,212,310 

33,525,935 

36,297,671 

33,768,646 

33,821,701 

35,659,902 

38.945,763 

44.400,195 

38,043,617 

41.137,872 

50,755,027 

56,894,131 

75,1.59.781 

82,157,174 

83.583,874 

76,561.680 

93.246,820 

108.894,894 

132.310,451 

146,147,993 

124.539,909 

99,323.957 

180.175.374 

2.59.480.371 

314.558.794 

400.901, tiOl 

442,127.329 


$1,177,846 

556,881 

3.289.000 

1.845.224 

2,286.290 

3.051.720 

3,516,195 

11,067,921 

8.335,-568 

6,697,723 

7,742,987 

9,772,558 

9,529,596 

11,799.410 

11,449,618 

13,844,105 

16,947,124 

10.972.064 

7.781.138 

13.965,166 

18.727.094 

15,087.695 

13,972,-305 

15.528.567 

27,449,945 

28,998,343 

11,752,969 

11,645,703 

12,917,348 

18.393.671 

16,348.742 

16,913,978 

20,739,972 

21,980,999 

19,322,172 

18,929.152 

18.439.626 

19.696,820 

25,553,308 

19,590,350 

16,222,354 

20,872,761 

17,325,057 

25,630,629 

39.274,905 

44,707,791 

48,360,161 

64,913,807 

49,390,712 

63,944,077 

58,359,016 

60,151,347 

128.504,610 

105,451,610 

92,703,664 

101,784.932 

71,792,187 

60,861,813 

85,422,428 

117,461,635 

115,056,620 

113,425,616 

114,470,493 

278,610,881 

380.249,708 

447,429,267 

603,924,548 

703.667,109 


$14,112 

227,560 

8.906 

93.668 

454,814 

208,129 

4,673,429 

5.373,497 

4.07.-..677 

3.810.725 

4,633,702 

6,444,017 

7,552,117 

7,675,428 

6,229,659 

5,992,691 

7,027,415 

4.334,991 

3,307.841 

3,613,780 

4.677.457 

4.493,916 

4,276,979 

4,771,212 

7,345,929 

8,607.644 

9,900,550 

6,846,698 

9,506,577 

12.460.664 

13.571,721 

13.105.604 

13,605.468 

14,777.407 

13.867,552 

14,746,065 

18,239,403 

16,460,269 

18,631,801 

15,572,767 

11,199,477 

11,914,182 

13,109,231 

17,197.229 

22.6.52,773 

22,003,022 

29,875,015 

43.391,275 

35,392,401 

34,258,041 

37,468.512 

32,850,681 

33,079.446 

35,141,751 

41,186,193 

46,789.201 

41,389,788 

50.890,087 

66,060,813 

71,936.513 

79,102,845 

83,568.417 

77,764,725 

98,775,828 

109,314,490 

134,891,888 

208.351,493 

195,894,170 


Africa 


$1,110,374 

1.407,828 

305,968 

233,601 

707,563 

977,284 

1.934.130 

3,227.760 

2,330,154 

1.900.779 

2,783,989 

2,351.772 

2,412,202 

2,385,304 

2,916,233 

2.732.053 

1,714,213 

3,414,768 

3.203,113 

4,005.140 

3.524.474 

3.037.144 

3.470.782 

4.814.382 

4,271,788 

4,770,729 

4,758,701 

5.084,466 

5.377.878 

6,569,319 

5,052,480 

3,254,441 

4,103,962 

3,280,994 

3.522,716 

3.612,063 

4,248,333 

5,082,140 

5,250,235 

5.778,083 

5,838,487 

5,577,285 

7.074.656 

13,870,760 

16,953,127 

17,515,730 

18,594.424 

19.469,840 

25.542,618 

33,468,605 

38.436,853 

24.230.126 

18.540.603 

19,562.340 

16.511,026 

20,340,565 

17,035,434 

18,.551,380 

23,607,107 

24,043,424 

29.088,917 

27,901,515 

28,519.751 

43,591.031 

52,733,064 

54,298,757 

85,157,432 

59,452,756 


EXPORTS  FROM  THE  UNITED  STATES  BY  SEA  AND  LAND 


Fiscal  Ykar 


By  Sea 


In  American 

Vessels 


In  Foreign 
Vessels 


Total 


Pet.  in 

American 

Vessels 


By  Land 
Vehicles 


Total  by  Land 
and  Sea 


1855 

1860 

1861 

1862 

1863 

1864 

1865 

1866 

1867 

1868 

1869 

1870 

1871 

1872 

1873 

1874 

1875 

1876 

1877 

1878 

1879 

1880 

1881 

1882 

1883 

1884 

1885 

1886 

1887 

1888 

1889 

1890 

1891 

1892 

1893 

1894 

1895 

1896 

1897 

1898 

1899 

1900 

1901 

1902 

1903 

1904 

1905 

1906 

1907 

1908 

1909 

1910 

1911 

1912 

1913 

1914 

1915 

1916 

1917 

1918 

1919 


$203,250,562 

279,082,902 

179,972,733 

125,421,318 

132,127,891 

102.849.409 

93,017,756 

213,671,466 

180.625,368 

175,016,348 

1.53,154,748 

199,732,324 

190,378,462 

168,044,799 

171,566.758 

174.424.216 

156.385.066 

167.686.467 

164,826,214 

166,551,624 

128,425,339 

109,029,209 

116,955,324 

96,962,919 

104,418.210 

98,652,828 

82,001,691 

78,406,686 

72.991,253 

67.332,175 

83,022,198 

77,502,138 

78.968,047 

81,033,844 

70,670.073 

73,707.023 

62,277,.581 

70,392.813 

79.941,823 

67,792,1.50 

78,562,088 

90,779,2.52 

84,343,122 

83,631.985 

91.028,200 

97.482,054 

129,9.58,375 

153,8.59,076 

141,780,310 

120,.593,589 

108,129,142 

113,736,171 

133,. 56.5,  .5.52 

15.5,601,885 

187.938,2.54 

169,436,090 

290,597,071 

499,035.673 

794,604.353 

961,698,576 

1,.583.519,2,35 

2,596,030.636 


$71,906,284 

121,039,394 

69,372,180 

104,517,667 

199,880,691 

237,442,730 

262,839,588 

351.754,928 

280,708,368 

301,886,491 

285,979,781 

329,786,978 

392,801,932 

393,929,579 

494,915,886 

533.885.971 

501,838,949 

492,215,487 

530,354,703 

569,583,564 

600,769,633 

720,770,521 

777,162,714 

641,460,967 

694,331,348 

61.5,287,007 

636,004,765 

581,973,477 

621,802,292 

606,474,964 

6.30,942,660 

747,376,644 

773,.569,324 

916.023.675 

7.33,132.174 

769,212.122 

695,357,830 

751,083,000 

905,969,428 

1,090,406,476 

1,004.590,307 

1,193,220,089 

1,291,520,938 

1.174,263,079 

1,190,262,178 

1,210,608,328 

1,225,063,232 

1,396,270,084 

1,-520,598,231 

1,549,628,630 

1,372,692,807 

1,402..524,390 

1,640,925,993 

1,728,790,688 

1,887,460,562 

1,878,323,769 

2,175,758,992 

3,327,030,418 

4,637,151,133 

4,131.830,.591 

4,625,529,355 

4,495.453.419 


$275,156,846 

400,122,296 

249,344,913 

229,938,985 

332,008.582 

.340,2^)2,139 

355,857,344 

565.426,394 

461.333.736 

476,902,839 

4.39,134.529 

529,519,302 

583,180,394 

561,974,378 

666,482,644 

708,310,187 

658,224.015 

659,901,954 

695,180,917 

736.135,188 

729,194,972 

829,799,730 

894,118,038 

738.423,886 

798,749,558 

713,939,835 

718,006,456 

660,380,163 

694,793,545 

673,807,139 

713,964,858 

824,878,782 

8.52,.557,371 

997.057,519 

803,802,247 

842,919,145 

757,635,411 

821,475,813 

985,911,251 

1,158,198,626 

1.143,152,395 

1.283.999,941 

1.375,864,060 

1,257,895,064 

1,281,290,378 

1,308,090,382 

1,355,021,607 

1,550.129,160 

1,662,378,541 

1,670,222.219 

1,480,821,949 

1,51 6, 260,  .561 

1,774,491,485 

1,880,392,573 

2,075,398,816 

2,047,759.859 

2.466.356.063 

3,826,066,091 

5,431,755,486 

5,101,891.343 

6,209,048,590 

7.091.484.055 


73.8 

70.0 

72.1 

54.6 

39.8 

30.2 

26.1 

37.8 

39.2 

36.7 

34.9 

37.7 

32.7 

30.0 

25.7 

24.6 

23.8 

25.4 

23.7 

22.7 

17.6 

13.1 

13.1 

13.1 

13.1 

13.8 

11.4 

11.9 

10.5 

10.0 

11.6 

9.4 

9.3 

8.1 

8.8 

8.7 

8.2 

8.5 

8.1 

5.9 

6.9 

7.1 

6.1 

6.6 

7.1 

7.5 

9.6 

9. 

8. 

7, 

7. 

7. 


.9 
.5 
.2 
.3 
.5 


7.5 

8.1 

9.1 

8.3 

11.8 

13.0 

14.6 

23.4 

34.2 

36.61 


$7,798,156 

10,015,089 

10,799,430 

8,509,205 

7,304,376 

6,-324,487 

6.767,170 

7,511,365 

7,439,862 

5,838,928 

8,259.308 

12,118,371 

25,089,844 

26,573,774 

24,183,299 

19,144.667 

21.389,666 

22.147.368 

28.436,517 

32,949.902 

31,923,439 

33,220,629 

43,862,947 

49,221,427 

49.902,754 

61,131,125 

65,082,305 

73,283,704 

83.870,907 

110,483,141 

111,900,931 

112,824,337 

138,851,301 

152,736,889 

163,540.059 

193.735,340 

218,472,537 

190,551,127 

182,189,155 

228,724,159 

274,828,714 

323,929,836 

390,485,334 

316,819,289 

302,233,277 

507,416,794 

795,40S,.564 

745,122.890 

864,962,939 

830,666,539 


$275,156,846 

400,122,296 

249,344,913 

229,938.985 

332,008.582 

340,292,139 

35-5,857,344 

565,426,394 

461,333,736 

476.902,839 

439.134,529 

529,519.302 

590.978.550 

571,989.467 

677,282,074 

716,819,392 

665,528,391 

666.226.441 

701,948,087 

743,646,553 

736,634.834 

835.638.658 

902.377.346 

750,542.257 

823,839,402 

740,513,609 

742,189,755 

679,524.830 

716,183,211 

695,954.507 

742,401,375 

857,828,684 

884.480.810 

1,030.278,148 

847,665,194 

892,140,572 

807,538,165 

882,606,938 

1,050,993,556 

1,231,482,330 

1,227,023.302 

1,394.483,082 

1,487,764.991 

1,381,719.401 

1.420,141,679 

1.460.827.271 

1.518.561,666 

1.743,864.500 

1,880.851,078 

1.860,773,346 

1,663,011,104 

1,744.984,720 

2,049,320,199 

2,204,322.409 

2,465.884,150 

2,364,579,148 

2,768.589.340 

4.333.482.885 

6.227,164.050 

5.838.652.057 

7.074.011.529 

7,922,150,592 


Note:  ♦Calendar  year. 


k 


660 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


SUMMARY  OF  FOREIGN  COMMERCE  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  FOR  THREE 

(Calendar  Years) 


Groups 


1917 


1918 


1919 


MERCHANDISE 

Imports 

Free  of  duty:  , 

Crude  materials  for  use  xn  manufac- 


turing  •  •. , 

Foodstuffs  in  exude  condition,  and 
food  animals •  •  • •  • 

Foodstuffs  partly  or  wholly  manufac- 
tured   ; ; 

Manufactures  for  further  use  in  manu- 
facturing  .•  •  •  • 

Manufactures  ready  for  consumption  . 

Miacellaneous 


Total  free  of  duty . 


Dutiable:  ,    ,  , 

Crude  materials  for  use  m  manufac- 


1,156.898.499 

316,965.468 

59,254.678 

422.021,244 

168.269,767 

12.142.774 


tunng • ■•. • , 

Foodstuffs  m  crude  condition,  and 
food  animals •  •• 

Foodstuffs  partly  or  wholly  manufac- 
tured   ■  •  •  • ; 

Manufactures  for  further  use  in  manu- 
facturing  •  ■  ••  • 

Manufactures  ready  for  consumption  . 

Miscellaneous 


Total  dutiable . 


Free  and  dutiable: 

Crude  materials  for  use  in  manufac- 


2,135,552,430 

111,470,644 

68,759,261 

292,298,183 

114,641,807 

224,178,372 

5,567,258 


Perct 
54.18 

14.84 

2.77 

19.76 
7.88 
.57 


1,085,289,751 

283,535.111 

91.723,820 

561.447.910 

200,809,216 

7,547.093 


816.915,525 


1,268,369,143 


Foodstuffs   in    crude    condition,    and     .^--o, -oq 

food  animals ••    |    385,724.729 

Foodstuffs  partly  or  wholly  manufao- 


100.00 

13.61 

8.42 

35.78 

14.07 

27.44 

.68 


tured 

Manufactures  for  further  use  in  manu- 
facturing  ••:••• 

Manufactures  ready  for  consumption . 

Miscellaneous 


Total  imports  of  merchandise. 
P«r  eent  free 


Duties  collected  from  customs •  •  •  ■  , 

Average  ad  valorem  rate  of  duty,  based 

on  imports  for  consumption  ■■•■•■. 
Remaining  in  warehouse  at  the  end  of 

the  month ■ 


351,552.861 

536.663,051 

392.448,139 

17,710.032 


2,952,467,955 
206,926,754 


Exports 

Domestic:  . 

Crude  materials  for  use  in  manufac- 


Foodstuffs   in    crude    condition,    and 
food  animals •  •  • 

Foodstuffs  partly  or  wholly  manufac 
tured .,..., 

Manfactures  for  fiuther  use  in  manu 
facturing •  •  •  • 

Manufactures  ready  for  consumption 

Miscellaneous 


100.00 

42.95 

13.06 

11.91 

18.19 

13.29 

.60 


2,230.352,901 

134.995.332 

62.117.566 

305.646.309 

88,136,779 

204,098,939 

5,864.884 


Perct. 

48.68 

12.70 

4.10 

25.16 
9.00 
.36 


1,489,884.564 

480,843.407 

69,407,441 

400,924.200 

240,157,337 

17,986.612 


100.00 
72.32 


7.09 


800.859,809 

1.220.285.083 

345,652.677 

397,370.129 

649,584,689 

404,908.155 

13,411,977 


100.00 

16.87 

7.75 

38.16 

11.01 

25.48 

.73 


3,031.212.710 


172.710,642 


100.00 

40.26 

11.40 

13.11 

21.43 

13.36 

.44 


2,699,203,561 

184,370,530 

64,444,366 

486,283,814 

209,399,673 

252,175,721 

8.528,662 


Per  ct. 
65.20 

17.81 

2.57 

14.85 

8.90 

.67 


100.00 

15.30 

6.35 

40.34 

17.38 

20.92 

.71 


100.00 
73.58 


1.205.202,760 

1,674,255.094 

545.287.773 

555.691.255 

610.323.873 

492,333.058 

26.515.274 


3.904,406,327 


100.00 

42.89 

13.97 

14.23 

15.63 

12.60 

.68 


Total  domestic . . . 

Foreign 

Total  exports. . . . 
Excess  of  exports. 


780,713.598 

508.762,531 

806.940,680 

1,315,242.260 

2,705.845,019 

52,113,137 


12.65 

8.25 

13.08 

21.32 

43.86 

.84 


6,169,617,225 

63,895,372 

6,233,512,597 

3,281.044.642 


100.00 


953.182,193 

547,435,357 

1,405,819.955 

1,053.270,139 

2.069.242.295 

18.924.498 


5.86 


249,774,758 


15.76 
9.05 


6.047.874.437 
101.213.108 
6.149.087,545 
8,117,874,8351 


1,610,142,683 
678,470,920 


100.00 
69.14 


6.62 


23.24  1,962,720,033 


17.42 

34.22 

.31 


100.00 


922,407,603 

2,564,089,165 

12.950.778 


20.78 

8.76 

25.32 

11.90 

33.08 

.17 


7.750,781,182 

171,369.410 

7,922,150,592 

1 4.017.744,265 


100.00 


SUPPLEMENTARY  TABLES 


661 


Table  Continued: 


Groups 


1917 


1918 


1919 


WATER-BORNE  COMMERCE 
Imports 


In  American  vessels . 
In  foreign  vessels. . . 


Total  (except  in  land  vehicles) 
Exports 


In  American  vessels . 
In  foreign  vessels. . . 


Total  (except  in  land  vehicles) . 

GOLD  AND  SILVER 
Gold 


732,942,592 
1,857.390.376 


2.590.332,968 


946,074.595 
4,457.244.615 


5,403,319,210 


Imports. 
Exports . 


Perct. 

28.30 
71.70 


100.00 


17.51 
82.49 


717,101.733 
1,860,348,125 


100.00 


Imports. 
Exports. 


Silver 


TONNAGE  OF  \*ESSELS 
Entered: 

American 

Foreign 


Total  entered. 

Cleared: 

American 

Foreign 

Total  cleared . 


552,454.374 
371,883,884 


53,340,477 
84.130,876 


Net  tons. 
19,896,521 
28,996.843 


2,577.449,858 


985.811.538 
4,240.087.409 


Perct 
27.82 
72.18 


5,225,898,947 


40.70 
59.30 


48,893,364 


19,991,856 
29,605,586 
49.597.442 


100.00 


40.31 

59.69 

100.00 


62,042.748 
41,069,818 


71,375.699 
252,846,464 


Net  tons. 
18,459,610 
25,452,026 


100.00 


18.86 
81.14 


100.00 


1,228,044,599 
2,185.879.437 


Perct. 
35.97 
64.03 


3,413,924,036 


2,596,030.636 
4,495,453,419 


7,091,484,055 


43,911,636 


18,761.112 
26.210,151 
44.971.263 


42.04 
57.96 


100.00 


41.70 

58.30 

100.00 


76,534,046 
368,185,24 


89,410.018 
239.021,051 


Net  tons. 
21,932,662 
24,769,012 


100.00 


36.61 
63.39 


100.00 


46.701.674 


24,992,076      48.76 
26.264,575      51.24 


46.96 
53.04 


100.00 


51,256,651 


100.00 


IMPORTS  AND  EXPORTS  OF  GOLD  AND  SILVER  BY  COUNTRIES  FOR  1918 

AND  1919 


Countries 


Gold 


Silver 


1918 


1919 


1918 


1919 


Imports: 

France 

United  Kingdom — England. 

Canada 

Central  American  States . . . 

Mexico 

West  Indies 

Brasil 

Chile 

Colombia 

British  Guiana 

Peru 

Venezuela 

Dutch  East  Indies 

Hongkong 

Philippine  Islands 

All  other 


Total. 


$1,286 

45.787,198 

3,309.791 

5.244.066 

232.274 

399,112 

261,806 

2,537,204 

425,628 

637,212 

295,578 

797,872 


896.583 
1.217,138 


$62,042,748 


$4,055,739 

44,487.390 

3,472,634 

4,464.140 

36,103 

26,200 

233.837 

556.572 

139.159 

814,583 

381.981 

3.851,075 

10,017.550 

581.924 

3,415.159 


$76,534,046 


$193,945 

142,104 

7,641.496 

3,033,759 

51,017,055 

278,492 

3,987 

2.160.575 

210,327 


5,115.577 

1.019 

248.223 


6,956 
1,323.185 


$71,375,699 


$75,524 

61,746 

7,121.469 

5.200.481 

63.303.437 

90.467 

2.155 

1.927,324 

271.274 

121 

8,862,537 

2,521 

1.773.584 

20,000 

12.327 

635.051 

$89,410,018 


Table  continued  on  page  661 


Table  continued  on  page  662 


I 
I 


13* 

% 


^1 


ii; 


(i 


^ 


II 


it 

J' 


«62 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Table  Continued: 


Countries 


Gold 


1918 


1919 


Silver 


1918 


1919 


Exports: 

France 

Spain 

United  Kingdom — England. 

Canada 

Mexico.    

West  Indies 

Argentina 

Chile. 

Colombia 

Peru 

Uruguay 

Veneauela 

China 

British  India 

Dutch  East  Indies 

Hongkong 

Japan 

All  other 


Total. 


10.000 


1.546,372 
26.543.446 


6.000 

8.737.474 

1.439.984 

173.400 


1,137,492 


1,068,000 
*■ '407,656' 


$41,069,818 


4.152,533 

29.778.000 

2.091.066 

5.706.428 

10.357.619 

32.940 

56.560.000 

100.000 

5.268,620 

3,383,369 

9.205.000 

12.052,220 

39.109.769 

34,300.666 

7.365.111 

40.085.969 

94.114.189 

14.521.749 


$368,185,248 


$     5,059,922 


32.687.841 

3,606.561 

2.792,086 

91.765 

178.621 


23.786,077 

163,154.135 

770.000 

19.322,299 


6,588,197 

228 

15,635.386 

7,854,378 

1,926,433 

162,789 

3,867 


2.000 


850,000 

77,583,367 

109,180,718 


1,397,157 


$252,846,464 


10.245.351 

3,946,453 
5.041.884 


$239,021,051 


UNITED    STATES    EXPORTS    AND    IMPORTS    OF   FOREIGN    AND    DOMESTIC 

MERCHANDISE  BY  CUSTOMS  DISTRICTS 
(Calendar  Years) 


Customs  Districts  and 

Exports 

Imports 

Headquarters  Ports 

1917 

1918 

1919 

1917 

1918 

1919 

ATLANTIC  COAST 

Connecticut     (Bridge- 

$         50.161 
107,777,104 

35,310.967 
377,376.027 

208,532,112 
2,901,137,542 

6,485,602 

502.224,480 
9.534.355 

2.390 

1,112.290 
137.997.858 

$            2,520 
111,391,221 

27,111,210 
300.717,118 

221,314,900 
2,560,857,383 

4.740.613 

425.072.004 
8.056,943 

400 

257.011 
99,420,284 

$      5.443.992 
4.888.014 

18.778.414 
36.963.175 

229.403,531 
1.361,662.146 

4.982.646 

102.243,789 
3.866.565 

2.415.252 

4.162,126 
23.530.504 

$      6,715,348 
15.001,448 

23.155.230 
35.982.665 

295.915.214 
1.294.414.573 

7,394.267 

115.011.117 
4.568.386 

4.129.338 

3.788,694 
23.468.041 

$      7.749.737 

Georgia  (Savannah)... 

Maine  and  New  Hamp- 
shire (Portland.  Me.) 

Marj'land  (Baltimore). 

Massachusetts  (Bos- 
ton)             

$  258,6.82,666 

48,160,351 
353,713,139 

334,554,031 
3,457,409,842 

28.644,668 

523,195,836 
11,075,625 

426,741 

21.407..596 
175.021.947 

15.397.170 

24.025.683 
38.900.438 

299.364.999 

New  York  (New  York) 
North   Carolina    (Wil- 
mington)       

2.064.695.411 
7.500.980 

PhUadelphia  (PhUadel- 
phia)    

153.819.044 

Porto  Rico  (San  Juan) 
Rhode    Island    (Provi- 
dence)   

5,261,052 
5,456.800 

South  Carolina 

(Charieston) 

Virginia  (Norfolk) .... 

2,618,869 
4.865.288 

Total 

4.287,540,888 

40.920,800 

220.229.353 

44.047,011 

320.891,445 
37,252,561 

3.758.941.607 

49,595,294 

226.833.740 

48.825,978 

399,996,933 
50,923,703 

5.212.291.782 

72.842,179 

467.699,216 

74.154.866 

563.112.010 
57.443.660 

1,798.340.154 

10.225.983 

13.979.398 

2.148.263 

116.248.563 
1.876.869 

1.829.544.321 

11.712,770 

14.012.985 

4,328.299 

124.258.353 
2.077.456 

2.629.655.471 

GULF  COAST 

Florida  (Tampa) 

Galveston  (Galveston) 

MobUe  (Mobile) 

New  Orleans  (New  Or- 
leans)   

15.275.615 

17.704.906 

5.347,275 

177,286,076 

Sabine  (Port  Arthur) . 

4,684,508 

Total 

663,341,170 

776,175,648 

1.235.251.931 

144.479.076 

156,389.863 

220,298,380 

Table  continued  on  page  663 


Table  Continued: 


Customs  Districts  and 
Headquarters  Ports 


MEXICAN  BORDER 

Arirona  (Nogales) .... 

El  Paso  (El  Paso) 

San  Antonio  (San  An- 
tonio)   


Total, 


PACIFIC  COAST 


Alaska  (Juneau) 

Hawaii  (Honolulu).. .  . 

Oregon  (Portland) 

San   Francisco   (San 

Francisco) 

Southern  California 

(lx)8  Angeles) 

Washington  (Seattle). 


Total 


northern  border 

Buffalo  (Buffalo) 

Chicago  (Chicago) . . . 
Dakota  (Pembina) . . . 
Duluth  and  Superior 

(Duluth) 

Michigan  (Detroit)  . 
Montana    and     Idaho 

(Great  Falls) 

Ohio  (Cleveland) 

Rochester  (Rochester) 
St.  Lawrence  (Ogdens- 

burg) 

Vermont  (St.  Albans) . 
Wisconsin  (Milwaukee) 


Total. 


INTERIOR 


Colorado  (Denver).. . . 
Indiana  (Indianapolis) 
Iowa  (Des  Moines) .  .  . 
Kentucky  (Louisville). 
Minnesota  (St.  Paul).. 

Omaha  (Omaha) 

Pittsburgh  (Pittsburgh) 
St.  Louis  (St.  Louis) .  . 
Tennessee  (Memphis). 
Utah  and  Nevada  (Salt 
Lake  City) 


Total 


Grand  total. 


SUPPLEMENTARY  TABLES 


663 


Exports 


1917 


1918 


1919 


$11,588,712 
5,667,297 

31,064.340 


$14,122,531 
5.682.955 

27.750.056 


48.420.349 


3.116.310 
1.244.826 
6.415.522 

175.136.299 

7.179.014 
196,932.427 


390.024,398 


212.819.806 

4.419.493 

82.763.483 

18,721,116 
279.142,586 

5.322,635 
41.033,173 
11,169,656 

109,367.795 

.79,186,426 

239.623 


47.555.542 


1.218.134 

5.043.085 

15.076.165 

214.694.501 

6,788.978 
296.165.819 


$13,954,780 
7.938.122 

36.124.383 


844,185,792 


6,233,512,597 


638.986.682 


208,340.170 
69,019.352 
79.990.459 

51,324,305 
379.157.751 

4.920,790 
40,153,327 
12.135.582 

107.473.743 
64.778.209 
10,134.378 


58.017.285 


1.542,249 

4.702.103 

44.458.227 

240.531.765 

15.923.478 
292.274.345 


1,027,428,066 


599,432,167 


199.052.319 

6.523.832 

80.886.388 

16.944,308 
297.015.608 

7.357.951 

30,943,612 

7.935.920 

99,552,191 

69,945.364 

999,934 


817.157.427 


6,149,087.545 


7.922,150,592 


Imports 


1917 


1918 


1919 


$21,767,644 
2,804,634 

21.571,872 


46,144,150 


1.196.195 
6.579.831 
2.438.624 

231.979.474 

8.063.242 
289.078,274 


$27,718,204 
1,603.358 

23.092.845 


539.335.640 


105.612.019 

27,008.455 
29.292,108 

25.181.430 
54,131.085 

2,690,014 

15,373,763 

3.061.026 

94.280.683 

45.793,168 

1.637.683 


52.414.407 


1,175,731 
7,696,572 
3.799.424 

245.519.466 

9.417.371 
300.954.076 


$18,148,798 
2.699.307 

14.346.501 


568.562.640 


99.914.863 
40.301,025 
31,426.630 

11.646.532 
57.230,708 

5,731,011 

16,287.787 
2,802,794 

94,624,279 

40,314,542 

3.035.990 


35.194.606 


1.449.362 
8.980.704 
3.151.964 

238.027.061 

15.609.610 
195.918.779 


404,061.434 


185.651 

594,340 

101.730 

530.987 

11.512.447 

439.335 

2.505,898 

4,021,879 

165,822 

49,412 


403.316.161 


192.914 

704.170 

133.193 

875,155 

6.180.942 

870,855 

6.391.960 

5.410,395 

192.012 

33.722 


463.137.480 


96.738.440 
45.803.716 
58.324.721 

17,082.846 
74.895.600 

5.001.491 

19,860,229 

4,582,080 

151.616,685 

51.223.122 

4.367.381 


529.496.311 


320,601 
1.163.129 

100.676 

487.555 

6.172.194 

2.277.164 

3.245.325 

12.349,123 

172,010 

336,302 


20,107.501 
2.952.467.955 


20,985,318 
3,031,212,710 


26.624,079 
3,904.406,327 


il 


1 


I 


664 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


UNITED    STATES   EXPORTS   AND   IMPORTS    OF   DOMESTIC   AND   FOREIGN 

MERCHANDISE  BY  COUNTRIES 

(Calendar  Years)  


Coxmtriea 


Exports 


1917 


1918 


1919 


EUKOPB 

Austria-Hungary .... 
Aiores,   and    Madeira 

Islands 

Belgium 

Bulgaria 

Denmark 

Finland 

France 

Germany 

Gibraltar 

Iceland,  and  Faroe  Isl 

Italy 

Malta,  Go«o,  etc 

Netherlands 

Norway 

Portugal 

Rumania 

Russiain  Europe 

Serbia,   Montenegro, 

and  Albania 

Spain 

Sweden 

Switierland 

Turkey  in  Europe .  .  . 


$313,469 
56,080,886 


$118,197 
154.649,338 


United  Kingdom: 

England 

Scotland 

Ireland 


Total  United  Kingdom 
Total  Europe .... 

KORTH  AMXRICA 

Bermuda 

British  Honduras 

Canada 


32,408,830 

460,024 

940.791,331 

3,275 

6,905,900 

8,636,163 

2,402,152 

419,034,486 

76,249 

57,540.570 

62.847,557 

18,532,641 

310,774 

315.250.020 

3,540 
91,584,080 
20,467,923 
19,409,512 


11,353,845 

268 

931,199,774 


9,150,546 

4.346,471 

2.599.939 

492.174,547 

1,277,169 

11,369,269 

36,137,464 

21,642,690 


1,814,936,817 

173,123.451 

20,609,373 


2.008.609.641 


4,061,728,923 


2,478,476 

2.167,621 

828,919,971 


8.902.449 

17.497 
69.188.733 
15,674,108 
27,602,921 


1,952,870.089 
101,030,456 
7,391,998 


2.061,292.543 


Central  American  Stat 

Costa  Rica 

Guatemala 

Honduras 

Nicaragua 

Panama 

Salvador 

Total     Central 
American  States. 


Greenland 

Mexico 

Miquelon,  Langley.etc. 
Newfoundland  and 
Labrador 


West  Indies: 
British — 

Barbados 

Jamaica 

Trinidad 

Tobago  . . 
Other  British 


Total  British. , 


and 


es: 


3.188.367 
6.768.002 
5.132.695 
4,731.071 
27,638,661 
4,301,324 


3.858.697,768 


2,120,751 
2.295,952 

886,877,684 


2,100,273 
4,241,977 
5,033,932 
4,503,808 
21,116,503 
3,902,572 


51,760,110 


13,192 

110.829,375 

522.559 

9,849,311 


$42,211,564 

605,481 

377,876,308 

1,788,125 

163.965,478 

21,814,029 

893,368.996 

92,761.314 

42,848.023 

42.883,610 

3,457,622 

442,676,842 

621,676 

255,134.440 

135.134,594 

19,961.948 

6,688,432 

27,757.613 

2,927,724 

102,819,694 

133.063,131 

76.145.554 

20,390,204 


2,125,735,211 
118,136,042 
35,306,795 


2,279,178,048 


5,185,980,350 


2,386,250 

2,918,393 

734,267,286 


4,920,724 
8,391,464 
7,691,928 
6.694.497 
22,009.925 
5,934.418 


40,899,065 


5,596 

97,788,736 

267,581 

13,097.557 


2,671,028 
8,078,289 

7,240,376 
6.642,207 


24,631,900 


3,129,965 
7,461,153 

6,663,750 
4,187,569 


55,642,956 


19,036 

131,451,901 

496.749 

15,189,805 


3,870.423 
11,105,525 

7,777,287 
4,726.939 


21.432,437 


27,480,174 


Imports 


1917 


1918 


1919 


$64,937 

1,603,549 

158,022 

8,569 

977,453 

5,076 

98,639,653 

169,352 

61,837 

7,956,326 

602.837 

36,480,807 

52,017 

22,744,504 

6,280.233 

8,132.004 

1.285 

12,350,179 


$97,323 

1,588,611 
13.964 


796.418 


69.509.854 

317,706 

4,117 

19,136,832 

881,305 

24,340,022 

4,470 

8,824,419 

2,015,851 

3,884,440 


36.881.630 
18.069,487 
19,834,668 


229.494,043 
28,402,033 
22,184,099 


6,784,603 


18,488,289 

5,935,490 

16.882,742 


280,080,176 


551,144,699 


988,364 

1,819,403 

413,674,846 


6,374,606 
10,470,226 
4,967,610 
3,813,248 
7,484,494 
6,625,073 


118,513,817 
12,870,346 
17,230,652 


$2,390,973 

1,670.322 

7,700.100 

2.097,928 

6,201.750 

1,215.361 

123,871,409 

10,624,229 

37,178 

28,611,288 

542,752 

59,048,446 

51,602 

75,506,503 

7,371,249 

6,414,961 


2,953,480 


49,391.903 
13,825,982 
27,687,818 
14,165,285 


267,624,665 
25,846,085 
15,718,515 


148,614,815 


309,189,265 


38,625,156 


218,513 
130.526,936 


6,230,850 


318,121,271 


1,074,634 

2,635.162 
451,695,009 


8,967.239 
8,011,685 
6,296,086 
4,792,351 
8.767,403 
8,307,358 


760,569,784 


1,092,669 

2,791,479 

494,693.869 


6,681.789 
12,115,065 
7,415,588 
5,496,275 
7,395,029 
4,146,113 


44,131,122 


97,500 

158,643,427 

3,191 

6,864,490 


297,804 
3,347,697 

7,353,227 
3,210,964 


14,209,692 


941,911 
2,972,945 

7,112,661 
2,866,542 


43,149.859 


106.500 

148,926.376 

671 

5.361.441 


13.883.059 


612,011 
5,173,204 

7,687.110 
2,894,045 


16,366,370 


SUPPLEMENTARY  TABLES 


665 


Table  Continiied: 


Countries 


Exports 


Imports 


1917 


1918 


1919 


Cuba ..•• 

Danish  West  Indies 
(Virgin  Islands  of 
United  States) .  .  .  . . 

Dominican  Republic . . 

Dutch  West  Indies .  . 

French  West  Indies. . . 

Haiti 


$  195,871,266  $  227,156,047 


1,885,497 
16.252.321 
1.854,592 
7,175.045 
7,492,396 


Total  West  Indies 

Total  North  Amer- 
ica   

BOCTH  AMERICA 


255,163.017 


1.640,103 
16,119,713 
1,358.502 
6.357.451 
9,069,275 


$  278,391,222 


1,804.117 

18,740.756 

1.914.587 

8,781,391 

16,327,848 


282,133.528 


Argentina 

Bolivia 

Braiil 

Chile. 

Colombia 

Ecuador 

Falkland  Islands . 
Guiana: 

British 

Dutch 

French 

Paraguay 

Peru 

Uruguay 

Venesuela 


1,261,703,532 


107,098,895 

3,498,618 

66,157,952 

57,549,304 

12,573,334 

5,432,090 

36,887 

5,397,646 

1,553,248 

881,066 

504.388 

22,015,037 

18,414,054 

10.780,504 


353,440,095 


Total  South  Amer- 
ica   


ASIA 

Aden 

China 

China  leased  territory : 

British 

French 

German 

Japanese 


Total  China . 
Chosen 


311,893,023 

987,622 
40,292.059 

20.810 

229,231 

260,814 

4,956,557 


East  Indies: 
British — 

British  India 

StraitsSettlements 
Other  British 

Total       British 
East  Indies 

Dutch  East  Indies. 
French  East  Indies 
Portuguese     East 
Indies 

Hong  Kong 

Japan 

Persia 

Russia  in  Asia 

Siam 

Turkey  in  Asia 

Other  Asia 


45,759,471 
1,793.348 


33,599.396 
8.204,417 
1,023,921 


42,827,734 


Total  Asia. 


26,992,354 
218,707 

3,784 

15.747.484 

186.340.304 

195,215 

109,260.439 

1.051.858 

83,140 


431,261,460 


1.325.486,360 


105,104,548 

5,289.008 

57.391,417 

66,404.300 

10,546.409 

4,171.684 

295,660 

5,510.583 

1,449.596 

775,263 

700.595 

21,715,751 

16,193,451 

7,161,345 


302,709,610 


118,486 
52,570.579 

878 

293.641 

93,422 

6,176,440 


59,134,960 
1,825,676 


40,392.458 
9,948.490 
1,013.907 


51,354,855 


23,379,401 
663,102 

9,897 

24.665.372 

273,774,685 

148.077 

8.433.069 

1.577.122 

415.948 

550 


445,501.200 


1.295,812,471 


155,968,390 

4,771,177 

114,656,309 

53,471,688 

24,143.646 

7,500.703 

169,043 

5,125,195 

1,547,238 

1,085,60'" 

894.271 

26,945.191 

31,419.669 

14.429.202 


442,127.329 


1,659.262 
105,514,962 


24,521 
12,735,007 


118,274,490 
3,333,471 


67.505,528 

12,134,504 

1.874,326 


81,514,358 


46.576,489 
1,474,953 

7,492 

22,092.880 

366,364,593 

908,594 

54,678,672 

1.937.977 

4.841.518 

2,360 


703,667,109 


1917 


1918 


1919 


$  248,505,986 


928,291 

12.645,636 

948,886 

117,799 

3,542,167 


$  278,635,027 


1,137,501 
8,464,500 
1,452.243 
141,969 
6.756,509 


280,898,457 


$  418.610,263 


1.593.120 

12,190,302 

3,126,999 

56,321 

9,705,147 


310.470,808 


871,982,524 


178,245,833 

51,948 

145,274,931 

142,597,929 

27,581.217 

10.507,223 

400,000 

220,259 
1,473,191 


Table  continued  on  page  665 


97,029 
43,471.316 
33.175,381 
15.722,275 


974,615,243 


228,388,215 

451,932 

98,038,132 

166,082,920 
24,723,035 
10.121.834 


461.648,522 


1,157,771,286 


199,158,401 

2,434.750 

233,570.620 

82,442,364 

42,911,409 

8,966,435 


394,017 

605,478 

21,769 

140,275 

34,423,025 

35.583.216 

11,957,224 


598,818,532      610,931,072 


1,954,717 
125,106,020 

5,922 


47,104 
14,817,698 


964.935 
110,970,969 


399,110 
904.920 

■  1,031,414 
33.111,352 
50,483.828 
32,110,785 


687,525,388 


5,175,298 
154.153,751 


139,976,744 
102,760 


101.057,067 

127,562.633 

31,010.197 


14,057 

72,362 

29,835,185 


140,892,573 
139,271 


531,223 
15,492,291 


170,177,265 
335,073 


259,629.897 


129,688.009 

150.231.422 

19.188,676 


299,108,107 


140.081,000 

145,862,447 

36,204.326 


322,147,773 


88,620,800 


10,383,561 

253,669,709 

1,135.788 

2,164,252 

149,162 

408,579 

41.196 


758.237,165 


74.982.656 
3,721 

404 

30,068.279 

301,943,058 

630,757 

3,975,404 

174.892 

486,317 

4,147 


853,374,521 


78,746.091 
1,623,936 

17 

22,118,739 

409.853,213 

1.453,152 

6,709.608 

223,827 

22,837,717 

42.420 

1,041,444,129 


Table  continued  on  page  666 


» 


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666 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


SUPPLEMENTARY  TABLES 


667 


Table  Continued: 


Cbuntries 

Exports 

Imports 

1917 

1918 

1919 

1917 

1918 

1919 

OCEANIA 

British  Oceania: 

Australia 

$58,967,.'578 

16,318,873 

634,783 

$79,549,198 

22,274,960 

863,987 

$95,084,059 

28,171.585 

725.354 

$25,012,150 
6,990.053 
2,276.994 

$73,621,268 

21,259,532 

4.091,141 

$.6S.ie0.397 

New  Zealand 

Other  British 

21.329,035 
4.736.956 

Total  British 
Oceania 

75,921.234 

102,688,145 

123.980,998 

34.279.197 

98,871,941 

84,226,388 

French  Oceania 

German  Oceania 

Philippine  Islands.  .  . . 

1,029,898 

450,719 

38,140,152 

1,438,148 

393.033 

52,975,672 

1,289.193 

313,717 

70.310,262 

1.849.558 

705.800 

62.386.641 

2,887,549 

977.934 

85.926.717 

2.307,201 

2,085,169 

66,289,336 

Total  Oceania 

AFBICA 

115.542.003 

157,494,998 

2,000 
656.027 

7,743.715 

34.872.819 

1.142.463 

195,894.170 

9.612 
2,868,096 

13,538,363 

44,042.000 

1.872.393 

99,221.196 

188.664.141 

154,908,094 
5 

Belgian  Kongo 

British  Africa: 

West 

552.482 

6,931,791 

30,386,746 

1,766.070 

570.506 

473,254 

14.231.221 

26.515.730 

204,229 

14,455,898 

36.692.825 

508.563 

28,503.744 

South 

38,815,763 

East 

839,040 

TotalBritishAfrica 

39,084.607 

43.758.997 

59,452.756 

40,951,180 

51.657.286 

66.158.547 

Canary  Islands 

Egypt    

592.555 

2,965,688 

3.086,529 

8.962 

4,287 

222,977 

140,107 

403,208 

4.243,067 

79,177 

359.574 

6,616.987 

3.189.259 

3.477 

1.497.657 

15.826.553 

10,834,272 

462.349 

352,311 

212,996 

525,459 

1.412,224 

5,131,859 

83.019 

247.940 
27,352.444 
957.674 
466.987 
356.096 

152.466 

28.850,475 

812.677 

8.209 

164,540 
39,628.681 

French  Africa 

German  Africa 

Italian  Africa 

2.508,237 

89,274 

495,923 

232.506 

177.167 

982.029 

3,207,931 

11,665 

88.009 

21,776 

326,202 

3,018,856 

172.765 

Madagascar 

132.738 

179.859 

2.418,636 

386 

106.267 

Morocco        

717,774 

Portuguese  Africa .... 
Spanish  Africa 

1.672,373 

Total  Africa 

Grand  total 

51,383,656 
6.233,512.597 

59,197,619 
6.149.087.545 

98.669.163 
7,922,150.592 

73.063.939 
2.952,467,955 

85,506,462 
3,031,212.710 

112.187.646 
3.904.406.372 

UNITED  STATES  EXPORTS  OF  DOMESTIC  MERCHANDISE  BY  ARTICLES 

(Calendar  Years) 


Articles 


1917 


Abrasives: 
Wheels, 
other . 
AU  other 


emery 


and 


Quantity 


Agricultural  imple- 
ments: 

Hay  rakes  and  ted- 
ders   

Mowers  and  reapers. 

Planters  and  seeders 

Plows  and  cultiva- 
tors   

Thrashers 

All  other 

Parts  of 

Total  agricultural 
implements .... 


Ahuninum 

Ingot    metal     and 

alloys lbs. 

Plates  and  sheets.l  bs. 
All  other  manufact- 
ures of 


Total. 


b9.470.206 
b550.198 


Animals: 

Cattle No. 

Hogs No. 

Horses No. 

Mules No. 

Sheep No. 

All  other  including 
fowls) 


Total  animals. 


Art 


works:    Paintings 

and  statxiary 

Asbestos: 

Ore    and    unmanu- 
factured  tons 

Manufactures  of . . . . 
AK>haltum: 

Unmanufactured 

tons 

Manufactures  of 

Athletic  and  sporting 

goods 

Bark  for  tanning,  tons 
Bauxite  concentrates 

tons 

Billiard  tables  and  ac> 


20.009 
15,588 
169.000 
72,590 
30.359 


632 


26.887 


cessones 

Blacking  and  polishes. 
Bones.      hoofs.       and 
horns,     unmanufac- 
tured   

Brass: 

Scrap    and    old,    fit 
only  for  remanu- 

facture lbs. 

Bars,  plates,  sheets, 

etc lbs. 

Cartridge  shells, 

empty 

Pipes  and  fittings. . . 

Wire lbs. 

All  other  manufac- 
tures of 


906 
21.791 


Total. 


8.298.989 
328,346.666 


bl.804.741 


1918 


1919 


Value 

$4,881,600 
1,941,512 


777.383 

12.740,301 

431.358 

7.592.145 
2.749.171 

8,974.291 

33.264,649 

a9.029,458 

b4,269,643 
b301,550 

b985.816 


Quantity 


14,586,467 


1.291,714 

276,451 

33,058.960 

13,716,063 

278,759 

383.903 


49.005.850 


296.836 


116.580 
1.932.551 


686.673 
686,055 

1,377.424 
26.033 

1.323,926 

88.287 
1,057,231 


173,159 

1.758.384 

101.521,426 

b3,533,834 
b402,l67 
b729.768 

131,945.530 


239.891,109 


20,152,798 
3,982,173 


17,280 
10,308 
51.170 
17,319 
7.962 


Value 

$3,862,531 
1,982.822 


562.664 

5.228.407 

849.070 

8.705.989 
2.034.713 
8.508.818 
6.969.503 

32.849.164 


Quantity 


7.478.149 
1,500.903 

1,890.336 


10,869,388 


1.082.758 

333,729 

9,858,476 

3,360,653 

120.882 

288.645 


4.458.195 
562,157 


622 


19,739 


513 
19,711 


69,859 
24.745 
19.691 
7.122 
34.531 


4.909,820 
30,989,717 


1,748.883 


15,045,142 

341,035 

51,053 
2.493.326 


577.654 
577,936 

2.183,486 
18,807 

1,523,688 

170,958 
1,186,951 


307,671 

799,318 

9.522.934 

566.829 

1.137.336 

707.287 

17.071,694 


099 


29,805,398 


35,900 


668 
17.701 


Value 

$3,032,067 
2,809,231 


605.427 

10.494.72J 

693.698 

10.504.348 
1.660.168 
9.527.727 
7.702.403 

41,188.494 


1,496.65» 
249.237 

2.146.430 

3,890.326 


6.439.521 

683,911 

2,866,396 

1.189,18a 

369.974 

464,702 


1,321.767 
7,770.671 


1,115.908 


12.003.684 


1,150,015 


157,416 
3,529,348- 


1,103,930 
606,91» 

2,903,291 
47,741 

1,372,004 

311.522 
2.722.332 


370.634 

176.028 

2.310.561 

169.961 

1.413.875 

403.899 

9.438.554 

13,912.878 


Table  continued  on  page  668 


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668 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


SUPPLEMENTARY  TABLES 


669 


Table  Continued: 


Table  Continued: 


Articles,  and  Countries 
to  Which  Exported 


1917 


1918 


1919 


Breadstuffa: 

Barley bush 

Barley  flour bbls. 

Bran  and  mid- 
dlings  tons 

Bread  andbiscuit.lbs. 
Buckwheat. . .  .bush 

Corn bush 

Corn  meal  and  corn 

flour bbls. 

Dried  grain  and  malt 

sprouts tons 

Mill  feed tons 

Oats bush 

Preparations  of.  for 
table  food — Oat- 
meal   and    rolled 

oats lbs. 

All  other  cereal  prep- 
arations   

Rice lbs. 

Rye bush 

Rye  flour bbls. 

Wheat bush 

Wheat  flour bbls. 

All  other  breadstuffs 


Quantity 
17,858,849 


Total. 


6,833 

14.202.243 

121,636 

62  167,683 

1  210,842 

961 
22.253 

98,677,544 


268,861,843 


Value 
$  26,207,499 


207,588,404 

13,411,496 

212,890 

106,196,318 
13,926,117 


Broom  corn tons 

Brooms 

Brushes 

Buttons 

All  other 

Candles lbs. 

Cars,  automobiles,  and 
other  vehicles: 
Aeroplanes     and 
parts  of — 
Aeroplanes .  . .  No. 

Parts  of 

Automobiles  and 
parts  of — 
Automobiles — 
Commercial. .  .No. 
Passenger ....  No. 
Parts  of,  not  includ- 
ing engines  and 
tires 


Total     automo- 
biles .    and 

parts  of 

Carriages. No. 

Cars  for  railways — 
For  steam  railwaj'S- 
Passenger ....  No. 
Freight  and  other 

No. 

For    other    railways 

No. 

Bicycles,  tricycles,  etc. 

Motor  Cycles No. 

Motor  warehouse  and 
motor  station  trucks 

No. 

Wagons 

Wheelbarrows,  push- 
carts and  hand- 
trucks  

All  other  vehicles  and 
parts  of 


Total  cars,  etc . 


3,160 


6,469,182 


140 


14,479 
65,756 


2,295 


280,859 

1,605,614 

194,333 

72,936,631 

10,048,683 

38,632 

966,045 

71,351,798 


11,990,386 

10,327.734 

12.376,588 

25,871,354 

2.088,150 

245,833,521 

138,438,813 

1,431,770 


14,320 


b373 
12,951 


631,988,510 

941,591 
163.677 
910,746 
978.517 
b283,096 
b569,338 
842,554 


1,100,207 
6,505,566 


36,755,236 
51.872,905 


31,624,963 


Quantity 
18,805.219 
b360,073 

7.372 

8.585,891 

1,420 

39.899.091 

1,790.016 

217 

9.652 

114.462.932 


120,253.104 
137,701 


314,295 

23.796,771 

1,633,941 
1,434,637 
3,035,032 


bl  17,652 
859,120 


595,027 
14,273.615 


Value 
$  30,566,377 
b3.877.852 

32,285 

1,277,704 

3,021 

69,269,329 

18,761,103 

13.394 

466.242 

98.221.637 


299.198.016   17,363,080 


167.932,776 

7,631,639 

1.446,075 

111,177,103 

21,706,700 


173,056.667 


4,343 


6,854.197 

12,424,710 

15,615,618 

15.449,730 

260,612,978 

244,653,422 

5,751,037 


6,562,336 


48 


10,308 
36,936 


1,100 

98 
8,050 
2.621 


9,212 


305 
5,624 


801,497,716 

1,396,348 

157,886 

1,099,016 

'63V.948 
1,806,874 
1,274,707 


607.255 
14,670,269 


26,814,962 
36,278,292 


33,607.050 


Quantity 
37,611,840 
255,845 

4,517 

12,827,005 

186,074 

11,192,568 

1,202.449 

2.261 

12,228 

55,294,535 


220.883,637 


377,497,423 

32,898,166 

1,266,030 

148.086,470 
26,449.581 


96,700,294 
56,256 


883.607 

11,522,608 

1,192,403 
1,540,920 
2,169,385 


349,403 
519,787 


480,914 
20,432,996 


4,319 


Value 

$  63.832.319 
2,572,396 

233,114 

2,506,447 

307,454 

18,624,400 

10.920.847 

137,197 

798,636 

46.485.424 


11,995.782 

8,817t694 

34,812,805 

61,786,232 

12,424,508 

356,918,296 

293,449,517 

3,786.189 


•   •  •   •   • 


8.663,047 


44 


16,669 
67,086 


1,352 

106 

27,317 

2.915 


151.126.096 


24.481 


639 
7,743 


920,409,157 

902,166 

292,729 

1,470,555 

"  "  710.727 
2,685,960 
1.736,955 


215,300 
3,249,226 


35,385,069 
73,650,427 


42.562,186 


161.697,682 
112,505 


1.610.790 

57.473.824 

1.668.708 
3.2.34,915 
6,687,436 


532.911 
750,326 


774,280 
33,340.952 


261.248.855 


Articles,  and  Countries 
to  Which  Exported 


1917 


Celluloid,   and   manu- 
factures of 

Cement,  hydraulic  bbls. 
Chalk,  manufactures  of 
Chemicals,  drugs,  dyes 

and  medicines: 
Acids — 

Carbolic lbs. 

Nitric lbs. 

Picric. lbs. 

Sulphuric Ibfl. 

All  other 


Total  acids . 


Quantity 
'2.'58'6,2i5 


b7.298,380 

b485.863 

b26,609,438 

63,522,930 


Alcohol,  wood gals. 

Baking  powder. . .  .lbs. 
Calcium  carbide. .  .lbs. 
Coal-tar  distillates,  n. 
e.  s. — 

Beniol lbs. 

Ail  other 

Copper,    sulphate    of 

(blue  vitriol) . . .  .Ibe. 
Dyes  and  dyestufiTs . . . 

Aniline  dyes 

Logwood  extract .  . . 

All  other 


Value 

3.361,808 

5,328.536 

165,281 


b3,473,521 

b46,060 

bl7,234,765 

1.006,125 

30,932.169 


1,122,191 

5,933,496 

30,954,253 


bl6.860,496 


29,068,748 


Total. 


Extracts  for  tanning . . 

Formaldehyde  (forma 
lin).. 

Glycerin Ibe. 

Infants'  food 

Lime — 

Acetate  of lbs. 

Chloride  of,  or 
bleaching  powder, 
lbs. 

Medicinal  and  pharm- 
aceutical prepara- 
tions  

Petroleum  jelly 

Potash — 

Chlorate lbs. 

All  other 

Roots,  herbs  and  barks- 
Ginseng  lbs. 

All  other 

Boda 

Caustic lbs. 

Sal  soda lbs. 

Silicate  of  soda.  .lbs. 

Soda  ash lbs. 

All  other  salts  of .  .  . 

Total  soda. 

Sulphur  or  brimstone 

tons. 

Washing   powder    and 

fluid lbs. 

All  other  chemicals,  etc. 

Total     chemicals, 
etc 


b9,e09,980 


14,378,032 


b8.848,789 


b7.049.986 


205,684 


b89,992,773 

bl.436.888 

bl4,549,574 

b98,42 1,008 


Chewing  gum 

Clays: 

Fire tona. 

All  other tons. 

Clocks  and  watchee: 

Clocks  and  parts  of. 

Watches  and  parts  of 


152,736 
4,472,841 


48,235 

26,066 


52,692,640 

1,175,822 

1,587,488 
1,063,427 


bl.446.250 
b2,855.394 

3,038.3&0 
b7. 152, 089 
b3,503.218 
bl.404,709 
b4,046,745 


16,106,761 

3.372,417 

b394,609 

b4,747,923 

b855,183 

665.365 
b421,397 


9,740,315 
1,246,901 

b475,434 
638,768 

1,387,067 

955,235 

b9,322,233 

b5.832,59S 

b97,772 

b216,828 

b2,884.569 

4.030.196 


22,384,196 

3,500,819 

250,845 
62,336.213 


1918 


1919 


Quantity 


193,327,849 

1,403,888 

268,093 
178,764 

2.210,302 
1,793,326 


2,252,446 


6,477,841 

1.013.196 

39.584,858 

80,294,643 


2,624,312 

4,795,751 

18,146,239 


33,294,577 


Value 
4,680.947 
5.912,166 
172,165 


2,666,634 

113.617 

23.231.892 

1,278,027 

4,213,868 


Quantity 


2,463,689 


1,253,421 

501,618 

2,474 

21,295,537 


14,477,339 


31.604,038 

2,035,950 
1,533,249 
1,347,458 


1,904,360 
5,867,830 

1,395.946 


8,629,611 
1,551,380 
6,636.909 


718.427 

4,007,626 

23,903,492 


14,268,419 


Value 
S    7,966,493 
7,516,019 
333,673 


364,187 

73,054 

2,684 

489,978 

4.613.395 


9,140.673 


21.754,728 


15.682.813 
9.460,793 


1,391,663 
226,731 


97,378,334 

12,716.453 

28.250,360 

238,434,992 


131,092 
4,141,497 


16,817.900 

3,125,842 

796,718 

11,766,636 

2,450,102 

758,622 
310,268 


10,824.061 
1,635,590 

539,491 
837,679 

1,372.586 
728,143 


3,963,392 
16,362,929 
21,019.751 


5,602,813 

213.865 

404,796 

7,805,550 

6,587,134 


1^982,204 
307,585 


164,235,420 
11,126,970 
24,300,567 

100,961,927 


53,755 
21.739 


20,614,158 

3,626.638 

210.136 
43,236.459 


165,239.860 

1.695,903 

333,880 
192.053 

2,147.980 
1,804.388 


224,712 
5.170.244 


33.470 
27,663 


6,543.298 

750,167 
1,134,761 
1,404.920 


535.132 
1.103.750 

92S.291 


10,724,071 
1,355,936 
5.004,428 


17,084,435 

6,698,134 

1,270.797 
1.190.984 
2.854.653 

410,646 
517,324 


18,985,793 
2.594.338 

524.208 
2.231,351 

3.338,531 
1,632.281 


6.748,762 

178,385 

338,818 

2,656,608 

7,226,222 


17,148,795 

6,325,552 

295,490 
40,122,867 


133,526,488 

2,164,290 

262,501 
249.571 

3,920.514 
2,273.045 


Table  continued  on  page  670 


Table  continued  on  page  669 


i 


670 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


SUPPLEMENTARY  TABLES 


671 


Table  Continued: 


Articles,  and  Countries 
to  Which  Exported 


1917 


1918 


1910 


Coal  and  coke: 
Coal- 
Anthracite.,  .tons. 
Bituminous,  tons. 

Coke tons. 

Coal  tar bbls. 

Cocoa   and   chocolate, 
prepared    or  manu- 
factured, not  includ- 
ing confectionery . . . 
Coffee: 

Green  or  raw  .  .lbs. 
Roasted  or  prepared 
lbs. 


Quantity 

5,363.666 

21.285,320 

1,258.321 

68.504 


46,035,832 
2,556.209 


Confectionery 

Copper: 

r\  /gross  tons 

O'^ icopper.lbs. 

Concen- 
trates,/ 

matte,) gross  tons 
and  re-l  copper ,lb8. 
gulus . .  I 
Pigs,     ingots,     plates, 
wire,  etc. — 
Unrefined,  black, 
blister    and    con- 
verter copper,  lbs. 
Refined    copper,    in 
ingots,     bars     or 
other  forrrs. .   lbs. 
Composition    metal, 
copper    chief    value 

lbs. 

Old  and  scrap lbs. 

Pipes  and  tubes .  .  .  lbs. 
Plates  and  sheets,  .lbs. 
Wire,  except  insu- 
lated  lbs. 

Total  pigs,  ingots, 
plates,  wire,  etc. 

lbs. 

All  other  manufactures 

of • 

Total  copper,  and 
manufactures  of, 
except  ore,  etc. . 


Cork,  manufactures  of 
Cotton: 

Unmanufactured — 

Sea  Island. .  i^^^ 

Upland  and  /bales 
other.  .  .  .Ubs. . 
/bales 
libs.. 


63.616 
5,135,818 


4,105 
821,477 


Linters 


Total. 


/bales 
\lb«.. 
Manufactures  of — 
Blankets   and   com- 
forts   

Cloths- 
Duck — 

Unbleached,  .yds. 

Bleached yds. 

Colored yds. 

Total  duck. yds. 
All  other  cloths — 
Unbleached,  .yds. 
Bleached yds. 


Value 

$30,909,798 

79,502,654 

8,543,746 

180,560 


5,102,813 

6,696,780 

502.817 
2,108,081 

I       1,410,072 


} 


205.888 


Quantity 

4,435.543 

19,956.009 

1,506.986 

58,554 


43,031,687 
1,694,928 


/  29. 

I       2,387, 


378 
275 


16,992,357 
1,030.779,328 


bl, 228,032 

1.070.389 

b7,260,833 

42.664,931 

26.879,498 


1,126,875,368 


4,614,843 
306,847,639 


b350.561 

300,609 

b3.023.563 

12,995,503 

8,975,078 


I 


4,220 
872.564 


337.107,796 
16,957,876 


1.841 

744.827 

4.369,193 

12.251.187.050 

447,856 

224.206,420 


4.818,843 
2,476.138,297 


8,398,833 
2,458,643 
1,493,547 


354,065,672 
655,765 

445,085 

550.906,338 

23.952,359 


14,687.823 
690.027.891 


186,260 

257,403 

4,109,226 

19,471,584 

15,689,554 


Value 

129.215,689 

78,664,856 

11,861.408 

168,720 


6.961,457 

6,365,160 

296,642 
1,225,928 

578.165 


211.392 


Quantity 

4.443.391 

17,969,514 

640,139 

76,592 


28.289.105 
6.256,449 


2,601 
507,846 


744,429,741 


2,632 

1.0.57.147 
3.964.700 
12,047,096.381 
145.017 
70,021,654 


3.825,606 
178.831.041 


60.128 

60.733 

1,845,222 

5,677,408 

4,750,942 


/  402 

I  160.821 


195,051,080 
5,286,143 


12.351,023 

125.319,773 
143,198,426 


I  575.303.782 
bl.132,466 


4.255.424 

1,002,157 

471,781 


f       4.112,349 
12,118,175,182 


5,729.362 

11,787.698 
17,661,784 


5.097.520 

2,254,458 

731,388 


8,083,366 

73.436.891 
99,227.003 


200,337,223 
996,821 

856,011 

664,386,262 

I       8,880,517 


1,674,411 
438,160,818 


364,089 

449.804 

5.993.959 

13.764.425 

55.579.125 


Value 

$36,668,131 

83.668,842 

5.128,119 

198.503 


21,380.801 

7.295,511 

1,563.854 
12,305,082 

95,930 
32,611 


515,986,631 


360,089 


95,636.546 


110,032 

74.104 
2.206,895 
4.090.496 

14.813.546 


117,291,703 
4,554.623 


I  674.122.790 
2.498.163 


3,430,806 

1.234.330 

312.967 


6,052 

2,492.137 

6,526,173 

[3.352,493,841 

24.962 

12,692.007 


6,557,187 
3.367,677,985 


121.846.326 
1,081,537 

1,543,266 
1.134,817,274 
1,010.712 


4.978.103 

11.830.027 
19,090.986 


9,145.648 
4,362.444 
1.319.388 


14.827.480 

142.868,158 
126,256,010 


|l.l37,371,252 
3,551,511 


7.473.972 

3.059,235 

721.274 


11.254.481 

23.587,129 
26,191,621 


Table  Continued: 


Articles,  and  Countries 
to  Which  Exported 


1917 


Colored — 

Printed yds. 

Dyed  in  the  piece 

yds. 

Dyed  in  the  yarn 
* yds. 

Total  cloths,  .yds. 

Laces  and  embroideries 

Mill  waste lbs. 

Rags,     except     paper 
stock lbs. 

Thread,    sewing,    cro- 
chet, etc 

Wearing  apparel — 
Collars  and  cuffs .  .  . 
Corsets 

Knit  goods 

Ho8ier>'...do».  pairs 

Underwear 

All  other 


Quantity 
183,295,059 
105,419,979 
195,037,632 


764,621,892 


Total  knit  goods. 
All  other  wearing  ap- 
parel   

For  men  and  boys 

For    women    and 

children 


Total  wearing 

apparel 

Yam lbs. 

All   other   manufac- 
tures of 

Total  manufac- 
tures of  cotton 
Dental  goods: 

Teeth 

All  other 

Earthen,     stone,     and 
china  ware: 
Brick- 
Building M 

Fire M 

Chinaware 

Earthen    and    stone 


ware 

Sanitary  earthenware 
(closet  bowls,  lav- 
atories, sinks,  etc.) 
Tiles,  except  drain. , 
All  other 


Total 


Eggs do*. 

Egg  yolks,  canned  eggs, 

etc 

Electrical  machinery 
and  appliances,  ex- 
cept locomotives: 

Batteries 

Carbons 

Dynamos  or  gener- 
ators   

Fans No. 

Heating  and  cooking 
apparatus 

Insulated  wire  and 
cables 

Interior  wiring  sup- 
plies, including  fix- 
tures  


62,259,352 
4,075,111 


b3. 180.994 


12.172 
101.535 


19.886,079 


Value 
$18,559,148 
15,460,989 
26,281,686 


44,710 


95,480,667 

1.614.299 
9.005,446 

245,419 

bl, 135.619 

bl60.119 

1,5.52.161 

a6,826.053 

6b.  139,392 

bl. 343,696 

b699.748 


15.008,889 

a6,025,084 
b3,121,366 

bl,214,755 


27,082,374 
6.583,081 

16,539,445 


158,818,816 

296,493 
1,808,385 


196,207 

4,011.546 

422,641 

805,784 


323,558 
450.422 
743,105 


6,953,263 

7.270.543 

101,112 


3,624,224 
739,717 

2,394.647 
609.981 

b256.533 

7,189.180 

1,405.808 


1918 


1919 


Quantity 
139,768,162 
133,174,426 
90,484,726 


544,174,574 


46,868,332 
5.024,629 


Value 
$21,628,277 
30,073,012 
19,918,898 


5,574,343 


13,355,800 


107,519,333 

1,569,322 
9,488,664 

342,419 

2,824,776 

329,227 
1,923,078 


Quantity 
137,665,935 
156,032,678 
105,294,039 


682,944,300 


57,317.920 
6,182,528 


Value 
$23,205,902 
40,662,419 
27,095.972 


13.258,474 

2.897,486 

945,833 


17,101.793 


6.181.308 
3,015,130 


28,550,536 
8,846,694 

19,389.579 


9.477,338 


20,699,124 


151.997,524 

1.731.675 
2.411.704 

515.754 

4,367,762 

771.219 
2,880.858 


26,882.566 
8,602.293 
1,508.995 


36.993.354 


10.082.218 
3.664.724 


6,679 
89.608 


181.029,486 

331,345 
1,427,959 


117,263 

5,001,057 

318,448 

783,577 


377,527 
582,051 
752,651 


54,392,873 
14,488.630 

29,657.978 


20,938,278 


54,573 


12,169 
51,252 


7,932,574 

8,428,214 

718,066 


3,178,437 
1,600,920 

3,363,349 
847,327 

686,339 

5,604,929 


273.115.411 

363.250 
2,455,376 


248.690 

2,747.512 

523,861 

1.148.051 


563.734 
628.836 
721.600 


38.789,470 


76,527 


1,428,615 


6,582.284 

18,812,231 

131,747 


5.998.337 
1,391,765 

5,799,885 
1,421,160 

1,579.757 

8,815.212 

2.319.498 


Table  continued  on  page  671 


f    , 


Table  continued  on  page  672 


I 


672 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Table  Continued: 


Articles,  and  Countries 
to  Which  Exported 


1917 


1918 


Lampe — 

Arc No. 

Incandescent — 
Carbon  filament 

No. 

Metal    filament 

No. 

Magnetos,   spark 

plugs,  etc 

Meters  and  measur- 
ing instruments 

Motors 

Rheostats  and  con- 
trollers   

Switches  and  acces- 
sories 


Quantity 
1.349 


1,280,666 
13,701,725 


Telegraph  apparatus, 
including  wireless. 

Telephones 

Transformers 

All  other 


Total   electrical 
machinery  ,eto 
Explosives: 

Cartridges,  loaded . . 

Dynamite lbs. 

Fuses _. 

Gunpowder,   includ- 
ing smokeless,  lbs. 
Shells  and  projectiles 

loaded 

All  other 


17,930,665 
438,459,254 


Total . 


Feathers 

Fertilisers: 

Phosphate  rock, 
ground    or    un 
ground — 
High-grade     hard 

rock tons 

Land  pebble. .  tons 

All  other tons 

Superphos- 

r  hates tons 
other  fertili- 
lers tons 

Total tons 

Fibers,  vegetable, 
manufactures  of 

Bags 

Cordage lbs. 

Twine — 

Binder lbs 

All  other  twine 

All  other   manufac- 
tures of 

Total 


12,403 

138,010 

15,945 

b3,844 

174.592 


344.794 


15,242.029 
129.725,374 


Fire  extinguishers    . . 
Fish: 

Fresh,     except    sal- 
mon   lbs 

Dried,    smoked     or 
cured — 
Cod.  haddock, 
hake,   and   pol- 
lock   lbs. 

Herring lbs. 

All  other lbs. 

Pickled,  except  sal- 
mon   bbls. 


12,328,352 


22,920,528 
4,191,334 
1,748,873 

22.801 


Value 
S       16,418 


184,100 

2,884,475 

bl,757.848 

1,213.278 
6.497.722 

b93,6l2 

bl,025,003 

555,703 

2,212.237 

1,747.884 

20,860,605 


Quantity 
773 

627,867 
14,585.166 


65,268,975 

42,122,656 

3.953.374 

bl6.945,589 

337,904,687 

b36.755.525 
202,252,574 


639,934.405 
353.103 


113.392 

548,203 
173,450 

bl06,77S 

5,627,304 


6,569,127 


2.490.921 
3,285,621 

20,161.143 
1,634.406 

3,631.333 


31,203,424 
1,107,445 

915,580 


2,411.843 
276.202 
131.421 


Value 
$   14.139 


102.872 

3.369,192 

2.749,705 

1.887,925 
8,225.197 

288.757 

2.195.300 

378.806 

2.687,483 

3,528.673 

17.845.641 


18.204,644 
229,377,058 


57.771 
64.559 
21.125 

6.991 

74,115 


224.561 


12,684,673 
98,311,229 


236,5791 


8,922,615 


31,404.648 
4.295.251 
2.070.364 

22.396 


69,983,606 

10,764.765 
4,845,888 
3,050,257 

179,648,156 

3.812.608 
41.406.865 


243.528,539 
252.903 


446.419 
303. 7  oS 
163.308 

257.928 

3.359,497 


4,529.910 


2,820.448 
3,397,064 

22,136,268 
1,351,959 

2,836.087 


1919 


Quantity 

1,097,665 
17.071.960 


32,541.826 
1,635,801 

832,968 


4,221.858 
437.991 
222,798 

334,389 


Value 
f   16.893 


202.590 

4,674.317 

3.034,775 

2,891.307 
10,636.476 

614,760 

3.564.789 

830,887 

3.783,398 

3.787.851 

27,827,071 


11.273,528 
6,751,799 


218.539 

128.860 

31.603 

86,852 
188,253 


654,107 


20,285,956 
68,764,147 


10,162.696 


42,058,547 
5,164,727 
1.787,726 


89,089.711 

16,411,597 

2,379,016 

600,718 

5,990,744 

736,251 
2,281,381 


28,399.707 
863,250 


2.321,352 
904.308 
369,113 

2.781,151 

14,533,946 


20.909,870 

5,565,972 
4,316,109 

13,383,847 
1,643,518 

6,204,943 
31.114,389 

784,169 
919.093 


6,560,673 
502.416 
193,036 


18.718     319,202 


SUPPLEMENTARY  TABLES 


673 


Table  Continued: 


Articles,  and  Countries 
to  Which  Exported 


1917 


Salmon — 

Canned lbs. 

Pickled bbls. 

All  other  salmon. . 
Canned     fish,     except 
salmon  and  shellfish. 
Shellfish- 
Oysters  

All  other 

AH  other  fish  and  fish 
products 


Total  fish. 


Flavoring  extracts  and 

fruit  juices 

Flowers,  cut 

Fly  paper  and  fly  traps 
Fruits  and  nuts: 
Fruits — 
Apples,  dried.. lbs. 
^Apples,    green    or 

ripe ._ .  bbls. 

Apricots,  driedlbs. 

Berries 

Lemons  . .  .  boxes 
Oranges ....  boxes 
Peaches,  dried  lbs. 
Pears,  green  or 

rif>e.  bbls 

Prunes,  dried,  lbs. 
Raisins,  and  other 
dried  grapes.lbs 
All  other  fruits.. . 

Dried 

Green  or  ripe 

Preserved — 

Canned 

Peaches 

All  other 


Quantity 
95.662.164 
b671 


Total. 


All  other  preserved 
fruits 


Total  fruits. 


Nuts- 
Peanuts lbs. 

All  other 


Total   fruits    and 
nuts 


Furniture  of  metal  — 

OflBce  furniture 

All  other 

Furs  and  fur  skins: 
Raw  or  unmanufac- 

ttired 

Dressed,  and  manu- 
factures of 


Total  furs  and  fur 
skins 


Glass  and  glassware: 

Bottles,    demiiohns, 

carbo3rs.  and  jars. 

Chemical  glaMware. 

Common  window 

glass,  boxes  (50  sq 

ft.) 


7.852,773 

958.104 
6,728.910 


145,321 
1,860,139 
6,523.700 


48,077.017 
48,446.153 


12.891.286 


728,454 


Value 

12,638,776 
bl7,324 
248,567 

3,220,786 

517,031 
1,051,824 

179.376 


21.845.309 


730,996 

130,938 

99,705 


691,111 

4,496,707 
956,884 
849,764 
583,000 

4,649,893 
616,782 

1,099,028 
4,358,810 

4,401,824 

al.221.681 

b472,226 

b2,374,154 

a2,242,997 

b730,586 

b3,129,614 


6,103,197 


756,301 


33.631,362 


1,093,368 
607,564 


35,332.294 

a811,417 
b207,705 
b633,165 


10,655,995 
3.913.124 


14,569,i;9 


2,542,804 
a65,336 


2,888,645 


1918 


1919 


Quantity 
91,101,734 
2,185 


2,200,483 

579,916 
5,262,206 


193,347 

857,159 

4,839.598 


Value 
$  13.149.307 
55.097 
313,637 

8.609,313 

413,203 
1,006,681 

202,189 


22,888,112 
52,657,814 


12,319,004 


683,215 


29.799,431 


967,421 
173,991 
122,370 


311,350 

3,135,203 

754,780 

887,561 

1,088,823 

4,279,429 

544,455 

928.841 
2,177.976 

4,668,021 


Quantity 
169,750,672 
22.829 


24.704,359 

1,712,367 
37.143,824 


Value 
$  28,714,706 
956,228 
842,464 

6,755,056 

665,694 
1,207,694 

457,436 


752,868 
3,396,709 


1,178.547 
4.134,272 


5,312.819 


1.989,945 


307,916 
1,777.468 
9,022,334 


108,208,257 
110.183,033 


48,093,698 


1,341,656 
171,407 
168,679 


4,109,828 

14,471,282 
8,505,348 
1,181,742 
1,371,848 
7,638,450 
1,559,873 

1,764.671 
15.721.951 

13.089.366 


2,557,451 
4,713,008 


9.489.850 
31.985.772 


30.228,780 


1.602.657 
541.641 


32,373.078 


458,259 
1.356.835 


9.214.067 
2.160.107 


11,374,174 


2.781.076 
179,682 


3,812.653 


19.778.490 


965.970 


41.475,622 


4.518.343 


122.678.783 


2,123.411 
1.462.408 


126.264.602 


900,108 
1,983,488 


16,313,726 
7,474.873 


23.788,599 


5.283,655 
200.969 


6.492.608 


11 


f-: 


- 


Table  continued  on  page  673 


Table  continued  on  page  674 


»! 


674 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


SUPPLEMENTARY  TABLES 


675 


Table  Continued: 


Articles,  and  Countries 
to  Which  Exported 


1917 


1918 


1919 


Cut  or  engraved  glaw 
ware 

Plate  glass,  unsilvered 
Bq.ft. 

All  other 


Total  glass,  etc . . . 
Glucose  and  grape 

sugar: 
Glucose  (corn  syrup) 

lbs. 

Grape    sugar    (corn 

sugar) lbs. 

Total lb«. 

Glue 

Gold  and  silver,  manu- 
factures of,  includ- 
ing jewelry: 
Gold   and  silver, 
manufactures  of. . 

Jewelry 

Grease: 

Lubricating 

Soap  stock  and  other 
Hair,  animal: 

Unmanufactured .  . . 

Manufactures  of 

Hats  and  material  for: 
For  men  and  boys — 

Felt 

All  other 

For  women   and 
children — 

Untrimmed 

Trimmed 

Trimming,  includ- 
ing artificial  flow- 
ers  


Quantity 
5.942.723 


162,076,927 
25,765,875 


177,842,802 
4,216,186 


Total. 


Hay tons. 

Hides    and  skins,    ex- 
cept fur  skins,  raw: 

Calf lbs. 

Cattle lbs. 

Horse lbs. 

Another lbs. 

Total lb«. 

Honey lbs. 

Hops lbs. 

Household  and  person- 
al effects 

India  rubber,  manufac- 
tures of: 

Scrap  and  old. .  .lbs. 
Reclaimed lbs. 

Belting,  hose  and  pack- 
ing   

Boots  and  shoes: 

Boots pairs. 

Shoes pairs. 

Druggists'  rubber  sun- 
dries  

Tires— 

For  automobiles 

All  other  tires .... 

All  other  manufactures 

of 

Total  manufac- 
tures of  rubber. 


51.924 


1,728,250 

8,007,138 

21,685 

1,635,160 


11,392,233 


4,138,254 


3,154,770 
4,526,901 


1,320,369 
2,043,491 


Value  Quantity 

$b96,088 


2,369,958 
4.945,456 


12.908,287 

7.158,670 
961,908 


8,120.578 
639,712 


537,656 
1,196,302 

3,022,087 
3,051.454 

1,583,387 
389,391 


b567,131 
b257,294 


b303,664 
b371,022 


1,150,200 


2,649,311 
1.193.092 


809,026 

2.324.126 

6.108 

648,325 


3,787,585 

1,888,732 
917.650 

5,778,420 


361.203 
763,210 

4,171,599 

3,868,351 
1,218.483 

b469,284 

13,948,234 
2,192,259 

7,795,713 


34,788,336 


6.022.083 


42.740,417 
14,591,733 


57.332.150 
5.809,605 


28,342 


2,213,293 

2.338,147 

54,471 

499.148 


5,105,059 

11,598,857 
3.670.352 


2.931,929 
2,904,234 


772,586 
1.285,110 


Value 
$139,449 

3,155.627 
5.401.395 


15.469,882 

2.552,637 
906.290 


3.458.927 
1.110,837 


516.960 
547.377 

3.003,081 
2.730.208 

680,766 
374,985 


1.273,799 
597.184 


075,668 
9S4.100 


773.910 


4,544,646 
904,030 


866.512 

681.951 

13,864 

215,493 


1.777.820 

2,223,396 
970.598 

5,680,942 


287,883 
502,176 

4.525.243 

2,799,116 
1,684,747 

772,539 

14.511.621 
765.888 

5,762.079 


Quantity 


31.501.292 


7.318.099 


220.380,661 
35.236.948 


255.617,609 

8,486,167 


Value 
8269,125 

4.221,360 
8.328,944 


32,144 


4,654,335 

16,995.932 

467.420 

2.805,964 


24.923.651 

9,075.502 
20.797,504 


8,291,853 
5,070,632 


261.110 
5.794.488 


24.796,661 

13,169.051 
1,970.893 


15.139.944 
1,480.777 


940.325 
1.428,910 

6.039.701 
6.656,036 

1,551,276 
695.962 


1.699,532 
739.785 


1,062.787 
1,336.165 


1.024,036 


5.862,305 
963.156 


3,217.625 

6,290.356 

135.176 

1.252,164 


10,895,321 

1.955.091 
8.832,255 

12.230,615 


808,993 
839,938 

6,100,460 

714,713 
4.551,386 

1,270,506 

28,924,685 
1,557,201 

9,097,773 


63,865,656 


Table  CorUinued: 


Table  continued  on  page  675 


Articles,  and  Countries 
to  Which  Exported 

1917 

1918 

1919 

Ink: 
Printers* 

Quantity 

Value 
8829,493 
422,717 

535,162 
1,896,670 
2.617,143 

Quantity 

Value 
81.040,882 
448.181 

771.282 

787,042 

2,921,474 

Quantity 

Value 
81,712,926 
856,217 

854  279 

All  other 

Instruments  for  scien- 
tific purposes: 
Medical  and  surgical 

Optical 

1  540  979 

All  other 

3.550  261 

Total 

5,048.975 

4.464,111 

12,998,026 
b498,402 

b7l9.626 
b9.820,997 

4,479,798 
5,535,090 

5.945  519 

Iron  ore tons. 

Iron  and  steel: 

Pig  iron 

Ferromanganese 

tons. 

Ferroeilicon    tons. 
All  other.  .  ..tons. 

1,132.313 

377,094 
b2.400 

b6.849 
b269,877 

1,256,383 

996.569 

4.308,746 

3.577 

4,107 
261,891 

806,087 

443,456 
10,327.178 

2,999 

4.493 
313,319 

445.840 

260.876 
11,606,467 

Total tofts. 

Scrap  and  old,  for  re- 
manufacture  . . .  tons. 

Bar  iron lbs. 

Bars  or  rods  of  steel — 

Wire  rods Ibe. 

All  other lbs. 

Billets,  ingots  and 
blooms  of  steel  tons. 

Bolts,  nuts,  rivets  and 
washers Ibe. 

Car  wheels  and  axles. 

656,220 

145,574 
126,184,113 

407,548,738 
1,403,282,712 

2,017,113 

72,265,356 

24,037,051 

3,362,562 
5,046,727 

15,356.275 
59,703,761 

161,391,007 

5,259,622 
4,344.483 
7.315.087 
1,203,811 

2.5a5,117 

627,031 

2,769,483 

269,575 

2,160 
141,942,462 

332,691,869 
1.297,517.621 

1,786,189 

63,465.111 

11,576,721 

63,626 
6,576,362 

12,469,715 
64,575,140 

150,568,151 

5,687,998 
6,889.084 
4.535,553 
1.940.000 

1.905,385 

831.744 

2,499,775 

321,261 

26,775 
135.624,896 

264,342,316 
1,241,433,750 

258,424 

89,023,056 

12,313.183 

700.525 
5,634,398 

8,374,716 
48,297,598 

19.370.787 

7.769.893 
11,843.738 

Castings,  n.  e.  s 

4,508,044 

Chains 

3  318  565 

Cutlery- 
Razors  

4,150,803 
2.379.848 

Table 

All  other 

» 

3.606  376 

Total 

5,901,631 

247,679 

368,203 

2,846,941 

5,236,904 

280.255 

305.985 

2,455,477 

10  137  027 

Enamel  ware — 

Bathtubs No. 

Lavatories  and  sinks 

13,775 

11.940 

13,599 

392,319 
589.110 

All  other 

4  073  455 

Total 

3.462,823 

a65,01 1.793 

b247.303 

b25.033.522 

b6,712.400 

3,041.717 

5  054.884 

Firearms 

Revolvers  and  pistols 

'592,678 

21,014,509 
8,635,963 

512.145 

Rifles  and  shotguns. 

13  414.932 

All  other 

419.221 

Total 

97.005.018 
b27.709,069 

2,314.583 

4.071.877 

bl.480,733 

30,242,550 
27,679,680 

2,191.702 
2.091,812 
2,304,408 

14.346.298 

Forgings,  n.  e.  s 

1.881.814 

Hardware — 
BuUders'— 

Locks 

4.145.325 

Hinges  and  other, . . 

3  268  435 

Other  hardware 

4.267.125 

Total 

7,867,193 

7,330,301 
1.594,952 

2,346,120 

1.199,319 
231,120 

813,945 

79,924 

bl54.388 

6.587,922 

7,711,195 
424.208 

1,974,250 

2,694,755 
130,357 

763,317 
101,254 
315,337 

11  680  885 

Hoop,  band  and  scroll, 

„ Ibe. 

Horseshoes 

Machinery,  n.  e.  s. — 
Adding  and  calcula- 
ting machines.  No. 
Air-compressing  ma- 
chinery  

131,642,772 
18.822,698 

12,991 

113,508,597 
6,399.934 

12,546 

113.871,668 
7.581.585 

28.747 

6.875.-586 
539.452 

3.863.217 
3.761.290 

Brewers'   machinery 

213.590 

Cash     registers,     and 
parts  of — 

Cash  registers. . . No. 
Parts  of 

5,304 

4.399 

18.400 

4.080.588 
294.938 

Concrete  mixers 

246.631 

Table  continued  on  page  676 


! 


676 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


SUPPLEMENTARY  TABLES 


677 


Table  Continued: 


Articles,  and  Countries 
to  Which  Exported 


1917 


Cotton  gins No. 

Cream  separators. .  No. 
Elevators  and  Eleva- 
tor machinery 

Engines,  and  parts  of — 
Electric  locomotivesNo 
Internal    combustion 

engines — 

Gas,  stationary.. No. 
Gasoline — 

Automobile No. 

Marine No. 

Stationary No. 

Traction No. 

Total  gasoline  en- 
gines   No. 

Kerosene  enginesNo. 
Steam  engines — . 
Locomotives. .  •  .No. 

Marine No. 

Stationary No. 

Traction No. 

Total  steam 
engines  No. 


Quantity 

523 
17,629 


All  other  engines.  .No. 

Parts  of 

Boilers 

Boiler  tubes • 

All  other  parts  of 
engines 


Total  engines, 
and  parts  of 


Excavating  machmery. 
Flour    and    grist    mill 

machinery. ._ 

Laundry  machinery — 
Power  machines. . . . 

All  other 

Lawn  mowers 

Metal-working    mach- 
inery   

Lathes 

Other  machine 

tools 

Sharpening  and 
grinding  mach- 
ines   

All  other 

Total  metal- 
working 
machinery . 


Meters,  pas  and  water 

Mining  machinery — 
Oil-well  machinery., 
All  other .... •  ■ 

Paper  and  pulp  null 
machinery 

Printing  presses ...... 

Pumps    and    pumpmg 

m  machinery .• 

Refrigerating  machi- 
ner>',  including  ice- 
making  machinery. . 

Road -making  ma- 
chinery  

Sewing  machines 

Shoe  machinery ._ 

Sugar-mill  machinery .    • 


69 


6,083 

36,768 
10,334 
27,610 
14.031 


88,743 
b6,563 

1,771 
365 
674 

1,042 


3.852 
7,950 


1918 


1919 


Value 
$110,066 
599,793 

2,279,365 

406,227 

840,175 

4,223,095 

2,427,058 

3,237,647 

16.521,444 


Quantity 
511 
21,822 


26,409,244 

2,031,275 

30.666,109 

917,049 

1.083,619 

2,179,212 


34,845,989 

3.834,244 
a9,370.957 
b2.348.172 
b3.812.515 

b8.536,008 


92,434,806 

b497,961 

849,635 

431,785 
298,888 
247,752 

a44,604,259 
blO,  107,365 

b5.459.100 


b3,287,488 
bl3,066,468 


76.524.680 

617,241 

1,747,405 
11,128,470 

1.996,685 
1.606.619 

6,559,643 

1,324,023 

244,944 

8,136,940 

1,663,434 

11,471,779 


47 


1,798 

30,813 

5,483 

26,609 

23,413 


86,318 
16,509 

1,062 
295 
982 

1,027 


Value 
$113,317 
841,171 

2.214,537 

183.200 

478.871 

4.188.675 

2,790,833 

3.332,184 

24.401.779 


Quantity 
969 
22.480 


68 


3.636 

31,358 
10,479 
25,899 
20,586 


3,366 
3,406 


34,713.471 

8.536.113 

27.064,042 
1.337.349 
1.056,884 
1,408,977 


30,867,252 
5,450,418 


88.322 

18,114 

919 
406 
790 
913 


4.415.467 
6.405.728 

24.420.286 


3.028 
3.077 


•  «  •  I 

•  •  •  I 


115,470.806 

1.274.926 

1.435,211 

420,696 
269,136 
239.836 


9.853.507 
11,626.360 


6,161.876 
23,978.554 


51.620.297 

473.001 

2.759,286 
8,730,338 

1,667,622 
1,462,834 

6,008,010 

1,436,110 

696,522 
8,138,590 
1,359,955 
9,468,511 


Value 
$295,746 
1,093,821 

2,601,543 

835,978 

692,584 

4,738,341 

4,362,649 

3,671,905 

20,028.972 


32.801.867 

7.824.599 

28.579,728 
1,229,734 
1,321,314 
1,096,294 


32,227,070 
3,406,891 


6,361,229 
7,916,665 

29,319,190 


121,386,073 

1.165,763 

2.375.802 

796,053 
399,736 
478,583 


10,138.877 
12.490.600 


5.494,060 
30,386,405 


68.507.942 
763.691 

3.613,972 
9,265,319 

3,958,873 
3,827,038 

9.067,458 

2.141.110 

987.912 

12.774.124 

2,839,828 

13,805,940 


Table  Continued: 


Articles,  and  Countries 
to  Which  Exjwrted 


1917 


1918 


1919 


Textile  machinery . . . . 
Typesetting  machines. 
l5^^<^iting  machines. 

Windmills 

Woodworking 

machinery — 
Sawmill  machinery 

All  other 

All    other    machinery, 

and  parts  of 


Total   machi- 
nery, n.e.8. 
Nails  and  wood  screws 

Cut  nails lbs. 

Wire  nails lbs. 

All     other,     including 

tacks lbs. 

Total  nails. lbs. 


gross 


Quantity 


10,136,192 
257,405,398 

43,345,070 


310.886.660 


Wood  screws 

Needles 

Pipes  and  fittings — 

Cast 

Wrought Iba. 

Radiators   and   house- 
heating  boilers .  .  lbs. 
Railway  track  material 
Railroad  spikes    lbs. 
Rails  of  steel . . .  tons 
Switches,  frogs,  splice 

bars,  etc 

Safes No. 

Scales  and  balances . . . 
Sheets  and  plates — 
Galvanized  iron  and 
steel  sheets. .  .lbs. 
Iron  sheet  sand 

plates lbs. 

Steel- 
Plates lbs. 

Sheets lbs. 

Total  sheets 
and    plates 

lbs. 

Shells  and  projectiles, 

empty 

Ship  and  tank  plates, 
punched  and  shaped 

Stoves  and  ranges .... 
Structural  iron  and 

steel tons 

Tin  plates,  and  manu-| 
facturea  of — 

Tin  plates,  teme- 
plates,  and  taggers 
tin lbs. 

Tinware 

All  other  manufac- 
tures of 

Tools,  n.  e.  s. — 

Axes No. 

Augers,  bits,  and 
drills 

FHles  and  rasps 

Hammers  and  hatch- 
ets  

Saws 

Shovels  and  spades. 

All  other  tools 


173.662.402 
284,908,815 

11,650.909 

47,464.317 
512,669 


7.092 


193.731.346 

139.412.620 

1.177.500,237 
352.472,289 


1.863,116,492 


44,308,899 
294,150 

521,469.085 


Value 

4,056.880 

1.300,677 

9.377,766 

1.213,836 


706.535 
1.066.794 

43.027.236 


Quantity 


286.246.454 

434,736 
12.088.147 

3.867,605 


1.482,830 


Total  tools . 


8,566,751 
176,346,045 

26,414,285 


16,390,488 

b661,628 
b269,976 

7,483.216 
16.659.553 

672.331 

2.009,808 
24,023,090 

8,194,270 

387,434 

1.536,830 


13,207,827 

7.540.780 

65.888.695 
18.654,553 


211.327.081 
8,876.249 


125.352.066 
201.560.061 

6.399.793 

22,330,104 
453,537 


6,810 


153,982,456 

91,293,392 

1.236,405,734 
366,062,623 


105.291,855 
b21.404.885 


b2,785.842 
2,258.149 

24,437,289 


41,888,418 
325,048 

6,113.613 

1.023.184 

bl,518.567 
bl.882.857 

568,892 

6,113.514 

509.559 

14,096.939 


1,847,744,205 


65,519,432 
232.729 

579.125.457 


Value 

7,296,607 

1.284,672 

7.049.339 

772,003 


1.154.789 
1.049.595 

42.299.866 


Quantity 


282.986,853 

440,281 
9.921.123 

3,336.570 
13.697,974 

2.368.264 
321,651 

6.665.597 
14.993,957 

548,800 

1.229,083 
26.402,864 

5.582.860 

401,294 

1.359,142 


12.609,628 

6,315,095 

64,678,628 
25.646.749 


Value 

$  14,986.369 

3,932,544 

17,391,118 

1,091,543 


1,141.248 
2.603,407 

73.425.842 


1.129.216 


24.713.5121 


6,542,341 
201,104,501 

36,353,528 


244,370 
10,461,923 


88.379,704 
528,819,507 

*  10,433,339 

55.487.231 
652.449 


7,566 


227,669,237 

89.362.785 

1,590,428,647 
397.525.194 


109.250.100 
22,112,293 


4.321.268 
1,703,724 

21,468,452 


55.850,294 
530,571 

2,467.481 

1,006.848 

2,545,074 
3,285,385 

484.679 
3.790.416 

680.591 
9,140.700 


2,304.985.863 


379,178,652 

393,284 
10.744,696 

4,638.093 
15,776.073 

2.737,716 
535.656 

5.177,752 
35,229.750 

780,143 

2.904,073 
38.979.625 

9.279,955 

738.269 

2.278,921 


15.223,289 

4.838.547 

56.701,651 
21,214.529 


31.781.005 
360.787 

458.134.573 

1,549,128 


20.933.693 


97.978.016 
3.228,454 


1.514,002 
2.609,715 

28,956,816 


36.998.712 
863,447 

3.643.190 

1.613.862 

4.402.039 
5.181.792 

973,547 

4,851,791 

1,398.101 

14.382.767 


32.803,899 


Table  continued  on  page  673 


Table  continued  on  page  677 


678 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


SUPPLEMENTARY  TABLES 


679 


I' 


Table  Continued: 


Table  Continued: 


Articles,  and  Countries 
to  Which  Exported 


1917 


Wire — 

Barbed Ibe. 

All  other  wire. .  .Ibe. 

Manufactures  of — 
Wire  rope  and  cables 
Woven-wire  fencing- 
All  other 

Total    wire,    and 
manufactures  of 

All  other  manufactures 
of  iron  and  steel .... 


Quantity 

433,374.842 

451,301,571 


Value 
$19,775,784 
22.541,224 

bl,465,016 

882,024 

6.578,742 


Total  manufac- 
tures of   iron 
and  steel .  ■  . . 
Lamps,  chandeliers, 
ana  all  illuminat- 
ing devices,  except 

electric 

Gas -lighting  appli- 
ances   

Incandescent     man- 
tles  

All  other 


Total 

Lead: 

Pigs,  bars,  etc. — 
Produced  from  do- 
mestic ore.    lbs. 
Produced       from 
foreign  ore.  .lbs. 

Total lbs. 

Other  manufactures 
of 


61,242,790 
159,072,250 


1,241.960,102 

a2,098,910 

bl70,855 

bl22.660 
bl. 705,873 


107,376,638 
71,961,228 


Total  lead. . . 
Leather: 

Belting 

Carriage,  automo- 
bile, and  uphol- 
stery   

Glove 

Patent 

Sole lbs. 

Upper — 
Calf  and  kip 

sq.ft. 

Goat  and  kid 

sq.  ft. 

Grain  and  split 

sq.  ft. 

All  other  upper  , . 
All  other  leather 


Total  leather  . . 
Manufactures  of — 
Boots  and  shoes — 
Children' 8.  pairs 

Men's pairs 

Women's,  .pairs 

Total  boots  and 

shoes.  .  .pairs 

Gloves  .doi.  pairs 

Slippers pairs 

Harness  and  sad- 
dles  

All  other 

Total  manufao- 

tures  of 

Total  leather, 
and  manufac- 
tures of 


179,337,866 


43.887,849 

15,870.660 
58.227,734 
b2,695.993 


3.521.364 
6.202.076 
5,119.768 

14,843.208 
bl  2,583 
280.698 


4,098,298 

9,560,598 
6,395.758 


16,956.366 
2,287,305 


18,243,661 
3.036,142 


95,234 

1,735,201 

6,931.557 

21,851,727 


7,742,578 

24,168,547 

b66f).449 

10,356.653 

6,244,899 


80,816,987 


4,041,340 
19,684,028 
11,100,933 

34,826.301 

b8 1.889 
338.502 

836,764 
6.575.679 


41.658.135 


122,475.122 


1918 


1919 


Quantity 

526.586,382 

352.177,754 


Value 
$23,492,540 
20.704.603 

4,225.019 
1.036.730 
3.677,127 


63,136,919 
41.160.907 


1,036,299,667 


83,662,322 
108,568.854 


192,231.176 


249.309 

252.284 
3.125.013 


Quantity 

227,250.082 

426.074,277 


Value 
$11,354,297 
24.641.881 

4.379.478 

933,143 

5,090.491 


46.399,290 
48,034,213 


969.273.732 


3,626,606 

5,889.381 
7,606,403 


13,494,784 
1,824.126 


22,320.399 
79,716,316 


102,036,614 


26,748.036 

16,638.326 

24.336,031 

7,028,084 


3,338,349 
6,565,924 
4,292,747 

13,197,020 

13,186 

235,028 


16,318,910 
2.097.877 


163.541 

2,908,890 

4,205.603 

14.164.982 


7,919.776 

9.728,323 

1,868,435 
8,076,984 
3,992,116 


66,126,627 


4,151,222 

18,428,808 

9,710.984 

32.321,014 
153,781 
335,048 

692,291 
3.058.924 


122,661,493 

49,417,827 

104,377,990 

61.096,409 


36.661.058 


91.687,585 


3,534,670 

11,928,156 

6,891,711 

21,364,537 

41.936 

328,214 


350,668 

358,642 
4,557,03l> 


6,206,339 

1.533.364 
4.417.693 


6,951,047 
2,155,324 


8.106,371 
4,241,260 


415,848 

1.797,024 

17,887.322 

54,871.769 


31,821,162 
57,920,607 

12,146,795 
24,205,567 
13,476,716 


218.784,060 


5,930,354 
50,709,841 
18,195,962 

74.836,157 
623.693 
536,142 

1,142.852 
7,253.635 


84,392.479 


303.176.539 


Article?,  and  Countries 
to  Which  Exp>orted 


1917 


1918 


1919 


Leather,  imitation .... 

Lime bbls. 

Malt bush. 

Matches 

Meat  and  dairy  prod- 
ucts: 

Meat  products — 
Beef  products — 
Beef,  canned 

lbs. 

Beef,  fresh,  lbs. 
Beef,   pickled, 
and    other 
cured ....  lbs. 
Oleo  oil ...  .  lbs. 
Oleomargarine, 
imitation  but- 
ter  lbs. 

Tallow lbs. 

Hog  products — 

Bacon lbs. 

Hams  and  shoul- 
ders,  cured. 

lbs. 

Lard lbs. 

Neutral  lard. lbs. 
Pork,  canned, 

lbs. 

Pork,   fresh, 

lbs. 

Pork,  pickled, 

lbs. 

Lard    compounds 
and  other  sub- 
stitutes for   lbs. 
Mutton,    except    can- 
ned  lbs. 

Poultry  and  game .... 
Sausage : 

Canned lbs. 

All  other. lbs. 

Sausage  casings .  .  .  lbs. 
Stearin    from    animal 

fats lbs. 

All   other   meat  prod- 
ucts: 

Canned 

All  other 


Total  meat  products 
Butter lbs. 

Cheese lbs. 

Milk: 
Condensed    and 
evaporated lbs. 

All  other,  including 

cream 

Total,  meat,etc., 
products.  .  .  . 


Table  continued  on  page  679 


Metal  polish 

Metals  and  metal  com- 

g)sition8,  n.e.s.: 
abbitt  metal . .  .lbs. 
Bronse,    manufac- 
tures of 

Ferrovanadium   lbs. 

Nickel  silver 

Tungsten  and  ferro- 

tungsten lbs. 

All  other 


Quantity 


187.944 
4.163,267 


65.471.232 
216.419,599 


67,810,990 
33,399,548 


3,522,640 
7,510,376 

678,128,066 


243,386,814 

372.721.342 

9,423,385 

6,377,226 

49,372,780 

39,294,011 

49.300,143 
2.862,175 


6.730.577 

11,264,664 

7,758.214 

8,295,304 


7,192,918 
53.371,527 

428,575,213 


2,343,398 


2,427,649 
2,323,811 


Value 
$1,066,168 
168.671 
6.800,085 

477,588 


18.258.522 
34,427.132 


8,319,655 
6,796,996 


693,150 
1.192.287 

123.115,384 


54.047,798 

75,355, 13S 

2,015,320 

1,731.531 

9,899.883 

7.088,935 

8,582,320 

514,855 
1,756,681 

1,500,643 
3,570.864 
2.839,432 

1,386,126 


5,420.841 
4,416,452 


369,929,945 

2.660.371 

13,295,706 

51,284,003 

279,547 


437,449,572 
211,453 

669,066 

1,451,031 

2,953,260 

391,746 

4,122,653 
1.070.250 


Quantity 


71,907 
896,307 


141.457.163 
614,341,629 


44,206,020 
69,106,350 


8,909,108 
4.222.657 

1,104.788.081 


537.213.041 

548.817.901 

6.307.164 

5.267,342 

11,632,635 

36,671,660 

43,977,410 
1,630,815 


6,349,602 
6,029,354 
4.037,391 

10,550,241 


26,194,415 
48,404,672 

551,139,754 


2,240,193 


1.612,737 
1,232,260 


Value 

$1,350,721 

105.803 

1.694.651 

481,130 


51.498,010 
109,605,363 


7,921,220 
15,493,321 


2,398.908 
745.977 

315,968.064 


145,674.888 

144,933,151 

1,612,780 

1,776,392 

2,907,894 

8,535.017 

10,258,536 

387,132 
935,048 

1,817,199 
2.125,373 
2.611,680 

2,291,160 


8,819.996 
6,943,692 


845,260,801 
10,868,953 
11,735,266 

72,824,897 

528,607 


Quantity 


63,719 
10,046.120 


.53,868,090 
174,469,914 


42,624,724 
75,686,164 


22.939,589 
38,953,783 

1,190,297,806 


596.799,663 

760.901,611 

22,957,137 

5,791,706 

26,776,978 

34,113,875 

124.962,950 
3,009,164 


8,198,336 
13,889,285 
25,477,028 

20,838,874 


34.556,485 
14,159.721 

852.181.414 


941,218,524 
163,193 

559,332 

1,267,032 

1,774,062 

227,439 

2,545.087 
3.645.838 


2,188,164 


64,626 


38,130 


Value 
$2,400,140 

108,370 
16.695.668 

626.780 


20,673.575 
40.284,962 


8,739,141 
22,025.340 


6.576.760 
6.370,112 

373.913,508 


189,428,837 

237.983,449 

7,725,983 

2.422,364 

8,347,567 

8,632,618 

31,605,886 

632,667 
4,560,278 

2.761.944 
5,911,850 
6,809,834 

4,166.422 


12,949,777 
11.638,397 


1,014,161,160 

17,004,446 

5,349,677 

121,817.737 

2.013.706 


1,160,846,626 
346,431 

718.223 

1,608,086 

95,560 

389,000 

113,276 
3.400.849 


1 

•  «'  J 


Table  continued  on  page  680 


680 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


SUPPLEMENTARY  TABLES 


681 


Table  Continued: 


Table  Continued: 


Articles,  and  Countriea 
to  Which  Exported 


1917 


Mica,     and    manufac- 
tures of 

Moss •  • 

Motor  boats No. 

Mucilage  and  paste. . . 
Musical  instruments: 

Organs No. 

Pianos — 

Player  pianos. No. 

All  other No. 

Piano  players..  .No. 
Perforated    music 

rolls ;-\- 

All  other,  and  parts 
of 


Quantity 


253 


2,603 

3,609 

14,182 

199 


Total 

Naval  stores: 

Rosin obis. 

Tar,  turpentine,  and 

pitch bWs. 

Turpentine,     spirits 
of galls- 
Total    naval 
stores.  ...... 

Nickel,    nickel    oxide, 

and  matte lbs. 

Manufactures  of 

Notions,  n.e.s 

Nursery  stock 

Oakum •  lbs- 
Oil  cake  and  oil-cake 
meal: 

Com lbs. 

Cotton  seed — 

Cake lbs. 

Meal lbs. 

Total lbs. 

Linseed  or  flaxseed   . 

Cake lbs. 

Meal lbs. 


1.493.392 

104,879 
6,517,389 


21,992,820 


2.043,919 


5.536.886 

280,013,565 
125,355,013 


Total . 
All  other .  . 


Total  oil   cake, 

etc lbs. 

Oilcloth  and  linoleum: 
For  floors . . .  sq.  yds. 

All  other 

Oils:     Animal — 

Fish galls. 

Lard galla. 

All  other 


405,368,578 

al81.671,271 

bl  16,31 1,774 

bl3,916,016 


311,899,061 
12,235,325 


735,039,850 
805,195 


Total  animal 

galls. 

Mineral — 

Crude galw- 

Refined  or  manu- 
factured— 
Fuel     and     gas 
oil(c)..  .galls. 
Illuminating 

oil galls. 

Lubricating .  galls. 
Paraffin...  galls. 
All  other,  .galls. 

Total    lubricat- 
ing .^^^^galla. 


119,233 
246,947 
308,183 


674,363 
172,121,195 

1,123,473.047 

658,156.487 

al38,866.971 

b6,277,079 

bl35,293,613 


280.437.663 


1918 


1919 


Value 

74,485 

84.928 

1.461.792 

429,498 

150.521 

1.088,868 

2,263,115 

58.313 

131.457 

1.203,361 


Quantity 
206 


4,895,635 
10.338,578 

677,683 
3,384,920 


14,401,181 

8,936,620 

1,527,353 

1,390,588 

228,043 

256.149 


115,538 

5.477,479 
2,690,453 


8,167,932 

a3,947,689 

b2,975,533 

b357,343 


7.280.565 
245,653 


15,809,688 

365.118 
1,241,404 

92,333 
272,474 
320,364 


685,171 
7,668,312 

45,549,282 

48.953.610 
a26.108.011 

bl. 192.297 
b30,264,556 


1.647 

3.718 

10.106 

175 


779,027 

53.602 
3.717.093 


Value 

74.529 

91,667 

3,663,912 

368,916 

113,062 

1,272,210 

1,949.708 

45,567 

160.511 

1.134.636 


Quantity 


140 


2,271 

4.378 

12,507 

180 


17,469.500 


4.675.694 
7,551,262 

408.196 
2.276.523 


1.209.627 

67.259 
10.682.322 


2.958,154 


69.370 

1.384.250 
10,283,046 


11,667.296 


10,235.981 

6.927.041 
2.152,692 
1.494.203 

239,621 
439.301 


2.966 

32.412 
256.068 


3.814.762 


288.480 


45,392,709 
40,561,673 


85,954,382 
9,371,706 


107,062,754 
2.235,989 


1,115,129 
1,134,142 


2,249,271 
244,733 


2,720,369 


963.980 

394,625,721 
233,507,845 


628,133,566 


327,923,278 
25,828,805 


353,752,083 
104,379,173 


566.763 

44,668 

794,808 


1,406.239 
205.829.030 

1.200,750,319 
491,109,815 


7,059,121 
250,258,132 


2,785,450 

1,369,196 
1,281,507 

638,757 

75,109 

881.812 


Value 

S        109,348 

91.475 

358.851 

544.064 

174.647 

1.656.519 

3.001.994 

57.664 

294.742 

1.698.317 


6.883.883 
20.453,970 

551,847 
10,450,234 


31,450,051 

1,701,549 

2,408,282 

3,237,351 

405,270 

364,510 


26.874 

12.914,900 
7,262.043 


20.176.943 


11,666.844 
846.387 


12.503.231 
3,329.646 


1.087,228.802 
2,637,780 


1.085.551 

144.922 

1.949.592 


1.595.678 
12.084.250 

66.615.743 
50,354,414 


57.564.864      257.317.253 


1,454.437 

74.148.728 


3.180.065 
248.874.663 

584.849.605 
976.305.545 


36.036.694 

1.740.186 
1.936.544 

976.831 

220,029 

2.966.470 


13.149.607 
264.441.551 


75.603.055      277,591,158 


4,152.330 
14,825.202 

30,818377 
118,796,775 


2,123,316 
83,328,083 


86,451.399 


Articles,  and  Countries 
to  Which  Exported 


1917 


1918 


1919 


Naphthas,  and 
light  products  of 
distillation — 
Gasoline . .  galls. 
All  other  (naph- 
tha, etc.) .  galls. 

Residuum galls. 

Total     mineral, 

refined  .galls. 

Total      mineral 

oil galls. 

Vegetable — 

Fixed  or  expressed 
Cocoa  butter 

lbs. 

Cocoanut..  .lbs. 

Com lbs. 

Cottonseed .  lbs. 
Linseed  or  flax- 
seed. . .  .galls. 

Peanut lbs. 

Soya  bean.  .lbs. 
All  other,  fixed 
or  expressed. 
Volatile  or  essen- 
tial- 
Peppermint  lbs. 

All  other 

Total  vegetable 
oU 


Quantity 


t  224.811,491 

191,067,353 
1,051,113 


2,478,997.154 
2,651.118.349 


Paints,  colors,  and  var- 
nishes: 
Dry  colors — 

Carbon,  bone,  and 
lampblack 

All  other 

Lead — 

Red lbs. 

White lbs. 

Ready-mixed  paints 

galls. 

Varnish galls. 

Zinc,  oxide  of .  . .  lbs. 
All  other 


4,709,103 
124,703,506 

1,528,625 


Value 


$  49,049,647 

44,084,597 
107,164 


245,309.164 
252.977.476 


72.650 


Total 

Paper  stock:    Rags.  n. 

e.  8.,  and  other  (ex- 
cept wood  pulp)  lbs. 
Paper: 

Bags 

Books.  mu*ic.  maps, 
engravings,  etch- 
ings, photographs, 
and  other  printed 
matter 

Boxes  and  cartons. . 

Carbon  paper 

Cash-register  and 
adding-machine 
paper 

Paper  board  and 
strawboard 

Paper  hangings 

Playing  cards 

News  print Ibe. 

All  other lbs. 

Tissue  and  toilet 
paper 

Towels  and  napkins. 

Wax  paper 

Wrapping  paper  lbs. 


b2.171,482 
19,737,399 

1.420.299 

903.243 

30.891.886 


32.624.912 


17.303.256 
1.699.897 


Quantity 


351.967.164 

207.401,691 
244,474 


2,508,790,716 
2.714,619,746 


700,149      170,948 
119,067,376 


3.428,456 


190,841 
1,068,796 


24,391,395 


1,149,069 
2,018,996 

b267,238 
2,089,659 

2,133,037 
1,299,955 
3,148.898 
4.809.487 


187.732.739 
94.548.586 


62.485,911 


16.916,339 

780.892 
1,136,272 


11,156,624 

1.125.642 

618,165 


62,182 

2,232,135 

465.814 

388,961 

7,586,374 

8,179,868 

b434,441 

b45,848 

b63.148 

3.987.239 


774.192 


69.606 


Value 


%  85,225.574 

54.368.166 
14.298 


332.181.250 
344,265.500 


5.739.819 
15.588.916 

1.919.384 

698.152 

24.841.747 


32.241.306 


193.477.853 
99.220.241 


69.899.043 


36.540 
23.184.329 

1,162.054 


4.087.932 


202.856 
744.997 


29,418,708 


Quantity 


259.783,919 

112,349,798 
32,999.709 


Value 


61,757.864 

30.291.972 
1.834,296 


2,243,879,734 
2,492,754,397 


1  7,316,255 

1  118,611,743 

1  6,415,054 

193,133,751 

1,525.178 

14,341,803 

127.746.109 


783,408 
2.100,886 

662,584 
1.756.739 

3.323.768 
1.213.710 
2.779.507 
4.891.009 


17,511.611 

670.342 
884.415 


11.493.524 

1.079.413 

579.306 


109.207 

3.055.255 

529.539 

882,370 

7.978.296 

8.710.940 

1.443,578 

83,199 

228,137 

4,828,856 


97,880 


328,951,183 
343,776,385 


1  3,025,748 

1  24,595,143 

1  1,551.319 

40.890,202 

2.606.887 
11.043.115 
16.097,842 

18.506.978 


654.282 
1.367.388 


100.338.904 


6,227.797 
28.033.485 

2.261.914 

1.418.287 

29.410.627 


1.573.740 
3.086.866 

735.177 
3.037,292 

4,699,925 
2,713,727 
3.062.494 
6.601.371 


54.541.361 


220.589,829 
153,327.185 


74.916.830 


25.510.592 

1.533,013 
1,566.373 


18.239,016 

1.351.930 

964.2S8 


132,515 

4,604,048 
899,457 

1,522,516 
10.100,229 
16.160.777 

2.056.607 
180.963 
552.167 

6.664,462 


Table  continued  on  page  681 


Table  continued  on  page  (>82 


682 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


SUPPLEMENTARY  TABLES 


683 


Table  Continued: 


Articles,  and  Ck)untrie8 
to  Which  Exported 


1917 


Writing    paper    and 

envelopes 

All  other  paper 


Total  paper. 


Quantity 


Paraffin 

Unrefined lbs. 

Refined lbs. 

Total Iba. 

Pencils  and  pencil  leads 

Penholders gross 

Pens: 

Fountain No. 

Metallic,  except  gold 

gross 

Perfumeries,  cosmetics, 
and  all  toilet  prepa- 
rations   

Phonographs,  etc.: 
Phonographs,  gra- 
phophones,  etc. 

No. 

Records   and  acces- 
sories   

Photographic  goods: 

Cameras 

Motion-picture 
films — 
Not     exposed 

lin.  ft. 

Exposed.  .   lin.  ft. 
Other  sensitised 

goods 

Other  apparatus 

All  other 

Total  photo- 
graphic goods 
Plaster,   builders'   and 

common 

Plated     ware,     except 
cutlery  and  jeweliy: 

Silver  plated 

All  other 

Plates  and  cuts,  elec- 
trotype,    stereotjije 

or  engraved 

Platinum: 

Unmanufactured 

o«s.  troy 

Manufactures  of . . . . 
Plumbago  or  graphite: 
Unmanufactured 

lbs. 

Manufactures  of 

Quicksilver lbs. 

Refrigerators 

Roofing  felt  and  sim- 
ilar materials 

Salt lbs. 

Sand  and  gravel 

Cotton lbs. 

Flaxseed   or  linseed 
bush. 

Grass- 
Clover lbs. 

Timothy lbs. 

All     other     grass 
seeds lbs. 

All  other  seeds 


al76,159.983 
b42.773,348 
b92, 156.643 


311,089.974 

'  *  "  ioiB.625 
288,642 
416.914 


89,161 


55.947,489 
110,465,195 


3.445 


5.146,816 
■  808,336 


227,985,222 


Total . 


870.282 

5,196 

8,738,668 
13,880,725 

5,426.305 


Value 

3,636.235 

5.374,707 


46.393,655 

a8,790,ll8 
b2,091.587 
b7,025.001 


17,906,706 

2,612,861 
179.983 

203.590 

217.438 

3,847,166 


2,395,775 
1,953,852 
1,281,863 


1,213,417 
6,314,835 

3,352.238 

387,746 

1,138.795 


1918 


1919 


Quantity 


13,688,894 
159.875 


1,559.761 
924.491 


237,793 


234.433 
65,415 


49,563 
891,687 
998,470 
293,520 

4.390,577 

1,000.773 

494.251 

30.476 

24.810 

1.889,329 
993.453 

807,379 
1,288,972 


64,247.056 
171,296.425 


235.543.481 


5.034.419 


Value 

6,113.498 

6.170.601 


54,170,134 


59,666 
161,399 
465,028 


64,459 


71.548,779 
79,888,387 


119 


1,907,719 
'2i32,346 


273,565,496 


1.741,499 

25,508 

5,985,526 

2,952,193 


4.835.567 
17,438.045 


Quantity 


56.868.831 
206,475.791 


Value 
13.188.165 
8.799.550 


86,983,063 


22,273.612 

2.497.208 
114.031 

123.952 

231,345 

3,902,670 


1,906,052 
2,276,357 
1,108,388 


1,745.384 
4.731.382 

2.616.434 

782.177 

1,345,174 


263,344,622 


12.328,939 
174,481 


1,479,014 
1,462,877 


181,020 


13.511 
23.562 

121,555 
731,518 
338,346 
227,403 

4,305,161 

1,677,577 

619.414 

69,707 

134,985 

1.836.124 
881,154 

542,704 
2,031,776 


5.496.450 


112.674 

423.906 

1.098,677 


66,157 


120.041,912 
153.237.260 


610 


1.258,040 
■  '68i3.626 


243.401,706 


1,918,848 

16,596 

7,943,749 
13,346,358 

4,440,490 


4.583,109 
20,233.691 


24.816.800 

3,565.347 
200,354 

409,517 

569,239 

7,324.422 


2,490,719 
3,702,668 
1,648,410 


2.680.263 
8.066,723 

4,208.181 
2.105.061 
1,939,924 


20,648,562 
164,324 


2,569,001 
2,587,785 


389,048 


75,066 
54,529 


90,185 
788,755 
817,428 
274,386 

3,106.826 

1,396,625 

382.070 

88.743 

125.158 

3,206,316 
1,633,271 

717.102 
2,771,836 


8,542.426 


Table  Continued: 


Articles,  and  Countries 
to  Which  Exported 


1917 


Shells 

Shoe  findings 

Silk,  manufactures  of. 

Dressgoods yds. 

Wearing  apparel  . . . 

All  other 


Quantity 


Total . 


Silk,  artificial 

Hosiery. .  .doi.  pairs 

All  other 

Soap: 

Toilet  or  fancy 

All  other lbs. 

Spices 

Spirits,  wines,  liquors, 

and  other  beverages: 

Malt  liquors — 

In  bottles  doa.qts. 

In  other  coverings 

galls 

Total  malt  liq- 
uors   


Spirits  distilled — 

Alcohol,  including 

pure    neutral,  _  or 

cologne  spirits 

pf .  galls 

Rum pf.  galls 

Whisky- 
Bourbon  .  pf .  galls. 

Rye pf .  galls 

All  other.,  .pf.  galls 

Total  spirits, 

distilled, 

...pf.  galls. 

Wines galls. 

Total  spirits, 
wines,  and 
liquors .... 


b2.470,741 


b232,082 


72,462,195 


1,118,433 
234,409 


20,237,500 
745,733 

51,520 
111,202 
418,240 


Other  beverages 

Sponges lbs. 

Starch  

Cornstarch,     except 
for  table  use.  .lbs. 

All  other lbs. 

Stearin,  vegetable,  lbs. 
Stone,     including 
marble: 

Unmanufactured . 

Manufactures  of- 

Grindstones .... 

Roofing  slate 

All  other 


21,564,195 
2,210,049 


110,242 
a61, 115,572 

b24.862.630 

b22,860,866 

1,261,504 


Total 

Straw  and   palm  leaf, 

manufactures  of . . 
Busar  and  molasses: 

Molasses galls. 

Sirup  (i  n eluding 

maple  sirup)  galls. 

Sui^ar,     refined 

(mcluding    maple 

sugar) ...... .lbs. 

Surgical        appliances, 
not    including 

instruments 

Suspenders  and  garters 
Tin  pigs,  bars.etc  .  .  lbs. 


3.932,065 
12,314.270 


1.010.795.831 


411.945 


Value 
S      131.209 

2.340.702 
a4,083,434 
bl. 775,686 
bl  ,077,448 

1,671,014 


8,607,582 

a4l8,023 
b803,751 
b21 1.509 

1,921,860 

5,004,387 

449,717 


1,678.187 
57,091 


1,735,278 


7,650,209 
772,680 

96,806 
221,255 
498,126 


9,239,076 
969,761 


11,944,115 

447,265 

136,198 

a2,375,081 

bl,422,974 

bl. 505,615 

202,799 


572,097 

198,772 

27,113 

1,108,185 


1918 


1919 


Quantity 


$  10,623,304 


1,906  167 
917,018 
636,554 

6,574,837 

64.395.650 


6,020,803 

1589,574 

232.401 


631,571 


116,986,623 


1,077,593 
97,160 


8,557,165 
184,635 

57,454 

72,910 

136,322 


9,008,486 
3,225,048 


85,957 


33,619.821 

16,083.388 

1.019.560 


Value 
$   113,859 
3,024,794 


9,671,058 
3,634,861 
4,675,763 


17,981.682 


5,413,982 
3,184,290 

407,296,324 


40,033 


2,840.729 
565.462 

2,567,614 

10,871,335 

480.508 


2,075,767 
35,479 


2,111.246 


4,704,743 
191,197 

160,265 
240,300 
452,034 


5,748,539 
2,040,815 


9,900,600 

554,186 
147,519 


Quantity 


S  8,985,647 


1,593,818 


157,749,605 


1,006,854 
36,638 


20.311,466 
120,519 

247,553 
842.936 
247.239 


21.769,713 
4,926,425 


1,758,557 

1,020,071 

233,909 


552,361 

210,889 

65.224 

1.208,164 


2,036,538 

849,709 

1,190,911 

2,012,121 

27.038.667 


17,618,028 

1,185,985 

31.9.'>2 


454,602 


179,436,736 

89,704,821 

4,174,586 


6,867,779 
16.731.846 

1,475.407,678 


611.778 


Value 
$  574,575 
6,152,389 


10,225,376 
7,435,929 
6,241,782 


23,903,087 


8,790.722 
903,526 

6,034.2.'^ 

15,266,696 

588,462 


2,179.826 
16.474 


2.196.300 


8,966,819 
179.769 

1,1015.68 

1,560.664 

689.599 


12,498,419 
4,754,765 


19,449,484 

829,462 
331,731 


10,219,799 

5,342,382 

772.115 


770.392 

297.068 

55,164 

1,508,997 


2,631.621 

926,430 

1,311,217 

10,299,244 

114.737,491 


9,017,947 

2,551,858 

415,921 


ri 


f 


■3' 


!l 


i 


Table  continued  on  page  683 


Table  continued  on  page  684 


i; 

II 


!! 


1 


il 


684 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Table  Conlintied: 


Articles,  and  Countries 
to  Which  Exported 


1917 


1918 


1919 


Tobacco: 

Unmanufactured — 

Leaf lbs. 

Stems  and  trim- 
mings. . .  .lbs. 
Manufactures  of- 
Cigarettes...M. 
Cigars  and 
cheroots.  .M. 

Plug lbs. 

Smoking    . .  lbs. 
AH  other 


Total  manu- 
factures of . 


Quantity 

251,291.892 

670.980 

7,019.723 

2,491 
4.941,805 
2.504.744 


Toys 

Dolls,  and  parts  of 
Mechanical  toys. . . 
All  other 


and 


Total .  . 

Trunks,    valises, 
traveling  bags 

Type lbs. 

Typewriter  ribbons .  . . 

Umbrellas  and  parasols 

Vegetables: 

Beans  and  dried  peas 

bush 

Beans bush 

Onions bush 

Peas,  dried ....  bush 

Pickles  and  sauces . . 

Potatoes,     except 

sweet   potatoes 

bush 

Canned 

Corn 

Soups 

Tomatoes 

All  other 


Total  canned . . . 
All  other  Vegetables . 


Total. 


Vinegar galls 

Vulcanized    fiber  and 

manufactures  of  .  .  . 
WallboardsCsubstitutes 

for  plaster) 

Wax: 

Beeswax lbs. 

Manufactures  of . . . . 
Wood: 

Logs  and  round  tim- 
ber  M  ft. 

Fir Mft. 

Pine,  yellow. . .M  ft. 
All  other  logs — 

Hardwood M  ft. 

Softwood M  ft. 

Total  logs.etc.  M  ft. 
Firewood,    and    other 

unmanf  actured 

Timber- 
Hewn  M  f t. 

Hardwood .  .  M  f  t. 
Softwood ...  M  ft. 
Sawed — 

Pitch  pine  Oong 
leaf) Mft. 


Value 

46.542.000 

31,920 

13.293.270 

57,141 

1.434,873 

1,260,185 

395.380 


325.039 


al  ,265,025 

b483,289 

483,302 

b96,196 


Quantity 

403,871,275 

2,955.443 

12.146.539 

22.900 
5.663.614 
6.340.226 


16.440.849 

a658.462 

b248,415 

bl28,817 

bl,031,233 


2.422,602 


2,066,927 

496,231 
143.209 
469,266 
696,721 


a6,605,923 
b3,008.017 

878,852 
b516,846 

844.802 


4,241.501 
2,583.516 
b295,071 
b575,050 
b624,431 
1,372,272 


Value 
$122,699,767 
318.384 
23.723.922 

809,411 
2.0674MB 
2,960.992 

484,841 


Quantity 

765,969.976 

10.724.943 

16,209.769 

50,086 
6,628,350 
6,260.086 


30.047.136 


292,219 

166,970 

1.196,923 


276,091 


2,398,854 
692,855 
322,452 


1.666.112 

359,361 
143,428 
434,615 
629,013 


Value 

S260.442.721 

546.116 

38.063.691 

1.088.631 
2.746.484 
3,260,789 
1,708.427 


46.866.822 


454.770 

224,628 

2,190,131 


5,450,340 
2.215.438 


3,863,187 


277.586 


256.467 


a23.833 

b978 

b2.224 

b530 
bl3.140 


40,705 


23,761,719 

55.483 

1.022,175 

106.118 

95.744 
641.003 


1  517,301 
bl3,202 
b89.324 

b29.335 
b222,816 


14,226.277 
1,112,074 
1,689,457 
1,129,918 


6.834.349 


626,634 


3.795.420 
816.959 
476,106 


2,869,529 

742,382 
320,715 
808,259 
681,137 


195,632 

1,085.173 

479.260 

10.659.454 


12.419,519 
2.204.464 


1  4.897 
a  1.035 

2  2,765 


120,827 


871.978 

246.634 

1  143.003 
2  45,410 
2  84.484 

3,147.663 


318,975 


166.382 


8,216 
6,267 

1.163 
8,385 


24.011 


1.649 
4,637 


35.892 


38.616,058 

89.090 

1.014.765 

421.985 

63,244 
692.132 


3.642.322 


469.316 


19.965,737 
2,095,142 
2.664.511 
2.039.641 


6.475.203 


548,037 
1,980,624 
2.127,896 
6.698.834 


11.355,391 
3,237.009 


210.046 


128.627 
187,801 

60.026 
153.598 


530.052 
176,319 


82.892 
120.756 


1.274.352 


4.924 
7.708 

6,663 
17.362 


36,657 


3.740 
4,769 


154.327 


47,832.634 

136.869 

2.185.262 

1.141,815 

92,286 
1,382,356 


114,939 
137,348 

250,606 
459,202 


962,095 
365.107 


268,754 
149.769 


6,961.471 


Table  continued  on  page  686 


SUPPLEMENTARY  TABLES 


685 


Table  Continued: 


Articles,  and  Countries 
to  Which  Exported 

1917 

1918 

1919 

All  other  sawedM.ft. 

Quantity 
al4.958 
b3,011 
bl0,583 

Value 
$  I  363,305 
bll2,471 
b305,927 

Quantity 

Value 

Quantity 

Value 

Hardwood      M.ft. 
Softwood.  .    M.ft. 

5,662 
27,630 

S      275,592 
745,367 

"5,466 
14.708 

$     330.455 
438.907 

Total  timber  M.ft. 

Railroad  ties No. 

Lumber — 

Boards,  planks  and 
scantlings — 

Cypress M.ft. 

Fir M.ft. 

Gum M.ft. 

Oak M.ft. 

Pine- 
White M.ft. 

Yellow- 
Pitch      (long 
leaO    M.ft. 
Short  leaf 

M.ft. 

AUotherM.ft. 

158.076 
3.800.241 

13.196 

283.758 

23.839 

61,648 

25.824 

328.430 

3.983 
88,951 

4,202.263 
2.717,009 

574.029 
4.764,218 

771.794 
2,775.034 

1,071.994 

8,204,574 

101,605 
2.268,490 

75.270 
2.681.823 

19.906 

272,401 

27,773 

64,663 

21.193 

299.922 

12.267 
92.571 

2.498,959 
2,308,171 

1,215.756 
8,985,716 
1,298,540 
3,710.479 

1.219.316 

9.360.486 

398.224 
3.033,629 

182.934 
4.699,002 

14.865 
301,144 

72.330 
157,937 

24.236 

437.773 

19.884 
69.865 

8.149.346 
4,178,525 

924,668 

9,722.180 

4.033.766 

11,747.120 

1.353.392 

17,733.669 

829,160 
2.572.989 

Total  pine     M.ft. 

Poplar M.ft. 

Redw6od      .  M.ft. 

Spruce M.ft. 

All   other  boards, 
etc M.ft. 

447,188 

10,492 
20,365 
63.655 

a47.628 

b38.477 

b9.401 

11.646,663 

550,159 

662,924 

4.688.193 

a3.175,432 

b3,982,672 

b279,144 

425,953 

23.488 
35,835 
70,675 

14.011.655 

1.556,209 
1,255,092 
7,943,976 

551.758 

35.645 
34.211 
21.685 

22.489.210 

2,694,694 
1,418.159 
1,899,407 

Hardwood  M.ft. 
Softwood.  M.ft. 
Total  boards, 
planks,etc.M.ft. 

Shingles M. 

All  other  lumber    . . 

68.394 
14.681 

8,377,247 
822,848 

102.146 
19.490 

9,113,328 
798.274 

1.019,647 
25.281 

33,870,262 

102,469 

2.126.627 

126,356 

352,825 

al,913,579 

b741,240 

b256,154 
bl.164.196 

1.023.769 
19.892 

49.177.518 

95.872 

2.348.459 

255.378 

380.332 

1,311.210 
16,143 

64.840,806 

89.480 
3.790.325 

Boat  oars  and  paddles 

392.494 

Doors,  sash  and  blinds. 

569.726 

Furniture,  not  metal . . 

Chairs 

1.201,267 

501.478 
1.831.481 

1.503.766 

Office  and  store  fur- 
niture   

872.170 

All  other 

2.559.493 

Total 

4,075,169 

554,258 

607,063 

151.739 

2,125,942 

bl, 194,101 

1,803.875 

3,688,684 

294,248 

375,067 

259.647 

3.469,547 

8.146.828 

3.534.226 

1.310.431 

633.102 

146,987 

2.737,865 
4.427,935 

758,359 
3,605,332 

563,564 

362,825 

164,756 

1.733.872 

9.360,888 

4.935.429 

Handles,  implement 
and  tool 

3,114,641 

Hogsheads  and  barrels, 
empty 

821,841 

Incubators  and  brood- 
ers  

122,521 

Shooks— 

Box 

2.820.541 

Cooperage 

b562,726 

848.665 

60,005,602 

1.542.150 

363,426 

53.373,526 

2.856.771 

479.585 

81.657.792 

8.489.009 

All  other 

545,707 

Staves No. 

Heading 

13.160,377 
591.021 

Trimmmgs,     moldings 
and  other  houae  f ur- 

ninhing^       

521.254 

Woodenware 

529,321 

Wood  pulp tons. 

All  other  manufactures 
of  wood 

34.982 

19.932 

35.799 

3.048.988 
14.748,109 

Total    wood    and 
manufactures  of 

71,362,591 

1,308.698 

bl35.389 
a3.046.651 

87.111.202 

462.969 

2.691.408 
I       8.636.888 

136.786.663 

Wool: 

Unmanufactured  lbs. 
Maniifactures  of — 
Blankets 

1,827.324 

406,944 

2.839.980 

2.230,629 
823.544 

Cloths  and     /lbs. 
dress  goods  \yds. 

}    b2,541.205 

/       3.152,224 
1       5,626,729 

/       7.853.013 
\     12.114,675 

19.800.016 

Table  continued  on  page  686 


1 


I 


686 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Table  Continued: 


Articles,  and  Countries 
to  Which  Exported 


1917 


1918 


1919 


Wearing  apparel  . 
For     men     and 

boys 

For  women  and 

children 


Quantity 


Total  wearing  ap- 
parel   


Woolen,  rags. . .  .lbs. 

All  other  manufac- 
tures of 

Total  manufac- 
tures of  wool . . . 


14,453,980 


Yeast 

Zinc: 

Ore tons. 

Drose lbs. 

Spelter,    cast   in   pigs, 
slabs,  etc. — 
Produced   from   do- 
mestic ore ....  lbs. 
Produced  from  for- 
eign ore lbs. 

Total  pigs,  slabs, 

etc lbs. 

Zinc,  rolled  in  sheets, 

strips,  etc lbs. 

All  other  manufactures 

of 

Total,  except  ore 
and  dross 


Value 
$  a2,401,501 

b856,975 

b8 17.653 


Quantity 


4,076,129 


1,803,675 
8,035,435 


Value 


Quantity 


Value 


3.344,150 


1,179 
26.604,968 


274,564.431 
129,355,352 


Ail  other  articles 

Total  value  of  ex- 
ports of  domes- 
tic merchandise. 

RECAPITULATION 
Carried  in — 

Cars  and  other  land 
vehicles 

American  vessels .  .  . 


403,919,783 
33,027,991 


17.097,279 

820,217 

63.043 
2.126.909 

32,605,767 
12,428,830 


$  2.797.704 
1,441,558 


4.239,262 


55 
31,631.364 


132,736,529 
40,045,871 


45,034,597 

5,730.792 

670.352 


51,335.741 
6,991,245 


172,782,400 
27,750,910 


346,217 
4,014.296 


31,476,118 


$  10,401,744 
4,263,325 


14.665,069 


19,928,071 

1.202.549 

2,480 
2,238,913 

12,469.622 
3,554,608 


16,024,230 

4,566,756 

722,671 


10,245,628 

219.492.151 
24,338,265 


6,169,617,225 


799,616.958 
I  934.196,421 


21,313,657 
5,812.601 


6.047.874.437 


243.830.416 
39.524.516 


5,538.440 
7,005.992 


47.833,061 
1.099,717 


739.295 

17.524.228 
1.929.487 


892,291.357 
965.629.697 


19.453.715 

5,212.002 

538,058 


25.203.775 
14.375.200 


7.750.781.182 


798.496.610 
2.549.641.908 


Abbreviation:  N.  E.  S.— Not  elsewhere  specified. 


TABLE  OF  TIME  DIFFERENCES 
The  hour  which  corresponds  to  twelve  o'clock  noon,  United  States  standard  eastern 
time,  in  various  foreign  cities: 


Aden 

Alexandria 

Amsterdam 

Athens 

Berlin 

Berne 

Bogota 

Bombay 

Bremen 

Brussels 

Constantinople .  . 
Copenhagen .... 


m. 
m. 
m. 
m. 
m. 
m. 


8.00  p 

7.00  p 

5.20  p 

7.00  p 

6.00  p 

6.00  p 
12.03  p.  m 
10.30  p.  m 

6.00  p.  m 

5.00  p.  m 

7.00  p.  m 

6.00  p.  m 


Dublin 

Hamburg. . .  . 

Havana 

Havre 

Hong  Kong . 
Honolulu. .  .  . 

Lima 

Lisbon 

Liverpool ... 
London .... 
Madrid .... 
Manila 


4.35  p. 

m. 

6.00  p. 

m. 

11.31  a. 

m. 

5.00  p. 

m. 

1.00  a. 

m.* 

6.30  a. 

m. 

12.00  Noon 

4.24  p. 

m. 

5.00  p. 

m. 

5.00  p. 

m. 

5.00  p. 

m. 

1.00  a. 

m.* 

Melbourne 

Mexico  City .  . . . 

Natal 

Paris 

Petrograd ...... 

Rio  de  Janeiro .  . 

Rome 

Santiago  (Chile) 
Sitka,  Alaska.  .  . 

Stockholm 

Vienna 

Yokohama 


3 
10 
7 
5 
7 
2 
6 
12 
7 
6 
6 
2 


.00  a.  m.* 
.24  a.  m. 
.00  p.  m. 
.00  p.  m. 
.01  p.  m. 
.00  p.  m. 
.00  p.  m. 
.00  Noon 
.00  a.  m. 
.00  p.  m. 
.00  p.  m. 
.00  a.  m.* 


Note:  In  cities  marked  (♦)  the  time  indicated  is  on  the  foUowing  day. 


SUPPLEMENTARY  TABLES 


687 


RAILWAY  AND  TELEGRAPH  LINES  OF  PRINCIPAL  COUNTRIES 


Country 


Length  of  Railways 


Date 


Argentina 

AnstraUsia: 

Australia 

New  Zealand 

Austria-Hungary : 

Austria,  including  Bosnia  and  Herzegovina . 

Hungary 

Belgium 

Congo,  Belgian 

Bolivia 

Brazil 

Bulgaria 

Canada 

Central  America : 

Costa  Rica 

Guatemala 

Honduras 

Nicaragua 

Panama 

Salvador 

Chile 

China 

Colombia 

Cuba 

Denmark 

Dominican  Republic 

Ecuador 

Egypt 

Finland 

France 

Algeria 

Tunis 

French  Indo-China 

French  colonies,  n.  e.  s 

Germany 

German  colonies 

Greece 

Hayti 

India,  British 

Italy 

Japan 

Formosa 

Chosen 

Luxemburg 

Mexico 

Montenegro 

Netherlands 

Dutch  East  Indies 

Dutch  pKMSsessions  in  America 

Norway 

Paraguay 

Persia 

Peru 

Portugal 

Portuguese  colonies 

Rumania i 

Russia 

Serbia 

Siam 

Spain 

Sweden 

Switzerland 

Turkey 

Union  of  South  Africa 

United  Kingdom 

British  colonies,  n.  e.  s 

United  States 

Philippine  Islands 

Porto  Rico 

Uruguay 

Venezuela 


1918 

1917 
1918 

1914 
1914 
1914 
1916 
1917 
1917 
1916 
1916 


Total 


Miles 


21,880 

24,709 
2,983 

15,739 

13,589 
5,451 
1.030 
1,354 

17,477 
1,824 

37,434 


1915 

438 

1915 

613 

1917 

360 

1913 

200 

1916 

301 

1915 

267 

1916 

5,105 

1916 

6,467 

1915 

708 

1916 

2.359 

1917 

2,556 

1916 

408 

1917 

365 

1916 

4.416 

1916 

2,527 

1914 

31,958 

1914 

2,793 

1918 

1,232 

1918 

1,282 

1918 

2,485 

1914 

39,600 

1914 

2,866 

1913 

1,396 

1915 

140 

1917 

36,286 

1917 

11,891 

1917 

7,690 

1917 

319 

1918 

1,092 

1914 

326 

1914 

15,840 

1914 

11 

1917 

2.113 

1917 

1,730 

1915 

117 

1916 

1,979 

1915 

255 

1913 

34 

1916 

1.724 

1913 

1,854 

1913 

1,069 

1914 

2,382 

1916 

48,955 

1914 

977 

1916 

1,210 

1917 

9,354 

1917 

9,303 

1917 

3,660 

1916 

3,842 

1918 

10.021 

1916 

23,709 

1914 

8,128 

1916 

266,381 

1916 

757 

1916 

340 

1915 

1,601 

1917 

533 

729.845 


Telegraphs 


Date 


Miles  of  Line 


191,6 

53.711 

1916 

63.044 

1917 

13.896 

1916 

32,513 

1913 

16,396 

1914 

5,206 

1917 

1,257 

1912 

3,811 

1912 

36,199 

1915 

3,701 

1916 

43,473 

1914 

1.521 

1914 

4,045 

1915 

4,281 

1913 

3,637 

1915 

1,004 

1915 

2,412 

1915 

18,181 

1915 

42,097 

1914 

11,721 

1912 

5,065 

1917 

2,301 

1915 

1,071 

1915 

4,370 

1917 

9,297 

1914 

120,738 

1914 

9.665 

1917 

3,118 

1917 

10.231 

1915 

19,922 

1914 

148.192 

1914 

6,527 

1914 

5,748 

1910 

124 

1916 

86,067 

1916 

35,415 

1917 

25,821 

1917 

637 

1918 

4,871 

1917 

440 

1913 

22,452 

1914 

528 

1917 

5,175 

1917 

13,109 

1917 

7,468 

1913 

2,485 

1912 

6,312 

1914 

9,321 

1916 

4.671 

1917 

11,382 

1916 
1913 
1915 
1916 
1917 
1916 
1915 
1916 
1916 
1914 
1916 
1916 
1917 
1913 
1915 


153.168 

2.729 

4,381 

29,286 

20,200 

3,693 

23,677 

16,036 

81,000 

32,214 

237,664 

4,867 

323 

2.666 

5.443 


1.567,920 


I 


n 


Continued  on  page  688 


iu' 


688 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Continued 

Railways-Egyptian  railways  include  1,500  miles  in  the  Sudan.  Italian  data  covers 
sixty-seven  miles  in  Libia,  and  seventy-five  miles  in  Eritrea.  United  States  is  exclusive 
of  Alaska  and  Hawaii,  and  switching  and  terminal  roads. 

Telegraphs-Canada  data  does  not  include   11,843  mUes  owned  by  government. 
Egyptian  data  does  not  include  4,687  miles  in  Sudan.    Finland  is  included  with  Russia 
Italian  figures  include  1,779  mil§s  in  Eritrea  and  Libia.     United  States  data  does  not 

include  Postal  Company's  wires.  ««« .    r» 

Miles  of  wire  total  5,816,219,  of  which  1,627,842  are  in  Umted  States;  537,208  m  Russia, 
327,720  in  India;  206,575  in  Canada;  452,198  in  France;  475,561  in  Germany;  218,521  in 
Italy;  116,339  in  Japan;  264,480  in  United  Kingdom. 

DISTANCES  FROM  NEW  YORK,  NEW  ORLEANS,  SAN  FRANCISCO  AND  PORT 

TOWNSEND  TO  PRINCIPAL  PORTS  AND  CITIES 

(Water  routes  in  nautical  miles;  land  routes  in  statute  mUes.) 

FOREIGN  CITIES 


Port  and  Route 


Aden — Suei  Canal 

Cape  of  Good  Hope 

Sue»  Canal  and  New  York 

Cape  of  Good  Hope  and  New  York. 

Sue*  and  Tehuantepec 

Suei  and  Panama 

Suez  and  Magellan  Strait 

Singapore • 

Singapore  and  Port  Townsend 

Antwer 


erp. 

wYc 


New  York 

Tehuantepec 

Panama 

Magellan  Strait 

Batavia  (Java) 

Tehuantepec 

Panama 

Suez  Canal 

Cape  of  Good  Hope 

Bombay— Suez  Canal 

Cape  of  Good  Hope 

Suez  and  New  York 

Cape  of  Good  Hope  and  New  York. . . 

Suez  and  Tehauntepec 

Suez  and  Panama 

Cape  of  Good  Hope  and  Tehuantepec. 

Cape  of  Good  Hope  and  Panama 

Magellan  Strait 

Singapore • 

Singapore  and  Port  Townsend 

Singapore  and  San  Francisco 

Singapore  and  Tehuantep>eo 

Singapore  and  Panama 

Brest,  France 

New  York 

Tehuantepec 

Panama 

Magellan  Strait 

Buenos  Aires 

Magellan  Strait 

New  York 

Bermuda 

w e^^  * oric ■•■•■•«........■ 

Calcutta — Suez  Canal 

Cape  of  Good  Hope 

Suez  and  New  York ■  •  • 

Cape  of  Good  Hope  and  New  York. . 

Singapore ; 

Singapore  and  San  Francisco 

Singapore  and  Tehuantepec 

Singapore  and  Panama 


New 
York 


New 
Orleans 


San 
Francisco 


Port 
Townsend 


6.532 
10.985 


14,499 
3,325 


7.870 
11.409 


12.323 
13,167 
10.182 
11,855 
8,120 
11,250 


14.279 
4.853 


9,723 
14,176 

9.500 
10.800 
15.900 
11.500 


11.075 
12,566 
11,598 
12,278 
9,536 
11,848 


6,516 
7,554 
8,264 
13,671 
7,800 


9.731 
14.184 
10.300 
11,600 
16,700 
11.300 


12.771 
12,971 
13,993 
14,837 
2,954 


12,559 
12.262 
12,745 
14,236 
4.458 


11,311 
14.441 
12,110 
12,512 
15,108 
14,500 
15.064 
9.780 


6.524 

8,229 

9,039 

14.446 

7,600 


11,319 
14,449 
12.885 
13,287 
15,800 
16.270 
15,839 
9,580 


5.868 


676 

■  9,830 
12,180 


6.318 


12,181 
13.405 
14.230 


1,648 

11.239' 
12.838 


6,145 

7,154 

7,840 

13,209 


7.511 
9.059 


11.462 
12,181 
13,694 


6,154 

7,929 

8.619 

13.084 


8,286 
9.067 


3,867 


13.021 

15,371 

8.990 


3.875 


13,029 

15,379 

8.896 


Table  continued  on  page  687 


SUPPLEMENTARY  TABLES 

689 

Table  Continued: 

Port  and  Route 

New 

York 

New 

Orleans 

San 
Francisco 

Port 
Townsend 

Callao — Tehuantepec . 

Panama 

Magellan  Strait.  .  . 


Direct . 


Cape  Town — Direct 

New  York 

Tehuantepec 

Panama 

Magellan  Strait 

Colon  (eastern  end  of  Panama  Canal) . 

Canal  and  Panama 

Colombo — Suez  Canal 

Cape  of  Good  Hope 

Suez  and  New  York 

Cape  of  Good  Hope  and  New  York. 

Singapore 

Copenhagen — Direct 

New  York 

Gibraltar 

New  York 

Tehuantepec 

Panama 

Magellan  Strait 

Guam. 


San  Francisco 

Port  Townsend 

Hamburg 

New  York 

Habana 

New  Orleans , 

Tehuantepec 

Panama 

Havre , 

New  York 

Hong  Kong , 

Port  Townsend , 

San  Francisco 

Tehuantepec 

Panama 

Suez 

Cape  of  Good  Hope. . 

Magellan  Strait 

Honolulu 

San  Francisco 

Port  Townsend 

Panama 

Tehuantepec 

Magellan  Strait 

Kingston,  Jamaica 

Kongo  River,  mouth  of. 

New  Orleans 

New  York 

Liverpool 

New  York 

Tehuantepec 

Panama 

Magellan  Strait 

London 

New  York .,. 

Tehuantepec 

Panama 


Magellan  Strait 

Manila — Honolulu  and  San  Bernardino  Strait. 

Yokohama 

Yokohama  and  San  Francisco 

Yokohama  and  Port  Townsend 

Tehuantepec 

Panama 

Suez. 


Cape  of  Good  Hope 

Suez  and  New  York 

Cape  of  Good  Hope  and  New  York. 

Magellan  Strait 

Marseilles 

New  York 

Tehuantepec 

Panama 

Magellan  Strait 


4.246 
3,779 
9.603 


6,815 


1,981 


8.610 
11,130 


3.852 
3.207 


8,245 
8,107 
3.652 


1.227 


3.169 


9,085 
9,277 
10,572 
11,431 
11,610 
13,590 
16,868 

■  6,288' 
5,569 
6,686 
5,806 

13,269 
1,473 
5,662 


3,053 


3,233 


9,480 
9,192 
10,735 
11,546 
11.556 
13.536 


16,736 
3.876 


2,991 

3,264 

10,142 


7.374 


1,380 


10,146 
11,684 


5.443 
■4.576' 


7,636 
7,887 
5,243 


597 


4,760 


8,865 
8,568 
9,317 
10,830 
12,892 
13.863 
17,318 

■  '4,579 
5,349 
6.085 
4,582 

13,719 
1,165 
6,580 


4.553 


4,507 


8,771 

8.972 

9,480 

10.993 

12.946 

13,986 


17,145 
5,266 


6.398 
7.240 
7,642 
12,734 
5,054 


6,843 


3,079 
3,219 
4,337 


6,360 
6,086 


2,097 


9.062 
8,853 


6,244 

7,169 

8,038 

13,503 


6,424 
7,349 
8,218 
13,683 
6,943 
6,289 


14.747 
16,727 


7,067 

7,930 

8,332 

13,324 


4,012 

4,769 

10,006 
9,700 
9.898 

10,454 

10.014 
10,475 
10,676 
11.229 

3.324 

4,090 

ii.soi 

14,321 
8,900 

11.809 

14,329 

8,700 

7.043 

7.051 

6,406 
8.015 
8,417 
13,509 
4,908 


6.851 


4.006 
3,992 
5.112 


6.368 
5.886 


2,370 


9.569 

8,859 


6.250 

7.944 

8.813 

14,238 


6,472 
8.124 
8,993 
14,458 
7.213 
5.993 


14,755 
16.735 


7,073 

8,705 

9,107 

14,099 


Table  continued  on  page  690 


i 


^ 


»■; 


f1 


I 


, 


690 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Table  Continued: 


Port  and  Route 


Melbourne 

San  Francisco 

Panama 

Tehuantepec 

Magellan  Strait 

Suez  Canal 

Cape  of  Good  Hope 

Mexico  City,  land  and  water 

Mexico  City,  land 

Naples 

New  York 

New  Orleans,  land  and  water 

New  Orleans,  land 

Tehuantepec 

Panama 

New  York,  land  and  water 

New  York,  land 

Tehuantepec 

Panama •  •  • 

Nome,  Alaska 

San  Francisco 

Port  Townsend 

Tehuantepec 

Panama 

Magellan  Strait 

Odessa,  via  Gibraltar. •  •  •  •  ■  • 

Panama  (western  end  of  Panama  Canau 

Panama.  Canal  and  Colon 

Pernambuco,  Brazil 

New  York 

New  Orleans 

Tehuantepec 

Panama 

Magellan  Strait 

Port  Said.  Egypt 

New  York 

Tehuantepec 

Panama 

Port  Townsend 

Tehuantepec 

Panama «•  ■   -■ ; 

Punta  Arenas  (Magellan  Strait)   

Rio  de  Janeiro 

New  York 

New  Orleans 

Tehuantepec 

Panama 

Magellan  Strait 

San  Francisco 

Tehuantepec 

Panama 

Petrograd — Direct 

New  York 

San  Juan,  P.  R 

New  York 

New  Orleans 

Tehuantepec 

Panama 

Magellan  Strait 

Shanghai 

San  Francisco 

Port  Townsend 

Tehuantepec 

Panama 

Sues 

Cape  of  Good  Hope 

Singapore 

San  Francisco 

Port  Townsend 

Suez 

Cape  of  Good  Hope 

Yokohama  and  Panama 

Yokohama  and  Tehuantepec 

Sitka,  Alaska 

San  Francisco 

Port  Townsend 

Tehuantepec 

Panama 

Magellan  Strait    


New 

York 


New 
Orleans 


10.231 

10.028 

9.852 

12,880 

12,981 

12,670 

2,399 

2,898 

4,172 

■  V,74i  ■ 

1.372 


5,896 
5,555 
7,130 
8.010 
15.840 
5,370 


2.028 
3.696 


5.122 


3.199 
5,190 
6.080 
6.890 
4.778 


3.191 
4.415 
5.305 
4.632 

1,428 


8.741 

8.489 

9.965 

10.855 

12.360 

14.593 

10.693' 

10.405 

10.170 

12.355 

13.104 

12.209 


4.493 
3.931 
5,748 
6.607 
14.391 


9,522 

9.427 

8.604 

13.143 

14,303 

12.933 

1.172 

1.526 

5,562 


1,741 
1.372 


5.187 
5.335 
5.902 
7.410 
16.249 
6,760 


1.427 
3.969 


6.509 


2.979 
3.966 
5.479 
7.340 
5.218 


2.482 
3,191 
4,704 
6,223 

1,539' 


San 
Francisco 


Poit 
Townsend 


8,032 

8,269 

8,741 

10,254 

13.750 

14.806 

"9.984* 

10.185 

11.560 

12,914 

12.503 

10.961 


3.784 
3.711 
4.493 
6,006 
14.841 


7,040 


2.142 
2.512 

7.363 
2.482 

3.191 
4.704 
3.191 

4.415 
5.305 
2.075 


3.277 


6.887 
6.451 
6.591 
6.530 
9.439 

8,32i* 
9.160 
9.562 
775 


6.199 


7.969 
7.700 
7.730 
7,678 
8,339 


7,823 

4,619" 
4,021 
4.182 
4.345 
12.199 
6.550 


7,502 


r,3ll 


2.917 
3,349 

7.369" 
2.979 

3.966 
5,479 
3,199 

5.190 
6.080 
2.356 


4,052 


6,895 
6,^8 
7,366 
7,305 
10.214 

■  8.327 " 

9.935 

10.337 


6,958 


7.977 
8.197 
8.505 
8.453 
9.114 
775 


7.829 

■'4,627 
4.518 
4.957 
5.120 

12,974 
5.290 


7.206 


1.302  732 


Table  continued  on  page  691 


SUPPLEMENTARY  TABLES 

691 

Table  Continued: 

Port  and  Route 

New                  New 
York               Orleans 

San 
Francisco 

Port 
Townsend 

Tehuantepec — western  end  of  railroad 

Eastern  end  of  railroad 
Tutuila 

San  Francisco 

Valparaiso 

San  Francisco 

Tehuantepec 

Panama 

Magellan  Strait.  .  . 
Vladivostok 

San  Francisco 

Port  Townsend 

San  Francisco  and  Tehuantepec 

San  Francisco  and  Panama .... 

Magellan  Strait 

Wellington.  New  Zealand 

San  Francisco 

Tehuantepec 

Panama 

Magellan  Strait .... 

Suez 

Cape  of  Good  Hope 
Yokohama , 

Honolulu 

San  Francisco , 

Port  Townsend .... 

Honolulu  and  Tehuantepec .... 

San  Francisco  and  Tehuantepec 

Honolulu  and  Panama 

San  Francisco  and  Panama .... 

Magellan  Strait 

Singapore  and  Suez 

Cape  of  Good  Hope 


2.036 

'7,34i ' 

*8'.33i ' 
5.480 
4.637 
8,460 


7,897 

7,556 

9,122 

10,001 

17.036 


812 

'6.632" 

"7,622' 
4,256 
4.035 
8,733 


7,188 
7,336 
8,874 
9.410 
17.445 


9,100 

8,344 

8,540 

11,500 

14,230 

13,710 


7,727 

7.439 

9.243 

8.986 

10.093 

9,869 

16.205 

13.040 

15.020 


8,391 

7,096 

7,939 

11.773 

15.620 

14,058 


7,018 

7,219 

7,995 

7.762 

9.492 

9.268 

16.614 

14,471 

51.443 


2.189 
'4,150 
'5,140' 

'4,766 


5,909 


2,964 

4.667" 

'5.962' 

'4,357 


4.536 
5.500 


6.415 


4.240 
6.770 


Note:  Distances  as  given  are  chiefly  by  water.  Distance  from  Colon  to  Panama  by  Panama  Canal.  47  miles. 
Distance  from  Coatzacoalcos  (eastern  end  of  Tehautepec  Railway)  to  Salina  Cruz,  (western  end  of  Tehuantepec 
Railway),  190  miles.  • 

AUTOMOBILE  CENSUS  OF  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES 

Estimated  as  of  January  1,  1920. 


Algeria 

7.200 

Anc^ntina 

26.500 

Australia 

27.000 

Austria 

19.300 

Barbadoes 

700 

Belgium 

12.000 

Bolivia 

550 

Brazil 

12.500 

British  East  Africa 

900 

British  Honduras 

60 

British  South  Africa 

14.000 

British  Guiana 

750 
1.000 

Bulgaria 

Canada      

350.000 
3,500 

Ceylon 



Chile 

8,550 

China 

2,500 

Cochin-China 

1,000 

Colombia 

1,200 

Costa  Rica 

400 

Cuba 

22,000 

150 

7.000 

1..500 

Curacao 

Denmark 

Dominican  Reoublic 

Dutch  East  Indies 

12,500 
100 
450 

Dutch  Guiana 

Ecuador 

Egypt 

1,500 

Finland 

2,000 

202,000 

100 

75,000 

France 

French  Guiana 

Germany 

Great  Britain 

255.000 
1,000 

Greece 

Guadeloupe 

300 

Guatemala 

350 

Haiti 

300 

Hawaiian  lalands 

6,500 

Honduras 

India 

Italy. 

Jamaica 

Japan 

Martinique 

Mexico 

Morocco 

Netherlands 

Newfoundland 

New  Zealand 

Nicaragua 

Norway 

Panama 

Paraguay 

Peru 

Philippine  Islands 

Porto  Rico 

Portugal 

Portugeuse  East  Africa 

Rumania 

Russia 

Salvador 

Siam 

Spain 

Straits  Settlements 

Sweden 

Switzerland 

Trinidad 

Tripoli 

Tunis 

Turkey 

Uruguay 

Venezuela 

Miscellaneous  Asia  and  Africa 


Total. 


125 

18,680 

35.600 

1.650 

5.000 

540 

16,500 

1.000 

20.000 

500 

16.300 

200 

5,000 

600 

100 

2.000 

10.000 

5.085 

5.000 

150 

2.500 

15.000 

100 

1.300 

14,850 

3.500 

10.000 

14,000 

850 

700 

500 

500 

5300 

2,000 

1.000 


1.293.890 


,: 


i 


< 


I 


692 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


WORLD'S  PRODUCTION  OF  COCOA 

(1917) 


Pounds 

English  colonies 

Ecuador 

Brazil 

San  Tomaso 

Fernando  Po 

Venezuela 

San  Domingo 

320.020.000 

88.184.000 

121.253.000 

67.999,000 

8,261,000 

41,887,000 

54.674.000 

3.402.000 

Jblayti 

Cuba 

Java 

Surinam 

French  Colonies 

3.307,000 
2,546,000 
4,248,000 
3.527,000 
1.724,000 

Belgian  Congo 

German  colonies 

Other  countries 

8.818.000 
1,239,000 

ti-^AaI                                                                                 • • •...•••• 

731,089,000 

1  otai 

In  the  year  1916  the  total  was  650,357,000  pounds;  in  1915,  656,971,000  pounds,  and 
in  1914,  611,336,000  pounds. 


WORLD'S  PRODUCTION  OF  COFFEE 

(1895-1917) 


With  share  produced  in  BrazU.     (In  bags  of  132  pounds). 


Year 


World 


Brazil 


Year 


World 


Brasil 


1896-96 .  . 
1896-97 .  . 
1897-98. . 
1898-99 .  . 
1899-1900 
1900-01 .  . 
1901-02.  . 
1902-03 .  . 
1903-04 .  . 
1904-05.  . 
1905-06 .  . 
1906-07.  . 


18,395,000 
13.915,000 
16,050,000 
13,225.000 
13,805,000 
15,070,000 
19,790,000 
16.665,000 
15,992,000 
14,446.000 
14.792,000 
23,786,000 


6,005,000 

9,315,000 

11.210,000 

9,320,000 

9,425,000 

11,285,000 

16,145,000 

12,945,000 

11,101.000 

10.523,000 

10,884,000 

20,190,000 


1907-08 . 
1908-09. 
1909-10. 
1910-11. 
1911-12. 
1912-13. 
1913-14. 
1914-15. 
1915-16. 
1916-17. 
1917-18. 


14,862,000 
16,918,000 
19.115.000 
14.524,000 
17,409.000 
16.373.000 
19,612,000 
17,886,000 
19,620,000 
16,373.000 
22.000,000 


11.001.000 
12,419,000 
14,944,000 
10,548,000 
12,401,000 
11,456,000 
13,840,000 
12,867,000 
13.816,000 
11,450,000 
17,000,000 


WORLD'S  PRODUCTION  OF  TEA 


Country 


Pounds 


Country 


Pounds 


British  India 

Ceylon .•  •  r 

China  (for  exportation) 
Japan  (for  exportation) 


300,000,000 

200,000,000 

200.000,000 

75,000,000 


Formosa. . 
Java 

Total 


150.000.000 
50.000.000 


975.000.000 


SUPPLEMENTARY  TABLES 


WORLD'S  PRODUCTION  OF  CORN 


Countries 


1916 
Bushels 


Countries 


North  America 

United  States 

Canada: 

British  Columbia 

Ontario 


Total. 
Mexico . . . 


ToUl, 


Argentina. 

Chile 

Uruguay. . 

Total. 


South  America 


•  •  •  •  I 


Europe 
Austria-Hungary : 
Austria  (1916) 


Hunfw^ 

CrotiapSlavonia 

Bosnia-Hersegovina . 

Total 


Bulgaria  (1915) . 
France  (1915) .  . 


2,566,927.000 


6.960,000 
322,000 


6,282,000 
110,065,000 


2,683,274,000 


161,133,000 
1,570,000 
4,604,000 


167,307,000 


8,050,000 

180,550,000 

25,000,000 

7,000,000 


220,600,000 

35,000,000 
17,104.000 


Italy 

Portugal  (1915). 
Rumania  (1915) . 

Russia , 

Serbia  (1915) . . . 

Spain 

Switzerland.  . . . 


Total. 


Asia 

British  India 

Japan 

Plulippine  Islands. . . 


Total. 


Africa 

Algeria 

Egypt 

Union  of  South  Africa. 


Total . 


Australia . 
New  Zealand. 


Anstralasia 


Total 

Grand  Total . 


WORLD'S  PRODUCTION  OF  OATS 


Countries 


1916 


Countries 


United  States 

Canada 

Mexico  (1907) 

Argentina 

Chile 

Uruguay 

Austria-Hungary  (1915), 

Belgium 

Bulgaria 

Denmark 

Finland  (1914) 

France 

Germany  (1918) 

Italy 

Luxemburg 

Netherlands 

Norway 

Rumania 

Russia  (in  Europe) ...... 


Bushels 

1,251,837,000 

410.211,000 

15,000 

76,280,000 

6,350,000 

2,283,000 

147,550,000 


7,372,000 

61,656,000 

19,572,000 

277,179,000 

412,400,000 

26,076,000 

2,720,000 

22,240,000 

13,502,000 

28,935,000 

843,249,000 


Poland  (1916) 

Caucasia  (1915) 

Serbia  (1915) 

Spain 

Sweden 

United  Kingdom: 

England 

Wales 

Scotland 

Ireland 

Russia  in  Asia 

Algeria 

Tunis 

Union  of  South  Africa . 

Australia 

New  Zealand 


Grand  Total, 


693 


1916 
Bushels 


81,547.000 
9,275,000 
86,412,000 
80,727,000 
12,000.000 
25,642,000 
150,000 


571,457,000 


100,080,000 

4,102.000 

14,083,000 


118,265,000 


68,362,000 
26,304,000 


94,666,000 


6,794.000 
340.000 


7.134,000 
3.642.103,000 


1916 


Bushels 
84,412,000 
25,267,000 
4,000,000 
32,163,000 
93,089,000 

77,676,000 
8,237,000 
37,362.000 
62,774,000 
84,839.000 
13.140.000 
2,067.000 


16.539.000 
7.653.000 


4,138,050,000 


WORLD'S  PRODUCTION  OF  RYE 

Countries 

1916 

Countries 

1916 

Germany 

Bushels 

360,330,744 

4.5,472,008 

7.622.240 

13.289.582 

26,103.555 

33.150,236 

217,755 

126,059 

4,362,205 

496,535 

828,566 

15,870,669 

2.928.456 

Russia  in  Europe 

Sweden 

Bushels 
893,359,263 

Hungary 

23,134.566 

Bulgaria   

Swit  zerland 

2,059,055 

Denmark 

Canada 

United  States 

2.394,192 

Spain 

54,052,126 

France 

Russia 

Argentina 

23,213.177 

Great  Britain  and  Ireland 

2,007,874 

Greece 

Chile 

186,724 

Italy 

Union  of  South  Africa 

724 

Luxemburg 

Australia 

133,858 

Total 

Netherlands 

1.511,340,169 

Rumania 

t 


i 


i 


4 


iji 


! 


I 


! 


694 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


WORLD'S  WHEAT  PRODUCTION 

Principal  wheat  producing  countries  of  the  world,  showing  the  annual  average  prior 
to  the  war  and  yearly  production  during  the  war. 


Country 


Annual  Aver. 

1912-13-14 

Bushels 


1915 
Bushels 


1916 
Bushels 


1917 
Bushels 


1918 
Bushels 


United  States I«r'2SS'SSS 

Russia.  Europe |8J.500.000 

ivance ■.■.■.■.■■.*■....•      335.600.000 

Canada.::: 205.700.000 

Italy 

Germany 

Argentina 

Hungary 

Russia,  Asiatic 

Spain.. 

Australia 

Rumania 

Austria 

England 

Bulgaria 

Turkey,  Asiatic 

Egypt 

Algeria 

Japan 

Turkey,  European ..... 


183,100,000 

163,700.000 

155,900.000 

150,000,000 

132,400.000 

112,700,000 

91,800,000 

73,700,000 

61,600,000 

55,600,000 

40,200,000 

*•  35,000,000 

34.100,000 

31,300,000 

24,900,000 

*  18,000,000 


1,025,800,000 
525.673,000 
376,231,000 
222,776,000 
426,747,000 
170,-541,000 
141,676.000 
169,165.000 
152.934,000 
94,556,000 
139,298,000 
25,677,000 
89,241,000 
28,286.000 
68.437,000 
46,212,000 
"  35,000.000 
39.144.000 
34.654.000 
26.778.000 
•  18,000,000 


636,318.000 
440,082.000 
323,008,000 
204.908,000 
262,781,000 
176.530.000 

*138.000.000 
172.620.000 

♦147.000,000 

*  80.000,000 
152.329.000 
192,041.000 

78..520.000 

*  23,000,000 
53,262,000 
38.241,000 

*  30.000,000 
36,543,000 
29.151,000 
30.047.000 

*  15.000.000 


636.665,000 

♦400.000.000 

379.232.000 

141.149.000 

233.743.000 

139.999.000 

♦102,000,000 

170.224.000 

♦118.000,000 

♦  70.000.000 
141.087.000 
150.800,000 

45,000.000 

♦  20,000,000 
55,000.000 

♦  30.000.000 

♦  28,000,000 
29,834.000 
29,979.000 
26.532.000 

♦  15.000.000 


917,100.000 

♦350,000.000 

♦300,000.000 

225.000.000 

190,000,000 

168,000,000 

♦110,000.000 

160.000.000 

103.000,000 

♦  55.000.000 
130,000.000 

75,000,000 
35,000.000 

♦  21.000,000 

♦  85,000,000 

♦  29,000.000 

♦  25.000.000 
31.000.000 

♦  30.000,000 
25,000,000 

♦  15.000,000 


♦Estimate 


WORLD'S  PRODUCTION  OF  POTATOES 


Country 


1912 


1913 


1915 


1916 


Germany 

Russia  (in  Europe) 

Poland 

France 

Austria 

Hungary 

United  States 

Ireland 

England 

Belgium 

Netherlands 

Italy 

Switzerland 

Spain 

Sweden 

Norway 

Denmark 

Canada 

Japan 

Australia 

Argentina 


1,844,863,000 
925,775.000 
411,281,000 
552,074,000 
460,821.000 
197.812.000 
420.647.000 
95.077.000 
78.961.000 
121.481,000 
157.810,000 
56.313,000 
40.785.000 
93,089.000 
6.5,760,000 
29,825,000 
32,629.000 
84,885,000 
25,669.000 
11,2.56.000 
38,029,000 


1,988,. 59 1,000 
874,000,000 

No  data 
477,111.000 
424.457.000 
179,133.000 
331.525.000 
139.602.000 
102.834.000 
117.613.000 
91.9.57,000 
56.0.36,000 
44,974.000 
90,000,000 
75.367.000 
27,7.56,000 
42,232,000 
78,.544,000 
25,000,000 
15,618.000 
40,418,000 


1,983,000,000 
714,000,000 
315.000,000 
333,000,000 
327,000,000 
190,000,000 
360.000,000 
138,000.000 
101.000,000 

No  data 
127.000.000 
57.000,000 
39,000,000 
77,000,000 
79,000.000 
19,000,000 
43,000,000 
62,000,000 
26.000,000 
16,000.000 
38,000,000 


882,000,000 

662,000,000 
No  data 

336,000.000 
No  data 
No  data 

287,000,000 
91.000,000 
88.000.000 
No  data 
29,000.000 
54,000,000 
18,000,000 
No  data 
55,000,000 
29,000,000 
27,000,000 
63,000,000 
39,000.000 
12,000,000 
31,000,000 


WORLD'S  WINE  PRODUCTION 
(1916) 


Country 


Gallons 


Country 


Gallons 


Algeria 

Argentina 

Australia 

Austria 

Bra«U 

ChUe..............  ..;•• 

France  (including  Corsica) 


206,646,827 

121.276,.500 

6,604,250 

6.604,2.50 

21.133,600 

60,7.59,100 

1,005.668,773 


Italy 

Portugal 

Russia 

Spain 

Switierland . . 

Tunis 

United  States 


1,022,3.37,900 
143.946.2,33 
39.622..500 
614.776,424 
11,464,978 
12,151.820 
41,696,026 


SUPPLEMENTARY  TABLES 


Tons  of  2,240  pounds 


United  States: 

Beet  industry 

Louisiana  and  Texas . 

Hawaii 

Porto  Rico 

Virgin  Islands 


North  America 


Total  United  States 

Total  United  States  (tons  of  2,000  lbs.) , 


Canada 

Cuba 

Banto  Domingo  and  Haiti. 

British  West  Indies 

French  West  Indies 

Mexico 

Central  America 


Total  North  America 

Total  North  America  (tons  of  2,000  lbs.) 

South  America 

Argentina 

Brazil 

British  Guiana 

Peru. 


Other  South  America . 


Total  South  America 

Total  South  America  (tons  of  2,000  lbs.) 

Europe 

Germany 

Czecho-Slovakia 

Poland 

Russia  and  Ukraine 

France 

Belgium 

Netherlands 

Sweden 

Denmark 

Italy 

Spain 

Other  Europe 


Total.  Europe 

Total,  Europe  (tons  of  2,000  lbs.) . 

Africa 

Natal 

Mauritius  and  Reunion 

Mozambique 

Kgypt 

Other  Africa 


India . 
Java. 


Total  Africa 

Total.  Africa  (tons  of  2.000  lbs.) .... 

The  Far  East 


Japan  and  Formosa. . . . 
Philippines  (shipments) . 
Australia  and  Fiji 


Total,  Far  East 

Total.  Far  East  (tons  of  2,000  lbs.) 


Worid's  total 

World's  total  (tons  of  2,000  lbs.) 

Estimated  decrease  in  world's  production 

Estimated  decrease  in  world'n  production  (tons  of  2.000  lbs.) . 


1919-20 


695 


SUGAR  CROPS  OF  THE  WORLD  FOR  1919-20  AND  1918-19 

(Estimate  by  Willett  and  Gray) 


1918-19 


710,000 

680,500 

118,000 

20S,.500 

562,500 

536,000 

393,000 

362,500 

12,500 

10,000 

1,796,000 

1,797,.500 

2,011,520 

2,013,200 

20,000 

22,000 

4,300,000 

3.967,000 

200,000 

165,000 

210.000 

200,000 

50,000 

55,000 

60.(500 

60,000 

45,000 

55,000 

6,681,000 

6,321,500 

7.482,720 

7,080,080 

250,000 

130,000 

175,000 

275,000 

100,000 

95,000 

250.000 

300.000 

35,000 

45,000 

810,000 

845,000 

907,200 

946,400 

950,000 

1,342,000 

700,000 

700,000 

300,000 

300,000 

100,000 

400,000 

165,000 

115.000 

125,000 

80.000 

240,000 

170.000 

140,000 

120,000 

125,000 

140,000 

128,000 

65,000 

120,000 

146,000 

35,000 

20,000 

3,128,000 

3,598,000 

3,503,360 

4.029.760 

160,000 

145,000 

287,000 

300,000 

50,000 

50,000 

100,000 

100,000 

15,000 

10,000 

612.000 

60.1,000 

685.440 

677,600 

2,500.000 

2,337,000 

1,300,000 

1,625,000 

300,000 

300.000 

220,000 

192.000 

235,000 

225,000 

4,555.000 

4,679.000 

5.101,600 

5,240,480 

15.786,000 

16,048,500 

17,680,320 

17.974,320 

262,500 

294.000 

The  above  figures  expressed  in  terms  of  refined  sugar,  show  a  production  of  14,740,360 
long  tons  (16,509,202  ordinary  tons)  for  1919-20,  as  compared  with  a  production  in  1918-19 
of  14,995,957  long  tons  (16,795,380  ordinary  tons). 


i  i: 


{ 


^ 


696 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


II 


WORLD'S  PRODUCTION  OF  IRON  AND  STEEL 

Statistics  mmniled  bv  National  Federation  of  Iron  and  Steel  Manufacturers: 


Year 


United 
Kingdom 


United 
States 


Germany  (a) 


France 


PiQ  Ibon 


1900.. 

1905. . 

1910.. 

1911.. 

1912.. 

1913., 

1914., 

1915. 

1916. 

1917. 

1918. 


1900... 

1905 . . . 

1910... 

1911.. 

1912.. 

1913.. 

1914.. 

1915.. 

1916.. 

1917.. 

1918.. 


Steel 


Long  Tons 

8,960.000 
9,608,000 

10.012.000 
9,526,000 
8,751.000 

10,260.000 
8,924,000 
8,794,000 
9.048,000 
9.420,000 
9,066,000 


4,901.000 

5,812,000 

6,374,000 

6,462,000 

6,796,000 

7,664.000 

7,885,000 

(c)  8,550,000 

(c)  9,196,000 

(c)  9.804.000 

(c)  9.591,000 


Long  Tons 

13,789,000 
22.992,000 
27.304.000 
23,650,000 
29,727,000 
30,966,000 
23,332,000 
29,916,000 
39,435,000 
38,621,000 
39,052,000 


10,188.000 
20,024,000 
26.095.000 
23,676,000 
31,251,000 
31.301,000 
23.513,000 
32,151,000 
42,774,000 
45.061,000 
45,073,000 


Metric  Tons 

8,521,000 
10,988,000 
14,793,000 
15,534,000 
17,753.000 
19.292,000 
14,392,000 
11,790,000 
13,285.000 
13.142,000 
(a)  11.590,000 


6,646,000 
10,067,000 
13,699,000 
15,019,000 
17,302,000 
18,959,000 
14,973.000 
13,258,000 
16,183,000 
16,587,000 
(a)  14,874,000 


Metric  Tons 

2,714,000 
3,077.000 
4,032,000 
4,426.000 
4.939,000 
5.207,000 
(b) 

1,447,000 
1,684.000 
1,297,000 


1,565.000 
2.240,000 
3,390,000 
3,681,000 
4.428.000 
4,687,000 

(b) 

(b) 

1,952,000 
2,232,000 
1,912.000 


turns,     (c)  Including  steel  castings. 

WORLD'S  PRODUCTION  OF  COAL 

(in  short  tons) ___^^ 


Year 


United  States       United  Kingdom 


Germany 


World 


Per  Cent 
United  States 


1870 

1880 
1890 
1900 
1910 
1913 
1914 
1915 
1916 
1917 
1918 


33,036,000 
71,482,000 
157.771.000 
269.684,000 
501,596,000 
570.048,000 
513,525,000 
531,619,000 
590,098,000 
651,402,000 
685,350,000 


123,683,000 
164,606,000 
203,408,000 
252,203,000 
296,105,000 
321,922,000 
297,699,000 
283,561,000 
287,118,000 
278,290,000 
255,000,000 


37,488.000 
65,187,000 
98,399,000 
104,805,000 
245,043,000 
305,715,000 
270,595,000 
258,590,000 
No  data 
No  data 
No  data 


334,850,000 

364,737.000 

563,693,000 

846,042,000 

1,279,021,000 

1,443,393,000 

1,346,000,000 

♦1,340,000,000 

♦1,390,000,000 

♦1,430,000.000 

♦1,431,000,000 


14.1 

19.6 

28.0 

31.9 

39.2 

39.5 

38.1 

39.1 

42.4 

45.6 

47.8 


Note:  ♦Estimate  based  on  latest  available  figures. 

WORLD'S  PRODUCTION  OF  TIN 

(Tons)  ^__^ 


Country 


1916 


Country 


1916 


Federated  Malay  States 

Non  Federated  Malay  States . 

Bolivia 

Banca 

Billiton 

China 

Siam 


49,134 
4,900 
23,508 
16,294 
5.600 
9,000 
9,400 


Nigeria 

Australia 

Cornwall 

Union  of  South  Africa. 
Other  countries 


5.684 
5,000 
4,200 
2,100 
1,500 


Total. 


136,320 


World  production,  tons  (1917),  147,301;  (1918),  143,737. 


SUPPLEMENTARY  TABLES 


697 


WORLD'S  PRODUCTION  OF  CRUDE  PETROLEUM 

(1917) 


Countries 


42-GaUon 
Barrels 


Tons 


United  States 

Russia 

Mexico 

Dutch  East  Indies. . 

India 

Persia 

Galicia 

Japan  and  Formosa . 

Rumania 

Peru 

Trinidad 

Argentina 

Egypt 

Germany 

Canada 

Venezuela 

Italy 

Cuba 

Other  countries .  .  .  . 


Total 


335,315.601 

69,000,000 

55,292,770 

12,928,955 

8,078,843 

6,8.56,063 

5,965,447 

2,898,654 

2,681,870 

2,533,417 

1,599.455 

1,144,737 

1,008,750 

995,764 

205,332 

127,743 

50,334 

19,167 


506,702,902 


49.179.621 

10,360,359 

9,077.917 

1,956,344 

1.184,896 

1,047,454 

912,591 

425,135 

410.300 

371.567 

244,701 

183,558 

147,950 

154,000 

30,115 

19,516 

7,700 

2.928 


75,716.652 


WORLD'S  PRODUCTION  OF  RUBBER 

The  following  table  shows  the  world's  production  of  crude  rubber  from  1900  to  1919, 
inclusive,  the  quantities  being  given  in  long  tons  (2,240  pounds),  and  the  statistics  for 
plantation  and  Brazil  rubber  being  given  separately: 


Year 

Planta- 
tion 

Rro.il    Other 
^™"'    kinds 

Total 

Year 

Planta- 
tion 

B-il    S^S     Total 

1900 

1901 

1902 

1903 

1904 

1905 

1906 

1907 

1908 

1909 

4 

5 

8 

21 

43 

145 

510 

1,000 

1,800 

3,600 

26,750 
30,300 
28,700 
31.100 
30,000 
35.000 
36.000 
38,000 
39,000 
42.000 

27.136 
24,545 
23,632 
24,829 
32,077 
27,000 
29,700 
30,000 
24,600 
24,000 

63,890 
54,850 
52.340 
55,950 
62,120 
62,145 
66,210 

eo.ooo 

65,400 
69.600 

1910.... 
1911.... 
1912.... 
1913.... 
1914.... 
1915.... 
1916.... 
1917.... 
1918a... 
1919a... 

8,200 

14.419 

28.518 

47,618 

71.380 

107,867 

152,650 

204,251 

210,000 

240,000 

40.800 
37.730 
42.410 
39,370 
37,000 
37,220 
36,500 
39,370 
38.000 
38,000 

21,500 
23,000 
28,000 
21.452 
12,000 
13,615 
12,448 
13,258 
12,000 
12,000 

70,500 
75.149 
98,928 
10S.440 
120.3SO 
158,702 
201,593 
256,879 
260,000 
290,000 

Note:  a  Estimated. 


It  is  notable  that  76  per  cent,  of  planted  acreage  of  plantation  rubber  is  owned  by 
British  capital,  and  2.8  per  cent,  by  American  capital,  according  to  best  available  authorities 
as  follows: 


Plantation  Interests 


Acreage 


Per  Cent. 


«         

British 

Dutch 

French  and  Belgian 

American 

German 

All  other 

Totsd .... 


1,513.576 

260.000 

100.000 

55,000 

3,400 

63,577 


1,995.553 


75.9 

13.0 

5.0 

2.8 

.2 

3.1 


100  0 


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SUPPLEMENTARY  TABLES 


699 


WORLD'S  PRODUCTION  OF  SILVER 

(OOOs  Omitted) 


1918 


1917 


1916 


1915 


1914 


1913 


United  States 

Canada 

Mexico 

Central  America 

Bolivia  and  Chile 

Peru 

Other  South  American  countries 

Eurojje 

New  South  Wales 

Other  AustralisLn  states 

Japan 

British  India 

Other  Asiatic  countries 

Africa 


Total,  World. 


Ounces 

67,867 

20,000 

38,000 

2,500 

5,000 

11,000 

500 

8.200 

9,500 

1,300 

7,000 

2,500 

100 

1,200 


174,667 


Ounces 

71,740 

22,151 

31,214 

2,370 

4,107 

11,000 

435 

8,123 

9,363 

1,271 

6,844 

1,500 

142 

1,194 


171.454 


Ounces 

74,415 

25,460 

22,838 

2,602 

4,402 

10,787 

391 

8,478 

8,069 

1,062 

5,806 

629 

92 

1,203 


166,234 


Ounces 

74,961 

26,626 

39,570 

2,920 

3,870 

9,420 

397 

10,107 

8,305 

1,214 

5,120 

285 

79 

1,188 


184.062 


171,281 


Ounces 

Ounces 

72,455 

66.801 

28.406 

31,525 

27,547 

70,704 

2.755 

2.135 

790 

4,050 

9,214 

8,351 

445 

725 

9,240 

15,248 

13.360 

14,5a5 

870 

3,964 

4,836 

4,650 

236 
69 

532 

1,058 

1,056 

224.246 


WORLD'S  PRODUCTION  AND  CONSUMPTION  OF  TEXTILES 

(1913) 
The  following  table  shows  the  production  of  textile  fibers  by  grand  divisions: 


Grand  DiAnsions 

Cotton 
Tons 

Wool 
Tons 

Silk,  raw 
Tons 

Flax,  raw 
Tons 

Jute 
Tons 

Europe,  including  Asiatic  Russia  and  Turkey 

America 

Asia,  exclusive  of  Asiatic  Russia  and  Turkey 

Oceania 

Africa 

262,845 

3,560,062 

1,942,396 

192 

376,062 

515.552 
407,550 
106,348 
431,750 
110,590 

7,791 
'37,756' 

625,704 

31 

9,460 

1,996,885* 

Total 

6,141,557 

1,571.790 

45,541 

635.195 

1.996.885 

The  value  of  raw  materials  and  manufactured  products  of  the  textile  industries,  by 
classes,  for  the  calendar  year  1913,  follows:     


Value  of 

Raw  Materials 

Produced 


Value  of 

Manufactured 

Products 


Cotton 

Wool 

Silk 

Flax 

Jute 

Clothing,  millinery,  made-up  articles. 


Total 


$1,575,608,000 

557,872,000 

297.928,000 

98,889.000 

181,832,000 


$2,712,129,000 


$5,951,142,000 
2,453,804,000 
932,508,000 
456,555,000 
331,272,000 
429,209.000 


$10,554,490,000 


The  value  of  textile  fibers  produced,  and  the  value  of  textile  manufactures  produced 
and  consumed,  during  the  calendar  year  1913,  by  grand  divisions,  follow: 


Grand  Divisions 


Value 

of  Raw  Fibers 

Produced 


Value 

of  Textile 

Manufactures 


Domestic 
Consumption 
of  Textiles 


Europe,  including  Asiatic  Russia  and  Turkey. 

America 

Asia,  exclusive  of  Asiatic  Russia  and  Turkey . 

Oceania 

Africa 

Total 


$401,100,000 

1,078,188.000 

901,854,000 

167.124.000 

163,863,000 


$2,712,129,000 


$6,249,740,000 

2,198.070.000 

2,059,700,000 

22,634,000 

24,346.000 


$10,554,490,000 


$4,726,775,000 

2,625.045,000 

2.175.250,000 

132.993.000 

190,400.000 


$9,850,463,000 


The  table  below  gives  the  value  of  the  textile  manufactures,  by  countries,  for  the  calen- 
dar year  1913,  unless  otherwise  stated: 


I 


I 


700 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


VALUE  OF  WORLD'S  PRODUCTION  OF  TEXTILES  BY  COUNTRIES 

(1913) 


Countries 


Value 

of  Textile 

Manufactures 


Countrief 


Value 

of  Textile 

Manufactures 


Europe 


United  Kingdom. 

Germany 

France 

Russia 

Austria-Hungary . 

Italy 

Belgium 

Spain 

Switzerland 

Netherlands 

Turkey  (1911)... 

Sweden 

Portugal  (1912).. 

Rumania 

Bulgaria  (1911).. 

Finland 

Norway 

Denmark 

Greece  (1911) .  .  . 
Serbia  (1911).... 


$1 
1 


Total. 


America 

United  States  (1913-14). 

Brazil  (1912) 

Canada  (1911-12) 

Mexico  (1907) 

Argentina 

ChUe 

Peru 

Colombia 

Uruguay  (1911) 

Venezuela 

Cuba  (1914) 

Ecuador 

Guatemala 

Boli'v-ia  (1912) 


,514,010.000 
,264,440,000 
945,574,000 
829,287,000 
469,288,000 
361,070,000 
172,145,000 
150,700,000 
141.730,000 
103.000,000 
79,659.000 
58.190,000 
31,178,000 
27,227,000 
23,705,000 
18,897.000 
18,850,000 
17,945,000 
12,185,000 
10,660,000 


Total. 


$6,249,740,000 


1,957,788.000 

79.706,000 

59,286.000 

49.718.000 

27,322,000 

8,473,000 

5.4,50.000 

3.450,000 

1.547.000 

1.523.000 

1,166.000 

1,070.000 

833.000 

738,000 


Asia 

China  (1911) 

British  India  (1912-13) . .  . 

Japan  (1911) 

Dutch  East  Indies 

Persia  (1912-13)......... 

French  Indo-China  (1911) 

French  India  (1911) 

Siam  (1911-12) 

Afghanistan  (1912-13) . . . , 

Total 


$971,873,000 

695,222,000 

317,706,000 

38,890.000 

15,327,000 

12,828.000 

3,570,000 

2,856,000 

1,428.000 


$2,059,700,000 


Oceania 

Australia  (1912) 

New  Zealand  (1912)... 
Philippines  (1910-11).. 

Total 


Affka 

Egypt 

Algeria  (1911) 

Tunis 

Morocco  (1912) 

Total 

Grand  Total .  . . . 


17.660.000 
2,594.000 
2,380,000 


$22,634,000 


12.210.000 
8,090.000 
2.142,000 
1,904.000 


$2,198,070,000 


$10 


$24,346,000 
.554,490.000 


WORLD'S  PRODUCTION  OF  RAW  SILK 
(In  thousands  of  pounds) 


Country 


1910-1914 
(5-yr.  av.) 


1915 


1916 


1917 


1918 


1919 


Japan  (a) . 
China  (d) . 

Italy 

Levant  (c) 
France ... 
Austria. . . 
Spain. .  . . 
India  (d). 

Total 


29.318 

17,643 

8.523 

5.832 

990 

726 

180 

434 


33.448 

12.880 

8.951 

8.935 

893 

666 

161 

110 


63.646 


61.044 


37.367 

16.475 

6,349 

2.293 

286 

331 

121 

220 


63.442 


43.962 

16.612 

7.963 

2.293 

485 

331 

198 

194 


72,038 


47,914 

15,267 

6.217 

2.293 

452 

331 

154 

243 


72,871 


(d)  53.000 

14.520 

5,942 

2,293 

529 

331 

165 

254 


77,034 


Note:     (a)  Calendar  year, 
(d)  Estimated. 


(b)  Exports  only.     (c)Production  for  1915  used  as  estimate  for  later  years. 


SUPPLEMENTARY  TABLES 


701 


PER  CAPITA  CONSUMPTION  OF  TEXTILE  MANUFACTURES  BY  COUNTRIES 

(1913) 


Countries 


Per  Capita 

Consumption 

of  Textiles 


Countries 


Per  Capita 

Consumption 

of  Textiles 


£ttrop« 

France 

United  Kingdom 

Belgium 

Switzerland 

Germany 

Netherlands 

Sweden 

Norway 

Denmark 

Austria-Hungary 

Italy 

Finland 

Spain 

Bulgaria , . . . 

Rumania 

Portugal 

Greece 

Turkey 

Serbia 

Russia 

Average 

America 

United  States 

Canada , 

Arpentina , 

Chile 

Uruguay 

Cuba 

Panama 


$15.76 

15.69 

15.63 

15.33 

14.02 

13.77 

12.30 

11.60 

10.85 

7.55 

7.49 

7.30 

7.04 

6.66 

6.14 

5.85 

5.59 

6.28 

5.09 

4.84 


9.02 


20.34 
15.82 
11.45 
7.90 
7.55 
5.18 
5.07 


America — Continued 

Dutch  America 

British  America,  n.  e.  s 

Bolivia 

Brazil 

Costa  Rica 

Mexico 

French  America 

Honduras 

Colombia 

Paraguay 

Ecuador 

Venezuela 

Peru 

Salvador 

Nicaragua 

Dominican  Republic  and  Haiti 

Guatemala 

Average 

America,  except  the  United  States  and 
Canada 

Asia  and  Oceania 

New  Zealand 

Australia 

Aden 

Straits  Settlements 

New  Caledonia 

Samoa 

French  India 

Fiji 


$4.91 
4.88 
4.69 
4.40 
4.19 
4.10 
2.55 
2.55 
2.54 
2.02 
1.98 
1.94 
1.82 
1.57 
1.54 
1.45 
1.27 


13.75 
4.53 


19.65 

18.40 

15.98 

15.59 

8.60 

6.28 

5.06 

4.97 


WORLD'S  MERCHANT  TONNAGE 

(June  30,  1919) 


Countries 


United  Kingdom 

British  Dominions 

United  States: 

Seagoing 

Great  Lakes 

Austria-Hungary 

Denmark 

France , 

Germany 

Greece 

Holland: 

Italy 

Japan 

Norway 

Spain 

Sweden 

Other  coxmtries 

Total  steam  tonnage. 
Bail  tonnage  (net) 

Grand  total 


Increase  (♦) 

June,  1914 

June.  1919 

or 
Decrease  (-) 

Gross  Tons 

Gross  Tons 

Gross  Tons 

18,892,000 

16,345,000 

-2.547.000 

1,632,000 

1.863,000 

♦    231,000 

2,027,000 

9,773.000 

*7.746.000 

2,260,000 

2,160.000 

-    100.000 

1,052,000 

713.000 

-    339,000 

770,000 

631,000 

-    139.000 

1,922,000 

1,962,000 

+      40.000 

£,135,000 

3,247,000 

-1.888.000 

821,000 

291,000 

-    530.000 

1,472,000 

1.574,000 

+    102.000 

1.430,000 

1,238,000 

-    192,000 

1.708,000 

2.315,000 

+    617,000 

1.957.000 

1,597,000 

-    360.000 

884,000 

709.000 

-    175,000 

1,015.000 

917,000 

-      98,000 

2,427.000 

2,552,000 

+    125,000 

45,404.000 

47.897.000 

*2.493,000 

3,686.000 

3.022,000 

-    664,000 

49,090.000 

50.919,000 

+1.829.000 

I  • 


I 


702 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


SUPPLEMENTARY  TABLES 


703 


TONNAGE  DEFINITIONS 


World's  Shipbuilding,  December,  1919 


Steamers  and  Motor  Vessels 


CountricB 


Steel 


Wood 


Saiuno  Vessels 


Steel 


Wood 


No. 


Gross 
Tonnage 


No. 


Gross 
Tonnage 


No. 


Gross 
Tonnage 


No. 


Total 


No. 


Gross 
Tonnage 


Gross   I 
Tonnage  I 


America 
(United 
States) 


Atlantic 

Coast .... 
Gulf  Ports.. 
Pacific 

Coast .... 
^  Great  Lakes 
United  Kingdom .... 
British  Dominions: 

(Great 
Canada..]     Lakes... 

(Coast 

Other  Dominions .... 

Belgium 

China 

Denmark 

France 

(a)  Germany 

Greece 

Holland 

Italy  (including 

Trieste) 

Japan 

Norway 

Portugal 

Spain 

Sweden 


Total 


265 
50 

117 
58 

727 


13 

38 

17 

8 

10 
53 
58 

"i 

125 

56 
64 
57 


27 
51 


1795 


1,548,630 
252.796 

697,701 

147.660 

2,982,638 


33.040 
141,650 
55.272 
26,293 
35,700 
99.285 
215,455 

900 

328.014 

285.127 

309.474 

91,773 


6 
29 

32 


4.000 
73,870 

69,100 


2,502 


10 
4 


22 


3,205 
13,000 


14 
27 

35 


2,900 
4,150 


8.959 


43 


107,313 
105,540 


(6)7,464^1 


1,050  . . .  . 
9501.... 


24 
12 


21.425 


946 
840 


11 


151 


4.355 


186.688 


42 


324 
1.150 


21 


(c)  26,638 


8 
1 
5 


150 


f  (o)  The  figures  for  this  country  are  not  ye*  avajlable. 
Note  (6)  Including  22  ferro-concrete  vessels  of  58-348  tons. 
{(c)  Including  13  ferro-concrete  vessels  of  9.021  tons. 


11.840 
63.213 


81.500 

"iso 


10,785 
3.683 


370 


647 
757 

113 


8 
10 
56 
65 

2 
126 


2.966.515 
2,994.240 

251.480 

26,293 

35.700 

100,335 

216,775 

V,.566 
328.338 


6.845 


4.370 
150 

870 


183.776 


125 
64 
61 
9 
28 
67 


2138 


314.547 
309.474 
92.719 
5.210 
107.463 
110.765 


7.861,363 


The  word  ton  is  commonly  used  with  reference  either  to  a  ship  or  to  a  ship's  cargo. 
In  ocean  freight  rates  based  on  weight  the  unit  principally  used  is  the  long  ti)n  of  2,240 
pounds.  In  American  coastwise  traffic  the  short  ton  of  2,000  pounds  is  commonly  used, 
and  this  unit  is  sometimes  employed  in  shipments  to  nearby  foreign  ports. 

The  measurement  ton  of  40  cubic  feet,  assumed  to  be  the  equivalent  of  2,240  pounds, 
is  ordinarily  employed  in  fixing  freight  charges  on  Hght  or  bulky  articles,  that  is,  on  merchan- 
dise which  weighs  less  than  56  pounds  (one-fortieth  of  2,240  pounds)  to  1  cubic  foot,  steam- 
ship companies  exercising  the  option  of  assessing  freight  per  measurement  ton  or  per  weight 
ton,  whichever  may  be  the  greater. 

Some  European  shipping  companies  use  the  metric  ton  of  2,205  pounds  as  a  unit. 

There  are  four  kinds  of  tonnage  used  in  the  measurement  of  ships,  as  follows : 

(1)  Gross  tonnage:  The  gross  tonnage  of  a  vessel  is  obtained  by  dividing  the  cubic 
measurement  of  its  total  enclosed  space  by  100.  A  vessel  ton  is  100  cubic  feet.  In  other 
words  a  vessel  measures  1  gross  ton  for  every  100  cubic  feet  of  her  capacity. 

(2)  Net  tonnage:  The  net  tonnage  of  a  vessel  is  obtained  by  subtracting  from  the 
gross  tonnage  the  cubic  contents  of  the  space  required  for  the  accommodation  of  the  crew, 
for  machinery,  the  stowage  of  fuel,  and  the  engine  room.  Net  tonnage  represents  the 
cubic  contents  of  that  part  of  the  ship  which  is  closed  in  and  employed  for  the  carrying  of 
cargo  and  passengers.  The  unit  of  measurement  employed  in  determining  net  tonnage  is 
the  ton  of  100  cubic  feet. 

Since  ordinarily  a  ton  of  cargo  occupies  less  than  100  cubic  feet,  a  vessel's  cargo  tonnage 
commonly  exceeds  its  gross  and  net  tonnage. 

(3)  Deadweight  tonnage:  This  term  is  employed  to  denote  the  estimate  of  the  num- 
ber of  tons  of  2,240  pounds  each  of  cargo,  fuel  and  stores  which  the  vessel  carries  when 
loaded  to  its  maximum  depth.  It  is  equivalent  to  the  difference  between  the  number  of 
tons  of  water  displaced  by  the  vessel  without  stores,  fuel  or  cargo,  and  the  number  of  tons 
of  water  displaced  when  the  vessel  is  submerged  to  the  "load  water  line." 

Since  a  part  of  the  contents  of  the  vessel  represented  by  its  deadweight  tonnage  is 
devoted  to  stores  and  fuel,  the  tonnage  of  a  vessel's  cargo  capacity  is  less  than  its  total 
deadweight  tonnage. 

The  terms  deadweight  tonnage  and  deadweight  capacity  are  used  inter-changeably. 

(4)  Displacement  tonnage:  The  displacement  tonnage  of  a  vessel  is  its  weight  in 
tons  of  2,240  pounds,  and  is  equivalent  to  the  weight  of  water  displaced  by  the  vessel  when 
fully  loaded.  The  term  is  commonly  employed  in  the  measurement  of  warships,  and  by 
shipbuilders  in  determining  the  number  of  cubic  feet  of  water  which  will  be  displaced  by  a 
ship  at  any  given  draft,  the  weight  of  a  cubic  foot  of  water  being  calculated  at  35  pounds. 

The  relation  of  these  various  kinds  of  tons  to  each  other  may  be  roughly  approximated 
by  the  rule-of-thumb  that  the  gross  tonnage  of  a  vessel  is  two  thirds  its  deadweight  tonnage, 
while  its  net  tonnage  is  two  thirds  its  gross  tonnage. 


i 


! 


i» 


^11 


704 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN   MARKETS 


SUPPLEMENTARY  TABLES 


705 


THE  PRINCIPAL  ECONOMIC  PROVISIONS  OF  THE  TREATY  OF  PEACE  WITH 

.    The  Principal  econoy.icprovi^^^^^ 
atives  of  Coal  (Part  VIII   Sec   1  •  Aanex  V.  Faxt  ^J^'^ °*(°p;^ 'vili;  Sec   1.  Annex  IV,  Paragraph  6);  Shipping 
fpart  Vm  sL'l   Aniex  ni)!  Reco"  S^lViVn  Ma^eri^  VIII.  Sec.  1.  Annex  iv.  Paragraph.  2  to  U- 

elusive):  Submarine  Cables  (Part  VIII.  Sec.  1.  Annex  Mil). 

COAL  AND  DERIVATIVES  OF  COAL 

(Part  VIII.  Section  1,  Annex  V) 
"Germany  accords  the  following  options  for  the  delivery  of  ooal  and  derivatives  of  coal  to  the  undermen- 
tioned signatories  of  the  present  Treaty.  .jju;«« 

Btulhon  tons  in  any  one  year  of  the  succeedmg  ."^e  years.     " ,".  ""p^  ,    Calais  " 
erciaed  in  the  restoration  of  the  destroyed  mmes  in  the  Nord  and  the  Pas  de  Calais. 

••  Germany  undertakes  to  deliver  to  Belgium  eight  miUion  tons  of  coal  annual  y  for  ten  years. 

••Germany  undertakes  to  deliver  to  Italy  up  to  the  following  Quantiti^  of  %a»:J"^y;  1^19  to^June   1920 

^""•"•Germany  further  undertakes  to  deliver  annually  to  I^"""**^?;]' ^jrec^  by  J^e  Regar^tion  Commis- 
sion, a  quantity  of  coal  equal  to  the  pre-war  annual  consumption  of  German  coal »"  Lu^^^^urg 

••The  prices  to  be  paid  for  coal  delivered  under  these  potions  shall  be  as  f«U«^:/a)For  overland  d^^^^ 

ever  H^^^^^^^^^^^^^  Associated  Governments  interested  may  demand  the  delivery,  in  place  of  coal,  of  metal- 
lurgical coke  in  the  proportion  of  3  tons  of  coke  to  4  tons  of  coal.  u  /       *•      k      -i  «,  K„  —t^r 
"Germany  undertakes  to  deliver  to  France,  and  to  transport  to  the  f;«°.^„^^^7^°l'"^fe**  ^eaty^  ^^l[ 

oils,  heavy  oils,  anthracene,  napthalene  or  pitch. 

DYESTUFFS  AND  DERIVATIVES 
(Part  VIII.  Sec.  1.  Annex  VI) 
"normanv  accords  to  the  Reparation  Commission  an  option  to  require  as  part  of  reparation  **»«  deliv- 

Siall  be  exercised  within  sixty  days  of. the  receipt  by  the  Commission  of  such  particulars   as  to  stocks  as  may 
be  considered  necessary  by  the  Commission.  •     j  ,      „    i..^„„  *i,.  ««rinrl 

••Germany  further  accords  to  the  Reparation  Commission  »«  W^^  toj^^^f  ^'J^'J^^^^^^ 
from  the  date  of  the  coming  into  force  of  the  present  Treaty  until  January  J:  ^^^^L^'j^yX^J^^  S"uch 
dyestuff  and  chemical  drug  up  to  an  amount.not  exceeding  25  Per  cent  of  the  German  pro^^ 
dyestufTs  and  chemical  drugs  during  the  previous  six  months   P«"od     If  in  any  caM  t^e  p^^ 

six  months'  period.  ,        .    n  .      c     j  v     *v-  /-'«—, 

'•For  dvestuffs  and  chemical  drugs  delivered  under  paragraph  ^-^^e  price  shall  be  ^^^  J^  ^^^^^j 
mission  hftvinir  recard  to  ore-war  net  export  prices  and  to  subsequent  increases  of  cost,     i-or  d^estuns  ana 
^SScJ'dZUlf^^^JSreTl^rl^f.pSl,  the  price  shall  be  fixed  ^V  the  Cornmission  ha^ 
war  net  export  prices  and  subsequent  variations  of  cost,  or  the  lowest  net  selling  price  of  similar  aye^^tuns 
and  chemical  drugs  to  any  other  purchaser.  *     ,  .        .  ,.  j  .n  „*v— 

•'All  details  including  mode  and  times  of  exercising  the  options,  and  making  delivery,  a^"  all  otner 
Questions  Sg  under  thg,  arrangement  shall  be  determined  by  the  jReparation  Commission:  the  Gertnan 
Go^eSSen^wuf  fSmish  Jo^he  Commission  all  necessary  information  and  other  assistance  which  it  may  require. 

••The  above  expression  "dyestuffs  and  chemical  drugs"  includes  all  synthetic  dyes  and  drugs  and  inter- 
mediatVor  She*  products  usi  in  connection  with  dyeing,  so  far  as.they^^are  manufactured  for  sale.  Th, 
present  arrangement  shall  also  apply  to  cinchona  bark  and  salts  of  quimne. 

Note:  *  In  addition  to  the  tonnage  of  coal  to  be  supplied  annually  to  France.  France  received  the  coal  mines 
of  the  Saar  Basin  with  an  estimated  annual  production  of  13,266,000  tons. 


LIVESTOCK 

(Part  VIII.  Sec.  1.  Annex  IV,  Par.  6) 

••(1)  To  the  French  Government:  500  stallions  (3  to  7  years):  30,000  fillies  and  mares  (18  months  to 
7  years),  type:  Ardennals,  Boulonnais  or  Belgian;  2,000  bulls  (18  months  to  3  years);  90,000  milch  cows  (2  to 
6  years) ;  1,000  rams;  100.000  sheep;  10.000  goats.  (2)  To  the  Belgian  Government:  200 stallions  (3  tr>  ?  years), 
large  Belgian  type:  5,000  mares  (3  to  7  years),  large  Belgian  type;  5,(X)0  fillies  (18  months  to  3  years);  large 
Belgian  type;  2,000  bulls  (18  months  to  3  years);  50,000  milch  cows  (2  to  6  years);  40,000  heifers;  200 
rams;  20,000  sheep;  15,(XX)  sows.  The  animals  delivered  shall  be  of  average  health  and  condition.  To  the 
extent  that  animals  so  delivered  cannot  be  identified  as  animals  taken  away  or  seized,  the  value  of  such 
animab  shall  be  credited  against  the  reparation  obligations  of  Germany  in  accordance  with  paragraph  5  of 
the  Annex." 

SHIPPING 

(Part  VIII.  Sec.  1.  Annex  III.) 

•'1.  Germany  recognises  the  right  of  the  Allied  and  Associated  Powers  to  the  replacement,  ton  for  ton 
(gross  tonnage)  and  class  for  class,  of  all  merchant  ships  and  fishing  boats  lost  or  damaged  owing  to  the  war. 
Nevertheless,  and  in  spite  of  the  fact  that  the  tonnage  of  German  shipping  at  present  in  existence  is  much 
lees  than  that  lost  by  the  Allied  and  Associated  Powers  in  consequence  of  the  German  aggression,  the  right 
thus  recognized  will  be  enforced  on  German  ships  and  boats  under  the  following  conditions:  The  German 
Government,  on  behalf  of  themselves  and  so  to  bind  all  other  persons  interested,  cede  to  the  Allied  and  Asso- 
ciated Grovernments  the  property  in  all  the  German  merchant  ships  which  are  of  1,600  tons  gross  and  upwards; 
in  one-half,  reckoned  in  tonnage,  of  the  ships  which  are  between  1,(XX)  tons  and  1,600  tons  gross;  in  one- 
quarter,  reckoned  in  tonnage,  of  the  steam  trawlers;  and  in  one-quarter,  reckoned  in  tonnage,  of  the  other 
fishing  boats. 

2.    The  German  Government  will,  within  two  months  of  the  coming  into  force  of  the  present  Treaty, 
deliver  to  the  Reparation  Commission  all  the  ships  and  boats  mentioned  in  paragraph  1. 

•'3.  The  ships  and  boats  mentioned  in  paragraph  1  include  all  ships  and  boats  which  (a)  fly,  or  may 
be  entitled  to  fly,  the  German  merchant  flag;  or  (b)  are  owned  by  any  German  national,  company  or  corpora- 
tion or  by  any  company  or  corporation  belonging  to  a  country  other  than  Allied  or  Associated  country  and 
under  the  control  or  direction  of  German  nationals;  or  (c)  are  now  under  construction  (1)  in  Germany,  (2) 
in  other  than  Allied  or  Associated  countries  for  the  account  of  any  German  national,  company  or  corporation. 

* '  4.  For  the  purpose  of  providing  documents  of  title  for  the  ships  and  boats  to  be  handed  over  as  above 
mentioned,  the  German  Government  will:  (a)  Deliver  to  the  Reparation  Commission  in  respect  of  each 
vessel  a  bill  of  sale  or  other  document  of  title  evidencing  the  transfer  to  the  Commission  of  the  entire  proi>erty 
in  the  vessel,  free  from  all  encumbrances,  charges  and  liens  of  all  kinds,  as  the  Commission  may  require: 
(b)  To  take  all  measures  that  may  be  indicated  by  the  Reparation  Commission  for  ensuring  that  the  ship^s 
themselves  shall  be  placed  at  its  disposal. 

"5.  As  an  additional  part  of  reparation,  Germany  agrees  to  cause  merchant  ships  to  be  built  in  German 
yards  for  the  account  of  the  Allied  and  Associated  Governments  as  follows:  (a)  Within  three  months  of  the 
eoming  into  force  of  the  present  Treaty,  the  Reparation  Commission  will  notify  to  the  German  Government 
the  amount  of  tonnage  to  be  laid  down  in  German  shipyards  in  each  of  the  two  years  next  succeeduig  the 
three  months  mentioned  above,  (b)  Within  two  years  of  the  coming  into  force  of  the  present  Treaty,  the 
Reparation  Commission  will  notify  to  the  German  Government  the  amount  of  tonnage  to  be  laid  down  in 
each  of  the  three  years  following  the  two  years  mentioned  above,  (o)  The  amount  of  toimage  to  be  laid  down 
in  each  year  shall  not  exceed  200,000  tons,  gross  tonnage,  (d)  The  specifications  of  the  ships  to  be  built, 
the  conditions  under  which  they  are  to  be  built  and  delivered,  the  price  per  ton  at  which  they  are  to  be  ac- 
counted for  by  the  Reparation  Commission,  and  all  other  questions  relating  to  the  accounting,  ordering, 
building  and  delivery  of  the  ships  shall  be  determined  by  the  CJommission.  Germany  undertakes  to  restore 
in  kind  and  in  normal  condition  of  upkeep  to  the  Allied  and  Associated  Powers,  within  two  months  of  the 
coming  into  force  of  the  present  Treaty,  m  accordance  with  procedure  to  be  laid  down  by  the  Reparation 
Commission,  any  boats  and  other  movable  appliances  belonging  to  inland  navigation  which  since  Aueust  1. 
1914,  have  by  any  means  whatever  come  into  her  possession  or  into  the  possession  of  her  nationals  and  which 
can  be  identified.*  With  a  view  to  make  good  the  loss  in  inland  navigation  tonnage,  from  whatever  cause 
arising,  which  has  been  incurred  during  the  war  by  the  Allied  and  Associated  Powers,  and  which  cannot  be 
made  good  by  means  of  the  restitution  prescribed  above,  Germany  agrees  to  cede  to  the  Reparation  Com- 
mission a  portion  of  the  German  river  fleet  up  to  the  amount  of  the  loss  mentioned  above,  provided  that  such 
cession  shall  not  exceed  20  percent  of  the  river  fleet  as  it  existed  on  November  11,  1918.  The  conditions 
of  this  cession  shall  be  settled  by  the  arbitrators  referred  to  in  Article  339  of  Part  XII  (Ports,  Waterways 
and  Railways)  of  the  present  Treaty,  who  are  charged  with  the  settlement  of  difficulties  relating  to  the  ap- 
portionment of  river  tonnage  resulting  from  the  new  international  regime  applicable  to  certain  river  sj-stema 
or  from  the  territorial  changes  affecting  these  systems. 

"7.  Germany  agrees  to  take  any  measures  that  may  be  indicated  to  her  by  the  Reparation  Commission 
for  obtaining  the  full  title  to  the  property  in  all  ships  which  have  during  the  war  been  transferred,  or  are  in 
process  of  transfer,  to  neutral  flajps,  without  the  consent  of  the  Allied  and  Associated  Governments. 

"8.  (Germany  waives  all  claims  of  any  description  against  the  Allied  and  Associated  Governments  and 
their  nationals  in  resp>ect  of  the  detention,  employment,  loss  or  damage  of  any  Germany  ships  or  boats,  ex- 
ception being  made  of  payments  due  in  respect  of  the  employment  of  ships  in  conformity  with  the  Armistice 
Agreement  o7  January  13,  1919,  and  subsequent  Agreements.  The  handing  over  of  the  ships  of  the  German 
mercantile  marine  must  be  continued  without  interruption  in  accordance  with  the  said  Agreement. 

••Q.  Germany  waives  all  claims  to  vessels  or  cargoes  sunk  by  or  in  consequence  of  naval  action  and 
subsequently  salved,  in  which  any  of  the  Allied  or  Associated  Governments  or  their  nationals  may  have  any 
interest  eithu*  as  owners,  charterers,  insurers  or  otherwise,  notwithstanding  any  decree  of  condemnation 
which  may  have  been  made  by  a  Prise  Ourt  of  Germany  or  of  her  allies." 

RECONSTRUCTION  MATERIALS 

(Part  VIII,  Sec.  1,  Annex  IV,  Paragraphs  2  to  5,  Inc.) 

"The  Allied  and  Associated  Governments  may  file  with  the  Reparation  Commission  lists  showing 
(a)  Animals,  machinery,  equipment,  tools  and  like  articles  of  a  commerical  character,  which  have  been  seised, 
consumed  or  destroyed  by  Germany  or  destroyed  in  direct  consequence  of  military  operation,  and  which 


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such  Governments,  for  tbe  P-PO-  of  m^ang  in>m^^^ 

rr^fjl^acriix^^^^  -  ""^^  -^^ 

delivered  to  them  to  permit  of  the  [^^^^''i^^^^f  °  2^  \^V?L  aSv^^^^^^      be  filed  within  sixty  days  after  the  date 
'•The  lists  relating  to  the  amcles  mentioned  in  2  U)abov^^  J>«  .     ^  (b)  above  shall  be  filed 

rr.^lntt'y^Sr.'nV^KoTl^lUSfK'^^^^^^^  "e  'fixed  «  h«.in....r  pro- 

vided  by  the  Conamission.  .  .     .      Commission,  the  Commission  shall  consider  the 

"Immediately  upon  the  fi}**^?  o^^^^^'t^^^fi^'Ten^^^  for  above  which  are  to  be 

amount  and  number  of  the  °^»i«"»^„»^ii*SS^^  Zb  matter  the  Commission  shall  take  into  account  mich 
required  of  Germany.     In  reachmg  »  decision  on  t^s  matter  tn^  Germany's  social  and  econ- 

domestic  requirements  of  Germany  M  It  deems^^nU^  ^^^  Associated  countries 

omic  life,  the  prices  and  dates  »*  J^^/«!^  ""^^^^n  iJlicti^  a^^  interest  of  the  AUied  and  Associated 

as  compared  with  those,  to  be  fi»ed/or  German  articles   and  ^^J^K^ne  a  adversely  the  ability  of 

Governments  that  the  industnal  life  of  Germany  be  no^^^^^^  equipment,  tools  and  like 

Germany  to  perform  the  other  acta  of  .^^F^t i^  ?^  P^^f  Jj^ '°^^  however,  to  be  cfemanded  of  Germany 
articles  of  a  commercial  ^^^^^;'^^l'\'^^^}  Jesp^Tveinhich  2^ not  in  use  and  is  available,  and  then  not 
unless  there  is. no  free  stock  ^f  such  articles  respertive^^^^  establishment  or  undertaking. 

in  excess  of  thirty  per  cent  of  the  ^J^^J^^^y  «J, /X  Germtn  G^ernn^ent  an  opportunity  and  a  time  to  be 
The  Commission  shall  Pve  reprwentativM  of  the  German  uo^^ 

heard  as  to  their  caoacity  to  furnish  the  said  ™»^«"^  «i  roor^unicl?3^  tothe^  Government  and  to 

rfiall  thereupon  an5  at  the  earliest  possible  ^^^^ment  be  com^unica^^^^  undertakes  to  deliver 

the  several  interested  Alhwi  and  Associated  Governments      l  neuerman  interested  Allied  and 

the  materials,  articles  and  a^;™'*!^  !f  .^^^f,^  JJ^  .^^'J^^^ 

Associated  Governments  severally  agree  to  a^^^^^P^X  .  r>  hi  t.HliVed  in  the  work  of  reparation. 
or  are  not.  in  the.judgment  of  the  Commi^ion  unfit  *«  ^  ^^^^^'S^"  ^Jj/'^^^^  articles  and  animals  to 

-The  Commission  shall  determine  the  ^»^"«  V^  ^e  Sj^J^'J^Jl^  receiving  the  same  agrees 

be  delivered  in  accordance  with  the  foregoing,  and  Jj^e  Allied  or  Assooa  |d  ^^«        ^^^^  g     Germany  to  be 
to  be  charged  with  such  value,  and  the  amount  there^^ 
divided  in  accordance  withArticle  237  of  this  Part  o^^^  ^^^^^^^  ^^^^  ^^^  amount  to  be 

bears  to  the  whole  of  the  damage  thus  claimed  for. 

SUBMARINE  CABLES 
(Part  VIII,  Sec.  1,  Annex  VII). 
"Germany  renounces  on  her  own  behalf  and  on>ehalf  of  her  nationals  injavojr  of  th^e  Principal  A^^^^^ 


bourg  to  Brest:  Emd|n-T«neriffe:  from  oH  uunK^^^^^^^  Azores-New  York  (1):  from  Fayal 

Dover  to  Fayal;  Emden-Azores  (2):  from  the  Straits  TenerifTe-Monroyia:  from  off 

to  New  York;  A«ores-New  York  (2).  from^ayai  to  tne  iour  i  ^  ^^  Greenwich:  to  about 

Teneriffe  to  off  Monrovia;  Monrovia-Lome   y^^m  at^^ut  lat^^u^i>^.  ■     B  Lome-Duala 

lat.  20  20'  N.;  long.  5°  30'  W.  of  Greenwich  and  fr^  about  la^d  4»  ^jj'^^^  ^uc^:  Const antinople^^n- 
from  Lome  to  Duala;  .Monroyia-Pernambuco  from  off  Monrovm^  r  Yap-Menado  (Celebes):  from 
stanra:  from  Constantinople  ^  <^?f  »°*^'  Xf.^^^.CT  Menado.    The  value  of 

Yap  Island  to  Shanghai   from  Yap  .Island  to  Guam  Island,  and  ^^o"^  ?»P  ,         „^  calculated  on  the  basis 

^nh-^SrcS;^*!^^^^^^^^  yepTelStfon^'siral!  ^.''credited^  to  Germany  in  the  Reparation 

account." 

COHSTITUTION  AND  F^CTIONS^OF^^^S*"''''^  COMMISSION  AND 

The  economic  and  fi-dal  P.naUie,  ^^^^^^J^ZS^^r'rZ'IZ^^.^'turi'l^^o^^ll  .hU 
provisions  of  a  commission  known  as  the  reparation  ^""""      .,.        follows- 
Commission  are  defined  in  the  Treatv  (Pjrt  VIII   Sec.  1   ^n^ex  H^m  foUows  ^^^^^    ^^^^^ 

"  Delegates  to  this  Commission  shall  be  nominate  by  tneu^^^^  .  •   ^  Delegate 

Italy.  Japan.  Belgium  and  ^be  Serb^roat-Slovene  Sj^te.  Each  of  h««  powers jn  ^^  ^ut  at  other 
and  also  one  Assistant  De  egate.  who  "^'^^^.^^f  ^^^^ff^.i^ ^^  any  part  therein.    On  no  occasion 

times  will  only  have  the  right  to  be  P'e««nt«J  proceeding  ^^^^  proceedings  of  the 

shall  the  Delegates  of  more  than  five  of  the  above  Powerehave^heng^  ^^  ^^^^^ 

Commission  and  to  record  ^^e*^.  ^[f^^^T,  J^E*^*f of  r^  right  on  all  occasions  other,  than 

shall  have  th«  right  on  all  occa^irms.    The  Deleg^^^^^^  occasions  when  questions  re  ating  to 

those  referred  to  below.  The  Delejrate  oj  ,^*Pf  °  .*  ,* 'kftO  of  Part  IX  (Financial  Claiises)  in  which  Japanese 
damage  at  sea,  and  questions  arising  H^^er  Article  260  of  Part  ^/^^ J 'g^t^^oat-Slovene  State  shall  have 
interests  are  concerned,  are  under  consideration.  The  ^g^f*^?^  ^Jj  SJdeToSnsideration.  Each  Govern- 
the  ijght  when  quest^^V^'^^'^^inn  «ha  Ihav^thfrSht  to  w^^^^  months'  notice 

ment  represented  on.th.e  CommiMion  sha  1  haN  e  th^^^^^  SXmonth  after  the  Sate  of  the  original  notice, 

filed  mth  the  ComtniMion  and  ^^^J^^^^^  ^d  powera  as  may  S  interested  shall  have  the  right  to  appoint  a 
DelegftTtVb^  p'^esl^'ln^d^acl^^^^^  -P'^^-e  claims  and  interests  are  under  examination 

°'  ^'"irJ.'s'i'  oMh"'dS.'rirgn^tionTr*.recall  of  any  Delegate,  Assistant  Delegate  or  Assessor,  a  succe-or 
to  him  shall  be  nominated  as  soon  as  possible. 


The  Commission  will  have  its  principal  permanent  Bureau  in  Paris  and  will  hold  its  first  meeting  in  Paris 
as  soon  as  practicable  after  the  commg  into  force  of  the  present  Treaty  and  thereafter  will  meet  in  such  place 
or  places  and  at  such  time  as  it  may  deem  convenient  and  as  may  be  necessary  for  the  most  expeditious  discharge 

"At  its  first  meeting  the  Commission  shall  elect,  from  among  the  Delegates  referred  to  above,  a  chairman 
L    ^u   •*'  u"^*"*"'  y^ho  shall  hold  office  for  one  year  and  shall  be  eligible  for  re-election.    If  a  vacancy  in 

the  Chairmanship  or  \'ice-Chairmanship  should  occur  during  the  annual  period,  the  Commission  shall  oroceed 
to  a  new  election  for  the  remainder  of  the  said  period. 

•  j'***®  Commission  is  authorised  to  appoint  all  necessary  officers,  agents  and  employes  who  may  be  re- 
quired for  the  execution  of  its  functions  and  fix  their  remuneration;  to  constitute  committees,  whose  members 
ne«l  not  necessanlv  be  members  of  the  Commission,  and  to  take  all  executive  steps  necessary  for  the  purnose 
of  discharging  its  duties;  and  to  delegate  authority  and  discretion  to  officers,  agents  and  committees 
,  .,  A'^  proceedings  of  the  Commission  shall  be  private,  unless,  on  particular  occasions,  the  Commission 
shall  otherwise  deternune  for  special  reasons. 

•ill^^**^™™^"*°°  ^^^  be  required,  if  the  German  Government  so  desire,  to  hear,  within  a  period  which 
it  will  fix  from  time  to  time,  evidence  and  arguments  on  the  part  of  Germany  on  any  question  connected  with 
her  capacity  to  pay. 

"The  Commission  shall  consider  the  claims  and  give  to  the  German  Government  a  just  opportunity  to 
be  heard  but  not  to  take  any  part  whatever  in  the  decision  of  the  Commission.  The  Commission  shall  afford 
a  similar  opportunity  to  the  allies  of  Germany  when  it  shall  consider  that  their  interests  are  in  question 

"The  Commission  shall  not  be  bound  by  any  particular  code  or  rules  of  law  or  by  any  particular  rule  of 
evidence  or  of  procedure,  but  shall  be  guided  by  justice,  equity  and  good  faith.  Its  decisions  must  follow 
the  same  principles  and  rules  in  all  oases  where  they  are  applicable.  It  will  establish  rules  relating  to  methods 
of  proof  of  claims.    It  may  act  on  any  trustworthy  modes  of  computation. 

"The  Commission  shall  have  all  the  powers  conferred  upon  it,  and  shall  exercise  all  the  functions  assigned 
to  it.  by  the  present  Treaty.  The  Commission  shall  in  general  have  a  wide  latitude  as  to  its  control  and  hand- 
ling of  the  whole  reparation  problem  as  dealt  with  in  this  Part  of  the  present  Treaty  and  shall  have  authority 
to  interpret  its  provisions.  Subject  to  the  provisions  of  the  present  Treaty,  the  Commission  is  constituted 
by  the  several  Allied  and  Associated  Governments  referred  to  in  paragraphs  2  and  3  above  as  the  exclusive 
agency  of  the  said  Governments  respectively  for  receiving,  selling,  holding  and  distributing  the  reparation 
payments  to  be  made  by  Germany  under  this  Part  of  the  present  Treaty.  The  Commission  must  comolv 
with  the  following  conditions  and  provisions: 

(a)  Whatever  part  of  the  full  amount  of  the  proved  claims  is  not  paid  in  gold,  or  in  ships,  securities  and 
commodities  or  otherwise.  Germany  shall  be  required,  under  such  conditions  as  the  Commission  may  determine 
to  cover  by  way  of  guarantee  by  an  equivalent  issue  of  bonds,  obligations  or  otherwise,  in  order  to  constitute 
an  acknowledgement  of  the  said  part  of  the  debt. 

(b)  In  periodically  estimating  Germany's  capacity  to  pay,  the  Commission  shall  examine  the  German 
system  of  taxation,  first,  to  the  end  that  the  sums  for  reparation  which  Germany  is  required  to  pay  shall  become 
a  charge  upon  all  her  revenues  prior  to  that  for  the  service  or  discharge  of  any  domestic  loan,  and  secondly 
so  as  to  satisfy  itself  that,  in  general,  the  German  scheme  of  taxation  is  fully  as  heavy  proportionately  as  that 
of  any  of  the  Powers  represented  on  the  Commission. 

(c)  In  order  to  facilitate  and  continue  the  immediate  restoration  of  the  economic  life  of  the  Allied  and  As- 
sociated countries,  the  Commission  will  as  provided  in  Article  235  take  from  Germany  by  way  of  security  for 
and  acknowledgment  of  her  debt  a  first  instalment  of  gold  bearer  bonds  free  of  all  taxes  and  charges  of  every 
description  established  or  to  be  established  by  the  Government  of  the  German  Empire  of  the  German  States 
or  by  any  authority  subject  to  them;  these  bonds  will  be  delivered  on  account  and  in  three  portions  the  marks 
gold  being  payable  in  conformity  with  Article  262  of  Part  XI  (Financial  Clauses)  of  the  present  Treaty  as  follows- 
(1)  To  be  issued  forthwith,  20,000,000.000  Marks  gold  bearer  bonds,  payable  not  later  than  May  1  1921* 
without  interest.  These  shall  be  specially  applied  towards  the  amortization  of  these  bonds  the  payment  which 
Germany  is  pledged  to  make  in  conformity  with  Article  235,  after  deduction  of  the  sums  used  for  the  reim- 
bursement of  expenses  of  the  armies  of  occupation  and  for  payment  of  foodstuffs  and  raw  materials  Such 
bonds  as  have  not  been  redeemed  by  May  1.  1921.  shall  then  be  exchanged  for  new  bonds  of  the  same  type  as 
those  provided  for  below  (paragraph  12.  c.  [2]).  (2)  To  be  issued  forthwith,  further  40.000,000,000  lllarks 
gold  bearer  bonds,  bearing  interest  at  2^  per  cent,  per  annum  between  1921  and  1926,  and  thereafter  at  5 
per  cent,  per  annum  with  an  additional  1  per  cent,  for  amortisation  beginning  in  1926  on  the  whole  amotmt 
of  the  issue.  (3)  To  be  delivered  forthwith,  a  covering  undertaking  in  writing  to  issue  when,  but  not  until 
the  Commission  is  satisfied  that  Germany  can  meet  such  interest  and  sinking  fimd  obligation,  a  further  in- 
stalment of  40,000,000.000  Marks  gold  5  per  cent,  bearer  bonds,  the  time  and  mode  of  payment  of  principal 
and  interest  to  be  determined  by  the  Commission.  The  dates  for  payment  of  interest,  the  manner  of  appK-inK 
the  amortisation  fund  and  all  other  questions  relating  to  the  issue,  management  and  regulation  of  the  bond 
issue  shall  be  determined  by  the  Commission  from  time  to  time.  Further  issues  by  way  of  acknowledgment 
and  security  may  be  required  as  the  Commission  subsequently  determines  from  time  to  time.  (dTln  the 
event  of  bonds,  obligations  or  other  evidence  of  indebtedness  issued  by  Germany  by  way  of  security  for  or 
acknowledgment  of  her  reparation  debt  being  disposed  of  outright,  not  by  way  of  pledge,  to  persons  other  than 
the  several  Governments  in  whose  favor  Germany's  original  reparation  indebtedness  was  created,  an  amount 
of  such  reparation  indebtedness  shall  be  deemed  to  be  extinguished  corresponding  to  the  nominal  value  of  the 
bonds,  etc.,  so  disposed  of  outright,  and  the  obligation  of  Germany  in  respect  of  such  bonds  shall  be  confined 
to  her  liabilities  to  the  holders  of  the  bonds,  as  expressed  upon  their  fatce.  (e)  The  damage  for  repairing 
reconstructing  and  rebuilding  property  to  the  invaded  and  devastated  districts,  including  reinstallation  of 
furniture,  machinery  and  other  equipment,  will  be  calculated  according  to  the  cost  at  the  dates  when  work 
is  done,  (f)  Decisions  of  the  Commission  relating  to  the  total  or  partial  cancellation  of  the  capital  or  interest 
of  any  verified  debt  of  Germany  must  be  accompanied  by  a  statement  of  its  reasons. 

*  As  to  voting,  the  Commission  will  observe  the  following  rules:  When  a  decision  of  the  Commission  is 
taken,  the  votes  of  all  the  Delegates  entitled  to  vote,  or  in  the  absence  of  any  of  them,  of  their  Assistant  Dele- 
gat^,  shall  be  recorded.  Abstention  from  voting  is  to  be  treated  as  a  vote  against  the  proposal  under  dis- 
cussion. Assessors  have  no  vote.  On  the  following  questions  unanimity  is  necessary:  (a)  Questions  involving 
the  sovernity  of  any  of  the  Allied  and  Associated  Powers,  or  the  cancellation  of  the  whole  or  any  part  of  the 
debt  or  obligations  of  Germany:  (b)  Questions  of  determining  the  amount  and  conditions  of  bonds  or  other 
obligations  to  be  issued  by  the  German  Government  and  of  fixing  the  time  and  manner  for  selling,  negotiating 
or  distributing  such  bonds;  (c)  Any  postponement,  total  or  partial,  beyond  the  end  of  1930,  of  the  payments 
of  instalments  falling  due  between  May  1.  1921.  and  the  end  of  1926  inclusive;  (d)  Any  postponement,  total 
or  partial,  of  any  instalment  falling  due  after  1926  for  a  period  exceeding  three  years;    (e)  Questions  appljdng 


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in  any  particular  case  a  method  of  meaaurin.  damages  differenUj^m  thaW^^b^h^^p"^^^^^^^^ 

II  J  sTmUw  case;   (f)  Questions  of  the  interpretation  of  the  Pr^vi«oM  oi  *^^  ^^  opinion  among  the 

other  quMtionTihall  &  decided  by  the  vote  of  a  °^«^f  "^^^  _if„^^,  upon  the^uention  whether  a  given  ewe 

D^legat^  which  .cannot  be  solved  ^y  «  ^^^JJ^Ve"  ^^^^^^^^  sliu  be  referred  to  the  imm^i- 

ia  one  which  requires  a  unammous  ^o*®  ^o',^^?^®*i!i2S  uoon  by  their  Govemmenta,  whose  award  the  Allied 

ate  arbitration  of  some  impartial  person  to  be  agreed  upon  oy  *uc« 

and  Associated  Governments  agree  to  accept.  conferred  upon  it.  shaU  forthwith  become 

••Dpoisions  of  the  Comnussion,  in  acconlance  wua  iu«  r"  ^     «rnrA«Hinm 
bindintSmay  be  put  into  in^mediate  execution  witho^  gSlJS^n  '^'^  as  the  Commission  shall  fix: 

"fhe  Commission  will  issue  to  ef  h  of  the  mterested  Pow^ra.  m  s  ^^^  .^^^  mentioned  above. 

(1)  A  certificate  stating  that  it  holds  foi  t^;^„^,*^?j.?ild*4^ng  d°S^^^  in  a  number  of  parts  not  exceeding 
the  said  certificate,  on  the  demand  <>*/b^P°.^«%?^e  2^deliie?ed  by  Germany  on  account  of  her  reparation 
five-  (2)  From  time  to  time  certificates  stating  the  goods  *^^H;^^ "^rtificates  shall  be  registered,  and  upon 
dibi  which  it  holds  for  the  ac<^unt  of  the  said  ^^^^^J^^  men  wi  are  issued  for  sale  or  negotiation, 
notice  to  the  Commission,  may  be  transferred  Py  ^^^^^^"^  -^  equivalent  value  must  be  withdrawn. 
SSd  when  gpods  are  delivered  by  the  C^«J°^;^f,^'„"«X"^%2i.^i^^  her  debt  as  determmed  by  the 

"Intent  shall  be  debited  to  Germany  aa  from  May  i^i^^i^.        ^   ^^.^  equivalent,  or  by  bonds  issued 
Commission,  after  allowing  for  sums  a^/I^^J^^^J^f-^of  in?e^  be  5  percent  unless  the  Commission  shaU 

to  the  Commission,  or  under  Article  243.    The  '»^?  *^.r'®'^?r  ?  {-on  of  thjg  rate.     The  Commission,  in  fixing 
deter^ne  at  some  future  time  that  "J^'J^J^f.^Jfc^rm^^^^  of  interest  due  on  sums  ansmg 

SSt^if'^rhi'^rk^feVorJirriaT^i^  ^ 

^^''^'^ancMJ^Jf  default  by  Germany  in  the  perfoi^^^  Powers  and  may  make 

the  Commission  wUl  forthwith  give  notice  of  such  f  «^^"^^^^^^"^c^e  ^f  ^uch  default  as  it  may  think  necessary^ 
.uchrecom^^daUons^^^^^^^^^^^^ 

enfelSETS  a-Sd^  rt:t.^r/fn%=l  ^sS^ch^hTm^fsuras  the  Respective  Governments  may 
determine  to  be  necessary  in  the  circumstances.  ^„„-  -i-_*  q-  account  of  the  proved  claims  of  the  Allied 
**^**^Sjiients  required  to  be  made.m  gold  o^^^J^^^gV  X  ComSSS^n  in  the  fbrm  of  chattels,  properties, 
and  A^Sted  Powers  may  at  any  tu^e  Ij  »«^£*„^or  wUhoiirG^an  territory,  ships,  bonds,  shar^  or 
St^^^o?;nrSV"fu'-nS^^^^^^^^  ^^«  value  of  «ich  substitute,  for  gold  bein 

S  at  a  faired  just  amount  by  the  Commission  itself.  orooerties  or  rights,  shall  have  due  regard 

action  or  omiasion  as  such  member,     wo  one  oune  /»  .  .    •  • 

biWy  in  respect  o(  any  °*?^ „9°7,'jnj'ient  Treaty  this  Annex  may  be  amended  by  the  unammous  decision 
„,  th^'^S^'ent  Crrdlrlm  tirto  ^X,V.''S,frS°  he  p«sent  Treaty  or  the  dec,«on.  of 

e  Co^mTs.«:rS>^oLS  S^^   °'^^"  "'^''"'"'  '^''  ""  ^ 
the  Powers  interested,  the  Commission  shall  be  dissolved. 


COUNTRIES  TO  WHICH  PARCEL  POST  SERVICE  EXTENDS 

Norway 
(b)  Nyasaland 
(b)  Palestine 

Panama 

Paraguay 
(b)  Persia 

Peru 
(b)  Pitcairn  Island 

Poland 

Portugal 
(b)  Portuguese  India 
(b)  Portuguese  Timor 
(b)  Portuguese  West  Africa 

Rumania 
(b)  Russia  in  Europe 
(b)  St.  Helena 

Salvador 

Samoa 

Uganda  (a)  Indo-China  Santa  Crua  Island 

(b)  Sarawak 

(a)  Senegal 

(b)  Seychelles 
Siam 

(b)  Sierra  Leone 
Society  Islands 
South  Africa,  Union  of 
Spain 
(b)  Straits  Settlements 

Sweden 
(b)  Syria 
(b)  Tibet 

(b)  Togoland  (Brit.) 
(b)  Togoland  (French) 
Trinidad 

(a)  Tunis 

(b)  Turkey 
Turks  Island 

(a)  Upper  Senegal  and  Niger 
Uruguay 
Venesuela 
Windward  Islands 

(b)  Zanaibar  and  Pemba 

Note,  (a)  According  to'new  parcel  post  agreements  with  the  French  government  shipments  to  this  country  are 
sent  by  way  of  France,  (b)  According  to  new  parcel  post  agreements  with  the  English  government  shipmenta 
to  this  country  are  sent  by  way  of  England. 


(b)  Abyssinia 

Aden 

(b)  Afghanistan 
(a)  Algeria 

Argentina 

(b)  Ascension 

Australia 

Austria 

Bahamas 

Barbados 

(b)  Bechuanaland 

Belgium 

Belgian  Congo 

Bermuda 

Bolivia 

(b)  Borneo 

Brasil 

Cb)  British  Central  Africa 
(b)  British  East  Africa  and 

British  Guiana 

British  Honduras 

British  India 

Cb)  British  North  Borneo 
(b)  British  Somaliland 

(b)  Brunei 

(b)  Cameroons 

(b)  Cape  Verde  Islands 

(b)  Ceylon 
Chile 

China 

Colombia 

(a)  Corsica 

1                    Costa  Rica 

(b)  Cyprus 

Csecho-Slovakia 

(a)  Dahomey  and  Niger 

Denmark 

Dominican  Republic 

Dutch  East  Indies 

Dutch  Guiana 

Dutch  West  Indies 

Ecuador 

(b)  Egypt 

(b)  Falkland  Islands 

France 

(a)  French  Congo 

French  Guiana 

(a)  French  Oceania 

(a)  French  Somaliland 

French  West  Indies 

(b)  Gambia 

Germany 

Gilbraltar 

(b)  Gold  Coast  Colony 

Great  Britain 

Greece 

Guatemala 

Haiti 

Honduras 

Hong  Kong 

Iceland 

(a)  Indo-China 

Italy 

(a)  Ivory  Coast 

Jamaica 

Japan 

(b)  Labuan 

Leew  ard  Islands 

Liberia 

Luxemberg 

(b)  Maceo 

(a)  Madagascar 

(b)  Malay  States 

(b)  Malta 

(a)  Mauretania 

(b)  Mauritius 

(b)  Mesopotamia 

Mexico 

(b)  Monaco 

(b)  Morocco 

Netherlands 

(b)  New  Hebrides 

New  Zealand 

Newfoundland 

Nicaragua 

(b)  Nigeria 

I 


tm^m 


710 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


INDEX 


Aslborg,  Denmark 

AalwBund,  Norway 

Aarhuus,  Denmark..  • -•  • -4  "  J- 

Abaco  Island.  British  West  Indies 

Abancay.  Peru.  .•••:••• 

Aberdeen  (co),  Scotland   

Aberdeen  (city),  Scotland   ..■■.•• 

Abeshr,  French  Equatorial  Africa 

Abijean,  Ivory  Coast 

Abo,  Finland 

AboiBso,  Ivory  Coast    ••••••, 

Abruisi  e  Molise  (dept.),  Italy 

Abyssinia: 

Agriculture. 

Area  and  Population 

Bees 

Beeswax 

Cable  Rates . .  .^ 

Cities,  Population 

Climate 

Coffee 

Commerce 

Consular  Regulations 

Cotton 

Customs  Tariff 

Exports 

Forest  Resources 

Ghee 

Hides  and  Skins 

Imports 

Ivory 

Language 

Livestock 

Mail  Time 

Manufactures 

Minerals 

Money  Orders .  • 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures 

Parcel  Poet 

Ports 

Postal  Rates. 

Production  and  Industry 

Railways 

Shipping  Routes 

Telegraphs 

Telephones 

Trade  Routes 

Transportation 

Acamania  (dept.),  Greece • 

Accra,  Gold  Coast  Colony 

Achaia  (dept.),  Greece. 

Aconcagua  (prov.),  Chile 

Acre  Territory,  Braiil 

Adelaide,  Australia 

Aden,  Arabia • 

Aden,  Protectorate  of. .,. . .  • 

Aden  (prov.),  India,  British 

Adis-Abeba,  Abyssinia • .  •  •  •  •.•  •    •  •  •  • 

Admiralty  Islands  (Bismarck  Archipelago) 

New  Guinea 

Adrianople,  Turkey 

Advertising  Media: 

Algeria  

Argentina ' 

Australia 

Bel^um 

Bohyia 

Brazil 

Chile 

China 

Colombia 

Costa  Rica 

Cuba 

Denmark 

Dutch  East  Indies 

Ecuador 

Egypt  .• 

France 

Guatemala 


Page 
248       Advertiaing  Media  (cont.): 

328  India ■ 

248  Italy 

59  Jamaica 

193  Japan 

402  Mexico 

402  Netherlands 

575  New  Zealand 

572  Norway 

257  Panama 

572  Paraguay 

306  Peru • 

Philippine  Islands 

519  Porto  Rico 

',         515  PortugaJ 

519  Siam 

519  Spain 

520  Straits  Settlements 

515  Sweden 

614  Switserland 

;         619  Tunis........--    •; 

616-519  Union  of  South  Afnca 

520  United  Kingdom 

]         619  Uruguay 

520  Venezuela 

617-519       Aegean  Islands,  Greece 

619       Aetolia  (dept.),  Greece 

619    .  Afgh4niBtdn: 

619  Agriculture 

515-519  Area  and  Population 

519  Cable  Rates 

520  Cities.  Population 

519  Consular  Regulations 

'.         520  Currency 

519  Exports 

619  Imports 

520  Mail  Time 

520  Manufactures 

\  [         620  Money  Orders 

616  Parcel  Post 

620  Postal  Rates 

519  Shipping  Routes 

519  Telephones 

520  Tran.sportation 

519       Agra  (city),  India,  Bntish 

519  Agra  (prov),  India.  British.... 

616  Aguascalientes  (state),  Mexico, 

619  Aguascalientes  (city),  Mexico. 

291  Ahmed&bAd,  India  British.    . . 

566  AhuachapAn  (dept.),  Salvador, 

291  Ahuachap&n  (city),  Salvador. 

143        Aigun,  China 

128       Ain  (dept),  France 

602       Aisne  (dept.) ,  France 

423  Ajmer,  India,  British.  .  . . . .... 

396  Aimer-Merwara  (prov.),  India 

468       Akershus  (dist.),  Norway 

616       Akhtyrka,  Russia 

Akita,  Japan 

638       Akkerman.  Russia.  ••.•.• 

396  Akmolin.sk  (prov.),  Ruwia.  .  .  . 
Alafi  Island,  New  Caledonia. . . 

679       Alagoas  (state).  Brawl. 

119  Alajuela  (city),  Costa  Rjca 

616  Alajuela  (prov.),  Costa  Rica. . . 

234  Alava  (prov.),  Spain. 

126  Albacete  (prov.),  Spain 

140  Albania: 

151  Area  and  Population .... 

443  Cities,  Population 

159  Commerce 

30  Customs  Tariff 

67  Mineral  Resources 

253  Production  and  Industry. 

635  Railways 

167  Roads 

564  Algeria:       .  . 

273  Advertising  Media 

36  Agriculture 


British 


•  >  •  •    •  • 


Page 

466 
312 
87 
491 
21 
326 
625 
330 
52 
190 
200 
663 
100 
343 
608 
382 
613 
388 
394 
689 
646 
422 
206 
216 
291 
291 

423 

423 
424 
423 
424 
.423-424 
423 
423 
424 
423 
424 
424 
424 
424 
424 
424 
459 
458 
14 
14 
459 
53 
53 
429 
263 
263 
459 
468 
327 
356 
471 
356 
366 
637 
128 
26 
26 
370 
370 

217 
217 
217 
217 
217 
217 
217 
217 


INDEX 


711 


579 
579 


Page 
Algeria  (cont.): 

Area  and  Population 678 

Automobiles e91 

Cable  Rates 679 

Cities,  Population 578 

Commerce ^ 678 

Consular  Regulations 679 

Consular  Representatives 679 

Cotton 679 

Customs  Tariff 679 

Exports 678 

Fisheries 579 

Forest  Resources 679 

Imports 678 

Livestock 679 

Mail  Time 679 

Minerals 677 

Money  Orders 679 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures 679 

Parcel  Post 679 

Post  Offices 679 

Postal  Rates.    679 

Production  and  Industry 679 

R*>lways 677-579 

]^.»a8 679 

Shipping 578 

Shipping  Routes 679 

Te  egraphs 579 

Telephones 579 

...    ^»°«:  • 579 

Albay,  Philippine  Islands 645 

Alberta  (prov.),  Dominion  of  Canada 1-4 

Alcaiar.  Morocco 592 

Alcohol: 

Austria 225 

Cuba 66 

France 270 

Germany 285 

Peru 197 

Riusia 363 

Alooy,  Spain 369 

Alderney,  United  Kingdom . ..[.[..['...['...  402 

Alemtejo  (prov.),  Portugal 338 

Aleppo,  Turkey 396 

Alexandria.  E^mt 661 

Alexandropol.  Russia 355 

Alexandrovsk.  Russia 355 

AleMndrovsk-Grunshevsk,  Russia 355 

Alfalfa: 

Cl"le-.; w 148 

Hawau 642 

Algarve  (prov.),  Portugal  I  W. '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. '.['.'.  338 

Alpers,  Algeria 578 

A  icante  (prov),  Spain 370 

Ahcante  (city).  Spain 369 

Ahgarh.  India.  British 459 

Alkmaar,  Netheriands 322 

AUahbad.  India.  British 459 

Allessandria  (prov.),  Italy 305 

Allessandria  (city),  Italy 307 

Allier  (dept.),  France 263 

Almena  (prov),  Spain 370 

Almeria  (city),  Spain 369 

Alost,  Belgium 230 

Alpes-Maritimes  (dept.).  France 263 

Alsace-Lorraine  (dept.),  France 263 

Alta  Verapai  (dept.),  Guatemala 31 

Altona,  Germany 278 

Aluni,  India,  British 465 

Alunite,  Australia 608 

Alvsborg  (govt.),  Sweden 385 

Amapala.  Honduras 38 

Amatit  an  (city),  Guatemala 31 

Amatitlan  (dept.),  Guatemala 31 

Amasonas  (state),  BraxU 128 

Amasonas  (dept.),  Peru 192 

Amasonas  (ter).  Venesuela 209 

Ambala,  India,  British 459 

Ambato,  Ecuador I6I 

Ambeno,  Malay  Archipelago 635 

Amboina  (dist.),  Dutch  East  Indies 628 

Ambositra,  Madagascar 580 


Page 

Ambris,  Angola 597 

Amersfoort ,  Netherlandig !!!!!! 322 

Amiens,  France «v»q 

Amoy,  China i! g§ 

Amrftsar,  India.  British..     :: IS 

Amsterdam,  Netherlands....;::;: 3^ 

Amur-Niihnednieprovsk,  Russia          ^w 

Ancachs  (dept.),  feru.  .    . .          ftE 

Anoona  (prov.)   Italy 306 

Anoona  (citv),  Italy 307 

Ancud.  Chife .  .    143 

Andaman  Islands: 

Area  and  Population 434 

Livestock ^o>A 

Penal  Colony 404 

Products 424 

Andorra:  

Area  and  Population 217 

^"ency 217 

Government 217 

Language 217 

Andros  Island,  British  West  Indies. ...;;;:;  59 

Anglesey  (co.),  Wales 401 

Anglo-Egyptian  Sudan: 

Agriculture. 5^5 

Area  and  Population 555 

Cities,  Population 555 

Commerce 5^6 

g^o? 566 

gSS^-; ^ 

;  •  V  ■ 566 

Gum  Arabic 555 

{"ports 565 

Pos76ffic«  .■;;::;::;;;; ^ 

Production  and  Industry ;;;;:;;  566 

^^}^^-^ys. 566 

A«     rfe*P*^ 566 

Angol,  Chile 140 

Angola:                         ^*^ 

Cable  Rates 597 

Cities -  e<y7 

f~,               OV7 

L/ommerce 597 

Consular  Regulation^: ::::::::::::::::  597 

Customs  Tanff 597 

g>«t"?*8 597 

f^P^!5« 597 

i°»P?^? 597 

Mail  Time cqt 

Minerals eryr 

Money  Orders =07 

Parce   Post 597 

Petroleum 597 

Population .07 

l^.f^<^tS 597 

Hallways eQ7 

Shipping  Routes KQ7 

lelegraphs 597 

Anguilla  Island,  West  Indies .  .  .  : 88-Sq 

Anhwei  (prov.),  China ^9 

Ani-Galakka.  French  Equatorial  Africa . . : : :  575 

Anjouan  Island.  Comoro  Islands  584 

Annam,  French  Indo  China : : 451 

Annobon  Island,  Spanish  Africa.       596 

Antananariva,  Madagascar :::::::  580 

Antigua,  Guatemala 31 

Antigua  Island,  West  Indi^: : : : 88-89 

Antimony:  

AustnilU 608 

^'.»^a 125 

^°"a 442 

^^f^^ce 270 

Hunganr. . .    302 

India,  Bntish 455 

iiaiy 310 

ifP»°_     ;  ••  • 480 

New  Zealand 623 

A   ♦•      "^   ;j    ■<-^\-\ 196-198 

Antioquia  (dept.),  Colombia 153 

Antipodes  Island,  Kermadec  Islands  628 

Antivarie.  Jugo-Slavia 315 


f  » 


712 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


INDEX 


713 


,ii 


Page 

■tAO 

Antofagasta  (proy.).  Chile j^g 

Antofagasta  (city) .  Clule ^^^ 

Antrim  (Co.),  Ireland ggg 

Antsirabe,  Madagascar ^29 

Antung,  China. .  •••••.••• 230 

Antwerp  (proy.),  Belgium 230 

Antwerp  (city),  Belgium .  .  .  .^ jog 

An»oatequi  (state).  Veneauela ^^^ 

Aomori,  Japan. .  •■■••• 322 

Apeldoom,  Netherlands gjg 

Apia,  Samoan  Islands ^qq 

Apulia  (dept.),  Italy. 209 

Apure  (state).  Venmiela jq2 

Apurimac  (dept.).  Peru. . .  • .  •  •  •  •  ■ ^qq 

Aquila  delgi  AbruMi  (prov.).  Italy |^ 

Arabia •  • 128 

Aracaju,  Brazil 299 

Arad,  Hungary ..  •••••.•,•; ;  ^•  ; 575 

Aradk,  French  Equatorial  Africa ^ 

Aragua  (state).  Vene.uela. j^g 

Arauca  (comm.),  Colombia 291 

Arcadia  (dept.),  Greece. 3^^ 

Archangel  (prov.) .  Russia jg ^ 

Archidona,  Ecuador 263 

Ardfeche  (dept.),  France 263 

Ardennes  (dept.).  France jg2 

Arequipa  (dept.).  Peru jgg 

Arequipa  (city),  Peru gQg 

Arezzo  (prov.),  Italy 3^7 

Aresao  (city),  Italy 107-120 

Argentina.  •.•.•••-,%. 119 

Advertising  Media 115-116 

Agriculture.  .••••• iQg 

Area  and  Population ggj 

Automobiles j20 

Cable  Rates .  . ._ io9 

Cities,  Population ,  ^^ 

Clearing  House  Returns ^^ 

Climate 109-113 

Commerce •  •  •  ••••••. iia-ll4 

Commercial  EstabUshments 120 

Consular  Regulations. ,.« 

Consular  Representatives ^  ^^ 

Copper. ;;••;;       120 

Customs  1  anil jjg 

Dairy  Industry 109-113 

Exports. •  •  ;ii6-117 

Forest  Resources jjy 

Gold 116 

Grain '  .109-111 

lXSkiE;iiibii.toe.;t;: : : : : : :  :::..■  i"-ii| 

Linseed 114 

Livestock 115 

Maiie. ! '.  .117  ,118 

Manufactures jjg^  n^ 

Meat  Industry ^17 

Minerals 120 

SJrj.S^rh..»<iM...u.e.:.v.-.::::    \\i 

Oats. • ; ;      120 

Parcel  Post 117 

Petroleum 12O 

Postal  Rates    •;•;■;;•; 114-118 

Production  and  Industry ^Qg 

Provinces 117 

Quebracho ng 

Railways ng 

Shipping 119 

Shipping  Routes jjg 

Sugwr.-: 108 

Temtones 117 

Tungsten us 

Wheat 116 

Wine ; ; ;  .112, 115 

Wool 345 

Argesh  (dept.).  Rumania ^^ 

Argolis  (dept.),  Greece ^^^ 

Argyll  (CO.),  Swtland '  *  2M 

Argyrocastro,  Greece 263 

An^e  (dept.).  France 


Page 

100 
Arima.  Trinidad . ,,-5 

Arkhangelsk.  Russia. 2o2 

Armagh  (co.).  Ireland Ti^ 

Armavir,  Russia 

Armenia:       ,  ^       ,    .  305 

Area  and  PopulaUon ^"^ 

Amhem.  Netherlands J^J 

Arsenic.  France 091 

Arta  (dept.),  Greece X^^ 

Artigas  (dept.).  Uruguay ''^g 

Aruba,  Curayao 592 

Arsila,  Morocco ^yj 

Ashigawa,  Japan 

Asbestos:  gQg 

Australia aok 

India,  British *°J 

Quebec C07 

Rhodesia,  Southern °f  * 

Union  of  South  Africa ^J 

Ascension  Island.  ••••••• oqa 

Ascoli  Piceno  (proy.).  Italy |^ 

Ashanti.  British  West  Africa °^ 

Commerce ggg 

Exports 555 

Gold.. 655 

I  mports, 555 

Population 555 

Products. 

Asia  Minor:  ,  „       ,  ..  395 

Area  and  Population JJJ 

Asir,  Principate  of «« 

Askhabad,  Russia.  ...•.•••  •  •    ;. |S 

Asklins  Island,  British  West  Indies ^ 

Asmara,  Eritrea 

Asphalt:  224 

Austria Q 

Canada ^57 

Colombia 287 

Germany 3Q2 

Hungary gjQ 

Italy 380 

Spain.- 103 

Tnnidad 2I6 

Venesuela ^qq 

Assab,  Eritrea. .  •  • .-  •  j,- ;. ••  v 453 

Assam  (prov).  India,  British r^ 

Assam  (state).  India,  British J^^ 

Assinie.  Ivory  Coast ^gg 

Astara  Benderguei.  Peram «-- 

Astrakhan  (prov.),  Russim JJJ 

Astrakhan  (city),  Russia ^ 

Asuncion,  Paraguay ggj 

Aswan.  Egypt ggj 

Asyut,  EyKPt. . . .  ^ • ;  143 

Atacama  (provO.  Chile. ,^ 

Atbara,  Anglo-Egyptian  Sudan gj 

Athens,  Greece ji*  •  *  v  "V. «2ft 

Atieh  (dist.) .  Dutch  East  Indies 628 

Atlantico  (dept.) .  Colombia ^ 

Attica  (dept.),  Greece 263 

Aube  (dept.),  France ■•■■.•■, 619 

Auckland  (prov.).  New  Z«iland 0* 

Auckland  (city).  New  Zwland. Jj 

Auckland  Islands,  New  Zealand °g 

Aude  (dept.),  France 278 

Augsburg,  Germany. 240 

Aussig.  Csecho-Slovakia 

Aust-Agder  (dist.),  Norway 

Australia:  gjg 

Advertising  Media 603-607 

Agriculture caq 

Alunite 608 

Antimony •  •  .• flnt-fi02 

Area  and  Population 608 

Asbestos ^Qi 

Automobiles /mv>  aoi 

Barley 608 

Bismuth gj5 

Cable  Rates gQ2 

Cities,  PopulaUon g^Q 

Climate 


Page 

Australia  (cent.): 

Coal 608 

Coke 608 

Commerce 602-603 

Consular  Regulations 615 

Copper 608 

Crops 603-605 

Customs  Tariff 616 

Diamonds 608 

Exports 602-603 

Fisheries 609 

Flax 605 

Forest  Resources 609 

Fruit 604, 605 

Gold 608,  609 

Gypsum 608 

Hay 604 

Imports 602 

Inoustrial  Establishments 610-613 

Iron 608 

Kaolin 608 

Language 615 

Lead 608 

Limestone 608 

Livestock 605-607 

Lumber 609 

Mail  Time 615 

Maise 603,  604 

Manganese 608 

Manufactures 609-613 

Minerals 608-609 

Mining  Industry 608-609 

Molybdenite 608 

Money  Orders 615 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures 615 

Oats 603,  604 

Parcel  Post 615 

Platinum 608 

Post  Offices 615 

Postal  Rates 615 

Potatoes 604,  605 

Precious  Stones 608 

Production  and  Industry 603-613 

Railways 601,  614 

Rice 603,  604 

Rye 603,  604 

Salt 608 

Scheelite 608 

Shale 608 

Shipping  Routes 615 

Silver 608 

Sugar 604,  605 

Sugar  Beets 604,605 

Tin 608 

Tobacco » 605 

Uranium 608 

Vegetables 604,  605 

Vinegar 604 

Wheat 603,  604 

Wireless  Stations 615 

Wolfram 608 

Zinc 608 

Austria: 

Agriculture 222-223 

Alcohol 225 

Area  and  Population 219 

Asphalt. 224 

Automobiles 691 

Barley. 223 

Boundaries *         218 

Cable  Rates 226 

Cities,  Population 219 

Coal 224 

Commerce 220-222 

Copper 223,  224 

v^rops ••••.••••«•«•••••...•         ^^bO 

Customs  Tariff 226 

i-jxports •..••.•••••••■•.••■• A^Sj  jiJiJi 

Fisneries 224 

Forest  Resources 223 

Graphite 223,  224 

Honey 223 


Page 
Austria  (cont.): 

Imports 220-222 

Industrial  Establishments 224-225 

Industrial  Losses 218 

Industries 225 

Iron 224 

Language 225 

Lead 223,  224 

Lignite 224 

Livestock 223 

Lumber 223 

Mail  Time 226 

Maize 223 

Manufactures 224-225 

Minerals 223.  224 

Mining  Industry 224 

Money  Orders 226 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures 225 

Oats 223 

Parcel  Post 226 

Post  Offices 225 

Postal  Rates 226 

Potatoes 223 

Production  and  Industry 222-225 

Railways 225 

Rivers 225 

Roads 225 

Rye 223 

Salt 224 

Shipping  Routes 226 

Sugar 225 

Sugar  Beets 223 

Sulphur 224 

Telegraphs 225 

Telephones 225 

Territorial  Losses 218 

Tobacco 225 

Wheat 223 

Zinc 223,  224 

Automobiles,  World's  Census 691 

Aveiro  (dist.),  Portugal 338 

Avellaneda,  Argentina 109 

Avellino  (prov.),  Italy 306 

Aveyron  (dept.),  France 263 

Avila  (prov.),  Spain 370 

Ayacucho  (dept.),  Peru 192 

Ayacucho  (city),  Peru 193 

Ayr  (CO.),  Scotland 402 

Azerbaijan  Tartars,  Republic  of 368 

Azoques.  Ecuador 161 

Azores: 

Area  and  Population 226 

Cable  Rates 228 

Commerce 226-227 

Consular  Regulations 228 

Consular  Representatives 228 

Customs  TarifiF 228 

Exports 227 

Imports 227 

Mail  Time 228 

Money  Orders 228 

Parcel  Post 228 

Postal  Rates 228 

Shipping 228 

Shipping  Routes 228 

Azov,  Russia 355 

Azua  (prov.),  Dominican  Republic 73 

Azuay  (prov.),  Ecuador 161 


B 


Babahayo,  Ecuador 

Bacau  (dept.),  Rumania. 
Badajoz  (city),  Spain. . .  . 
Badajoz  (prov.),  Spain.  . 
Bagamoyo,  East  Africa. . 

Bagdad,  Turkey 

Bahama  Islands 

Agriculture 

Area  and  Population . 

Cable  Rates 

Climate 

Commerce 


161 

346 

369 

370 

549 

396 

59-60 

59 

59 

59 

59 

59 


I 


t. 


1 


i' 


714 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


INDEX 


715 


lli 


Page 

Bahama  Islands  (cont.) : 

Consular  Representatives o" 

Customs  Tariff ^ 

Exports _Q 

Imports ^Q 

Money  Orders ^ 

Monev,  Weights  and  Measures ^ 

Parcel  Post ^ 

Postal  Rates ^ 

Production  and  Industry "^ 

Shipping  Routes ^ 

Bisal , KQ 

Sponge  Fisheries ~^ 

Telephones "^ 

Bahrein  islands:  .„. 

Area  and  Population ^- .  ^%* 

Commerce i^f^ 

Exports I5II42? 

Imports ~loK 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures **^ 

Production  and  Industry **» 

Bahia  (state).  Brazil • \^ 

Bahia  (Sao  Salvador)  (city),  Branl ^f° 

Bahia  Blanca,  Argentina i"f 

Baia  Verapaz  (dept.).  Guatemala "»i 

BiUtel.  Senegal. . . . ., . . . . . ....  •  •  •  •  •  ^ ^ix 

Baker  Islands,  British  Pacific  Islands o^ 

Baku  (prov.),  Russia ^^ 

Baku  (city),  Russia.  ...■•. ^% 

Balakhany.  Sabunchi,  Russia ^^^ 

Balata,  British  Guiana *^° 

Baleares  (prov.),  Spain %^ 

Bali  (dist.),  Dutch  East  Indies ^ 

Ballarat,  Australia ""^ 

Bal<ichist&n:                  ,  .„, 

Area  and  Population **" 

Cable  Rates *^ 

Commerce ^oe 

Consular  Regulations **^ 

Exports *^^ 

Imports ^il 

Mail  Time *^ 

Money  Orders **^ 

Parcel  Post J25 

Postal  Rates 7^ 

RaUways l^% 

Roads *i% 

Shipping  Routes *^^ 

Balute-Nowe,  Poland j^ 

Bamboo,  Japan^.  ■■■■■■•■  ■■\: ^ 

Banca  Island,  Dutch  East  Indies ^ 

Banff  (CO.),  Scotland *"* 

Bangalore,  India,  British |^^ 

Bangkok,  Siam.  . ^^ 

Banja  Lucka,  Jugo-Slavia ^i? 

Banks.  China *™ 

Liberia 9^ 

Persia •. ^^ 

Barahona  (prov.)',  Dominican  Republic 73 

Barahona  (city),  Dominican  Republic to 

Barbados ^^^ 

Area  and  Population °" 

Automobiles "^} 

Cable  Rates ^ 

Climate ra-«i 

Commerce ^ri 

Consular  Regulations ^J 

Cotton ®; 

Customs  Tariff ^» 

Distilleries fin-fil 

Exports Rivlfil 

Imports Ai 

Manjack J* 

Minerals ~^ 

Molasses 5} 

Money  Orders Jt 

Parcel  Post "J 

Postal  Rates 5f 

Production  and  Industry ^| 

Rum 5| 

Shipping  Routes 5i 

Sugar 


Page 

Barcelona  (prov.),  Spain 370 

Barcelona  (city),  Spam ^ 

Barcelona,  Veneiuela f^ 

Bareilly,  India,  British *°^ 

B&rfur(ksh,  Persia *^ 

Bari,  Italy ^' 

=""/u.tr.li. 803.  W4 

Austria ^j 

Belgium f^ 

Bulgaria "^ 

Canada ^g~ 

Chosen ^g 

Cyprus „,„  f^^ 

Ciecho-Slovakia -**-*'  ^ 

Denmark f2o 

Egypt nKO    OKQ 

Finland ^^ 

Germany f^ 

Hungary ..a  yfrn 

Ireland ***»•  "* 

Italy J^ 

Japan  •  ■  • ; otj 

Jugo-Slavia 5A- 

Netherlands gS 

New  Zealand Pno 

Norway gfY 

Portugal Sra 

Rumania 3?^ 

Russia oort  ,Si 

Spain SX'  St 

Sweden ^86,  387 

Switierland ^xf 

Tunb ?2X 

Union  of  South  Africa |*" 

Uruguay fS 

Barmen,  Germany      .•••,•,•: TiS 

Baroda  (state).  India,  Bntisn •og 

Baroda  (city).  India.  British •ov 

Barquisimeto.  Venesuela ^"r 

Barranco,  Peru i^ 

Barranquilla,  Colombia *^ 

Bari  delle  Puglie  (prov.),  Italy «w 

Basra,  Turkey ^ 

Basse  Terre,  Guadeloiipe _1» 

Basses-Alpes  (dept),  France ^ 

Basses-Pyign^es  (dept.),  France -«» 

Basutoland:                   .  -n^ 

Area  and  Population »|* 

Commerce zf^ 

Currency ^g 

Exports ^2« 

Imports °rt^ 

Livestock °g 

Postal  Service ^fT 

Railways ?,? 

Roads u- V,-  •  •  •,•  •  J- R90 

Batavia  (Java),  Dutch  East  Indies o^ 

Batum  (prov),  Russia ^^ 

Batum  (city),  Russia. ^  ^r? 

Batum  (city).  Russia  Exports ^"' 

Bauxite.  Guiana.  British ^ 

Bayab  (dept.),  Siam »*» 

Beans:  253 

Finland rtfto 

France f?- 

Hawaii .--  ?Tf 

Ireland **"'  ^Ai 

Italy ^yg 

Japan S. . 

Portugal 52q 

Spain ogfl 

Sweden • qq  ^^q*. 

Taiwan **"•  *XX 

Tunis r?X 

Uganda  Protectorate iiiilJtAiA  iir 

United  KinRdom 414. 415, 416, 417 

Bechuanaland  Protectorate: 

Area  and  Population Jg 

Climate v^ 

Gold ?2« 

Livestock 


Page 

Bechuanaland  Protectorate  (oont.): 

Minerals 255 

Post  Offices 525 

XVcHi  iv  nj' 9  ••■••••••■•■■••••••••••••••■  vmtiM 

^3U  V  61  •••■■   ••••••••••••••••■••*••■••■  vvv 

Telegraphs 525 

Bedford  (00.),  England 401 

Bees: 

Abyssinia 519 

Hungary 302 

Beeswax,  Abyssinia 519 

Beira  (prov.),  Portugal 338 

Beirut,  Turkey 396 

Beia  (dist.),  Portugal 338 

Belem  do  Para,  Brasil 128 

Belfast,  Ireland 402 

Belfort  (dept.),  France 263 

Belgian  Congo: 

Agriculture 522 

Area  and  Population 521 

Cable  Rates 523 

Commerce 521—522 

Consular  Regulations 523 

^^Ou^/Ca  •    •   •■••   •   ■••••••■••••••••••••••  VMM 

Customs  Tariff 523 

Exports * 521—522 

Foreign  Population 521 

Forest  Resources 522 

Government 521 

Imports 521—522 

XFon.  .•••••••«••*•■••••«.•.•.•••.•.•  %3A£t 

Livestock 522 

Aiau  xiuiOa  ••••••••■•••••••■•••••*•*  o^tf 

Minerals 522 

Money  Orders 523 

Monev,  Weights  and  Measures 523 

Parcel  Post 523 

Post  Offices ^ 523 

Postal  Rates 523 

Production  and  Industry 522 

Provinces 521 

XvAU  Wftjr  8  ■»••••••••••••••••••••••••••  isAm 

XvlVCTo  .•#•••••••••••••••••••••••••••  O^* 

XvOftOfl  ■•   ■••■••••••••••••••■•••••••••  vmA 

xvUDDcr* •••«••••■•••••••■•••••••••••  9mA 

Shipping  Routes 623 

Telegraphs 523 

X  6i6pllOuvB»  •••••■■•••••>••••••••••••  vwO 

Tin  522 

Transportation 522 

Waterways 522 

Belgium: 

Advertising  Media 234 

Agriculture 231 

Area  and  Population 230 

Automobiles 69 1 

j3ariey  ••■•••■••«•••.•••••••»••••.•••  vox 

v^aDie  xvates. «•••••••••••••••••••••••  ^o^ 

Coal 232-233 

Commerce 230-231 

Consular  Regulatiotis 234 

Consular  Representatives 233 

v^opper ..••••••••••••..•*•.•■•••••••  ^vv 

Customs  Tariff 234 

Dairy  Industry 232 

Exports  ..••••••••••• £d\}~£A  1 

vnm-r  211 

Imports • £3\}~^S  1 

Industrial  Establishments 232-233 

AFOU  •••••••■••«•■•■■••■•••••••••■•••  mt^mmt 

XiaAukUA^v  •  •■•••••■••••••••••••••••••  mOv 

AjCSO  «  •••••••••••••••••••••••••«■•••  Avv 

XjlvCOvOCJL  •  •*•••••••■■••••••«•■■•••••  mOX 

MaUTime 234 

Manufactures 232-233 

Mietal  Industries 233 

Minerals 232-233 

Mining  Industry 232-233 

Money  Orders 234 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures 233 


Page 

Belgium  (cont.): 

Oats 231 

Parcel  Post 234 

Postal  Rates 234 

Potatoes 231 

Production  and  Industry 231-233 

xv  y c ■•>■■•••••••••••••••■•■•••  mo  X 

Shipping  Routes 234 

ouver.  ■•■.■.■•■■••■■■■■.•••■••••*•••  ^^v 

Steel 232 

Sugar  Beets 231 

Textile  Industry 233 

Tobacco 231 

V'  UCCa  w  ••■•■•■■■•■••••••••■■■••■■•■  '^-»  mO  X 

ulUC ••■•••••••■■••••••••••■•••••••••  mOA 

Belgrade,  Jugo-Slavia 315 

Belise,  British  Honduras 24 

Bello  Horisonte,  Brasil 128 

Belluno  (prov.),  Italy 305 

Bell-Ville,  Argentina 109 

Benares,  India,  British 459 

Bender  Abbas,  Persia 498 

Bendery,  Russia 355 

Bendigo,  Australia 602 

Benevento  (prov.),  Italy. ._ 306 

Bengal  (state),  India,  British 458 

Bengal  (prov.),  India,  British 458 

Benghasi,  Tripoli 590 

Benguella,  Angola 597 

Benha,  Eg>npt 561 

Beni  Suef ,  Egjrpt 561 

Benkulen  (dist.),  Dutch  East  Indies 628 

Benthen,  Germany 278 

Beotia,  (dept.),  Greece. . ._ 291 

Bequia.  British  West  Indies 104 

Berar  (prov.),  India,  British 458 

Berbera,  Somaliland  Protectorate 551 

Berdichev,  Russia 355 

Berdyansk,  Russia 355 

Bergamo  (prov.),  Italy 305 

Bergamo  (city),  Italy 307 

Bergen,  Norway 328 

Berks  (co.) .  England 401 

Berlad,  Rumania 347 

Berlin,  Germany 278 

Berlin  Lichtenberg,  Germany 278 

Berlin  Rummelsburg,  Germany 278 

Berlin  Schoneberg,  Germany 278 

Beriin  Stegliti,  Germany 278 

Berlin  Wilmersdorf,  Germany 278 

Bermuda 22-23 

Agriculture 22 

Area  and  Population 22 

Commerce 22—23 

Imports 22 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures 22 

Potatoes 23 

Bern  (Canton),  Switserland 391 

Berwick  (co.),  Scotland 402 

Bessarabia  (prov.) ,  Russia 345, 354 

Beyla  (ter.),  French  Guinea 570 

Bhagalpur,  India,  British 459 

Bhavnagar,  India,  British 459 

Bielefeld,  Germany . . .  •  .•  ; 278 

Bihar  (state),  India,  British 458 

Bihar  (prov.),  India,  British 458 

Biiagos  Archipelago,  Portuguese  Guinea.  .  .  .  598 

Bilboa,  Spain 369 

Billiton  Island,  Dutch  East  Indies 628 

Binder,  French  Equatorial  Africa 575 

Bingerville,  Ivory  Coast 571 

Bio-Bio  (provO .  Chile 143 

Birmingham,  England 402 

Bismarck,  East  Africa ; 549 

Bismarck  Archipelago,  New  Guinea 637 

Bbmuth,  Australia 606 

Bolivia. 125 

India,  British 465 

Bissau,  Portuguese  Guinea 598 

Bitlis,  Turkey 396 


716 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


INDEX 


111 


ill 


til 


Page 

Bitumen,  Greece ^96 

Bi«erte,  Tunis. ^ 

Biorneborg,  Finland ^ 

Black  River,  Jamaica. ~ 

Black  Sea  (prov.),  Russia ^ 

Blagovyeschensk,  Russia ^ 

Blekinge  (govt.).  Sweden ^ 

Bloemfontein,  Umon  of  South  Afncs o^ 

Bluefields  (dept.),  Nicaragua *i 

Bluefields  (city),  Nicaragua *J 

Boaca,  Nicaragua *^ 

Bobruisk,  Russia ^.%^ 

Bocas  del  Toro  (prov.),  Panama *» 

Bocas  del  Toro  (city),  Panama *» 

Bockum,  Germany •1° 

Bocono,  Venetuela t"x 

Bogota,  Colombia -. „,_  *^ 

Bolemia  (prov.),  Ciecho-Slovakia 219,240 

Bohol  Island,  Philippine  Islands o*o 

Bolama  Island,  Portuguese  Guinea ov» 

Bolivar  (dept.).  Colombia J^ 

Bolivar  (prov.),  Ecuador ^ 

BoUvar  (state),  Veneiuela fw 

Bolivia ^^~\Sk 

Advertising  Media jg 

Agriculture ff]l 

Antimonv • **g 

Area  and  Population *** 

Automobiles ^ok 

Bismuth \^ 

Cable  Rates Jg 

Cities,  Population J*| 

Commerce 123—124 

Consular  Regulations *^^io? 

Copper J~ 

Customs  Tariff }g 

fXSs ::::::        123-124 

Manufactures ,  _ .   J*^ 

Minerals ^^^5?« 

Money  Orders ., J26 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures l^ 

Parcel  Post J^J 

Petroleum \^ 

Postal  Rates ,_ .   {*^ 

Production  and  Industry 100 

Railways J^^ 

Rubber \%t 

Sah }g 

Shipping  Routes J*^ 

Tin }*J 

Tungsten \^ 

Zinc J25 

Bologna  (prov.),  Italy ^ 

Bologna  (city).  Italy ^ 

Boma,  Belgian  Congo o*^ 

Bombay  (state),  India,  British 4M 

Bombay  (pres.),  India,  British «» 

Bombay  (city),  India,  British 469 

Bonagai  (Papua),  New  Guinea «»/ 

Bonaire.  Curasao Yn 

Bonavista,  Newfoundland *" 

Bonduku,  Ivory  Coast ^^ 

Bone,  Algeria «^ 

Bonn,  Germany ^'g 

Bonny,  Nigeria •■.'•iV  \"  ?ou 

Bora-Bora-Maupiti  Island,  Leeward  Islands.  630 

Boras,  Sweden ^47 

Borax,  Chile |*' 

Peru *^2 

Borbeck,  Germany *^ 

Bordeaux,  France -^ 

Boric  acid,  Italy '*!" 

Borneo,  British  North: 

Area  and  PopulaUon Jg 

Commerce JS 

Exports Jf? 

Imports tS 

Lumber *^ 


Page 
Borneo,  British  North  (cont,): 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures 4^ 

Production  and  Industry 426 

Railways *2S 

Rubber **» 

Territories *^ 

Tobacco *^ 

Borneo  Island,  Dutch  East  Indies A;;,,,  f?? 

Bosnia-Herzegovina 3**1 31o»  2*^ 

Botosani  (dept.),  Rumania J*© 

Botosani  (city),  Rumania «*{ 

Bouake.  Ivory  Coast .  •  •  •  •  •  • ^ 

Bouches-du-RhAne  (dept.),  France 268 

Bougainville  Island,  Solomon  Islands oo» 

Bounty  Island,  Kermadec  Islands ^ 

Bourgas  (dist.).  Bulgaria faj 

Boyaca  (dept),  Colombia ^ 

Brabant  (prov),  Belgium ^ 

Bradford,  England W» 

Braga  (dist.),  Portugal. «» 

Braganya  (dist.)  Portugal ^ 

Braila  (dept.),  Rumania ^ 

Braila  (city).  Rumania «*• 

Bralistik.  Poland *g 

Brandenburg.  Germany ^'* 

Brandon,  Canada J 

Brantford,  Canada * 

Brasil:  .^<« 

Advertising  Media **" 

Area  and  Population **» 

Automobiles °^ 

Beans JgS 

Brasil  Nuts }«* 

Cable  Rates iqo  ijl 

Cacao ^^^'JS 

Camauba  Wax J^ 

Cattle ;?2 

Cities,  Population \^ 

Climate im  JS 

Coffee 1*2,  lo4 

Commerce ^^"J?J 

Com JJJ 

Consular  Regulations. •  •      J*" 

Consular  Representatives 1  J».  J40 

Cotton "^ 

Customs  Tariff ,„^  JJJ 

Exports ^^^}« 

Gold }35 

Herva  Matt* \%% 

Hides  and  Skins ,oo_JS 

Imports **o— 1«>* 

Industrial  Establishments l^'^'J^? 

Iron...., ;|J 

Livestock  .  .^ ,00  }qS 

Manganese  Ore *"^"*'  *^° 

Manioc  Flour \^ 

Manufacturing  Industries 1^ 

Meat  Industry J3« 

Minerals 135 

Monarite  Sand \^ 

Money  Orders "» 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures lg« 

Parcel  Post !«» 

Platinum Jg^ 

Post  Offices 13» 

Postal  Rates \^ 

Production  and  Industry Jqq 

Railways ,00  ,« 

Rice  133, Ido 

Rubber.'. '.'.'.'. ^^'J?S 

Shipping  Routes   ., i|J 

Shops  and  Foundries ,00  ioc 

Suear...    133.135 

Telegraphs , 107  iqq 

Textile  Industries i;^i'  ioc 

Tobacco J5J'  !?? 

Verba  Mat6 •  •  •  • .- 132.  135 

Bra««aville,  French  Equatorial  Africa 675 

Brechou  Island,  United  Kingdom 402 

Brecon  (co.),  Wales *01 

Breda,  Netherlands ^;^* 

Bremen,  Germany 278 


Page 

Brescia  (prov),  Italy 305 

Brescia  (city),  Italy 307 

Breslau,  Germany 278 

Brest-Litovsk,  Russia 355 

Bridgetown,  Barbados 60 

Brier,  Germany 278 

Brisbane,  Australia 602 

Bristol,  England 402 

British  Columbia  (prov.).  Dominion  of  Can. .  1,4 
British  East  Africa,  see  East  Africa  (formerly 
German    East    African  Protectorate). 
British     East    African     Protectorate, 
Seychelles  Sokotra,    Somaliland   Pro- 
tectorate, Uganda  Protectorate,  Zan- 
sibar  Protectorate. 
British  Guiana,  see  Guiana,  British. 
British  New  Guinea,  See  Paupa. 
British  North   Borneo,  see  Borneo,   British 
North. 

British  Pacific  Islands 616.  617,  627,  637,  638,  639 

British  Solomon  Islands,  see  Solomon  Islands 

(British). 
British  West  Africa,  see  Ascension  Island, 
Ashanti,  Gambia,  Gold  Coast,  Kamerun, 
Nigeria,  Southwest  Africa,  Protectorate 
of;  St.  Helena,  Sierra  Leone,  Togo, 
Tristan  da  Cunha. 

British  West  Indies 

22.  23,  59,  61,  83.  100,  103,  104,  105 

Broken  Hill,  Australia 602 

Bruges,  Belgium 230 

Brunei,  Borneo 426 

Bninn,  C«echo-Slovakia 240 

Brunswick,  Germany 278 

Brussa,  Turkey 396 

Brussels.  Belgium 230 

Bryansk.  Russia 355 

Bucaramanga.  Colombia 153 

Bucharest.  Rumania 347 

Buckwheat: 

France 269 

Japan 478 

Bucks  (00.).  England 401 

Budapest,  Hungary 299 

Budweis,  Csecho-Slovakia 240 

Buea,  Kamerun 657 

Buenos  Aires  (prov.),  Argentina 108 

Buenos  Aires  (Federal  District),  Argentina. .  109 

Buenos  Aires  (city),  Argentina 109 

Buenos  Aires  (city),  Commercial  Establish- 
ments   113-114 

Buka  Island,  Solomon  Islands 638 

Bukoba,  East  Africa 649 

Bukowina.  Rumania 219 

Bulgaria: 

Advertising  Media 239 

Agriculture 237-238 

Area  and  Population 236 

Attar  of  Roses 238 

Automobiles 691 

Bariey 238 

Cable  Rates 239 

Cities,  Population 236 

Coal 238 

Commerce 236-237 

Consular  Regulations. 239 

Consular  Representatives 239 

Com 238 

Crops 238 

Customs  Tariff 239 

Exports 236-237 

Fruit  Crops 238 

Imports 236-237 

Industrial  Establishments 238 

Language 239 

Livestock 238 

Mail  Time 239 

Manufactures 238 

Minerals 238 

Money  Orders 239 


Page 
Bulgaria  (oont.): 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures 239 

Oats 238 

Parcel  Post 239 

Post  Offices !.!.'.  238 

Postal  Rates 239 

Production  and  Industry 237-238 

Quarrying 238 

Railways 238 

Roses ' .  238 

Hye.  ... .  - 238 

Shippmg  Routes 239 

Telegraphs 238 

Telephones 238 

Tobacco 238 

Wheat 238 

Bulbar,  Somaliland  Protectorate 551 

Burgos  (prov.).  Spain 370 

Burgos  (city),  Spain 369 

Burma  (nrov.),  India,  British 458 

Burutu,  Nigeria 558 

Bushire,  Persia 498 

Bute  (CO.),  Scotland 402 

Buturiinovks,  Russia 355 

Bueeu  (dept.),  Rumania 346 

Buzeu  (city).  Rumania 347 

Byelaya  Tserkov,  Russia 355 

Byelostok,  Russia 355 

c 

Cabanas  (dept.),  Salvador 53 

Cabinda,  Angola 597 

Cable  Rates: 

Abyssinia 520 

Afghanistan 424 

Algeria 579 

Angola 597 

Argentina 120 

Australia 615 

Austria 226 

Aaores 228 

Bahama  Islands 59 

Baluchistan 425 

Barbados 61 

Belgian  Congo 523 

Belgium 234 

Bolivia 126 

Brazil 141 

Bulgaria 239 

Cape  Verde  Islands 598 

Ceylon 451 

Vyi-Uit?  •■•••••••••••••■•■••■•••««•(,,,  XOX 

China 444 

Colombia 159 

Costa  Rica 30 

Curagao 73 

Czecho-Slovakia 246 

Denmark 254 

Dominican  Republic 77 

Dutch  East  Indies 635 

Ecuador 167 

Egypt 564 

Federated  Malay  States 495 

Fiji  Islands 617 

Finland 261 

France 273 

French  Indo  China 455 

French  West  Africa 569 

Germany 288 

Greece 297 

Guam  Island 616 

Guatemala 37 

Guiana,  British 179 

Guiana,  Dutch 181 

Guiana,  French 182 

Haiti 83 

Hawaii 643 

Honduras 41 

Hungary 303 

India,  British 457 


718 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


INDEX 


719 


|i 


1 


Page 

Cable  Rates  (cont.):  /gy 

India,  French .^ 

India,  Portuguese *Y^ 

Italy, ^87 

Jamaica ^g2 

Japan o\g 

Jugo-Slavia qq 

Leeward  Islands gg^ 

Madagascar q2 

Martinique gg^ 

Morocco o2g 

Netherlands f^^j 

New  Caledonia xSg 

New  Guinea -o* 

New  Zealand ^]^ 

Nicaragua 33^ 

Norway 52. 

Panama ^qq 

Paraguay ^^ 

£«"»» ; : :  200 

Peru •  •  • ' fici 

Philippine  Islands ^ 

Poland 1  nfi 

Porto  Rico J^ 

Portugal  .-.•.•. cQo 

Portuguese  Guinea ^^j 

Rumania 3^3 

Russia •  •  •  ; cQO 

S.  Thom6  and  Principe og| 

Salvador /^g 

Samoan  Islands g^ 

gift"™ ;•  383 

opain r»o 

Straits  Settlements ^J 

Sweden 304 

Switzerland ,  ^ 

Trinidad •;;;  J^ 

Tunis OQQ 

Turkey JXX 

United  Kingdom 3ff 

Uruguay nifi 

Venesuela. .•••••  vv;  i in4 

Virgin  Islands  of  the  U.  8 JJg 

Windward  Islands ^^. 

Cabo  Gracias  (dist.),  Nicaragua *' 

'^"'^Bn^l 132.135 

Ceylon •    *2^ 

Dominican  Republic '" 

Guiana.  British \'' 

Guiana,  Dutch fig 

Ecuador «,  ao 

Haiti. ^I'lg 

Jamaica • «e« 

Philippine  Islands. ?g* 

8.  Thom6  and  Principe ^ 

Venesuela 070 

Caceres  (provj,  Spain ^1" 

Cadis  (city).  Spain           •  •  • oSX 

Cadis  and  Ceuta  (prov.).  Spain ^j^ 

Cagliari  (city).  Italy ^"^ 

Cagliari  (prov).  Italy    •••••••; "^^ 

Caieos  Islands.  British  West  Indies »» 

Cario.  Eygpt    •.••••••, am 

Caithness  (co.),  Scotland »Vf 

Cajamarca  (city).  Peru *rx 

Cajamarca  (dept.),  Peru ^ 

Calabar,  Nigeria. ^ 

Calabria  (dept),  Italy ^ 

Calamata,  Greece . f?* 

Calcutta.  India,  British *w 

Caldas  (dept.).  Colombia ^^ 

Calgary,  Canada .  „ 

Call,  Colombia i^A 

Caliacra  (dept.),  Rumania Jko 

CaUcut,  India.  British '^^ 

Callao  (city),  Peru *X^ 

Callao  (prov).  Peru. . ^^ 

Caltanissetta  (city).  Italy.  .• fj" 

Caltanissetta  (prov.).  Italy ^ 

Calvados  (dept.).  France <«« 


Page 

Camaguey  (prov.).  Cuba ^3 

Camaguey  (city).  Cuba. .  .- 

Cambodia.  French  Indo  China l°\ 

Cambridge  (co.).  England 

Cameroons.  see  Kamerun.  ..^ 

Campania  (dept).  Italy.  •  •  ••  •  1  •  •  j T^ 

Campbell  Island.  Kermadec  Islands o^J 

Campeche  (state.).  Mexico ^** 

Camphor,  Japan ^g^ 

Campo,  Kamerun.  ..•,••• ona 

Campobasso  (prov.),  Italy ^"" 

Canada:  ^ 

Agriculture    •  •  •  • ; 1 

Area  and  Population ggf 

Automobiles , 

Cities,  Population J 

Coal 2 

Commerce ^ 

Crops 4 

Dairying 9-4 

Exports y 

Fisneries j 

Forest  Resources g 

Gold «_3 

Imports g 

Industrial  Establishments ^ 

Iron jj 

Livestock g_g 

Manufactures °  - 

Mineral  Production    . " 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures » 

Oats J 

Petroleum g 

Post  Ofl&ces 2 

Production  and  Industry • 

Provinces g 

Railways g 

Telegraphs g 

Telephones a 

Wheat g 

Wireless  Stations .^7 

Canar  (prov.),  Ecuador -aTA-'ti?? 

Canary  Islands,  Commerce ^j.^  ^'' 

Canary  Islands,  Exports iik 

Canary  Islands,  Imports JJ^ 

Canea.  Greece »g< 

Canea  (dept.),  Greece fxf 

Candia.  Greece aao 

Canelones  (dept).  Uruguay ^g 

Cantal  (dept).  France    •••■•:••% f?g 

Canterbury  (prov.) .  New  Zealand Jg 

Canton,  China •.•.•.:,••••  "^ ', kka 

Cape  Coast  Castle.  Gold  Coa-«.t  Colony JW 

Cape  Province.  Union  of  South  Africa 0^ 

Cape  Town.  Union  of  South  Africa OM 

Cape  Verde  Islands:  -q- 

Cable  Rates Jg 

Commerce .«« 

Consular  Regulations Jg 

Customs  Tariff jg 

Exports ggg 

Imports ino 

Mail  Time ^ 

Money  Orders JS 

Parcel  Post 2g 

Population ^2 

Postal  Rates Xos 

Shipping  Routee °J? 

Caqueta.  Colombia *2o 

Carabane  Island,  Senegal of« 

Carabobo  (state),  Venesuela ^ 

Caracas,  Venesuela ff^ 

Carapegna,  Paraguay *J* 

Caraio  (dept.),  Nicaragua " 

Carbonear,  Newfoundland *" 

Carchi  (prov),  Ecuador ^Ji 

Cardenas.  Cuba ^ 

Cardigan  (co.),  Wales ,. ,  *Vi 

ctrinOiTa  (prov).  Austria. . .  .218.  219.  314.  315.  3^ 

Carlow  (CO.),  Ireland *"• 


Page 

Carmarthen  (00.),  England 401 

Canarias  (prov.),  Spain 370 

Carnarvon  (co.),  Wales 401 

Camauba  Wax,  Brasil 133 

Camiola 219. 314, 316, 318 

Caroline  Islands,  Pacific  Islands 616 

Carriacou  Island,  British  West  Indies 104 

Cartagena,  (Ilolombia 153 

Cartagena,  Spain 369 

Carfauo  (city).  Costa  Rica 26 

Cartago  (prov.).  Costa  Rica 26 

Casablanca.  Morocco 592 

Caserta  (prov.).  Italy 306 

Cassava,  Dutch  East  Indies 632 

CaaMva.  Hawaii 642 

Cassel.  Germany 278 

Castello  Brancho  (dist.),  Portugal 338 

Castellon  (city),  Spain 369 

Castellon  (prov.),  Spain 370 

Catamarca  (prov.),  Argentina 108 

Catania  (city),  Italy 307 

Catania  (prov.).  Italy 306 

Catanraro  (prov.).  Italy 306 

Cauca  (dept.).  Colombia 153 

Cauguenes,  Chile 143 

Cautin  (prov.),  Chile 143 

Cavalla,  Greece 291 

Cavan  (co.).  Ireland 402 

Cawnpore.  India,  British 459 

Cayaba,  Brasil .  .  .  .^ 128 

Ceara  (state) ,  Brasil 128 

Cebu  (city),  Philippine  Islands 645 

Cebu  Island,  Philippine  Islands 645 

Ceiba,  Honduras 38 

Celaya.  Mexico 14 

Celebes  Island.  Dutch  East  Indies 628 

Cement.  Germany 285 

Cement,  Spain 379 

Cephalonia  (dept.),  Greece 291 

Cerro  de  Pasco,  Peru 193 

Cerro  Largo  (dept.),  Uruguay 202 

Cettinje,  Jugo-Slavia 315 

Ceylon: 

Agriculture 450 

AJrea  and  Population 446 

Automobiles 691 

Cable  Rates 451 

Cacao 450 

Cinnamon 450 

Cities,  Population 446 

Climate 446 

Cocoanuts 450 

Commerce 447—450 

Consular  Regulations 451 

Customs  Tariff 450 

Exports 447-450 

Imports 447-449 

Language 450 

Livestock 450 

Mail  Time 451 

Manufactures 450 

Minerals 450 

Money  Orders 451 

Money.  Weights  and  Measures 450 

.  Parcel  Post 451 

Pearl  Fisheries 450 

Plumbago 450 

Poet  Offices 450 

Poetal  Rates 451 

Precious  Stones 450 

Production  and  Industry 450 

Provinces 446 

Railways 450 

aVIOC  ••••••■•••••••••••■•••••••■••••■  VO^J 

IvUDDcr •■•••••••••••■••■  4ou 

Shipping  Routes 450 

Tea 450 

Telegraphs 450 

Chaco  (terr.),  Argentina 108 

Chad    Circumscription,    French    Equatorial 

Africa 575 


Page 

Chalatenango  (dept.),  Salvador 53 

Chalatenango  (city),  Salvador 53 

Chalcis,  Greece 291 

Chalk,  United  Kingdom 417 

Champerico,  Guatemala 32 

Chanaernagar  (col.),  India,  French 467 

Changsha.  China 429 

Channel  Islands,  Area  and  Population 401—402 

Chantaburi  (dept.).  Siam 502 

Charente  (dept),  France 263 

Charente-Inferieure  (dept.).  France 263 

Charleroi,  Belgium 230 

Charlotte    Amalie,    Virgin    Islands    of    the 

United  States 104 

Charlottenburg.  Germany 278 

Charlottetown.  Canada 1 

Chatham,  Canada 1 

Chatham  Islands,  New  Zealand 619.  626 

Chefoo,  China 429 

Chekiang  (prov.),  China 429 

Chelyabinsk,  Russia 355 

Chemulpo.  (Chosen 486 

Cher  (dept.).  France 263 

Cherkassy,  Russia 355 

Chernigov  (prov.).  Russia 354 

Chernigov  (city).  Russia 355.  367 

Chester  (co.),  England 401 

Chiapas  (state),  Mexico 14 

Chiclayo,  Peru 192 

Chieti  (prov.),  Italy 306 

Chihli  (prov.),  China 429 

Chihuahua  (state).  Mexico 14 

Chihuahua  (city) ,  Mexico 14 

ChUe: 

Advertising  Media 151 

Agriculture 148 

Alfalfa 148 

Area  and  Population 143 

Automobiles 691 

Borates 147 

t^auie  xvates* ..• lox 

Cities,  Population 143 

Clay 146 

Climate 142 

Clover 148 

Coal 146, 147 

Commerce 144-146 

Consular  Regulations 150 

Consular  Representatives 150 

Copper 146, 147 

Exports 144-146 

Guano 146 

Gypsum 146 

Imports 144-146 

Industrial  Establishments 149 

Iodine 146 

Iron 146, 147 

Lead 146 

Lime 146 

Livestock 149 

Minerals 146-148 

Mining  Industry 142 

Money  Orders 151 

Money.  Weights  and  Measures 160 

Nitrate 146 

Parcel  post 151 

Post  Offices 149 

Postal  Rates 151 

Production  and  Industry 146-149 

Railways 149 

Refineries 147 

Salt 14ft 

Shipping  Routes 150 

Sulphur 146 

Telegraphs 149 

Telephones 150 

w  neax  ...••.......••.■............■■  X40 

Chilian,  Chile 143 

Chilo^  (prov.) .  Chile 143 

Chimaltenango  (dept.),  Guatemala 31 

Chimaltenango  (city),  Guatemala 31 


II 


i 


il 


I  < 


n 


720 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


INDEX 


721 


Page 

Chimboraio  (prov.),  Educador 161 

Cliina:  ..„ 

Advertising  Media *J^ 

Agriculture *Ti 

Antimony Jz;z 

Area  and  Population **? 

Automobiles 22* 

Banks *2d 

Cable  Rates T*^ 

Cities,  Population *^ 

Climate Jg 

Coal nt\    AAf\ 

Commerce *^1? 

Commercial  Houses *j^ 

Consular  Regulations *J* 

Consular  Representatives 4*^ 

Copper JJ^ 

Cotton T;i 

Customs  Tariff .orxTTn 

Exports ^^^? 

Foreign  Firms **^ 

Foreign  Population **^ 

Gold Ain^7 

Imports ^^^l 

Iron *^5 

Lead JJ2 

Livestock TTi 

Mail  Time jf* 

Manufactures ^^^ 

Minerals TT^ 

Mining  Industry *2l 

Money  Orders . ^^^ 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures *  'UV 

Oil,  Soya-bean **^ 

?^k^'^^°''.•.■.■:;;::: ;:;:::.:::  :;::;:;m^^ 

Poet  Offices Jlj 

Postal  Rates J*J 

Provinces *^9 

Railways *^  f 

Rice J*^ 

Roads Ill 

Shipping  Routes ^^f 

Silk JJJ 

Silver J42 

Soya-beans ^*J 

Sugar *J} 

Tea **^ 

Telegraphs **^ 

Textile  Industry ^^i 

Tin *^2 

Trade  Methods j^^ 

Waterways *** 

Chinandega  (dept.),  Nicaragua «i 

Chinandega  (city),  Nicaragua ** 

Chinchou,  Chosen j^ 

Chinkianp,  China J^ 

Chin-pan-po,  Chosen *°^ 

Chinwangtao,  China **^ 

Chios  (dept.),  Greece ^* 

Chiquimuia,  Guatemala ^o 

Chiriqui  (prov.),  Panama J^ 

Chirmo,  Nyasaland  Protectorate |*o 

Chita,  Russia ^^e 

Chitre,  Panama J^ 

Chivilcoy,  Argentina \*^ 

Choco  (intend.),  Colombia *^ 

Choiseul  Island,  Solomon  Islands 6^ 

Chontales  (dept.),  Nicaragua 41 

Chosen  ^Korea):  _ 

Agriculture ^ak 

Area  and  Population '*°S 

Barley J87 

Cities,  Population *?" 

Pottl                                        ***** 

*.^Oai AQR—±ii7 

Commerce aq? 

Cotton 2°4 

Electric  plants aoaJb? 

Exports 486-487 

Fisheries ^^ 

Foreign  Population *°" 


Page 

Chosen  (Korea)  (cont.):  ^ 

Forest  Resources *?| 

Ginseng *°4 

Gold J^ 

Graphite ^eA_la7 

Imports 4R« 

Iron *52 

Livestock *°^ 

Manufactures *°* 

Minerals *2o 

Production  and  Industry ^^a^ 

Rice J°^ 

Soya-beans *°' 

Tobacco •••  •  •^- ;  •••.• Ico 

Chota  Nagpur  (prov.),  India,  British 458 

Chowman  (dist.),  Bulgaria *»» 

Chovillos,  Peru • '^^ 

Christchurch,  New  Zealand •  •    •  •  •  •.•  •  •  **^ 

Christianstadt,  Virgin  Islands  of  the  United 

States      

Christmas  island,  Straits  Settlements 613 

Chrome  ore:  „„- 

New  Caledonia ^ 

New  Zealand °5^ 

Rhodesia,  Southern «*' 

Turkey ^ 

Chromite,  Greece f^ 

Chromite,  India.  British ^^o 

Chubut  (terr.),  Argentina j"» 

Chungking,  China.  .■•••; ^fs 

Chuquisaca  (dept.),  Bolivia    i** 

Cienfuegos,  Cuba.  .  ..••••. «XX 

Cinchona,  Dutch  East  Indies ^ 

Cinnamon,  Celyon *^ 

Ciscaucasia  (prov.),  RuMia. . .  •.•••• ^aa 

Cities.  Di.stances  from  New  York,  etc ^ 

Ciudad  Bolivar,  Vene«uela *w 

Ciudad  Real  (prov.) ,  Spain ^Ao 

Clackmannan  (co.),  Scotland W| 

Clare  (co.),  Ireland W^ 

Clay.  Chile UJ 

Clay.  India.  British *J{ 

Cloves.  Zanzibar  Protectorate o&* 

Coahuila  (state),  Mexico ** 

Coal:  fniB 

Australia SS 

Austria ^ 

Belgium 232,  ^66 

Bulgaria ^^ 

Canada ® 

Chile ^*^'\il 

China ^ 

Chosen *2* 

Csecho-Slovakia 245 

Dutch  East  Indies J^i 

Federated  Malay  States 4»4 

France    ^7U 

French  Indo  China o7«  oSJ 

Germany Sa 

Hungary ^f 

India,  British *» 

Japan _  _  *°" 

Jugo-Slavia 'ooS 

Netherlands ^^ 

New  Zealand ^^ 

Nyasaland  Protectorate o*" 

Peru JS 

Poland 335 

Portugal ^ 

Rhodesia,  Southern gj" 

Rumania ^^V 

Russia *2a 

Spain .    ^ 

Rwaailand  Protectorate o^ 

Sweden J»J 

Taiwan ,rV 

Turkey    

Union  of  South  Africa 542 

United  Kingdom 417,418 

Veneiuela 216 

World's  Production 6w 


Cobalt,  Germany 

Coban,  Guatemala 

Cobleni,  Germany 

Cochabamba  (dept.),  Bolivia 

Cochabamba  (city),  Bolivia 

Cochin  (state),  India,  British 

Cochin-China,  French  Indo  China. . . 

Cocld  (prov.),  Panama 

Coooa: 

»^f  mil  ■■•••■•••••••••••••••■• 

Dutch  East  Indies 

J^  10ttlo|{utt  ■•■••••••••••••■■••• 

Peru 

Trinidad 

Uganda  Protectorate 

World's  Production 

Cocoanuts : 

Ceylon 

Fiji  Islands 

Guiana,  British 

Kelantan  (state),  Malay  States 

Papua 

Philippine  Islands 

Seychelles  Islands 

Zanzibar  Protectorate 

Cooos  (Keeling)  Islands,  Straits  Settlements 
Ck)ffee: 

Abyssinia 

Colombia 

Costa  Rica 

Dominican  Republic 
Dutch  East  Indies . . 

Guatemala 

Guiana,  British 

XXoivl  •■■••••••••••• 

J3A  n^lUl  •••••••••••• 

Jamaica 

Nicaragua 

Nyasaland  Protectorate. 

Peru 

Philippine  Islands 

Porto  Rioo 

Salvador 

Uganda  Protectorate . . . 

Venesuela 

Windward  Islands 

World's  Production .... 
Coimbra  (dist.),  Portugal. . . 
Cojedes  (state),  Venesuela.  . 

Coiutepeque,  Salvador 

Coke: 

Australia 

Rhodesia,  Southern .... 

Spain 

Union  of  South  Africa . . 

Colchagua  (prov.),  Chile 

Colima  (state),  Mexico 

Cologne,  Germany 

Colombia: 

Advertising  Media 

Agriculture 

Area  and  Population . . . 

Asphalt 

Automobiles 

Cable  Rates 

Cattle 

Cities,  Population 

Climate 

Coffee 

Commerce 

Consular  Regulations. . . 

Consular  Representatives 

Copper 

Custom's  Tariff. 

Exports 

Forest  Ftoducts 

Gold 


!••••' 


Page 

287 
31 
278 
122 
122 
468 
461 
48 

132, 135 
632 
557 
46 
197 
103 
553 
G92 

460 
616 
176 

496 
637 
651 
550 
554 
513 

519 

132, 134 

156 

29 

76 
632 

35 

177 

81-82 

642 

86 

46 

526 

197 

651 

96.98 

57 
397 
553 
214 
105 
692 
338 
209 

53 

608 
527 
379 
542 
143 
14 
278 

150 
153 
153 
157 
601 
159 
157 
153 
152 
156 
154-156 
169 
158 
157 
158 
164-166 
153, 157 
167 


Colombia  (cont.): 

Imports 

Industrial  Establishments 

Livestock 

Manufactures 

Minerals  and  Mines 

Money  Orders 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures 

Parcel  Post 

Petroleum , 

Platinum 

Post  Offices  and  Telegraphs 

Postal  Rates 

Precious  Stones 

Production  and  Industry. 

Railways 

Rivers 

Rubber 

Shipping  Routes 

Silver 

Telegraphs 

Colombo,  Ceylon 

Colon  (prov.),  Panama 

Colon  (citv),  Panama 

Colonia  (dept.),  Uruguay. . . . 

Comino  Island,  Malta 

Como  (prov.),  Italy 

Como  (city),  Italy 

Comoro  Islands: 

Area  and  Population .... 

Exports 

Forest  Resources 

Imports 

Lumber 

Vanilla 

Concepci6n  (prov.),  Chile. . . . 

Concepci6n  (city),  Chile 

Concepci6n,  Paraguay 

Concepcion  de  la  Vega,  Dominican 

CJoncordia,  Argentina 

Congo  (dist.},  Angola 

Congo,  Belgian,  see  Belgian  Congo 
Congo  Kasai  (prov.),  Belgian  Congo 

Connaught,  Ireland 

Const  antine,  Algeria 

Constantinople,  Turkey. .... 
Constanza  (dept.),  Rumania 
Constanza  (city),  Rumania. 
Cook  Islands,  New  2<ealand 

Coomassie,  Ashanti 

Coorg  (prov.),  India,  British 
Copenhagen,  Denmark . . . 

Copiap6,  Chile 

Copper: 

Argentina 

Australia 

Austria 

Belgian  Congo 

Bel^um 

Bolivia 

Canada 

Chile 

Cnma 

Colombia 

France 

Germany 

Greece 

Hungary 

India,  British 

Italy 

Japan 

Jugo-Slavia 

Mexico 

New  Zealand 

Norway 

Panama 


Papua . 
Peru.  . 


Republic 


Page 

164-156 
157 
157 
167 

157-158 
157 
159 
158 
159 
157 
157 
158 
159 
157 

156-157 

153. 158 
154 
156 
169 
157 
158 
446 
48 
48 
202 
320 
305 
307 

584 
584 
684 
584 
584 
584 
143 
143 
184 
73 
109 
697 

521 
402 

678 
396 
346 
347 
619,626 
555 
468 
248 
143 

117 
608 

223.224 

622 

233 

125 

6 

146, 147 
442 
167 
67 
270 
287 
296 
302 
465 
310 
480 

317.318 

17,18 

623 

320 

51 

637 

106. 198 


li 


722 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


INDEX 


723 


i 


i 


Page 

Copper  (cont,):  oai 

Russia ^ 

Sikkim ^ 

Spain 379,  3SJ 

Sweden J°J 

Taiwan ,XX 

Turkey •  •  -. ^5 

Union  of  South  Africa ^* 

United  Kingdom *^° 

Copra  t  Ai\A 

Federated  Malay  States J^ 

Philippine  Islands ^ 

Solomon  Islands VrS 

Straits  Settlements ^ 

Tonga  Islands VSi 

Coquilhatville.  Belgian  Congo ojj 

Coquimbo,  Chile. .    •  •  •  •. ^^o 

Cordobd  (prov.),  Argentina :|"? 

CordobA  (city) ,  Argentina ^ 

Cordoba  (prov.).  Spain ^'^ 

Cordoba  (city),  Spain ^^ 

Corfu  (dept),  Greece ^. 

Corfu  (city.),  Greece got 

Corinthia  (dept.),  Greece ''J J 

Corinto,  Nicaragua  .-;:•. kcm 

Corisco  Island,  Spanish  Africa &»» 

^^K  ^1                                                   ...  341 

Portugal 5g9 

Tunis •  • 402 

Cork,  (CO.),  IreUnd *" 

Co™J,      .,                                                    ....  133 

Brazil 238 

Bulgaria  •■•••: oao  243 

Ciecho-Slovakia 24-i,  ^4d 

Dutch  East  Indies ^ 

Egypt . .  •  • 616 

Fiji  Islands ^^2 

Hawaii 3Q2 

Hungary 473 

Japan . 317 

Jugo-Slavia ggg 

Norway      •  •    •  •, 651 

Philippme  Islands " 

Rhodesia,  Southern ^^  ggj 

Spain -336',  387 

Sweden . 392 

Switzerland ggg 

Tunis ,••;;•• .'>40 

Union  of  South  Africa ^ 

World's  Production JJ? 

Cornwall  (co.),  England 

Corrdze  (dept.) ,  France . . .  •  • ^g 

Corrientes  (prov.)   Argentina Jgg 

Corrientes  (city),  Argentina *g 

Corse  (dept.),  France g^^ 

Coruna  (prov.).  Spam ggg 

Coruna  (city).  Spam ^^ 

Corundum,  India,  Bntisn 226 

Corvo  Island,  Aiores ^^ 

Cosenza  (prov.) ,  Italy 

Costa  Rica:  .      _,   ,.  30 

Advertismg  Media ^ 

Agriculture .  •  .• ofi 

Area  and  Population g^^ 

Automobiles 29 

Banks 30 

Cable  Rates • ofi 

Cities,  Population ^ 

Climate •  t 27-28 

Commerce .... oq 

Consular  Regulations. ^ 

Consular  Representatives |g 

Customs  Tariff 27-28 

Exports 29 

Forest  Resources gg 

Gold 27-28 

Imports • *'  «A 

Industrial  Establishments g 

Manganese • 

Manufactures 29 

Minerals 


Page 

Costa  Rica  (cont.) :  -^ 

Money  Orders • 5" 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures 29 

Parcel  Post |" 

Post  Offices tX 

Postal  Rates ^ 

Production  and  Industry ^ 

Provinces,  Population *° 

Railways g^ 

Shipping  Routes *^ 

Sugar 20 

Telegraphs .  . . „«, 

Cdte-d'Or  (dept.).  France ^^ 

CAtes-du-Nord  (dept.),  France -*«» 

Cotton:  -,g 

Abyssinia ttg 

Algeria •  • ., JJu- 

Anglo-Egyptian  Sudan *>Jo 

Barbados |5i 

Brazil Jjf 

China 407 

Chosen egg 

Dahomey.  •••.•••,; 76 

Dominican  Republic '" 

Egypt 2Xa 

French  Indo  China 01  00 

Haiti S^iJ^ 

India,  British ^Cg 

te::::::::::::::::::::::::::--'-  320 

Mexico egg 

Nigeria ««>« 

Nyasaland  Protectorate OjJ 

Peru Qfi 

Porto  Rico jJq 

Russia jtro 

Uganda  Protectorate »«" 

Union  of  South  Africa »«i 

Couriand  (prov.),  Russia gj 

Courtrai.  Belgium ^ 

Covurlui  (dept.),  Ruin»iii» ^ 

Cracow,  Poland 34- 

Craiova,  Rumania Sg 

Crefeld.  Germany. . |i? 

Cremona  (prov.),  Italy ^ 

Cremona  (city),  Italy ^ 

Creuse  (dept.) ..France Qii'sis  318 

Croatia-Slavonia 31*'  ^^^'  |^ 

Cronstadt,  Russia. .  ■.:i^-\i  '  J;  • fio 

Crooked  Island.  British  West  Indies w 

Cuajiniquilapa,  Guatemala 62-68 

Cuba •.•.•••  vv-  j: 67 

Advertising  Media «a_a7 

Agriculture ""^ 

Alcohol flo 

Area  and  Population ^ 

Automobiles "J- 

Cities.  Population JJ 

Climate q^_qq 

Commerce «q 

Consular  Regulations. "9 

Consular  Representatives go 

Copper. • ;  • ; ;  68 

g;SS>°r..^*".^.v.::::::::::::*.: 63.65.66 

Forest  Resources g^ 

f  ""it,. '.'.■.■.*.'.  .63, 64, 65 

Imports '      'g7 

Iron 67 

Livestock -7 

Manganese ar-at 

Manufactures ^^J 

Minerals •  ••  • -7 

Money.  Weights  and  Measures g 

Parcel  Post ^4 

Poet  Offices --Si 

Production  and  Industry ^67 

Railways So 

Shipping  Routes JJ 

Sugar.... 07 

Telegraphs •' 


Cuba  (cont.): 

Telephones 

Tobacco 

Cubango  (dist.),  Angola. . . 

Cucuta,  Colombia 

Cuenca,  Ecuador 

Cuenca  (prov.),  Spain 

Cumberland  (co^,  England. 
Cundinamarca,  Colombia.  . 

Cunene  (dist.),  Angola 

Cuneo  (prov.),  Italy. 


Page 

67 

67 

697 

153 

161 

370 

401 

153 

597 

305 

Curayao' 69-73 

Area  and  Population 69-70 

Automobiles 691 

Cable  Rates 73 

Commerce 70-72 

Consular  Regulations 73 

Consular  Representatives 72 

Customs  Tariff 72 

Exports 70-72 

Imports 70-71 

Minerals 70 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures 72 

Parcel  Post 73 

Petroleum 70 

Postal  Rates 73 

Production  and  Industry 70 

Shipbuilding 70 

Shipping  Routes 72 

Curic6  (prov.),  Chile 143 

Curic6  (city),  Chile 143 

Currants,  Greece 294 

Curytiba,  Brazil 128 

CuscatlAn  (dept.),  Salvador 53 

Cutjack,  India,  British 459 

Cuzco  (dept.),  Peru 192 

Cuzco  (city),  Peru 193 

Cyclades  (dept.),  Greece 291 

Cyprus  Island: 

Agriculture 239 

Area  and  Population 239 

Barley 239 

Cities,  Population 239 

Commerce 239 

Exports 239 

Imports 239 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures 239 

Oats 239 

Production  and  Industry 239 

Railways 239 

Roads 239 

Telegraphs 239 

Vetches 239 

Wheat 239 

Caecho-Slovakia: 

Advertising  Media 245 

Agriculture 242-243 

Area  and  Population 240 

Barley 242,  243 

Cable  Rates  246 

Cities,  Population 240 

Coal 245 

Commerce 241-242 

Consular  Regulations 246 

Consular  Representatives 246 

Com 242-243 

Crops 242-243 

Customs  Tariff 246 

Exports 241-242 

Forest  Resources 243 

Gold 245 

Graphite 245 

Imports 241-242 

Industrial  Establishments 243-244 

Iron 245 

Language 245 

Lead 245 

Lignite 245 

Livestock 243 

Mail  Time 246 


Page 
Czecho-Slovakia  (cont.): 

Manufactures 243-244 

Minerals 245 

Mining  Industry 245 

Money  Orders 246 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures 245 

Oats 242-243 

Parcel  Post 246 

Postal  Rates 246 

Potatoes 242-243 

P*roduction  and  Industry 242-245 

Railways 245 

Roads 245 

Rye 242-243 

Shipping  Routes 246 

Silver 245 

Sugar 243 

Sulphur 245 

Telegraphs 245 

Telephones 245 

Tin 245 

Waterways 245 

Wheat 242-243 

Zinc 245 

D 

Dacca,  India,  British 459 

Dagana,  Senegal 573 

Daghestan  (prov.),  Russia 354,  364,  368 

Dahomey: 

Agriculture 569 

Area  and  Population 568,  569 

Commerce 570 

Cotton 569 

Exports 569.  570 

Imports 569,  570 

Railways 569 

Roads 570 

Telegraphs 570 

Telejphones 570 

Dairen,  China 429,  490 

Dairy  Industry: 

Argentina 115 

Belgium 232 

Denmark 250,  257 

Finland 259 

Italy 309 

Japan 480 

Switzerland 393 

Union  of  South  Africa 540 

Dakar,  Senegal 567, 573 

Dalmatia 314,  315, 318 

Dalney,  Liaotung 469 

Damanhur,  Egypt 561 

Damao,  India,  Portuguese 468 

Damascus,  Turkey 396 

Damboirtsa  (dept.),  Rumania 346 

Damietta,  Egypt 561 

Darbhanga,  India,  British 459 

Dar-es-Salaam,  East  Africa 549 

Darmstadt,  Germany 278 

Dam  (Papua) ,  New  Guinea 637 

David,  Panama 48 

Debreczen,  Hungary 299 

Delft,  Netherlands 322 

Delhi,  India.  British 459 

Delly  (Timor),  Malay  Archipelago 635 

Delta-Amacuro  (ter.),  Venezuela 209 

D'Entrecasteaux  Islands,  Papua 637 

Denbigh  (co.),  Wales 401 

Denmark: 

Advertising  Media 253 

Agriculture 250 

Area  and  Population 248 

Automobiles 691 

Barley 250 

Cable  Rates 254 

Cities,  Population 248 

Commerce 248-250 

Consular  Regulations 254 


,! 


II 


724 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


INDEX 


725 


< ,« 


li 


Fftse 

Denmark  (cont.):  __« 

Consular  Representatives ^ 

Crops *JJ 

Customs  Tariff ^ 

Diary  Industry •  '^^ 

^^::':::::::::::::::::::::: : : : :  :248i5o 

Industriai  Establishments ^^~?t? 

Language *^ 

Livestock *^ 

MaU  Time 2M 

Manufactures ^  oS 

Money  Orders *»* 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures |»o 

Oats **J 

Parcel  Post ^ 

Post  Offices *^ 

Postal  Rates.  •    •  •    •  • ocn_^1 

Production  and  Industry %^i^i 

RaUways ^^'l^ 

Rye ^ 

Shipping  Routes ^ 

Sugar..     *J0 

Telegraphs 2» 

Telephones *^ 

Wheat 260 

Derbent,  Russia .  .  . «^ 

Derby  (co),  England. . .  ••••••■  v. ^ifi 

Desirade  iBland,  French  West  Indies 78 

Dessau.  Germany. . *^» 

Deux  Sev6res  (dept.),  France ^ 

Deventer,  Netherlands ^'^ 

Devon  (co.),  England w^ 

Diamonds,  Australia J"? 

Diamonds,  India,  British  ■•■•■      ■■•■•:i.--  *^ 

Diamonds,  Protectorate  of  Southwest  Africa  55» 

Diamonds,  Union  of  South  Africa Mj« 

Diego  Suares,  Madagascar &»" 

Dimbokro,  Ivory  Coast ^'^ 

Din  Island,  India,  Portuguese *«» 

Dinguiray  (ter.),  French  Guinea g70 

Dinsburg,  Germany f\° 

Dire  Dawa,  Abyssima  ■■•■■•■• °i2 

Diambi  (dist.).  Dutch  East  Indies 628 

Djibuti,  French  Somaliland,  Africa 515, 675 

Dobrudja  (dept.),  Rumama ^o 

Dolg  (dept.),  Rumama ^ 

Dominica,  West  Indies »».»" 

Dominican  Republic jk 

Agriculture '^ 

Area  and  Population '« 

Automobilee ^'xi 

Cable  Rates y. 

Cacao '2 

Cities,  Population '« 

CUmate 1% 

Coffee _^1° 

Commerce rr 

Consular  Regulations. 7/ 

Consular  Representatives '  ' 

Cotton iS 

Customs  Tariff 74_7A 

Exports 72~7s 

Imports 7fi 

Minerals ^^ 

Money  Orders '^ 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures 76 

Parcel  Post ^ 

Post  Offices '^ 

Postal  Rates 77 

Production  and  Industry fo 

Railways ^ 

Shipping  Routes '  ' 

Sugar ^ 

Telegraphs L* 

Telephones L' 

Tobacco ,i? 

Don  (prov.),  Russia. ^ 

Donegal  (co.),  Ireland ^* 

Dordogne  (dept.),  France ^ 

Dordrecht,  Netherlands *** 


Page 

Dornbim,  Austria 219 

Dorohoi  (dept),  Rumama j*^ 

Dorset  (co),  England *"! 

Dortmund,  Germany *7» 

Doubs  (dept.),  France ^ 

Down  (CO.),  Ireland *"f 

Drama  (dept.),  Greece ^\ 

Drama  (city),  Greece *5* 

Drammen,  Norway ^° 

Drenthe  (prov.) ,  Netherlands «l 

Dresden,  Germany jg" 

Drftme  (dept.),  France 263 

Duala.  Kamerun. JXo 

Dublin  (CO.),  Ireland    «02 

Dublin  (city),  Ireland ..  .••.•••• *g* 

Ducie  IsUnd.  British  Pacific  Islands 627 

Dudoia  Island,  British  Pacific  Islands .  . 627 

Duff,  or  Wilson,  Islands,  Solomon  Islands. . .  638 

Dulcigno,  Jugo-Slavia 31° 

Dumbarton  (co.),  Scotland W-tf 

Dumfries  (co.),  Scotland *«* 

Dundee,  Scotland *"* 

Dunedin,  New  Zealand 6/0 

Durango  (state),  Mexico J* 

Durango  (city),  Mexico 1« 

Durasno  (dept.),  Uruguay *02 

Duraiao,  Albania .. .  •••;;•. ink 

Durban,  Union  of  South  Africa 629 

Durham  (co),  England. *01 

Duroetor  (dept.),  Rumania 3*6 

Diisseldorf,  Germany *'*> 

Dutch  East  Indies: 

Advertising  Media 6da 

Agriculture. aoo_aoo 

Area  and  Population ^^^'f^ 

Automobiles ^^ 

Batik  Industry 6^ 

Cable  Rates 635 

Cassava J3^ 

Cinchona Jg* 

Cities,  Population »*» 

Climate 6*5 

Coal             "^ 

gx';;:::::::::::::::::::::::;:;::  ^' 

Commerce *^*^« 

Consular  Regulations. 6d6 

Consular  Representatives 638 

Com     "^* 

Crope.' $32 

Customs  Tariff «9oJ?2 

Exports ^33 

S«)ris.'. '.::::::::*.:'.".  ■.;■.■'.■.' ;:..'.'-629-632 

Industrial  Establishments 684 

Iron ^ 

Islands gj 

Language ^ 

Mail  Time ««^ 

Manufactures S??lSJ 

Minerals ®32-633 

Money  Orders g* 

Money,  Weights  and  Meaeures W 

Parcel  Post ^ 

Petroleum ^^ 

Post  Offices 5oi 

Postal  Rates.  ...••. m'JSI 

Production  and  Industry *>32-634 

Railways gg 

Rice g* 

Rubber gj 

Shipping  Routee gj 

?S"  :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::  ^ 

TelegrapiiB ^ 

Tin i-... <^ 

Dutch  Guiana,  see  Guiana,  Dutch. 

Dutch  New  Guinea,  New'Gumea  (Island) . . .  637 

Dutch  West  Indies,  see  Curacao. 

Dvinsk,  Russia pi   o« 

Dyewoode.  Haiti or? 

I^  Daria  (prov.),  Russia «56 


B  Page 

East  Africa  (formerly  German  East  African 
Protectorate) : 

Agriculture 649 

Area  and  Population 549 

Cities,  Population 549 

Commerce 549 

Exports 649 

ImportB 549 

Lakes 649 

Livestock 649 

Post  Offices 649 

Railways 649 

Telegraphs 649 

WirelesB  Stations 649 

East  African  Protectorate,  British: 

Agriculture 548 

Area  and  Population 548 

Automobiles 691 

Cities,  Population 548 

Commerce 548 

Exports 548 

Forest  Resources 648 

Imports 548 

Minerals 648 

Railways 548 

Telegraphs 548 

East  London,  Union  of  South  Africa 529 

East  Prussia  (Poland) 333 

Eastern  Province,  Belgian  Congo 521 

Ecuador 160-167 

Advertising  Media 167 

Agriculture 160 

Area  and  Population 161 

Automobiles 691 

Cable  Rates 167 

Cacao 165 

Cities,  Population 161 

Climate 160, 165 

Consular  Regulations 166 

Consular  Representatives 166 

Customs  Tariff 166 

Exports 160-165 

Forest  Resources 160 

Imports 160-165 

Industries 165 

Minerals 165 

Money  Orders 167 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures 166 

Panama  Hats 160 

Parcel  Post 167 

Poet  Offices 166 

Postal  Rates 167 

Production  and  Industry 165 

Railways 160, 165 

Shipping  Documents 166 

Shipping  Routes 167 

Tagua  Nuts 165 

Telegraphs 166 

Telephones 166 

Wireless  Stations 166 

Edinburgh  (co.),  Scotland 402 

Edinburgh  (city),  Scotland 402 

Edmonton,  Canada 1 

Egypt: 

Advertising  Media 664 

Agriculture 563 

Area  and  Population 561 

Automobiles 691 

Bariey 553 

Cable  Rates 564 

Cities,  Population 56I 

Commerce 561-562 

Consular  Regulations 564 

Com 563 

Cotton 563 

Crops 563 

Customs  Tariff 564 

Exports 561-562 

Imports 561-562 

Language 564 

Mail  Time 664 


Face 

Egypt  (cont.): 

JJ^'«t   K^- 563 

Money  Orders 565 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures .....!!!  564 

Parcel  Post 555 

Post  Offices !!!  1 !!!!!!!! !  664 

Postal  Rates !....!!......  664 

Production  and  Industry !!...!.,  563 

Railways 554 

Rice !.'.!!*.'.!".!!!!  563 

Shipping  Routes 564 

Suez  Canal '  553 

Sugar. . .    ...!.!!!!!!!  563 

Telegraphs 554 

Telephones 554 

Wheat ....'.'.'.'.'.  563 

Eitape  (Kaiser  Wilhelm's  Land).  New 

Guinea 537 

Ekaterinoslav  (city),  Russia! ..............  367 

El basan,  Albania 217 

El  Beni  (dept.),  Bolivia 122 

Elberfeld,  Germany ] . .  278 

El  Damar,  Anglo-Egyptian  Sudan. .........  565 

Electric  Plants,  Chosen 488 

Electric  Plants,  Japan 485 

Eleuthera  Island,  British  West  Indies ...  59 

Elgin  (CO.),  Scotland 402 

Ells  (dept.),  Greece 291 

Elizabethville,  Belgian  Congo 521 

Ellice  Islands,  British  Pacific  Islands 627 

El  Pet^n  (dept.),  Guatemala 31 

El  Quich6  (dept.),  Guatemala 31 

Embroidery  Industry,  Switzerland 393 

Emery,  Greece 296 

Emilia  (dept.)    Italy 306 

Emmen,  Netherlands 322 

Encarnaci6n,  Paraguay [[,,  184 

England,  Area  and  Population .  401 

England,  Counties 401 

Enschede,  Netherlands .....  322 

Entebbe,  Uganda  Protectorate. . ...........  553 

Entre  Minho-e-Douro  (prov.),  Portugal 338 

Entre  Rios  (prov.),  Argentina 108 

Enzeli,  Persia 493 

Epirus,  Greece '.'.'.'...  291 

Equator,  Prov.  of  the,  Belgian  Congo 521 

Erfurt,  Germany 278 

Eritrea: 

Area  and  Population 590 

Commerce 590 

Exports '    *..  590 

Gold 590 

Imports 590 

Palm  nuts 59O 

Pearl  Fisheries 590 

Production  and  Industry 590 

Railways 590 

Wireless  Stations 590 

Erivan  (prov.),  Russia 354 

Erivan  (city),  Russia 355 

Erzerum,  Turkey 396 

Eskilstuna,  Sweden 384 

Esmeraldes  (prov.)  Ecuador 161 

Esmeraldes  (city),  Ecuador 161 

Espaillat  (prov.),  Dominican  Republic 73 

Espirito  Santo  (state),  Brazil 128 

Esquintla  (dept.),  Guatemala 31 

Esquintla  (city),  Guatemala 31 

Essen-on-Ruhr,  Germany 278 

Essex  (CO.),  England 401 

Esteli  (dept.),  Nicaragua 41 

Esteli  (city),  Nicaragua 41 

Esthonia  (prov.),  Russia 354 

Esthonia,  New  Russian  State 364-365 

Commerce 365 

Trade  Regulations 366 

Estremadura  (prov.),  Portugal 338 

Euboea  (dept.),  Greece 291 

Eure  (dept.),  France 263 

Eure  et  Loire  (dept.),  France 263 

Evora  (dist.),  Portugal 338 

Exuma  Island.  British  West  Indies 50 


I 


» 
r   t 


726 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


INDEX 


727 


Page 

F 

T?       *                                             ....  561 

Faiyum,  Egypt. •. 345 

Falchiu  (dept.).  Rumania ^^g 

Falcon  (state).  Venezuela *  ^ 

Falkland  Islands  (The) .^j 

Imports  and  Exports ^ 

Falmouth,  Jamaica 239 

Famagusta,  Cyprus 

Faroe  Islands:               .  oar  2HA 

Area  and  Population 248.  ^^ 

FisheriM 254 

Industries 254 

Livestock 573 

Fatick,  Senegal 226 

Fayal  Island.  Asores. ,28 

Federal  District.  Brazil *    . 

Federal  District.  Mexico 

Federated  Malay  States:  ^gg 

Area  and  Population ggj 

Automobiles 495 

Cable  Rates 494 

Coal 493 

Commerce  ..••••. 495 

Consular  RegulaUons ^^4 

Copra   •••••.•• 495 

Customs  TboiH 493 

Exports 494 

Forest  Resources 494 

9o^<*  • : '.'.'.  493 

Imports 494 

Land  Distribution 494 

Language 495 

Mail  Time 494 

Minerals 495 

Money  Orders •  •  • aqa 

Money.  Weights  and  Meaaurea *«| 

Parcel  Post 494 

Post  Offices 495 

Postal  Rates.  ...  •••••■; 493-494 

Production  and  Industry 494 

Railways 495 

Rubber 494 

Scheelite ' 494 

Shipping  Routes 494 

Telegraphs 494 

Telephones 494 

Tin 494 

Wolfram. . .  .^.. 429 

Fengtien  (dist.),  Chma 3^^ 

Ferghana  (prov.),  R^** 402 

Fermanagh  (co.).  Ireland ^9^ 

Fernando  Po  Island gQg 

Ferrara  (prov.).  Itely ; 307 

Ferrara  (city),  Italy 296 

Ferromanganese,  Greece ggg 

Fez,  Morocco ggg 

Fianarantsoa,  Madagascar ^^ 

Fife  (CO.),  Scotland 

Fiji  Islands:  515 

Agriculture.  •••••.• ei6 

Area  and  Population gj^ 

Cable  Rates gjy 

Commerce ^jg 

Com 517 

Exports 517 

Imports. 5ie 

Livestock 517 

Mail  Time 517 

Manufactures 517 

Monev  Orders 517 

Parcel  Post /  • '  517 

Postal  Rates 515 

Rice- ;  616 

Rubber. 617 

Shipping  Routes ^jg 

Sugar • 263 

FinistSre  (dept.).  France 

Finland:  258-259 

Agriculture 257 

Area  and  Population ggj 

Automobiles 


Page 

Finland  (continued):  g  259 

Barley ;;;;      '258 

Beans ofli 

Cable  Rates ^Vi 

Cities.  Population ^^ 

Climate 257-258 

Commerce "**"   ofti 

Consular  Regulations. ^\ 

Consular  Representatives 258-259 

Crops  ••••••.•• 261 

Customs  Tariff 259 

Dairy  Industry 257-258 

Export* : ; : ;         258 

Flam 259 

Forest  Resources ^g 

p*y- •  • ; ; ; ; ;  [257-258 

Imports 9An 

Industrial  Establishments 259-260 

•Industries 260 

Iron 259 

Livestock 260-261 

Lumber ofil 

M»ilTi™e 260 

Minerals 261 

Money  Orders ■  • oo  i 

Money.  Weights  and  Measures 258. 259 

2**" '.'.".*.  .260^261 

Paper 261 

Parcel  Post 258 

Peas 261 

Post  Offices 261 

PotLt!)^^'  '.'.*.■.'!!*!'*•••••••••     258,259 

Produ^on  and  Industry ^^^261 

Ra'i^'ay^ : : ; ;  :258. 259 

Rye 261 

Shipping  Routes 253 

Straw 260 

Waterpower 26I 

wa*«7*y« :::::::  258, 259 

Finmark  (dist.),  Norway ^ 

Firenze  (prov.).  Italy. ^ 

Flanders  (prov.).  Belgium '*«' 

Flax:                                                           605 

Australia 231 

Belgium 4 

Canada 258 

Finland ctg 

St.  Helena  Island 41  -i  416 

United  Kingdom *1^'  JJg 

Flaxseed,  France ^40 

Flint.  Union  of  South  Africa JJJ 

Flint  (CO.).  Wales. ^g, 

Florence  (Firenze).  Italy ^^J 

Flores,  Guatemala 202 

Flores  (dept.).  Uruguay *^g 

Flores  Island.  Azores    •••••••.•, 128 

Florianopolis  (Desterro),  Braiu ^^ 

Florida  (dept.) .  Uruguay ^ 

Florida  Island.  Solomon  Islands ^ 

Fiorina  (dept.).  Greece 291 

Fiorina  (city).  Greece _22 

Flushing.  Netherlands ^| 

Focsani.  Rumania. gQg 

Foggia  (prov.),  Italy 3^^ 

Foggia  (city),  Italy 429 

Foochow,  China g^g 

Forcados,  Nigeria. 4^2 

Forfar  (00.),  Scotland TiZ 

Forli  (prov.).  Italy ^ 

Forli  (city),  Italy J^ 

Formigas  Island.  Aaoree .^^ 

Formosa  (ter.).  Argentina *"° 

Formosa  Island,  see  Taiwan  .- 

Fort  de  France,  Martmique. 5' 

Fort  Johnston.  Nyasaland  Protectorate 626 

Fort  William.  Canada -  2g 

Fortaleza,  Braiil . .      '■•:•:•: : 573 

Fortuna  Island.  New  Caledonia o'^ 


Page 

France: 

Advertising  Media 273 

Agriculture 268-269 

Alcohol 270 

Antimony 270 

Area  and  Population 263-264 

Arsenic 270 

Automobiles 691 

Beans 269 

Buckwheat 269 

Cable  Rates 273 

Cities,  Population 263 

Clothing  Industry 272 

Coal 270 

Commerce 264-268 

Consular  Regulations 273 

Consular  Representatives 273 

Copper 270 

Crops 268-269 

Customs  Tariff 273 

Exports 264-268 

Fisheries 270 

Flaxseed 269 

Fruit 269 

Gold 270 

Hay 269 

Hempseed 269 

Hops 269 

Imports 264-268 

Industrial  Establishments 271-272 

Iron 270 

Language 273 

Lead 270 

Lignite 270 

Livestock 269 

MaU  Time 273 

Maize 269 

Manganese 270 

Manufactures 270-272 

Millet 269 

Minerals 270 

Mining  Industry 270 

Money  Orders 273 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures 273 

Parcel  Post 273 

F^as 269 

Post  Offices 272 

Postal  Rates 273 

Potatoes 269 

Production  and  Industry 268-272 

Quarrying 270 

Railways 272 

Rivers 272 

Shipping  Routes 273 

Silk      272 

SUver 270 

Steel 270 

Sugar 269 

Sugar  beets 269 

Telegraphs 272 

Telephones 272 

Textile  Industry 272 

Tobacco 269 

Tungsten 270 

Vegetables 269 

Wheat 269 

Wine 269 

Zinc 270 

Frankfort-on-Main.  Germany 278 

Frankfort -on-Oder.  Germany 278 

Frederickstadt,  Virgin  Islands  of  the  United 

States 104 

Fredrikstad.  Norway 328 

Freiburg,  Germany 278 

French  Congo,  see  French  Equatorial  Africa. 
French  Equatorial  Africa  (French  Congo) : 

Area  and  Population 575 

Cities 575 

Commerce 576-577 

Exports 576-577 

Imports 576 


Page 

French  Equatorial  Africa  (French  Congo)  (cont.) 

Salt 575 

Telegraphs 575 

Wireless  Stations 575 

French  Guiana,  see  Guiana,  French. 

French  Guinea: 

Area  and  Population 568, 570 

Commerce 571 

Exports 571 

Gold 571 

Imports 571 

Livestock 570-571 

Products 570-571 

Railways 571 

Roads 571 

Telegraphs 571 

Telephones 571 

French  India,  see  India.  French. 

French  Indo  China: 

Agriculture 454 

Area  and  Population 451 

Automobiles 601 

Cable  Rates 455 

Climate 451 

Coal 454 

Commerce 451-453 

Consular  Regulations 454 

Consular  Representatives 454 

Cotton 454 

Customs  Tariff 454 

Exports 451-453 

Fisheries 454 

Imports 451—453 

Livestock 454 

Mail  Time 455 

Manufactures 454 

Minerals 454 

Money  Orders 455 

Parcel  Post 455 

Pepper 454 

Post  Offices 454 

Postal  Rates 455 

Production  and  Industry 454 

Railways 454 

Rice 454 

Rubber 454 

Shipping  Routes 454 

Silk 454 

Telegraphs 454 

Telephones 454 

Zinc 454 

French  Pacific  Islands 617, 636,  637 

French   Somaliland 575 

French  West  Africa: 

Area  and  Population 568 

Cable  Rates 569 

Colonies 568 

Commerce 568 

Consular  Regulations 569 

Consular  Representatives 569 

Customs  Tariff 569 

Exports 568 

Imports 568 

Mail  Time 569 

Money  Orders 569 

Monev,  Weights  and  Measures 568 

Parcel  Post 569 

Post  Offices 568 

Postal  Rates 569 

Shipping  Routes 569 

French  West  Indies 78, 79,91.  92 

Fribourg  (canton),  Switzerland 391 

Friendly  Islands,  see  Tonga  Islands. 

Friesland  (prov.),  Netherlands 321 

Fruit: 

Australia 604. 605 

France 269 

Greece 294 

Hawaii 642 

Hungary. 302 


1' 


H 


\i\ 


728 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


INDEX 


729 


Page 


Fnut  (cont.): 

Japan 

Malta. 

Tripoli 

Uganda  Protectorate 

Union  of  South  Africa 

Fuhkien  (prov.).  China 

Fuqiii.  Japan 

Fukuoka,  Japan 

Fukushima,  Japan 273 

Furth,  Germany 40^ 

Fuean.  Cho«en *°" 


480 
320 
590 
553 
540 
429 
471 
471 
471 


Gabun  Colony,  French  Equatorial  Africa. ...  575 

Galapagos  (prov.).  Equador ^ 

Galatz,  Rumania 2{q 

Galicia  (Auatrm) *ix 

GaUcia.  Poland ^2 


446 
Galt/Canada..^^^^... ......... •.;•;;;••         ,02 


Galle,  ^ylon. 


555 
556 
556 
556 
556 
556 
556 


Galway  (co.),    -_    .  »,  • 
Gambia.  British  West  Africa 

Area  and  Population 

Commerce 

Currency 

Exports 

Imports 

Post  Ofi&ces 

GambieTlslandsJ^FrenchPacific  Islanda 6^ 

Gangtock,  Sikkim „«, 

Card  (dept.).  France Jje 

Gaa  Plants,  Japan Z^^ 

Gavle,  Sweden •  ■  •  ■ ; Qe«i 

Gavleborg  (govt.),  Sweden gj 

Gaza,  Turkey 333 

Gdausk.  Poland qqj 

Geelong.  Austr^ia 078 

Gelsenkirchen,  Germany J^° 

Gensan.  Chosen. 0Q7 

Genoa  (Genova),  Italy ^^ 

Genova  (prov.),  Italy 


305 


Page 


Georgetown,  Ascension  Island 366 

Georgetown,  Guiana.  British *"° 

Georgian  Republic.  Russia:  _- 

Area  and  Population ^"' 

Cities.  Population. .  ••.••••;•■, Soy 

German  New  Guinea,  Pacific  Islands 637 

Germany:  275-276 

Agricultural  Losses 283 

Agriculture 386 

Alcohol ,•  •  .• 977_«>7R 

Area  and  PopulaUon S? 

Asphalt ggj 

Automobiles 2g3 

Barley 088 

Cable  Rates gj 

Cement. .  •  •  ■  •  •. 078 

Cities.  Population 276.287 

Coal. 287 


287 
287 
287 
275 


Germany  (cont.): 

Sulphur 

Telegraphs 

Telephones 

Territorial  Losses ti^ 

Textile  Industry ^ 

Tobacco So 

Wheat 5^ 

Win© • 077  ofi7 

Zinc ;r,'-:-  ki'- So 

Germiston,  Union  of  South  Afnea »;*» 

Gerona.  (prov.),  Spain ^ 

Gera  (dept.).  France ^ 

Ghent,  Belgium *^ 

Gibraltar:                      .  nao 

Area  and  Population. ^ 

Monev.  Weights  and  MsMuns ^ 

Postal  Service •S? 

Gifu,  Japan ,li 

Giion,  Spain 1  •    v  •  >;  'i «  -:•{. 

Gilbert  and  EUice  Islands  Colony.  British 

Pacific  Islands  •.•••••  .v  •  ^  •,•    v SS 

Gilbert  Islands.  British  Pacific  Islands W7 

Ginseng.  Chosen *5i 

Giran,  Taiwan. ^ 

Girgenti  (prov.),  Italy ^ 

Gtronde  (dept.).  France *°^ 

Gisbome.  New  Zealand ^ 

Gisa.  Egypt. ....•• **^ 

Gi«o  Island.  Solomon  Islanas 

Glace  Bay,  Canada. ^. 

Glamorgan  (co.),  Wales. ^* 

Glarus  (canton),  Switserland »^ 

Glasgow.  Scotland *^ 

Glenwits.  Germany *^ 

Gloucester  (co.),  England JJJ* 

G6a,  India,  Portuguese. *^ 

Goagira  (comm.).  Colombia ^ 

Gold,  Anglo-Egyptian  Sudan o^ 

iSS>1".-.:,:.::::::::::::::::::::-««».s« 

Bechuanaland  Protectorate Jg 

Belgian  Congo °^ 

Brasil *^ 

Canada ..n 

China ^«g 

'.'.'.'..'.'.'.  167 

29 


638 
1 


178 
179 
302 


Cobalt. 


276% 


Colonial  Losses 278-282 

Commerce qoq 

Consular  Regulations gj 

Copper 283 

Crops  •  •  •  •    -.u 288 

Customs  Tariff 278-282 

Exports 284 

Fisheries 284 

Forest  Resources ^ 

Graphite 233 

Hay ;;         283 

I^P"^^- ■/.'.'.'..!!*.. . . . . . . . . ' ' .  .278-282 

Industrial  Establishments ^^^SJ 

Industrial  Losses ^'^ 


Chosen ... 
Colombia . 

Costa  Rica „._ 

Ciecho-Slovakia f^ 

Dutch  East  Indies ^ 

Eritrea JSl 

Federated  Malay  States *»* 

France fiV 

French  Guinea °'* 

Gold  Coast  Colony              ^' 

Guiana,  British. . . 
Guiana,  Dutch ... 

Hungary .-« 

India,  British *JJ 

Italy 074 

V.^n^"^ ::::::  *8o 

jKiavia;::::::::::::::: 317.318 

Madagascar ^ 

Mexico -io 

New  Zealand ^f^ 

Nicaragua TV 

Panama -Si 

S^sr ::::::::::::::::::::i96.i98 

661 


Peru 


Philippine  Islands ^ 

Rhodesia.  Southern «*{ 

Russia ^24 

Swaziland  Protectorate ^^ 

Taiwan.    mi  Ss 

Transvaal °^^'^l 

Union  of  8<iuth  Africa ^^'5?? 

United  Kingdom *}  J 

Veneiuela fiS 

World's  Production ""» 


Page 

Gold  Coast.  British  West  Africa: 

Area  and  Population 666 

Cities,  Population 556 

Commerce 556 

i^xports ooo  . 

Gold 557 

Imports 556 

Production  and  Industry 557 

Railways 557 

Telegraphs 657 

Telephones 557 

Gomel.  Russia 356 

Gondar,  Abyssinia 515 

Goree,  Senegal 573 

Gori  (dept.).  Rumania 346 

Gorliti,  Germany 278 

Gors,  Gradisca.  Italy 218 

Goteborg  (city) ,  Sweden 384 

Goteborg  and  Bohus  (govt.),  Sweden 386 

Gootland  (govt.),  Sweden 385 

Gouda,  Netheriands 322 

Gouyave,  Windward  Islands 104 

Goyai  (state),  Brazil 128 

Goyai  (city).  Brazil 128 

Go»o  Island,  Malta 320 

Graciosa  Island.  Azores 226 

Granada  (dept.),  Nicaragua 41 

Granada  (city).  Nicaragua 41 

Granada  (prov.),  Spain 370 

Granada  (city).  Spain 369 

Grand  Bahama  Island,  British  West  Indies. .  59 

Grand  Bassam,  Ivory  Coast 571 

Grand  Lahou,  Ivory  Coast 571 

Grand  Turk,  British  West  Indies 88 

Grand  Wallachia  (Muntenia),  Rumania 346 

Grande  Comore  Island,  Comoro  Islands 584 

Grande  Terre.  Guadeloupe 78 

Graphite: 

Austria 223.  224 

Csecho- Slovakia 245 

Germany 287 

India.  British 465 

Nyasaland  Protectorate 526 

Union  of  South  Africa 542 

Graz.  Austria 219 

Great  Elobey  Island,  Spanish  Africa 596 

Great  Britain,  see  United  Kingdom. 

Great  Inagua  Island.  British  West  Indies .     .  69 

Greece: 

Agricultural  Machinery 294 

Agriculture 294 

Area  and  Population 290-291 

Automobiles 691 

Bitumen 296 

Cable  Rates 297 

Chromite 296 

Cities.  Population 291 

Commerce 292-293 

Consular  Regulations 297 

Consular  Representatives 297 

Copper 296 

Currants 294 

Customs  Tariff 297 

Emery 296 

Exports 292-293 

Ferromanganese 296 

Fruit 294 

Gypsum 296 

Imports 292-293 

Industrial  Establishments 294-295 

Iron 296 

Language 297 

Lead 296 

Lignite 296 

Livestock 294 

Magnesite 296 

Mail  Time 297 

Manganese 296 

Marble 296 


Page 


Greece  (cont.): 

Manufactures 

294-295 

Minerals 

296 

Money  Orders 

297 

Money.  Weights  and  Measures . 

297 

Nickel 

296 

Nuts 

294 

Olive  Oil 

294 

Parcel  Post 

297 

Post  Oflfices 

297 

Postal  Rates 

297 

Production  and  Industry 294-296 

Quarrying 296 

Railways 290,  297 

Roads 297 

Salt 296 

Shipping  Routes 297 

Sulphur 296 

Telegraphs 297 

Telephones 297 

Tobacco 294 

Waterpower 295-296 


Wine 

Zinc 

Greenland: 

Area  and  Population 

Commerce 

Exports 

Imports 

Grenada  Island,  Windward  Islands. 
Grenadines.  British  West  Indies. . . . 

Grenville.  Windward  Islands 

Grey  Valley  Boroughs,  New  Zealand 


294 
296 

23 

23 

23 

23 

104,  105 

104 

lot 

620 

Grodno  (prov.),  Russia 3.54,  364 

Grodno  (city).  Russia 355,  364 

Groningen  (prov.),  Netherlands 321 

Groningen  (city),  Netherlands 322 

Grootfontein,  Protectorate  of  Southwest 

Africa 659 

Grosseto  (prov.),  Italy 306 

Groundnuts,  India,  British 463 

Groundnuts,  Taiwan 490 

Groznyi,  Russia. 355 

Guadalajara,  Mexico 14 

Guadalajara  fprov.),  Spain 370 

Guadalcanar  Islands,  Solomon  Islands 638 

Guadeloupe : 

Area  and  Population 78 

Automobiles 691 

Commerce 78-79 

Exports 78-79 

Imports 78-79 

Language 78 

Money.  Weights  and  Measures 79 

Gualeguaychu.  Argentina 109 

Guam  Island: 

Area  and  Population 616 

Cable  Rates 616 

Commerce 616 

Livestock 616 

Mail  Service 616 

Money  Orders 616 

Naval  Station 616 

Parcel  Post 616 

Ports 616 

Postal  Rates 616 

Shipping  Routes    616 

Wireless  Station _ 616 

Guanacaste  (prov.),  Costa  Rica 26 

Guanajuato  (state).  Mexico 14 

Guanajuato  (city).  Mexico 14 

Guano: 

Chile 146 

Perils  (state).  Malay  States 495 

Peru 196. 197 

GuantAnamo,  Cuba 63 

Guanza,  Norta  (dist.),  Angola 597 

Guanza,  Sul  (dist.).  Angola 597 

Guaranda.  Ecuador 161 

Guarda  (dist.),  Portugal 338 


730 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


INDEX 


731 


ii 


if 


h\ 


Page 

Guarico  (state),  Venezuela 209 

Guatemala:   ,  „j. 

Advertising  Media e? 

Agriculture ^ 

Area  and  Population g| 

Automobaes "^4 

Cable  Rates |' 

Cities,  Population ^J 

Climate «» 

Coffee „n  Q- 

Commerce ^"^'^^ 

Consular  Regulations ^^ 

Consular  Representatives ^^ 

Customs  Tariff ^  j 

Departments o^-^ 

Exports **-^^ 

Forest  Resources oo  o5 

Imports it 

Industrial  Establishments ^^ 

Livestock ^ 

Manufactures ^^ 

Minerals ^^ 

Money  Orders %' 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures JO 

Parcel  Post H 

Post  OflBces ^» 

Postal  Rates ^' 

Production  and  Industry ^ 

Railways ^% 

Shipping  Routes ^' 

Sugar %% 

Telegraphs ^° 

Telephones • ^° 

Guatemala  (dept.),  Guatemala ^| 

Guatemala  City,  Guatemala ^*- 

Guayaquil,  Ecuador }^| 

Guayas  (prov.),  Ecuador  . .    jo} 

Guelders  (prov.),  Netherlands -»-«} 

Guelph,  Canada.  ■■■.•••,■■■■•  \ ^no 

Guernsey  Island,  Umted  Kingdom 402 

Guerrero  (state),  Mexico ** 

Guesul  (ter.),  Senegal i«fl_?4a 

Guiana,  British ^^^;S 

Area  and  Population ^"O 

Automobiles ^^* 

Balata %% 

Bauxite *;° 

Cable  Ratea ^J^ 

Cacao \'' 

Cocoanuts {^S 

Coffee \Lq 

Consular  Regulations J^q 

Consular  Representatives 178 

Customs  Tariff ^aaJtlk. 

Exports ^^11 

Forest  Resources *4° 

Gold iaq-It? 

Imports 160-175 

Limes 175, 177 

Livestock i'' 

Molasses };§ 

Money  Orders i^v 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures 17» 

Parcel  Post J  Jg 

Post  OflBces Ill 

Postal  Rate "^ 

Production  and  Industry 170 

RaUways l;* 

Rice }76 

Rubber }76 

Rum \im 

Shipping  Routes \j^ 

Suwa- 1'^'  \ix 

Telegraphs \l° 

Telephones ,7o_ifii 

Guiana,  Dutch. "^"Jfa 

Area  and  Population *'^ 

Automobiles ^'J 

Cable  Rates igi 

Cacao }79 

Consular  Regulations lo* 


Page 

Guiana,  Dutch  (continued): 

Customs  Tariff ,_  l°l 

Exports 179-181 

Imports ^'^l\ 

Monev  Orders \°\ 

Parcel  Post ]°\ 

Postal  Rates J^* 

Railw-ays }7» 

Shipping  Routes 1°* 

Guiana.  French lof 

Area  and  Population igj 

Automobiles Ybo 

Cable  Rates Jg 

Communications ^^o 

Consular  Retnilations 1°* 

Customs  Tariff }»* 

Exports }J* 

Imports *2o 

Money  Orders ;»^ 

Monev.  Weights  and  Measures l»j« 

Parcel  Post ]^ 

Postal  Rates i^o 

Shipping  Routes. 1»* 

Guipuscoa  (prov.).  Spain. .  ...••• •^'" 

Gum-arabic,  Anglo-Egyptian  Sudan ow> 

Gypsum:  ___ 

Australia **"J 

Canada ,  .5 

Chih i*J 

India,  British *^ 

H 

Haarlem,  Netherlands 3^ 

Haddington  (co).  Scotland J^ 

Haen  (prov).  Spain gu 

Hagen,  Germany. .. .. *^ 

Hague  (The),  Netherlands J^ 

Haichou,  Choeen *2k 

Hail.  Turkey. gj 

Hainaut  (prov.),  Belgium fjv 

Haiphong,  French  Indo  China «* 

Hakodate.  Japan *71 

Haifa,  Anglo-Efo-Ptian  Sudan Oo» 

Half  Way  Tree,  Jamaica «» 

Halifax,  Canada * 

Halland  (govt.),  Sweden ^g 

Halle-on-Saale,  Germany gj 

Halmstad,  Sweden ^* 

Halsingborg,  Sweden jg* 

Hama,  Turkey ^J 

Hamadam,  Persia *•« 

Hamamatsu.  Japan *7* 

Hambom,  Germany ^g 

Hamburg.  Germany *l°^ 

Hamilton,  Bermuda ^« 

Hamilton,  Canada * 

Hangchow,  China Jjj 

Han-Heung.  Chosen w 

Hankow,  China **2 

Hanover,  Germany. ^ 

Hants  (oo.),  England *"i 

Hararas,  Peru ^ 

Harbin.  China.  .••••;•••;,••; ^fX 

Harbour  Grace.  Newfoundland . lU 

Harbour  Island,  British  West  Indies 58 

Harburg,  Germany JJS 

Harrar,  Abyssinia o*» 

Haugesund,  Norway. . .  .^ ^ 

Haute-Garonne  (dept.).  France 263 

Haiti 79-g 

Agriculture _?^ 

Automobiles ^\ 

Cable  Rates g 

Cacao 81.^ 

Climate ,,,   '% 

Coffee 81,  8^ 

Commerce ^^fi 

Consular  Regulations »* 

Consular  Representatives «* 


Page 

Haiti  (cont.): 

Cotton 81,  82 

Customs  Tariff 82 

Dyewoods 81,  82 

Exports 80, 81 

Imports 81 

Manufactures 82 

Minerals 82 

Money  Orders 82 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures 82 

Parcel  Post 82 

Poet  Offices 82 

Postal  Rates 83 

Production  and  Industry 82 

Railways 82 

Shipping  Routes 82 

Sugar 82 

Telegraphs 82 

Tobacco 82 

Haute-Loire  (dept.),  France 263 

Haute-Mame  (diept.),  France 263 

Haute-Sadne  (dept.),  France 263 

Haute-Savoie  (dpet.),  France 263 

Haute- Vienne  (dept.),  France 263 

Hautes-Alpes  (dept.),  France 263 

Hautes-Pyr^nfees  (dept.).  France 263 

Havana  (prov.),  Cuba 63 

Havana  (city),  Cuba 63 

Hawaii: 

Agriculture 642 

Alfalfa 642 

Area  and  Population 640 

Automobiles 691 

Beans 642 

Cable  Rates 643 

Canning  Industry 642 

Cassava 642 

Climate 640 

Coffee 642 

Commerce 640-642 

Com. 642 

Corporations 643 

V^POp0  .•.•■■■••••■••••••■■•■•••••■•••  04  A 

Exports 640-642 

Forest  Resources 642 

Fruit 642 

Honey 642 

Imports 640-641 

Islands 640 

Language 643 

Livestock 642 

Mail  Time 643 

Manufactures 643 

Minerals 643 

Money  Orders 643 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures 643 

Parcel  Post 643 

Pineapples 642 

Postal  Rates 643 

Potatoes 642 

Production  and  Industry 642-643 

Races 640 

Railways 643 

Rice 642 

Rubber 642 

Shipping  Routes 643 

Sisal 642 

Sugar 642 

Telephones 643 

Tobacco 642 

Wireless  Stations 643 

Hawaii  Island,  Hawaii 640 

Hawke's  Bay  (prov.).  New  Zealand 619 

Hay: 

Australia 604 

France 269 

Germany 283 

Ireland 416.417 

Norway 329 


Page 

Hay  (cont.): 

Sweden 387 

United  Kingdom 415, 416, 417 

Hedjaz: 

Area  and  Population 455 

Cities,  Population 455 

Products 456 

Railways 455 

Hedmark  (dist.),  Norway 327 

Heidelberg,  Germany 278 

Heilung  Chiang  (dist.).  China 429 

Helder,  Netherlands 322 

Helsingfors,  Finland 257 

Hematite,  New  Zealand 623 

Hemp: 

Japan 478 

Mexico 19 

Philippine  Islands 651 

Henequen,  Mexico 19 

Hengelo,  Netherlands 322 

Hensburg,  Germany 278 

Heraclion  (Candia)  (dept.).  Greece 291 

Herat,  Afghdnistdn 423 

Hfirault  (dept.),  France 263 

Heredia  (prov.),  Costa  Rica 26 

Heredia  (city),  Costa  Rica 26 

Hereford  (co.),  England 401 

Herm  Island,  United  IQngdom 402 

Heme,  Germany 278 

Herrera  (prov.),  Panama 4& 

Hertford  (co.),  England 401 

Hertogenbosch,  Netherlands 322 

Herva  Matt^,  Brazil 135 

Hidalgo  (state),  Mexico 14 

Hides  and  Skins: 

Abyssinia 519 

Brazil 132 

Tunis 589 

Hildesheim,  Germany 278 

Hilversum,  Netherlands 322 

Himeji,  Japan 471 

Hirosaki.  Japan 471 

Hiroshima,  Japan 471 

Hivaoa  Island.  Marquesas  Islands 636 

Hjalmaun,  Lake  (govt.),  Sweden 385 

Hobart,  Tasmania 602 

Hodmezo  Vasarhely ,  Hungary 299 

Hokkaido  (Yezo)  Island,  Japan 469 

Hokoto  (Pescadores)  Islands,  Japan 460 

Homs.  Turkey 396 

Honan  (prov.),  China 429 

Honduras: 37-41 

Agriculture 39 

Area  and  Population 38 

Automobiles Wl 

Cable  Rates 41 

Cities.  Population 38 

Climate 37 

Commerce 38-39 

Consular  Regulations. 41 

Consular  Representatives 40 

Customs  Tariff 40 

Exports 38-39 

Forest  Resources 39 

Imports 38-39 

Inaustrial  Establishments 39 

Livestock 39 

Manufactures 40 

Minerals 39 

Money  Orders 40 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures 40 

Parcel  Post 40 

Post  OflBces 40 

Postal  Rates ^ 

Production  and  Industry w 

Railways 40 

Shipping  Routes 40 

Telegraphs •  •  40 

Telephones 40 


f 


732 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Page 

Honduras.  British: 

Area  and  Population 24 

Automobiles 691 

Commerce 25 

Consular  Regulations 2o 

Consular  Representatives 2o 

Customs  Tariff 25 

Money 24 

Railways 24 

Shipping  Routes *» 

Telegraphs 24 

Telephones 24 

Austria 223 

Hawaii ^^ 

Hungary 3"2 

Hong  Kong: ,  ^       ,     .  ... 

Area  and  Population *** 

Climate "* 

Commerce."  ]'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 444-445 

Exports '***~ll4 

Imports. ..'.!!.!'.".".'.! ***^R 

Industries 4*^ 

Monev,  Weights  and  Measures 445 

Honolulu,  Hawaii 5S 

Honshiu  Island,  Japan 4o9 

France 269 

Germany ^ 

Hungary •'"^ 

United  Kingdom 415,  416 

Hordaland  (dist.).  Norway 327 

Horsens,  Denmark j^ 

Hsinchiang  (prov.),  China 429 

Huahine  Island,  Leeward    Islands 63b 

Huancavelica  (dept.),  Peru 192 

Huancavelica  (city).  Peru 193 

Huanuco  (dept.),  Peru J92 

Huanuco  (city),  Peru 192 

Huaraz,  Peru l?^ 

Hubli,  India,  British 459 

Huehuetenango  (city),  Guatemala 31 

Huehuetenango  (dept.),  Guatemala 31 

Huelva  (prov.),  Spain 370 

Huelva  (city),  Spain 369 

Huesca  (prov.),  Spain 370 

Huila  (dist.) ,  Angola 597 

Huila  (dept.),  Colombia 153 

Hull,  Canada 1 

Hunan  (prov.),  China 429 

Agriculture ^^~Qno 

Antimonv 302 

Area  and  Population 299 

Asphalt oJio 

Barley 302 

J366S •••• •••  0X0 

Cable  Rates 3w 

Cities,  Population 299 

Coal ^^  302 

Commerce ^^ono 

Copper 302 

Corn zrli 

Crops 302 

Customs  Tariff 303 

Exports 299-301 

Flour 303 

Forest  Resources 302 

Fruit 302 

Gold 302 

Honey 302 

Hops 302 

Imports ?99-300 

Industries ^02-303 

Iron ^ 

Language ^J'* 

Lead • o^o 

Lignite ^^ 

Livestock 3TO 

Mail  Time 303 


Pace 

Hungary  (cont.): 

Manganese ^J^* 

Manufactures 298, 303 

Mercury 303 

Minerals 302 

Mining  Industry 302 

Money  Orders 303 

Oats.: 302 

Parcel  Post 303 

.      Post  Offices 303 

Postal  Rates 303 

Potatoes 302 

Production  and  Industry 301-303 

Pyrites 302 

RaUways 298. 303 

Roada 303 

Rye 302 

Shipping  Routes 303 

Silk     302 

Silver 302 

Sugar  Beets 302 

Sulphur 302 

Sulphuric  Acid 302 

Telegraphs 303 

Telephones ^ 

Tobacco 302 

Waterways 3OT 

Wheat 302 

Huntingdon  (co.),  England 401 

Huon  Islands,  New  Caledonia 637 

Hupeh  (prov.),  China 429 

Huskerud  (dist.),  Norway 327 

Hyderabad  (state),  India,  British 458 

Hyderabad  (city),  India,  British 459 

I 

lamare,  Abyssinia ol5 

Ibarra,  Ecuador J^l 

lea  (dept.) ,  Peru 1^2 

lea  (city),  Peru *" 

Iceland: 

Area  and  Population «^ 

Industries 254 

Ichang,  China 429 

Iglau,  Csecho-Slovakia 240 

Ilfov  (dept.),  Rumania 346 

Ille-et- VUaine  (dept.),  France 263 

Iloilo,  Philippine  islands 645 

Imbabura  (prov.),  Ecuador 161 

Imphal,  Incfia,  British 459 

India,  British : 

Advertising  Media 4e» 

Agate • 400 

Agriculture ^^ 

Alum 4oo 

Amber 4^ 

Antimony 465 

Area  and  Population 458-459 

Asbestos ^Y 

Automobiles 891 

Bauxite 52k 

Bismuth 465 

Cable  Rates 407 

Chromite 465 

Cities,  Population 459 

Clay .CA_1?S 

CUmate *^5I 

Coal ^ 465 

Commerce 459-463 

Consular  Regulations 467 

Copper 466 

Corundum 466 

Cotton 468 

Crops 468 

Customs  Tariff .466-467 

Diamonds ^  ,„  465 

Exports MS 

Graphite • 522 

Groundnuts 463 

Gypsum • 4O0 


INDEX 


733 


Page 
India,  British  (cont.): 

Imports 459-462 

Indigo 463 

Industrial  Establishments 465 

Iron. 465 

Irrigation 463 

Jadestone 465 

Jute ;;;  453 

Language 466 

Leaa-  • 465 

Linseed 463 

Magneeite 465 

Mail  Time 467 

Manganese 465 

Manufactures 464-466 

Mica   • 465 

Minerals 465 

Molybdenite 466 

Monasite 495 

Money  Orders 467 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures '.  466 

Ochre 465 

Parcel  Post 467 

Petroleum 465 

Platinum ]  455 

Post  Offices \\  466 

Postal  Rates 457 

Precious  Stones 465 

Production  and  Industry 463-466 

Provinces 453 

Railways ]  466 

Rape  and  Mustard 463 

5»ce  • 463 

Roads 466 

Salt '.'..'.  465 

Saltpetre 465 

Sesamum 453 

Shipping  Routes 466 

SUver 465 

States 458 

Steatite ." 465 

Stock  Companes 465 

Sugar 463 

A^^ 463 

Telegraphs 466 

Textile  Industry 464-465 

li.     '.  ■  ■«■» 465 

Trade  Methods 457 

Tungsten 465 

Wheat 463 

India,  French: 

Agriculture 457 

Area  and  Population 467 

Cable  Rates 457 

Cities,  Population 467 

Colonies 457 

Consular  Regulations 467 

Customs  Tariff 467 

Exports 467 

Imports 467 

Mail  Time 457 

Manufactures 467 

Money  Orders 467 

Parcel  Post 467 

Postal  Rates 467 

Railways 457 

Rubber 457 

Shipping  Routes 467 

Textile  Industry 467 

India.  Portuguese: 

Cable  Rates 468 

Colonies 468 

Consular  Regulations 468 

Customs  Tariff 468 

Exports 46g 

Imports 468 

Industries 468 

Mail  Time '.,],[  468 

Manganese 468 

Minerals 468 

Money  Orders 468 


Page 

Parcel  Post 468 

Postal  Rates .*!!!.!!!!!         468 

Railways 468 

Salt 468 

Shipping  Routes 468 

Telegraphs ]         468 

Indigo,  India,  British 463 

Indigo,  Japan ]         473 

Indre  (dept.),  France [[',         263 

Indre-et-Loire  (dept.),  France 263 

Innsbruck,  Austria 219 

Invercargill,  New  Zealand 620 

Inverness  (co.),  Scotland 402 

Iodine,  ChUe 146 

Ipswich,  Australia 602 

Iquique,  Chile 143 

Iquitos,  Peru 193 

Ireland,  Agriculture ,',,.  .416,  417 

Area  and  Population 401-402 

Barley 416,  417 

Beans .    416, 417 

Cities,  Population 402 

Countries 402 

Crops ;  !416-417 

Hay 416, 417 

Livestock 416,  417 

Oats 416,  417 

Peas 416,  417 

Potatoes 416,  417 

Rye 416 

T  u  *^^^S*-  •  •• *1^'  417 

Irkutsk,  Russia 355 

Iron: 

Australia 608 

Austria ...!..'!!  224 

Belgian  Congo 522 

Belgium 232 

BrazU 136 

Chile 146, 147 

China 442 

Chosen. 488 

Colombia 157 

Cuba 67 

Czecho-Slovakia 245 

Dutch  East  Indies 633 

Finland 260 

Prance 270 

Germany 276,  277,  287 

Greece 296 

Hungaiy. 302 

India,  British 465 

Italy '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.  310 

Japan 48O 

Madagascar 583 

Norway 329 

Nyasaland  Protectorate ...... .' . .'    . .' ." . ."  526 

Poland    335 

Portugal 343 

nusaia. 361 

Spain 379,  380 

Sweden .337 

Tunis 589 

Turkey       . .    393 

United  Kingdom 417,  418 

Venezuela 215 

World's  Production 696 

Isabel  Island,  Solomon  Islands '.  638 

Isere  (dept.),  France 263 

Isle  of  Man,  Area  and  Population 401-402 

Isle  of  Pines,  New  Caledonia 636 

Ispahan,  Persia 498 

Istna,  Italy 2I8 

Italian  Africa,  see  Eritrea  ;ItaHan  Somaliland; 

Tripoli. 

Italian  Somaliland:  ■ 

Area  and  Population 590 

Commerce 590 

Exports 590 

Imports 590 

I^yestock 590 

Wireless  Stations 590 


I     , 


Page 

Italy: 

Advertising  Media 312 

Agriculture 309 

Antimony 310 

Area  and  Population 305-307 

Asphalt 310 

Automobiles 691 

Barley 309 

Beans 309 

Boric  Acid 310 

Cable  Rates 313 

Chemical  Industry 311 

Cities,  Population 307 

Commerce 307-309 

Consular  Regulations 312 

Consular  Representatives 312 

Copper 310 

Crops 309 

Customs  Tariff 312 

Dairy  Industry 309 

Expotts 307-309 

Fisheries 310 

Forest  Resources 310 

Gold 310 

Imports 307-308 

Industrial  EstabUshmente 311 

Iron 310 

Language 312 

Lead 310 

Mail  Time 313 

Maiie 309 

Manganese 310 

Manufactures 310-311 

Mercury 310 

Metallurgical  Industry 310 

Mineral  fuel 310 

Minerals 310 

Mining  Industry 310 

Money  Orders 313 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures 312 

Oats 309 

OUve  Oil 309 

Parcel  Post 313 

Post  Offices 311 

Postal  Rates 313 

Potatoes 309 

Production  and  Industry 309-311 

Quarrying 310 

Railways 311 

XVICC  ••••••••«•«••••••••••••••■•••■••  t^v  V 

xCyG  ...•...••■■•••••••••• • Ov» 

Shipping  Routes 312 

Sugar 309, 311 

Sugar  beets 309 

SuFphur 310 

Telegraphs 311 

Telephones 312 

Textile  Industry 310-311 

Wheat 309 

Wine 309 

Zinc 310 

Ivanova-VoBneeensk,  Russia 365 

Ivory,  Abyssinia 819 

Ivory,  Anglo-Egyptian  Sudan 566 

Ivory  Coast: 

Area  and  Population 571 

Cities 571 

Commerce 572 

-CiXporvs  •••■••■••■•••••••••••■■••••••  ^~._ 

\j\ji\x  •  •■•••••••••••••••••••••■••••••  w  A 

X  uipOi  ho  •  •••••  •••»•«■••■■••••••••••••  "*  » 

Railways 572 

Telegraphs 573 

Telephones 572 

Wireless  Stations 572 

Iiabal  (dept.)«  Guatemala 31 

Iihevsk.  Russia 356 

Ismail,  Russia 356 

J 

Jaen  (city),  Spain M© 

Jaffa,  Turkey 396 


Page 

Jaffna,  Ceylon. 446 

Jaipur,  India,  British 459 

Jalapa  (dept.),  Guatemala 31 

Jalapa  (city),  Guatemala 31 

Jalisco  (state),  Mexico 14 

Jalomitsa  (dept.),  Rumania 346 

Jamaica 83-88 

Advertising  Media 87 

Agriculture 86 

Area  and  Population 83 

Automobiles 601 

Cable  Rates 87 

Cacao 88 

Climate 83 

Coffee 86 

Commerce 84-86 

Consular  Regulations 87 

Consular  Representatives 88 

Customs  Tariff 87 

Exports 85-86 

Forest  Resources 87 

Imports 84-86 

Inoustrial  Establishments 87 

Islands 88 

Manufactures 87 

Money  Orders 87 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures 87 

Parcel  Post 87 

Postal  Rates 87 

Production  and  Industry 86-87 

Railways 87 

Rum 87 

Shipping  Routes 87 

Sugar 86 

Telegraphs 87 

Telephones 87 

Tobacco 86 

Jamtland  (govt.),  Sweden 385 

Japan: 

Advertising  Media 491 

Agriculture 476-480 

Antimony 480 

Area  and  Population 470-471 

Automobiles 691 

Bamboo 481 

Barley 478 

Beans 478 

Buckwheat 478 

Cable  Rates 492 

Camphor 481 

Cities,  Population 471 

Coal 480 

Commerce 471-476 

Consular  Regulations 492 

Consular  Representatives 491 

Copper •••  4o0 

vJorn  ..•••••«•••••••••••••••••••••••  '±i  o 

Cotton „  478 

Crops 477^78 

Customs  Tariff 492 

Dairy  Industry 480 

Electric  Plants 485 

Electric  Railways 490 

Emigration 471 

Exports 471-476 

Fisheries 481 

Forest  Resouroes 481 

Fruit 480 

Gas  Plants ^85 

CiOlQ ....•••••.•.•••  %oU 

xicroi) • ,»,.••,»#•••••••••  ^lO 

Immigration ^_.  471 

Imports 471-476 

Indigo • 47o 

Industrial  Establishments 482-484 

Iron... 480 

1  rri^atiOQ  ••••■*•••«•••••••••••••••••         ^#f 

Islands 469 

Language 4oi 

Lead 480 

Livestock 480 

MaU  Time 492 


1 


Page 
Japan  (cont.): 

Manganese 4go 

Manufactures '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.  ".482-485 

Millet 47g 

Minerals. '.'.'.'.'.'.'.  ^480^81 

Mining  Industry 480-481 

Money  Orders 492 

Monev.  Weights  and  Measures ........         491 

Parcel  Poet 492 

p«f»-, :.:. ::::::;::    478 

Petroleum 450 

Poet  Offices !!!!!!!!..*      490 

Postal  Rates 492 

Potatoes * . '  47g 

Production  and  Industry !  476-485 

Railways 490 

Rape  Seed 478 

Rice '_  ]  ■  ■  477 

Sericulture '.'...'.'.'..'.  ;478-479 

Shipbuilding 452 

Shipping  Routes 491 

Silk * [  479 

Silver .'.'!.'.!!!!!!!  480 

Soya  Beans ] .  ]  ]  473 

Steamship  Companies '  482 

Steel '.'.'.'..'  481 

Sulphur 480 

Sweet  Potatoes 475 

Tea '  ■  ■ '  479 

Telegraphs ][  490 

Telephones [[[  490 

Textile  Industry ,\  !484-48o 

Tobacco ' '  478 

Treaty  Rights 469 

Wheat ''[  478 

Wireless  Stations ....!...  490 

Jarvis  Island,  British  Pacific  Islands 627 

Jassy  (dept.),  Rumania 346 

Jassy  (city),  Rumania 347 

Java  Island,  Dutch  East  Indies .[  628 

Jebel  Shammar,  Emirate  of 395 

Jeres,  Spain \\  359 

Jersey  Island,  United  Kingdom ........  402 

Jerusalem,  Palestine '  396 

Jethou  (CO.),  Ireland 402 

Jhtuisi,  India,  British ].',  459 

Jinja,  Uganda  Protectorate ..!!!!....  553 

Jinotega  (dept.),  Nicaragua 41 

Jinotega  (city),  Nicaragua ..'.  41 

Jinotepe,  Nicaragua 41 

Joal  Senegd,  .               573 

Jodhpur,  India,  British 459 

Johannesburg,  Union  of  South  Africa .  .*  .* .' ' , .'  529 

Johore  (State).  Malay  States,  Unfederated . .  495 

k.       Area  and  Population 495 

Commerce ....                                        '    '  aqs; 

Koads 4QK 

w       «  .  - ^uO 

Jonkoping  (govt.),  Sweden 385 

Jonkoping  (city),  Sweden 384 

Jubbulpore,  India,  British .' .'.         459 

Jugo-SIavia: 

Agriculture 317-318 

Area  and  Population 314-315 

Bariey 317 

Cable  Rates 319 

Cities,  Population ....[..'.]'.'.'.'.         315 

Coal 317^  318 

Commerce^  .  .        315-316 

Consular  Regulations 319 

Copper 317,  318 

Corn. 317 

Customs  Tariff 319 

Exports^ 315-316 

Forest  Resources 317,  318 

V°'a  .    317, 318 

Imports 315-316 

Language 319 

Leao 317,318 

Ligmte .    317, 318 

Livestock 317,  318 

Manganese 317 


Page 

Jugo-SIavia  (cont.): 

Manufactures 317,  318 

Minerals. 317,  318 

Money  Orders 319 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures 319 

Oats.. 317 

Parcel  Post 319 

Post  Offices 319 

Postal  Rates 319 

Potatoes 317 

Production  and  Industry 317-318 

Railways 314,  319 

Rye 317 

Salt 317 

Shipping  Routes 319 

Steel 317 

Telegraphs 319 

Telephones 319 

Wheat 317 

Juigalpa,  Nicaragua 41 

Jujuy  (prov.),  Ar^ntina 108 

JuUundur,  India,  British 459 

Junin,  Argentina 109 

Junin  (dept.),  Peru 192 

Jura  (dept.),  France 263 

Jurado  (prov.),  Colombia 153 

Jute,  India,  British 463 

Jute,  Taiwan 490 

Jutiapa  (dept.),  Guatemala 31 

Jutiapa  (city),  Guatemala 31 

Jutland,  Denmark 243 

K 

Kabul,  Afgh&nistiiQ 423 

Kaewieng      (Bismark     Archipelago),      New 

Guinea 638 

Kagi,  Taiwan 4S8 

Kagoshima,  Japan 471 

Kahoolaue  Island,  Hawaii 640 

Kaisarieh,  Turkey 396 

Kaiser  Wilhelm's  Land,  New  Guinea 637 

Kaiserslautem,  Germany 278 

Kaisong,  Chosen 486 

Kako,  Taiwan 488 

Kalisi,  Poland 333 

Kalmar  (govt.),  Sweden 385 

Kalmar  (city),  Sweden 384 

Kaluga  (prov.),  Russia 354 

Kaluga  (city),  Russia 355 

Kamenets-Podolsk,  Russia 355 

Kamenskaya,  Russia 355 

Kamenskoye,  Russia 355 

Kamerun: 

Agriculture 557 

Area  and  Population 557 

Cities,  Population 557 

Cocoa 557 

Commerce 557 

Exports 557 

Forest  Resources 557 

Government 557 

Imports 557 

Kola 557 

Livestock 557 

Minerals 557 

Railways 557 

Rubber 557 

Telegraphs 557 

Kampala,  Uganda  Protectorate 553 

Kanaiawa,  Japan 471 

Kandahar,  Afghanistan 423 

Kaudy,  Ceylon 446 

Kanem,  French  Equatorial  Africa 576 

Kan j  an  (ter.),  French  Guinea 570 

Kansu  (prov.),  China 429 

Kaolack,  Senegal 573 

Kaolin,  Australia 608 

Karachi,  India,  British 459 

Karafuto  Island,  Japan 469,  490 

Karibib,  Proctorate  of  Southwest  Africa 559 


736 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Page 

Karikal  (col.).  India,  French 467 

Karikal  (city),  India,  French 4«7 

Karlskrona,  Sweden g°* 

Karlsruhe,  Germany *^ 

Karlstad,  Sweden ^ 

Karonga,  Nyasaland  Proctorate g^ 

Kara  (prov.),  Rxissia ff* 

Kars  (city),  Russia     . . ^ 

Kashmir  (state),  India,  Bntish *g» 

Katanga  (prov.),  Belgian  Congo o^ 

Kauai  Island,  Hawaii ^w 

Kauri-gum,  New  Zealand oz^ 

Kaaan  (prov.),  Russia ^ 

Kaaan  (city),  Russia ^ 

Kecskemet,  Hungary Vt"  V  j j"  "  * 

Kedah  (state),  Malay  States,  Unfederated: 

Area  and  Population f^f 

Roads \f. 

Telephones *^^ 

Keeling  Islands,  see  Cocoa  Islands. 

Keelung,  Taiwan vv  ;  • ;  •  *  /  J" 

Kelantan  (state),  Malay  States,  Unfederated: 

Agriculture *2« 

Area  and  Population *^ 

Cocoanuts *^ 

Commerce *^ 

Exports J»6 

Forest  Resources V^ 

Imports *^ 

Livestock *^ 

Manufactures *^ 

Minerals *^ 

Post  Offices 4»2 

Rice JJJ 

Roads JJ2 

Rubber JJJ 

Telegraphs *W 

Telephones *^ 

Kenitra,  Morocco ^^f 

Kent  (CO.),  England JOJ 

Kerbela,  Turkey 3^ 

Kerch,  Russia „-i-\ 2x2 

Kermadec  Islands,  New  Zealand Jg 

Kerman,  Persia ^^ 

Kerry  (co.),  Ireland *"• 

Khabarovsk,  Russia «*» 

Kharkov  (prov.),  Russia ^ 

Kharkov  (city),  Russia 355, 367 

Khartoum,  Anglo-Egyptian  Sudan 5o5 

Khartoum  North,  Anglo-Egyptian  Sudan ...  666 

Kherson  (prov.),  Russia fo* 

Kherson  (city),  Russia "Jl'. ^^ 

Kholm  (prov.),  Russia »^ 

Kholm  (city).  Russia «» 

Khunzakh,  Russia 365 

Kiangsi  (prov.),  China **» 

Kiangsu  (prov.),  China **| 

Kiel,  Germany. *^ 

Kiev  (prov.),  Russia ^ 

Kiev  (city),  Russia <>^^' ^' 

Kigoma,  East  Africa o4tf 

Kildare  (co.),  Ireland 402 

Kilkenny  (co.),  Ireland 402 

Kilwa,  East  Africa 549 

Kimberley,  Union  of  South  Afnca 5^ 

Kincardine  (co.),  Scotland 402 

Kinchow,  Kwantung 490 

King's  (CO.),  Ireland 402 

Kingston,  Canada * 

Kingston,  England 402 

Kingston,  Jamaica J'^ 

Kinross  (co),  Scotland |U^ 

Kinshasa,  Belgian  Congo 521 

Kioga,  Lake,  Uganda  Protectorate 553 

Kiongo.  East  Africa 549 

Kirin  (dist),  China ., 429 

Kirkcudbright  (co.),  Scotland 402 

Kishinev,  Russia ^^% 

Kissidugo  (ter.),  French  Guinea 570 

Kitchener,  Canada ^ 

Kiukiang,  China 4iS» 


Page 

Kiungchow,  China 429 

Kiushiu  Island,  Japan *»» 

Klagenfurt.  Austria **» 

Kobe,  Japan 471 

Kochi,  Japan *^J 

Kofu,  Japan 471 

Kokura,  Japan 471 

Kola.  Kamerun ^|^ 

Kolhapur,  India,  British 459 

Kolomna,  Russia 356 

KoloMvar,  Hungary 299 

Konakry,  French  Guinea 570 

Kongmoon,  China *f^ 

Koma,  Turkey .  •  •    •. 396 

Konigliche  Weinberge,  Ciecho-SIovakia 240 

Konigsberg,  Germany 278 

Konigshutte,  Germany f^o 

Kopparberg  (govt.),  Sweden 3o5 

Korea,  see  Chosen.  . 

Korhogo.  Ivory  Coast «^(;« 

Kortcha,  Albania ^J. 

Korytaa,  Greece  .• ^" 

Kostroma  (city),  Russia ^^ 

Kostroma  (prov.).  Russia <»54 

Kota  Bahru  (Kelantan).  Malay  States 4»b 

Kota-Kota,  Nyasaland  Proctectorate 526 

Kotonu.  Dahomey 56» 

Kovno  (prov.).  Russia ^]_»t'  ^^ 

Kovo  (city).  Russia ooo,  6M 

Koweit,  Sultanate  of 395 

Kouroussa  (ter.).  French  Guinea '^W 

Koiani  (dept.).  Grt-ece ^^ 

Kosani  (city),  Greece *»1 

Koslov,  Russia 355 

Kraguyevata,  Jugo-SIavia 315 

Krasnoyarsk,  Russia 355 

Krenienchug,  Russia 365 

Kribi,  Kaniorun 567 

Kristiania.  Norway 3^ 

Kristiansand.  Norway 3z» 

Kristianstad  (govt.).  Sweden 385 

Kronoberg  (govt.),  Sweden 385 

Krugersdorp,  Union  of  South  Afnca 5J9 

Krung.Kao  (dept),  Siam 5w 

Krung  Teb  (Bangkok)  Dept.,  Siam 502 

Ktema.  Cypress 239 

Kuala  Lumpur,  Federated  Malay  States 49d 

Kuala  Trengganu  (Trengganu),  Malay 

States 496 

Kuban  (prov).  Russia JXT 

Kumamoto,  Japan 471 

Kumbakonam.  India,  British 459 

Kunde.  French  Equatorial  Africa 575 

Kuopio.  Finland 257 

Kurdestan,  Area  and  Population 395 

Kure,  Japan 471 

Kuria  Muria  Islands.  Arabia 4/d 

Kursk  (prov.).  Russia 354 

Kursk  (city).  Russia 355 

Kurume,  Japan 471 

Kustanai.  Russia ,. 35d 

Kustendil  (dist.).  Bulgaria ;«30 

Kutais  (prov.).  Russia 354 

Kutais  (citv)  Russia •  •  • 355,  d07 

Kwang-Chan-Wan  (dist.),  French  Indo 

qjjJqh    451 

Kwangsi  (prov.),  China. 429 

Kwantung.  Area  and  Population 49" 

Kwantimg.  Industries 490 

Kweichow  (prov.),  China *^ 

Kyoto.  Japan 471 

Kyrenia,  Cyprus ^39 

L 

Labinskaya.  Russia 355 

Labrador J^ 

Lubuan  Island,  Straits  Settlements old 

Lachine,  Canada J^ 

La  Condamine,  Monaco 3^ 

Laeonia  (dept.),  Greece 291 


INDEX 


737 


Page 

La  Esperanza,  Honduras 38 

Lagos,  Nigeri 557 

Lahore,  India,  British 459 

La  Libertad  (dept.).  Salvador S3 

Lambayeque  (dept.).  Peru 192 

Lame,  French  Equatorial  Africa 575 

Lampongs  (dist.),  Dutch  East  Indies 628 

Lanai  Island,  Hawaii 640 

Lanark  (co.),  Scotland 402 

Lancaster  (co.),  England 401 

Landes  (dept).  France 263 

Landskrona.  Sweden 384 

Langenburg.  East  Africa 549 

Laoag,  Philippine  Islands 645 

Laos,  French  Indo  China 451 

La  Paz  (dept.),  Bolivia 122 

La  Paz  (city),  Bolivia 122 

La  Paz  (dept.).  Salvador 53 

La  Plata,  Argentina 109 

Lara  (state).  Venezuela 209 

Laraiche,  Morocco 592 

Larissa  (dept),  Greece 291 

Larissa  (city).  Greece 291 

La  Rioja  (prov.),  Argentina 108 

Larnaca,  Cyprus 239 

La  Serena,  Chile 143 

Lashkar,  India,  British 459 

Lasithion  (dept.).  Greece 291 

Las  Palmas.  Spain 369 

Las  Tablas.  Panama 48 

Latacunga.  Ecuador 161 

Latvia.  New  Russian  State 364-365 

La  Union.  Salvador 53 

Launceston,  Tasmania 602 

Laurium,  Greece 291 

La  N'ictoria,  Venezuela 209 

Lead: 

Australia 608 

Austria 223,  224 

Belgium 233 

Bolivia 125 

Chile 146 

China 442 

Czecho-Slovakia 245 

France 270 

Germany 287 

Greece 296 

Hungary 302 

India,  British 465 

Italy 310 

Japan 480 

Jugo-Sla\na 317,  318 

Mexico 19 

Peru 196,  198 

Poland 335 

Portugal 343 

Russia 361 

Spain 379,  .380 

Sweden 387 

Tunis 589 

Union  of  South  Africa 542 

United  Kingdom 418 

Lebu,  Chile 143 

Lecce  (prov.),  Italy 306 

Leeds.  England 402 

Leeuwarde.  Netherlands 322 

Leeward  Islands.  British  West  Indies 88-90 

Area  and  Population 88 

Cable  Rates 90 

Climate 89 

Commerce 88 

Consular  Regulations 90 

Customs  Tariff 90 

Exports 88 

Imports 88 

Money  Orders 90 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures 90 

Parcel  Post 90 

Production  and  Industry 89-90 

Shipping  Routes 90 


Page 

Leeward  Islands,  French  Pacific  Islands 636 

I^ghom  (Livomo),  Italy 307 

Le  H&vre,  France [\[\  263 

Leicester  (co.),  England 401 

Leiden,  Netherlands 322 

Leinster,  Ireland 402 

Leipzig,  Germany 278 

Leiria  (dist.),  Portugal , ,  [[  333 

Leitrim  (co.),  Ireland 402 

Lemberg,  Poland 333 

Lentib,  Spain .'. .'. .  380 

Leon  (prov.),  Ecuador, 161 

Leon,  Mexico 14 

Leon,  Nicaragua 42 

Leon  (prov.),  Spain 370 

Lerida  (prov.),  Spain 370 

Leskovatz,  Jugo-Slavia 315 

Les  Saintes  Island,  French  West  Indies .  . . . .  78 

Leyte  Island,  Philippine  Islands 645 

Liaotung,  Japan 459 

Libau  (city),  Russia 365 

Libava,  Russia 355 

Libertad  (dept.) ,  Peru 192 

Liberia: 

Area  and  Population 591 

Banks 591 

Cables 591 

Commerce 591 

Communications [ , ,  ]  591 

Exports [[[  591 

Forest  Resources 591 

Imports 591 

Language 591 

Minerals 591 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures .  .  .  .  . . '. .  591 

Production  and  Industry 591 

Roads 591 

Rubber ] .  591 

Waterwas^ '. .  591 

Liberia,  Costa  Rica , . . .  26 

Liberville,  French  Equatorial  Africa. . . '. '.. '.  575 

Liechtenstein,  Area  and  Population 320 

Liege  (prov.),  Belgium 230 

Liege  (city),  Belgium 230 

Liegnitz,  Germany 278 

Lifou  Island,  New  Caledonia !  637 

Lignite: 

Austria 224 

Czecho-Slovakia 245 

France [  270 

Germany 287 

Greece 296 

Hungary 302 

Jugo-Slavia 317, 318 

Spam 380 

Tunis 589 

Liguria  (dept.),  Italy 305 

Lihou  Island,  United  Kingdom 402 

Lille,  France 263 

Lima  (prov.),  Peru 192 

Lima  (city),  Peru 193 

Limasol,  Cyprus 239 

Limbourg  (prov.),  Belgium 230 

Limburg  (prov.),  Netherlands 321 

Lime: 

Chile. ...  i±ti 

Union  of  South  Africa 542 

Limenck  (co.),  Ireland 402 

Limestone,  Australia 608 

Limon  (prov.),  Costa  Rica 26 

Limon  (city),  Costa  Rica 26 

Linares  (prov.),  Chile 143 

Linares  (city),  Chile 143 

Linares,  Spain 369 

Lincoln  (co.),  England 401 

Linden,  Germany 278 

Lindi,  East  Africa 549 

Linkoping,  Sweden ; 384 

Linlithgow  (co.),  Scotland 402 

Linseed: 

Argentina 115 


c 


738 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


INDEX 


739 


*,< 


Pace 

LiDseed  (cont.)-  ^co 

India.  British *JJ 

Uruguay oifl 

Lin«,  Austria • %oa 

Lisbon  (dist.),  Portugal ^ 

Lisbon  (city),  Portugal.  .  . ^^ 

Lithuania.  New  Russian  State -JJJ 

Little  Elobey  Island.  Spanish  Alnca ow 

Little  Popo,  Togo 2J" 

Liverpool,  England 

Livestock:  gjg 

Abyssinia gyg 

Algeria  ••••;••• 404 

Andaman  Islands ~^ 

Argentina •  • ;;  [gQS.eO? 

Australia 223 

Austria g25 

Basutoland. .... •  •  •• coi; 

Bechuanaland  Protectorate |*^ 

Belgian  Congo 231 

Belgium ;  jgg 

Brssil 238 

Bulgaria 4 

Canada • ' ' " '  450 

Ceylon 149 

Chile 441 

China ; ;  4g7 

Chosen jgj 

Colombia gy 

Cuba • : 243 

Csecho-Slovakia 250 

Denmark ^49 

East  Africa 254 

Faroe  Islands «»« 

Fiji  Islands 259 

Finland 269 

France. .-q  eyt 

French  Guinea **'"•  Yii 

French  Indo  China ^ 

Germany 294 

Greece 515 

Guam  Island ?«• 

Guiana,  British J^j 

Hawaii ^g 

Honduras 3Q2 

Hungary ^^a  4^7 

Ireland • '  cgn 

Italian  Somaliland ^g^ 

Japan 557 

Kamerun iv  ;  •  •  «/  1 4QA 

Kelantan  (state) ,  Malay  States *«» 

Malta 19 

Mexico 324 

Netherlands ggg 

New  Caledonia -22 

New  Zealand 'j-:-'\ in 

Newfoundland  and  Labrador *^ 

Nicaragua 329 

Norway 525 

Nyasaland  Protectorate -. 

Panama t  gg  157 

Paraguay •  • *  ^o'i 

Perlis  (state),  Malay  States *^^ 

Peru , 651 

Philippine  Islands 3^5 

Poland 342 

Portugal •  ■  •  • ; Vcj> 

Protectorate  of  Southwest  Africa ^ 

Rhodesia,  Southern %^ 

Seychelles  Islands Jgg 

Siam ggi 

Spain • COR 

Swaziland  Protectorate gj 

Sweden oqq 

Switzerland 490 

Taiwan ggo 

Togo ;;  589 

Tunis •  •. 640 

Union  of  South  Africa Air  Aift 

United  Kingdom 574 

Upper  Senegal  and  Niger ^'* 


Ps«e 

Livestock  (cont.):  ^^ 

Uruguay gii 

Veneiuela ***» 

Livingston.  Guatemala 31 

Livonia  (prov.).  Russia 354 

Livorno  Tpro\.),  Italy 30o 

LlanquihuA  (prov.),  Chile 1« 

Loanda,  Angola :•••••.• ?zl 

Loango,  French  Equatorial  Africa o70 

Lodz,  Poland WJ 

Logrono  (prov.),  Spain 37U 

Loire-etrCher  (dept.),  France 268 

Loire  (dept).  France M3 

Loire-Inferieure  (dept),  France 2o3 

Loiret  (dept ),  France 263 

Loja  (city),  Ecuador Joi 

Lomas  de  Zamora,  Argentina IW 

Lombardy  (dept),  Italy 305 

Lombok  (dist.),  Dutch  East  Indies o28 

London,  Canada * 

London  (co),  England. 40l 

London  (city),  England *jg 

Londonderry  (co.),  Ireland «02 

Long  Island.  British  West  Indies 59 

Longford  (co),  Ireland *02 

Lorca.  Spain           .  .  .  . • .  •  •  •  ■ ^ 

Lord  Howe  Islands,  Sol  omon  Islands   ••:••.  5x2 

Lorengate  (Admiralty  Islands).  New  Guinea  638 

Lore^o  (dept.),  Peru }»* 

Los  Angeles,  Chile J*^ 

Los  Andes  (ter),  Argentina i"» 

Los  Rios  (prov.),  Ecuador •  •  lol 

Los  Santos  (prov.),  Panama 4° 

Los  Santos  (city),  Panama « 

Lot  (dept),  France ^^ 

Lot-et-Garonne  (dept),  France j^^ 

Louisiades  Islands,  Papua o^ 

Louth  (CO.).  Ireland *"• 

Louvain.  Belgium *Yq 

Lower  Austria  (prov).  Austria ^J» 

Lower  California  (terr.),  Mexico »* 

Loyalty  Islands,  New  Caledonia 637 

Lozdre  (dept.),  France *1^ 

Lubeck,  Germany ^1^ 

Lublin,  Poland ^^g 

Lucca  (prov.),  Italy ^^ 

Lucca  (city).  Italy ^"' 

Lucea,  Jamaica /  "o* '  lil '  *  11 

Luderitzbucht,    Protectorate    of    Southwest 

Africa J^ 

Lucknow,  India,  British *^^ 

Ludwigshafen,  Germany •'" 

Lugansk.  Russia ^^f. 

Lugo  (prov.),  Spain ^'" 

Lumber:  ^.^yv 

Australia "X3 

Austria f  2« 

Borneo tS 

Comoro  Islands ^^ 

Finland '  «S} 

Philippine  Islands °2i 

Siam 5S 

Lund,  Sweden ^ 

Lunda  (dist.), .  Angola ^ 

Lungchow,  China -  g^ 

Luque,  Paraguay      •••-•. i^O 

Luxembourg  (prov.),  Belgium |^y 

Luxemburg «.« 

Area  and  Population |Jg 

Commerce 2.q 

Iron «.« 

Railways •  •  •  • 2i? 

Luzern  (canton).  Switzerland. ^ii 

Luzon  Island.  Philippme  Island ^^ 

Lyon,  France '^ 

M 

Macao  Island.  Area  and  Population JJJ 

Macao  (city).  Macao  Island ♦•J 

Macedonia,  Greece f*l 

Maceio,  Brazil *^ 


Page 


Macenta  (ter.),  French  Guinea 

570 

Macerata  (prov.),  Italy 

306 

Machala,  Ecuador 

161 

Madagascar: 

Agriculture 

583 

Area  and  Population 

580 

Automobiles 

583 

Cable  Rates 

584 

Cities,  Population 

580 

Commerce 

580-583 

Consular  Regulations 

584 

Consular  Representatives 

584 

Customs  TariflF 

584 

Exports 

680-583 

Forest  Resources 

583 

Gold 

583 

Imports 

680-582 

Iron 

583 

Livestock 

583 

Mail  Time 

584 

Manufactures 

583 

Minerals 

583 

Money  Orders 

584 

Native  Tribes 

580 

Parcel  Post 

584 

Platinum 

583 

Postal  Rates 

584 

Postal  Service 

583 

Precious  Stones 

583 

Production  and  Industry 

583 

Railways 

583 

Roads 

583 

Shipping  Routes 

584 

Silver 

583 

Telegraphs 

584 

Telephones 

584 

Wireless  Stations 

584 

Madan^    (Kaiser    Wilhelm's    Land). 

New 

Gumea 

637 

Maderia  Islands,  Portugal 

338 

Madras  (states),  India,  British 

458 

Madras  (prov.),  India,  British 

458 

Madras  (city),  India,  British 

459 

Madre  de  Dios  (dept),  Peru 

192 

Madrid  (prov.),  Spain 

370 

Madrid  (city),  Spain 

Madura,  India,  British 

369 

459 

Madura  Island,  Dutch  East  Indies 

628 

Maestricht,  Netherlands 

322 

Magallanes  Territory,  Chile 

143 

Magdeburg,  Germany 

278 

Magnesite: 

Greece 

296 

India,  British 

465 

Union  of  South  Africa 

542 

Maguey,  Philippine  Islands 

651 

Mahe  (col.),  India,  French 

467 

Mahe  Island,  Seychelles  Islands 

550 

Mahrisch  Ostrau,  Czecho-Slovakia .  .  . . 

240 

Maikop,  Russia 

355 

Maine-et-Loire  (dept.),  France 

263 

Mains,  Germany 

Maisonneuve.  Canada 

278 

1 

Maize: 

Argentina 

115 

Australia 

603-604 

Austria 

223 

France 

269 

Italy 

309 

Rumania 

350 

Uruguay 

205 

Malacca,  Straits  Settlements 

609 

Malaca  (prov.),  Spain 

370 

Mala|^  (city),  Spain 

369 

Malaita  Island,  Solomon  Idands 

fia« 

Malay    States,    Federated,    see    Federated 

Malay  States. 

Malay  States,  Non-federated: 

Agriculture 

495,496 

Area  and  Population 

495 

Commerce 

495.496 

Malay  States,  Non-federated  (cont 

Exports 

Imports 

Livestock 

Rice 

Roads 

Rubber 

Maldive  Islands 

Maldonado,  Peru 

Maldonado  (dept.),  Uruguay.  . 
Maleren,  Lake  (govt.),  Sweden 
Malines  (Mechlin),  Belgium 

Malleco  (prov.),  Chile 

Malmo,  Sweden 

Malmohus  (govt.),  Sweden. 
Malta  Island: 

Agriculture 

Area  and  Population .  . 

Commerce 

Cotton 

Currency 

Customs  TariflF 

Exports 

Fisheries 

Fruit 

Imports 

Language 

Livestock 

Production  and  Industry 

Railways 

Telephones 

Mamasgaii,  Uganda  Protectorate 
Manabi  (prov.),  Ecuador.  .  . 

Managua,  Nicaragua 

Manama,  Bahrein  Islands.. '. 

Manangary,  Madagascar 

Manaos,  Brazil 

Manche  (dept.).  France. ...'. 

Manchester,  England 

Manchuria  (dist.),  China..., 

Mandalay,  India,  British 

Mandeville,  Jamaica 

Manganese: 

Australia 

Brazil 

Canada 

Costa  Rica 

Cuba 

France 

Greece 

Hungary 

India,  British , 

India,  Portuguese 

Italy 

Japan 

Jugo-Slavia *  . ' 

New  Zealand 

Panama 

Spam 

Sweden , 

Tunis ',] 

Turkey 

Mangareva  Island,  GambieV 
Manila,  Philippine  Islands .  . 
Manitoba  (prov.),  Dominion 

Manizales,  Colombia 

Manjack,  Barbadoes 

Manjack,  Trinidad 

Mannheim,  Germany 

Mansura,  Egypt 

Mantova  (prov.),  Italy 

Manua  Island,  Samoan  Islands 

Manzanillo,  Cuba 

Maracaibo,  Venezuela 

Marakesh,  Morocco 

Maranhao  (state),  Brazil 

Marble,  Greece 

Marcantsetra,  Madgascar. . . 

Marches  (dist.),  Italy 

Mar  del  Plata,  Argentina .  .  . 
Mare  Island,  New  Caledonia 


Islands 


of  Canada 


Page 

495. 496 

495. 496 

495. 496 

495. 496 

495. 496 

495.  496 

451 

192 

202 

385 

230 

143 

384 

385 

320 
320 
320 
320 
320 
320 
320 
320 
320 
320 
320 
320 
320 
320 
320 
553 
161 

42 
424 
580 
128 
263 
402 
429 
459 

83 

608 

133. 135 

6 

29 

67 
270 
296 
302 
465 
468 
310 
480 
317 
623 

51 
380 
387 
589 
398 
636 
645 
1.4 
153 

61 
103 
278 
561 
305 
638 

63 
209 
592 
128 
296 
580 
306 
109 
637 


I 


*. 


I  1 


f.i 


740 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


Page 

Marianne  Islands.  Pacific  Islands . 615 

Marie  Galante  Islands,  Irench   Indies {» 

Mariupol.  Russia  ■•■■••••■„■■.■■■, ^9^ 

Marlborough  (prov.).  New  Zealand biy 

Marne  (dept.) ,  France  •■•■■•■.,:■  y  :■[■    ■  i^ 

Marquesas  Islands,  French  Pacific  Islands. . .  63b 

Marseille,  France      .  ...  •••••• ^^7 

Marshall  Islands,  Pacific  Islands ow 

Martinique. »^  ^^ 

Area  and  Population « J 

Automobiles "^i 

Cable  Rates J^ 

Commerce no 

Consular  Regulations «* 

Customs  Tariff Zt 

Exports Xf 

Imports :  • q. 

Industrial  Establishments »* 

Manufactures •  •  • ^^ 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures »^ 

Rum Q9 

Shipping  Routes |* 

Sugar... .-. 

Manigame.  Japan '•  * 

Masaya,  Nicaragua. ..  ••.••■•,••. flit 

Masbate  Island,  Philippine  Islands o«o 

Maseru.  Basutoland.  .•■••■ ^ 

Massa  e  Carrara  (prov.),  Italy ^w 

Massawah,  Eritrea.  .      .  ■••  —  .•••; J?V 

Massua.  Italian  Somahland  (Eritrea) ol& 

Matagalpa  (dept.).  Nicaragua 4A 

Matagalpa  (city),  Nicaragua «* 

Matam,  Senegal  •  •  ■  •  • **«» 

Matanzas  (prov.),  Cuba ?? 

Matanzas  (city),  Cuba "^ 

Matapa,  Nicaragua *f 

Matsumoto.  Japan *' J 

Matsuyama.  Japan |*  J 

Matsuye,  Japan  •••■••••••.,■ Vqo 

Matto  Grosso  (state).  Brazil *^ 

Maturin,  Venezuela fV^ 

Maui  Island,  Hawaii Yl^ 

Maule  (prov.),  Chile J*^ 

Mauretania,  Area  and  Population «>'* 

Mauritius:  jy;^ 

Cables *to 

Commerce _  ,q 

ppo^S :::  550 

Imports ggQ 

Population ••  550 

Ja»l^'^y8 .  550 

Sugar -cQ 

Telegraphs •■••••  gg 

MavIgul^^a°lSand,'  BritishWest  Indies 59 

Mayenne  (dept.),  France ^^ 

Mayebashi,  Japan .^^ 

Mayo  (CO.),  Ireland •  •  • JVf 

Mayotte  Island,  Comoro  Islands »»? 

Mazagan,  Morocco ^2, 

Mazatenango,  Guatemala ^* 

Mazico  (dist.),  Angola 

Meat  Industry:  jj^ 

Argentina 133 

?f^" 2(H,  205 

Uruguay '"'•  .^o 

Meath  (co),  Ireland ™| 

Mecca,  Hedjaz .  .  ._ ^gg 

Mechedissar,  Persia -  _- 

Medellin.  Colombia Ifi 

Mediva,  Hedjaz *^° 

Meerut,  India,  British T^J^ 

Mehedintsi  (dept).,  Rumania JJ^ 

Meknes,  Morocco . ._ g^o 

Melbourne,  Australia.  •••:•_•,•. roq 

Menada  (dist.),  Dutch  East  Indies o^ 

Mendoza  (prov.).  Argentina *^ 

Mendoza  (city),  Argentma ^29 

Mengtsz,  China. jqq 

Mercedes,  Argentina 202 

Mercedes,  Uruguay ■•■■•  ■-■\\ 701 

Merchant  Tonnage  of  the  World '"* 


Pago 

Mercury:  -^„ 

Hungary ^Yn 

K„" ;.■.■.;::::::::::  m 

sp™n.... ■..■.:::■..: 379,380 

Merida,  Mexico „j\* 

Merida  (stete),  Venezuela *"» 

Merida  (city).  Venezuela fW 

Merioneth  (co.).  Wales 401 

Merowe,  Anglo-Egyptian  Sudan o^ 

xMeshed.  Persia ,. ^ 

Mesopotamia,  Area  and  Population ^ 

Messina  (prov.),  Italy ^"^ 

Messina  (city),  Italy 307      . 

Messenia.  Greece fzi 

Meta  (int.) ,  Colombia . ... . . . .  •  • ;    • ; l^ 

Metallurgical  Industry,  United  Kingdom. ...  jUO 

Meurthe-et-Moselle  (dept.),  France 2W 

Meuse  (dept.),  France ^ 

Mwanza,  East  Africa ^^ 

Mexico:  „. 

Advertising  Media *^ 

Agriculture *2 

Area  and  Population ** 

Automobiles "^^ 

Cities,  Population J* 

Climate " 

Commerce '■^  ~^\ 

Consular  Regulations ^J 

Consular  Representatives ,t  fa 

Copper '\q 

Cotton 4i 

Customs  Tariff f^ 

Exports 1*-}' 

Forest  Resources J^ 

Gold \l 

Henequen , .  *2 

Imports l*-;2 

India  Rubber \^ 

Industrial  Establishments *» 

Lead... \l 

Livestock \° 

Manufactures ,_  J° 

Minerals 1',  1» 

Money  Orders . ^ 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures ^ 

Parcel  Post f^ 

Petroleum J'  10 

Production  and  Industry *     ix 

Post  Offices S 

Postal  Rates |" 

Railways fr 

Shipping  Routes f  * 

Silver }5 

Sugar..    J» 

Telegraphs. » 

Textile  Industry "* 

Wireless  Stations ^ 

Mexico  (state),  Mexico ** 

Mexico  (city),  Mexico J* 

Mica,  India,  British *o^ 

Mica,  Nyasaland  Protectorate 0^ 

Michoacan  (state),  Mexico. ...•••  1* 

Middle  Congo  Colony,  French  Equatorial 

Africa °' 

Middlesex  (co).  England JJl 

Milan  (Milano).  Italy »J(' 

Milano  (prov.).  Italy ^° 

France ^? 

Egypt J5I 

fe;::::::::::::::::::::::::::::38o.38i 

Minas  (dept.),  Uruguay. f^ 

Minas  Geraes  (state).  BrasU. "» 

Mindanao  Island,  Philippine  Islands 0*0 

Mindoro  Island,  Philippine  Islands <>**> 

Mining  Industry: 

Australia '  Sn 

France 5^ 

Germany ***' 


INDEX 


Page 

Mining  Industry  (cent.): 

Japan 480, 481 

Union  of  South  Africa 641, 542 

Mining  Stores,  Union  of  South  Africa 539 

Minsk  (prov.),  Russia 354,  364 

Minsk  (city),  Russia 355,  364 

Minya,  Egypt 561 

Miquelon 12 

Miranda  (state).  Veneiuela 209 

Misiones  (ter.).  Ar^ntina 108 

Mitau  (city),  Russia 365 

Mitava,  Russia 355 

Mito,  Japan 471 

Mitre  Islands.  Solomon  Islands 638 

Moca.  Dominican  Republic 73 

Modena  (prov.).  Italy 306 

Modena  (city),  Italy 307 

Modling,  Austria 219 

Mogador.  Morocco 592 

Moghilev  (provO,  Russia 354 

Moheli  Island.  Comoro  Islands 584 

Mohilev-on-Dniepr,  Russia 355 

Mohilev-on-Dniestr.  Russia 355 

Moji,  Japan 471 

Moiunga.  Madagascar 580 

Moldava  (dept.),  Rumania 346 

Molokai  Island.  Hawaii 640 

Molucca  Islands.  Dutch  East  Indies 628 

Molybdenite: 

Australia 608 

India,  British 465 

Molybdenum,  Peru 198 

Mombasa,  British  East  African  Protectorate.  548 

Mommerah,  Persia 498 

Monaco: 

Area  and  Population 320 

Cities,  Population 320 

Monaco  (city),  Monaco 320 

Monagas  (state),  Veneiuela 209 

Monaghan  (co.),  Ireland 402 

Monastir.  Jugo-Slavia 315 

Monaiite.  India.  British 465 

Moncton.  Canada 1 

Money  Orders: 

Abyssinia 620 

AfghAnistto 424 

Algeria 579 

Angola 597 

Argentina 120 

Australia 616 

Austria 226 

Aaores 228 

Bahama  Islands 59 

Baldchist  An 425 

Barbados 61 

Belgian  Congo 523 

Belgium 234 

Bohvia 126 

Bulgaria 239 

Cape  Verde  Islands 598 

Ceylon 451 

^^■^IvSU  •••••••«•■••••••••••■•••••••••  X9X 

^^UUf7  «  ••••••••••••••••••■•■•••••••••  XOX 

China 444 

Colombia 159 

Costa  Rica 30 

Csecho-Slovalda 246 

•  Denmark 254 

Dominican  Republic 77 

Dutch  East  Indies 635 

Ecuador 167 

Egypt 566 

Federated  Malay  States 495 

Fiji  Islands 617 

Finland 261 

France 273 

Fn>nch  Indo  China 466 

French  West  Africa 569 

Germany 288 

Greece 297 

Guam  Island 616 


741 


Page 
Money  Orders  (cont.) : 

Guatemala 37 

Guiana.  British  i70 

Guiana,  Dutch .  • igi 

Guiana,  French [  182 

Haiti g2 

Hawaii 543 

Honduras !.!.!!!.'.  40 

Hungan^ ] , ,'  303 

India.  British 467 

India,  French .',  467 

India,  Portuguese 468 

Italy 313 

Jamaica 87 

Japan 492 

Jugo*Slavia 319 

Leeward  Islands 90 

Madagascar 534 

Mexico 21 

Morocco ,.\  596 

Netherlands 326 

New  Caledonia 637 

New  Guinea 633 

New  Hebrides  Islands 617 

New  Zealand 626 

Nicaragua ,' . .'  47 

Norway 331 

Panama .'  52 

Paraguay 190 

Persia 501 

Peru 200 

Philippine  Islands 664 

Poland 336 

Porto  Rico 100 

Portugal ,....  344 

Portuguese  Guinea 599 

Rumania 351 

Russia ......'.  363 

S.  Thom6  and  Principe 599 

Salvador 53 

Samoan  Islands *  639 

Siam ; ; ;  508 

Spain 383 

Straits  Settlements 513 

Sweden []  339 

Switzerland '.."..'.'.  394 

Tonga  Islands ." .'  627 

Trinidad '  103 

Tunis ;;.;  590 

Turkey        .  . 399 

Union  of  South  Africa 547 

United  Kingdom 422 

United     States    service     with     foreign 

countries 686 

Uruguay 207 

Venezuela 2I6 

Mongolia .'...!,'!!!  429 

Monmouth  (co.).  England ...!.'......!!!!!'.  401 

Mono  Island,  Solomon  Islands 638 

Monrovia,  Liberia 591 

Mons,  Belguim 230 

Monfte  Cario.  Monaco ]  32O 

Monte  Cristi  (im)v.).  Dominican  Republic ...  73 

Montego  Bay,  Jamaica 83 

Montenegro .314, 315,  318 

Monterey,  Mexico 14 

Montevideo  (dept.),  Uruguay. .'. ..........'.  202 

Montevideo  (city),  Uruguay 202 

Montgomery  (co.),  Wales 401 

Montreal,  Canada 1 

Montserrat  Island,  West  Indies .......... . .  88-89 

Moorea  Island,  Society  Islands 636 

Moosejaw,  Canada 1 

Moquegua  (prov.),  Peru 193 

Moquegua  (city),  Peru 193 

Moradabad,  India,  British 459 

Morant  Bay.  Jamaica 83 

Moravia  (prov.),  Czecho-Slovakia 219,  240 

Morazan  (dept.).  Salvador 53 

Morbihan  (dept.).  France 263 

More  (dist.).  Norway 327 


742 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


INDEX 


Pftg« 

14 
471 
637 


595 
502 


i< 


Morelos  (state),  Menco 

ISorot'iKK  Wiihdm'.lWndV,  Ne,Gui«. 

Morocco: 

Agriculture 

Area  and  Population ^^ 

Automobiles j^g^ 

Cable  Rates. 592 

Cities,  Population 593-594 

Commerce  ...••. tog 

Consular  Regulations. ,95 

Consular  Representatives ggg 

Customs  Tariff 593-594 

Exports 595 

Fisheries 595 

Forest  Resources ^92 

Government 593-594 

Imports 596 

Mail  Time 595 

Manufactures 595 

Minerals. 595 

Money  Orders ;  •.  ;  ' "    '_:.: fjQH  596 

Money.  Weight  and  Measures 596 

Parcel  Post 595 

Postal  Rates 595 

Postal  Service 
Production 

Railways 

Roads 

Shipping  Routes . . . 

Telegraphs 

Tdephones 

Wireless  Stations.. 
Morshansk,  Russia. . ... 
Moscow  (prov.),  Russia 
Moscow  (city) ,  Russia . 

Mossamedes.  Angola gjg 

Mostar,  Jugo-Slavia 395 

Mosul,  Turkey .  . - 355 

Motovilikha,  Russia. .. . .. .    •    ■.:• 424 

Muharrak  Island,  Bahrein  Wands J^ 

Muharrak  (town),  Bahrein  Islands JJ^ 

Mulai  Idris,  Morocco. 078 

Mulheim-on-Rhme,  Germany ^^ 

Mulheim-on-Ruhr,  Germany ^ ^g 

Multan,  India,  British 278 

Munchen  Gladbach,  Germany 278 

278 
402 
370 
369 
407 
346 


Napoli  (prov.),  Itoly 

Naphtha,  Russia 

Nara.  Japan i  ;•  \ 

Nassau,  Bahama  Islands 

Natal,  Bra«il •  •  •  •  •  •  ■■::■■ 

Natal  (prov.).  Union  of  South  Africa. 


Page 

306 
361 
471 
50 
128 
529 
370 


346 
493 

645 


ice cQc 

and  Industry ^'^ 

695 
596 
595 
595 
595 
355 
354 
355 
597 


Munich  (Munchen),  Germany. 
Munster,  Germany. . . 
Munster,  Ireland...... 

Murcia  (prov.).Sp.am 
Murcia  (city),  Spain.. 
Muscat,  Oman.  .•••••  ^_„ 

Muschel  (dept  ),  Rumania ^^y 

Muttrak.  Oman . . . ...  •  •  •  •  ■ ;    • 45g 

Mysore  (state).  India.  British ^g 

Mysore  (city).  India.  British ^^ 

Mytilene  (dept),  Greece 


Navarra  (prov.),  Spain ^^^ 

Nawa,  Japan .  . -, 

NeamUu  (dept.).  Rumania . ;;  ,  •  a:  . •  • 

Negri  Sembilan(8Ute).FedeTat4jd  Malay  States 

NegroB  Island.  Philippine  Islands ^^ 

Neid  and  Hasa,  Emirate  of ^^ 

Nelson  (prov.).  New  Zealand ^^ 

Nelson  (city).  New  Zealand o^ 

Netherlands:  305 

Advertising  Media loxA^ 

Agriculture ^^21 

Area  and  Population ^JJ 

Automobiles 325 

Barley ,26 

CableRates ^g 

Canals 'VX2 

Cities.  Population JJg 

Cominewe."  ''.'.'.'.\.'. ^^"?S 

Consular  Regulation* ^^ 

Cropa .•  • 325 

Customs  Tariff 322-323 

Exports 325 

Fis^^T" 322-323 

Imports ***  XXi 

Industrial  EsUblishments gj 

Language ^24 

Livestock »oA 

MaU  Time *f2 

Manufactures ^**'^ 

Minerals 

Money  Orders 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures .......  |^ 

Oats gj 

Parcel  Post 2S 

Postal  Rates jg 

Potatoes •■,•,••., ^9i_'?2'> 

Production  and  Industry  ^/d  ^^o 

Provinces 325 

g^" ::::::     325 

Rye qoA 

Shipping  Routes ^'V 

Sugar  beets 305 

Telegraphs gjg 


291 


Nabi  Saleh  Island.  Bahrein  Islands gj 

Naga,  Philippine  Islands ^yj 

Nagano,  Japan ^fi 

Nagaoka,  Japan 459 

Nagpur,  India,  British jOO 

Nagy  Varad,  Hungary ^qj 

grrB'ruth'SAWc,BP«Uctor.ie;.:  M| 

Nakhicbevan-on-Don,  Russia ^ 

Nakom  Chaisri  (dept  ).  Siam ?J^ 

Nakorn  Rachasima  (dept.),  Siam Sg^ 

Nakom  Sawan  (dept.).  Siam ^ 

Nakorn  Stritamarat  (dept.).  Siam ^^ 

Namur  (prov.).  Belgium 23O 

Namur  (city).  Belgium 263 

Nancy,  France 429 

Nankmg.  China 263 

Nantes,  France . 620 

Napier,  New  Zealand 3^7 

Naples  (Napoh).  Italy 


325 
326 
326 


Telephones „«- 

Textile  Industry ^S 

Waterways i^ 

Wheat fjS 

Neuquen  (ter.).  Argentina *Y? 

Nevis  Island,  West  Indies. ...... ....  ••••••  ^U^'Z 

New  BriUin  Island.  Bismarck  Archipelago^ . 
New  Brunswick  (prov.)  Donriinion  of  Canada 
New  Caledonia  Island,  French  Pacific  Islands. 


637 
1.4 


Agriculture. 


636 


Agricuiiurc fljy. 

Area  and  Population ^ 

Cable  Rates 

Chrome  ore 

Dependencies 

Forest  Resources 
Imports 


637 

636 

636-637 

636 


636 
636 


Livestock ^3^ 


Manufactures 

Minerals 

Monev  Orders. . . 

Nickel 

Parcel  Post 

Postal  Rates .... 

Railways 

Rum 

Shipping  Routes . 

Steel 

Telegraphs 

Telephones 

Tobacco 


636 

637 

636 

637 

637 

636 

636 

636 

636 

636 

636 

636 


Page 

New  Georgia  Island,  Solomon  Island 638 

New  Guinea  Island,  Pacific  Islands 637 

Cable  Rates 638 

Consular  Regulations 638 

Mail  Time 638 

Money  Orders 638 

Parcel  Post 638 

Postal  Rates 638 

Shipping  Routes 638 

New  Hebrides  Islands: 

Area  and  Population 617 

Cables 617 

Exports 617 

Imports 617 

Mail  Time 617 

Money  Orders 617 

Parcel  Post 617 

Postal  Rates 617 

New  Ireland  Island,  Bismarck  Archipelago . .  637 

New  Pl3Tnouth,  New  Zealand 620 

New  Providence  Island.  British  West  Indies  69 

New  South  Wales  (state),  Australia 601 

New  Westminster,  Canada 1 

New  Zealand: 

Advertising  Media 625 

Agriculture 622 

Antimony 623 

Area  and  Population 610 

Automobiles 691 

Barley 622 

Cable  Rates 626 

Chrome  ore 623 

Cities,  Population 619 

Climate 618 

Coal 623 

Commerce 620-622 

Consular  Regulations. 626 

Consular  Representatives 626 

Copper 623 

Customs  Tariff 626 

Exports 620-622 

Forest  Resources 622 

Gold 623 

Hematite 623 

Imports 620-621 

Industrial  Establishments 624-625 

Islands 619,  626 

Kauri-gum 623 

Language 625 

Livestock 622 

Mail  Time 626 

Manganese 623 

Manufactures 624-625 

Minerals 623 

Money  Orders 626 

Money,  Weights  and  \f easures 625 

North  Island 610 

Oats 622 

Parcel  Post 626 

Postal  Rates 626 

Production  and  Industry 622-625 

Provincial  Districts 610 

RaUways 625 

Scheelite  (tungsten) 623 

Shale 623 

Shipping  Routes 625 

Silver 623 

South  Island 610 

Sulphur 623 

Telegraphs 625 

^eat 622 

„     Wool 622 

Newcastle,  Australia 602 

Newcastle,  England 402 

Newchang,  China 429 

Newfoundland  and  Labrador 10-12 

Agriculture 10 

Area  and  Population 10 

Automobiles 691 

Commerce 10-12 


743 


Page 

Newfoundland  and  Labrador  (cont  ): 

g.^PO'^ 11,12 

Fisheries jq 

Imports '..'..'.'..'.'.  10,  11 

Livestock 10 

Minerals jq 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures ........  12 

Post  Offices 12 

Railways. '.y.'.iy.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.['.'.[[  12 

Telegraphs 12 

Telephones ......'  12 

Nianing,  Senegal .    .  573 

Nicaragua 41-47 

Agriculture 45 

Area  and  Population 41 

Automobiles ..'..'....'.  691 

Cable  Rates 47 

Cities,  Population [  ,\  41 

Climate ' ' ' '  41 

Cocoa '......[  46 

Coffee .'............'.  46 

Commerce 42—4.5 

Consular  Regulations 47 

Consular  Representatives 47 

Customs  Tariff 47 

5*P«^a^ '.'.'.'•'.  A2,  45,  46 

rorest  Resources 46 

Gold :.■;■.■;;;■  JS 

Imports.   ;  .42,  43,  44 

Industrial  Establishments 46 

Livestock 46 

Manufactures ' . ,  ]  46 

Money  Orders ...'.'.  47 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures ........  46 

Parcel  Poet 47 

Post  Offices ....'...'.'.  47 

Postal  Rates 47 

Production  and  Industry 46 

Railroads 46 

Shipping  Routes 47 

Sugar 46 

Telegraphs 46 

Telephones 46 

Nice,  France 263 

Nickel: 

Germany 287 

Greece 296 

New  Caledonia 636 

Norway 329 

Nicobar  Islands 424 

Nicosia,  Cyprus 239 

Nictheroy,  Brazil 128 

Nidwald  (canton),  Switzerland 391 

Niivre  (dept.),  France 263 

Niger  Territory  (Zinder-Chad) 574 

Nigeria; 

Area  and  Population 557 

Commerce 557-558 

Cotton 558 

Currency 558 

Exports 557-558 

Imports 557-558 

Minerals 558 

OU,  Palm 558 

Ports 558 

Post  Offices 558 

Postal  Service 558 

Production  and  Industry 558 

Railways 558 

Roads 558 

Telegraphs 558 

Telephones 558 

Niigata,  Japan 471 

Niihau  Islands,  Hawaii 640 

Nikolayev,  Russia 355 

Nikshitch,  Jugo-Slavia 315 

Nimeguen,  Netherlands 322 

Ningpo.  China 429 

Nish,  Jugo-Slavia 315 

Nitrates,  Chile 146 


i 

I 

I 


744 


EXPORTERS  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


M 


Page 

Niahnii  Novgorod  (prov.).  Russia 354 

Nizhnii,  Novgorod  (city),  Russia ^ 

Ni«nhe,  TagUsk.  Russia ^oo 

Nikolskoye.  Russia  ....;.••••. ^ 

N'Jale,  French  Equatorial  Afnca g<o 

Nord  (dept.).  France .. 25d 

Nord  Trondelag  (dist.).  Norway ^^ 

Nordland  (dist.).  Norway ^^' 

Norfolk  (CO.).  England *"* 

Norfolk  Island  (Austraba) o^o 

Norrbotten  (govt.).  Sweden ^^ 

Norrkoping.  Sweden.  ■•■■■•y\ o5? 

North  Brabant  (prov.).  Netheriands g^} 

North  Holland  (prov.),  Netherlands f^^ 

Northampton  (co.).  England . |"J 

Northumberland  (co.),  England *"* 

Norway: 

Advertising  Media ^ 

Agriculture , |*« 

Area  and  Population -  f*' 

Automobiles ^oo 

Barley ^*Y 

Cable  Rates ^ 

Cities,  Population ooaJm 

Commerce. ^'^fr 

Consular  Regulations.. «* 

Consular  RepresentaUves ^^ 

Copper gg 

Com «oQ 

Crops ^g 

^S2f!:::::::::::::::::::::::-;-'"32^29 

Fisheries ^29 

Forest  Resources ^^ 

Sj<irtB.V.;  [['.['.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'■'-''•  '328-329 

Industrial  Establishments 330 

Iron „«^ 

Language 2^ 

Livestock ^*? 

Mail  Time ^ 

Manufactures ^ 

Minerals ^^^  xfx 

Mining  Industry 32»,  &M 

Money  Orders :  vv  '  *  • '  • Hk 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures ^M 

K* ::.:'.'.'*  329 

Uats 001 

Parcel  Post ^\ 

Postal  Rates ||^ 

Production  and  Industry ^^^32? 

Railways ,,( 

Shipping  Routes ^ 

SUver 2g 

Rye ooQ 

wheat 2a2 

Norwich,  England. ..  •  •  •  •  • JJJ. 

Nottingham  (co.) ,  England wi 

Nottingham  (city) ,  England *"^ 

Noumea.  New  Caledonia  .:•;.••  w,- •  •  v  •  • '  r*4 

Nova  Scotia  (prov.),  Dominion  of  Canada    .  l^ 

Novara  (prov.).  Italy «» 

Novara  (city),  Italy. ^ 

Novgorod  (prov.).  Russia »»? 

Novgorod  (city),  Rusaa ^ 

Nova  Wedondo,  Angola «»• 

Novocherkask,  Ruasia gj 

Novorosaisk,  Russia ^ 

Nuble  (prov.),  ChUe. •  • "g 

Neuva  Esparta  (state) .  Veneiuela ^ 

Neuva  San  Salvador,  Salvador o» 

Neuva  Segovia  (dept.).  Nicaragua *i 

Nuevo  Leon  (state),  Mexico. .  •    •  • ; " 

Nukahiva  Island,  Marqueww  Islands ^5 

Nukha,  Russia.  •..•••••: i^ 

Nukualofa,  Tonga  IsUnds J*' 

Numbcrg,  Germany fi? 

Nuts.  Greece ... ....;.. ^S 

Nyasa,  Lake,  East  Afnca ^^ 


Page 

Nyasaland  Protectorate: 

A^culture 5M 

Area  and  Population o2o 

Coal S26 

CofiTee »2o 

Commerce f^ 

Cotton 525 

Customs  Tari£F 838 

Forest  Resources MB 

Graphite ^j2 

Iron • ?«S 

Livestock 8*0 

Mica 828 

niinerals •• • ♦•  «S 

Ports 826 

Post  Offices 828 

Railways 826 

Tea 828 

Telegraphs 828 

Tobacco 826 

Nyeihin,  Russia 3&5 

N'^Zerekore  (ter.),  Fr«noh  Guinea 870 


O 

Oahu  Island,  Hawaii }*0 

Oato,  Argentina 1*8 

*^Au8traUa ^^'SJi 

Austria 223 

Belgium 231 

Bulgaria 238 

Canada _.* 

Cyprus 239 

Ciecho-Slovakia ***'?S 

Denmark ^.„  250 

Finland 288, 269 

Germany 283 

Himeary "**• 

irSiSd:.: ««.4i7 

Italy...., 309 

Jugoslavia 3*7 

Netherlands 328 

New  Zealand ^ 

Norway 5*9 

Portugal I" 

Rumimia ^w 

Russia -_^  380 

Spain 380, 381 

Sweden 386, 387 

Switserland Wl 

Tunis 889 

Union  of  South  Africa ;;;•;;;  \., a  5t2 

United  Kingdom 414, 418, 416, 417 

Uruguay 208 

World's  Production WJ 

Oaxaca  (state),  Mexico 14 

Oaxaca  (city),  Mexico 1* 

Oberhausen,  Germany  ..•••.• 278 

Obwald  (canton),  Switserland 891 

Ocotal,  Nicarauga 41 

Odense,  Denmark *« 

OdAasa.  Russia «85, 367 

Offenbach,  Germany fi2 

O'Higgins  (prov.),  ChUe 143 

OU,  Palm,  Nigeria {68 

OU,  Soya-Bean,  China 441 

Oise  (dept),  France jw 

Oita,  Japan JJJ 

Okayama,  Japan *'l 

OliveoU:  ^^^ 

Grt^ 29* 

Italy..., gy 

Portugal 1*1 

Spain 577 

iSmis g» 

Olmuti,  Csecho-Slovakia 240 

Olonets  (prov.),  Russia 354 

Olsfold  (dist.),  Norway 327 

Oltenia  (dept.),  Rumania 346 


INDEX 


745 


Page 

Oltu  (dept.),  Rumania 346 

Oman: 

Area  and  Population 497 

Commerce .  .      497 

Customs  TanflF 497 

Exports 497 

Imports 497 

Minerals     . .    '. ". '. '.  497 

Monev,  Weights  and  Measures 497 

Postal  Service 497 

Omaniru,  Protectorate  of  Southwest  Africa .  559 

Omdurman,  Anglo-Egyptian  Sudan 565 

Omsk,  Russia 355 

Onions,  Bermuda [\[  23 

Onomichi,  Japan 471 

Ontario  (prov.),  Dominion  of  Canada. . . .    ! .  1, 4 

Opium,  Persia 499 

Opolu  Island,  Samoan  Islands. ............  638 

Oran,  Algeria 573 

Orange  Free  State  (prov.),  Union  of  So.  Africa     529 

Orebro  (govt.),  Sweden 335 

Orebro  (city),  Sweden 354 

Orel  (prov.),  Russia .' .  [  354 

Orel  (city) ,  Russia [ ' '  355 

Orenburg  (prov.),  Russia [.[  354 

Orenburg  (city),  Russia 355 

Orense  (prov.),  Spain ]  370 

Oriente  (prov.),  Cuba [  63 

Oriente  (prov.),  Ecuador '  jgi 

Orissa  (state) ,  India,  British '.  458 

Onssa  (prov.),  India,  British 458 

Onsaba,  Mexico 14 

Orkney  (00.),  Scotland 402 

Orland  (dist.),  Norway * . '  327 

Ome  (dept.),  France [ 263 

Oro  (prov.),  Ecuador ;.'.'.*.'  151 

Oruro  (dept.).  Bolivia 122 

Oruro  (city),  Bolivia 122 

Osaka,  Japan .  471 

Osnabruck,  Germany !!!!.!  278 

Ostend,  Belgium ]!!!!!.".  230 

C^tergotland  (govt.),  Sweden ..........  385 

Otago  (prov.).  New  Zealand 619 

Otaru.  Japan 471 

Otsu,  Japan ]...*..!!!!  471 

Ottawa,  Canada '.'.'.'..'.....'.'.  l 

Oudh  (prov.),  India,  British. .          . . .  .....',  458 

Oujda,  Morocco 592 

Overyssel  (prov.) ,  Netherlands ." .' .' .'.'. '. '.'.'.'..'.  321 

Oviedo  (pro.).  Spain 370 

Oviedo  (city).  Spam 359 

Owen  Sound,  Canada 1 

Oxford  (CO.),  England 401 

P 

Pachuca,  Mexico 14 

Pacific  Islands 616, 617,  627^  636!  637,"  638, 639 

I'aciticador  (prov.),  Dominican  Republic 73 

Padova  (prov.)   Italy 305 

Padua  (Padova),  Italy 307 

Pagopago,  Samoan  Islands ' . .'  639 

Pahang  (state),  Federated  Malay  States .' .' ! !  493 

Pakhoi,  China 429 

Pakyong,  Sikkim 503 

Palau  Islands.  Pacific  Islands ..'.'. '. ". '. '. '. ". '. . . '.  616 

Palembang  (dist.),  Dutch  East  Indies 628 

Palencia  (prov.),  Spain 370 

Palermo  (prov.),  Italy 306 

Palermo  (city),  Italy '.'.'.'.'.'.'.  307 

i'alma,  hpain 369 

Palmerston,  North,  New  Zealand  .. . .  620 

Pa  moan  Island,  Philippine  Islands 645 

Falmyra  Island,  Bntish  Pacific  Islands 627 

Pampa  Central  (ter.),  Argentina 108 

Pamplona,  Spain ....'..*.'..  369 

Panama .  .    .*.*..'.      48-52 

Advertising  Media !'.*.!'.','.',. .    '.  52 

Agriculture .'!.*.".'...'.*!!..  51 

Area  and  Population !!!!!!!  48 


Panama  (cont.J: 

Automobiles ggj 

Cable  Rates 52 

Cities,  Population .*!!.'.*.'.'.".".'!.'  48 

Climate ao 

g-^              »o 

Commerce 49-51 

Consular  Regulations !!.!!!!!.!!  52 

Consular  Representatives 62 

Copper ;  51 

Customs  Tariff 52 

Exports^ 49_51 

Forest  Resources 51 

Cold.  .X. 51 

Imports 4Q-';n 

Livestock 51 

Manganese !..*!!!!!!.'.'  51 

Manufactures !!!!!!  51 

Minei  als !!!!!!!!  51 

Money  Orders !!!!!!!!!.!  52 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures. .  . . . . . .  61 

Parcel  Post 52 

Post  Offices .!!!!!.!!.!  62 

Postal  Rates 52 

Production  and  Industry '.'..'.'.  51 

Railways \\  51 

Shipping  Routes !!!!!!'  52 

Telegraphs,.    ." .' ]  53 

Panama  (prov.),  Panama 43 

Panama  (city),  Panama 48 

Panama  Canal  Zone 4g 

Panang  Island,  Straits  Settlements! '. '. '. '. '. . '. '.  509 

Panay  Island,  Philippine  Islands 645 

Panjin,  India,  Portuguese 468 

Paphos,  Cyprus 239 

Papua,  Ter.  of.  New  Guinea: 

Agriculture 637 

Area  and  Population '.'.'..'.  637 

Cocoanuts 637 

Copper 637 

Exports 637 

Foiest  Resources '. . . . .  637 

Gold .'.;■;  637 

Imports 637 

Minerals ..."  637 

Rubber !.*.'!  637 

Sisal .........'  637 

Pari  (state),  Brazil 1^ 

Paraguari,  Paraguay •  •  •  • .  ^^ 

Paraguay     .,  .  .183-190 

Advertising  Media 190 

Area  and  Population Ig4 

Automobiles ..!.....  691 

Banks .'!.*!.'.*.'!.'  189 

Cable  Rates \\\  jgQ 

Cities,  Population '.'.'.'.'.  184 

Climate * .' '  153 

Commerce .'.!.".'."  184-186 

Consular  Regulations 190 

Consular  Representatives 190 

Customs  Tariff 139 

Exports '.'.'.'.'.'.  .184-186 

Fruit igg 

Imports ...!!.!!!  184-186 

Industrial  Establishments 188 

Land  Distribution 186 

Livestock. '.'.'.'.'.'.v.  !l86-187 

Manufacturing 188 

Money.        isg 

Money  Orders 190 

Parcel  Post iQQ 

Petit  Grain  Oil !!!!!.'.'  .i  !l86, 188 

Postal  Rates 190 

Production  and  Industry 186-189 

Quebracho 188 

Railways 183, 189 

Shipping  Routes 190 

Sugar 187 

Telegraphs 139 

Tobacco  Crop I88 

Verba  Mat6 \  186,  187 

Parahyba  (state),  Brasil 128 


II 


\ 


( 


746 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


INDEX 


747 


1^ 


ji 


Page 

Parahyba  (city),  Brazil 128 

Parank,  Argentina 109 

Parana  (state),  Brazil 128 

Parcel  Post: 

AbvBsinia 520 

Afghdnistdn 424 

Algeria 579 

Angola 597 

Argentina 120 

Australia 615 

Austria 226 

Azores 228 

Bahama  Islands 60 

BaltichistAn 426 

Barbados 61 

Belgian  Congo 523 

Belgium 234 

Bolivia 126 

Brazil 139 

Bulgaria 239 

Cape  Verde  Islands 598 

Ceylon 451 

Chile 151 

China 444 

Colombia 159 

Costa  Rica 30 

Cuba 67 

Curasao 73 

Czecho-Slovakia 246 

Denmark 254 

Dominican  Republic 77 

Dutch  East  Indies 635 

Ecuador 167 

Egypt 565 

Federated  Malay  States 495 

Fiji  Islands 617 

Finland 261 

France 273 

French  Indo  China 455 

French  West  Africa 569 

Germany 288 

Greece 297 

Guam  Island 616 

Guatemala 37 

Guiana,  British 179 

Guiana,  Dutch 181 

Guiana,  French 182 

Haiti 82 

Hawaii 643 

Honduras 40 

Hungary 303 

India.  British 467 

India,  French 467 

India,  Portuguese 468 

Italy. 313 

Jamaica 87 

Japan 492 

Jugo-Slavia 319 

Leeward  Islands 90 

Madagascar 584 

Mexico 21 

Morocco 596 

Netherlands 326 

New  Caledonia 637 

New  Guinea 638 

New  Hebrides  Islands 617 

New  Zealand 626 

Nicaragua 47 

Norway 331 

Panama 52 

Paraguay 190 

Persia 501 

Peru 200 

Philippine  Islands 654 

Poland 336 

Porto  Rico 100 

Portugal 344 

Portuguese  Guinea 599 

Rumania 351 

Russia 363 

S.  Thom6  and  Principe 599 


Pace 

Parcel  Poet  (cent.) : 

Salvador 58 

Samoaa  Islands 639 

Siam 508 

Spain 383 

Straits  Settlements 513 

Sweden 389 

Switzerland 394 

Tonga  Islands 627 

Trinidad 103 

Tunis 590 

Turkey 399 

Union  of  South  Africa 547 

United  Kingdom 422 

United  States  Service  with  foreign  count- 
ries   709 

Uruguay 207 

Venezuela 216 

Windward  Islands 106 

Paris.  France 263 

Parma  (prov.),  Italy 306 

Parma  (city),  Italy 307 

Parramatta,  Australia 602 

Pas-de-Calais  (dept),  France 263 

Patani  (dept.).  Siam 502 

Patna,  India,  British 459 

Patras,  Greece 291 

Pavia  (prov.),  Italy 305 

Pavia  (city),  Italy 307 

Pavlograd,  Russia 355 

Paysandu  (dept.),  Uruguay 202 

Paysandu  (city),  Uruguay 202 

Finland 258 

France 269 

Ireland 416,  417 

Japan 478 

Spain 380, 381 

Sweden 386 

Taiwan 489, 490 

Tunis 589 

United  Kingdom 414,  415,  416, 417 

Peebles  (co),  Scotland 402 

Pekin,  China 429 

Pemba  Island,  Zanzibar  Protectorate 553 

Pembroke  (co.),  Wales 401 

Penonomd,  Panama 48 

Penza  (prov.),  Russia 354 

Penza  (city),  Russia 355 

Pepper,  French  Indo  China 454 

Perak  (state).  Federated  Malay  States 493 

Perpamino,  Argentina 109 

Perira,  Arabia 423 

Periis  (state),  Malay  States,  Unfederated: 

Agriculture 495 

Area  and  Population 495 

Guano 495 

Livestock 495 

Rice 495 

Roads 495 

Rubber 495 

Tin 4»o 

Perm  (prov.),  Russia 354 

Perm  (city),  Russia 355 

Pernambuco  (state),  Brazil 128 

Persia: 

Agriculture 499 

Area  and  Population 498 

Banks 500 

Cable  Rates 501 

Carpets  and  Rugs 498 

Cities,  Population 498 

Commerce 498-499 

Consular  Regulations 501 

Consular  Representatives 501 

Customs  Tarifif 501 

Exports 498-499 

Imports 498-499 

Language 501 

Mail  Time 501 

Minerals 499-500 


Page 
Persia  (cont.) : 

Money  Orders 501 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures 500-501 

Opium 499 

Parcel  Poet 5  1 

Petroleum 499-500 

Petroleum  products 600 

Ports       498 

Post  Offices 600 

Postal  Rates 501 

Production  and  Industry 499-500 

Railways 500 

Shipping  Routes 601 

Telegraphs 500 

Transportation 500 

Wool 499 

Perth  (CO.),  Scotland 402 

Pem  • 191-200 

Advertising  Media 200 

Agriculture IQI,  196, 197 

Alcohol 197 

Antimony 196, 198 

Area  and  Population 192 

Automobiles 691 

Borax 196, 198 

Cable  Rates 200 

Cities,  Population 193 

Climate 191 

Coal ;;         198 

Cocoa 197 

Commerce 193-196 

Commimications 191 

Consular  Regulations 199-200 

Consular  Representatives 199 

Copper 196,  198 

Cotton 197 

Customs  Tariff 199 

Departments 193 

Erpprts 193, 195, 196 

Gold 196, 198 

Guano 197 

Imports 193-194 

Lead 196, 198 

Livestock 191, 197 

Manufactures 198 

Mercury 198 

Mineral  Waters 198 

Minerals 191, 196, 198 

Molybdenum 198 

Money  Orders ',[. .         200 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures 198, 199 

Parcel  Post 2OO 

Petroleum 193 

Post  Offices "  , .         199 

Postal  Rates 2OO 

Production  and  Industry 191-198 

Railways 199 

R»ce 197 

Rubber 191, 197 

Salt. 196, 198 

Shipping  Routes 200 

Silver 196, 198 

Sugar 196, 197 

Telegraphs 199 

Textile  Industr>' 197 

Tungsten igg 

Vanadium 196, 198 

Wheat 197 

_      Z»nc 196, 198 

Perugia  (prov.),  Italy 306 

Perugia  (city),  Italy 307 

Pesaro  e  Urbino  (prov,),  Italy. . .  3O6 

Peshawar.  India.  British 459 

Petchabun  (dept).  Siam 502 

Peterborough^  Canada 1 

Petnkovka  Russia 355 

Fetrograd  (prov.),  Russia 354 

Petrograd  (city),  Russia 355 

Petroleum: 

Angola 597 

Argentina 117 


Page 

Petroleum  (cont.) 

Bolivia i25 

Canada .!.!.!!!  6 

Colombia ][[,  157 

Curayao !...!.  70 

Dutch  East  Indies !.!!!.  633 

Germany 277, 285 

India,  British 465 

Japan 48O 

Mexico 17, 18 

Persia 499,  500 

Peru. 196. 198 

Poland 335 

Rumania 350 

Russia 361 

Trinidad 103 

Turkey 393 

Venezuela 215 

World's  Production 697 

Petrozavadsk,  Russia ; . . .  355 

Pforzheim.  Germany 278 

Philippine  Islands: 

Advertising  Media 653 

Agriculture 651 

Area  and  Population 645 

Automobiles 691 

Cable  Rates 654 

Cacoa 651 

Cities,  Population 645 

Climate 644 

Cocoanuts 651 

Coffee 651 

Commerce 645-650 

Copra 651 

Corn 651 

Crops 651 

Exports 645-650 

Forest  Resources 651 

Gold 651 

Hemp 651 

Imports 645-649 

Industrial  Establishments 652-653 

Islands 645 

Language 653 

Livestock 651 

Maguey 651 

Mail  Time 654 

Lumber 651 

Manufactures 651-653 

Minerals 651 

Money  Orders 654 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures 653 

Parcel  Post 654 

Post  Offices 653 

Postal  Rates 654 

Production  and  Industry 651-653 

Railways 653 

Rjce 651 

Shipping  Routes 654 

Sugar 651,  652 

Telegraphs 653 

Tobacco 651 

,  Wireless  Stations 653 

Philippopolis.  Bulgaria 236 

Phocis,  Greece 291 

Phoenix  Islands,  British  Pacific  Islands 627 

Phosphate,  Tunis 589 

Phosphorus,  Taiwan 490 

Phthiotis  (dept.),  Greece 291 

Piacenza  (prov.),  Italy 306 

Piacenza  (city),  Italy 307 

Piauhy  (state),  Brazil 128 

Pichincha  (prov.),  Ecuador 161 

Pico  Island,  Azores 226 

Piedmont  (dept.),  Italy 305 

Pietermaritzburg,  Union  of  South  Africa ....  529 

Pilsen,  Czecho-Slovakia 240 

Pinar  del  Rio  (prov.),  Cuba 63 

Pinar  del  Rio  (city),  Cuba 63 

Pineapples.  Hawaii 642 

Pingyang,  Chosen 486 


I 


. 


748 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN   MARKETS 


INDEX 


>  ^ 


I 


Page 

Pinsk.  Russia 865 

Piraeus,  Greece 291 

Piaa  (prov.).  Italy 306 

Pisa  (city),  Italy 307 

Pisanulok  (dept.),  Siam 502 

Pitcairn  Island,  British  Pacific  IsIandB 627 

Pitzewo,  KwantuDg 490 

Piura  (dept),  Peru 192 

Piura  (city),  Peru 192 

Platinum: 

Australia 608 

Brazil 136 

Colombia 157 

India,  British 466 

Madagascar 683 

Russia 361 

Spain 379 

Plauen,  Germany 278 

Plenician,  Algeria 678 

Pleven  (dist),  Bulgaria 236 

Plevna,  Bulgaria 236 

Ploesti,  Rumania 347 

Plovdiv  (Philippopolis)  (dist.),  Bulgaria 236 

Plumbago,  Ceylon 460 

Plymouth,  Tobago 101 

Podgoritza,  Jugo-Slavia 315 

Podolia  (prov.),  Russia 364 

Podor,  Senegal 673 

Pointe-A-Pitre,  Guadeloupe 78 

Poland: 

Agriculture 334-335 

Area  and  Population 333 

Cable  Rates 336 

Cities,  Population 333 

Coal 336 

Commerce 333 

Consular  Regulations 336 

Customs  Tariff 336 

Exports 333 

Imports 333 

Industrial  EstabUshmenta 335 

Iron 335 

Language 335 

Lead 335 

Livestock 335 

Mail  Time 336 

Manufactures 335 

Metallurgical  Industry 335 

Minerals 335 

Money  Orders 336 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures 336 

Parcel  Post 336 

Petroleum 335 

Petroleum  Products 335 

Post  Offices 335 

Postal  Rates 336 

Potassium  Salts 335 

Production  and  Industry 334 

Railways 332,  335 

Salt 335 

S^hipping  Routes 336 

Sugar 334 

Telegraphs 335 

Telephones 335 

Textile  Industry 335 

Zinc 335 

Polonnoye,  Russia 356 

Polotsk,  Russia 355 

Poltava  (prov.),  Russia 354 

Poltava  (city),  Russia 355, 367 

Pondichery  (col),  India,  French 467 

Pondichery  (city),  India,  French 467 

Pontevedra  (prov.),  Spain 370 

Poona,  India,  British 459 

Port  Alexander,  Angola 597 

Port  Antonio,  Jamaica 83 

Port  Arthur,  Canada 1 

Port  Arthur,  Kwantung ; 490 

Port  Arthur,  Liaotung. 469 

Port  Blair,  Andaman  Islanda 424 


Pac« 

Port  Elisabeth.  Union  of  South  Africa 620 

Port  Harcourt,  Nigeria 668 

Port  Herald.  Nyasaland  Protectorate 626 

Port  Louis,  Mauritius 550 

Port  Maria,  Jamaica 83 

Port  Moresby  (Papua),  New  Guinea 637 

Port  of  Spain,  Trinidad 100 

Port  Said,  Egypt 661 

Port  Sudan,  Anglo-Egyptian  Sudan 565 

Portalegre  (dist.),  Portugal 338 

Porto  (dist.),  Portugal 338 

Porto  Alegre,  Brazil 128 

Porto  Maurizio  (prov.),  Italy 305 

Porto  Novo,  Dahomey 569 

Porto  R«,  Jiigo-Slavia 314 

Porto  Rico 93-100 

Advertising  M«dia 100 

Agriculture »6, 98-99 

Automobiles 691 

Cable  Rates 100 

Charcoal V7 

Cities,  Population 98-99 

Climate 93 

Coffee 95, 98.  99 

Commerce 93-97 

Commimications 97 

Cotton 96 

Exports 93-97 

Fruit 96, 98-99 

Imports 93-95 

Industrial  Establiahmenta 97 

Manufactures 97 

Minerals 97 

Money  Orders 100 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures 100 

Motor  Transportation 100 

Parcel  Post 100 

Postal  Rates 100 

Production  and  Industry 96-99 

Railways 97 

Shipping  Routes 100 

Sugar 98, 99 

Telegraphs 97,  100 

Telephones 97 

Tobacco 97, 98. 99 

Wireless  Stations 100 

Porto  8<^o,  Togo 560 

Porto  Viejo,  Ecuador 161 

Portudal,  Senegal 678 

Portugal: 

Advertising  Media 343 

Agriculture 341-342 

Area  and  Population 338 

Automobiles 691 

Barley 341 

Beans 341 

Cable  Rates 344 

Climate 337 

Coal 343 

Commerce 33^-341 

Consular  Regulations 344 

Consular  Representatives 344 

Cork 341 

Crops 341 

Customs  Tariff 344 

Districts 338 

Exports 339-341 

Fisneriea 343 

Forest  Resouroes 343 

Imports 339-340 

Iron 343 

Language 343 

Lead 343 

Livestock 342 

Mail  Time 344 

Minerals 343 

Money  Orders 344 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures 344 

Oats 341 

OUve  Oa 341 

Parcel  Post 344 


749 


Portugal  (cont.): 

Post  Offices 343 

Postal  Rates 344 

Potatoes ......'.  341 

Production  and  Industry. . ..[......  J.  .341-343 

Provinces 333 

«*"'^fty8 337,  343 

Rye 341 

Shipping  Routes 344 

Telegraphs 343 

S^   • 343 

Wheat 341 

Wine !.!!!!!!.'!  341 

Wolfram .......'.'.'  343 

Portuguesa  (state),  Veneiuela ..  y. ...... .[.  209 

Portupiese  Guinea: 

(Jable  Rates 599 

Commerce ].'.!!]  598 

Consular  Regulations 599 

Customs  Tariff 599 

Exports 698 

l™Pp5? 698 

Mail  Time 599 

Monev  Orders 599 

Parcel  Post ;;;;,';  599 

Population 59g 

Postal  Rates 699 

Products ..'...'.'.  698 

Shipping  Routes ..........'  699 

Portuguese  India,  see  India,  Portuguese. 

Portuguese  West  Africa,  see  Angola. 

Poeen  (city),  Poland 333 

Postal  Rates: 

Abyssinia jjq 

Afgh&nistdn 424 

^iKcria '.'.'.'.'.'.'.  679 

Angola 597 

Argentina 126 

Australia ' " ' '  ^15 

Austria 226 

Asores 228 

Bahama  Islands qq 

Bal(ichist&n !!!.!!!  426 

Barbados g  j 

Belgian  Congo 523 

g«!»V°» 234 

go^Xja 126 

Brasil 141 

Bulgaria 239 

Cape  Verde  Islands 593 

^Y}o^ 451 

C^J« 151 

China 444 

Colombia ..'.'.*  158 

Costa  Rica 30 

Cura9ao !!!!!!!!!!  73 

Csecho-Slovakia ...'.'.'...'.'.  246 

Denniark !!.*!!.!!  254 

Dominican  Republic '....'.'.  77 

Dutch  East  Indies 635 

Ecuador .'.'..'.'...  167 

Egypt 5g4 

Federated  Malay  States 495 

Fiji  Islands '/' '  517 

Finland !!!!!!!!!!.  361 

France 273 

French  Indo  China 455 

French  West  Africa 559 

Ge'"™a°y '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.  288 

(jrreece 297 

Guam  Island .....'.'.'... 616 

Guatemala i !!...!!! 37 

Guiana,  British 179 

Guiana,  Dutch 181 

Guiana,  French ia«> 

5»»ti.. 82 

5»^?" 643 

Honduras ^ 

Hungary * '  * " '  3^3 

India,  British [  4^7 


Page 
Postal  Rates  (cont.) : 

India,  French 457 

India,  Portugese 468 

J^'^y. 313 

Jamaica gj 

^*P*°oV    •■ i  .".*.".*.".".*  ."!.■.'.■.' .'  492 

Jugo-Slavia 319 

Leeward  Islands !!!!!!!.!!!  90 

Madagascar 584 

Mexico !..!!....!!  21 

Morocco 596 

Netherlands 326 

New  Caledonia 637 

New  Guinea !!!.!!  638 

New  Hebrides  Islands 617 

New  Zealand 626 

Nicaragua 47 

Norway ..'.'.'.'.'.  331 

Panama 52 

Paraguay .'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.  190 

Persia 501 

Peru 200 

Philippine  Islands 654 

Poland    '.'.'.'.'.'.'.  336 

Porto  Rico 100 

Portugal .!.'!!!.'  344 

Portuguese  Guinea 599 

Rumania 351 

Russia 363 

S.  Thom6  and  Principe 599 

Salvador 53 

Samoan  Islands 639 

g>a»n '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.  508 

Spam 383 

Straits  Settlements 513 

Sweden 339 

Switzerland ....'.  394 

Tonga  Islands ....'.  627 

Trinidad !.!!.!  103 

Tunis ]!!.!!!  590 

Turkey ...[..['.'.'.  399 

Union  of  South  Africa 547 

United  Kingdom 422 

Uruguay .........[  207 

Venezuela 216 

Windward  Islands 106 

Potash,  Germany !!!!!.".  277 

Potatoes: 

Australia 604, 605 

Austria 223 

Belgium !!!..."!  231 

Bermuda !!.'!!!!  23 

Czecho-Slovakia .242,  243 

Finland 258,  259 

France 269 

Germany 283 

Hawaii 642 

Hungary ■■.'.*.'  302 

Ireland 416, 417 

Italy 309 

Japan 478 

Jugo-Slavia 317 

Netherlands 325 

Norway ' .  ]  329 

Portugal 341 

Russia 360 

Sweden 387 

Switzerland 393 

Tunis 589 

United  Kingdom 415,  416,  417 

World's  Production 694 

Potenza  (prov.),  Italy 306 

Potosi  (dept.),  Bolivia 122 

Potosi  (city),  Bolivia 122 

Potsdam,  Germany 278 

Pout  (ter.),  Senegal 673 

Pozsony,  Hungary 299 

Prachinburi  (dept.),  Siam 502 

Prague,  Czecho-Slovakia 240 

Prahova  (dept.),  Rumania 346 


ll 

ii 


i 


HI 


\ 


750 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


INDEX 


751 


• 


'  I 


Page 

Precious  Stones: 

Australia oUo 

Cevlon 4fi0 

Colombia 1^7 

India,  British 465 

Madagascar 583 

Prerau,  Csecho-Slovakia 240 

Pretoria,  Union  of  South  Africa 529 

Priluki,  Russia 355 

Prince  Edward  Island  (prov.),  Dom.  of  Can .  1,4 

Princes  Town,  Trinidad 100 

Principe  Island,  S.  Thom6  and  Principe 599 

Prinsapolca  (dist.)<  Nicaragua 41 

Prishib,  Russia 355 

Prisren,  Jugo-Slavia 315 

Proskurov,  Russia 355 

ProBsnits,  C»echo-Slovakia 240 

Province  Wellesley,  Straits  Settlements 609 

Prsemysl,  Poland 333 

Pskov  (prov.),  Russia 354 

Pskov  (city),  Russia 365 

Puebla  (state),  Mexico 14 

Puebla  (city),  Mexico 14 

Puerto  Barrios,  Guatemala 31 

Puerto  Cabello,  Venesuela 209 

Puerto  Cortes,  Honduras 38 

Puerto  Estrella,  Ck)lombi» 163 

Puerto  Montt,  Chile 143 

Puerto  Plata  (prov.),  Dominican  Republic. . .  73 

Puket  (dept.),  Siam 602 

Pulantien,  Kwantung 490 

Pulo  Cambing  Island,  Malay  Archipelago . . .  635 

Punjab  (states),  India,  British 458 

Pimjab  (prov.),  India,  British 458 

Puno  (dept.),  Peru 192 

Puno  (city),  Peru 193 

Punta  Arenas,  Chile 143 

Puntarenas  (prov.),  Costa  Rica 26 

Pimtarenas  (city),  Costa  Rica 26 

Punta  (dept.),  Rumania 346 

Putumayo  (com.),  Colombia 163 

Puy-de-Ddme  (dept.)i  France 263 

Pyatigorsk,  Russia 355 

Pyr«n6e8-Orientale8  (dept.),  France 263 

Prygos,  Greece 291 

Pjrrites,  Hungary 302 

0 

Qena,  Egypt 661 

Quarrying: 

Greece *«''> 

Italy 310 

United  Kingdom 417 

Quebec,  (prov).  Dominion  of  Canada 1,4 

Qiiebec  (city),  Canada 1 

Quebracho: 

Argentina •••  oX 

Paraguay • loo 

Queen's  (co.) ,  Ireland 402 

Queensland  (state) ,  Australia 601 

Quer6taro  (state),  Mexico 14 

Quer^taro  (city),  Mexico 14 

Queialtenango  (dept.),  Guatemala 31 

Queialtenango  (city),  Guatemala 31 

QuUmes,  Argentina 109 

Quito,  Ecuador 161 

Quittah,  Gold  Coast  Colony 566 


Rabat,  Morocco 692 

Rabaul  (Bismarck  Archipelago) ,  New  Guinea.        637 

Radium,  Australia 608 

Radnor  (co  ),  Wales 401 

Ragusa,  Jugo-SIavia 314 

Raflways: 

Abyssinia 5*_ 

Albania „,  217 

Algeria 677,  679 

Anglo-Egyptian  Sudan 666 


Pace 

Railways  (cont.): 

Angola a 

Argentina 11° 

Australia 601,614 

Austria ••.....  •*<> 

Baldchistto 425 

Basutoland 624 

Bechuanaland  Protectorate 525 

Belgian  Congo 622 

Borneo 426 

Brazil a 

British  East  African  Protectorate 648 

British  Honduras 24 

Bulgaria 238 

Canada ■ ^ 

Ceylon 450 

ChUe 1*9 

China i«q 

Colombia 163, 168 

Costa  Rica ^JJ 

Cuba • oo"T 

Cyprus •• 237 

Ciecho-Slovakia 246 

Dahomey 669 

Dominican  Republic 77 

Dutch  East  Indies 636 

East  Africa ,««  ^S 

Ecuador 1^'  If* 

Eaypt J64 

Entrea 5S9 

Federated  Malay  SUtes 494 

Finland 261 

France 272 

French  Guinea 671 

French  Indo  China 464 

Germany 287 

Gold  Coast  Colony ^^^  557 

Greece 290,297 

Guatemala 36 

Guiana,  British 178 

Guiana,  Dutch 179 

jnftwmi ^^Bo 

Hedjai *W 

Honduras ^„  „45 

Hungary 298,303 

India,  British 466 

India,  French 4J7 

India,  Portuguese 4oo 

jtaly ..•.•..••.....•......*        o£A 

Ivory  Coast 672 

Jamaica 87 

Japan 490 

Jugo-Slavia 314, 319 

Kamerun M7 

Madagascar 688 

AAalta ,♦.•.•..............••..         w^^ 

Mauritius *W 

Buexioo •         »J5» 

A^orocoo ••         23S 

Netherlands M6 

New  Caledonia 525 

New  Zealand •» 

Newfoundland  and  Labrador 12 

Nicaragua ,46 

Nigeria M8 

Panama 61 

Paraguay 183, 189 

Persia JOO 

Peru IW 

Philippine  Islands M3 

Poland OJ*.  ooo 

Porto  RlOO nn^    an 

Portugal 337, 343 

Principal  Countries 687 

Protectorate  of  Southwest  Africa 669 

Rhodesia,  Northern 627 

Rhodesia,  Southern 627 

Rumania . . .  .345,  350 

Russia 363 

B.  Thomfi  and  Princ^M 6W 


Page 
Railwavs  (cont.): 

Salvador X7 

c              ,     Of 

oenegal 570 

i»*"    V 607 

Sierra  Leone 559 

iP**^/  «;/.••  •  • 382 

Straits  Settlements 512 

Switteriand 394 

Togo ecn 

rr»_~     ,.                           0\J\J 

Tripoh cQo 

Tunis eon 

Turkey ^Qg 

Uganda  Protectorate 553 

United  Kingdom 421 

Uruguay 205 

Venesuela 215 

Zanzibar  Protectorate ......  «l«u 

Kaisms,  Spain 377 

Raitea  Island,  I>eeward  Islands 636 

Rajaburi  (dept.),  Siam 502 

Ralputana  (agency),  India.  British*. '.  *. '. '. '.  \ '.  \  468 

Rahck  Islands,  Marshall  Islands.  .  617 

Rampur,  India,  British 4150 

gj^^!«"«jChue. :::::;::  jj§ 

Kanders,  Denmark 248 

Rangoon,  India,  British ".\ 459 

Rapa  Island.  French  Pacific  Islands.  .* 636 

Ratack  Islands,  Marshall  Islands ...  617 

Ravenna  (prov.),  Italy '"  305 

Ravenna  (citv).  Italy ! . , 307 

Rawalpindi,  India.  British 459 

Recife  (Pernambuco).  Braxil 128 

Recklingshausen,  Germany ' 278 

Regensburg  (Ratisbon),  Germany. '.  278 

Reggio  Calabria  (city),  Italy 307 

Reggio  di  Calabria  (prov.),  Italy. .                  '  3O6 

Reggio  Emilia  (prov.),  Italy 306 

Reggio  Emilia  (city),  Italy '.'.;:;;:::  307 

Ke^ima,  Canada j 

Reims.  France. . .                        «>«•» 

■D„        ,     •    %n Mas 

itemscnmied,  Germany 278 

Rendova  Island.  Solomon  Islands .  .  638 

Renfrew  (CO.),  Scotland *"  4^ 

Rennell  Island.  Solomon  Islands 638 

Resistencia,  Argentina. . .  ino 

Retalhuleu  (dept.),  Guatemala. '.'.'..'.  31 

Retalhuleu  (city),  Guatemala. ...            31 

Rethymnoe  (dept.),  Greece .'. 291 

Retymo.  Greece St 

Reunion:  

Agriculture jjgjj^ 

Area  and  Population ksla 

Cables ggjj 

Cities,  Population 504 

Commerce kqk 

Jl.XportS KOr 

Forest  Resources 586 

te*"^ 585 

S^  • 585 

Keval,  Russia oec 

Rhenock,  Sikkim '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 5S 

Rhodesia.  Area  and  Population ...  526 

Rhodesia,  Northern:  

Agriculture g27 

Commerce '...'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.  527 

liixports 527 

Forest  Resources C07 

Imports C27 

Minerals C97 

Post  Offices %iy 

Railways co? 

Telegraphs C97 

Rhodesia,  Southern:      "^ 

Agriculture 257 

Asbestos ctyj 

/~,.                o£i 

L/iirome  ore 527 

SwL- ■'.'•'•'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.  527 

KAiks 527 

Conjmeroe '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'..'.  526,  527 

*^"» 527 


Page 
Rhodesia,  Southern  (cont.); 

E^*"^ 526. 527 

Y°^^- 527 

Imports 526,  527 

tjyefitofk 527 

Minerals 527 

Post  Offices 527 

Production  and  Industry.'. ". '.'..'. '. '. '.  \  \  \  \  527 

Railways R27 

c,.,             "'                O^t 

Silver C27 

rril               •         OAI 

Telegraphs ko? 

frill                            0^9 

1  elephones kv? 

1  obacco 527 

Rh6ne  (dept.),  France 263 

Riau  Lingga  Archipelago,  Dutch  East  Indies  628 
Rice: 

Australia 603,  604 

^™*" 133, 135 

Ceylon 450 

China 441 

Unosen 457 

Dutch  East  Indies 632 

Fiji  Islands..       616 

French  Indo  China 454 

Guiana,  British 176 

P!i^"'ti  ••:•  L .■.*.*.':.*.■.*.■.::  642 

India.  British 463 

Italy 309 

Japan 477 

Kelantan  (state),  Malay  States '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.  496 

Perils  (state),  Malay  States 495 

Peru 197 

Philippine  Islands ..'....'..'.  651 

Siam 506 

Spain '. .!'.".;;  380, 381 

1  aiwan 400  aqa 

Richard  Toll,  Senegal ;.::::::.  573 

Riga.  Russia    . 355,365 

Kininicu  Sarat  (dept.),  Rumania 346 

Riobamba,  Ecuador 16I 

Rio  Branco,  Brazil 128 

Rio  Cuarto.  Argentina \\'  i09 

Rio  Muni  (dist).  Spanish  Africa. .. .........  596 

Rio  de  Janeiro  (state),  Brazil .*.".*  128 

Rio  de  Janeiro  (city),  Brazil *  ]  128 

Rio  del  Rey ,  Kamerun ! ! . !    *  557 

Rio  Grande  (dept.),  Nicaragua ...'.'    ." .' '.  [  [  [  [  41 

Rio  Orande  (city),  Nicaragua 41 

Rio  Grande  (dist.),  Nicaragua 41 

Rio  Grande  do  Norte  (state),  Brazil. .  128 

Rio  Grande  do  Sul  (state),  BrazU 128 

Rio  Negro  (ter.),  Argentina iQg 

Rio  Negro  (dept.),  Uruguay 202 

Rivas  (dept.),  Nicaragua 41 

Rivas  (city),  Nicaragua 41 

R?vera  (dept.),  Uruguay ." .'  202 

Riyadh,  Turkey 395 

Roads: 

Albania 217 

^'sena '..'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.['.[[  579 

Austria 225 

Balfichist&n 425 

Basutoland !.'.!!!  525 

Belgian  Congo 522 

China aao 

Cyprus 239 

Csecho-Slovakia 1 .... .'..'.'.  245 

Dahomey 570 

French  Guinea " . '  571 

Greece .'.*.".'.■.*.'  297 

Hunga^r..      303 

India,  British 466 

Johore  (state),  M*ilay  States 495 

Kedah  (state),  Malay  States 495 

Liberia 591 

Madagascar 533 

Morocco 595 

Netherlands '  '  |  326 

Nijreria ' 553 

Perlis  (state),  Malay  States ... . . ". ". '. '. '. '. '.  459 


762 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


INDEX 


753 


Page 

Roads  (cont.):  «ka 

Rumania ^ 

Txinifl %%% 

Uganda  Protectorate g^c 

Veneauela 215 

Zanxibar  Protectorat* oM 

Rocha  (dept.).  Uruguay ^* 

Rockhampton,  Australia oo^ 

Roco  (ter.),  Senegal old 

Roi  Et  (dept .) .  Siam 502 

Roma  (prov.),  Italy. . . ; ^ 

Roman  (dept.)i  Rumania **2 

Romanatsi  (dept.),  Rumania 3*6 

Romanovskii,  Russia ^^ 

Rome  (Roma),  Italy ^07 

Rommy,  Russia ^£ 

Rongo,  Sikkim 5^ 

Ronongo  Island,  Solomon  Islands o^ 

Rosario,  Argentina ^^ 

Roscommon  (co.),  Ireland 40* 

Ross  and  Cromarty  (co.),  Scotland wZ 

Rostock,  Germany *^° 

Rostov-on-Don,  Russia ^ 

Rotterdam,  Netherlands 2t« 

Rotuma  Island,  Fiji  Islands 616 

Roubaix.  France *^ 

Rouen,  France ,;•,•••• oS^ 

Rousse  (Rustchuk)  (dist.).  Bulgaria Zdb 

Rovigo  (prov.),  Italy 305 

Rovno,  Russia ^ 

Roxburg  (CO.),  Scotland 402 

Rubber: 

Belgian  Congo «** 

Bolivia *** 

Borneo ^oA   ^^ 

Braril ^^'  J?X 

Ceylon i^ 

Dutch  East  Indies 63^ 

Federated  Malay  States 495 

Fiji  Islands 616 

French  Indo  China 454 

Guiana,  British 176 

Hawaii 64-5 

Kamerun °Xa 

Kelantan  (state),  Malay  States 496 

Liberia 59 1 

Papua         • 6«J« 

Perlis  (state),  Malay  States 495 

Peru J»7 

Siam 506 

Solomon  Islands 6^ 

Straits  Settlements 51^ 

Uganda  Protectorate 55d 

World's  Production 697 

Rufisque,  Senegal 573 

Rum:  _, 

Barbados 61 

Guiana,  British 1*6 

Jamaica ^ 

Martinique ** 

New  Caledonia 630 

Reunion 5oo 

Rumania:  a4a_!«n 

Agriculture ^     aS 

Area  and  Population «|6 

Automobiles ®** 

Barley foj 

Cable  Rates 351 

Cities,  Population 347 

Coal. ....    350 

Commerce ^^~^? 

Consular  Regulations 361 

Consular  Representatives 361 

Crops ....   ..,. 1*0 

Customs  Tanff ^7  Ui 

Exports 347^349 

Imports '**'   ^3^ 

Language |?r 

Mail  Time r?z 

Maise J9J: 

Minerals "*'^ 


Pace 

Rumania  (oont.): 

Money  Orders 361 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures 350 

Oi^^g 350 

Parcei  Post". ... .'. 351 

Petroleum 350 

Post  Offices 360 

Postal  Rates 351 

Production  and  Industry 349-350 

Railways 345,  360 

Roads ••         *^<\ 

Ry© oe/i 

Salt • ••■  n^^ 

Shipping  Routes 351 

Silk 350 

Telegraphs ^cJ! 

Telephones 360 

Temtorial  Changes 346 

Wheat 350 

Russell  Island,  Solomon  Islands 638 

Russia:  ^^ 

Agriculture «W 

Alcohol „,^  fJJ 

Area  and  Population 354-386 

Automobiles 55a 

Barley 360 

Cable  Rates 363 

Cities,  Population 366 

Coal 361 

Commerce 356-359 

Consular  Regulations 363 

Copper ^ 

Cotton 380 

Crops 360 

Customs  Tariff vu.  ?S 

Exports ^^*^?JS 

Fisheries 3M 

Forest  Resources 22t 

Gold 361 

Imports ^^^olo 

Industrial  Establishmenta 3W 

Iron 361 

Lead 361 

Mail  Time 363 

Manufactures „„^  362 

Minerals ^^?S? 

Money  Orders 363 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures 363 

Naphtha 361 

Oats ^xa 

Parcel  Post 363 

Petroleum 361 

Platinum 361 

Postal  Rates 363 

Potatoes 360 

Production  and  Industry ci  qcc 

Provinces ^       oao 

Railways , 363 

Rye 360 

Salt...... 362 

Shippmg  Routes %^ 

SUver 361 

Steel 361 

Sugar 360 

Sugar  beets 360 

Telegraphs ^63 

Tobacco 360 

Waterways ^^^ 

Wheat 360 

Zinc oflo  ?S1 

Russian  States,    New 363-368 

Rutland  (coj.  England 401 

Rutsohuck,  Bulgaria. *^ 

Ryazan  (prov.),  Russia 3M 

Ryazan  (city),  Russia 356 

Rybinsk,  Russia 356 

Rye* 

AustraUa 603, 604 

Austria 223 

Belgium •  •  •   ^„  231 

Ciecho-Slovakia 242. 243 


Rye  (oontinued): 

Denmark 250 

Finland 258,  259 

Germany 283 

Hungary , , /[  302 

Ireland 415 

i^^o.-    •• 309 

Jugo-Slavia 317 

Netherlands ,[[[  325 

Norway ....".*,."  329 

Portugal 341 

Rumania '.'..'.'.'.'.'.  350 

R"8«a 360 

f  Pai? 380,  38 1 

Sweden. 386,  387 

Switzerland 392 

Union  of  South  Africa 540 

United  Kingdom 414.  415,  416, 417 

World  Production 693 

Ryfylke  (dist.),  Norway 327 

8 

Saarbnicken,  Germany 278 

Saba,  Curayao [  qq 

Sabijah,  Turkey 395 

Sacatepequez  (dept),  Guatemala  ...'.'.'.'.'..'.  31 

Safi,  Morocco 592 

Saga,  Japan 471 

Saharanpur,  India,  British 459 

St.  Andr6,  Reunion ']  534 

St.  Anna  Bay,  Jamaica '.'.'..'  83 

St.  Barthelemy  Island,  French  West  Indies  .  78 

St.  Beniot,  Reunion 534 

St.  Catharines.  Canada 1 

St.  <>oix  Island,  Virgin  Islands  of  the  United 

States 104 

St.  Denis,  Reunion !!..!..'.'  584 

St.  Etienne,  France .!.'....!  263 

St.  Eustatius,  Cura9ao 69 

St.  George,  Windward  Islands .'.'..'.  104 

St.  George  Island,  Asores 226 

St.  Helena  Island: 

Area  and  Population 559 

Commerce ;.*;;;  559 

Flax 559 

St.  John,  Canada * " '  j 

St.  John  Island,  Virgin  Islands  of  the  United 

States 104 

St.  Johns,  Newfoundland ..'.'...' .' . , .'  10 

St.  Kitts  Island.  West  Indies ..............  88  89 

St.  Louis,  Reunion "  534 

St.  Louis,  Senegal '.....'...'.'.  573 

St.  Lucia  Island,  Windward  Islands.  . . . . . . .  105 

St.  Martin,  Curapao '/  99 

St.  Mary  Island,  Azores 226 

St.  Michael's  Island,  Azores .'.  226 

St.  Nicholas,  Belgviim 230 

St.  Paul,  Reunion 584 

Saint  Paul  River,  Liberia 591 

St.  I*ierre,  Martinique 91 

St.  Pierre,  Reunion .'....'..*]  584 

St.  Pierre  and  Miquelon !..'.!'.'.'.".  12 

Area  and  Population ....!..!!!!!!!!!!  12 

Exports !.!!!!!!!  12 

Imports .*..".'.*!!.'.*!!  12 

Industry       ......!!!!...  12 

Commerce !!!!!!!!!!."!!!!  12 

St.  Thomas,  Canada l 

St.  Thomas  Islands,  Virgin  Islands  of  the 

United  States 104 

8.  Thomd  and  Principe: 

Cable  Rates 599 

Cacao .!!!!.!  699 

Commerce !!!!.!!  599 

Consular  Reflations !!!!!!!!!  699 

Customs  Tanff .'.'.*.'.'.*  599 

Mail  Time '..'.*....'.....!  599 

Money  Orders !!!!!!"  599 

Parcel  Post 599 

Population 599 


Page 
S.  Thom6  and  Principe  (cont.) : 

Postal  Rates 599 

Railways.  !.!!!!!!!!!!!  599 

hhipping  Routes 599 

S.  Thom6  Island 599 

St.  Vincent  Island,  Windward  Islands ......  105 

St.  Zagora  (dist),  Bulgaria 230 

Sakai,  Japan 471 

Sakal  (ter.),  Senegal .......'...'.'....  573 

Salama,  Guatemala 31 

Salamanca  (prov.),  Spain ...'..*.*!!.'.'."!!.*.'!!  370 

Salamanca  (city),  Spain 369 

|»}a6,  Senegal 573 

Sa  e,  Morocco   .        592 

Salerno  (prov.)    Italy 306 

Sdemo  (city),  Italy 307 

Saliany,  Russia 355 

Salonica  (dept.),  Greece '.'.'.'..'.'.'.  291 

Salonica  (city),  Greece 291 

Salop  (CO.),  England 401 

Salt: 

Australia 608 

Austria ......'  224 

Bolivia [  725 

Chile 145 

French  Equatorial  Africa. .. ...........  575 

Greece osm 

India,  Bntish ark 

India,  Portuguese 468 

Jugo-Slavia 317 

Peru  •  • 196, 198 

Poland 335 

Rumania 350 

Russia 362 

Spain.  379,380 

Switzerland 393 

Union  of  South  Africa 542 

United  Kingdom 417 

Salta  (prov.),  Argentina 108 

Sajta  (city),  Argentina 109 

Saltillo,  Mexico 14 

Salto  (dept.),  Uruguay .'.'.'.'.'......'.'.  202 

Salto  (city),  Uruguay 202 

Saltpetre,  India,  British 465 

Baltpond,  Gold  Coast  Colony 556 

Salvador 53-58 

Agriculture !!!.!!  57 

Area  and  Population 53 

Automobiles 691 

Cable  Rates 53 

Cities,  Population 53 

Climate 53 

Coffee 57 

Commerce !.!.!!!!.  53-57 

Consular  Regulations 58 

Consular  Representatives 68 

Customs  Tariff 53 

Exports ;  53-57 

Imports 53-66 

Manufactures !!!.!!  67 

Minerals [[[[  57 

Money  Orders ..!!!!!!!  58 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures. ...'..!!!  58 

Parcel  Post 68 

Post  Offices .!!!!!!!!!!  58 

Production  and  Indtistry !!!!!!!.!  57 

Postal  Rates ..',  SS 

RaUways !!!!!!  67 

Roads !...!!.!!  68 

Shipping  Routes !!!!!!!!!  68 

Telegraphs 53 

Telephones 5g 

Salsburg  (prov.),  Austria 219 

Salzburg  (city),  Austria 219 

Samana  (prov.),  Dominican  Republic 73 

Samar  Island,  Philippine  Islanos 645 

Samara  (prov.),  Russia 864 

Samara  (city),  Russia 355 

Samarcand  (prov.),  Russia 356 

Samarcand  (city),  Russia 355 

Samarai  (Papua),  New  Guinea 537 


764 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


INDEX 


755 


I 


I  ; 


Pag© 

Samarang  (Java).  Dutch  East  Indies 629 

Samoan  Islands,  Pacific  Islands: 

Area  and  Population 638 

Cable  Rates 639 

Exports 638 

Imports "^° 

Mail  Time g" 

Money  Orders 639 

Parcel  Post 639 

Postal  Rates 639 

Shipping  Routes 639 

Wireless  Station 638 

Samos  (dept.).  Greece 291 

Samshui,  China. • 429 

Sanatarem  (dist.),  Portugal •«» 

San  Carlos,  Peru 192 

SancheB,  Dominican  Republic 7d 

San  Cristobal,  Ecuador 161 

San  Cristobal.  Venezuela 209 

San  Cristoval  Island.  Solomon  Islands 638 

Sancti  Spiritus,  Cuba 63 

San  Felipe,  Chile 143 

San  Felipe  de  Puerto  Plata,  Dominican  Re- 
public   ^3 

San  Fernando,  Chile. 1« 

San  Fernando,  Trinidad lUW 

San  Fernando  de  Monte  Cristi,  Dominican 

Republic v^ •  •  ••• : i,' ' 

San  Francisco  de  Macons,  Domimcan  Re- 
public    \^ 

San  Francisco  Gotera,  Salvador od 

San  Jo86  (prov.),  Costa  Rica 26 

San  Jos6  (city).  Costa  Rica 26 

San  Jo86  (dept.).  Uruguay 20J 

San  Juan  (prov.).  Argentina IWo 

San  Juan  (city).  Porto  Rico »3 

San  Juan  del  Norte  (dist.),  Nicaragua 41 

San  Juan  del  Sur.  Nicaragua 41 

Sankt  (Saint),  Polten,  Austria 219 

San  Luis  (prov),  Argentina 108 

San  Luis  Potosi  (state),  Mexico 14 

San  Luis  Potosi  (city),  Mexico 14 

San  Marcos  (dept.),  Guatemala 31 

San  Marcos  (city),  Guatemala 31 

San  Marino,  Area  and  Population 313 

San  Miguel,  Salvador 63 

San  Pedro,  Paraguay 184 

San     Pedro     Macoris     (prov.),     Dommican 

Republic v^  •  •  •.  • ; «•  *  ^ 

San  Pedro  Macoris  (city),  Domimcan  Re- 
public    42 

San  Pedro  Sula.  Honduras » 

San  Salvador.  Salvador .    .  ■•■■••,••.•. fx 

San  Salvador  Island,  British  West  Ipdies ...  59 

San  Sebastian,  Spain 369 

Sansing.  China 4^ 

Santa  Ana,  Salvador i^  •  • :  • ; W 

Santa   Barba  de  Samana,   Domimcan  Re- 
public  • ,J3 

Santa  Catharina  (state).  Brawl 1^ 

Santa  Clara  (prov.).  Cuba 63 

Santa  Clara  (city).  Cuba ^ 

Santa  Crui  (ter.),  Argentina JW 

Santa  Cru»  (dept.),  Bolivia i» 

Santa  Crua  (city).  Bolivia 122 

Santa  Cru«,  Guatemala «! 

Santa  Crua  (Canaries),  Spain. 3W 

Santa  Crua  Islands,  Solomon  Islands.  .  ... , .  «»8 

Santa  Crua  del  Seybo,  Dominican  Republic  .  73 

Santa  F6  (prov.),  Argentina 108 

Santa  F6  (city),  Argentina JW 

Santa  Isabel,  Fernando  Po  Island ow 

Santander  (prov.).  Spain 370 

Santander  (city),  Spain.  ••••••. ^ 

Santander  Norte  (dept.),  Colombia IM 

Santander  Sur  (deptO.  Colombia 1» 

Santa  Rosa  (dept.),  Guatemala a* 

Santa  Rosa,  Honduras ^ 

Santiago  (prov.),  Chile **• 

Santiago  (city),  Chile .......  ^ *« 

Santiago  (prov.),  Domimcan  Republic to 


Pace 

Santiago,  Panama 48 

Santiago  de  Cuba 63 

Santiago  del  Estero  (prov.),  Argentina 108 

Santiago  del  Estero  (city),  Argentina 109 

Santia^  de  los  Caballeros.  Dominican  Re- 

pubkc 78 

Santo  Domingo  (prov.),  Dominican  Republic  78 

Santo  Domingo  City,  Dominican  Repuolic . .  73 

Santuav,  China 429 

San  Vicente  (dept.),  Salvador 53 

San  Vicente  (city),  Salvador M 

Sao  Luia,  Braail 128 

Sao  Paulo  (prov.).  Braail 1» 

Sao  Paulo  (city),  Braail 128 

SaAne-et-Loire  (dept.),  France 283 

Sapporo,  Japan 471 

Sarajevo.  Jugo-Slavia 316 

Saratov  (prov.),  Russia 354 

Saratov  (city),  Russia 356 

Sarawak,  Borneo 426 

Sardinia  (dept.).  Italy 806 

Sark  Island,  United  Kingdom 402 

Sarthe  (dept.),  France 288 

Sasebo,  Japan 471 

Saskatchewan  (prov.),  Dominion  of  Canada.  1, 4 

Saskatoon,  Canada 1 

Sassandra,  Ivory  Coast 571 

Sassari  (prov.),  Italy 306 

Sassari  (city),  Italy 307 

Sault  Ste.  Marie,  Canada 1 

Savaii  Island,  Samoan  Islands 688 

Savanna-la-Mar,  Jamaica W 

Savoie  (dept.).  France 288 

Scarborough,  Tobago 101 

Scheelite,  Australia 608 

Scheelite,  Federated  Malay  States 4»4 

Schiedam,  Netherlands 822 

Schwya  (canton),  Switaerland 391 

Scotland.  Area  and  Population 401, 402 

Scotland.  Cities.  Population 4M 

Scotland,  Counties 402 

Scutari,  Albania 217 

Sebastopol,  Russia 866 

Sebikotane  (ter),  Senegal 578 

Seccondee,  Gold  Coast  Colony o66 

Sefrou.  Morocco 802 

Segovia  (prov.),  Spain 370 

Seine  (dept),  France 268 

Seine-et-Mame  (dept.),  France 263 

Seine-et-Oise  (dept).  France 268 

Seine-Inf^rieure  (dept.).  France 268 

Selangor  (state).  Federated  Malay  States.  .  .  493 

Selkirk  (co.).  Scotland 402 

Semipalatinsk  (prov.),  Russia 366 

Semipalatinsk  (city),  Russia 366 

Semiryechensk  (prov.),  Russia 366 

Sendai,  Japan 471 

Senegal'. 

Area  and  Population 568, 573 

Cables 573 

Cities,  Population 573 

C-omnierce 573-574 

Exports 573-574 

Imports 673 

Railways 573 

Telegraphs 573 

Telephones 673 

Territories 573 

Waterways 573 

Sensuntepeque,  Salvador 53 

Seoul,  Chosen 486 

Seraing,  Belgium 230 

Serbia 314.  316. 317 

Ser^pe  (prov.),  Braail 128 

Sericulture,  Japan 478 

Serpukhov,  Russia 355 

Serres  (dept.),  Greece 291 

Serres  (city),  Greece 291 

Sesamum,  India,  British 463 

Setif .  Algeria 578 

Sevilla  (prov.),  Spain 370 


Page 

Sevilla  (city),  Spain 369 

Seybo  (prov.),  Dominican  Republic 73 

Seychelles  Islands: 

Area  and  Population 550 

Cocoanuts 550 

Commerce 550 

Currency 551 

Exports 550 

Imports 550 

Livestock 550 

Sfax.  Tunis 585 

Shahjahanpur,  India,  British 459 

Shale: 

Australia 608 

New  Zealand 623 

Shanghai,  China 429 

Shansi  (prov.),  China 429 

Shantung  (prov.),  China 429 

Shasi,  China 429 

Sheffield.  England 402 

Shensi  (prov^.  China 429 

Sherbrooke.  Canada 1 

Shetland  (co.),  Scotland 402 

Shibin-el-Kom.  Egypt 561 

Shikoku  Island.  Japan » . .  469 

Shimonoseki,  Japan 471 

Shinchiku,  Taiwan 488 

Shipbuilding: 

Curasao 70 

Japan 482 

World 702 

Shipping  Routes: 

Abyssinia 520 

Afghanistan 424 

Algeria 579 

Angola 597 

Argentipa 1 19 

Australia 615 

Austria 226 

Aaores 228 

Bahama  Islands 59 

BalcSchistdn 425 

Barbados 61 

Belgian  Congo 523 

Belgium 234 

Bohvia 125 

Braail 139 

Bulgaria 239 

Cape  Verde  Islands 598 

Ceylon 450 

Chile 150 

China 443 

Colombia 159 

Costa  Rica 30 

Cuba 68 

Cura9ao 72 

Caecho-Slovakia 246 

Denmark 253 

Dominican  Republic 77 

Dutch  East  Indies 635 

Ecuador 167 

Egypt 564 

Federated  Malay  States 494 

Fiji  Islands 617 

Finland 261 

France 273 

French  Indo  China 454 

French  West  Africa 569 

Germany 288 

Greece 297 

Guam  Island 616 

Guatemala 37 

Guiana,  British 179 

Guiana,  Dutch 181 

Guiana.  French 182 

Haiti 82 

Hawaii 643 

Honduras 40 

Honduras.  British 25 

Himgary 303 

India,  British 466 


Page 

Shippm^  Routes  (cont.) : 

India.  French 467 

India,  Portuguese 468 

Italy., 312 

Jamaica gj 

Japan [ ,  491 

Jugo-Slavia 319 

Leeward  Islands 90 

Madagascar 584 

Martinique 92 

Mexico 21 

Morocco 506 

Netherlands 326 

New  Caledonia 636 

New  Guinea 638 

New  Zealand 625 

Nicaragua 47 

Norway 331 

Panama 52 

Paraguay [ ,,,  190 

Persia 501 

Peru 200 

Philippine  Islands 654 

Poland 336 

Porto  Rico 100 

Portugal 344 

Portuguese  Guinea 599 

Rumania 351 

Russia 363 

S.  Thomd  and  Principe 599 

Salvador 58 

Samoan  Islands 639 

Siam 508 

Sikkim 5O8 

Spain 383 

Straits  Settlements 513 

Sweden 389 

Switaerland 394 

Ton^a  Islands 627 

Trinidad 103 

Tunis 590 

Turkey 393 

Union  of  South  Africa 546 

United  Kingdom 422 

Uruguay [  207 

Venezuela 216 

Virgin  Islands  of  the  United  States . . . . .  104 

Windward  Islands 105 

Ships  and  Shipping,  Merchant  tonnage  of  the 

Worid,  Tonnage  Definitions 701, 702, 703 

Shirati.  East  Africa 549 

Shiraz,  Persia [ . .  498 

Shizuoka,  Japan ] . ,  471 

Sholapur.  India,  British 459 

Shortland  Island,  Solomon  Islands 638 

Shumla.  Bulgaria 230 

Shuri.  Japan 47I 

Shusha.  Russia !!...'..'.  355 

Sialkot,  India,  British 450 

Siam: 

Advertising  Media 508 

Agriculture 5O6 

Area  and  Population '. 502 

Automobiles 601 

Cable  Rates '.'.'....'.  508 

Climate 502 

Commerce .502-506 

Consular  Regulations 508 

Consular  Representatives 508 

Customs  TariflF 508 

Departments 502 

Exports '. 502-506 

Forest  Resources 506 

Imports 502-505 

Language 508 

Livestock 500 

Lumber 506 

Mail  Time 508 

Minerals 506,  507 

Mining  Industry 506,  507 

Money  Orders 508 

Money.  Weights  and  Measures 507 


766 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


INDEX 


757 


I  : 


1 
HI  I 


Page 

Siam  (cont.):  ___ 

Parcel  Post 508 

Post  Offices 507 

Postal  Rates 5W 

Production  and  Industry °  rn? 

RaUways 507 

Rice 506 

Rubber 508 

Shipping  Routes 5J» 

Teak ^ 

Telegraphs «J" 

?^*^°°^:::::::::;::::::::::::::::506-lo7 

Trade  Methods 502 

Tungsten ^ 

Wireless  Stations ^^* 

Siberia,  see  Russia. 

Sicily  (dept.).  Italy.. ^ 

Sidibe  Abbes,  Algeiia 57» 

Siena  (prov.),  Italy ^ 

Siena  (city).  Italy 307 

Sierra  Leone: 

Area  and  Population ^ 

Commerce ^^ 

Currency ^ 

Exports 559 

Imports 5a» 

Post  Offices 560 

Railways ^^ 

Telegraphs ^^ 

Telephones '^^ 

Sierra  Leone,  Protectorate  of: 

Area  and  Population ow 

Exports 560 

Imports -A-: ^ 

Siguiri  (ter.),  French  Gumea O'" 

Sikkim:                            .  --.^ 

Area  and  Population 5W 

Cities,  Population oj» 

Commerce ^ 

Copper 5^ 

Exports rr? 

Imports 5J« 

Products                 ouo 

saesf.'1^?l.v*&ho-8iov.iiv;;;;/;;.ii9:24o,3i 

Silk:  ^, 

China **1 

France f'f 

French  Indo  China *^ 

Hungary J"^ 

Japan... J^ 

Rumama •••;••: ^ryn 

Raw,  World's  Production 700 

Silver:  n^^ 

Australia. . .  •  •  ■  • "^ 

Bechuanaland  Protectorate |^ 

Belgium *~ 

Canada xao 

China ?e^ 

Colombia JJJ 

Csecho-Slovakia ••« 

France ^ 

Honduras ** 

Hunga^r. .,    f^ 

India,  British J«J 

Japan *2" 

Madagascar <»« 

Mexico " 

New  Zealand JS 

K?;r:^v:::::::::::::::::::::::::::ie6.i98 

Rhodesia,  Southern 527 

Russia VTQ  oSi 

Spain *'**•  ^ 

Sweden Jon 

Taiwan *J" 

Turkey • ^^ 

Union  of  South  Africa JJJ 

United  Kingdom *J° 

World's  Production *>W 


Page 

Simbirsk  (prov.),  Russia |54 

Simbirsk  (city),  Russia ^ 

Simferopol,  Russia ••,•••  \-  i;  •  •  ''^ 

Simpson  Harbor  (Bismarck  Archipelago)  New 

Guinea "f^ 

Sinaloa  (state),  Mexico ** 

Sind  (prov.),  India.  British «» 

Singapore  (city) .  Straits  Settlements 609 

Singapore  Island,  Straits  Settlements oOW 

Siquia  (dist.).  Nicaragua *J 

Siracusa  (prov.),  Italy ^ 

Siracusa  (city),  Italy ^' 

Sisal:  -.„ 

Hawau <>** 

Mexico 1" 

Papua ., 537 

Sitra  Island.  Bahrein  Islands *^ 

Sivas,  Turkey ^ 

Siakia  (dept.),  Greece. *»i 

Skaraborg  (govt.),  Sweden «» 

Skien,  Norway ^ 

Skobelev.  Russia 3*» 

Sliijo  (CO.).  Ireland «« 

Smchow.  Csecho-Slovakia *W 

Smolensk  (prov.).  Russia |»* 

Smolensk  (city).  Russia g" 

Smyrna.  Turkey .•  -j.- '.v  Vi* '  j' to* 

Society  Islands.  French  Pacific  Islands oW 

Sodermanland  (govt.).  Sweden 385 

Sodertalje.  Sweden ;■  :^  ■  •  .:  ■  \: «SS 

Soerabaya  (Java).  Dutch  East  Indies 629 

Soerakarta  (Java),  Dutch  East  Indies 629 

Sofia  (dist.),  Bulgaria *^ 

Sofia  (city),  Bulgaria ^ 

Sognog  Fjordane  (dist.),  Norway 3f7 

Sohag.  Egypt... gj 

Sokoto,  AbysBima "*» 

Sokotra  Island: 

Area  and  Population oOl 

Dairy  Products Wl 

Livestock Ml 

Solingcn,  Germany *♦* 

Solola  (dept.),  Guatemala |J 

Solola  (city),  Guatemala »* 

Sok>mon  Islands  (British): 

Area  and  Population 521 

Copra S? 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures 638 

Rubber *~* 

Solomon  Islands  (German),  Pacific  Islands. .  688 
Somaliland,  French,  see  French  Somaliland 
Somaliland,  Italian,  see  Italian  Somaliland. 
Somaliland  Protectorate: 

Area  and  Population 561 

Cities.  Population 561 

Commerce 651 

Currency 561 

Exports 551 

Imports 551 

Telegraphs 561 

Transportation 651 

Wireless  Stations 551 

Somerset  (co.),  England *01 

Somme  (dept.),  France 203 

Somoto,  Nicaragua ** 

Sondrio  (prov.),  Italy *» 

Sonora  (state),  Mexico l* 

Sonsonate  (dept.),  Salvador 63 

Sonsouate  (city),  Salvador :  •  63 

Soochow,  China **^ 

Soria  (prov.),  Spain *7U 

Soriano  (dept.).  Uruguay *Vr 

Sormovo,  Russia 355 

Sor-Trondelag  (dist.).  Norway 3*7 

Sosnowice,  Poland 333 

Sousse,  Tunis .•••,••«•;•  °^ 

South  Africa.  British,  see  Basutoland;  Bech- 
uanaland Protectorate;  Nyasaland  Pro- 
tectorate; Rhodesia:  Swaziland  Protec- 
torate; Union  of  South  Africa. 


Page 

South  Africa,  Union  of,  see  Union  of  South 
Africa. 

South  Australia  (state),  Australia 601 

South  Holland  (prov.).  Netherlands 321 

Southwest  Africa.  Protectorate  of: 

Agriculture 559 

Area  and  Population 558 

Cities.  Populiation 559 

Commerce 558 

Diamonds 559 

Exports 558 

Imports 558 

Livestock 558 

Minerals 559 

Railways 559 

Soya-bean  oil.  China 441 

Soya-beans: 

Chosen 487 

Japan 478 

Spain: 

Advertising  Media 382 

Agriculture 380-381 

Area  and  Population 369-370 

Asphalt 380 

Automobiles 601 

Barley 380,  381 

Beans 380 

Cable  Rates 383 

Cement 379 

Cities,  Population 369 

Coal 380 

Coke 379 

Commerce 370-375 

Consular  Regulations 383 

Consular  Representatives 382 

Copper 379.  380 

Com 380.  381 

Crops 380-381 

Customs  Tariff 383 

Electric  Power 378 

Emigration 370 

Exports 370-375 

Fisheries 381-382 

Hydroelectric  development 378 

Illiteracy 370 

Imports 370-375 

Iron 379,  380 

Language 382 

Lead 379,  380 

Lentils 380 

Lignite 380 

Livestock 381 

Mail  Time 383 

Manganese 380 

Manufactures 377-379 

Mercury 379.  380 

Meslin 380 

Metallurgical  Industry 379 

Millet 380.  381 

Minerals 379,  380 

Money  Orders 383 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures 382 

Oats 380, 381 

Olive  oil 377 

Parcel  Poet 383 

Peas 380. 381 

Phosphorate 380 

Platinum .379 

Post  Offices 382 

Postal  Rates 383 

Power  Plants 378 

Production  and  Industry 377-382 

Provinces 370 

Railways 382 

Raisins 377 

Rice 380. 381 

Rye 380, 381 

Rait 379,  380 

Shipping  Routes 383 

Silver 379,  380 

Steel 379 


Spain  (continued): 

Sugar 

Sugar  beets 

Sulphur 

Sulphuric  Acid.. . 

Tares 

Telegraphs 

Telephones 

Textile  Industry. 

Tin 

Vetches 

Wheat 

Wine 

Wolfram 

Zinc 

Spandau,  Germany. . . 

Spanish  Africa,  see  Fernando  Po  Island 

Spanish  Town.  Jamaica. ... 

Spelt,  Germany 

Sponge  Fisheries,  Tunis 

Srinagar.  India,  British 

Stafford  (co.),  England 

Stanleyville,  Belgian  CJongo. 
Starbuck  Island.  British  Pacific  Islands 

Stavanger,  Norway 

Stavropol,  Russia 

Stavropol  (prov.),  Russia.  .  . 

Steatite,  India,  British 

Steel: 

Belgium 

France 

Germany 

Japan 

Jugo-Slavia 

New  Caledonia 

Russia 

Spain 

World's  Production 

Stettin.  Germany 

Stewart  Island,  New  Zealand 

Steyr,  Austria 

Stirling  (co.),  Scotland 

Stockholm  (govt.),  Sweden. . 
Stockholm  (city),  Sweden. . . 
Straits  Settlements: 

Advertising  Media 

Area  and  Population .... 

Automobiles 

Cable  Rates 

Climate 

Commerce 

Ck>nsular  Regulations 

Copra 

Customs  Tariff. . . 

Exports 

Immigration 

Imports 

Language 

Mail  Time 

Money  Orders. . . 

Money,  Weights  and 

Parcel  Post 

Postal  Rates 

Production  and  Industry 

Railways 

Rubber 

Shipping  Routes . 

Tin 

Trade  Methods. . 

Stratford,  Canada 

Stuttgart,  Germany. . 

Styria 

Suchava  (dept.),  Rumania 
Suchitepeques  (dept.),  Guatemala 

Sucre,  Bolivia 

Sucre  (state),  Venesuela 

Sudan,  see  .^iglo-Eg3i}tian  Sudan 

Sues,  Egypt 

Sues  Canal < 

Suffolk  (CO.),  England. 


Measures 


Page 

381 
381 
380 
379 
380 
382 
382 

377-378 
380 
380 

.380.  381 
377 
380 

379-380 
278 

83 
283 
589 
459 
401 
521 
627 
328 
355 
354 
465 

232 
270 
287 
481 
317 
636 
361 
379 
696 
278 
619 
219 
402 
385 
384 

513 
509 
691 
513 
509 

509-512 
513 
512 
513 

509-512 
509 

509-511 
513 
513 
513 
512 
513 
513 
512 
513 
512 
513 
512 
509 
1 
278 

314.  315 

346 

31 

122 

209 

561 

563 
401 


758 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


INDEX 


759 


Page 

Sugar:  ,- 

ArKcntina *i" 

Australia ^^'§25 

Austria ^f^ 

Barbados too  iSA 

Braail ^^']^ 

China ^ 

Costa  Rica f? 

Cuba -5? 

Cxecho-Slovakia ^ 

Denmark ^ 

Dominican  Republic 4^ 

Dutch  East  Indies 632 

EKVpt 563 

Fiji  Islands 616 

France ^ 

Germany ^°^ 

Guatemala _,  ,^ 

Guiana.  British 1"5, 176 

Haiti »^ 

Hawau ^■^ 

5."^?:."*':'^r.::::::::::::;:::;:::ml| 

Jamaica *Y 

Martinique ^ 

Mauritius *~q 

Mexico *^ 

Nicaragua *!* 

?s;r*^;::::::::::::::::::::::::::i96.i97 

Philippine  Islands 651,  652 

Poland •     a-  QQ 

Porto  Rico ®^'^kl? 

Reunion ^ 

Russia ^ 

Spain 489  490 

Taiwan ^°^'  Jj^ 

Trinidad ., JOJ 

Union  of  South  Africa g^J 

Venemela *i* 

World's  Production ^^^ 

Sugar  Beets: 

Australia 604, 6W 

Austria *fY 

?^r ::::    iiJ 

r  ranee ,^« 

Hungary ^ 

Italy..... 309 

Netherlands %j^ 

Russia ?5V 

Spain 5°i 

Sukhum  (prov.).  Russia ^^ 

Sukhum  (city),  Russia '*^ 

Sulphur:  „24 

Austria ffj 

Chile l^% 

C»echo-Slovakia f?^ 

Germany zxi 

Greece *XX 

Hungary ^f. 

j&;-.;:::::::::::::::::::::::::::    ^Jo 

New  Zealand J^ 

Spain |g 

Sweden Jgl 

Taiwan ._ ***" 

Sulphuric  Acid:  ^^^ 

SSSn"^:::::::::::::::::::^^-^---"     3^ 

Sumatra  Island,*  Dutch  East  Indies 6g 

Sumy,  Russia ^ 

Sundsvall,  Sweden ^ 

Surat,  India,  British  .  ..•••. *^ 

Surat  (Chumpom)  (dept.),  Siam «» 

Surrey  (co.),  England *"* 

Sussex  (CO.),  England. *J" 

Sutherland  (co.),  Scotland *^ 

Suva,  Fiji  Islands ...••••  "*« 

Swakopmund,  Protectorate  of  Southwest 

Africa JS 

Swatow,  China *^ 


Page 

Swaziland  Protectorate 528 

Agriculture. .. ^fg 

Area  and  Population ^ 

Coal % g28 

Gold -OQ 

Livestock ^oa 

Minerals tS« 

Post  Offices Xoa 

Telegraphs °^ 

Tin 5-«J 

Sweden:  »qq 

Advertising  Media oon  ^ 

Agriculture ^  qoI 

Area  and  Population JJ^ 

Automobiles ^q.  ^a-r 

Barley 386 

15C&n8 OQQ 

Cable  Rates ^ 

Cities.  Population ^|J 

Coal oaii-^Jifi 

Commerce 3i»-^ 

Consular  Regulations ^ 

Consular  Representatives |°ij 

Customs  Tariff oor.^ 

Exports 385-^ 

Forest  Resources jji 

Governments  (Lto.) ^ 

uS(irt^.-.;::::::::::::::::::::::::::385-836 

Industrial  EsUblishments ||» 

Iron oQo 

}2:fT:::::;:::;:;:::::::;:;:::::    i 

Livestock ^gj 

Mail  Time ^ 

Manganese _  ^L 

Manufactures **'"i2? 

Minerals ^ 

Money  Orders ■ ^ 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures ^« 

Oats ^*®*So 

Parcel  Post SJ 

Peas gj 

Postal  Rates Sj 

Potatoes . oQfl_oQa 

Production  and  Industry ^^^oj 

RaUways ooa  oa? 

Rye ^®*?Sa 

Shipping  Routes ^5 

Silver ^ 

Sulphur aoft  St 

Wheat 386,  387 

Zinc 387 

Switserland:  ^gu 

Advertising  Media _  ^ 

Agriculture 392-393 

Area  and  Population ^} 

Automobiles "oi 

Barley ^f 

Cable  Rates ^* 

Cantons ^\ 

Cities.  Population ^»* 

Commerce ^^  ^^ 

Consular  Regulations ^ 

Consular  Representatives ^ 

8%?.  ..■..::.:.;:;:::;::;:;;:;:::::;:39»-»M 

Customs  Tariff ^ 

Dairy  Industry ^* 

Embroidery  Industry ^^ 

E  xpor  ts ?S  1-392 

Imports 391-39^ 

Industrial  Establishments ^^ 

Language ^* 

Livestock ^J 

Mail  Time ^* 

Manufactures fx. 

Minerals 393 


Page 
Switseriand  (cont.): 

Mining  Industry 393 

Money  Orders 394 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures 394 

Oats 392 

Parcel  Post 394 

Post  Offices 394 

Postal  Rates 394 

Potatoes 393 

Production  and  Industry 392-393 

Railways 394 

Rye 392 

Salt 393 

Shipping  Routes 394 

Telegraphs 394 

Telephones 394 

Watch-making 393 

Wheat 392 

Sydney,  Australia 602 

Qydney,  Canada l 

Sydproven,  Greenland 23 

Syra  (Hermoupolis) ,  Greece 291 

Syria,  Area  and  Population 395 

Sysran.  Russia 355 

Szabadka.  Hungary 299 

Szechwan  (prov.),  China 429 

Szegedin.  Hungary 299 

Szemao,  China 429 

T 

Tabasco  (state).  Mexico 14 

Tabou,  Ivory  Coast 671 

Tabriz,  Persia 498 

Tachira  (state),  Venezuela 209 

Tacna  (prov.),  Chile 143 

Tacna  (city),  Chile 143 

Tacna  (dept.),  Peru 192 

Tacna  (city),  Peru 192 

Tacuarembo  (dept.),  Uruguay 202 

Taganrog,  Russia [ , ,  356 

Tagua  Nuts,  Ecuador 165 

Tahaa  Island,  Leeward  Islands 636 

Tahiti  Island,  Society  Islands: 

Area  and  Population 636 

Exports 636 

Imports 636 

Industries 636 

Products 636 

Taichu,  Taiwan 488 

Taihoku,  Taiwan 488 

Taiku,  Chosen 4S6 

Tainan,  Taiwan 438 

Taiwan  (Formosa): 

Agriculture 489-490 

Area  and  Population 488 

Beans 489,  490 

Cities,  Population 488 

Coal 490 

Commerce 488-489 

Copper 490 

Crops 490 

Exports 488-489 

Forest  Resources 490 

Gold 490 

Ground  nuts 490 

Imports 488-489 

Jute 490 

livestock 490 

Minerals 490 

Peas 489,  490 

Phosphorus 490 

Production  and  Industry 489-490 

Rice 489, 490 

R.V»1» 490 

Silver 490 

Sugar 489,  490 

Sulphur 490 

Sweet  Potatoes 489, 490 

„      Tea 489 

Takamatsu,  Japan 471 


Page 

Takao,  Taiwan 488 

Takaoka,  Japan ' ' ' '  471 

Takasaki,  Japan '..'..',  471 

Takata,  Japan " '  471 

Taica  (prov.),  Chile 143 

Talca  (city),  Chile 143 

Tamatave,  Madagascar 580 

Tamaulipas  (state),  Mexico '. .',  14 

Tambov  (prov.),  Russia 354 

Tambov  (city),  Russia 355 

Tanga.  East  Africa 549 

Tammerfors,  Finland 257 

Tandil,  Argentina 109 

Tanganyika,  Lake,  East  Africa 549 

Tangier,  Morocco 592 

Tanta,  Egypt [  56I 

Tapanceli  (dist.),  Dutch  East  Indies 628 

Taranaki  (prov.),  New  Zealand 619 

TarapacA  (prov.),  Chile 143 

Tarija  (dept.),  Bolivia 122 

Tarija  (city),  Bolivia 122 

Tarn  (dept.),  France 263 

Tarn-et-Garonne  (dept.),  France 263 

Tarragona  (prov.),  Spain 370 

Tashkent,  Russia 355 

Tasmania  (state),  Austrdia 601 

Tati  District,  Bechuanaland  Protectorate .  .  .  525 

Taurida  (prov.),  Russia 354 

Tea: 

Ceylon 450 

China 441 

Dutch  East  Indies 632 

India,  British 463 

Japan 479 

Nyasaland  Protectorate .'  526 

Taiwan 489 

Union  of  South  Africa 540 

Worid's  Production 602 

Teak,  Siam 506 

Tecuchi  (dept.),  Rumania 346 

Tegucigalpa,  Honduras 38 

Teheran,  Persia 498 

Tela.  Honduras 38 

Telegraphs: 

Abyssinia 519 

Algeria 579 

Anglo-Egyptian  Sudan 566 

Angola 597 

Austria 225 

Bechuanaland  Protectorate 525 

Belgian  Congo 523 

Brazil 137 

Bulgaria 238 

Canada '. 9 

British  East  African  Protectorate 548 

Ceylon 450 

Chile 149 

China 442 

Colombia 158 

Costa  Rica 29 

Cuba 67 

Cyprus ', 239 

Czecho-Slovakia 245 

Dahomey 570 

Denmark 253 

Dominican  Republic 77 

Dutch  East  Indies 635 

East  Africa 549 

Ecuador 166 

Egypt 564 

Federated  Malay  States 494 

France 272 

French  Equatorial  Africa 575 

French  Guinea 571 

French  Indo  China 454 

Germany 287 

Gold  Coast  Colony 557 

Greece 297 

Guatemala 36 

Guiana,  British 178 

Haiti 82 


li 


i 


II : 


760 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


INDEX 


761 


Psge 

Telegraphs  (continued) :  ^^ 

Honduras 04 

Honduras,  British ^ 

Hungary. .,. .gg 

India,  British TXX 

India,  Portuguese J^ 

Italy =72 

Ivory  Coast ^^7 

Jamaica ^qq 

Japan 01  q 

Jugoslavia ^J? 

Kamerun -g^ 

Madagascar.  •-•••,•••:•; Aoa 

Malay  States,  Unfederated I^g 

Mauritius go 

Mexico 5Q5 

Morocco ooa 

Netherlands jf^ 

New  Caledonia ^" 

New  Zealand •,•    V "  '  J 12 

Newfoundland  and  Labrador *g 

Nicaragua g^g 

Nigeria -«« 

Nyasaland  Protectorate ^f^ 

Panama jgg 

Paraguay ^qq 

5^"** 199 

Peru , ACQ 

Philippine  Islands ^^ 

Poland o-  ,  ^n 

Porto  Rico 343 

Portugal « fi- 

Principal  Countries "5! 

Rhodesia,  Northern o*' 

Rhodesia,  Southern °fl 

5^1™*^ 363 

Russia Kg 

Salvador rSx 

Senegal «U7 

Siam flk 

Sierra  Leone X^? 

SomaUland  Protectorate g* 

Spain coa 

Swaeiland  Protectorate °fj 

Switaerland ggQ 

Togo r  00 

Tunis Ill 

Turkey ^ 

Uganda  Protectorate "5? 

United  Kingdom **^ 

Venesuela oAS 

Telemark  (dist.),  Norway **' 

Telephones: .  gjg 

Abyssinia ^04 

Afghdnistdn I^ 

Algeria ^25 

Austria ka 

Bahama  Islands -S 

Belgian,  Congo ^ 

Bulgaria ^ 

Canada «»« 

ChUe ^S 

Cuba JJ; 

Csecho-Slovakia fS 

Dahomey oga 

Denmark ^2 

Dominican  Republic '' 

Ecuador JgJ 

Egypt Aod. 

Federated  Malay  States *»» 

France iL. 

French  Guinea Jli 

French  Indo  China ™2 

Germany. ^1:7 

Gold  Coast  Colony ^ 

Greece og 

Guatemala |-g 

Guiana,  British i^g 

Hawaii aq 

Honduras i^ 

Honduras,  British *• 


Page 

Telephones  (cont.): 

Hungary ^ 

Italy... 312 

Ivory  Coast ^^ 

Jamaica .51 

Japan *^ 

Jugo-Slavia ^ 

Madagascar.    ••;•;•••;, aoh  aqa 

Malay  States,  Unfederated 495, 496 

Malta «g 

Mauritius ^gi 

Morocco 2^ 

Netherlands 22 

New  Caledonia • ^ 

Newfoundland  and  Labrador l« 

Nicaragua *5 

Nieeria °^ 

Poland 336 

Porto  Rico _5J 

Rhodesia,  Southern »J 

Rumania **?Y 

Salvador .^ 

Senegal Jg 

Siam gj 

Sierra  Leone 22« 

Spain ?g 

Switieriand -J* 

Togo Jg 

Tunis '*™' 

Uganda  Protectorate JJJ 

United  Kingdom ♦** 

Uruguay.. *J2 

Zansibar  Protectorate o^* 

Telorman  (dept.),  Rumania ^ 

Temesvar,  Hungary. *^ 

Temir-Khan-Shura,  Russia ^o 

Temuco,  C  hile \^ 

Tengyueh,  China *f; 

Tepic  (ter.),  Mexico. ** 

Teramo  (prov.}.  Italy ^ 

Terceira  Island.  AK>ree **2 

Terek  (prov.),  Ru«i8i».  •  •  •  •  -j  • ;; ^ 

Temate  (dist),  Dutch  East  Indies 628 

Teruel  (prov.),  Spain 'g" 

Tetuan,  Morocco °^* 

Textile  Industry:  „__ 

Belgium f^ 

China *** 

France ^ 

Germany. f^K 

India,Briti8h *"*:SS 

India,  French „n  J?T 

Tfalv  310.  dll 

Japan  ""..'... 484,485 

Netherlands 325 

Peru *5^ 

IX^ ::::::::::::::::::::::377.378 

United  kingdom , W  ^    S    ■  ^^ 

Textiles,  World's  Consumption  and  Produe- 

tion Sii 

Theodosia,  Russia '?^ 

Theresina,  Brasil. ^*° 

Thids  (ter.),  Senegal.  ••••••••••  y  •  j ^U 

Three  Kings  Islands,  Kennadec  Islands 626 

Three  Rivers,  Canada * 

Tiassali,  Ivory  Coast JJZ 

f|Vi-_i.                                      **W 

Tierra  del  Fuego  (ter.) ,  Argentina JOS 

Tiflis  (prov.),  Russia ^ 

Tiflis  (city),  Russia 355.  ^07 

Tilburg,  Netherlands   j^ 

Timaru,  New  Zealand ^ 

Time  DifTerences.  ■••■••'■  •^- ■■  ly. 222 

Timor  Archipelago,  Dutch  East  Indiea W» 

Timor  Island,  Malay  Archipelago MO 

Tin:  «ftQ 

Australia ^ 

Belgian  Congo 5*2 

Bolivia J26 

China **^ 


Page 

Tin  (oont.): 

Csecho-Slovakia 245 

Dutch  East  Indies 633 

Federated  Malay  SUtes 494 

India,  British 465 

Perils  (state),  Malay  States 495 

Portugal 343 

Siam 506, 507 

Spain 380 

Straits  Settlements 512 

Swaziland  Protectorate 528 

Union  of  South  Africa 542 

United  Kingdom 418 

World's  Production 696 

Tipperary  (co.),  Ireland 402 

Tinspol,  Russia 355 

Timovo  (dist),  Bulgaria 236 

Tivaouane  (ter.),  Senegal 573 

TIaxcala  (state),  Mexico 14 

Tobacco: 

Australia 605 

Austria 225 

Belgium 231 

Borneo 426 

Brasil 134, 135 

Bulgaria 238 

Chosen 487 

Cuba 67 

Dominican  Republic 76 

France 269 

Germany 285 

Greece 294 

Haiti 82 

Hawaii 642 

Honduraa 39 

Hungary 302 

Jamaica 86 

Japan 478 

New  Caledonia 636 

Nyasaland  Protectorate 526 

Paraguay 188 

Peru 197 

Philippine  IslandB 651 

Porto  Rico 96, 98, 99 

Rhodesia,  Southern 527 

Russia 360 

Turkey 397 

Union  of  South  Africa 540 

Uruguay 205 

Tobago  Island,  West  Indies 101, 103 

Tobolsk,  Russia 355 

Togo: 

Area  and  Population 560 

Commerce 560 

Exports 560 

Imports 560 

Livestock 560 

Post  Offices 560 

Production  and  Industry 560 

Railways 560 

Telegraphs 560 

Telephones 560 

Wireless  Stations 560 

Tokeland  Islands,  British  Pacific  Islands 627 

Toko,  Taiwan 488 

Tokuskima,  Japan 471 

Tokyo,  Japan 471 

Toledo  (prov.),  Spain 370 

Tolima  (dept.),  Colombia 153 

Toluca,  Mexico 14 

Tomsk,  Russia 355 

Tonga  Islands: 

Area  and  Population 627 

Cables     627 

Copra 627 

Exports 627 

Imports 627 

Mail  Time 627 

Money  Orders 627 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures 627 

Parcel  Post 627 


Page 

Tonga  Islands  (cont.): 

Postal  Rates 627 

Shipping  Routes 627 

Tonking,  French  Indo  C^hina 451 

Tonnage,  Definitions 703 

Toowoomba.  Australia 602 

Torino  (dept.),  Italy 305 

Toronto,  Canada 1 

Totonicapan  (dept.),  Guatemala 31 

Totonicapan  (city),  Guatemala 31 

Tottori,  Japan 471 

Toulon,  France 263 

Toulouse,  France 263 

Toultcha  (dept.).  Rumania 346 

Towinai,  Belgium . ._ 230 

Townsville,  Australia 603 

Toyama,  Japan 471 

Toyohashi,  Japan 471 

Trana,  Albania 217 

Transcaspian  Province,  Russia 355 

Transcaucasia  (prov.),  Russia 354,  355 

Transvaal  (prov.).  Union  of  South  Africa. .  .  529 
Transvaal  (prov.).  Union  of  South  Africa — 

Gold 541, 542 

Trapani  (prov.),  Italy 306 

Trapani  (city),  Italy 307 

Tras-os-Montes  (prov.),  Portugal 338 

Travancore  (state),  India,  British 458 

TrebijBond,  Turkey 396 

Treinta  y  Tres  (dept.)   Uruguay 202 

Trengganu  (state), Malay  States  Unfederated: 

Area  and  Population 496 

Commerce ttd 

Exports 496 

Imports ^6 

Production  and  Industry 496 

Treviso  (prov.),  Italy 305 

Tieviso  (city),  Italy 307 

Trichinopoly,  India,  British 469 

Trieste,  Italy 218 

Trikkala  (dept.),  Greece 291 

Trikkala  (city),  Greece 291 

Trinidad,  Bolivia 122 

Trinidad,  West  Indies 100-103 

Area  and  Population 100 

Asphalt 103 

Automobiles 108 

Cable  Rates 103 

Climate 100 

Cocoa 103 

Commerce 101-103 

Consular  Regulations. 103 

Consular  Representatives 103 

Customs  Tariff 103 

Exports 101-103 

Fruits 103 

Imports 101-102 

Manjack 103 

Money  Orders 103 

Parcel  Post 103 

Petroleum 103 

Postal  Rates 103 

Production  and  Industry 103 

Shipping  Routes 103 

Sugar 103 

Tobago  Island 101-103 

Tripoli: 

Area  and  Population 590 

Automobiles 091 

Cables 590 

Cities,  Population 590 

Commerce 690 

Exports 690 

Fruit 590 

Imports 590 

Railways. 690 

Sponge  Fisheries 590 

Tripoli  (city),  Tripoli 500 

Tripolits a,  Greece 291 

Tristan  da  Cunha  Islands 560 

Trivanchum,  India,  British 469 


Iji 


762 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


INDEX 


763 


Page 

Troitsk,  Russia 355 

TroUhattan,  Sweden 384 

Troms  (dist.)t  Norway 327 

Trondhjem,  Norway 328 

Troppau,  Ciecho-Slovakia 240 

Tnijillo,  Honduras 38 

Trujillo,  Peru 193 

Tnijillo  (state),  Veneiuela 209 

Tsaritsyn,  Russia 355 

Tsarskoye  Selo,  Russia 355 

Tsingtau,  China 429 

Tsu,  Japan 471 

Tuamotu  Islands,  French  Pacific  Islands. . . .  636 

Tubuai  Islands,  French  Pacific  Islands 636 

Tucopia  Islands,  Solomon  Islands 638 

Tucuman  (prov.),  Argentina 108 

Tucuman  (city),  Argentina 109 

Tula  (prov.),  Russia 354 

Tula  (city),  Russia 355 

Tulcan,  Ecuador 161 

Tulcar,  Madagascar 580 

Tumbes  (prov.),  Peru 193 

Tumbes  (city),  Peru 193 

Tunapuna,  Trinidad 100 

Tungsten: 

Argentina 117 

Bolivia 125 

Canada 6 

France 270 

India,  British 465 

New  Zealand 623 

Peru 198 

Siam 606 

Tungurahua  (prov.),  Ecuador 161 

Tunis: 

Advertising  Media 589 

Agriculture 588-589 

Area  and  Population 585 

Automobiles 691 

Barley 589 

Beans 589 

Cable  Rates 590 

Cities,  Population 585 

Commerce 585-588 

Consular  Regulations 590 

Consular  Representatives 589 

Cork 589 

Com 589 

Crops 589 

Customs  Tariff 590 

Exports 585-588 

Fisheries 589 

Forest  Resources 588 

Hides  and  Skins 589 

Imports 585-588 

Iron 589 

Lead 589 

Lignite 589 

Livestock 589 

Mail  Time 590 

Manganese 589 

Manufactures 589 

Minerals 589 

Money  Orders 590 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures 589 

Oats 589 

Olive  Oil 589 

Parcel  Post 590 

Peas 589 

Phosphate 689 

Post  OflBces 589 

Postal  Rates 590 

Potatoes 589 

Production  and  Industry 688-689 

Railways 689 

Roads 589 

Shipping  Routes 690 

Sponge  Fisheries 589 

Telegraphs 589 

Telephones 689 

Wheat 589 


Page 

Tunis  (cent.): 

Wine 689 

Wool 689 

Zinc 689 

Tunis  (city),  Tunis 685 

Turgai  (prov.),  Russia 366 

Turin  (Torino),  Italy 307 

Turkestan  (prov.),  Russia 365 

Turkey: 

Agriculture 397 

Area  and  Population 396-396 

Automobiles 691 

Cable  Rates 399 

Chrome  Ore 398 

Cities,  Population 396 

Coal 397 

Coffee 397 

Commerce 396-397 

Consular  Regulations 399 

Copper 398 

Customs  Tariff 398 

Exports 396-397 

Fisneries 398 

Forest  Resources 397 

Gold 398 

Imports 390-397 

Iron 398 

Langiiage 398 

Mail  Time 399 

Manganese 398 

Manufactures 398 

Minerals 398 

Money  Orders 399 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures 398 

Parcel  Post 399 

Petroleum 398 

Post  Offices 398 

Postal  Rates 399 

Production  and  Industry 397-398 

Railways 398 

Shipping  Routes 398 

SUi?er.\^ 398 

Telegraphs 398 

Territorial  Changes 396 

Tobacco 397 

Zinc 398 

Turks  Islands,  British  West  Indies 88 

Tuscany  (dept.),  Italy 306 

Tutova  (dept.),  Rumania 346 

Tutuila  Island.  Samoan  Islands 638 

Tu«la,  Jugo-Slavia 315 

Tver  (prov.),  Russia 354 

Tver  (city).  Russia 355 

Twillingate,  Newfoundland 10 

Tyrol  (prov.),  Austria 219 

Tyrone  (co.),  Ireland «« 


Ubangi,  Shari-Chad  Colony,  French  Equa- 
torial Africa Wft 

Ubangi-Shari  Circumscription,  French  Equa- 
torial Africa 676 

Ubon  Rajatani  (dept.),  Siam 502 

Uddevalla.  Sweden 884 

Udine  (prov.).  Italy 8M 

Udine  (city),  Italy 307 

Udom  (dept.),  Siam 502 

Ufa  (prov.),  Russia 364 

Ufa  (citv).  Russia 366 

Uganda,  Lake.  East  Africa 649 

Uganda  Protectorate: 

Agriculture 658 

Area  and  Population 552 

Beans 563 

Cocoa 553 

Coffee 553 

Commerce 562 

Cotton 553 

Crops 558 


Page 
Uganda  Protectorate  (cont.) : 

Exports 552 

Fruit 553 

Imports 552 

Railways 553 

Roads 553 

Rubber 553 

Sweet  Potatoes 553 

Telegraphs 553 

Telephones 553 

Uji-Yamada,  Japan 471 

Ujpest,  Hungary 299 

Ukrainia,  New  Russian  State 364 

Ukrainia: 

Area  and  Population 367 

Cities,  Population 367 

Provinces 367 

Uleaborg,  Finland 267 

Ulm,  Germany 278 

Ulster,  Ireland 402 

Uman,  Russia 355 

Unfederated  Malay  States,  see  Malay  States, 

Unfederated. 
Union  of  South  Africa: 

Advertising  Media 546 

Agriculture 540 

Area  and  Population 529 

Asbestos 542 

Automobiles 691 

Barley 540 

Cities,  Population 529 

Climate 529 

Coal 542 

Coke 542 

Commerce 530-539 

Consular  Regulations 546 

Copper 542 

Com 540 

Cotton 540 

Crops 540 

Customs  Tariff 546 

Dairy  Products 540 

Diamonds 542 

Exports '.'.'.'.'.'.  !630-538 

Fisheries 541 

Flint 542 

Fruit 540 

Gold 541,  542 

Oraphite 542 

Imports 530-539 

Industrial  Establishments 542-545 

Language 546 

Lead 542 

Lime 542 

Livestock 540 

Magnesite 542 

Mail  Time 547 

Manufactures 542-545 

Minerals 541-542 

Mining  Industry 541-542 

Mining  Stores 538-539 

Money  Orders 547 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures 546 

Oata--- 540 

Parcel  Post 547 

Postal  Rates 547 

Production  and  Industry !  540-545 

Provinces 529 

Rye !  540 

gal.t ••.   ••• 542 

shipping  Routes 546 

Silver 542 

Sugar 540 

Tea 540 

Tin 542 

Tobacco 540 

Wattle-bark 540 

Whaling 541 

Wheat 540 


Page 

United  Kingdom: 

Advertising  Media 422 

Agriculture ', .  [414-417 

Area  and  Population .............  !401-402 

Automobiles 691 

Barley 4i4,'4i5."416. 417 

Beans 414,  415,  416.  417 

Cable  Rates 422 

Chalk .'.'.'.".'.'.'         417 

Cities,  Population 402 

Clay 417 

Coal 417.  418 

Commerce 403-413 

Consular  Regulations 421 

Consular  Representatives 421 

Copper 418 

Crops 414-417 

Customs  Tariff 421 

Exports 403-413 

Fisheries 419 

Flax 415, 416 

Gold 418 

Hay 415,  416. 417 

Hops 415, 416 

Imports 403-407 

Iron 417, 418 

Lead 418 

Limestone 417 

Livestock 415,  416 

Manufactures 419-420 

Metallurgical  Industry 420 

Minerals 417-418 

Money  Orders 422 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures 420-421 

Oats 414,  415,  416,  417 

Parcel  Post 422 

Peas 414,  415, 416,  417 

Population,  Occupations 414 

Post  Offices 421 

Postal  Rates 422 

Potetoes 416, 416, 417 

Production  and  Industry 414-420 

Quarrying 417 

Railways 421 

Registered  Companies 419 

Rye 414.  415, 416,  417 

Salt 417 

Sandstone 417 

Shale 417 

Shipping 421 

Shipping  Routes 422 

Silver 418 

Telegraphs 421 

Telephones 421 

Textile  Industry 420 

Tin 418 

Vegetables 414,  415.  416.  417 

Wheat 414,  415,  416.  417 

Zinc 418 

United  States: 

Exports 655,  656, 

657,  658,  659.660,  662,  664,  667 

Foreign  Trade 665 

Imports 661,  662,  664 

Upper  Austria  (prov.).  Austria 219 

Upper  Senegal  and  Niger: 

Area  and  Population 674 

Cities.  Population 674 

Exports 574 

Imports 574 

Livestock 574 

Production  and  Industry 574 

Uppsala  (govt.).  Sweden 385 

Uppsala  (city).  Sweden 384 

Uraba  (com.),  Colombia 153 

Uralsk  (prov.),  Russia 355 

Uralsk  (city),  Russia 355 

Uranium,  Australia 606 

Uri  (canton),  Switzerland 391 


764 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


: 


Page 

Uruguay..,.,......: 201-^ 

Advertising  Media ^ 

Agriculture 201.  205 

Area  and  Population 201,  ^j 

Automobiles o^c 

Barley 205 

Cable  Rates 207 

Cities,  Population ^"f 

Climate 201 

Commerce "^  onR 

Consular  Regulations ^"^ 

Consular  Representatives ^ 

Crops 205 

Customs  Tariff ^ 

Departments AAA  ««o  ^ 

M:::::::::::::::::::::;:::^'.^;i 

Industrial  Establishments ^ 

Linseed *JS 

Livestock 205 

Maize 205 

Manufactures 201, 205 

Meat  Industry ^ 

Minerals 205 

Money  Orders ^ 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures ^ 

Oats 205 

Parcel  Post 207 

Postal  Rates *Jvi 

Production  and  Industry •J'* 

Railways ^ 

Shipping  Routes *J« 

Telephones 5~ 

Tobacco 205 

Wheat 2^ 

Wme 205 

Uskub,  Jugo-Slavia 3io 

Usulutin  (dept.).  Salvador »* 

UsulutAn  (city),  Salvador »» 

Usumbura,  East  Africa |*y 

Utrecht  (prov.),  Netherlands «21 

Utrecht  (city).  Netherlands ^ 

Utsunomiya,  Japan *^* 

Uvea  Island,  New  Caledonia "3* 

V 

Valchea  (dept.),  Rumania 346 

Valdivia  (prov.).  ChUe l« 

Valdivia  (city),  ChUe J*3 

Valencia  (prov.),  Spain ^^u 

Valencia  (city),  Spain 3^ 

Valencia,  Veneiuela ^0» 

Valie  (dept.).  Colombia 153 

Valladolid  (prov.),  Spain 370 

Valladolid  (city),  Spain 369 

Valletta,  Malta  Island 320 

Valona,  Albania 217 

Valparaiso  (prov.),  Chile J^d 

Valparaiso  (city),  Chile J*2 

Vanadium,  Peru 196, 198 

Vancouver,  Canada * 

Vanem,  Lake  (govt.),  Sweden ^ 

Vanilla,  Comoro  Islands ^y« 

Vanua  Levu  Island,  Fiji  Islands 616 

Var  (dept.),  France 2W 

Varmland  (govt.),  Sweden ^^ 

Varna  (dist.),  Bulgaria 236 

Varna  (city),  Bulgaria ^ 

Varoshia,  Cyprus ^^ 

Vasa,  Finland 257 

Vaslui  (dept.),  Rumania 346 

Vasteras,  Sweden ^** 

Vasterbotten  (govt.),  Sweden 3|5 

Vastemorrland  (govt.),  Sweden 3»o 

Vastmanland  (govt.),  Sweden 3»o 

Vattem,  Lake  (govt.),  Sweden ^ 

Vaucluse  (dept.),  France ^ 

Vaupes  (com.),  Colombia ••;••; loo 

Vella  Labella  Island,  Solomon  Islands W» 

Vendue  (dept.),  France 263 


Venetia  (dept.).  Italy JM 

Veneria  (prov.),  Italy %^ 

Venezuela. ^"®"?}S 

Advertising  Media oao  o?i 

Agriculture 208, 214 

Area  and  Population *W 

Asphalt       216 

Automobiles xTi 

Cable  Rates *16 

Cacao *»* 

Cities,  Population *J2 

Climate 208 

Coal 2}J 

Coffee ona_?ll 

Commerce ^^*^?}J 

Consular  Regulations *1® 

Consular  Representatives 216 

Customs  Tariff oAa_5}5 

Exports ^•??J"?}i 

Forest  Resources 208, 214,  ^15 

Gold  215 

im^rts.v.::.:::.: 209-212 

L^tock:::::::::::::::: 208.215 

Manufactures jj^ 

Minerals *J^ 

Money  Orders 216 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures 215 

Parcel  Post 216 

Pearl  Fisheries *J^ 

Petroleum *J« 

Post  Offices 215 

Postal  Rates 216 

Production  and  Industry j«i* 

Railways 2"^?!S 

Roads 215 

Shipping  Routes j«io 

Sugar %\* 

Telegraphs. *J5 

Venice  (Veneiia),  Italy 307 

Vera  Cms  (state),  Mexico 1* 

Vera  Cms  (city),  Mexico j* 

Veraguas  (prov.),  Panama *» 

Verdun,  Canada .  . J 

Verona  (prov.),  Italy 305 

Verona  (city),  Italy 307 

Verria,  Greece ^ 

Verviers,  Belgium. *g" 

Vest-Agder  (dist.).  Norway 327 

Vestfold  (dist.) ,  Norway  •••.•••••: 327 

Vianna  do  CasteUo  (dist.),  Portugal 338 

Viborg,  Finland. 257 

Vicensa  (prov.),  Italy 305 

Vicenia  (city),  Italy. . .    307 

Victoria  (state).  Austraha 601 

Victoria.  Braiil *-*» 

Victoria,  Canada l 

Victoria,  Kamerun ^7 

Victoria,  Labuan  Island  . . ...  ••••.• °^ 

Victoria  Island,  British  Pacific  Islands 627 

Victoria,  Lake,  East  Africa 549 

Vidin  (dist.),  Bulgaria 236 

Vienna,  Austria ^^» 

Vienne  (dept.),  France. 263 

Vigan,  Philippine  Islands 645 

Villadecura,  Venesuela fW 

VUla  del  Pilar.  Paraguay.. 1|4 

Villa  Real  (dist.).  Portugal 338 

Villarica,  Paraguay, oka  \tl 

Vilna  (prov.).  Russia ^^'Sf} 

Vilna.  Lithuania ^ 

Vinnitsa,  Russia .,. .  • „o^ 

Virgin  Islands.  British,  West  Indies 88, 89 

Virgin  Islands  of  the  United  States: 

Area  and  Population 104 

Cable  Rates JgJ 

Commerce JJ** 

Exports 104 

Imports Jx* 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures 104 


INDEX 


765 


Page 

Virgin  Islands  of  the  United  States  (cent.): 

Production  and  Industry 104 

Shipping  Routes 104 

Vitebsk,  Russia 355 

Vitebsk  (prov.),  Russia 354 

Viti  Lfevu  Island,  Fiji  Islands 616 

Vitoria,  Spain 369 

Viscaya  (Biscay)  (prov.),  Spain 370 

Viscu  (dist.),  Portugal 338 

Vladikavkas,  Russia 355 

Vladimir  (prov.),  Russia 354 

Vladimir  (city).  Russia 356 

Vladivostok.  Russia 355 

Vlashka  (dept.),  Rumania. 346 

Vadena,  Greece 291 

Volhynia  (prov.),  Russia 364 

Volo,  Greece 291 

Vologda  (prov.),  Russia 354 

Vologda  (city),  Russia 356 

Volsk,  Russia 355 

Voralberg  (prov.),  Austria 219 

Voronezh  (prov.),  Russia 354 

Voronezh  (city),  Russia 355 

Vosgea  (dept.),  France 263 

Vratsa  (dist.),  Bulgaria 236 

Vyatka  (prov.),  Russia 354 

Vyatka  (city).  Russia 356 

Vyazma.  Russia 366 

Vyemyi.  Russia 365 

W 

Wadai.  French  Equatorial  Africa 675 

Wakamatsu  (Fukouka-ken),  Japan 471 

Wakamatsu  (Fukushima-ken).  Japan 471 

Wakayama,  Japan 471 

Wales: 

Area  and  Population 401 

Counties 401 

Wallis  Archipelago.  New  Caledonia 636 

Walvis  Bay.  Protectorate  of  Southwest 

Africa 569 

Wanganui,  New  Zealand 620 

Wanhsien,  China 429 

Warri,  Nigeria 558 

Warsaw,  Poland 333 

Warwick  (co.).  England 401 

Waterford  (oo.).  Ireland 402 

Waterpower: 

Finland 260 

Greece 295,  296 

Waterways: 

Belgian  Congo 622 

China 442 

Finland 261 

France 272 

Hungary 303 

Liberia 591 

Netherlands 326 

Russia 363 

Seneml 673 

Watlings  Island,  British  West  Indies 69 

Wattle-bark,  Union  of  South  Africa 640 

Wasan,  Morocco 592 

Weihaiwei,  China 446 

Wellington  (prov.).  New  Zealand 619 

Wellington  (city).  New  Zealand 620 

Wels,  Austria 219 

Wenchow,  China 429 

West  Australia  (state),  Australia 601 

West  Prussia  (Poland) 333 

Westland  (prov.).  New  Zealand 619 

Westmeath  (co.).  Ireland 402 

Westmoreland  (co.),  England 401 

Westmount,  Canada 1 

Wexford  (co.).  Ireland 402 

Wheat: 

Argentina 116 

Australia 603,  604 

AustriA  .••••••••.••••••• ,  2^3 

Belgium 231 


Page 
Wheat  (continued): 

Bulgaria 238 

Canada 4 

Chile 148 

CsTjrus 239 

Czecho-Slovakia 242,  243 

Denmark 250 

Egypt 563 

Finland 258-259 

France 269 

Germany 283 

Hungary 302 

India,  British 463 

Ireland 416-417 

Italy 309 

Japan , . .    .         478 

Jugo-Slavia 317 

Netherlands 325 

New  Zealand 622 

Norway 329 

Peru 197 

Portugal 341 

Rumana 360 

Russia 360 

Spain 380,  381 

Sweden 386,  387 

Switzerland 391 

Tunis 589 

Union  of  South  Africa 540 

United  Kingdom 414,  415,  416.  417 

Uruguay 206 

World's  Production 694 

Wicklow  (co.),  Ireland 402 

Wien  Neustadt,  Austria 219 

Wiesbaden.  Germany 278 

Wigtown  (coO,  Scotland 402 

Wiflemstad,  Curafao 70 

Wiltshire  (co.),  England 401 

Windhuk,  Protectorate  of  Southwest  Africa .         659 

Windsor,  Canada 1 

Windward  Islands 104.  106 

Agriculture 104, 105, 106 

Area  and  Population 104 

Cable  Rates 105 

Commerce 104, 105,  106 

Coffee 105 

Consular  Regulations 105 

Customs  Tariff 105 

Exports 105, 106 

Imports 105,  106 

Island  of  Grenada 104, 105 

Island  of  St.  Lucia 106 

Island  of  St.  Vincent 105 

Parcel  Post 106 

Postal  Rates 106 

Production  and  Industry 105, 106 

Shipping  Routes 105 

Sugar 106 

Wine: 

Algeria 579 

Argentina 116 

France. .   269 

Germany    283 

Greece 294 

Italy 309 

Portugal 341 

Spain 377 

Tunis 589 

Uruguay 205 

World's  Production 694 

Winnipeg,  Canada 1 

Wireless  Stations: 

Australia 615 

East  Africa.  ...*,......., . 549 

Ecuador. «  .".,..;....:. .-. . V.;".;. .  j . ;. .  s . .  •       166 

Frencn  EquatoriA> Africa :..  ^ .  r .'.*.... .         575 
Guam  Island 616 

Italian  g6ma{iUyid ; .;.  ^  .  .^.  /..\.i.*.         590 
Ivcry  Cop.st ^  . .  .^  ^. ...  '.%.<  .....  572 


766 


EXPORTER'S  GAZETTEER  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS 


nti 


Page 

Wireless  Stations  (continued):  ^^ 

Japan woa 

Madagascar Xm 

Morocco ^cQ 

Phibppine  Islands 9^ 

Samoan  Islands °^ 

Siam ?V; 

Somaliland  Protectorate |gj 

Witkowitz,  Czechoslovakia 240 

Wolfram:  gQg 

Australia ,■•••• ioA 

Federated  Malay  States JJ* 

Portugal SjX 

Spain *** 

Wood  Pulp:  7 

^iw.::::;;:;:::::::::::'.'.::---''-^^^ 

Wool:  <t9  111 

Argentina. *"•  ^ig 

New  Zealand J^ 

Persia koq 

Tunis Si 

.Worcester  (co.),  England J^ 

Wuchow,  China ^no 

Wuhu.  China 5=2 

Wurzburg,  Germany 


Yakutsk.  Russia ^ 

Yalta,  Russia ^^ 

Yamagata,  Japan  •••••••••• 4^7 

Yanaon  (col.).  India,  French ^| 

Yanina  (dept.),  Greece t^\ 

Yanina  (city).  Greece. ^\ 

Yap  Island.  Carolme  Islands ^oi 

Yaracuy  (state).  Venezuela *VV 

Yaroslav  (prov.),  Kussia ^ 

Yeisk,  Russia........ ^°2 

Yekaterinburg.  Russia ^^^ 

Yekaterinodar,  Russia ^^ 

Yekaterinoslav  (prov.),  Russia ^^ 

Yekaterinoslav  (city),  Russia ^^^ 

Yelets.  Russia ^2 

Yelisavetgrad,  Russia. ^ 

Yelisavetpol  (prov.).  Russia ^ 

Yelisavetpol  (city).  Russia |g^ 

Yemen,  Imamate  of _-  ^„- 

Yerba  Mat6.  Brazil ?5^  is? 

Yerba  Mat6,  Paraguay '  ios 

Yezl,  Persia 12° 

Yokkaichi,  Japan ^i. 

Yokohama.  Japan ^71 

Yokosuka.  Japan ^^J 

Yonezawa,  Japan .  „«, 

Yonne  (dept.),  France ^m 

York  (CO.).  England. *"* 

Yucatan  (state),  Mexico *^ 

Yunnan  (prov.),  China ^ 

Yuriev,  Russia ^ 

Yuzovka,  Russia *»** 


Z 

Zaandam,  Netherlands 322 

Zaboze,  Germany ^'J^ 

Zacapa  (dept.),  Guatemala ^\ 

Zacapa  (city),  Guatemala •* 

Zacatecas  (state),  Mexico *« 

Zacatecas  (city),  Mexico ** 

Zacatecoluca,  Salvador ^ 

Zagzig.  Egypt °JJ 

Zagreb,  Hungary. t^ 

Zakataly  (proy).  Russia. g* 

Zamboanga,  Philippine  Islands o*^ 

Zamora  (prov.).  Spain. ««^ 

Zamora  (state),  Venezuela ^ 

Zante  (dept.),  Greece ^\ 

Zante  (city).  Greece *** 

Zanzibar  Protectorate:  . 

Area  and  PopulaUon ^ 

Cocoanuts 'ggT 

Cloves R«_>>54 

Exports ^^liSl 

Imports M4 

Manufactures rr? 

Money,  Weights  and  Meaaurea o»« 

Post  Offices ?S 

Railways T?: 

Roads ^ 

Telephones •  • •  •  •  • ^ 

Zanzibar  (city).  Zanzibar  Protectorate &M 

Zanzibar  Island.  Zanzibar  Protectorate JM 

Zaragoza  (prov.),  Spain |^ 

Zaragoza  (city).  Spain. ^ 

Zealand  (prov.).  Netherlands et J 

Zeyla.  Somaliland  Protectorate orr^XT 

Zhitomir,  Russia d5&-dO/ 

Zinc:  608 

Austraha 223,224 

Austna **"•  032 

Belpum J25 

Bohvia 245 

Czecho-SIovakia J^ 

France 4.4 

French  Indo  Chma 077  287 

Germany ^'  '296 

^Jf"^ ::         310 

I^'y : : . .  .196. 198 

Peru 335 

Poland ggj 

J"8«* :  '.379. 380 

Spain '387 

^eden 589 

Tun« ;;;  393 

Turkey 4*0 

United  Kingdom. ^.q 

Zizkow.  Czecho-Slovakia t^ 

Zlatoust.  Russia ^-jg 

Zwickau.  Germany 322 

Zwolle,  Netherlands goi 

Zug  (canton).  Switzerland 209 

Zulia  (state).  Venezuela _^j 

Zurich,  Switzerland 


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HONG  KONG 

SHANGHAI 

KOBE 


WOOLWORTH  BUILDING 
NEW  YORK 


F.  A.  THOMPSON  COMMERCIAL  CO., 

Incorporated 

LACAMPANA  BUILDING 
MANILA       -      -        P.  I. 

We  ark  in  a  position  to  accept  the  direct  sales  representations 

OF      A     FCW       ADDITIONAL       RESPONSIBLE       AMERICAN       MANUFACTURERS 


Our    import    department    will    give    your    inquiries   for    Phil- 
ippine   AND    Japanese    products     the     most     careful     attention 


The  Circulation  of  the  American  Exporter 

is  based  on  the  importance  of  the  reader  as  a  buyer  of  American 
goods  rather  than  on  a  large  subscription  basis.  Before  a  name 
is  placed  on  our  mailing  list,  accurate  information  is  obtained  as 
to  the  credit  rating,  commodities  handled,  past  business 
relations  with  other  concerns,  and  all  other  data  that  will  assist 
us  in  putting  only  the  most  important  buyers  on  our  list. 

During  the  year,  we  reach  more  than  200,000  important  firms  of: 

General  Importers.  The  volume  of  their  purchases  and 
the  extent  of  their  sales  are  so  great  that  to  interest  them  is 
going  a  long  way  in  securing  a  considerable  foreign  outlet. 

Large  retailers  who  are  seeking  new  sources  of  supply. 

Contractors  and  Engineers  who  influence  the  bu3dng  of 
mechanical  equipment. 

Commission  Merchants  who  want  to  act  as  resident  sales 
representatives  for  American  manufacturers. 

Your  sales  story  in  the  American  Exporter  will  speak  directly 
to  the  overseas  buyer  in  a  tongue  he  understands,  because  we 
publish  editions  in  Spanish,  French  and  Portuguese,  as  well  as 
in  English. 

Let  us  send  you  our  booklet,  "Export  Advertising  Results," 
together  with  rates  and  other  data  about  the  world's  largest 
export  advertising  medium. 

AMERICAN  EXPORTER 
17  Battery  Place  New  York 


PAPER 


•««■  TMAMC.U  w  unciciKv' 


Our  trade-mark  stands 

for    satisfaction   in 

price  and  service. 


FOR  EVERY  NEED 


As  manufacturers  of  a  very  extensive  line  of  Pap>er 
and  Cardboard,  we  can  supply  your  needs  with  utmost 
satisfaction. 

Papers  of  various  textures,  weight  and  colors  for 
catalogues,  booklets,  circulars,  letterheads,  mailing 
cards  and  all  other  purposes. 

Our  research  department  will  gladly  assist  you  in  the 
selection  of  paper  most  suitable  for  your  requirements 
Or  if  you  desire  stock  specially  made  up,  dependable 
suggestions  will  be  made  without  obligation.   Export 
orders  handled  only  through  exporters. 


SEAMAN   PAPER  COMPANY 


CHICAGO 

208  So.  La  Salle  St. 


NEW  YORK 
200  Fifth  Ave. 


The  most  economical  and  etfectivc  way  to  reach  the  foreign 
buyer  is  by  solicitation  through  mail — catalogs,  folders,  pamph- 
lets, etc. 

Does  your  literature  reflect  your  high  standards  > 

Our  plant  is  ready  now  to  run  otf  that  circular  for  you  m  any 
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PREMIER  PRINTING  CO. 

328    Seventh    Avenue 
New  York  City 


HELPS  YOU  GET  THE  MOST  OUT 
OF  YOUR  EXPORT  EFFORTS 


Judge  its  value  at  our 
expense 


Book  will  be  sent  on 
approval 


"PRACTICAL   EXPORTING" 

By  B.  OLNEY  HOUGH,  Editor  "American  Exporter"  and  Author  of 
"Elementary  Lessons   in   Exporting,"   "Ocean   Traffic   and   Trade." 

A  complete  discussion  of  export  trade  problems,  describing  each  phase  of 
exportmg  clearly.  Tells  what  to  do  and  what  to  avoid  in  foreign  trade. 
A  means  of  correcting  common  misconceptions. 

A  source  of  ready  reference  in  answering  all  questions  of  export  procedure. 
Many  practical  suggestions. 

Five  hundred  and  thirty  pages  of  intensely  interesting  instruction  for  the 
progressive  business  man  and  for  the  student. 

Reproductions  of  39  documents,  showing  every  form  used  in  exporting 
with  instructions  for  proper  filling  in. 

Recommended  by  the  World  Trade  Bulletin  of  the  U.  S.  Shipping  Board 
as    the  best  if  not  the  only  single  book  on  the  subject  of  exporting  in 


-15  CHAPTERS  OF  INVALUABLE  INFORMATION- 


1. 
2. 
3. 

4. 
6. 
6. 
7. 
8. 


Ways  and  MeanB 
Some  Mistaken  Impressions 
Markets  for  American  Goods 
The  Export  Department 
Foreign  Trade  Correspondence 
Traveling  Salesmen  Abroad 
Advertising  to  Get  Export  Trade 
Export  Commission  Houses 


9.  Local    Foreign    Sales    Agents,   Dis- 
tributors and  Branch  Offices 

10.  The  Export  Order 

11.  I^eparing  Shipments 

12.  Making  the  Shipment 

13.  Marine  Insurance 

14.  Financing  Foreign  Business 

15.  Credits,  Acceptances  and  Collections 


-ANSWERING  EVERY  PROBLEM  THAT  ARISES- 


Book  Department 


AMERICAN  EXPORTER 


17  Battery  PUce,  N.  Y.  C. 


r^ 


n<** 


^ 


About  Your 
Export  Catalogue 


HEN  you  reach  the  printing  stage 
your  choice  of  a  printer  may  affect 
your  whole  export  business.  If  your 
catalogue  or  booklet  is  not  right  in 

every  way,  you  will  never   have  a 

chance  to  explain  to  your  prospect  that  what 
you  had  hoped  to  send  him  was  quite  different. 

dL  Paying  a  little  more  for  the  real  thing  is 
both  an  investment  and  an  insurance. 

Charles  Francis  Press 

461  Eighth  Avenue         New  York 
Telephone,    Greeley    3210 


♦♦I 


WHITEHALL#BUILDING 


17  BATTERY  PLACE 


NEW  YORK 


HEADQUARTERS  FOR 


INDUSTRIAL  CORPORATIONS 
STEAMSHIP,     COAL     AND 


EXPORT  TRADES 


UNITED  STATES  REALTY 
AND  IMPROVEMENT  CO. 

TELEPHONE WHITEHALL  1480 


lEs  F.  Newcomb  &  Co 

(INCORPORATED) 

PRODUCERS  OF  PRINTING 

FOR 

CORPORATIONS.  BANKS 

AND  OTHER 

FINANCIAL  INSTITUTIONS 


Statistical  Work  a  Specialty 

: * — 

;^441-447  PEARL  STREET 
NEW  YORK 

TELEPHONE  WORTH  1707 


Send  for  Particulars  on 


Export  Packing  c.  c'Martin 

With  Chapters  by 
W  R   NESBIT,  Chairman  Alabama  Board  of  Control 
and  M.  G.  FITZGERALD,  General  Eiectnc  Co. 

ELABORATELY  and  ACCURATELY  ILLUSTRATED  wirfi 
Photographs  showing  Successful  Export  Packing  Methods 
in  Boxing.  Baling.  Nailing,  Water-proof  lining.  Sizes  of 
Cases.  Lumber  Used.  Crating  and  Metric  Standards. 

This  Accurate  and  Reliable  Book  will  be  invaluable  to 
the  Manufacturer,  the  Exporter  and  the  Shipper. 


!*■■■■■■■*' 


Published  and  For  Sale  by 

American  Exporter 

7  Battery  Place 


(ESTABLISHED  1877) 


New  York  City 

I 


s 


HUGH  S.  JARVIS 


Executive  Office: 
Sample  Rooms: 


61  Broadway 
31-33  Broadway 


NEW  YORK  CITY 


U.S.A. 


CM.  AddreM:  "HUJARVIS",  New  York.  Port  of  Spain.  "LITTE".  Baeno.  Aires  (Argentina) 

"HUJARVISUH",  PwU. 

EXPORTERS 

Woolen,  Silk  and  Cotton  Piece  Goods, 
General  Merchandise,  Truck  and  Auto 
Accessories 

IMPORTERS 

All  classes  Raw  Products,  Manufactured 
Goods,  Woolen,  Silk  and  Cotton  Piece 
Goods. 


Branch  Houses 

BTTKN08    AiBia.    AiKentlne, 
Hugh  S.  Jarvla 
MO  Avenlda  de  Mayo 

Paus,  France  and  Its  colonies 
Cl6  Unlveraelte  D'  Expoi^ 
tatlon  &  Importation,  1  Rue 
de  la  Peplnlere,  Gen  Agent 

Hugh   8.   Janrte,   Port  of 
BMOn.  Trinidad,    B.  W.  I. 

Ckntkal  Ettbopean  Offick, 
Hugh  8.  Jarrla,     ,      ^  _, 
40  Rue  de  la  Vlctolre,  Parts 

Bub  Agents  In  all^parts  ot.the 
WMld 


UJARVI 


World 


We 


We  are  specialists  in  the  preparation  of  exportere 
pamphlets,    booklets   and    catalogs    m    French, 
Spanish,   Italian,  Portuguese  and  Russian. 

Our  plant  is  equipped  and  ready  to  turn  out 
quality  work  in  quantity. 

LIPSHITZ      PRESS 
SELECT  PRINTING  CO.,  Inc. 

80  LAFAYETTE  STREET  NEW  YORK  CITY 

Telephone:  1730  Franklin 


Available 
to  you! 


iiiiiiiiiiiim 


Detailed  Information  on  3.000  Export 

Houses,  Freight  Forwarders,  Foreign 

Bankers   and    Manufacturers'    Export 

Agents  in  this  Country. 

Under  the  name  of  each  export  merchant  the  following  data  is  given: 
Trade  rating,  if  firm  employs  over  $50,000  capital;  date  established; 
telephone  number;  cable  address  and  codes  used;  branch  houses  and 
foreign  agencies;  other  foreign  markets  covered;  kinds  of  goods  exported; 
goods  imported. 

CONTENTS 

Contents  include  Export  Merchants  in  New  York,  Boston,  Philadelphia, 
Chicago,  New  Orleans,  San  Francisco,  Portland,  Seattle,  Tacoma.  Export 
Merchants  Classified  According  to  Goods  Shipped — Export  Merchants 
Classified  by  Markets  Cultivated— Manufacturers'  Export  Agents,  Man- 
agers of  Export  Departments  and  Export  Brokers — Leading  Bankers 
Engaged  in  Foreign  Exchange  Business — Foreign  Exchange  Brokers — 
Marine  Insurance  Companies  in  New  York  City — Foreign  Freight  For- 
warders— Some  Export  Trucking  Companies  in  New  York  City — Steamship 
Services  to  Foreign  Ports — How  to  Ship  to  Foreign  Markets — Consuls  of 
Foreign  Countries  in  the  United  States — United  States  Consular  and 
Commercial  Representatives  in  Foreign  Countries — Associations  for  the 
Promotion  of  Export  Trade — New  York  Export  Merchants  Classified  by 
Address — Map  of  the  Export  District  of  New  York. 

EXPORT  TRADE  DIRECTORY 


V 


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FOREIGN  TRADE  MARK  REGISTRATION 

. , M  M  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  H  I  I  I   I   I  I   I  I   M   I  I  I  I  I  1  I  1  i  I  1  I  I  I  I  I  1  I  I  M  1  I  t 


T)  aU  who  export  trademarked  goods  to  foreign  countries    the 

r.S'^/^ed  abstr^foT'the  important  features  of  the  trademark  laws 
of  ~^"untrie8  with  my  pri.^  for  filing  applications  for  registration, 
will  be  sent  upon  request. 

CHARLES  K.  FRASER 

Solicitor  of  Patents  and  Trade  Marks 

170  Broadway,  New  York,  U.  S.  A. 


II 


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II 


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Compiled  imder  the  supervision  of 
B.  Olney  Hough,  with  his  explan- 
atory notes  to  the  various  sections. 
Each  fact  so  classified  as  to  make 


it  instantly  available.  Book  print- 
ed in  clear  tvpe  on  strong  paper. 
Makes  a  durable  and  indispensable 
work  of  reference. 


SENT  ON  APPROVAL 


EXPORT 


FELIX  ZALBIDE 

BILBAO  (SPAIN) 

Plaza  Eliptica  2 

PosUl  Address:  '^«*^*P^'*l^****'^,;„« 

Apartarde  de  Correos  262    Zalblde  —  Pefta  —  Bilbao 
Codes  In  Use: 
A  B  C  6th  Edition       5  Letters  Llebers  Code 


IMPORT 


J 


Book  Department 
AMERICAN  EXPORTER   17  Battery  Place,  N.Y.C. 


Br«.ch  in  EngUd.  ZAUftlDE  ALVAREZ  &  CO.  Ud.,  5  &  6  Broad  St.  House 

New  Broad  Street,  London,  E.  C.  2. 
Telegraphic  Address  -  ZALALCO- London 

Exporter  of  Spanish  Products  ot  aU  Kinds 

GENERAL  MANUFACTURERS'  REPRESENTATIVE 
1  sell  in  Spain  as  agent,  or  for  my  own  account, 
all  kinds  of  METAL  and  METALLURGICAL 
PRODUCTS,  Iron,  Steel,  Tools,  Heavy 
Hardware  Goods,  Raw  Materials 
FOR  THE  Industry,  Chemicals,  Etc. 

Cocre.pondeo«  Invited  Mid  Mtried  on  in  SpMish,  Bntllih  md  French. 


USE  THE  AMERICAM  EXPORTER 


AMD  EHEHD  YOURFORHGM  TRADE 

THE  WORLD'S  LARGEST  EXPORT  PUBLICATION 
CIRCULATES  THROUGHOUT  THE  WORLD 

43  YEARS 
The  Foreign  Buyers*  Guide  of  American  Goods 


Representation  in  the 
AMERICAN  EXPORT- 
ER means  ioo%  pub- 
licity in  1 8  different  trade 
papers.  Each  of  our  1400 
advertisers  is  classified 
according  to  his  parlic- 
ular  product. 


Foreign  Trade  Service 
includes  translations, 
credit  reports,  research 
work,  advisory  service,  a 
Weekly  Bulletin  of 
foreign  buyers  visiting 
this  country — also  in- 
quiries from  foreign  mer- 
chants. 


May  Our  StafF  of  Practical  Exporters 
Plan  that  Foreign  Campaign  for  You? 


Send  for  '^Export  Advertising  Results" 

American  Exporter 

17     Battery     Place,     New    York     City 


Over 
4,000 

Closely 

Printed 

Pages 

it 

Gold  Medals: 

Paris  1900 
St.  Louis  1901 

^^0i^!l^^^^^^^^^S^^ 

PubUshed 

Annually 

Since 

1878 

Price  $20.00 

• 

Highest  Awards: 

Buffalo  1901 

Liege  1906 

•vELLYS       ? 
DIRECTORY     : 

,         OF 

^SHIPPERS       : 
^'HnViiRih       \ 

Kelly's  Directory  of 
Merchants,  Manufacturers  and  Shippers 

of  the  World 

An  Export  and  Import  Guide 

Contains  lista^of  Importers,  Exporters,  and  Manufacturers,  together  with 
kindred   trades,^   throughout   the   world,    arranged    geographically    and 
classified  by  trades. 

Kelly's  Customs  Tariffs  of  the  World 

A  Companion  Volume  to  the  Directory 

Contains  the  Tariffs  of  the  whole  world,  with  various  information  connected 
theivwith,  is  printed  in  thelEnglish  language  and  carefully  arranged  by 
the  Publishers  for  quick  ana  p.afly  reference. 

Price  $6.50                        Combination— Both  Books  $24.60 

As  Buying  and  Selling  Guides  for  Exporters  and  Importers  these 
publications  have  been  widely  used  and  highly  esteemed  through- 
out the  iworld  since  1878.  All  houses  rwishing  to  establish, 
maintain,  or  handle  Export  and  Import  Trade  should  use  them. 

As  an  Advertising  Medium  they  are  excellent,  the  paid  circulation 
being  very  large  and  distributed  in  every  part  of  the  world;  first 
class  results  are  invariably  obtained. 

Directories  of  every  description  and  other  Works  of   Reference  covering 

England,  Scotland,  Ireland,  and  Wales. 

Directories  of  South  Africa,  Australian  States  and  New  Zealand 

For  all  information  apply  to 

KELLY  PUBLISHING  COMPANY 

70  FIFTH  AVENUE,  NEW  YORK  CITY 

Sm  FrwicUM^  Cai.                                   Chicago,  ni.                                   Toronto,  Canada 
Haartt  Bmldinff                              508  S.  Dearborn  St.                             S19  Dunn  Ave. 

EFFECTIVE  TRANSLATIONS 

OF 

CATALOGUES 

CIRCULARS 

BOOKLETS 

A  Vital  Factor  in  Cultivating  Foreign  Markets 


In  dealing  with  the  AMERICAN  EXPORTER 
TRANSLATION  BUREAU  you  are  entrust- 
ing  your  work  to  the  largest  organization  of  its 
kind  in  the  world. 

Our  staff  niunbers  78  translators  and  assistants 
from  European  and  South  American  countries, 
specialists  in  various  lines,  including  engineers, 
machinists,  automobile  experts,  lawyers,  and 
men  with  mercantile  training. 

As  an  absolute  assurance  that  work  leaving  our 
offices  is  technically  correct,  we  have  several 
readers  who  revise  all  copy,  correspondence,  or 
catalogs,  to  see  that  the  original  translator  has 
interpreted  the  message  correctly  in  all  respects. 

Another  feature  of  our  service  is  proofreading 
after  the  matter  has  been  set  up  in  type. 

Printing  is  also  handled,  if  desired. 

With  our  service  you  are  relieved  of  all  problems 
incidental  to  the  publishing  of  your  export 
literature.  We  see  your  job  through  from 
beginning  to  end,  rendering  correct  translations 
for  all  technical  lines,  reading  proof,  and 
handling  the  printing. 

Estimates  promptly  furnished. 

AMERICAN  EXPORTER 
TRANSLATION  BUREAU 

17  Battery  Place  New  York  City 


EXPORTERS'  ENCYCLOPAEDIA 

The  National  Handbook 
For  Shippers  In  Foreign  Trade 

Issued  Annually 

The  best  advertising  in  the  world  is  the  praise  of  those 
who  use  your  product  and  like  it.  Mr.  C.  A.  Richards, 
president  of  the  American  International  Steel  Corpora- 
tion, writes: 

"I  have  used  the  Encyclopaedia  for  a  great 
many  years  and  I  do  not  consider  that  any 
exporter,  whether  he  is  a  manufacturer  or  a 
commission  merchant,  can  be  without  this 
valuable  publication.  There  is  practically  no 
question  arising  in  connection  with  the  technique 
of  exporting  which  cannot  be  promptly  and 
accurately  answered  by  reference  to  the 
Encyclopaedia." 

We  have  such  letters  from  little  shippers  and  from  the 
biggest  interests  in  foreign  trade,  who  use  the  Encyclo- 
paedias in  quantity.  For  example,  the  American  Express 
Company  uses  eleven  copies;  Goodyear  Tire  &  Rubber, 
seven  copies;  National  City  Bank,  six  copies;  United 
States  Steel  Products  Co.,  six  copies. 

The  information  in  the  Encyclopaedia  is  kept  up-to- 
the-minute  by  Correction  Notes  published  in  our  weekly 
magazine  Export  Trade  and  Exporters  Renew, 

PRICE:  $10.00  POSTPAID 

Including  Export   Trade  and  Exporters 

Review  for  subscription  year 
Order  Your  Copy  From 

EXPORTERS'  ENCYCLOPAEDIA  CORP. 


23  West  43rd  Street 


New  York  City 


WRITE     FOR     ADVERTISING     RATES 


iv  ^1 


RIKKERS  BROS.,  I 


NC 


■    ■     • 


312  BROADWAY 


NEW  YORK,  U.S.A. 

Home  Office:  152-7  WarmoesRtraat.   AmRt#*rHA»n  (Holland) 

CIRCULATES  FO^  '  WEEK 


Londo.  ^LUMBIA 


:a?ia       Cuba 


EXi  OKI   -  Manaiacturers  —  IMl^ORT 


Offices  and  Showrooms,  Amsterdam  —  Holland 

A  CLEARING  HOUSE  for  Stationery 

Also  big  assortments  in  Paper,  Drawing  Instruments,  School  Supplies, 
Leather  Goods,  Toilet  Articles,  Gablonz  Glassware  and  Imitation  Jewelry, 

Fancy  Goods,  Cutlery,  Toys  and  Dolls. 


If  it  is  a  question  of  QUALITY,  SERVICE  AND  PRICE- 
WRITE  TO  US  FOR  INFORMATION. 


I. 


To  Reach  American   Markets  or  to  Buy  American 

Producti^    tn    thp    Rpi^t    Advanfanf^.    |Jse 


"HENDRI 

COMMEl 
OF  THE  I 

A   Compl 
nual  Regi 
so  arrange 
can  be  qui 
a  Buyer  or 

The  lists 
minutely    i 
Mechanicalt 
Chemical    \ 
ucts,  coverij 
eties,  are  aj 

'the  lists  i 
by    trades 
the  larger 

CLASSIFIEi 

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Supplies  for 

In  this  secti 
lists  of  produc 
Manufacturers 
gineering,  Hi 
Mill,  Mining, 
Architectural, 
Kindred  indus 
of  Producers, 
Consumers. 


For  28  yea 
of  Classified  lii 
meeting  grouc 
markets  and  t 

"HENB 
2^700  Pagi 


COLUMBIA  UNIVERSITY  LIBRARIES 


0044247087 


CIRCULATES  FOR  ONE  TOEK  ONLY 
D140  '^  Am353 

American  Exporter 

Exporter's  Gazetteer  of  Foreisn 
Markets 


"s^-'wra  K8 ,  WEEK 


- — rrjBLTSHED  Exclusively  by 


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»  listings. 


S.  E.  HENDRICKS  COMPANY,  INCORPORATED 

S  WEST    I3th  STREET,       —     _  NEW   YORK,   USA. 

Jtt-7    1999 


sR^\ 


EstabUshed  1S4S 


1 


NORTON,  LILLY  &  CO 

Steamship  Agents  and  Brokers 


NEW  VORK,  CHICAGO,  NORFOLK,  NEWPORT  NEWS,  NEW 
ORLEANS,    SAN    FRANCISCO,    SEATIXE 


General  Agents  for  Steamship  Lines  from  North 

Atlantic,  South  Atlantic,  Gulf,  and  Pacific 

Coast  Ports  of  the  United  States  to 


Vladivostok 

China 

Japan 

Philippines 

Straits  Settlements 


New  Zealand 
Tasmania 
South  Africa 
East  Africa 


Spain 

Portugal 

Holland 

Russia 

Mediterranean  Port$ 


Soutli  America 
India  and  East  Indi^     United  Kingdom      Blaclc  Sea  Ports 
Australia  France  Levant  Forts 

And  Any  Other  Ports  and  Places  Throughout  the  World  as 

Opportunity  Offers 


Consignments  from  Interior  Points  of  the  U.  S.  and  Canada 
to  our  care  will  be  promptly  forwarded. 


INSURANCE  EtFKTED  UNWi R  OUR  OPEN  POUCY  AT  LOWEST  RATES 


SiULING    CARDS   AND   Fl  LL   INFORlViATION  FURNISHED 

ON  BEQUEST 


DIRECT  PASSENGER  SERVICE 

New  York  Direct  to  Montevideo  and  Buenos  Aires,  South  America 
New  York  Direct  to  Cape  Town,  Durban,  Bombay,  M^ras, 

Rangoon  and  Calcutta 

BOOKINGS  TO  ALL  PRINCIPAL  PORTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


m 


END  OF 
TITLE 


